German invasion of Greece

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Ploești oil fields be destroyed were to a certain extent grounded in reality. However, the American historian Gerhard Weinberg noted: "...the enormous difficulties of air attacks on distant oil fields were not understood by either side at this time; it was assumed on both sides that even small air raids could bring about vast fire and destruction". Furthermore, the massive Italian defeats in the Balkans, the Horn of Africa and North Africa had pushed the Fascist regime in Italy to the brink of collapse by late 1940 with Mussolini becoming extremely unpopular with the Italian people. Hitler was convinced that if he did not rescue Mussolini, Fascist Italy would be knocked out of the war in 1941. Weinberg wrote the continuing Italian defeats "....could easily lead to the complete collapse of the whole system Mussolini had established, and this was recognized at the time; it is not hindsight from 1943". If Italy was knocked out of the war, then the British would be able to use the central Mediterranean again, and the governors of the French colonies in Africa loyal to the Vichy regime might switch their loyalties to the

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Division was to hold the village of Brallos. After the battle Mackay was quoted as saying "I did not dream of evacuation; I thought that we'd hang on for about a fortnight and be beaten by weight of numbers." When the order to retreat was received on the morning of 23 April, it was decided that the two positions were to be held by one brigade each. These brigades, the 19th Australian and 6th New Zealand were to hold the passes as long as possible, allowing the other units to withdraw. The Germans attacked at 11:30 on 24 April, but met fierce resistance, lost 15 tanks and sustained considerable casualties. The Allies held out the entire day; with the delaying action accomplished, they retreated in the direction of the evacuation beaches and set up another rearguard at Thebes. The Panzer units launching a pursuit along the road leading across the pass made slow progress because of the steep gradient and difficult hairpin bends.

2137: 1808: 2073: 1414:. The overall command was to be retained by Papagos and the Greek and British commands agreed to fight a delaying action in the north-east. The British did not move their troops, because General Wilson regarded them as too weak to protect such a broad front. Instead, he took a position some 65 kilometres (40 miles) west of the Axios, across the Haliacmon Line. The two main objectives in establishing this position were to maintain contact with the Hellenic army in Albania and to deny German access to Central Greece. This had the advantage of requiring a smaller force than other options, while allowing more preparation time, but it meant abandoning nearly the whole of Northern Greece, which was unacceptable to the Greeks for political and psychological reasons. The line's left flank was susceptible to flanking from Germans operating through the 1350: 305: 8833: 8710: 8576: 8456: 187: 1933:, which suffered heavy losses in the process. Later that day, a German armoured regiment arrived and struck the coastal and inland flanks of the battalion, but the New Zealanders held. After being reinforced during the night of the 15th–16th, the Germans assembled a tank battalion, an infantry battalion and a motorcycle battalion. The infantry attacked the New Zealanders' left company at dawn, while the tanks attacked along the coast several hours later. The New Zealanders soon found themselves enveloped on both sides, after the failure of the Western Macedonia Army to defend the Albanian town of Korça that fell unopposed to the 2865:. Adding 500–1,000 stragglers who reached Crete, Titterton estimates that "the numbers that left Greece and reached Crete or Egypt, including British and Greek troops, must have been around 51,000." Gavin Long (part of Australia's official history of World War II) gives a figure around 46,500, while, according to W. G. McClymont (part of New Zealand's official history of World War II), 50,172 soldiers were evacuated. McClymont points out that "the differences are understandable if it is remembered that the embarkations took place at night and in great haste and that among those evacuated there were Greeks and refugees." 1590:. Their strategy was to create a diversion through the campaign in Albania, thus stripping the Hellenic Army of manpower for the defence of their Yugoslavian and Bulgarian borders. By driving armoured wedges through the weakest links of the defence chain, penetrating Allied territory would not require substantial armour behind an infantry advance. Once Southern Yugoslavia was overrun by German armour, the Metaxas Line could be outflanked by highly mobile forces thrusting southward from Yugoslavia. Thus, possession of Monastir and the Axios valley leading to Thessaloniki became essential for such an outflanking maneuver. 2085:—erupted. The Greek 13th and Cavalry Divisions lacked the equipment necessary to fight against an armoured unit, and on 15 April were finally encircled and overwhelmed. On 18 April, General Wilson in a meeting with Papagos, informed him that the British and Commonwealth forces at Thermopylai would carry on fighting till the first week of May, providing that Greek forces from Albania could redeploy and cover the left flank. On 21 April, the Germans advanced further and captured Ioannina, the final supply route of the Greek Epirus Army. Allied newspapers dubbed the Hellenic army's fate a modern-day 972: 8999: 8903: 8785: 281: 270: 258: 246: 9095: 8611: 8515: 292: 151: 2118:, to arrange a surrender to the Germans alone." On strict orders from Hitler, negotiations were kept secret from the Italians and the surrender was accepted. Outraged by this decision, Mussolini ordered counter-attacks against the Greek forces, which were repulsed, but at some cost to the defenders. The Luftwaffe intervened in the renewed fighting, and Ioannina was practically destroyed by Stukas. It took a personal representation from Mussolini to Hitler to organize Italian participation in the armistice that was concluded on 23 April. Greek soldiers were not rounded up as 963: 165: 1869:

of the swift advance of the mobile units, his 12th Army was now in a favourable position to access central Greece by breaking the Greek build-up behind the Axios river. On the basis of this estimate, List requested the transfer of the 5th Panzer Division from First Panzer Group to the XL Panzer Corps. He reasoned that its presence would give additional punch to the German thrust through the Monastir Gap. For the continuation of the campaign, he formed an eastern group under the command of XVIII Mountain Corps and a western group led by XL Panzer Corps.

328: 1051:. Although Greece was neutral until the Italian invasion, the British troops that were sent as defensive aid created the possibility of a frontier to the German southern flank. Hitler's principal fear was that British aircraft based in Greece would bomb the Romanian oil fields, which was one of Germany's most important sources of oil. As Hitler was already seriously considering launching an invasion of the Soviet Union the next year, this increased the importance of Romanian oil as once Germany was at war with the Soviet Union, Romania would be the 212: 56: 2946: During the night of 6 April 1941, while the German invasion had already begun, the Yugoslavs informed the Greeks that they would implement the plan: they would attack the Italian troops in the morning of the next day at 6:00 a.m. At 3:00 a.m. of 7 April, the 13th division of the Greek Epirus Army attacked the Italian troops, occupied two heights and captured 565 Italians (15 officers and 550 soldiers). Nevertheless, the Yugoslav offensive would not take place and on 8 April, the Greek headquarters ordered the pause of the operation. 2042:'s XL Corps captured the Florina-Vevi Pass on 11 April, but unseasonal snowy weather then halted his advance. On 12 April, he resumed the advance, but spent the whole day fighting Brigadier Charrington's 1st Armoured Brigade at Proastion. It was not until 13 April that the first Greek elements began to withdraw toward the Pindus mountains. The Allies' retreat to Thermopylae uncovered a route across the Pindus mountains by which the Germans might flank the Hellenic army in a rearguard action. An elite SS formation—the 1626: 14079: 2927:

enable them to plead extenuating circumstances in justification of their aggression against a small nation, already entangled in a war against a Great Power. But, irrespective of the presence or absence of British troops in the Balkans, German intervention would have taken place firstly because the Germans had to secure the right flank of the German Army which was to operate against Russia according to the plans already prepared in autumn 1940 and secondly because the possession of the southern part of the

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through the campaign in Greece to influence the political atmosphere in the United States and insisted on this strategy even after the defeat. According to Keegan, "the Greek campaign had been an old-fashioned gentlemen's war, with honor given and accepted by brave adversaries on each side" and the vastly outnumbered Greek and Allied forces, "had, rightly, the sensation of having fought the good fight". It has also been suggested the British strategy was to create a barrier in Greece to protect

2553: 2004:, the struggle for the Pineios Gorge, was over when German armoured infantry crossed the river on floats and 6th Mountain Division troops worked their way around the New Zealand battalion, which was subsequently dispersed. On 19 April, the first XVIII Mountain Corps troops entered Larissa and took possession of the airfield, where the British had left their supply dump intact. The seizure of ten truckloads of rations and fuel enabled the spearhead units to continue without ceasing. The port of 1852:, Arpalouki, Paliouriones, Perithori, Karadag, Lisse and Istibey—held until the Germans occupied Thessaloniki on 9 April, at which point they surrendered under General Bakopoulos' orders. Nevertheless, minor isolated fortresses continued to fight for a few days more and were not taken until heavy artillery was used against them. This gave time for some retreating troops to evacuate by sea. Although eventually broken, the defenders of the Metaxas Line succeeded in delaying the German advance. 1147:, likewise gave his approval to redeploy the New Zealand division from Egypt to Greece, despite his fears of another Gallipoli. As he put it in a telegram to Churchill, he "could not contemplate the possibility of abandoning the Greeks to their fate" which "would destroy the moral basis of our cause". The weather in the winter of 1940–41 seriously delayed the build-up of German forces in Romania and it was only in February 1941 that the Wehrmacht's Twelfth Army commanded by Field Marshal 200: 339: 2158: 1190: 2636: 225: 1458: 9168: 2821:

concluded that the Balkan Campaign had no influence on the launching of Operation Barbarossa. According to Robert Kirchubel, "the main causes for deferring Barbarossa's start from 15 May to 22 June were incomplete logistical arrangements and an unusually wet winter that kept rivers at full flood until late spring." This does not answer whether in the absence of these problems the campaign could have begun according to the original plan. Keegan writes:

1118:, asked the United Kingdom for nine fully equipped divisions and corresponding air support. The British responded that all they could offer was the immediate dispatch of a token force of less than divisional strength. This offer was rejected by the Greeks, who feared that the arrival of such a contingent would precipitate a German attack without giving them meaningful assistance. British help would be requested if and when German troops crossed the 2261: 1941: 2224:

your hearts, live inspired with the fire of her latest triumph and the glory of our army. Greece will live again and will be great, because she fought honestly for a just cause and for freedom. Brothers! Have courage and patience. Be stout hearted. We will overcome these hardships. Greeks! With Greece in your minds you must be proud and dignified. We have been an honest nation and brave soldiers.

1820:"was repulsed in the Rupel Pass despite strongest air support and sustained considerable casualties". Two German battalions managed to get within 600 ft (180 m) of Fort Rupel on 6 April, but were practically destroyed. Of the 24 forts that made up the Metaxas Line, only two had fallen and only after they had been destroyed. In the following days, the Germans pummelled the forts with 2198:("POL"), several thousand tons of ammunition, ten trucks loaded with sugar and ten truckloads of other rations in addition to various other equipment, weapons and medical supplies. The people of Athens had been expecting the Germans for several days and confined themselves to their homes with their windows shut. The previous night, Athens Radio had made the following announcement: 1509:, while the Australian division blocked the Haliacmon valley up to the Vermion range. The RAF continued to operate from airfields in Central and Southern Greece, but few planes could be diverted to the theatre. The British forces were near to fully motorised, but their equipment was more suited to desert warfare than to Greece's steep mountain roads. They were short of tanks and 1750:. On 9 April, the Zetska Division advanced towards Shkodër and the Yugoslav cavalry regiment reached the Drin River, but the Kosovska Division had to halt its advance due to the appearance of German units near Prizren. The Yugoslav-Greek offensive was supported by S.79K bombers from the 66th and 81st Bomber Groups of the VVKJ, that attacked airfields and camps around 1713:

Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. On 7 April, the Yugoslav 3rd Army in the form of five infantry divisions (13th "Hercegovacka", 15th "Zetska", 25th "Vardarska", 31st "Kosovska" and 12th "Jadranska" Divisions, with the "Jadranska" acting as the reserve), after a false start due to the planting of a bogus order, launched a counteroffensive in northern Albania, advancing from

2910: According to Buckley, Mussolini preferred that the Greeks would not accept the ultimatum but that they would offer some kind of resistance. Buckley writes, "documents later discovered showed that every detail of the attack had been prepared... His prestige needed some indisputable victories to balance the sweep of Napoleonic triumphs of Nazi Germany." 1486:. By this time, Greek forces defending the Bulgarian border totalled roughly 70,000 men (sometimes labelled the "Greek Second Army" in English and German sources, although no such formation existed). The remainder of the Greek forces—14 divisions (often erroneously referred to as the "Greek First Army" by foreign sources)—was committed in Albania. 811:, on 27 April and Greece's southern shore on 30 April, capturing 7,000 British, Australian and New Zealand personnel and ending the battle with a decisive victory. The conquest of Greece was completed with the capture of Crete a month later. Following its fall, Greece was occupied by the military forces of Germany, Italy and Bulgaria. 1921:, the new line offered far greater defensive strength. The defences of the Olympus and Servia passes consisted of the 4th New Zealand Brigade, 5th New Zealand Brigade and the 16th Australian Brigade. For the next three days, the advance of the 9th Panzer Division was stalled in front of these resolutely held positions. 1696:. Despite many delays along the mountain roads, an armoured advance guard dispatched toward Thessaloniki succeeded in entering the city by the morning of 9 April. Thessaloniki was taken after a long battle with three Greek divisions under the command of General Bakopoulos, and was followed by the surrender of the Greek 2838:

wrote that the German invasion of the Balkans "helped conceal Barbarossa" from the Soviet leadership, and contributed to the German success in achieving strategic surprise and that while the Balkans operations contributed to delays in launching Barbarossa, these acted to discredit Soviet intelligence

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Freyberg and Blamey also had serious doubts about the feasibility of the operation but failed to express their reservations and apprehensions. The campaign caused a furore in Australia, when it became known that when General Blamey received his first warning of the move to Greece on 18 February 1941,

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You are listening to the voice of Greece. Greeks, stand firm, proud and dignified. You must prove yourselves worthy of your history. The valor and victory of our army has already been recognised. The righteousness of our cause will also be recognised. We did our duty honestly. Friends! Have Greece in

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river; by dusk, they had reached the western exit of the Pineios Gorge, suffering only light casualties. Macky was informed that it was "essential to deny the gorge to the enemy until 19 April even if it meant extinction". He sank a crossing barge at the western end of the gorge once all his men were

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We did not then know that he was already deeply set upon his gigantic invasion of Russia. If we had we should have felt more confidence in the success of our policy. We should have seen that he risked falling between two stools and might easily impair his supreme undertaking for the sake of a Balkan

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VIII crossed the Danube river into Bulgaria. The lack of bridges on the Danube capable of carrying heavy supplies on the Romanian-Bulgarian frontier forced Wehrmacht engineers to build the necessary bridges in wintertime, imposing major delays. By 9 March 1941, the 5th and 11th Panzer Divisions were

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to Malta, in effect closing the Suez canal as the British were forced to supply their forces in Egypt via the long Cape route around Africa. The British had made liberating Italian East Africa a priority to end the possibility of Italian naval and air attacks on British shipping in the Red Sea, which

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s only source of oil, at least until the Wehrmacht presumably captured the Soviet oil fields in the Caucasus. As the British were indeed contemplating using the Greek air fields to bomb the Romanian oil fields, Hitler's fears that his entire war machine might be paralyzed for a lack of oil should the

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The United Kingdom was obliged to assist Greece by the Declaration of 13 April 1939, which stated that in the event of a threat to Greek or Romanian independence, "His Majesty's Government would feel themselves bound at once to lend the Greek or Romanian Government... all the support in their power."

