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Valère says that he won't deny it and he has no regrets, he refers to loving Élise but
Harpagon thinks he's admitting the theft of the money. Harpagon is puzzled. He is furious with Élise for falling for Valère, especially since he believes him to be a thief. Élise tries to justify this love as Valère saved her life, but Harpagon is not interested. Valère reveals that he is the son of a man of high rank, Dom Thomas d'Alburcy from Naples. Anselme says that this cannot be true as the whole family died in a shipwreck. Valère reveals that when the ship went down, he was saved and he recently discovered his father had also survived. On his search for his father he had met, saved, and fallen for Élise and had decided the best way to be near her was to assume the role of servant. Mariane claims him as her long-lost brother. She also survived the wreck with her mother and eventually came to France. Anselme then reveals he is their father. Harpagon's first reaction is to hold Anselme responsible for the theft of his money. He shows no other emotion than greed. Harpagon is wary of letting them marry because of the cost of a wedding. However, Anselme generously offers to pay for everything. Harpagon is more bothered to find out who took his money. Cléante returns to Harpagon and negotiates with him for the right to marry Mariane in return for getting his money back.
467:
thoughts about taking her as his wife, and would have given her to Cléante if he thought that Cléante had any feelings for her. Through further questioning, he establishes that Cléante does feel for her and has visited her a few times. Harpagon is angered when Cléante refuses to stop loving
Mariane. Master Jacques is called to judge which of them is right and wrong. On stage, he moves between Cléante and Harpagon, listening to their complaints about each other and taking back to each, the version of the response by the other party that he knows each wants to hear. As Master Jacques leaves, he brings the two men together physically on stage to show their new found accord and then leaves them to a new argument. As they make up, they promise respect and tolerance to one another and say thank you to one another for allowing the other to marry Mariane. It then becomes clear as to what has happened, and the conversation returns to the former state of anger. Harpagon tells Cléante to leave and threatens to disinherit him. La Flèche enters excitedly. He has managed to steal Harpagon's money box.
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stealing something from him. La Flèche is angry at being suspected and points out that
Harpagon is so careful with his money that it would be impossible to steal it. Harpagon confides in the audience expressing anxiety about the large sum of money he has buried in the garden. As Cléante and Élise enter he is again fearful that they might have heard what he is saying about the hidden money. When they approach Harpagon thinks that they are plotting to steal from him. They are actually trying to work out how to broach the subject of marriage with him since they have both found people they want to marry. Harpagon also wants to discuss marriage with them and he mentions a young girl called Mariane. Harpagon wants to know what Cléante thinks of her. Cléante is shocked and rushes off the stage. Meanwhile, Harpagon says that Élise has to marry Seigneur Anselme. Harpagon asks Valère for his opinion on the matter. Valère is trying to suck up and agrees with Harpagon's idea. Valère reassures Élise that somehow they will sort things out later.
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given money. Harpagon wants his carriage cleaning and horses getting ready. Mariane enters. She is shocked at how unattractive
Harpagon is when they first meet and then even more shocked to be introduced to Harpagon's son, who is no other than the man with whom she is herself in love. Cléante begins complimenting her which makes Harpagon very agitated because to him, Cléante's words sound insulting and offensive. Cléante pays her compliments on his father's behalf and tells her of an expensive array of delicacies and drinks he has arranged. He then insists they takes as a present, the diamond ring on his father's hand. Harpagon becomes angry with Cléante for wasting his money, but hides his anger from Mariane. Élise arrives, is introduced to Mariane, announcing that someone has brought Harpagon some money. Harpagon quickly exits while Cléante and Élise escort Mariane on a tour of the garden.
249:, meaning a hook or grappling iron (ἁρπάγη < ἁρπάζω = grab). He is obsessed with the wealth he has amassed and always ready to save expenses. Now a widower, he has a son, Cléante, and a daughter, Élise. Although he is over sixty, he is attempting to arrange a marriage between himself and an attractive young woman, Mariane. She and Cléante are already devoted to each other, however, and the son attempts to procure a loan to help her and her sick mother, who are impoverished. Élise, Harpagon's daughter, is the beloved of Valère, but her father hopes to marry her to a wealthy man of his choosing, Seigneur Anselme. Meanwhile, Valère has taken a job as steward in Harpagon's household so as to be close to Élise. The complications are only resolved at the end by the rather conventional discovery that some of the principal characters are long lost relatives.
