952:), and two Western-educated moderate politicians (Michael Mariano, Abdirahman Ali Mohamed Dubeh) visited London and New York. During their tour of London, they formally met and discussed the issue with the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Alan Lennox-Boyd. They told Lennox-Boyd about the 1885 Anglo-Somali treaties. Under the agreements, Michael Mariano stated, the British Government 'undertook never to cede, sell, mortgage or otherwise give for occupation, save to the British Government, any portion of the territory inhabited by them or being under their control'. But now the Somali people 'have heard that their land was being given to Ethiopia under an Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1897'. That treaty, however, was 'in conflict' with the Anglo-Somali treaties 'which took precedence in time' over the 1897 Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty The British Government had 'exceeded its powers when it concluded the 1897 Treaty and ... the 1897 Treaty was not binding on the tribes.' Sultan Abdillahi also added that the 1954 agreement was a 'great shock to the Somali people' since they had not been told about the negotiations, and since the British Government had been administering the area since 1941. The delegates requested, as Sultan Abdulrahman put it, the postponement of the implementation of the agreement to 'grant the delegation time to put up their case' in Parliament and in international organizations.
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614:
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When under the stimulus of developments at Aden the port's prosperity markedly increased, the numerically dominant Ayyal Yunis drove out their rival kinsmen and declared themselves commercial masters of
Berbera. This led to a feud in which each side sought outside help; the defeated Ayyal Ahmed turned to Haji Shirmarke ‘Ali and his Habr Yunis clansmen for support. With this backing, they were then able to re-establish themselves and to expel the Ayyal Yunis who moved to the small roadstead of Bulhar, some miles to the west of Berbera.
235:
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49:
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1811:. Following Askaar's death his younger brother Diriiye took the mantle of Garaad and unlike his brother and father was more focused on the concerns of the Habr Awal community as a period of relative peace had set in following the defeat of the Dervishes, decreasing the need for fighting. Diriiye was faced with a parallel challenger to his role as Garaad and the Habr Awal rallied behind him and rebuffed the pretender.
557:
2359:
1706:
968:
1501:. Following his death, the Habr Awal did not crown a new Garaad for several years as Biniin's heirs were too young, with Garaad Abdalla being crowned when he came of age. Fighting in the southern limits of Habr Awal territory to protect the clan against its enemies and fighting off raids. In one incident he narrowly avoided a
1750:
old Askar. When some of the Habr Yunis party came to water, Askar stepped in between the well and the men barring them access. He was reprimanded for his foolishness and told to step aside and obey his father's wishes. Enraged Askar stabbed the man who reprimanded him and war almost broke out at this action.
1802:
The parties were moved by his words and mediated their dispute. Garaad
Abdalla gave the hand of one of his daughters to the poet as a reward for his efforts. Following Abdalla's death, his eldest son Askar succeeded him as Garaad. Askar was a skilled horseman and fought in offensive with the southern
898:
formed a nucleus that attracted other pastoralists to come and settle in the burgeoning town. As well, clan conflicts were mitigated as the new community had managed to unify on a shared religious identity rather than aligning strictly on traditional clan basis. With the Sheikh succeeding in the task
943:
The N.U.F. campaigned for the return of the territories both in
Somaliland and abroad. In March 1955, for instance, a delegation consisting of Michael Mariano, Abokor Haji Farah and Abdi Dahir went to Mogadisho to win the support and co-operation of the nationalist groups in Somalia. And in February
1749:
when they had faced a drought, the Habr Yunis requested access to Habr Awal wells to water. Abdalla granted the request but some members of his clan thought he was too generous and helping the Habr Yunis at the expense of the wellbeing of their own stock. Chief amongst these people was his 15 year
1018:
With
Diriiye's eventual death, his son Abdulrahman was crowned and the first Habr Awal leader to style himself as 'Sultan' rather than Garaad. Abdulrahman was very much like his father however was much more active in protectorate affairs. When the Eidagale attempted to raid the Issa Musa, a son of
650:
Before this, and prior to the
British settlement at Aden in 1839, the Ayyal Yunis and Ayyal Ahmed lineages of the Habr Awal clan had held Berbera and jointly managed its trade, sharing in the profits on all commercial transactions as ‘protectors’ (abans) of foreign merchants from Arabia and India.
485:
was one of the scholars that crossed the sea from Arabia to the Horn of Africa to spread Islam around 12th to 13th century. Hence,Ishaaq married two local women in
Somaliland that left him eight sons, one of them being Abdulrahman (Awal). The descendants of those eight sons constitute the Isaaq
663:
Not only did the Habr Awal host foreign merchants at their ports, they also conducted trade missions on their own vessels to the
Arabian ports. The majority of the Somali merchants who frequented Aden and other Southern Arabian ports hailed from the Habr Awal clan. They procured various raw goods
1003:
had a similar remark in aspect of the valuable caravan trade, where he also mentioned the related Ayal Ahmad of Habr Awal - who reserved the title as the Abban of
Berbera. According to the account of Bricchetti, the Isa Musa were able to attain revenue thanks to the busy caravan traffic entering
668:
Merchants. — These are generally members of the Habr Awal tribe. They bring from Harrar and the Galla country, coffee, saffron (bastard), tusks (ivory), and feathers, taking away in return zinc, brass, broad cloth, and piece goods. They remain in Aden for about twenty days at a time during the
701:
or trader, a reference to the mercantile nature of the Habr Awal traders at the time. The coastal Habr Awal (mainly the Reer Ahmed Nuh) regularly acted as brokers/middlemen for the Somali clans of the interior who wished to take their goods to the ports of
Berbera and Bulhar:
741:
enforced a blockade and some accounts narrate a bombardment of the city. In 1827 two years later the
British arrived and extended an offer to relieve the blockade which had halted Berbera's lucrative trade in exchange for indemnity. Following this initial suggestion the
608:
In this way the tribes occupying the tract of country through which the main caravan or trade routes passed accumulated a good deal of wealth, while those like the Ayal Ahmed, fortunate enough to possess a port so favored by Nature as Berbera, naturally soon became
2751:, British-Somali politician, agronomist and economist, who is currently serving as the Minister of Finance of Somaliland. Shire formerly served as the Foreign Minister of Somaliland. He also served as the Minister of Planning and National Development of Somaliland.
688:
On leaving Hargeisa we travelled for many miles through beautiful park-like land, alive with birds and jungle fowl. We met the usual Somali khafilas of Habr-Awal men, carrying their skins, gums, ghee, and coffee to our port at Bulhar, situated between Berbera and
994:
The Isa Musa, whose pasture area is the coastal plain, also raise a transit duty of 4 anas (approx. 48 pfennigs) from the caravans for the loaded dromedar and 1 ana for each sheep and each goat, which from other tribes after the Markets to be brought from
886:
met outside Hargeisa in 1870 to discuss issues regarding the new town and agreed that poaching and tree cutting in the vicinity should be banned. The Saad Musa branch of the Habr Awal began to settle in Hargeisa under the watch of Madar and the Sultan
664:
from Harar and the interior in exchange for manufactured goods. During their stay, the Habr Awal rented their own houses and hired their own servants, whereas other Somali clans tended to stay with relatives already established across the Gulf.
865:
and the second largest Somali inhabited city to date. Hargeisa and its environs had suitable soil and ample water supply for agriculture yet the pastoralists had not been taking advantage of this fact. Madar alongside the other leaders of
1040:
reaffirming his respect but disagreeing with Sultan Abdulrahman. After this the Issa Musa would leave and go on to crown their first Sultan, Sultan Koshin in 1949 marking their independence from their larger Saad Musa brethren.
1008:
They pass for skilled camel breeders and intelligent caravan organizers . And such are also the different families of the Isa Musa, who live off the caravan traffic with the Ogaden, going up to Uebi along the Faf (Fafan)
804:
on 14 July 1884. The Habr Awal continued to have a lucrative trading agreement with their foreign contacts, many of whom were also under British rule in their respective nations. The British established the capital of the
706:
The custom is for the Ayal Achmet (Berbera tribe) to act as brokers, and too often most of the profits stick to the hands of the middleman. Till lately no Ogadayn ever went to the coast, but entrusted the goods to coast
645:
to conduct trade, there was a mutually beneficial arrangement based on the abban (protection) system between them and the local Reer Yunis Nuh (Ayyal Yunis) and Ahmed Nuh (Ayyal Ahmed) lineages of Sa’ad Musa, Habr Awal:
4128:
2911:
A General Survey of the Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950: Final Report on "An Economic Survey and Reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950," Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme D.