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towards the Nestos river. Both divisions arrived the next day. On 9 April, the Greek forces defending the Metaxas Line capitulated unconditionally following the collapse of Greek resistance east of the Axios river. In a 9 April estimate of the situation, Field Marshal List commented that as a result

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were drafted, as well as changes to the plans for Greece. The coup d'état in Belgrade greatly assisted German planning as it allowed the Wehrmacht to plan an invasion of Greece via Yugoslavia. The American historians Allan Millett and Williamson Murray wrote from the Greek perspective, it would have

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Menzies had approved the plan. The proposal had been accepted by a meeting of the War Cabinet in London at which Menzies was present but the Australian Prime Minister had been told by Churchill that both Freyberg and Blamey approved of the expedition. On 5 March, in a letter to Menzies, Blamey said

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to discuss evacuation plans with certain responsible officers. Nevertheless, the British could not at this stage adopt or even mention this course of action; the suggestion had to come from the Greek Government. The following day, Papagos made the first move when he suggested to Wilson that W Force

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As early as 16 April, the German command realised that the British were evacuating troops on ships at Volos and Piraeus. The campaign then took on the character of a pursuit. For the Germans, it was now primarily a question of maintaining contact with the retreating British forces and foiling their

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was married to a Greek princess and refused the German request for transit rights to invade Greece. King Boris III of Bulgaria had long-standing territorial disputes with Greece, and was more open to granting transit rights to the Wehrmacht in exchange for a promise to have the parts of Greece that

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wrote in 2012 about the current thinking of historians with regard to delays caused by German attacks in the Balkans that "most accept that it made little difference" to the eventual outcome of Barbarossa. US Army analyst Richard Hooker Jr., calculates that the 22 June start date of Barbarossa was

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asked the British government to recognise its mistaken strategy in Greece. Buckley countered that if the United Kingdom had not honoured its 1939 commitment to Greece, it would have severely damaged the ethical basis of its struggle against Nazi Germany. According to Heinz Richter, Churchill tried

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At least eighty percent of the British forces were evacuated from eight small southern ports. This was made possible with the help of the Royal and Greek Navies. Twenty-six ships, twenty-one of which were Greek, were destroyed by air bombardment The small but efficient Greek Navy now passed under

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at 11:00 on 10 April. German SS troops seized Vevi on 11 April, but were stopped at the Klidi Pass just south of town. During the next day, the SS regiment reconnoitered the Allied positions and at dusk launched a frontal attack against the pass. Following heavy fighting, the Germans broke through

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General Dill described Papagos' attitude as "unaccommodating and defeatist" and argued that his plan ignored the fact that Greek troops and artillery were capable of only token resistance. The British believed that the Greek rivalry with Bulgaria—the Metaxas Line was designed specifically for war

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rejected the Gibraltar attack. Consequently, Germany's offensive in southern Europe was restricted to the Greek campaign. The Armed Forces High Command issued Directive No. 20 on 13 December 1940, outlining the Greek campaign under the code designation Operation Marita. The plan was to occupy the

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Modern analysts believe that the Italian campaign failed because Mussolini and his generals initially allocated insufficient resources to the campaign (an expeditionary force of 55,000 men), failed to reckon with the autumn weather, attacked without the advantage of surprise and without Bulgarian

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and de Guingand point out that the delay of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union was not among the United Kingdom strategic goals and as a result the possibility of such a delay could not have affected its decisions about Operation Marita. In 1952, the Historical Branch of the UK Cabinet Office

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Under heavy German diplomatic pressure, Prince Paul had Yugoslavia join the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941, but with a proviso that Yugoslavia would not grant transit rights to the Wehrmacht to attack Greece. As the Metaxas Line protected the Greek–Bulgarian border, the Wehrmacht generals much

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to deploy significant forces to the Horn of Africa while defending Egypt lessened the number of Commonwealth forces available to go to Greece. Although the performance of the Italian armed forces had been less than impressive, from the German perspective denying the British access to the central

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did not receive adequate troop reinforcements and was quickly overrun by the Germans, who then outflanked the Greek forces at the Albanian border, forcing their surrender. British, Australian and New Zealand forces were overwhelmed and forced to retreat, with the ultimate goal of evacuation. For

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This, incidentally, disposes of the German assertion that they were forced to attack us only in order to expel the British from Greece, for they knew that, if they had not marched into Bulgaria, no British troops would have landed in Greece. Their assertion was merely an excuse on their part to

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was to cover the withdrawal of Savige Force to Larissa and thereafter the withdrawal of the 6th Division under whose command it would come; overseeing the withdrawal of Allen Force which was to move along the same route as the New Zealand Division. The British, Australian and New Zealand forces

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The Germans had to break the Metaxas line, in order to capture Thessaloniki, Greece's second-largest city and a strategically important port. The attack started on 6 April with one infantry unit and two divisions of the XVIII Mountain Corps. Due to strong resistance, the first day of the attack

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had not consulted him on his war policy and wished to establish his independence. He hoped to match German military success by taking Greece, which he regarded as an easy opponent. On 15 October 1940, Mussolini and his closest advisers finalised their decision. In the early hours of 28 October,

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The Greek campaign ended with a complete German and Italian victory. The British did not have the military resources to carry out large simultaneous operations in both North Africa and the Balkans. Even if they had been able to block the Axis advance, they would have been unable to exploit the

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The 5th Mountain Division, together with the reinforced 125th Infantry Regiment, crossed the Struma river under great hardship, attacking along both banks and clearing bunkers until they reached their objective on 7 April. Heavy casualties caused them to temporarily withdraw. The 72nd Infantry

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On 13 April 1941, Hitler issued Directive No. 27, including his occupation policy for Greece. He finalized jurisdiction in the Balkans with Directive No. 31 issued on 9 June. Mainland Greece was divided between Germany, Italy and Bulgaria, with Italy occupying the bulk of the country (see map

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To allow an evacuation of the main body of British forces, Wilson had ordered the rearguard to make a last stand at the historic Thermopylae pass, the gateway to Athens. General Freyberg's 2nd New Zealand Division was given the task of defending the coastal pass, while Mackay's 6th Australian

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and Greece for the following January. On 17 November 1940, Metaxas proposed a joint offensive in the Balkans to the British government, with Greek strongholds in southern Albania as the operational base. The British were reluctant to discuss Metaxas' proposal, because the troops necessary for

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In early April 1941, Greek, Yugoslav and British commanders met to set in motion a counteroffensive, that planned to completely destroy the Italian army in Albania in time to counter the German invasion and allow the bulk of the Greek army to take up new positions and protect the border with

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preliminary. This is what actually happened, but we could not know that at the time. Some may think we builded rightly; at least we builded better than we knew at the time. It was our aim to animate and combine Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey. Our duty so far as possible was to aid the Greeks.

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By 30 April the evacuation of about 50,000 soldiers was completed, but was heavily contested by the German Luftwaffe, which sank at least 26 troop-laden ships. The Germans captured around 8,000 Empire (including 2,000 Cypriot and Palestinian) and Yugoslav troops in Kalamata who had not been

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In the aftermath, historians would measure its significance in terms of the delay Marita had or had not imposed on the unleashing of Barbarossa, an exercise ultimately to be judged profitless, since it was the Russian weather, not the contingencies of subsidiary campaigns, which determined

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valley in case of a German attack across their territory. During this meeting, Papagos stressed the importance of a joint Greco-Yugoslavian offensive against the Italians, as soon as the Germans launched their offensive. By 24 April more than 62,000 Empire troops (British, Australians, New

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from Romania into Bulgaria. The Greek leader, General Metaxas, did not particularly want British forces on the mainland of Greece as he feared it would lead to a German invasion of his country and during the winter of 1940–41 secretly asked Hitler if he was willing to mediate an end to the

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Mediterranean by stationing Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine forces in Italy made it crucial to keep Italy in the war. Hitler ordered his Army General Staff to attack Northern Greece from bases in Romania and Bulgaria in support of his master plan to deprive the British of Mediterranean bases.

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General Wilson described this unwillingness to retreat as "the fetishistic doctrine that not a yard of ground should be yielded to the Italians." Churchill also criticized the Greek Army commanders for ignoring British advice to abandon Albania and avoid encirclement. Lieutenant-General

947:. Greece did not have a substantial armaments industry and its equipment and ammunition supplies increasingly relied on stocks captured by British forces from defeated Italian armies in North Africa. To man the Albanian battlefront, the Greek command was forced to withdraw forces from 2962:(he was not CIGS until November 1941) noted in his diary (11 November) that "are we again going to have Salonica supporters like the last war. Why will politicians never learn the simple principle of concentration of force at the vital point, and the avoidance of dispersal of effort?" 1353:

Winston Churchill believed it was vital for the United Kingdom to take every measure possible to support Greece. On 8 January 1941, he stated that "there was no other course open to us but to make certain that we had spared no effort to help the Greeks who had shown themselves so

2499:. The fighting on the Peloponnese consisted of small-scale engagements with isolated groups of British troops who had been unable to reach the evacuation point. The attack came days too late to cut off the bulk of the British troops in Central Greece, but isolated the Australian 2778:. Martin van Creveld believes that the British government did everything in their power to scuttle all attempts at a separate peace between the Greeks and the Italians, in order to ensure the Greeks would keep fighting and thus draw Italian divisions away from North Africa. 2033:

of the Greek army operating in Albania was reluctant to retreat. By the middle of March, especially after the Tepelene offensive, the Greek army had suffered, according to British estimates, 5,000 casualties, and it was fast approaching the end of its logistical tether.

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near the Yugoslav border. The fortifications were designed to garrison over 200,000 troops but there were only about 70,000 and the infantry garrison was thinly spread. Some 950 men under the command of Major Georgios Douratsos of the 14th Division defended Fort Roupel.

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had been better if the Yugoslav coup d'état had not taken place as it would have forced the Wehrmacht to assault the Metaxas Line without the option of outflanking the Metaxas Line by going through Yugoslavia. On 6 April, both Greece and Yugoslavia were to be attacked.

2861: Sources do not agree on the exact number of the soldiers the British Empire managed to evacuate. According to British sources, 50,732 soldiers were evacuated. But of these, according to G.A. Titterton, 600 men were lost in the troopship (the former Dutch liner) 2787:

that "the plan is, of course, what I feared: piecemeal dispatch to Europe" and the next day he called the operation "most hazardous". Thinking that he was agreeable, the Australian Government had already committed the Australian Imperial Force to the Greek Campaign.

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Wilson faced the prospect of being pinned by Germans operating from Thessaloniki, while being flanked by the German XL Panzer Corps descending through the Monastir Gap. On 13 April, he withdrew all British forces to the Haliacmon river and then to the narrow pass at

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Italian Ambassador Emanuele Grazzi presented Metaxas with a three-hour ultimatum, demanding free passage for troops to occupy unspecified "strategic sites" within Greek territory. Metaxas rejected the ultimatum (the refusal is commemorated as Greek national holiday

1238:—the successor of Metaxas, who had died on 29 January 1941—and Papagos took place in Athens on 22 February, where it was decided to send an expeditionary force of British and other Commonwealth forces. German troops had been massing in Romania and on 1 March, 2815:

Bradley and Buell conclude that "although no single segment of the Balkan campaign forced the Germans to delay Barbarossa, obviously the entire campaign did prompt them to wait." On the other hand, Richter calls Eden's arguments a "falsification of history".

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The quarrel over the troops' victorious entry into Athens was a chapter to itself: Hitler wanted to do without a special parade, to avoid injuring Greek national pride. Mussolini, alas, insisted on a glorious entry into the city for his Italian troops. The

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support. Elementary precautions such as issuing winter clothing had not been taken. Mussolini had not considered the warnings of the Italian Commission of War Production, that Italy would not be able to sustain a full year of continuous warfare until 1949.