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intermediary between La Flèche and the money-lender until the deal is done so as to protect his identity. La Flèche explains that there are some conditions attached to the loan. Cléante is ready to accept them whatever they are, so long as he can get money to give to his beloved. When La Flèche refers to them as 'several small conditions' it is rather an understatement. Cléante is resentful but feels trapped by his desire for the money. Meanwhile, Maitre Simon enters with
Harpagon discussing a young man who wants to borrow from Harpagon. Harpagon is displeased that Cléante is trying to borrow money from someone else. Cléante, dismissed by his father, expresses disgust and leaves.
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Harpagon's profligate son, Cléante is also in love with
Mariane. Intending to run away with her, he attempts to procure an illegal loan to provide Mariane and her ill mother with money, only to discover the lender is his own father. There is mutual resentment between the two over not only money but
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The scene begins with
Harpagon calling his household together to issue instructions in preparation for Mariane's arrival for dinner. When it is Master Jacques's turn, he wants to know whether he is being consulted as coachman or cook. Master Jacques insists that he can only produce excellent food if
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Valère has saved Élise from drowning and has come into the employ of
Harpagon with intentions to win her. Harpagon mistrusts him and suspects him of wanting to rob him. At the end it is revealed he is of noble Napolitan blood, the brother of Mariane, and the son of Anselme who is really Don Thomas
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Satire and farce blend in the fast-moving plot, as when the miser's hoard is stolen. Asked by the police magistrate whom he suspects, Harpagon replies, “Everybody! I wish you to take into custody the whole town and suburbs” (5.1) and indicates the theatre audience while doing so. The play also makes
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Harpagon sees Cléante kissing
Mariane's hand and suspects that something is happening between them. Harpagon wants Cléante to tell him his feelings about Mariane. Cléante expresses a lack of interest in her. Harpagon tricks Cléante into confessing his true feelings by suggesting he is having second
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In this scene
Seigneur Anselme enters. He does not want to force Élise into an unhappy marriage. Master Jacques accuses Valère of stealing Harpagon's gold. When Valère comes in he believes the crime to which Harpagon desires him to confess is the crime of stealing the love of his daughter. When
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La Flèche is waiting for his master in Harpagon's house. Valère explains to the audience how he has assumed the role of a servant to be closer to Élise. They met when he rescued her from drowning and they fell in love. Harpagon enters, angry with La Flèche for hanging around. He suspects him of
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Cléante expresses his frustration that he and his father are rivals in love with the same woman but plans to keep his own sentiments secret while he tries to secure funds to help Mariane and her mother. Cléante has dispatched La Flèche to meet with a money-lender. Maitre Simon has acted as an
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whose love for his cash box exceeds that for his children. He builds his wealth by lending at usurious rate while pinching every penny at home, refusing to replace the worn-out clothes of the servants he abuses. The sexagenarian is suitor of the young Mariane, whom Cléante also wishes to
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Harpagon's servants with minor roles include Brindavoine, La Merluche, and Mistress Claude, a cleaning woman with no lines. In the last act appears a Magistrate who investigates the theft of the cash-box with his Clerk, who has no spoken part.
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The daughter of Harpagon, Élise owes her life to Valère, who saved her from drowning just before the beginning of the play. She opposes her father's plans to wed her to the elderly Anselme, who has agreed to take her without a
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in which the miser Euclio incessantly changes the hiding place of his pot of gold out of fear of having it stolen, and the miser's fourth-act monologue exaggerating the loss of his pot was the basis for Harpagon's. Also from
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The young woman whom Harpagon intends to wed is also the woman his son Cléante intends to run away with. She is revealed at the end to be the sister of Valère and daughter of Anselme, who is really Don Thomas D'Alburcy of
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Molière appropriated the love affair between Élise and Valère, Harpagon's inspection of the hands of La Flèche, and Valère's avowals of love for Élise that Harpagon takes as his confession to theft.
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and given a contemporary Indonesian background. In 1941 this production in turn served as basis for Tamar Djaja's novel of the same title, by which time the story had become all but unrecognisable.
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there was already a tradition of depicting misers as the Pantaleone figure, who was represented as a rich and avaricious Venetian merchant. However, Molière's play was eventually adapted to opera.
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noble who believes his wife and children drowned sixteen years earlier. At the climax it is discovered that Valère and Mariane are his children and his real name is Don Thomas D'Alburcy.