1019:
the Habr Yunis Sultan joined the raid and when the raiders were pursued he was killed. The Sultan of the Habr Yunis approached Abdulrahman to resolve the dispute and wanted him to compel the Issa Musa to pay
1839:
means "mother". This is illustrated in the following clan structure. DNA analysis of Habr Awal clan members inhabiting Djibouti found that all of the individuals belonged to the EV32 subclade of the Y-DNA
4271:
1251:
845:
In the mid 19th century Hargeisa and the surrounding region was a hotbed of clan strife with raids being made on caravans attempting to pass through. Madar alongside other Sufi sheikhs established the
331:. They are historically viewed as an affluent clan in the horn africa that played a huge part for Somaliland's independence. The Habar Awal are politically and economically influential in present-day
1823:
In the Isaaq clan-family, component clans are divided into two uterine divisions, as shown in the genealogy. The first division is between those lineages descended from sons of Sheikh Ishaaq by a
1293:. The SNM gathered its main base of support from members of the Isaaq clan, who formed and supported the movement in response to years of systematic discrimination by the Siad Barre government.
2651:'Ogsadey', A Somali business tycoon based in Ethiopia, where he established MAO Harar Horse, the first African corporation to export coffee and amassed a net worth of approximately $ 3 Billion
3069:
2599:
1227:, Egal managed to disarm local rebel groups, stabilized the northwestern Somaliland region's economy, and established informal trade ties with foreign countries. He also introduced the
4293:
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and was unable to send aid to Berbera. Alongside their stronghold in the Persian Gulf & Gulf of Oman the Qasimi were very active both militarily and economically in the
1482:
although the role is identical. Habr Awal Garaads would rally men in times of war and settle large disputes with other clans filling the role as the ultimate peacemaker (
2676:, British four-time Olympic gold medalist and the most decorated athlete in British athletics history. He's also considered to be the best marathon runner in the world.
2648:
1180:
874:
and the new construction of permanent housing and creating his grand mosque in 1883. The Sheikh was also responsible for leading the communal prayers supplicating to
2764:
2490:
2413:, served as the elected chairman of the SNM in January 1982 and later served as the Guurti leader in the Somaliland Parliament. He is the grandson of the famous
1470:
The Habr Awal have a long tradition of leadership and are led by a Sultan from the Ahmed Abdalla branch - a numerous subclan of Saad Musa that mainly reside in
4279:
2595:(born Mohamed Hashi Dhama), Famous poet who composed one of the best known Somali language poems on the theme of reconciliation, "Hagarlaawe" (The Charitable).
2856:
3525:
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The Habr Awal as a whole are a rich people, mainly thanks to the trade passing through the port of Berbera which lies in the territory of the Sa’ad Musa.
3660:
Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana
3643:
Somalia e Benadir: viaggio di esplorazione nell'Africa orientale. Prima traversata della Somalia, compiuta per incarico della Societá geografica italiana
669:
trading season, which lasts about nine months,' making four trips. During their residence they hire a house, and are accompanied by their own domestics.
1031:
restitution is not paid when one is killed in self defense. So the Issa Musa refused and banged their shields in disproval of Abdulrahman's judgement.
1835:– the Habr Magaadle. Indeed, most of the largest clans of the clan-family are in fact uterine alliances hence the matronymic "Habr" which in archaic
3077:
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requesting military assistance and joint religious war against the British. This would not materialize as Sultan Saqr was incapacitated by prior
625:
Trade routes leading into Berbera with the 'Ayal Achmet' (Reer Ahmed Nuh) located in & around Berbera and the easterly fort of Siyara visible
684:
In the interior, Habr Awal trade caravans (khafilas) were a frequent sight according to contemporary European accounts of the Somali Peninsula:
927:. Their goal was to petition and pressure the British Government in returning lost treaty territory known as the 'Haud Reserve Area' ceded to
737:
attempted to dock in Berbera's port in 1825 it was attacked and multiple members of the crew were massacred by the Habr Awal. In response the
2424:
3981:
4301:
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1807:
rallied the northern sections of the Habr Awal who unlike the Ahmed Abdalla and a few others, did reside mainly inside the borders of
2882:
2410:
1426:
564:
4199:
3483:
3122:
2943:"Pastoral society and transnational refugees: Population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia 1988 - 2000, Guido Ambroso"
2627:
which is one of the fastest growing money transfer company in the world and he's considered 7th most influential man in Britain.
1185:
2745:
in 1974 during his term as Foreign Minister of Somalia, 1969–1977; former president of UN Security Council; teacher and poet
697:, also gained most of their resources from the Habr Awal merchants who they called "iidoor", an enviable pejorative meaning
583:, which was the chief port and settlement of Habr Awal clan during the early modern period. The clan had strong ties to the
1717:
Garaad Abdalla served for several decades and was received by travelling British officials near the southern limit of the
2381:
4379:
2830:
2466:
4129:"Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries"
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4374:
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3934:
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3683:
3624:
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3309:
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and within Djibouti they have historically settled in Quartier 3, which is one of the 7 major districts in Djibouti.
2607:, one of the tallest men in the world, at 2.32 m (7 ft 7 1⁄2 in). He has the largest hand span of anyone alive.
1741:
and its environs. The Garaad was contacted by Makonen just two years later asking him and the Habr Awal to join the
3809:
2377:
The clan has produced some of the most prominent and influential Somali figures in history, who are listed below:
2369:
which is one of the largest money transfer companies in the world. Considered the 7th most influential man in the
4173:
2860:
1286:
from the Habr Awal clan as its first chairman, who stated that the group's explicit purpose was to overthrow the
1143:
The Issa Musse have produced many prominent Somali figures with the Undersecretary General of the United Nations
2984:
4384:
2754:
2532:
466:
where they are known as a constituent segment of the Isahakia community. Finally they have a large presence in
2808:
861:
and introduced new practices that would put Hargeisa on the trajectory to becoming the largest Somali city in
538:, and also for producing a historical figure known as Ahmad Girri bin Husain who was the righthand partner of
3782:
3597:
3581:
1772:
But righteous judgement pious to you according to ancient custom, bringing peace and (firmly) like a mountain
1205:
766:
3837:"Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification: State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia"
304:
clan family, and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the
4341:
2550:
4115:
A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
4090:
A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa
3614:
2796:
579:
The Habr Awal have a rich mercantile history largely due to their possession of the major Somali port of
3009:
I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42
1803:
sections of the clan against the Dervish who had begun raiding Habr Awal and other clans in the region.
1312:
occupied the Awdal region for 4 years and successfully defeated attempts by USF militia forces loyal to
4272:"Somaliland: Prominent Somali Journalist, Ahmed Hasan Awke Passes Away in Jigjiga | SomalilandInformer"
3485:
Divine Fertility: The Continuity in Transformation of an Ideology of Sacred Kinship in Northeast Africa
2927:
2630:
2620:
2434:
2362:
1220:
1189:
1167:
1155:
990:. The Isa Musa were able to impose a transit duty of 4 units of ana per camel loaded with merchandise.
539:
17:
3739:
2776:, One of the businessmen of Somaliland and Djibouti with the most economy in terms of importing goods
2354:, British four-time Olympic gold medalist and the most decorated athlete in British athletics history.
3327:"The Trade of the Gulf of Aden Ports of Africa in the Early Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries"
2800:
2738:
2695:
2638:
2465:, Economist, Former Permanent Representative of Ethiopia to the United Nations, 2001–2004. Leader of
1841:
1174:
1000:
758:
3456:
2909:
2484:
1343:
1309:
1301:
1275:
1262:
3070:"AKHRISO: Ururka JIIDALI Oo Ceerigaabo Ku Wajahan Iyo Xukumadda Oo Ka Gaashaamatay | Hubaal Media"
2719:
2705:
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2664:
2658:
2642:
1435:
1335:
1297:
1254:
1224:
1152:
613:
3224:'Twixt sirdar & Menelik: an account of a year's expedition from Zeila to Cairo, p. 18, 1901
2691:
2520:
1490:
1236:
743:
717:
592:
588:
568:
2957:
1219:'s political institutions were essentially from the ground up under the consequential rule of
750:
was to be paid by the Habr Awal leaders for the destruction of the ship and loss of life. The
3021:"Culimo Ka Digtay In Khilaaf Diineed Laga Abuuro Siyaaro Ay Ugu Tagayaan Qabriga Subeer Awal"
2724:
2524:
2420:
1722:
1416:
1327:
1148:
1144:
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as the Habr Magaadle along with the Habar Yoonis, Arap, Ayub and Eidagalle clans against the
1737:
were worried about a devastating raid by the Abyssinian forces aimed at the burgeoning town
3045:"DAAWO ;Beesha Urursuge Oo Deegaanka Jiidalli Ee Gobolka Sanaag Shir Ugu Soo Gabo Gaboobey"
2582:
2480:
1377:
1283:
1244:
451:
1777:
Very close to you lurk people, you enemies, from primeval times their commemorating a feud
1505:
surprise attack with the Ahmed Abdalla rallying quickly and forcing the raiders to flee.