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Following the Italian invasion on 28 October 1940, Greece, with British air and material support, repelled the initial Italian attack and a counter-attack in March 1941. When the German invasion, known as Operation Marita, began on 6 April, the bulk of the

10543: 2064:, where the Greek 20th Division covering the Greek withdrawal, fought in a determined manner, delaying Stumme's advance practically a whole day. The withdrawal extended across the entire Albanian front, with the Italians in hesitant pursuit. On 15 April, 9185: 1606:. With only nine days left before their final deployment, every hour became valuable and each fresh assembly of troops took time to mobilise. By the evening of 5 April, the forces intended to enter southern Yugoslavia and Greece had been assembled. 1005:

I wanted, above all, to ask you to postpone the operation until a more favourable season, in any case until after the presidential election in America. In any event I wanted to ask you not to undertake this action without previously carrying out a

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and had subsequently returned to the mainland, was given the mission of outflanking the British rearguard. The motorcycle troops encountered only slight resistance and on the morning of 27 April 1941, the first Germans entered Athens, followed by

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A ruined castle dominated the ridge across which the coastal pass led to Platamon. During the night of 15 April, a German motorcycle battalion supported by a tank battalion attacked the ridge, but the Germans were repulsed by the New Zealand

1139:, arrived in London on 20 February to discuss the deployment of Australian troops from Egypt to Greece, and reluctantly gave his approval on 25 February. Like many other Australians of his generation, Menzies was haunted by the memory of the 920:. Neither a change in Italian command nor the arrival of substantial reinforcements improved the position of the Italian army. On 13 February, General Papagos, the Commander-in-Chief of the Greek army, opened a new offensive, aiming to take 1406:

with Bulgaria—as well as their traditionally good terms with the Yugoslavs—left their north-western border largely undefended. Despite their awareness that the line was likely to collapse in the event of a German thrust from the Struma and

2808:, Hitler said that "if the Italians hadn't attacked Greece and needed our help, the war would have taken a different course. We could have anticipated the Russian cold by weeks and conquered Leningrad and Moscow. There would have been no 1060:

headed by Charles de Gaulle. As Hitler had plans to ultimately use the French colonies in Africa as bases for the war against the United Kingdom, the potential loss of Vichy control over its African empire was seen as a problem by him.

1325:; another was along the Yugoslav-Bulgarian border, via the Struma river valley to the south. Greek border fortifications had been adapted for the terrain and a formidable defence system covered the few available roads. The Struma and 2145:

evacuation plans. German infantry divisions were withdrawn due to their limited mobility. The 2nd and 5th Panzer Divisions, the 1st SS Motorised Infantry Regiment and both mountain divisions launched a pursuit of the Allied forces.

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and his government left the Greek mainland for Crete, which was attacked by Nazi forces on 20 May 1941. The Germans employed parachute forces in a massive airborne invasion and attacked the three main airfields of the island in

2897:, "the almost immediate setbacks of the Italians only served to heighten Hitler's displeasure. What enraged the Führer most was that his repeated statements of the need for peace in the Balkans had been ignored by Mussolini." 912:, where they failed to break the defensive line and were forced to halt. Within three weeks, the Greek army launched a counter-offensive, during which it marched into Albanian territory, capturing significant cities such as 1597:

led to a sudden change in the plan of attack and confronted the Twelfth Army with a number of difficult problems. According to the 28 March Directive No. 25, the Twelfth Army was to create a mobile task force to attack via

1688:. On 7 April, a Yugoslav counter-attack against the division's northern flank was repelled, and the following day, the division forced its way across the mountains and overran the thinly manned defensive line of the Greek 2113:

writes that Tsolakoglou "was so determined... to deny the Italians the satisfaction of a victory they had not earned that... he opened quite unauthorised parley with the commander of the German SS division opposite him,

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lay practically undefended and transportation of British troops to the city remained dangerous. Papagos proposed to take advantage of the area's terrain and prepare fortifications, while also protecting Thessaloniki.

2692:

situation by a counter-thrust across the Balkans. The British came very near to holding Crete and perhaps other islands that would have provided air support for naval operations throughout the eastern Mediterranean.

1909:. On 14 April, the 9th Panzer Division established a bridgehead across the Haliacmon river, but an attempt to advance beyond this point was stopped by intense Allied fire. This defence had three main components: the 1649:, severing an important rail line between Belgrade and Thessaloniki and isolating Yugoslavia from its allies. On the evening of 9 April, Stumme deployed his forces north of Monastir, in preparation for attack toward 9433: 935:

on the centre of the front on 9 March 1941, which failed, despite the Italians' superior forces. After one week and 12,000 casualties, Mussolini called off the counter-offensive and left Albania twelve days later.

6279:

Operation Demon. The story of the evacuation of British Commonwealth troops from mainland Greece and the tragic loss of the Dutch troopship Slamat and HM destroyers Diamond and Wryneck in April 1941. (World War

2068:

fighters attacked the (RHAF) base at Paramythia, 50 kilometres (30 mi) south of Greece's border with Albania, destroying or putting out of action 17 VVKJ aircraft that had recently arrived from Yugoslavia.

1481:

and the Greek border. The Yugoslav troops were not fully mobilised and lacked adequate equipment and weapons. Following the entry of German forces into Bulgaria, the majority of Greek troops were evacuated from

1397:—by then a symbol of national security to the Greek populace—and not withdraw divisions from Albania. He argued that to do so would be seen as a concession to the Italians. The strategically important port of 2843:

agrees that "other factors were more important" as regards the delaying of Barbarossa, but he also argues that the Panzer divisions, which had been in service during Operation Marita, "had to undergo refit".

9356: 2264:

In the morning of 15 April 1941, Wavell sent to Wilson the following message: "We must of course continue to fight in close cooperation with Greeks but from news here it looks as if early further withdrawal

2100:—accepted the hopelessness of the situation and offered to surrender his army, which then consisted of fourteen divisions. Papagos condemned Tsolakoglou's decision to capitulate, although lieutenant general 2018:

It is impossible for me to understand why the Greek Western Army does not make sure of its retreat into Greece. The Chief of the Imperial Staff states that these points have been put vainly time after time.

2208:

yielded to the Italian demand and together the German and Italian troops marched into Athens. This miserable spectacle, laid on by our gallant ally, must have produced some hollow laughter from the Greeks.

2108:

had warned him a week earlier that morale in the Epirus Army was wearing thin, and combat stress and exhaustion had resulted in officers taking the decision to put deserters before firing squads. Historian

1745:

under General Tsolakoglou, comprising the 9th and 13th Greek Divisions, advanced in support of the Royal Yugoslav Army, capturing some 250 Italians on 8 April. The Greeks were tasked with advancing towards

9197: 2289:. In the evening, after telling the King that he felt he had failed him in the task entrusted to him, Prime Minister Koryzis committed suicide. On 21 April, the final decision to evacuate Empire forces to 2410:

in an effort to gain access to the isthmus from the west. Upon their arrival at 17:30 on 27 April, the SS forces learned that the paratroops had already been relieved by Army units advancing from Athens.

2080:

General Papagos rushed Greek units to the Metsovon pass where the Germans were expected to attack. On 14 April a pitched battle between several Greek units and the LSSAH brigade—which had by then reached

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characterised the campaign in Greece as a "political and sentimental decision". Eden rejected the criticism and argued that the UK's decision was unanimous and asserted that the Battle of Greece delayed

2804:, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. This is an argument that historians used to assert that Greek resistance was a turning point in World War II. According to film-maker and friend of Adolf Hitler 1984:

during the leapfrogging move to Thermopylae. Mackay's force was assigned the flanks of the New Zealand Division as far south as an east–west line through Larissa and to oversee the withdrawal through

1135:, had hopes of reviving the Salonika front strategy and opening a second front in the Balkans that would tie down German forces and deprive Germany of the Romanian oil. The Australian prime minister, 1887:. The 5th Panzer Division, advancing from Skopje encountered a Greek division tasked with defending Monastir Gap, rapidly defeating the defenders. First contact with Allied troops was made north of 1513:

and the lines of communication across the Mediterranean were vulnerable, because each convoy had to pass close to Axis-held islands in the Aegean; despite the British Royal Navy's domination of the

10076: 2920: According to the United States Army Center of Military History, the Greeks informed the Yugoslavs of this decision and they in turn made it known to the German Government. Papagos writes: 955:, because Greek forces could not protect Greece's entire border. The Greek command decided to support its success in Albania, regardless of the risk of a German attack from the Bulgarian border. 1095:

by March 1941 and to seize the entire Greek mainland, if necessary. To attack Greece would require going through Yugoslavia and/or Bulgaria. The Regent of Yugoslavia for the boy king Peter II,

1378:

could be stopped by a relatively small number of troops positioned in the high Pindus mountains, the northeastern part of the country was difficult to defend against an attack from the north.

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implementing the Greek plan would seriously endanger operations in North Africa. In December 1940, German ambitions in the Mediterranean underwent considerable revision when Spain's General

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commanding the eastern end of the Mediterranean was of great strategic importance for Germany's plan of attacking the United Kingdom and the line of Imperial communications with the East.

2899:

Nevertheless, Hitler had given Mussolini the green light to attack Greece six months earlier, acknowledging Mussolini's right to do as he saw fit in his acknowledged sphere of influence.

1980:

On 16 April, Wilson met Papagos at Lamia and informed him of his decision to withdraw to Thermopylae. Lieutenant-General Thomas Blamey divided responsibility between generals Mackay and

6740: 1840:

across the mountains. Its advance was delayed by a shortage of pack animals, medium artillery and mountain equipment. Only on the evening of 9 April did it reach the area north-east of

1799:, 14th and 18th Infantry divisions. The line ran for about 170 km (110 mi) along the river Nestos to the east and then further east, following the Bulgarian border as far as 10066: 2273:, the commander of British Army forces in the Middle East, when in Greece from 11 to 13 April had warned Wilson that he must expect no reinforcements and had authorised Major General 1733:

and captured the village of Koljegcava in the Valbonë River Valley, and the 31st "Kosovska" Division, supported by Savoia-Marchetti S.79K bombers from the 7th Bomber Regiment of the

9180: 14135: 2248:, refusing to hand it to the invaders, wrapped himself in it, and jumped off the Acropolis. Whether the story was true or not, many Greeks believed it and viewed the soldier as a 1828:

and reinforced the 125th Infantry Regiment. Finally, a 7,000 ft (2,100 m) high snow-covered mountainous passage considered inaccessible by the Greeks was crossed by the

2008:, at which the British had re-embarked numerous units during the prior few days, fell on 21 April; there, the Germans captured large quantities of valuable diesel and crude oil. 456:

Statistics about the strength and casualties of Italy and Greece refer to both the Greco-Italian War and the Battle of Greece (at least 300,000 Greek soldiers fought in Albania).

584: 1773:

then advanced upon the Yugoslav fleet base of Kotor in Montenegro, also occupying Cettinje and Podgorica. The Yugoslavs lost 30,000 men captured in the Italian counterattacks.

829:

has accused Hitler of trying to deflect blame for his country's defeat from himself to his ally, Italy. It nevertheless had serious consequences for the Axis war effort in the

10129: 1765:

Between 11 and 13 April 1941, with German and Italian troops advancing on its rear areas, the Zetska Division was forced to retreat back to the Pronisat River by the Italian

10124: 10044: 9909: 1064:

Furthermore, after Italy entered the war in June 1940, the danger of Axis air and naval attacks had largely closed the central Mediterranean to British shipping except for

9328: 2617:. The occupation of Greece – during which civilians suffered terrible hardships, many dying from privation and hunger – proved to be a difficult and costly task. Several 1435:. The German command again coupled ground troops and armour with air support and rapidly drove into the territory. Once Thessaloniki was captured, Athens and the port of 12650: 9792: 2306:

should obtain endorsement by Greek Government of Papagos' request. Consequent upon this assent, evacuation should proceed, without however prejudicing any withdrawal to

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was sent to Greece to prepare for the evacuation. That day Wilson hastened to Athens where he attended a conference with the King, Papagos, d'Albiac and Rear admiral

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forces in anticipation of the German attack. The Greek army found itself outnumbered in its effort to defend against both Italian and German troops. As a result, the

14001: 12019: 10707: 1641:. The XL Panzer Corps began their assault at 05:30. They pushed across the Bulgarian frontier into Yugoslavia at two separate points. By the evening of 8 April, the 636: 616: 2375:

ran aground in shallow waters close to Nafplio. Because of this event, the Germans realised that the evacuation was also taking place from the ports of the eastern

2330:. Winston says "We will lose only 5,000 in Greece." We will in fact lose at least 15,000. W. is a great man, but he is more addicted to wishful thinking every day. 10114: 9828: 2326:

Little news from Greece, but 13,000 men got away to Crete on Friday night and so there are hopes of a decent percentage of evacuation. It is a terrible anxiety...

1410:

rivers, the British eventually acceded to the Greek command. On 4 March, Dill accepted the plans for the Metaxas line and on 7 March agreement was ratified by the

12339: 2740:

in December 1941), considered intervention in Greece to be "a definite strategic blunder", as it denied Wavell the necessary reserves to complete the conquest of

2089:. Historian and former war-correspondent Christopher Buckley – when describing the fate of the Hellenic army – stated that "one experience a genuine Aristotelian 11942: 11914: 11058: 9383: 1329:

rivers cut across the mountain range along the Greek-Bulgarian frontier and both of their valleys were protected by strong fortifications, as part of the larger

2834:

sufficient for the Germans to advance to Moscow by mid-August, and he says that the victories in the Balkans raised the morale of the German soldier. Historian

14185: 13980: 12659: 12346: 11480: 9883: 8072:

Kitsikis, Dimitri (July–September 1967). "La Grèce entre l'Angleterre et l'Allemagne, de 1936 à 1941" [Greece between England & Germany, 1936–41].

505: 14160: 12962: 12325: 11634: 11259: 10134: 14140: 11975: 11921: 11107: 9318: 8336: 2495:, from where most Allied units had already begun to evacuate, they reached the south coast on 29 April, where they were joined by SS troops arriving from 928:

with British air support but the Greek divisions encountered stiff resistance, stalling the offensive that practically destroyed the Cretan 5th Division.

12432: 11928: 11544: 7339: 577: 2812:". Despite his reservations, Field Marshall Brooke seems also to have conceded that the Balkan Campaign delayed the offensive against the Soviet Union. 14145: 10954: 10149: 9878: 646: 9388: 12318: 11765: 11641: 10538: 10119: 9192: 1883:

By the morning of 10 April, the XL Panzer Corps had finished its preparations for the continuation of the offensive and advanced in the direction of

14150: 11618: 10998: 10219: 9823: 2593:, including most of Crete. They also occupied Florina, which was claimed by both Italy and Bulgaria. The Bulgarians occupied territory between the 779: 1172:

preferred the idea of attacking Greece via Yugoslavia instead of Bulgaria. During a hasty meeting of Hitler's staff after the unexpected 27 March

12055: 11367: 9843: 2672:. By 1 June 1941, the evacuation was complete and the island was under German occupation. In light of the heavy casualties suffered by the elite 2430: 2169:, where they erected a last obstacle in front of Athens. The motorcycle battalion of the 2nd Panzer Division, which had crossed to the island of 1069:

assumed greater importance because of the dangers posed to British shipping in the central Mediterranean. In turn, the decision by Field Marshal

1010:

operation on Crete. For this purpose I intended to make practical suggestions regarding the employment of a parachute and an airborne division.