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furnished Molière with the father-as-usurer, and the scene in which a lender lends the borrower 15,000 francs, of which 3,000 is in goods; several of these items appear in the list in
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production of a translation of Molière's play ran for only three nights at the Experimental Theatre in 1936 and there have been several revivals since in one version or another.
635:, Taco de Beer's 1863 translation into Dutch provides another notable example. In 1878 he adapted this to Dutch contemporary life and an edition of that version found its way to
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One reason for so many versions must be the acknowledged fact that Molière's humour does not translate well and requires more or less free adaptation to succeed. The history of
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Frosine is an elderly woman who acts as a go-between to ensure the marriage of Harpagon and Mariane; she convinces Harpagon that Mariane's frugality will outweigh her lack of
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adapted Molière's work under the title "The Miser" in 1672 and added eight new characters. An even more popular version based on both Plautus and Molière was produced by
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A servant in Harpagon's household, La Flèche helps Cléante arrange a clandestine loan through Master Simon. In a dramatic turn he digs up and steals Harpagon's cash box.
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10 volumes, translated by Henry Baker and James Miller; published by John Watts, Wild-Court near Lincoln's-Inn Fields, 1748; digitized by Oxford University, 2008.
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fun of certain theatrical conventions, such as the spoken aside addressed to the audience, hitherto ignored by the characters onstage. The characters of
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Aside from the example of contemporary misers, Molière drew from a number of ancient and contemporary sources for elements in his
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Very soon after the play's first production in 1668, versions began to appear elsewhere in Europe. A German translation,
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628:(The Miser, 1837) on Molière's play. In this work, the Harpagon figure is represented as a small town Greek merchant.
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premiered in Sydney in 1960. It had book and lyrics by Eleanor Witcombe and John McKellar and music by Dot Mendoza.
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A dishonest character, Master Simon tries to arrange a usurious loan between Cléante and his father.
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On 2 April 1988, the BBC broadcast an updated, period adaptation to an English setting in their
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The miser of the title is called Harpagon, a name adapted from the Greek ἁρπάγη pronounced
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on Molière's play. Another musical adaptation in Arabic was pioneered by the Lebanese
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McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama: An International Reference Work in 5 Volumes
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Mise-en scène by Andrei Serban, directed by Yves-André Hubert, DVD published by
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The tyrannical father of Cléante and Élise Harpagon is a sexagenarian bourgeois
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The play was first produced when Molière's company was under the protection of
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594:. Giuseppe Palomba also wrote a libretto based on the work which was set by
872:. There were also television adaptations in Italy (1957) and France (2006).
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over love when Harpagon tricks his son into revealing his love for Mariane.
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An audio version of play, adapted to a modern setting and language by
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Master Jacques repeatedly relights a candle behind Harpagon's back.
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An elderly gentleman and suitor to Élise, Anselme is a wandering
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Garreau, Joseph E. (1984). "Molière". In Stanley Hochman (ed.).
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The Twelve Seasons of the Edinburgh Gateway Company, 1953 - 1965
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The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization
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Editions Montparnasse as part of the collected works of Molière
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L’Avare (1980) / The Miser / Louis de Funès /1980 / Film Review
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The Miser, or, the School for Lies by Molière - Ebook | Scribd
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was of Fielding's version in the years following 1766. A
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An Australian musical theatre adaptation with the name
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216:. It was first performed on September 9, 1668, in the
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1263:M.M.Badawi, “Arabic drama: early developments” in
650:The earliest American production of a play titled
1292:Encyclopedia of Literary Translation Into English
757:released a recording of The Repertory Theater of
269:Harpagon and La Flèche in a German production of
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1533:. Parcours d'une œuvre (in French). Beauchemin.
1529:Bouvier, Luc (2000). "Présentation de l'œuvre".
785:as Frosine. The play was adapted by Ranjit Bolt.
365:Master Jacques is cook and coachman to Harpagon.
812:broadcast an adaptation using a translation by
724:More recently in Britain, John Coutts' English-
700:(TRS 338). This recording of the adaptation by
887:radio in 2022 for Moliere's 400th anniversary.
849:series using the Alan Drury translation, with
422:, and that Mariane loves bespectacled old men.
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559:, appeared in Frankfurt in 1670. In England
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1249:The Methuen Drama Dictionary of the Theatre
489:. The character of Harpagon draws from the
232:. It was loosely based on the Latin comedy
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797:movie from 1980, directed by and starring
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962:The Works of Molière, French and English,
590:in 1775 and in 1776 it was set again by
580:'s libretto based on the play was set by
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824:as Frosine, Jonathan Tafler as Cléante,
614:. This was performed in Beirut in 1847.