629:
The Habr Awal merchants had extensive trade relations with Arab and Indian merchants from
8:
4218:
2462:
1421:
1404:
1228:
1201:
1193:
634:
530:
and are mentioned in the renowned "Futuh Al-Habash" for their major contributions in the
316:
3886:
3141:
2926:
Omaar, Rakiya; Waal, Alexander De; McGrath, Rae; (Organization), African Rights (1993).
3388:
3338:
2959:
Tracer des frontières à Djibouti: des territoires et des hommes aux XIXe et XXe siècles
2679:
1808:
1718:
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1232:
1159:
908:
858:
806:
531:
2731:
Urban constituency since 2015. In January 2022, he was appointed Agriculture Minister.
971:
Ahmed Amar age 25 of the Issa Musa Habr Awal, photographed by Roland Bonaparte in 1890
4148:
4094:
4067:
4042:
3987:
3930:
3836:
3815:
3788:
3764:
3745:
3707:
3679:
3620:
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3489:
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3305:
3265:
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392:
54:
3924:
2942:
4140:
3380:
2709:
2516:
2452:
2448:
1856:
1742:
1729:. Garaad Abdalla alongside many other leaders in British Somaliland such as Sultan
1339:
1250:
928:
830:
584:
535:
502:
482:
439:
295:
155:
1827:
woman – the Habr Habuusheed – and those descended from sons of Sheikh Ishaaq by a
4144:
4088:
2715:
2528:
2428:
2407:, credited with the early growth of and as the founding father of modern Hargeisa
1836:
1498:
1359:
1290:
1209:
1163:
986:. Deriving income from arriving caravans into the markets of the coastal city of
945:
751:
747:
489:
The grave of Zubeyr Awal, the eponymous ancestor of the Habr Awal subclan of the
455:
408:
285:
277:
228:
3568:
Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960
3553:
Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960
2487:
and the first to be elected as the chairman of the organization in October 1981.
937:
Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960
560:
Warsame Yunis of the Saad Musa Habr Awal, photographed by Roland Bonaparte, 1890
4389:
3704:
War and Peace: An anthology of Somali literature Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda
2748:
2701:
2652:
2556:
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1782:
If the time came when you were blinded by the quarrel, you would not respect it
1453:
1331:
1317:
983:
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801:
762:
527:
415:. The clan also partially inhabits the northern portion of the capital city of
336:
4294:"BREAKING: Ibrahim Dheere Tycoon passes away in Djibouti | SomalilandInformer"
3983:
Anglo-Ethiopian Relations, 1869 to 1906: A Study of British Policy in Ethiopia
2384:, known as "Timacade", a famous poet during the pre- and post-colonial periods
1847:
A summarized clan family tree of major Habr Awal subclans is presented below.
1746:
1487:
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took it upon themselves to place the disabled in the region under their care.
587:
and Emirs would hold Habr Awal merchants in their court with high esteem with
4368:
4247:
3384:
3098:
2884:
Consider Somaliland: State-Building with Traditional Leaders and Institutions
2767:, The owner of the fastest cable company in the Horn of Africa and MSG Group
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2604:
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1869:
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1824:
1471:
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551:
427:
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as well as exclusively dominate in the agricultural towns and settlements of
309:
73:
1494:
1478:
like the Warsangeli, both clans have since changed the name of the title to
1184:
Somaliland Flying for the first time: The White and Blue Somali Flag at the
542:
and a chieftain for the Habr Magaadle forces during the Ethiopian–Adal war.
4346:
4152:
2414:
2404:
1804:
1734:
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888:
883:
834:
786:
774:
770:
360:
145:
140:
48:
2617:
person in the world with an estimated net worth of 1.8 billion US Dollars.
1486:). The first Garaad Biniin was crowned around a similar time as the first
355:
showing distribution Habr Awal Tribe in the central and eastern Somaliland
347:
2742:
2494:
976:
754:
371:
district. They form a majority of the population in the national capital
234:
3342:
3326:
2682:
Veteran Somali comedian and one of the best Somali comedian of all time.
426:
Outside of Somaliland, the Habr Awal also have large settlements in the
312:
sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habar Magadle confederation.
3371:
D. J. Latham Brown (1956). "The Ethiopia-Somaliland Frontier Dispute".
3302:
The Blood-red Arab Flag: An Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820
2758:
2624:
2577:
2565:
2536:
2511:, Legendary Somali journalist and broadcaster. He was a veteran of the
2442:
2366:
1832:
1726:
1287:
1216:
944:
and May 1955 another delegation consisting of two traditional Sultans (
862:
800:
Consequently, The Habr Awal clan signed a protectorate treaty with the
738:
459:
443:
435:
364:
352:
332:
223:
101:
68:
3392:
3044:
2727:, is a Tanzanian Minister of Agriculture and Member of Parliament for
1767:
The words too many have already been spoken about Yunis' foolish words
1493:, with both of these large subclans breaking from the tutelage of the
899:
delegated to him by his master Sheikh Kabir. Religious leaders in the
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which is about 100 km east of the tomb of his grandfather Sheikh
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722:
412:
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388:
324:
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3527:
Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-04, Volume 1
2928:"Violent deeds live on: landmines in Somalia and Somaliland, p. 63"
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was a member of a 4 delegation team of politicians and Sultans to
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region, principally in the regional capital and main port city of
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at large, and they reside in strategic coastal and fertile lands.
3146:(1st ed.). Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 238.
2614:
2600:
Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
2569:
1745:
but was rebuffed. Garaad Abdalla was approached by the Sultan of
1338:
since December 2017, and former military officer who served as a
1278:(SNM) was a 1980s–1990s rebel group. The SNM at 1981 founding in
1200:
On 26 June 1960 Egal was Prime minister of the newly independent
987:
871:
825:
810:
790:
782:
778:
638:
580:
447:
396:
380:
376:
328:
320:
305:
3891:(1st ed.). Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 53.
1257:"Jidhif", renowned for his offensive capturing the port city of
655:
556:
470:
as well, forming a large percentage of the Somali population in
3863:"Peace in Somaliland: An Indigenous Approach to State-Building"
2398:
2358:
1874:
1851:
1754:
1705:
1279:
920:
906:
693:
The Somalis from the deep interior, principally those from the
678:
642:
630:
596:
498:
494:
404:
239:
3929:(in German). VERLAG VON VEIT & COMP Leipzig. p. 115.
3801:
2925:
2849:
853:
in Hargeisa. The new congregation adhered to the 900 year old
773:
and were given to plunder and attack ships as far west as the
3509:
WSP Transition Programme, War-torn Societies Project (2005).
2874:
2822:
2728:
2708:
since December 2017, and former military officer served as a
1879:
1502:
1321:
1305:
1258:
1171:
1021:
979:
967:
875:
794:
572:
510:
506:
490:
463:
416:
301:
252:
249:
165:
112:
107:
40:
3771:, Volume 550, Issues 86-993, (The Division: 1993), p.xxviii.
2613:, Considered to be the first Somali billionaire and richest
2553:
from 2002 until 2010, and The Second Chairman of UDUB party.