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Damage from the German bombing of Piraeus on 6 April 1941. During the bombing, a ship carrying nitroglycerin was hit, causing a huge explosion

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The XXX Infantry Corps on the left wing reached its designated objective on the evening of 8 April, when the 164th Infantry Division captured

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and were allowed instead to go home after the demobilisation of their units, while their officers were permitted to retain their side arms.

12759: 12615: 12599: 12571: 11819: 11026: 9413: 833:. Enno von Rintelen, who was the military attaché in Rome, emphasises, from the German point of view, the strategic mistake of not taking 13516: 12583: 12495: 12439: 12402: 11684: 2975: 2660:. After seven days of fighting and tough resistance, Allied commanders decided that the cause was hopeless and ordered a withdrawal from 7102: 2136: 1807: 1143:, and was highly suspicious of another of Churchill's plans for victory in the Mediterranean. On 9 March, New Zealand's prime minister, 12488: 11220: 9773: 9666: 9408: 8207: 7859:

The Ciano Diaries, 1939–1943: The Complete, Unabridged Diaries of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1936–1943

2390:. The attack met with initial success, until a stray British shell destroyed the bridge. The 1st SS Motorised Infantry Regiment (named 498: 2732:

After the Allies' defeat, the decision to send British forces into Greece faced fierce criticism in the United Kingdom. Field Marshal

2072: 1370:

mountains offered many defensive opportunities. Air power was required to protect defending ground forces from entrapment in the many

1161:

The Yugoslav coup came suddenly out of the blue. When the news was brought to me on the morning of the 27th, I thought it was a joke.

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and field fortifications, constructed along the Bulgarian border in the late 1930s, was built on principles similar to those of the

13843: 11662: 11436: 11199: 11065: 10876: 10204: 9873: 9782: 8821: 8329: 8274: 3354: 2609:. Italian troops started occupying the Ionian and Aegean islands on 28 April. On 2 June, they occupied the Peloponnese; on 8 June, 1766: 1469:, Lieutenant General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson, commanding general of the Empire expeditionary force ('W' Force) and Major General 1452: 9797: 7614: 904:) but even before it expired, Italian troops had invaded Greece through Albania. The principal Italian thrust was directed toward 12738: 12535: 11572: 11072: 10984: 10920: 8227: 8179: 7690: 6034: 3421: 2523:

played an important part in the evacuation of the Allied forces to Crete and suffered heavy losses as a result. Churchill wrote:

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became principal targets. Piraeus, was virtually destroyed by bombing on the night of the 6/7 April. The loss of Piraeus and the

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brigade—was assigned the mission of cutting off the Greek Epirus Army's line of retreat from Albania by driving westward to the

12941: 12453: 11303: 10841: 10799: 10086: 1577:

16th Panzer Division, deployed behind the Turkish-Bulgarian border to support the Bulgarian forces in case of a Turkish attack.

7715: 5588: 5480: 5283: 2883:. Since Yugoslavia and Greece were situated within these spheres, Mussolini felt entitled to adopt whatever policy he saw fit. 13537: 13442: 12969: 12715: 12590: 11676: 11650: 11507: 11213: 11130: 10419: 8880: 8178:(Motion Picture) (in Greek). Athens: Service of Diplomatic and Historical Archives of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 8055: 7988: 7969: 7926: 7903: 7847: 7825: 7806: 7787: 7311: 7281: 7262: 7243: 7224: 7205: 7184: 7165: 7143: 7091: 7072: 7046: 7025: 7006: 6963: 6944: 6925: 6880: 6846: 6810: 6791: 6772: 6723: 6694: 6674: 6651: 6632: 6613: 6575: 6553: 6534: 6501: 6453: 6434: 6415: 6396: 6377: 6358: 6339: 6287: 6267: 6248: 6229: 6210: 6188: 6169: 6150: 6131: 6077: 6023: 5999: 5954: 5164: 2669: 1993: 1032:

that arrived in November 1940. With Greek government consent, British forces were dispatched to Crete on 31 October to guard

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The Ciano Diaries: the Complete, Unabridged Diaries of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1936–1943

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on 15 April, forcing the British to abandon the Mount Olympus position and resulting in the capture of 20,000 Greek troops.

1263:. On 3 April, during a meeting of British, Yugoslav and Greek military representatives, the Yugoslavs promised to block the 14180: 13770: 13177: 13063: 12228: 11695: 11691: 11669: 11273: 10742: 10056: 8772: 7939:(1971). "Information et décision: la Grèce face à l'invasion allemande dans les Balkans, 13 décembre 1940 – 6 avril 1941". 6475: 5259: 2528:

British control ... Thereafter, the Greek Navy represented with distinction in many of our operations in the Mediterranean.

1981: 872: 5604: 1431:" methods that had proved successful during the invasions of Western Europe. Their effectiveness was confirmed during the 13685: 13149: 12481: 12467: 11680: 10051: 8322: 8026:. New Zealand in the Second World War. Vol. II. Wellington, NZ: War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs. 5136: 5104: 2737: 2695:

In enumerating the reasons for the complete Axis victory in Greece, the following factors were of greatest significance:

1837: 4257: 474:

Statistics about German casualties refer to the Balkans Campaign as a whole and are based on Hitler's statements to the

13894: 13763: 13641: 13219: 12934: 12885: 12643: 12198: 11450: 11289: 11137: 10991: 9678: 8086: 2165:

After abandoning the Thermopylae area, the British rearguard withdrew to an improvised switch position to the south of

1754:, as well as the port of Durrës, and Italian troop concentrations and bridges on the Drin and Buene rivers and Durrës, 1642: 1501:

Infantry Divisions—were put under the command of General Wilson, who established his headquarters to the north-west of

2302:

We cannot remain in Greece against wish of Greek Commander-in-Chief and thus expose country to devastation. Wilson or

1665:. While weak security detachments covered his rear against a surprise attack from central Yugoslavia, elements of the 1341:. Its strength resided mainly in the inaccessibility of the intermediate terrain leading up to the defence positions. 1230:

to resume negotiations with the Greek government. A meeting attended by Eden and the Greek leadership, including King

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Following a March conference in Athens, the British believed that they would combine with Greek forces to occupy the

944: 11165: 7740: 5811: 5088: 3116: 1676:(XVIII Mountain Corps) entered Yugoslavia from the east on the morning of 6 April and advanced westward through the 14047: 13205: 13142: 12277: 12113: 11236: 10081: 9333: 8930: 8497: 6998: 1816:

yielded little progress in breaking the line. A German report at the end of the first day described how the German

1737:(VVKJ), broke through the Italian positions in the Drin River Valley. The "Vardarska" Division, due to the fall of 877: 11790: 5453: 4710: 4694: 4631: 3825: 13571: 13412: 13401: 13237: 12996: 12955: 12848: 12786: 12173: 11443: 11312: 11280: 9440: 9055: 8358: 7445: 6868: 2484: 1893: 1673: 1498: 1494: 755: 754:(May 1941) came after Allied forces had been defeated in mainland Greece. These battles were part of the greater 515: 11960: 11528: 5120: 4970: 4926: 4538: 13957: 13929: 13807: 13600: 12837: 12288: 12214: 12010: 11381: 11100: 11005: 10890: 10453: 10439: 10071: 10039: 9756: 9552: 9454: 8850: 8845: 8598: 8588: 7670: 7349: 6958:. Italo-German Relations in Mediterranean Europe. transl by Adrian Belton. London: Cambridge University Press. 4843: 4678: 4241: 4225: 4193: 3558: 3502: 1796: 1788: 1742: 1697: 1490: 43: 17: 5827: 5302: 5243: 5043: 5015: 4954: 4726: 1349: 14170: 14017: 13950: 13901: 13832: 13657: 13163: 13114: 12878: 12871: 12474: 12235: 12026: 11079: 10736: 10267: 9858: 9043: 7353: 5858: 4647: 4606: 4566: 4510: 3674: 2044: 735: 4443: 4301: 4273: 4209: 4177: 4030: 4002: 3942: 1769:, where it remained until the end of the campaign on 16 April. The Italian armoured division along with the 14165: 14091: 13987: 13362: 13323: 12242: 12077: 12062: 11989: 11968: 11786: 11464: 11250: 11243: 11227: 10938: 10897: 10869: 10784: 10446: 10183: 9787: 9568: 9476: 9366: 9172: 8915: 8685: 8019: 3518: 2307: 2131: 1970: 1926: 1540: 1285: 666: 7406:

Sadkovich, James J. (July 1993). "The Italo-Greek War in Context: Italian Priorities and Axis Diplomacy".

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German air supremacy combined with the inability of the Greeks to provide the RAF with adequate airfields;

1418:

Gap in Yugoslavia. The rapid disintegration of the Yugoslav Army and a German thrust into the rear of the

1156:

concentrated on the Bulgarian–Turkish border to deter Turkey, Greece's Balkan Pact ally from intervening.

943:

During the six-month fight against Italy, the Hellenic army made territorial gains by eliminating Italian

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capable of accommodating the movement of large military units. Two invasion courses were located west of

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area south-west of the gorge and were ordered to hold the western exit possibly for three or four days.

14130: 13852: 13348: 13267: 13212: 13100: 13056: 12706: 12332: 12256: 12158: 12035: 11907: 11900: 11860: 11833: 11565: 11498: 11093: 10904: 10834: 10712: 10692: 10467: 10434: 10429: 9323: 8670: 8537: 2386:, with the double aim of cutting off the British line of retreat and securing their own way across the 2282: 1782: 1078: 611: 539: 1173: 14120: 13754: 13671: 13456: 13316: 13288: 13121: 12816: 12249: 11323: 10977: 10328: 10311: 10299: 9777: 9751: 9746: 8966: 8409: 7369:

Lawlor, Sheila (December 1982). "Greece, March 1941: The Politics of British Military Intervention".

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van Creveld, Martin (1972). "In the Shadow of Barbarossa: Germany and Albania, January–March 1941".

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Absence of a unified command and lack of cooperation between the British, Greek and Yugoslav forces;

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pass and from there to Ioannina. On 13 April, attack aircraft from 21, 23 and 33 Squadrons from the

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was taken and Wavell – in confirmation of verbal instructions – sent his written orders to Wilson.

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to reach Thessaloniki and breach the Metaxas Line, some 60,000 Greek soldiers were taken prisoner.

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During a meeting of British and Greek military and political leaders in Athens on 13 January 1941,

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opposite). German forces occupied the strategically more important areas of Athens, Thessaloniki,

2343:

5,200 men, mostly from the 5th New Zealand Brigade, were evacuated on the night of 24 April, from

2310:

in co-operation with the Greek Army. You will naturally try to save as much material as possible.

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river. Papagos awaited clarification from the Yugoslav government and later proposed to hold the

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Greece's mountainous terrain favored a defensive strategy, while the high ranges of the Rhodope,

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Sadkovich, James J. (October 1994). "Anglo-American bias and the Italo-Greek War of 1940–1941".

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van Creveld, Martin (1974). "Prelude to Disaster: The British Decision to Aid Greece, 1940–41".

5821: 5269: 5130: 5098: 4980: 4853: 4720: 4704: 4688: 4641: 13607: 13500: 13302: 13253: 13156: 13049: 13019: 12802: 12690: 12416: 12207: 11798: 11779: 11749: 11296: 11266: 9635: 9521: 9516: 9303: 9299: 9136: 7639:"Events Marking the Anniversary of the Liberation of the City of Athens from Occupation Troops" 7580: 6763:

Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan Reed (2000). "Diversions in the Mediterranean and Balkans".

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he was worried but had not informed the Australian Government. He had been told by Wavell that

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Pilavios, Konstantinos (director); Tomai, Fotini (text & presentation) (28 October 2010).

6871:: United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: 14098: 13821: 13664: 13560: 13530: 13486: 13226: 13191: 13184: 13107: 13005: 12446: 12423: 12270: 11881: 11418: 11158: 11144: 10827: 10702: 10587: 10570: 10477: 10338: 9996: 9848: 9630: 9361: 9224: 8762: 8675: 8195: 7321: 7118: 7036: 6888: 5868: 5840: 5474: 5312: 5253: 5058: 5025: 4964: 4936: 4736: 4660: 4625: 4576: 4548: 4520: 4456: 4311: 4283: 4251: 4235: 4219: 4203: 4187: 4047: 4012: 3952: 3880: 3835: 3687: 3571: 3528: 3512: 3300: 2520: 2241: 2001: 1878: 1525: 1510: 1297: 1177: 971: 875:. Greece was subject to increasing pressure from Italy, culminating in the Italian submarine 799:

several days, Allied troops played an important part in containing the German advance on the

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was part of a convoy evacuating about 3,000 British, Australian and New Zealand troops from

2351:, while the 4th New Zealand Brigade remained to block the narrow road to Athens, dubbed the 13922: 13777: 13428: 13385: 13355: 13281: 13091: 13070: 11996: 11473: 11151: 10750: 10613: 10472: 10224: 10209: 9471: 9234: 8737: 8483: 8424: 7344: 2809: 2801: 2233: 2097: 1729:. On 8 April, the Yugoslav vanguard, the "Komski" Cavalry Regiment crossed the treacherous 818: 626: 9011: 8223: 8145:

Sadkovich, James J. (May 1994). "Italian Morale during the Italo-Greek War of 1940–1941".

7947:] (in French). Paris: Centre national de la Recherche scientifique. pp. 181–209. 6052: 1521:

problems were aggravated by the limited availability of shipping and Greek port capacity.