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1306:Eva Tsoi Hung Hung, Judy Wakabayashi,
1223:Thomas Shadwell, his life and comedies
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816:and directed by Peter Kavanaugh, with
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744:and Jatinder Verma and toured the UK.
732:was performed in 2009 under the title
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27:17th century French comedy by Molière
1707:Sganarelle, or The Imaginary Cuckold
639:. There it was further adapted into
1904:Plays adapted into television shows
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602:based his 18th century comic opera
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1416:
1382:
1349:Edinburgh Gateway Company (1965),
801:. The play was also filmed by the
212:in prose by the French playwright
25:
1925:
1770:George Dandin ou le Mari confondu
1599:
206:The Miser, or the School for Lies
1623:
1419:"Musical from Moliere's "Miser""
200:; also known by the longer name
1914:Plays based on works by Plautus
1909:French plays adapted into films
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1324:History of the American Theatre
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973:Garreau 1984, p. 417; see also
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765:(TRS 338) directed on stage by
684:An audio recording of the 1969
514:François le Métel de Boisrobert
202:L'Avare ou L'École du Mensonge,
1548:Gaines, James F., ed. (2002).
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708:. The play itself ran at the
1693:L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps
1353:, St. Giles Press, Edinburgh
1308:Asian Translation Traditions
7:
1669:
1633:public domain audiobook at
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223:
218:theatre of the Palais-Royal
123:September 9, 1668
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1556:Greenwood Publishing Group
1339:Internet Broadway Database
665:, a free translation into
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172:Paris, in Harpagon's house
32:The Miser (disambiguation)
29:
1828:
1677:
1500:"Drama on 3 -- The Miser"
1423:The Sydney Morning Herald
1326:Volume 1, New York 1969,
1238:Available on Google Books
675:Edinburgh Gateway Company
620:, the founding father of
598:in 1814. In Russia, too,
261:Roles and original actors
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63:
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1791:Le Bourgeois gentilhomme
1784:Monsieur de Pourceaugnac
1700:Les Précieuses ridicules
1551:The Molière Encyclopedia
1265:Modern Arabic Literature
891:
1714:The School for Husbands
1417:B., L. (June 2, 1960).
857:as Maitre Jacques, and
710:Vivian Beaumont Theater
688:production produced by
1253:Pantaloon entry, p.374
907:
883:as Harpagon, aired on
808:On 29 September 1986,
681:in the leading role.
554:
548:
545:Charles-Antoine Coypel
532:Theatrical adaptations
389:Armande Béjart-Molière
355:
274:
188:
1819:The Imaginary Invalid
1756:Le Médecin malgré lui
1619:, the original French
1393:"Playbill: The Miser"
1322:George O. Seilhamer,
1017:Cummings study guides
877:Barunka O'Shaugnessey
712:for 52 performances.
618:Jovan Sterija Popović
539:
353:
268:
1899:Plays about marriage
1721:The School for Wives
1583:. pp. 397–418.
1006:Theatre history site
868:was made in 1990 by
704:is available at the
673:, was staged by the
522:Jean Donneau de Visé
30:For other uses, see
1812:Les Femmes Savantes
1443:Scots language site
1221:Albert S. Borgman,
1212:, pp. 199–200.
1030:, pp. 214–215.
921:Act IV, scene 9 in
742:Hardeep Singh Kohli
663:The Laird o' Grippy
624:theatre, based his
1805:Scapin the Schemer
1506:. January 16, 2022
1267:, Cambridge 1992,
734:The Auld Skinflint
573:commedia dell'arte
549:
510:La Belle Plaideuse
356:
275:
1876:
1875:
1852:Troupe of Molière
1686:Le Médecin volant
1590:978-0-07-079169-5
1565:978-0-313-31255-7
1540:978-2-7616-5118-9
1454:The Stage website
1225:, New York 1969,
904:or Commissioner;
864:The Italian film
838:Shaun Prendergast
836:as Marianne, and
803:Comédie-Française
761:'s production of
738:Kanjoos The Miser
600:Vasily Pashkevich
176:
175:
143:Original language
16:(Redirected from
1921:
1889:Plays by Molière
1847:Illustre Théâtre
1836:Madeleine Béjart
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826:Nicholas Farrell
781:as Cléante, and
706:Internet Archive
696:was released by
692:and directed by
608:Marun Al Naqqash
596:Giacomo Cordella
592:Gennaro Astarita
582:Pasquale Anfossi
578:Giovanni Bertati
557:
526:la Mère coquette
414:Madeleine Béjart
208:) is a five-act
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1742:L'Amour médecin
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362:André Hubert
342:Louis Béjart
311:Mlle de Brie
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179:
178:
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109:A magistrate
91:Master Simon
1869:(2007 film)
1861:(1978 film)
1581:McGraw-Hill
1522:Works cited
1365:"The Miser"
1210:Gaines 2002
1159:Gaines 2002
1147:Gaines 2002
1135:Gaines 2002
1120:Gaines 2002
1105:Gaines 2002
1093:Gaines 2002
1081:Gaines 2002
1069:Gaines 2002
1057:Gaines 2002
1045:Gaines 2002
1028:Gaines 2002
908:Commissaire
861:as Frosine.