4201:
First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar
3952:
Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia
3616:
First Footsteps in East Africa, Or, An Exploration of Harar
3437:
Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia
3422:
Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia
2795:
1897:
1027:
367:
and the second most populated in the Somali Republic after
134:
129:
521:
4342:"Mo Farah's family cheers him on from Somaliland village"
3511:
Rebuilding Somaliland: Issues and Possibilities, Volume 1
3233:
Somali Poetry, Lewis & Adrzejewski, 1964, pp. 111–115
3170:
British Somaliland, by Ralph Evelyn Drake-Brockman, p. 36
975:
Historically, the Isa Musa made use of the very valuable
4064:
British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960
4039:
British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960
3676:
British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960
3508:
1316:
who tried to take advantage of the fall of Siad Barre's
1034:
Cismaan Haariyey a poet stood and recited the following
1004:& leaving the coastal and historical city of Berbera
617:
Paulitschke's map covering critical trade routes in 1898
1465:
1013:
363:
region which is considered the most populous region in
3727:
War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86
3262:
Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience
3212:
An Account of the British Settlement of Aden in Arabia
3182:
The Modern History of Somaliland: from Nation to State
1792:
All hostile tribes have heard the news of your quarrel
1162:
protectorate to independence in July 1960 to form the
1025:
for the Sultan's son. According to traditional Somali
789:
to regularly attend trade fairs in the large ports of
3986:. Concept Publishing Company New Delhi. p. 121.
3741:
Ethnic Conflict and Democritization in Africa, p. 217
57:
in London 1955 to petition for the Haud Reserved Area
2342:
1797:
Like vultures, they all look greedily at your flesh!
746:
would break out. After the Habr Awal defeat, 15,000
637:
respectively. When these foreign traders arrived in
450:(Ethiopian Side) towns. They also settle and border
4126:
3808:Forberg, Ekkehard; Terlinden, Ulf (13 April 1999).
2935:
509:clan, whose tomb is located in the coastal town of
3811:Small Arms in Somaliland: Their Role and Diffusion
3370:
3358:رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي
3287:رسالة زعماء الصومال إلى الشيخ سلطان بن صقر القاسمي
2559:, Former Minister of Communication and Culture in
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3409:. University of Michigan Press. 1963. p. 27.
3255:
3253:
3123:"Piece of Berbera History: Reer Ahmed Nuh Ismail"
1474:. Historically preferring to use the native term
1346:in the mid-1980s where he commanded rebel forces.
1270:Somali Civil War and the Somali National Movement
4366:
4264:
3807:
438:where they respectively make up the majority in
4213:
4211:
2857:"One clan domination is complete in Somaliland"
2535:among also being the presidential spokesman of
1787:Without hesitation, they suddenly fell upon you
1204:, which merged five days later with the former
4286:
3909:
3250:
826:Migration South from the Coast to the Interior
785:, leading vessels from Ras Al Khaimah and the
726:Sa'ad Musa warriors preparing for battle near
4248:"مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 17"
4021:
4006:
3949:
3697:
3695:
3523:
3434:
3419:
3199:. Institute of Ethiopian Studies. p. 45.
3099:"مخطوطات > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16"
2425:Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations
891:and eagerly took up the new farming methods.
781:. They had numerous commercial ties with the
526:Historically, the Habr Awal were part of the
4208:
4086:
2698:from September 3, 1990, to January 24, 1991.
1350:List of prominent Habr Awal SNM Commanders (
1188:Celebrations on 26 June 1960 Prime Minister
300:is one of the largest subclans of the wider
4231:
3602:(in German). J. Perthes. 1894. p. 228.
3461:. Adonis and Abbey Publishers. p. 80.
3373:International and Comparative Law Quarterly
3304:. University of Exeter Press. p. 167.
2955:
2915:. To be purchased from the Chief Secretary.
2598:Jaamac Yusuf Tamiinlaaye, mentioned in the
1296:As commander of the 99th division, General
931:during the Anglo Ethiopian treaty of 1954.
359:The Habr Awal clan make up the majority in
3964:
3860:
3828:
3701:
3692:
3656:
3639:
3197:Journal of Ethiopian Studies Vol. 3, No. 1
2688:, former Deputy Prime Minister of Somalia.
2427:1979–1990 and Permanent Representative of
1243:armed forces since the disbandment of the
841:, photographed in 1912 by Ralph E Brockman
47:
4127:Iacovacci, Giuseppe; et al. (2017).
3926:Eine deutsche Gesandtschaft in Abessinien
3454:
3355:
3324:
3284:
3194:
2501:general who led a large army against the
2493:, Advisor to Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (
4133:Forensic Science International: Genetics
4107:
4024:Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48
4022:Great Britain, House of Commons (1901).
4009:Parliamentary Sessional Papers volume 48
4007:Great Britain, House of Commons (1901).
3784:Hassan Ali Jama, Who cares about Somalia
3737:
3530:. HM Stationery Office. pp. 31–32.
3458:Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1
3450:
3448:
3446:
2828:
2411:Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Madar
2357:
2346:
1721:in 1894 concerning expansion by General
1704:
1326:
1249:
1179:
966:
829:
721:
672:
654:
620:
612:
563:
555:
346:
315:The Habr Awal traditionally consists of
4087:Lewis, I. M.; Samatar, Said S. (1999).
3599:Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft
3583:Petermanns Mitteilungen. Ergänzungsheft
3565:
3550:
3356:Al Qasimi, Sultan bin Muhammad (1996).
3285:Al Qasimi, Sultan bin Muhammad (1996).
3158:Ethnographic Survey of Africa, Volume 5
2880:
2104:Geedi Ismail 'Gheedi Shide' (Baha Omar)
1852:The Sultan of Habr Awal's Royal Lineage
837:(right), the founding father of modern
797:and were very familiar with the Isaaq.
522:Medieval Period (Conquest of Abbysinia)
462:. They also have a large settlement in
14:
4367:
4197:
4061:
4036:
3884:
3854:
3702:Orwin, Martin; Axmed, Rashiid (2009).
3673:
3612:
3299:
3259:
3209:
3139:
3018:
2741:, 1991–1993; brought Somalia into the
1850:Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla) is
1831:woman of the Magaadle sub-clan of the
391:. The Habr Awal are also prevalent in
4117:, (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.
3922:
3834:
3663:(in Italian). Aliprandi. p. 632.
3475:
3443:
3413:
3179:
2982:
2483:, one of the founding members of the
1138:
1094:And the ones looking after the camels
857:order established by renowned Shaykh
4308:
4198:Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1894).
3780:
3758:
3613:Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1894).
3481:
3455:Abdullahi, Abdurahman (2017-09-18).
3227:
2907:
2661:, former Foreign Minister of Somalia
1857:Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed bin Muhammad
1466:Garaads and Sultans of the Habr Awal
1043:
1014:Establishment of Issa Musa Sultanate
999:The Italian explorer and geographer
711:
156:Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed bin Muhammad
4026:. HM Stationery Office. p. 15.
3979:
3657:Bricchetti, Luigi Robecchi (1899).
3640:Bricchetti, Luigi Robecchi (1899).
3619:. Tylston and Edwards. p. 74.
2382:Abdillahi Suldaan Mohammed Timacade
1261:in the late 1980s on behalf of the
1104:I am not compensating you for shame
820:
289:
264:, also contemporarily known as the
24:
4240:
4204:. Tylston and Edwards. p. 52.
4011:. HM Stationery Office. p. 5.
3524:Great Britain, War Office (1907).
2757:, the current Grand sultan of the
2467:Ethiopian Somali Democratic League
2029:Ahmed Abdalla (Reer Ahmed Abdalla)
1497:who were the wider leaders of the
1231:, passport and a newly redesigned
1100:Oh Suldaan I have not insulted you
595:'s court and discussions with the
25:
4401:
3969:. Grant Richards Ltd. p. 77.
2986:I. M. Lewis, A pastoral Democracy
2441:, the capital of the Republic of
2401:& 5th leader of the Habr Awal
2343:Prominent and Influential figures
1391:Ahmed Mohamed Hasan (Ahmed Japan)
1147:, and most prominently the first
939:, Historian Jama Mohamed writes:
882:. Sheikh Madar and Isaaq Sultan
813:, but later moved the capital to
294:Zubeyr ibn Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ash-
3903:British and Foreign State Papers
3570:. The English Historical Review.
3555:. The English Historical Review.
2962:(in French). KARTHALA Editions.
2832:Historical dictionary of Somalia
2431:to the United Nations 1965–1972.
1409:Haybe Ahmed Gure (Haybe Laambad)
1235:. In addition, Egal created the
1112:We will never take back from you
950:Suldaan Abdulrahman Gaarad Deria
757:and Haji Ali penned a letter to
733:When a British vessel named the
233:
222:
139:
128:
117:
106:
95:
84:
67:
4334:
4236:. Adonis and Abbey. p. 80.