1043:

Hitler decided to intervene on 4 November 1940, four days after British troops arrived at

8: 14040: 13814: 13692: 13648: 13170: 12304: 12070: 11597: 11427: 11411: 11360: 10764: 10608: 10550: 10384: 10379: 10343: 9966: 9924: 9914: 9730: 9573: 9537: 9511: 9486: 9338: 9313: 9279: 9274: 9244: 8855: 8722: 8593: 8258: 2880: 2762: 2644: 2274: 2229: 2061: 2030: 1962: 1680:

Valley. It encountered little resistance, but was delayed by road clearance demolitions,

1666: 1535:—was charged with the execution of Operation Marita. His army was composed of six units: 1466: 1415: 1231: 1037: 962: 771: 695: 463: 8282: 7981:

Tobacco, Arms and Politics: Greece and Germany from World Crisis to World War, 1929–1941

7158:

Swastika over the Acropolis: Re-interpreting the Nazi Invasion of Greece in World War II

6897:

Mussolini als Bundesgenosse. Erinnerungen des deutschen Militärattachés in Rom 1936–1943

14033: 13866: 13791: 13745: 13715: 13623: 13463: 13128: 13012: 12906: 12857: 12795: 12551: 12502: 12311: 11935: 11590: 11388: 10555: 10409: 10389: 10011: 9986: 9971: 9583: 9506: 9501: 9264: 9254: 9249: 9229: 9126: 8727: 8473: 8434: 8133: 7622: 7549: 7523: 7515: 7478: 7470: 7431: 7394: 7195: 6663: 6511: 6485: 2817: 2796: 2683:

would dub Crete "the graveyard of the German paratroopers" and a "disastrous victory."

2621:

launched guerrilla attacks against the occupying forces and set up espionage networks.

2488: 2387: 2053: 1949: 1918: 1730: 1684:

and mud. Nevertheless, the division was able to reach the day's objective, the town of

1440: 1371: 1334: 1293: 1269: 1235: 1140: 1111: 1107: 948: 826: 690: 309: 8175: 7962:

Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936–41: a Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas

7698: 3427: 3053: 14024: 13908: 13798: 13738: 13699: 13632: 13614: 13580: 13523: 13477: 13421: 13246: 12984: 12976: 12913: 12766: 12360: 11892: 11353: 11332: 11042: 10729: 10687: 10628: 10580: 10560: 10363: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10139: 10109: 10006: 10001: 9961: 9956: 9904: 9838: 9833: 9715: 9695: 9578: 9308: 9294: 9289: 9131: 9016: 8920: 8837: 8714: 8628: 8580: 8460: 8404: 8399: 8370: 8051: 8027: 8006: 7984: 7965: 7948: 7922: 7899: 7879: 7862: 7843: 7835: 7821: 7802: 7783: 7674: 7554: 7527: 7507: 7482: 7462: 7435: 7423: 7398: 7386: 7307: 7299: 7277: 7258: 7239: 7220: 7201: 7180: 7161: 7139: 7110: 7087: 7068: 7042: 7021: 7002: 6986: 6959: 6940: 6921: 6904: 6876: 6856: 6842: 6825: 6806: 6787: 6768: 6744: 6719: 6702: 6670: 6647: 6628: 6609: 6571: 6549: 6530: 6497: 6471: 6449: 6430: 6411: 6392: 6373: 6354: 6335: 6329: 6302: 6283: 6263: 6244: 6225: 6206: 6198: 6184: 6165: 6146: 6127: 6109: 6092: 6073: 6044: 6019: 5995: 5973: 5950: 5931: 2586: 2454: 2447: 2093:, an awe-inspiring sense of the futility of all human effort and all human courage." 2065: 1314: 1215: 1124: 851: 747: 731: 529: 304: 192: 9026: 6865:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941)

2702:

The bulk of the Greek army was occupied fighting the Italians on the Albanian front.

1944:

Australian anti-tank gunners resting, soon after their withdrawal from the Vevi area

803:

position, allowing ships to be prepared to evacuate the units defending Greece. The

55: 13943: 13936: 13880: 13544: 13309: 13295: 13198: 13135: 13086: 12899: 12752: 12699: 12509: 12460: 12374: 11604: 11581: 11114: 10272: 10144: 9725: 9720: 9710: 9700: 9662: 9269: 9259: 9112: 9094: 9062: 8665: 8623: 8615: 8610: 8527: 8519: 8514: 8492: 8414: 8389: 8154: 8125: 8102: 7936: 7723: 7544:"Transportation Of The Army To Greece And Evacuation Of The Army From Greece, 1941" 7499: 7454: 7415: 7378: 6013: 5287: 2928: 2805: 2618: 2395: 2382:

On 25 April the Germans staged an airborne operation to seize the bridges over the

2303: 2119: 2101: 1974: 1934: 1930: 1677: 1629:

German advance until 9 April 1941, when the 2nd Panzer Division seized Thessaloniki

1587: 1470: 1386: 1252: 1100:

he coveted. In January 1941, Bulgaria granted the transit rights to the Wehrmacht.

1087: 1070: 1029: 888: 822: 685: 343: 105: 11123: 7084:

A Life of Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham: A Twentieth-Century Naval Leader

6688: 5989: 1625: 1614: 13966: 13678: 13593: 13551: 13449: 13392: 13260: 13042: 13033: 12562: 12144: 12120: 11374: 10618: 10565: 10518: 10505: 10214: 9991: 9981: 9976: 9951: 9853: 9496: 9284: 9021: 8690: 8502: 8468: 8254: 7919:

Hitler's political testament. The Bormann dictations from February and April 1945

7891: 7153: 6122:

Carlton, Eric (1992). "Selective Control: Nazi non-Eastern Occupation Policies".

2771: 2630: 2465: 1571: 1546: 1477:

The Fifth Yugoslav Army took responsibility for the south-eastern border between

1411: 1359: 1081:

issued Directive No. 18, in which they scheduled simultaneous operations against

1022: 857: 751: 678: 551: 14078: 9888: 9066: 8224:"A Great Risk in a Good Cause, Australians in Greece and Crete April – May 1941" 7597: 6588:(1979). "Prelude to the Attack on Russia, 1940–1941". In Görlitz, Walter (ed.). 2708:

Inadequacy of British expeditionary forces, since the force available was small;

1586:

The German plan of attack was influenced by their army's experiences during the

1443:

would fatally compromise withdrawal and evacuation of British and Greek forces.

13973: 13509: 13435: 11487: 11346: 9818: 9705: 9491: 9481: 9107: 9075: 9038: 8867: 8749: 8532: 8249: 8158: 7658: 7503: 7458: 7419: 6585: 6463: 2840: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2359:), the few RAF squadrons left Greece (D'Albiac established his headquarters in 2335: 2215: 2166: 2105: 1989: 1914: 1658: 1483: 1419: 1273: 1264: 1245: 1136: 952: 783: 459: 316: 205: 8305:

The Fate of the Jews in South-Eastern Europe During the First Years of the War

7382: 7109:. Part III. Washington, DC: Army Center of Military History. pp. 70–118. 7038:

The withered vine: logistics and the communist insurgency in Greece, 1945–1949

5429: 2875: On two preceding occasions Hitler had agreed that the Mediterranean and 2552: 2464:

in Crete another Ju 87 attack sank them both. The total number of deaths from

1557: 14114: 13784: 11709: 11558: 11397: 10623: 10603: 10061: 9595: 8802: 8767: 8547: 8314: 8031: 7952: 7915:

Hitlers politisches Testament. Die Bormann Diktate vom Februar und April 1945

7558: 7511: 7466: 7427: 7390: 7114: 6901:

Mussolini as an ally. Memories of the German military attaché in Rome 1936–43

6325: 6321: 6009: 5985: 5926:

Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord (2001). Danchev, Alex; Todman, Daniel (eds.).

5664: 2830: 2741: 2516: 2435: 2383: 2286: 2115: 2086: 1529: 1506: 1478: 1462: 1367: 1318: 1115: 1065: 1026: 767: 332: 296: 291: 285: 170: 10052:

Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)

6113: 6048: 2157: 1189: 14083: 13887: 12187: 12092: 11723: 11086: 10850: 10771: 10358: 9204: 9122: 9117: 9031: 9003: 8998: 8925: 8907: 8902: 8807: 8797: 8789: 8784: 8552: 8542: 8010: 7998: 7960:

Panayiotis, Jerasimof Vatikiotis (1998). "Metaxas Becomes Prime Minister".

6990: 6908: 6829: 6748: 6706: 6593: 5977: 3195: 2983: 2835: 2750: 2745: 2680: 2635: 2496: 2425: 2399: 2279: 2039: 1992:

and Zarkos Forces and finally of Lee Force; Brigadier Harold Charrington's

1550: 1532: 1398: 1394: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1223: 1148: 1144: 1132: 896: 814: 795: 743: 739: 280: 274: 269: 257: 250: 245: 156: 60: 47: 7883: 7866: 6096: 6068:

Bradley, John N.; Buell, Thomas B. (2002). "Why Was Barbarossa Delayed?".

4084: 3614: 2711:

Poor condition of the Hellenic Army and its shortages of modern equipment;

1300:. Air Commodore Sir John D'Albiac commanded British air forces in Greece. 13722: 13708: 13370: 12046: 11867: 11852: 11206: 10575: 10199: 9612: 9050: 7748: 7719: 6973:

Sampatakakis, Theodoros (2008). "From the Invasion to the Capitulation".

6956:

Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation During the Second World War

6601: 6563: 2775: 2774:) country standing between the Axis bloc in the Balkans and the oil-rich 2733: 2606: 2403: 2376: 2348: 2344: 2327: 2110: 2096:

On 20 April, the commander of Greek forces in Albania—Lieutenant General

1913:

tunnel area between Olympus and the sea, the Olympus pass itself and the

1906: 1845: 1832:, which reached the rail line to Thessaloniki on the evening of 7 April. 1825: 1693: 1407: 800: 791: 759: 141: 9607: 8107: 5076: 4380: 3270: 2839:

reports which accurately predicted the initially planned invasion date.

2278:

be withdrawn. Wilson informed Middle East Headquarters and on 17 April,

1218:

aspired to reestablish a Balkan Front comprising Yugoslavia, Greece and

998: 921: 13077: 12830: 12809: 11702: 11035: 10963: 9418: 9082: 8308: 8137: 7340:"'The World Will Hold Its Breath': Reinterpreting Operation Barbarossa" 6684: 2959: 2602: 2245: 1514: 1457: 1427: 1322: 1194: 1092: 7519: 7474: 6743:. Wellington, NZ: War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs. 6427:

Before Stalingrad : Barbarossa - Hitler's Invasion of Russia 1941

3200: 2487:

units to pursue the Allied forces across the Peloponnese. Driving via

2483:

The erection of a temporary bridge across the Corinth canal permitted

1917:

pass to the south-east. By channelling the attack through these three

1751: 917: 782:, creating a second front. Greece received a small reinforcement from 774:, then a vassal of Italy, from which the Italian troops had attacked. 746:. The Italian invasion in October 1940, which is usually known as the 13340: 12745: 12542: 12353: 12151: 12106: 2987: 2657: 2461: 2415: 2360: 2356: 2195: 2191: 2090: 1953:

across and set up defences. The 21st Battalion was reinforced by the

1821: 1722: 1681: 1634: 1518: 1390: 1382: 1256: 1240: 1227: 1128: 1127:, strongly supported by the chief of the Imperial General Staff, Sir 1104: 1082: 1033: 787: 775: 327: 217: 11627: 8129: 8089:[The Military and Political Crisis in Greece in April 1941] 7274:

Snakes in the Eagle's Nest: A History of Ground Attacks on Air Bases

5152: 4582: 4404: 3918: 2394:), assembled at Ioannina, thrust along the western foothills of the 2260: 2011: 1747: 1700:, taking effect at 13:00 on 10 April. In the three days it took the 1669:

drove westward to link up with the Italians at the Albanian border.

931:

After weeks of inconclusive winter warfare, the Italians launched a

14156:

Battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom

11611: 11339: 9373: 9167: 8087:"Η στρατιωτική και πολιτική κρίση στην Ελλάδα τον Απρίλιο του 1941" 2876: 2653: 2610: 2492: 2187: 2049: 1910: 1865: 1800: 1741:

was forced to halt its operations in Albania. In the meantime, the

1685: 1662: 1638: 1603: 1255:—the transportation of troops and equipment to Greece—began and 26 864: 861: 483: 4754: 3791: 3789: 2679:, Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. General 1940: 925: 913: 10671: 8176:"The Heroes Fight like Greeks—Greece during the Second World War" 7018:

German Elite Forces: 5th Gebrigsjager Division and Brandenburgers

6370:

Written on the Knee: A Diary from the Greek-Italian Front of WWII

4819: 2421: 2364: 2237: 2174: 2082: 1985: 1849: 1726: 1718: 1701: 1654: 1650: 1502: 1436: 1375: 1289: 1260: 1015:

Letter by Adolf Hitler addressed to Mussolini on 20 November 1940

901: 868: 562: 6995:

The Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa 1939–1942

6606:

Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions that Changed the World, 1940–1941

4392: 4329: 3858: 3161: 3159: 2029:

As the invading Germans advanced deep into Greek territory, the

1633:

At dawn on 6 April, the German armies invaded Greece, while the

12221: 10819: 9793:

Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)

9590: 9239: 8832: 8709: 8575: 8455: 6859:; Flynn, F. C.; Moloney, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2004) . 6741:

Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45

6351:

World War II German Military Studies: The Mediterranean Theater

3848: 3846: 3844: 3801: 3786: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3693: 3650: 2767: 2661: 2649: 2614: 2407: 2368: 2249: 2170: 1892:

the defence. By the morning of 14 April, the spearheads of the

1884: 1861: 1841: 1755: 1738: 1646: 1615:

Thrust across southern Yugoslavia and the drive to Thessaloniki

1363: 1219: 1119: 1048: 905: 892: 808: 7722:: Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd Te Oudehorne. Archived from 6349:

Detwiler, Donald S.; Burdick, Charles; Rohwer, Jurgen (1979).

6243:(3rd ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen and Unwin. 3908: 3906: 3018: 3016: 2056:(RHAF), attacked Italian positions in Albania. That same day, 1855: 1599: 1473:, commander of the New Zealand 2nd Division, in 1941 in Greece 12409: 7063:

Shores, Christopher F.; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (2008).