830:Julia Swift
828:as Valère,
810:BBC Radio 3
783:Lili Darvas
728:version of
702:Ranjit Bolt
679:John Laurie
671:Robert Kemp
570:In Italian
555:Der Geizige
106:La Merluche
103:Brindavoine
1894:1668 plays
1883:Categories
1763:Amphitryon
1504:BBC Sounds
995:pp.215-217
975:this entry
933:References
881:Toby Jones
832:as Élise,
777:as Élise,
767:Carl Weber
694:Carl Weber
512:(1655) of
373:Mr de Brie
333:D'Alburcy.
220:in Paris.
193:pronounced
127:1668-09-09
64:Characters
54:Written by
1777:The Miser
1630:The Miser
1615:eText of
1608:The Miser
1606:eText of
1428:April 20,
1363:Moliere.
960:Molière:
923:Aulularia
912:in French
763:The Miser
753:In 1969,
730:The Miser
661:In 1954,
652:The Miser
645:Si Bachil
637:Indonesia
612:al-Bakhil
604:The Miser
567:in 1732.
518:The Miser
506:Aulularia
496:Aulularia
487:The Miser
378:Napolitan
338:La Flèche
328:La Grange
299:Du Croisy
271:The Miser
235:Aulularia
230:Louis XIV
180:The Miser
97:La Flèche
40:The Miser
1735:Dom Juan
1728:Tartuffe
1635:LibriVox
1397:Playbill
1312:pp.242-3
1269:pp.331-2
1227:pp.141-7
805:in 1973.
656:Broadway
431:Synopsis
278:Harpagon
247:harpágay
224:The play
204:meaning
70:Harpagon
18:Harpagon
1866:Molière
1858:Molière
1829:Related
1671:Molière
1617:L'Avare
1531:L'Avare
1296:p.956ff
866:L'avaro
790:L'avare
677:, with
633:De Vrek
626:Tvrdica
622:Serbian
587:L'avaro
541:Molière
501:Plautus
481:Sources
454:Act III
410:Frosine
394:Naples.
385:Mariane
370:Anselme
296:Cléante
282:Molière
255:L'Avare
240:Plautus
214:Molière
189:L'Avare
169:Setting
154:Avarice
151:Subject
125: (
112:A clerk
88:Frosine
85:Anselme
82:Mariane
73:Cléante
58:Molière
1843:(wife)
1798:Psyché
1587:
1562:
1537:
1510:May 6,
1402:May 6,
1374:May 6,
1282:, 1984
795:French
547:, 1730
463:Act IV
445:Act II
324:Valère
291:marry.
273:, 1810
210:comedy
185:French
163:Comedy
146:French
79:Valère
1678:Works
1328:p.164
979:césar
892:Notes
885:BBC 3
793:is a
726:Scots
667:Scots
641:Malay
493:play
491:Latin
472:Act V
436:Act I
420:dowry
317:dowry
308:Élise
288:miser
159:Genre
138:Paris
76:Élise
1585:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1535:ISBN
1512:2022
1488:IMDB
1430:2019
1404:2022
1376:2022
977:at
740:by
669:by
643:as
584:as
524:'s
520:.
499:by
238:by
1885::
1579:.
1558:.
1554:.
1502:.
1421:.
1395:.
1384:^
1367:.
1310:,
1178:^
1127:^
1112:^
1035:^
925:.
543:,
191:;
187::
1663:e
1656:t
1649:v
1593:.
1568:.
1543:.
1514:.
1432:.
1406:.
1378:.
1251:,
981:.
950:.
319:.
183:(
129:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