4225:
4191:
4166:
4120:
4080:
4055:
4030:
4015:
4000:
3973:
3958:
3943:
3905:. H.M. Stationery Office. 1893.
3895:
3878:
3774:
3731:
3720:
3667:
3650:
3633:
3606:
3590:
3574:
3559:
3544:
3517:
3502:
3428:
3399:
3364:
3349:
3318:
3293:
3278:
3236:
3218:
3203:
3188:
3173:
3164:
3150:
3133:
3115:
3091:
3062:
3037:
3012:
3003:
2881:Renders, Marleen (2012-01-20).
2589:and Senator since January 2017.
2297:Abdalle Abdulle (Abdalle Qoyan)
1757:named Aami stood and recited a
1255:General Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi
1092:The man who's digging for death
591:noting their influence in Emir
342:
272:, and alternately known as the
4234:Making Sense of Somali History
3950:Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900).
3888:First Footsteps in East Africa
3586:(in German). J. Perthes. 1894.
3482:Mire, Sada (5 February 2020).
3435:Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900).
3420:Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900).
3143:First Footsteps in East Africa
2976:
2949:
2919:
2901:
2789:
2755:Sultan Osman Sultan Ali Koshin
2023:Samatar Abdalla (Reer Samatar)
1998:Shirdoon Yonis (Reer Shirdoon)
1374:Ahmed Jama Sabban (Janan Oogo)
1342:pilot before defecting to the
1320:in 1991 and annex the city of
1223:. During his 9-year tenure as
917:Sultan Abdulrahman Garad Deria
878:for rain in a ritual known as
870:introduced the cultivation of
13:
1:
3513:. Red Sea Press. p. 214.
3264:. 9780226467917. p. 70.
2783:
2081:Hussein Qawa Omar (Baha Omar)
1458:Sheikh Yusuf Ali Sheikh Madar
1102:And I am not reprimanding you
1047:
946:Sultan Abdillahi Sultan Deria
767:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
659:Illustration of Berbera, 1884
545:
505:, the founding father of the
4145:10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.015
3835:Höhne, Markus (2011-07-15).
3407:Journal of African Languages
3331:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
3244:The Dublin Review, Volume 98
2718:, current Chief of Staff of
2551:Vice-President of Somaliland
1446:Mohamed Hasan (Gacmo Dheere)
1385:Ahmed Ibrahim (Raage Bidaar)
1300:(Jidhif) also established a
1116:Who we put leaves on as king
1088:The man who stands in wealth
956:
403:, the historic port city of
7:
3706:. Progressio. p. 206.
3325:Pankhurst, Richard (1965).
3300:Davies, Charles E. (1997).
3214:. Cengage Gale. p. 41.
2989:. James Currey Publishers.
2956:Imbert-Vier, Simon (2011).
2908:Hunt, John Anthony (1951).
2829:Castagno, Margaret (1975).
2797:Central Intelligence Agency
2667:, former Chief of Staff of
2063:Adan Jibril (Bahaabar Adan)
1995:Yunis Nuh (Reer Yunis Nuh)
1983:Osman Hussein (Cismaannada)
1974:Ugaadh Abokor (Ugaadhyahan)
1818:
1753:A wise Habr Awal bard from
1106:I expect no wealth from you
1077:Caleentii boqor saarray baa
10:
4406:
4298:www.somalilandinformer.com
4276:www.somalilandinformer.com
3488:. Routledge. p. 151.
3210:Hunter, Frederick (1877).
2631:Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal
2435:Abdurrahman Mahmoud Aidiid
2405:Sheikh Madar Ahmed Shirwac
2137:Yonis Jibril (Reer Yonis)
2134:Mohamed Jibril (Deriyahan)
2096:Hareed Barre (Reer Hareed)
2026:Abane Abdalla (Reer Abane)
2012:Ahmed Nuh (Reer Ahmed Nuh)
1713:Askar photographed in 1895
1431:Mohamed Elmi Samatar Galan
1206:Trust Territory of Somalia
1156:Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal
960:
715:
549:
540:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
516:
477:
4380:Ethnic groups in Djibouti
4066:. Routledge. p. 64.
4041:. Routledge. p. 79.
3824:– via Google Books.
3781:Jama, Hassan Ali (2005).
3738:Glickman, Harvey (1995).
3678:. Routledge. p. 79.
3260:Laitin, David D. (1977).
2739:Prime Minister of Somalia
2696:Prime Minister of Somalia
2639:Prime Minister of Somalia
2216:Balle Hassan (Reer Baale)
2122:Qayaad Ismail (Baha Omar)
2101:Dalal Ismail (Reer Dalal)
2045:Muhumed Ismail (Waran'ad)
1175:Prime Minister of Somalia
1110:The beautiful young women
1096:Oh Suldaan think about it
1069:Cuudkii aannu ku siinniyo
759:Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi
575:and ally of the Habr Awal
245:
217:
171:
161:
151:
79:
62:
46:
39:
32:
4375:Somali clans in Ethiopia
3967:A Soldier's Shikar Trips
3965:Mainwaring, H.G (1894).
3885:Burton, Richard (1856).
3769:Somalia: a country study
3646:(in Italian). Aliprandi.
3360:(in Arabic). p. ١٢.
3289:(in Arabic). p. ١٧.
3140:Burton, Richard (1856).
2649:Mohammed Abdillahi Kahin
2485:Somali National Movement
2284:Hildid Ali (Reer Hildid)
2275:Wa'ays Ali (Reer Wa'ays)
2107:Hoosh Ismail (Baha Omar)
2075:Abtidon Omar (Baha Omar)
2004:Gadid Yonis (Reer Gadid)
2001:Hoosh Yonis (Reer Hoosh)
1962:Isse Isaaq (Ciise Carab)
1397:General Ali Hussein Abdi
1302:Somali National Movement
1276:Somali National Movement
1120:The Muuse Subeer people
1051:Ka qoteysta hadhuudhkiyo
1001:Luigi Robecchi Brichetti
4232:Abdurahman., A (2017).
3025:Geeska Afrika Newspaper
2809:Perry–Castañeda Library
2720:Somaliland Armed Forces
2706:President of Somaliland
2669:Somaliland Armed Forces
2665:Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi
2659:Mohamed Abdullahi Omaar
2643:President of Somaliland
2048:Yonis Ismail (Bah Gobo)
2042:Idris Ismail (Bah Gobo)
1436:Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi
1336:President of Somaliland
1298:Mohamed Hasan Abdullahi
1237:Somaliland Armed Forces
1225:President of Somaliland
1153:President of Somaliland
1108:The respect we give you
1090:Who harvests the millet
1075:Ceynkaagaa rag ahaayoon
1073:Marnaba kaa celin maayo
483:Sheikh Ishaaq ibn Ahmed
407:, the historic town of
4316:"Somali Entrepreneurs"
4093:. LIT Verlag Münster.
4062:Milman, Brock (2013).
4037:Milman, Brock (2013).
3674:Milman, Brock (2013).
3566:Mohamed, Jama (2002).
3551:Mohamed, Jama (2002).
3385:10.1093/iclqaj/5.2.245
3195:Pankhurst, R. (1965).
3184:. Praeger. p. 35.
2692:Muhammad Hawadle Madar
2521:Somaliland National TV
2491:Ahmad Girri bin Husain
2374:
2355:
2322:Afgab Muuse(Abdi Muse)
2303:Ahmed Hassan (Dhogori)
2278:Abane Ali (Reer Abane)
2272:Sahal Ali (Reer Sahal)
2084:Sahal Omar (Baha Omar)
2072:Abeeb Omar (Baha Omar)
1959:Mohammed Isaaq (Abbas)
1903:Abdirahman (Habr Awal)
1714:
1631:(adopted Sultan title)
1491:Sultan Diriiye Ainasha
1347:
1332:Colonel Muse Bihi Abdi
1266:
1197:
1086:
1067:Calafna kaa sugi maayo
1059:Wax ma qaybsan karaan?
1057:Suldaanaw bal qiyaasoo
1011:
997:
972:
954:
842:
744:Battle of Berbera 1827
730:
718:Battle of Berbera 1827
709:
691:
681:
671:
660:
653:
626:
618:
611:
605:
593:Ahmad III ibn Abu Bakr
576:
561:
356:
296:Shaykh Isḥāq ibn Aḥmad
281:
4385:Society of Somaliland
3923:Felix, Rosen (1907).