6124:

Occupation: The Policies and Practices of Military Conquerors

5846: 5772: 5209: 5207: 4871: 4526: 4317: 3156: 2391: 2294: 2290: 2005: 1759: 1714: 1044: 834: 7272:

Vick, Alan (1995). "The German Airborne Assault on Greece".

6920:(in Greek). transl by Kostas Sarropoulos. Athens: Govostis. 6570:. Non-Classics (reprint ed.). New York: Penguin Books. 5688: 3967:

Balkan Operations – Order of Battle – W-Force – 5 April 1941

3841: 3729: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 1176:

against the Yugoslav government, orders for the campaign in

10027: 9761: 6872: 5789: 5787: 5700: 5676: 5652: 5552: 5405: 5219: 5031: 4666: 4486: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3813: 3774: 3662: 3626: 3234: 3013: 2236:. According to the most popular account of the events, the 2183: 1961:. This force became known as "Allen force" after Brigadier 1888: 1313:

To enter Northern Greece, the German army had to cross the

27:

Invasion of Greece by Italy and Germany during World War II

6072:. The West Point Military History. Square One Publishers. 5576: 5383: 5381: 5204: 5192: 4127: 3717: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3028: 2363:, Crete) and some 10,200 Australian troops evacuated from 1248:

mobilised and took up positions along the Greek frontier.

1244:

forces began to move into Bulgaria. At the same time, the

1214:

Little more than a month later, the British reconsidered.

10708:

Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance

8244:"Judgement: The Aggression Against Yugoslavia and Greece" 6368:

Electrie, Theodore (2008). Helen Electrie Lindsay (ed.).

5487: 5485: 5483: 5354: 5003: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4742: 4018: 3705: 3454: 3258: 3137: 2512: 2140:

German artillery firing during the advance through Greece

10503: 6669:. European Dictatorships, 1918–1945. London: Routledge. 5784: 5724: 5506: 5504: 5318: 4993: 4991: 4989: 4914: 4902: 4831: 4554: 4474: 4433: 4431: 4416: 4356: 4139: 4101: 4099: 4058: 4056: 3930: 3886: 3466: 3378: 3337: 3335: 3178: 3176: 3174: 2511:

evacuated, while liberating many Italian prisoners from

2338:, Excerpts from his personal diary, 27 and 28 April 1941 14136:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Greece

10310: 6985: 5874: 5712: 5620: 5540: 5528: 5516: 5417: 5393: 5378: 5366: 5330: 5231: 4859: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4368: 4090: 3992: 3990: 3762: 3638: 3620: 3589: 3320: 3123: 3121: 3119: 11481:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

8204:

Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 1931–1941

6903:] (in German). Tübingen/Stuttgart: R. Wunderlich. 6466:(2014). "Greece Campaign". In David T. Zabecki (ed.). 6444:

Goldstein, Erik (1992). "Second World War 1939–1945".

6262:. Mazal Holocaust Collection. New York: Viking Adult. 5736: 5441: 5342: 5064: 4942: 4883: 4594: 4498: 4346: 4344: 4072: 3478: 3442: 3390: 3246: 3222: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 2460:

came to her aid, but as the two destroyers headed for

2424:

in the Peloponnese. As the convoy headed south in the

6490:

Hitlers Strategie. Politik und Kriegführung 1940–1941

6348: 5898: 5760: 5564: 5501: 4986: 4795: 4766: 4588: 4462: 4428: 4096: 3975: 3534: 3366: 3332: 3308: 3171: 3001: 2371:. 2,000 more men had to wait until 27 April, because 1653:. This position threatened to encircle the Greeks in 1581: 999:

Hitler's decision to attack and British aid to Greece

750:, was followed by the German invasion in April 1941. 7215:

Titterton, G. A. (2002). "British Evacuate Greece".

7136:

Kiev 1941: Hitler's Battle for Supremacy in the East

6386: 5832: 5830: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5180: 5082: 5050: 5048: 5046: 4807: 4778: 4652: 4650: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 3987: 3750: 3402: 1385:

Line—a short front facing north-eastwards along the

982:

Italian invasion and initial Greek counter-offensive

10516: 7777: 6646:. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. 5886: 5748: 4448: 4446: 4341: 4289: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 3679: 3677: 3563: 3561: 3546: 3085: 9798:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF) 7103:"The German Campaign in Greece (Operation Marita)" 7065:Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete, 1940–41 6662: 6527:Occupation and Resistance: The Greek Agony 1941–44 6070:The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean 3577: 3490: 3199: 2699:German superiority in ground forces and equipment; 1707: 1505:. The New Zealand division took position north of 1425:The German strategy was based on using so-called " 466:. British, Australian and New Zealand troops were 9774:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA) 7600:. Air of Authority: A History of RAF Organisation 7107:The German campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941) 7062: 6036:The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941) 4825: 4410: 4398: 4335: 3210: 2790: 2428:on the morning of 27 April, it was attacked by a 2319:s response to the Greek proposal on 17 April 1941 2012:Withdrawal and surrender of the Greek Epirus Army 1997:remained under attack throughout the withdrawal. 1948:The New Zealand battalion withdrew, crossing the 1864:. The 50th Infantry Division advanced far beyond 1539:First Panzer Group, under the command of General 14112: 9803:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD) 9543:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO) 8965: 8084: 7542:Admiral Sir Andrew B. Cunningham (19 May 1948). 7152: 7067:(2nd ed.). London: Grub Street Publishing. 5972:] (in German). Oldenburg, Berlin: Stalling. 4760: 4386: 3807: 3795: 3075: 3073: 3071: 1036:, enabling the Greek government to redeploy the 9783:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON) 6855: 6625:Operation Barbarossa 1941 (2): Army Group North 6408:The Kalamata Diary: Greece, War, and Emigration 5799: 4323: 2758:, which might have been concluded during 1941. 2727: 1556:XVIII Mountain Corps, under Lieutenant General 1021:The first British effort was the deployment of 908:. Hostilities with the Greek army began at the 9661: 8357: 8344: 8200:"President Roosevelt to King George of Greece" 7015: 6765:A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War 6387:Fafalios, Maria; Hadjipateras, Costas (1995). 5963: 4532: 3165: 2548:Military history of Greece during World War II 2255: 1184: 14186:Battles of World War II involving New Zealand 10835: 10298: 8330: 8226:. Department of Veterans' Affairs. May 2001. 8173: 6762: 6494:Hitler's Strategy. Politics & War 1940–41 6468:Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History 6299:Kia Kaha: New Zealand in the Second World War 6041:United States Army Center of Military History 5778: 3864: 3852: 3744: 3656: 3068: 2895:United States Army Center of Military History 2714:Inadequate port, road and railway facilities; 1563:XXX Infantry Corps, under Lieutenant General 1288:. The three formations later became known as 1276:etc.), had arrived in Greece, comprising the 1123:Italo-Greek war. The British prime minister, 578: 499: 221: 14161:Mediterranean Sea operations of World War II 7921:] (in German). Hamburg: Albrecht Knaus. 7778:Barber, Laurie; Tonkin-Covell, John (1990). 7581:"Balkan Operations – W-Force – 5 April 1941" 7255:Hitler's Strategy 1940–1941: The Balkan Clue 6981:] (in Greek). Athens: Ch. K. Tegopoulos. 6972: 6894: 6786:. The Slide to Disaster. London: Routledge. 6644:Churchill and the Politics of War, 1940–1941 6331:The Oxford Companion to the Second World War 6067: 5694: 5037: 4492: 3276: 2476:, 11 crew and eight evacuated soldiers from 1899: 1446: 970: 961: 388:United Kingdom, Australia & New Zealand: 77:(1 month, 3 weeks and 5 days) 14141:Battles of World War II involving Australia 10057:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN) 7645:. The Hellenic Radio (ERA). 12 October 2000 7489: 7442: 7297: 7252: 7174: 6934: 6889:Online 1956 edition via Hyperwar Foundation 6627:. Campaign 148. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 6162:Blitzkrieg in the Balkans & Greece 1941 5682: 5670: 5582: 5324: 4672: 4133: 3723: 3699: 3460: 2976:Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade 2190:. They captured intact large quantities of 1856:Capitulation of the Greek army in Macedonia 1570:L Infantry Corps, under Lieutenant General 1166:Hitler speaking to his Commanders-in-Chief 10842: 10828: 8337: 8323: 7959: 7001:. Vol. III. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 6713: 6516:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6484: 6159: 5925: 5213: 5198: 4362: 3264: 2723:The early collapse of Yugoslav resistance. 2597:and a line of demarcation running through 585: 571: 506: 492: 14146:Battles of World War II involving Germany 10251:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") 10110:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") 10033:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA) 8194: 8144: 8115: 8106: 7873: 7834: 7615:"More Maritime Disasters of World War II" 7405: 7238:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7214: 7138:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6824:(in Greek). Athens: J.M. Scazikis Alpha. 6732: 6622: 6443: 6219: 6197: 6178: 5852: 5793: 5730: 5638: 5610: 5594: 5491: 5360: 5170: 5142: 5110: 4748: 4560: 4263: 4117: 4062: 3897: 3876: 3831: 3423:More U-boat Aces Hunted down, 1941 Mar 16 3326: 3127: 2974: Although earmarked for Greece, the 2152: 1872: 147: 8071: 7935: 7890: 7815: 7306:. New York: Courier Dover Publications. 7233: 6836: 6543: 6496:] (in German) (3rd ed.). Bonn. 6405: 6367: 6320: 6301:. Auckland, NZ: Oxford. pp. 20–35. 6296: 6241:The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles 4920: 4908: 4374: 3819: 3780: 3768: 3668: 3644: 3632: 3608: 3240: 3228: 2982:were kept by Wavell in Egypt because of 2634: 2551: 2259: 2156: 2135: 2071: 1939: 1806: 1624: 1456: 1453:Order of battle for the Battle of Greece 1348: 1188: 183: 14151:Battles of World War II involving Italy 10082:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI) 10028:National Republican Greek League (EDES) 7983:. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. 7898:. transl Fred Taylor. Hamish Hamilton. 7697:. On War. 16 March 1941. Archived from 7657: 7595: 7541: 7081: 7034: 7016:Sharpe, Michael; Westwell, Ian (2008). 6953: 6915: 6819: 6800: 6781: 6767:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 6716:Australians at War: A Pictorial History 6600: 6524: 6257: 6121: 6103: 5947:Partisans and Guerrillas (World War II) 5880: 5718: 5706: 5658: 5626: 5546: 5534: 5522: 5423: 5411: 5399: 5387: 5372: 5348: 5336: 5265: 5237: 5225: 5186: 5158: 4948: 4865: 4600: 4504: 4437: 4422: 4145: 4078: 3936: 3552: 3484: 3472: 3448: 3396: 3384: 3372: 3341: 3314: 3252: 3150: 3034: 3007: 2446:and setting her on fire. The destroyer 2406:and crossed over to the Peloponnese at 2125: 161: 14: 14113: 12689: 12667:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 7997: 7912: 7796: 7713: 7368: 7338:Hooker, Richard D. Jr. (Spring 1999). 7337: 7320: 7193: 7133: 6641: 6584: 6562: 6462: 6424: 6143:The Defence and Fall of Greece 1940–41 6108:. Athens: P. Efstathiadis & Sons. 6008: 5984: 5964:Bathe, Rolf; Glodschey, Erich (1942). 5944: 5904: 5766: 5754: 5742: 5570: 5558: 5447: 5435: 5281: 5070: 4997: 4896: 4801: 4772: 4468: 4105: 4024: 3996: 3981: 3924: 3912: 3756: 3711: 3540: 3408: 3188: 3182: 3098: 3022: 752:German landings on the island of Crete 13538:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 12970:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 12616:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 12572:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 11677:Rape during the occupation of Germany 10823: 10800:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis? 10653: 10502: 10297: 10040:National and Social Liberation (EKKA) 9767:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN) 9762:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) 9660: 8964: 8356: 8318: 8085:Koliopoulos, Ioannis S. (1976–1977). 8017: 7945:The War in the Mediterranean, 1939–45 7856: 7799:Greece in World War II: To April 1941 7100: 6334:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6282:. Portishead, Bristol: Angela Young. 6276: 6238: 6086: 5510: 5009: 4091:Schreiber, Stegemann & Vogel 2008 3621:Schreiber, Stegemann & Vogel 2008 3216: 3202:Speech to the Reichstag on 4 May 1941 2076:Retreating Greek soldiers, April 1941 1787:The Metaxas Line was defended by the 1317:, which offered few river valleys or 991:14 November 1940 – 23 April 1941 989:Greek counter-offensive and stalemate 566: 487: 12660:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 11692:Rape during the liberation of France 10072:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ) 9844:Protests against labour mobilization 8182:from the original on 31 October 2010 7978: 7941:La guerre en Méditerranée, 1939–1945 7838:(1974). Rhodes James, Robert (ed.). 7553:. No. 38293. pp. 3041–53. 7271: 7217:The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean 6683: 6140: 6039:(reissue ed.). Washington, DC: 6032: 5994:(reissue ed.). Westview Press. 5991:Crete: The Battle and the Resistance 5892: 5864: 5836: 5817: 5470: 5308: 5249: 5126: 5094: 5054: 5021: 4976: 4960: 4932: 4877: 4849: 4837: 4813: 4789: 4732: 4716: 4700: 4684: 4656: 4637: 4621: 4572: 4544: 4516: 4480: 4452: 4350: 4307: 4295: 4279: 4247: 4231: 4215: 4199: 4183: 4043: 4008: 3948: 3683: 3583: 3567: 3524: 3508: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3110: 3052:, Hellenic Air Force, archived from 2537: 2468:was almost 1,000. Only 27 crew from 2355:by the New Zealanders. On 25 April ( 1657:and W Force in the area of Florina, 845: 513: 10261:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing") 8210:from the original on 14 August 2007 6979:Occupation and Resistance 1941–1945 6718:. Noble Park: The Five Mile Press. 6660: 6546:The Australian Army in World War II 6353:. Vol. VI. New York: Garland. 5949:. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books. 4589:Detwiler, Burdick & Rohwer 1979 3496: 3347: 2738:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 24: 12886:German invasion of the Netherlands 11166:Weather events during World War II 8039: 8005:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 7765: 7738: 7612: 7175:Svolopoulos, Konstantinos (1997). 6391:(in Greek). Athens: Efstathiadis. 6201:(1991) . "Yugoslavia and Greece". 5805: 3194: 3079: 3040: 2754:March offensive. It prolonged the 2624: 2228:The Germans drove straight to the 1637:began an intensive bombardment of 1609: 1582:German plan of attack and assembly 1374:. Although an invading force from 984:28 October – 18 November 1940 887:on 15 August 1940. Italian leader 871:—sought to maintain a position of 592: 25: 14197: 13517:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 10654: 9757:Union of People's Democracy (ELD) 8298: 6695:Australia in the War of 1939–1945 3282: 2639:German paratroopers land in Crete 1767:131st Armored Division "Centauro" 856:At the outbreak of World War II, 14077: 10849: 9166: 9093: 8997: 8901: 8866: 8831: 8783: 8748: 8708: 8609: 8574: 8513: 8454: 8359:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign 8230:from the original on 20 May 2009 8022:. In Kippenberger, H. K. (ed.). 7840:His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963 7780:Freyberg: Churchill's Salamander 7619:Historical Facts of World War II 7291: 6999:Germany and the Second World War 6548:. Elite 153. Osprey Publishing. 6181:Steel Fist: Tank Warfare 1939–45 5275: 5083:Fafalios & Hadjipateras 1995 2453:rescued about 600 survivors and 2000:On the morning of 18 April, the 1771:18th Infantry Division "Messina" 817:later blamed the failure of his 337: 326: 315: 303: 290: 279: 268: 256: 244: 223: 210: 198: 185: 163: 149: 54: 9752:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE) 9747:Communist Party of Greece (KKE) 9441:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos 8118:The Journal of Military History 7598:"Air Marshal Sir John D'Albiac" 7492:Journal of Contemporary History 7446:Journal of Contemporary History 7408:Journal of Contemporary History 7117:. DA Pam 20–260. Archived from 6869:History of the Second World War 6697:. Vol. II. Canberra, ACT: 6203:Memoirs of the Second World War 6051:. CMH Pub 104-4. Archived from 4826:Shores, Cull & Malizia 2008 4411:Shores, Cull & Malizia 2008 4399:Shores, Cull & Malizia 2008 4336:Shores, Cull & Malizia 2008 4151: 3958: 3414: 2720:Turkey's strict neutrality; and 1776: 1708:Greek-Yugoslav counteroffensive 13764:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 11474:Territorial changes of Germany 11382:Indonesian National Revolution 9553:Greek National Socialist Party 9548:National Union of Greece (EEE) 8851:Central Macedonia Army Section 8846:Eastern Macedonia Army Section 8599:Western Macedonia Army Section 7801:. Sunflower University Press. 7691:"More U-boat Aces Hunted down" 7671:Old Parliament House, Canberra 7350:United States Army War College 7257:. Cambridge University Press. 7041:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 6975:Katohi kai Antistasi 1941–1945 6822:The Battle of Greece 1940–1941 6089:Winston Churchill: A Biography 5438:, Crete, Battle of; George II. 2791:Impact on Operation Barbarossa 2686: 2664:. During the night of 24 May, 1789:Eastern Macedonia Army Section 1743:Western Macedonia Army Section 1698:Eastern Macedonia Army Section 1491:Central Macedonia Army Section 825:'s failed conquest of Greece. 126:by Germany, Italy and Bulgaria 13: 1: 13164:Japanese invasion of Thailand 13115:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 12879:German invasion of Luxembourg 11260:Mediterranean and Middle East 10268:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe 8167: 8065: 7535: 7200:. New York: Stein & Day. 6803:Albania in Occupation and War 6406:Faingold, Eduardo D. (2010). 6104:Buckley, Christopher (1984). 6087:Broad, Charlie Lewis (1958). 5913: 4159:"Disaster in Piraeus Harbour" 2668:were evacuated from Crete to 2045:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler 1308: 1197:, Egypt, embarking for Greece 1131:, and the Foreign Secretary, 1025:(RAF) squadrons commanded by 770:was on the Greek border with 467: 13071:Invasion of the Soviet Union 12760:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 12078:Independent State of Croatia 10130:Execution of Josef Salminger 8967:Occupation and collaboration 7035:Shrader, Charles R. (1999). 6820:Papagos, Alexandros (1949). 6596:. New York: Stein & Day. 6410:. Rowman & Littlefield. 6389:Greece 1940–41: Eyewitnessed 6297:Crawford, John, ed. (2000). 6220:Churchill, Winston (1991) . 6205:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 6091:. New York: Hawthorn Books. 6018:. New York: Back Bay Books. 5161:, pp. 566–567, 580–581. 4761:Stockings & Hancock 2013 4387:Stockings & Hancock 2013 3808:Stockings & Hancock 2013 3796:Stockings & Hancock 2013 3279:, pp. 90, 92–93, 98–99. 2995: 2966: 2950: 2938: 2912: 2902: 2885: 2867: 2853: 2728:Criticism of British actions 2666:George II and his government 2532: 2132:Battle of Thermopylae (1941) 1791:, led by Lieutenant General 1286:British 1st Armoured Brigade 819:invasion of the Soviet Union 7: 14181:April 1941 events in Europe 14055:End of World War II in Asia 13895:Western invasion of Germany 13402:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 13379:Second Battle of El Alamein 12949:Hundred Regiments Offensive 12921:Battle of the Mediterranean 12774:Italian invasion of Albania 10948:Air warfare of World War II 10504:Liberation and road to the 10166:Expulsion of Cham Albanians 9424:Jewish cemetery of Salonica 9275:Cephalonia (Acqui Division) 7842:. Chelsea House Publisher. 7816:Bosworth, R. J. B. (2002). 7573: 7331: 7298:Eggenberger, David (1985). 7179:(in Greek). Athens: Estia. 7156:; Hancock, Eleanor (2013). 6895:von Rintelen, Enno (1951). 6839:A Military History of Italy 6590:In the Service of the Reich 6277:Crabb, Brian James (2021). 3361:(timeline), World War-2.net 2256:Evacuation of Empire forces 1549:, under Lieutenant General 1422:position was not expected. 1344: 1185:British Expeditionary Force 1077:On 12 November, the German 86:Greece and southern Albania 75:6 April 1941 – 1 June 1941 10: 14202: 13981:Naval bombardment of Japan 13349:First Battle of El Alamein 13268:Battle of Christmas Island 13213:Japanese invasion of Burma 12977:Italian invasion of Greece 12893:German invasion of Belgium 12865:German invasion of Denmark 12838:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 12707:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 10971:Comparative military ranks 10737:Captain Corelli's Mandolin 10693:Holocaust Museum of Greece 9329:Larissa concentration camp 9324:Haidari concentration camp 8538:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca 8346:Greece during World War II 8159:10.1179/072924794794954323 8050:. Danbury: Grolier. 