3019:Samiir (2014-08-03).
2983:Lewis, I. M. (1999).
2725:Hussein Mohamed Bashe
2525:Horn Cable Television
2497:) and a high ranking
2421:Abdulrahim Abby Farah
2361:
2350:
1844:paternal haplogroup.
1708:
1417:Ibrahim Megag Samatar
1330:
1253:
1239:, the most effective
1183:
1158:, who led the former
1149:Somali Prime Minister
1145:Abdulrahim Abby Farah
1129:Suldaanow Kuma Caayin
1114:Men who were like you
1065:Ceebna kuu gudi maayo
1061:Suldaanow kuma caayin
1053:Ninka geeri qodaayiyo
1006:
992:
970:
941:
833:
725:
704:
686:
676:
666:
658:
648:
624:
616:
606:
601:
567:
559:
399:, the resort town of
350:
4219:"Board of directors"
3980:Ram, Venkat (2009).
3246:. 1886. p. 176.
3180:Lewis, I.M. (1965).
2583:Abdi Hashi Abdullahi
2481:Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid
2469:(ESDL) party in the
1427:Sheikh Ibrahim Madar
1412:Hamud Ibrahim Ismail
1378:Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid
1365:Abdikarim Hashi Elmi
1284:Ahmed Mohamed Gulaid
1245:Somali National Army
1081:Aakhiro u celinaaya
1079:Cuurkii Muuse Subeer
1071:Cadradii gabadhiinna
1049:Ninka Qaaliya joogee
851:the big congregation
317:nomadic pastoralists
4252:makhtota.ksu.edu.sa
3861:interpeace (2008).
3160:. 1969. p. 24.
3103:makhtota.ksu.edu.sa
3074:www.hubaalmedia.net
2835:. Scarecrow Press.
2805:Somalia Summary Map
2765:Mohamed se'ad Geedi
2641:: 1960, 1967–1969.
2623:, owner and CEO of
2463:Abdul Majid Hussein
2365:, owner and CEO of
1422:Ibrahim Dhagahweyne
1405:Hassan Yonis Habane
1229:Somaliland shilling
1202:State of Somaliland
1194:State of Somaliland
1063:Ku canaannana maayo
635:Indian subcontinent
2749:Dr. Saad Ali Shire
2680:Abdi Haybe Laampad
2637:politician. First
2585:, Speaker of the
2477:from 1995 to 2001.
2375:
2356:
2281:Had Ali (Reer Had)
2087:Yonis Omar (Dugeh)
1809:British Somaliland
1715:
1461:Yahya Haji Ibrahim
1442:Mohamed Hashi Elmi
1400:Boobe Yusuf Dualeh
1348:
1267:
1215:Most prominently,
1198:
1170:has been the only
1160:British Somaliland
1127:—Cismaan Haayirey
1055:Ka qasaalaya geela
973:
915:In the year 1955,
909:British Somaliland
859:Abdul Qadir Gilani
843:
807:British Somaliland
731:
682:
661:
627:
619:
577:
569:Ahmad Bin Abi Bakr
562:
532:Ethiopian-Adal war
434:, specifically in
357:
3765:Helen Chapin Metz
3129:. 21 August 2015.
2735:Umar Arteh Ghalib
2686:Mohamed Omar Arte
2587:Senate of Somalia
2547:Ahmed Yusuf Yasin
2513:BBC World Service
2509:Ahmed Hassan Awke
2503:Abyssinian empire
2455:, the capital of
2439:Mayor of Hargeisa
1866:Ahmed (Tol-Ja’lo)
1703:
1702:
1304:military base in
1212:on July 1, 1960.
1196:salutes the flag.
1136:
1135:
712:Battle of Berbera
258:
257:
55:Abdulrahman Deria
53:Habr Awal Sultan
16:(Redirected from
4397:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4350:. 10 August 2012
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4300:. Archived from
4290:
4284:
4283:
4278:. Archived from
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4176:. Archived from
4170:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4124:
4118:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3920:
3907:
3906:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3778:
3772:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3452:
3441:
3440:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3076:. Archived from
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2933:
2931:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2859:. Archived from
2853:
2847:
2846:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2793:
2774:Jam'a Omar Seed
2710:Somali Air Force
2517:Voice of America
2453:Mayor of Berbera
2449:Abdishakur Iddin
2306:Deriyahan Hassan
2291:Abdirahman Muuse
2143:Cabdi Muse Yonis
1965:Musa (Ase) Isaaq
1939:Mohammed Makahil
1910:Abdirahman Sa'ad
1863:Habr Habuusheed
1743:Ethiopian Empire
1508:
1507:
1340:Somali Air Force
1139:Contemporary Era
1118:Are keeping back
1044:
929:Ethiopian Empire
821:Contemporary Era
809:protectorate at
585:Emirate of Harar
536:Ethiopian Empire
503:Ishaaq bin Ahmed
493:, is located in
423:region as well.
291:
238:
237:
227:
226:
202:Abdirahman Sa'ad
144:
143:
133:
132:
122:
121:
111:
110:
100:
99:
98:
89:
88:
72:
71:
51:
30:
29:
21:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4353:
4351:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4256:
4254:
4246:
4245:
4241:
4230:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4209:
4196:
4192:
4183:
4181:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4157:
4155:
4125:
4121:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4085:
4081:
4074:
4060:
4056:
4049:
4035:
4031:
4020:
4016:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3978:
3974:
3963:
3959:
3948:
3944:
3937:
3921:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3883:
3879:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3859:
3855:
3846:
3844:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3779:
3775:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3672:
3668:
3655:
3651:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3611:
3607:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3564:
3560:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3522:
3518:
3507:
3503:
3496:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3453:
3444:
3433:
3429:
3418:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3369:
3365:
3354:
3350:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3298:
3294:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3258:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3208:
3204:
3193:
3189:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3083:
3081:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3052:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3029:
3027:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2954:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2924:
2920:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2879:
2875:
2866:
2864:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2801:"Ethnic Groups"
2794:
2790:
2786:
2778:Ominco Company
2716:Nuh Ismail Tani
2529:Radio Mogadishu
2429:Somali Republic
2345:
2340:
2300:Hassan Abdulle
2254:Jibril Mohamed
2248:Mukhtar Mohamed
2194:Mohamoud Jibril
2151:Caynaashe Yonis
1986:Jibril Hussein
1980:Hussein Abokor
1942:Hassan Makahil
1821:
1499:Isaaq Sultanate
1468:
1449:Mahdi Ali Farah
1360:Abdillahi Askar
1291:military regime
1272:
1210:Somali Republic
1164:Somali Republic
1141:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1098:Can they agree?
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1016:
965:
959:
934:
913:
828:
823:
748:Spanish dollars
720:
714:
554:
548:
524:
519:
480:
345:
335:as well as the
232:
231:
221:
198:
179:
175:
138:
137:
127:
126:
116:
115:
105:
104:
96:
94:
93:
83:
66:
58:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4403:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4362:
4361:
4333:
4322:. 15 June 2017
4307:
4304:on 2018-01-24.
4285:
4282:on 2018-02-16.
4263:
4239:
4224:
4207:
4190:
4165:
4119:
4106:
4099:
4079:
4072:
4054:
4047:
4029:
4014:
3999:
3992:
3972:
3957:
3954:. p. 138.
3942:
3935:
3908:
3894:
3877:
3853:
3827:
3820:
3800:
3793:
3773:
3757:
3750:
3730:
3719:
3712:
3691:
3684:
3666:
3649:
3632:
3625:
3605:
3589:
3573:
3558:
3543:
3536:
3516:
3501:
3494:
3474:
3467:
3442:
3427:
3412:
3398:
3379:(2): 245–264.
3363:
3348:
3317:
3310:
3292:
3277:
3270:
3249:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3202:
3187:
3172:
3163:
3149:
3132:
3114:
3090:
3061:
3036:
3011:
3002:
2995:
2975:
2968:
2948:
2934:
2918:
2900:
2893:
2873:
2848:
2841:
2821:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2752:
2746:
2732:
2722:
2713:
2702:Muse Bihi Abdi
2699:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2662:
2656:
2653:Ethiopian Birr
2646:
2628:
2618:
2611:Ibrahim Dheere
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2580:
2563:
2557:Ali Abdi Farah
2554:
2544:
2541:Military Junta
2506:
2499:Adal Sultanate
2488:
2478:
2460:
2451:, the current
2446:
2432:
2418:
2408:
2402:
2385:
2371:United Kingdom
2344:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2298:
2294:Abdulle Muuse
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2251:Hassan Mohamed
2249:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:Hassan Abokor
2208:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:Ibrahim Jibril
2198:
2195:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2154:Urkurag Yonis
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:Samatar Ismail
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2064:
2060:Jibril Abokor
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2036:Abdalla Ismail
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:Mohammed Yonis
2005:
2002:
1999:
1989:Ismail Jibril
1984:
1978:
1977:Abdalla Abokor
1975:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:Abokor Makahil
1931:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1919:Abdalla Hassan
1914:
1911:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1886:Habr Magaadle
1884:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1855:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1454:Muse Bihi Abdi
1450:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1318:Military Junta
1271:
1268:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1084:
1015:
1012:
984:Horn of Africa
961:Main article:
958:
955:
925:United Kingdom
912:
905:
827:
824:
822:
819:
802:British Empire
763:Ras Al Khaimah
716:Main article:
713:
710:
589:Richard Burton
550:Main article:
547:
544:
528:Adal Sultanate
523:
520:
518:
515:
479:
476:
344:
341:
337:Horn of Africa
256:
255:
247:
243:
242:
219:
215:
214:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
152:Descended from
149:
148:
81:
77:
76:
64:
60:
59:
52:
44:
43:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4402:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4203:
4202:
4194:
4180:on 2021-03-07
4179:
4175:
4169:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4113:I. M. Lewis,
4110:
4102:
4100:9783825830847
4096:
4092:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4073:9780415717458
4069:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4048:9780415717458
4044:
4040:
4033:
4025:
4018:
4010:
4003:
3995:
3993:9788180696244
3989:
3985:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3961:
3953:
3946:
3938:
3936:9780274113415
3932:
3928:
3927:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3904:
3898:
3890:
3889:
3881:
3864:
3857:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3823:
3821:9783933111012
3817:
3813:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3794:9783899300758
3790:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3753:
3751:9780918456748
3747:
3743:
3742:
3734:
3728:
3723:
3715:
3713:9781852873295
3709:
3705:
3698:
3696:
3687:
3685:9780415717458
3681:
3677:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3626:9780705415002
3622:
3618:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3569:
3562:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3537:9780344344800
3533:
3529:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3495:9781138368507
3491:
3487:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3468:9781909112797
3464:
3460:
3459:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3439:. p. 40.
3438:
3431:
3424:. p. 96.
3423:
3416:
3408:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3311:9780859895095
3307:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3271:9780226467917
3267:
3263:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3239:
3230:
3221:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3191:
3183:
3176:
3167:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3136:
3128:
3127:wordpress.com
3124:
3118:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3080:on 2021-11-06
3079:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3006:
2998:
2996:9780852552803
2992:
2988:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2969:9782811105068
2965:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2938:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2913:
2904:
2896:
2894:9789004222540
2890:
2886:
2885:
2877:
2863:on 2019-09-09
2862:
2858:
2852:
2844:
2842:9780810808300
2838:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2605:Hussain Bisad
2603:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:, celebrated
2567:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2471:Somali Region
2468:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:, the former
2436:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2349:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2319:Abdalla Muuse
2318:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2266:Muuse Jibril
2265:
2262:
2260:Abokor Jibril
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:Mohamed Issa
2244:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2203:Ismail Jibril
2202:
2199:
2197:Hassan Jibril
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:Adan Urkurag
2156:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:Caraale yonis
2147:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:Hassan Jibril
2130:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:Higgis Ismail
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2093:Barre Ismail
2092:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:Abdalla Said
2019:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:Abokor Isaaq
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1951:Rooble Hassan
1950:
1948:Jibril Hassan
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:Cumar Makahil
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1916:Hassan Sa'ad
1915:
1913:Abdalla Sa'ad
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:on behalf of
1724:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1388:Ahmed Golhaye
1387:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1151:& second
1150:
1146:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1085:
1082:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1010:
1005:
1002:
996:
991:
989:
985:
981:
978:
969:
964:
953:
951:
947:
940:
938:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
910:
907:Lobbying for
904:
902:
897:
892:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
840:
836:
832:
818:
816:
812:
808:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:
749:
745:
740:
736:
729:
724:
719:
708:
703:
700:
696:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
657:
652:
647:
644:
640:
636:
632:
623:
615:
610:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
574:
570:
566:
558:
553:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
486:clan-family.
484:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:Somali Region
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
354:
349:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
292:, Full Name:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
254:
251:
248:
244:
241:
236:
230:
225:
220:
216:
210:
207:
205:Abdalla Sa'ad
204:
201:
200:
199:
197:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
178:
174:
170:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
142:
136:
131:
125:
120:
114:
109:
103:
92:
87:
82:
78:
75:
70:
65:
61:
56:
50:
45:
42:
38:
31:
19:
4352:. Retrieved
4347:The Guardian
4345:
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4320:Salaan Media
4319:
4310:
4302:the original
4297:
4288:
4280:the original
4275:
4266:
4255:. Retrieved
4251:
4242:
4233:
4227:
4200:
4193:
4182:. Retrieved
4178:the original
4168:
4156:. Retrieved
4136:
4132:
4122:
4114:
4109:
4089:
4082:
4063:
4057:
4038:
4032:
4023:
4017:
4008:
4002:
3982:
3975:
3966:
3960:
3951:
3945:
3925:
3902:
3897:
3887:
3880:
3869:. Retrieved
3856:
3845:. Retrieved
3841:Researchgate
3840:
3830:
3810:
3803:
3783:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3722:
3703:
3675:
3669:
3659:
3652:
3642:
3635:
3615:
3608:
3598:
3592:
3582:
3576:
3567:
3561:
3552:
3546:
3526:
3519:
3510:
3504:
3484:
3477:
3457:
3436:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3406:
3401:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3357:
3351:
3337:(1): 36–81.
3334:
3330:
3320:
3301:
3295:
3286:
3280:
3261:
3243:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3205:
3196:
3190:
3181:
3175:
3166:
3157:
3152:
3142:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3106:. Retrieved
3102:
3093:
3082:. Retrieved
3078:the original
3073:
3064:
3053:. Retrieved
3051:. 2014-09-23
3049:WAJAALE NEWS
3048:
3039:
3028:. Retrieved
3024:
3014:
3005:
2985:
2978:
2958:
2951:
2937:
2921:
2910:
2903:
2883:
2876:
2865:. Retrieved
2861:the original
2851:
2831:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2804:
2791:
2645:, 1993–2002.
2633:, Legendary
2621:Ismail Ahmed
2572:musician in
2533:Universal TV
2415:Sheikh Madar
2392:
2391:Abdulrahman
2388:
2376:
2363:Ismail Ahmed
2325:Egalle Muuse
2263:Yonis Jibril
2229:abdiwadhawr
2210:Abokor Issa
2191:Jibril Adan
2140:Muuse Yonis
2116:Ollow Ismail
2113:Idris Ismail
2090:Ismail Omar
2051:Yusuf Ismail
2017:Said Ismail
1968:Yeesif Isaaq
1954:Osman Hassan
1924:Isaaq Sa'ad
1907:Sa'ad Muuse
1902:
1849:
1846:
1822:
1805:Sheikh Madar
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1752:
1735:Sheikh Madar
1731:Deria Hassan
1719:protectorate
1716:
1710:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1653:Abdulrahman
1650:
1647:
1644:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1541:first Garaad
1540:
1536:
1533:
1523:
1517:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1382:Ahmed Dhagah
1349:
1295:
1273:
1214:
1208:to form the
1199:
1186:Independence
1142:
1128:
1087:
1048:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1007:
998:
993:
974:
942:
936:
933:
914:
911:Independence
900:
895:
893:
884:Deria Hassan
879:
867:
850:
846:
844:
835:Sheikh Madar
799:
787:Persian Gulf
771:Gulf of Aden
752:Isaaq Sultan
734:
732:
705:
692:
687:
683:
667:
662:
649:
628:
607:
602:
578:
525:
488:
481:
425:
361:Maroodi Jeex
358:
343:Distribution
314:
293:
273:
269:
265:
261:
259:
208:Hassan Sa'ad
195:
194:
176:
162:Parent tribe
146:Saudi Arabia
4174:"Habr Awal"
4139:: 123–131.
2769:sa'ad musse
2743:Arab League
2539:during his
2495:Ahmed Guray
2257:Omar Jibril
2240:ali wadhawr
2226:Idris Issa
2219:Musa Hassan
2185:Issa Muuse
2066:Ali Jibril
1992:Nuh Ismail
1930:Nuh Makahil
1723:Ras Makonen
1623:Abdulrahman
1371:Adan Shiine
1368:Adan Dhamah
1282:it elected
1166:. To date,
847:Jama'a Weyn
755:Farah Guled
452:Kebri Beyah
411:as well as
274:Zubeyr Awal
270:Subeer Awal
211:Isaaq Sa'ad
196:Sa'ad Musa:
191:Mohamed Isa
33:Habar Awal
27:Somali clan
4369:Categories
4257:2017-07-26
4184:2017-04-04
4158:18 January
3871:2023-04-24
3847:2024-05-07
3108:2017-08-24
3084:2021-05-21
3055:2021-05-21
3030:2021-05-21
2867:2018-01-23
2784:References
2759:Issa Musse
2704:, Current
2625:WorldRemit
2578:Somaliland
2566:Ali Feiruz
2537:Siad Barre
2443:Somaliland
2367:WorldRemit
2331:Omar Muuse
2269:Ali Muuse
2188:Adan Issa
2166:Ahmed Adan
2039:Ali Ismail
1945:Ali Hassan
1747:Habr Yunis
1727:Menelik II
1695:Abdillahi
1674:Abdillahi
1488:Habr Yunis
1415:Professor
1334:, Current
1308:where the
1288:Siad Barre
1217:Somaliland
868:Jam'a Weyn
863:Somaliland
739:Royal Navy
677:Street in
599:Mohammed.
571:, Emir of
552:Sa'ad Musa
546:Sa'ad Musa
460:Fafan Zone
444:Hart Sheik
436:Fafan Zone
365:Somaliland
353:Somaliland
333:Somaliland
310:Sa'ad Musa
282:Habar Awal
266:Habr Awal
188:Idrais Isa
182:Abokor Isa
102:Somaliland
41:Isaaq Clan
18:Habar Awal
2887:. BRILL.
2737:, former
2694:, former
2328:Eli Muuse
2235:rer hayan
2232:rer dahir
2160:Omar Adan
2078:Adan Omar
2069:Omar Ali
1669:Abdirizaq
1648:Abdillahi
1394:Ali Gurey
1247:in 1991.
963:Issa Musa
957:Issa Musa
855:Qadiriyya
817:in 1941.
735:Mary Anne
413:Daarbuduq
401:El-Sheikh
389:Kalabaydh
325:merchants
63:Ethnicity
4354:13 March
4153:28068531
3814:. BITS.
3343:41965718
2799:(2002).
2674:Mo Farah
2593:Gaarriye
2574:Djibouti
2561:Djibouti
2475:Ethiopia
2352:Mo Farah
2163:Ali Adan
1927:Makahil
1898:Muhammad
1880:Muhammad
1819:Branches
1739:Hargeisa
1629:Diriiye
1606:Abdalla
1585:Abdalla
1495:Eidagale
1484:nabadoon
1472:Ethiopia
1452:Colonel
1438:(Jidhif)
1434:General
1403:General
1362:Barkhad
1358:Colonel
1352:Mujahids
1314:Djibouti
995:Berbera.
880:roobdoon
839:Hargeisa
815:Hargeisa
728:Hargeisa
707:traders.
699:merchant
633:and the
472:Djibouti
468:Djibouti
432:Ethiopia
421:Togdheer
385:Arabsiyo
373:Hargeisa
369:Banaadir
323:people,
246:Religion
218:Language
185:Adam Isa
177:Isamusa:
172:Branches
124:Ethiopia
91:Djibouti
80:Location
35:زبير اول
3767:, ed.,
2814:15 June
2459:Region.
2389:Suldaan
1875:Ibrahim
1709:Future
1601:Diriiye
1564:Biniin
1559:Abdalla
1503:Jidwaaq
1480:Suldaan
1192:of the
1037:geeraar
988:Berbera
982:in the
977:caravan
872:sorghum
811:Berbera
791:Berbera
783:Somalis
779:Red Sea
777:on the
639:Berbera
581:Berbera
517:History
478:Lineage
458:in the
456:Jigjiga
448:Wajaale
440:Harshin
397:Berbera
381:Wajaale
377:Gabiley
351:Map of
329:farmers
321:coastal
306:Isamusa
290:هبر أول
4326:15 Feb
4151:
4097:
4070:
4045:
3990:
3933:
3818:
3791:
3748:
3710:
3682:
3623:
3534:
3492:
3465:
3393:755848
3391:
3341:
3308:
3268:
2993:
2966:
2891:
2839:
2761:clans.
2712:pilot.
2635:Somali
2615:Somali
2570:Somali
2549:, the
2515:, the
2399:Sultan
2397:, 1st
2393:Gaarad
1890:Ismail
1837:Somali
1829:Somali
1825:Harari
1755:Bulhar
1711:Garaad
1693:Sultan
1690:Hassan
1687:Sultan
1672:Sultan
1666:Sultan
1651:Sultan
1645:Sultan
1627:Garaad
1619:Sultan
1604:Garaad
1598:Garaad
1583:Garaad
1577:Garaad
1562:Garaad
1556:Garaad
1537:Biniin
1534:Garaad
1522:Reign
1516:Reign
1476:Garaad
1280:London
1241:Somali
1009:route.
948:, and
921:London
901:Jama'a
896:Jama'a
695:Ogaden
689:Zeila.
679:Bulhar
643:Bulhar
631:Arabia
597:Vizier
499:Sanaag
495:Jidali
446:, and
409:Sheikh
405:Bulhar
387:, and
286:Arabic
278:Somali
240:Arabic
229:Somali
74:Somali
4390:Isaaq
3866:(PDF)
3843:: 351
3389:JSTOR
3339:JSTOR
2729:Nzega
2457:Sahil
2395:Deria
1842:E1b1b
1760:gabay
1580:Askar
1524:Till
1518:From
1513:Name
1322:Zeila
1306:Zeila
1259:Zeila
1172:Isaaq
980:trade
889:Deria
876:Allah
795:Zeila
775:Mocha
609:rich.
573:Harar
511:Maydh
507:Isaaq
491:Isaaq
464:Kenya
417:Burao
393:Sahil
302:Isaaq
253:Islam
250:Sunni
166:Isaaq
113:Yemen
4356:2014
4328:2018
4160:2018
4149:PMID
4095:ISBN
4068:ISBN
4043:ISBN
3988:ISBN
3931:ISBN
3816:ISBN
3789:ISBN
3746:ISBN
3708:ISBN
3680:ISBN
3621:ISBN
3532:ISBN
3490:ISBN
3463:ISBN
3306:ISBN
3266:ISBN
2991:ISBN
2964:ISBN
2889:ISBN
2837:ISBN
2816:2016
2576:and
2531:and
1894:Ayub
1870:Muse
1733:and
1274:The
1233:flag
1221:Egal
1190:Egal
1168:Egal
1028:xeer
894:The
793:and
641:and
454:and
327:and
308:and
262:Awal
260:The
135:Oman
4141:doi
3381:doi
2912:484
2473:of
1833:Dir
1354:).
1344:SNM
1310:SNM
1263:SNM
1022:mag
935:In
849:or
761:of
497:in
430:of
419:in
4371::
4344:.
4318:.
4296:.
4274:.
4250:.
4210:^
4147:.
4137:27
4135:.
4131:.
3911:^
3839:.
3787:.
3744:.
3694:^
3445:^
3387:.
3375:.
3333:.
3329:.
3252:^
3125:.
3101:.
3072:.
3047:.
3023:.
2807:.
2803:.
2527:,
2523:,
2519:,
2423:,
1683:8
1662:7
1641:6
1615:5
1594:4
1573:3
1552:2
1543:)
1530:1
1324:.
1177:.
923:,
513:.
442:,
383:,
379:,
319:,
288::
284:,
280::
268:,
4358:.
4330:.
4260:.
4221:.
4187:.
4162:.
4143::
4103:.
4076:.
4051:.
3996:.
3939:.
3874:.
3850:.
3797:.
3754:.
3716:.
3688:.
3629:.
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