2000. 8048:The Encyclopedia Americana 8018:Wards, Ian McLean (1952). 7771: 7745:World War II Commemoration 7695:Chronology of World War II 7504:10.1177/002200947400900303 7459:10.1177/002200947200700313 7420:10.1177/002200949302800303 7304:An Encyclopedia of Battles 7253:van Crevald, Alan (1973). 7234:Weinberg, Gerhard (2005). 6937:Leni Riefenstahl: A Memoir 6935:Riefenstahl, Leni (1987). 6916:Richter, Heinz A. (1998). 6714:Macdougall, A. K. (2004). 6623:Kirchubel, Robert (2005). 6145:. Pen and Sword Military. 5945:Bailey, Robert H. (1979). 4533:Sharpe & Westwell 2008 3166:Bathe & Glodschey 1942 2986:'s successful thrust into 2826:Barbarossa's launch date. 2628: 2613:; and on 12 June, most of 2541: 2129: 1955:Australian 2/2nd Battalion 1876: 1783:Battle of the Metaxas Line 1780: 1618: 1450: 1333:. This system of concrete 1303: 1151:joined by the Luftwaffe's 849: 840: 14070: 13902:Bratislava–Brno offensive 13842: 13833:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 13570: 13457:Allied invasion of Sicily 13411: 13317:Aleutian Islands campaign 13289:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 13236: 13227:Greek famine of 1941–1944 13122:Second Battle of Changsha 13027:German invasion of Greece 12995: 12872:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 12847: 12785: 12680: 12561: 12287: 12197: 12045: 11748: 11739: 11497: 11322: 11214:North and Central Pacific 11175: 10937: 10930: 10857: 10721: 10698:Kalavryta Massacre Museum 10680: 10664: 10660: 10649: 10596: 10526: 10512: 10498: 10418: 10372: 10321: 10306: 10300:Greek government-in-exile 10293: 10238: 10192: 10178: 10158: 10097: 10020: 9944: 9937: 9910:5/42 Regiment dissolution 9897: 9811: 9739: 9688: 9677: 9673: 9656: 9623: 9561: 9530: 9464: 9453: 9434:Expropriation of property 9409:Bulgarian-occupied Greece 9399: 9347: 9217: 9164: 9091: 8995: 8986: 8977: 8973: 8960: 8899: 8864: 8829: 8820: 8781: 8746: 8706: 8699: 8658: 8645: 8607: 8572: 8565: 8511: 8452: 8445: 8382: 8369: 8365: 8352: 8020:"Panzer Attack in Greece" 7874:Ėrlikhman, Vadim (1946). 7820:. London: Hodder Arnold. 7747:. Grolier. Archived from 7383:10.1017/s0018246x00021294 7194:Thomas, David A. (1972). 7082:Simpson, Michael (2004). 6733:McClymont, W. G. (1959). 6425:Glantz, David M. (2003). 6258:Collier, Richard (1971). 6179:Cawthorne, Nigel (2003). 6033:Blau, George E. (1986) . 5779:Murray & Millett 2000 3865:Murray & Millett 2000 3853:Murray & Millett 2000 3745:Murray & Millett 2000 3657:Murray & Millett 2000 2879:were exclusively Italian 2544:Axis occupation of Greece 2058:heavy fighting took place 1929:under Lieutenant Colonel 1900:Olympus and Servia passes 1811:German infantry in Greece 1447:Defence and attack forces 1292:, after their commander, 1079:Armed Forces High Command 1058:French National Committee 716:German invasion of Greece 602: 525: 455: 404: 349: 237: 134: 124:Axis occupation of Greece 67: 53: 41: 36: 13494:Allied invasion of Italy 13471:Solomon Islands campaign 13220:Third Battle of Changsha 12817:First Battle of Changsha 12723:Second Sino-Japanese War 11663:German military brothels 11529:United States war crimes 10779:The 11th Day: Crete 1941 10534:National Bands Agreement 10395:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 10180:British Military Mission 9788:National Solidarity (EA) 9357:Greek economy, 1941–1944 9071:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller 8886:2nd New Zealand Division 8430:Italian spring offensive 7857:Ciano, Galeazzo (1946). 7352:: 150–64. Archived from 7197:Nazi Victory: Crete 1941 7177:The Greek Foreign Policy 6954:Rodogno, Davide (2006). 6661:Lee, Stephen J. (2000). 6160:Carruthers, Bob (2012). 5919: 5695:Bradley & Buell 2002 5673:, Greece (World War II). 4880:, pp. 218–219, 226. 4389:, pp. 153, 183–184. 3426:, On War, archived from 2847: 2795:In 1942, members of the 1735:Royal Yugoslav Air Force 1690:19th Mechanised Division 1282:New Zealand 2nd Division 13916:Second Guangxi campaign 13771:Philippines (1944–1945) 13275:Battle of the Coral Sea 13178:Fall of the Philippines 12824:Battle of South Guangxi 12730:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 12136:Italian Social Republic 10713:Thessaloniki War Museum 10405:Christodoulos Tsigantes 10400:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos 10230:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz 8891:6th Australian Division 8733:Konstantinos Bakopoulos 8479:Charalambos Katsimitros 8279:Australian War Memorial 7596:Barrass, M. B. (2013). 7300:"Greece (World War II)" 6837:Paoletti, Ciro (2007). 6782:Neville, Peter (2003). 6699:Australian War Memorial 6690:Greece, Crete and Syria 6642:Lawlor, Sheila (1994). 6544:Johnston, Mark (2013). 6529:. New York: Pella Pub. 6446:Wars and Peace Treaties 6183:. Arcturus Publishing. 5966:Der Kampf um den Balkan 2893: According to the 2579: Italian territory 2440:Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 2240:soldier on guard duty, 1844:. Most fortresses—like 1836:Division advanced from 1793:Konstantinos Bakopoulos 1489:On 28 March, the Greek 1461:Lieutenant General Sir 1278:6th Australian Division 1270:Palestine Pioneer Corps 1259:arrived at the port of 1193:Australian soldiers in 910:Battle of Elaia–Kalamas 730:), were the attacks on 110:The Holocaust in Greece 13501:Armistice of Cassibile 13303:Battle of Dutch Harbor 13254:Battle of the Java Sea 13157:Attack on Pearl Harbor 13057:Syria–Lebanon campaign 13050:Battle of South Shanxi 13020:Invasion of Yugoslavia 12803:Battle of the Atlantic 12417:Korean Liberation Army 12130:(until September 1943) 12087:(until September 1944) 12065:(until September 1944) 9889:Killing of Franz Krech 9636:Executions of Kokkinia 9522:Dionysios Papadongonas 9517:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos 8931:1st Parachute Division 8650:(April–May 1941) 8498:Dimitrios Papadopoulos 8196:Roosevelt, Franklin D. 8046:"Campaign in Greece". 8024:Episodes & Studies 7913:Hitler, Adolf (1981). 7716:"Slamat Commemoration" 7371:The Historical Journal 7276:. Santa Monica: Rand. 7134:Stahel, David (2012). 7101:Smith, A. C. (1986) . 7020:. London: Compendium. 6918:Greece in World War II 6801:Pearson, Owen (2006). 6608:. London: Allen Lane. 6525:Hondros, John (1983). 6372:. Mighty Media Press. 5284:"Slamat Commemoration" 3355:"Southern Europe 1940" 3298:"Greece, History of". 2828: 2756:North African campaign 2640: 2581: 2530: 2332: 2312: 2266: 2226: 2211: 2162: 2153:German drive on Athens 2141: 2077: 2021: 1988:to Thermopylae of the 1945: 1873:Breakthrough to Kozani 1812: 1643:73rd Infantry Division 1630: 1621:Invasion of Yugoslavia 1528:—under the command of 1474: 1433:invasion of Yugoslavia 1355: 1206: 1198: 1163: 1091:northern coast of the 1012: 975: 966: 796:Metaxas defensive line 762:and their associates. 727: 464:Mandatory Palestinians 238:Commanders and leaders 13665:Second Battle of Guam 13561:Bengal famine of 1943 13531:Second Battle of Kiev 13487:Battle of the Dnieper 13192:Battle of Wake Island 13064:East African campaign 13006:Battle of South Henan 12651:atrocities by Germans 12424:Korean Volunteer Army 11405:Occupation of Germany 11159:Music in World War II 10614:Archbishop Damaskinos 10571:Percentages agreement 9997:Konstantinos Ventiris 9384:Occupation Reichsmark 8936:5th Mountain Division 8763:Henry Maitland Wilson 8589:8th Infantry Division 7979:Pelt, Mogens (1998). 7797:Bitzes, John (1989). 7219:. London: Routledge. 6939:. New York: Picador. 6665:Dictatorship in Italy 6448:. London: Routledge. 6239:Clark, Chris (2010). 6106:Greece and Crete 1941 5928:War Diaries 1939–1945 3927:, Greece, History of. 2823: 2638: 2629:Further information: 2555: 2542:Further information: 2525: 2414:The Dutch troop ship 2324: 2300: 2263: 2242:Konstantinos Koukidis 2221: 2201: 2173:to seize the port of 2160: 2139: 2130:Further information: 2075: 2016: 2002:Battle of Tempe Gorge 1943: 1879:Battle of Vevi (1941) 1830:6th Mountain Division 1818:5th Mountain Division 1810: 1795:) and comprising the 1781:Further information: 1628: 1460: 1451:Further information: 1352: 1298:Henry Maitland Wilson 1201: 1192: 1159: 1003: 974: 965: 867:of Greece and former 850:Further information: 831:North African theatre 807:reached the capital, 444:British Commonwealth: 405:Casualties and losses 263:Maximilian von Weichs 14171:Invasions by Germany 13951:Surrender of Germany 13429:Battle of West Hubei 13386:Guadalcanal campaign 13356:Battle of Stalingrad 13282:Battle of Madagascar 12056:Albania protectorate 11843:(formerly Swaziland) 11552:Wehrmacht war crimes 11368:Expulsion of Germans 11152:Art and World War II 11050:British contribution 10999:Governments in exile 10786:The Guns of Navarone 10751:Ill Met by Moonlight 10430:3rd Mountain Brigade 10225:George Psychoundakis 10210:Patrick Leigh Fermor 9874:Pinerolo disarmament 9472:Georgios Tsolakoglou 8881:1st Armoured Brigade 8873:British Commonwealth 8755:British Commonwealth 8738:Georgios Tsolakoglou 8484:Konstantinos Davakis 7701:on 30 September 2007 7663:"The Greek campaign" 6989:; Stegemann, Bernd; 6568:The Second World War 6222:The Second World War 6015:The Second World War 5561:, pp. 936, 945. 4324:Playfair et al. 1962 3702:, pp. 285, 288. 3430:on 30 September 2007 3241:Dear & Foot 1995 3037:, pp. 119, 144. 2802:Operation Barbarossa 2308:Thermopylae position 2287:Charles Edward Turle 2126:Thermopylae position 2098:Georgios Tsolakoglou 1994:1st Armoured Brigade 1174:Yugoslav coup d'état 881:sinking the cruiser 718:, also known as the 14166:Invasions of Greece 14041:Potsdam Declaration 13930:Italy (Spring 1945) 13693:Liberation of Paris 13150:Siege of Sevastopol 12168:(until August 1944) 12071:Wang Jingwei regime 11893:from September 1943 11853:from September 1944 11791:from September 1944 11651:Romanian war crimes 11642:Persecution of Jews 11628:Croatian war crimes 11598:Japanese war crimes 11412:Occupation of Japan 11361:First Indochina War 11073:Military production 10985:Declarations of war 10765:Ipolochagos Natassa 10609:Georgios Papandreou 10385:Emmanouil Tsouderos 10256:Operation "Animals" 10246:Operation "Albumen" 9967:Komninos Pyromaglou 9925:Red Terror (Greece) 9869:1943 Athens protest 9834:Gorgopotamos Bridge 9731:Evripidis Bakirtzis 9679:National Liberation 9574:Alcibiades Diamandi 9538:Security Battalions 9512:George S. Mercouris 9487:Sotirios Gotzamanis 9429:Baron Hirsch ghetto 9056:XXII Mountain Corps 8856:Epirus Army Section 8594:Epirus Army Section 8198:(5 December 1940). 8108:10.12681/mnimon.174 8080:(91e année). Paris. 7677:on 9 September 2006 7625:on 1 September 2007 7323:Helios encyclopedia 6486:Hillgruber, Andreas 6141:Carr, John (2013). 5855:, pp. 439–464. 5709:, pp. 639–640. 5661:, pp. 638–639. 5414:, pp. 616–617. 5228:, pp. 584–585. 5085:, pp. 248–249. 5012:, pp. 188–189. 4840:, pp. 225–226. 4483:, pp. 206–207. 4413:, pp. 228–229. 4093:, pp. 494–496. 4027:, pp. 191–192. 3867:, pp. 102–103. 3822:, pp. 215–216. 3783:, pp. 216–219. 3714:, pp. 154–155. 3671:, pp. 213–214. 3635:, pp. 211–214. 3623:, pp. 183–186. 3243:, pp. 102–106. 3153:, pp. 595–597. 3113:, pp. 182–183. 3056:on 12 December 2008 2978:and the Australian 2881:spheres of interest 2485:5th Panzer Division 2275:Freddie de Guingand 2031:Epirus Army Section 1894:9th Panzer Division 1674:2nd Panzer Division 1667:9th Panzer Division 1526:German Twelfth Army 1141:Battle of Gallipoli 1038:5th Cretan Division 891:was irritated that 63:'s attack on Greece 14176:Invasions by Italy 14034:Surrender of Japan 13867:Battle of Iwo Jima 13716:Belgrade offensive 13129:Siege of Leningrad 13013:Battle of Shanggao 12942:British Somaliland 12907:Dunkirk evacuation 12858:Norwegian campaign 12796:Invasion of Poland 12623:Japanese prisoners 11591:Italian war crimes 11522:British war crimes 11437:Soviet occupations 11221:South-West Pacific 11108:Allied cooperation 11066:Military equipment 10703:Kalpaki War Museum 10556:Lebanon Conference 10422:in the Middle East 10420:Greek Armed Forces 10410:Pafsanias Katsotas 10390:Sofoklis Venizelos 10077:Hellenic Army (ES) 10012:Kimonas Zografakis 9987:Vasileios Sachinis 9972:Antonis Fosteridis 9938:Non-EAM resistance 9603:Cham collaboration 9584:Vassilis Rapotikas 9507:Nikolaos Bourantas 9502:Friedrich Schubert 9477:K. Logothetopoulos 9127:Carlo Vecchiarelli 8728:Alexandros Papagos 8474:Alexandros Papagos 8261:on 13 October 2007 7836:Churchill, Winston 7751:on 5 February 2007 7741:"Balkan Campaigns" 7583:. Orders of Battle 7550:The London Gazette 7121:on 27 January 2010 6987:Schreiber, Gerhard 6429:. Stroud: Tempus. 6315:The Balkan dilemma 6199:Churchill, Winston 5970:The Balkans Battle 3970:, Orders of Battle 3659:, pp. 98–108. 2818:Basil Liddell Hart 2797:British Parliament 2744:, or to withstand 2643:On 25 April 1941, 2641: 2582: 2466:the three sinkings 2267: 2163: 2142: 2104:and major general 2078: 2054:Hellenic Air Force 1946: 1813: 1731:Accursed Mountains 1631: 1511:anti-aircraft guns 1475: 1467:Australian I Corps 1441:Isthmus of Corinth 1356: 1294:Lieutenant-General 1236:Alexandros Koryzis 1199: 1112:Commander-in-Chief 1108:Alexandros Papagos 976: 967: 827:Andreas Hillgruber 728:Unternehmen Marita 310:Alexandros Papagos 14131:Conflicts in 1941 14108: 14107: 14066: 14065: 13909:Battle of Okinawa 13808:Burma (1944–1945) 13642:Mariana and Palau 13422:Tunisian campaign 13247:Fall of Singapore 13171:Fall of Hong Kong 12914:Battle of Britain 12767:Operation Himmler 12676: 12675: 12340:Dutch East Indies 11983:Southern Rhodesia 11735: 11734: 11635:Genocide of Serbs 11538:German war crimes 11515:Soviet war crimes 11508:Allied war crimes 11354:Division of Korea 11333:Chinese Civil War 11131:Strategic bombing 11043:Manhattan Project 10817: 10816: 10813: 10812: 10809: 10808: 10730:Aera! Aera! Aera! 10688:Athens War Museum 10645: 10644: 10641: 10640: 10637: 10636: 10629:Nikos Zachariadis 10581:Treaty of Varkiza 10566:Operation "Manna" 10561:Caserta Agreement 10494: 10493: 10490: 10489: 10486: 10485: 10349:April 1944 mutiny 10289: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10281: 10280: 10215:Bill Stanley Moss 10174: 10173: 10125:Skala Paramythias 10002:Manolis Paterakis 9962:Dimitrios Psarros 9957:Georgios Kartalis 9933: 9932: 9905:Feneos executions 9716:Alexandros Svolos 9696:Aris Velouchiotis 9652: 9651: 9648: 9647: 9644: 9643: 9579:Nicolaos Matussis 9449: 9448: 9334:200 of Kaisariani 9213: 9212: 9044:LXVIII Army Corps 9017:Hermann Neubacher 9012:Günther Altenburg 8956: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8944: 8943: 8921:XXXX Panzer Corps 8816: 8815: 8641: 8640: 8637: 8636: 8561: 8560: 8374:(1940–1941) 8371:Greco-Italian War 8057:978-0-7172-0133-4 7990:978-87-7289-450-8 7971:978-0-7146-4869-9 7937:Kitsikis, Dimitri 7928:978-3-81355-111-2 7905:978-0-241-10893-2 7849:978-0-8352-0693-8 7827:978-0-340-73144-4 7808:978-0-89745-093-5 7789:978-1-86941-052-0 7726:on 6 January 2014 7313:978-0-486-24913-1 7283:978-0-8330-1629-4 7264:978-052-120-143-8 7245:978-0-521-61826-7 7226:978-0-7146-5205-4 7207:978-0-8128-1559-7 7186:978-960-05-0432-3 7167:9-789-004-254-572 7160:. Leiden: Brill. 7145:978-1-107-01459-6 7093:978-0-7146-5197-2 7074:978-0-948817-07-6 7048:978-0-275-96544-0 7027:978-1-905573-89-9 7008:978-0-19-822884-4 6965:978-0-521-84515-1 6946:978-0-312-11926-3 6927:978-960-270-789-0 6882:978-1-845740-66-5 6857:Playfair, I. S. O 6848:978-0-275-98505-9 6812:978-1-84511-104-5 6793:978-0-415-24989-8 6774:978-0-674-00680-5 6725:978-1-86503-865-0 6676:978-0-415-23045-2 6653:978-0-521-46685-1 6634:978-1-84176-857-1 6615:978-0-7139-9712-5 6577:978-0-14-303573-2 6555:978-184-603-123-6 6536:978-0-918618-19-1 6503:978-3-76375-923-1 6455:978-0-415-07822-1 6436:978-0-7524-2692-1 6417:978-073-912-890-9 6398:978-960-226-533-8 6379:978-097-982-493-7 6360:978-0-8240-4312-4 6341:978-0-19-866225-9 6289:978-1-527271-01-2 6269:978-0-670-28603-4 6250:978-1-74237-335-5 6231:9-781-472-520-890 6224:. A&C Black. 6212:978-0-395-59968-6 6190:978-184-858-430-3 6171:978-178-158-121-6 6152:9-781-7815-918-19 6133:978-0-415-05846-9 6079:978-0-7570-0160-4 6025:978-0-316-02374-0 6001:978-0-8133-2080-9 5956:978-0-8094-2490-0 5930:. Phoenix Press. 5290:on 6 January 2014 5038:Sampatakakis 2008 4763:, pp. 81–82. 4493:Sampatakakis 2008 4425:, pp. 30–33. 4148:, pp. 40–45. 3939:, pp. 86–87. 3475:, pp. 29–30. 3387:, pp. 18–20. 3277:von Rintelen 1951 2619:resistance groups 2587:Central Macedonia 2538:Triple occupation 2066:Regia Aeronautica 2024:Winston Churchill 1971:2/11th battalions 1957:and later by the 1315:Rhodope Mountains 1234:, Prime Minister 1222:, and instructed 1216:Winston Churchill 1209:Winston Churchill 1125:Winston Churchill 1040:to the mainland. 996: 995: 992: 985: 949:Eastern Macedonia 933:counter-offensive 852:Greco-Italian War 846:Greco-Italian War 748:Greco-Italian War 709: 708: 560: 559: 530:Greco-Italian War 482: 481: 130: 129: 16:(Redirected from 14193: 14121:Battle of Greece 14101: 14094: 14087: 14084:World portal 14082: 14081: 14057: 14050: 14043: 14036: 14027: 14020: 14013: 14004: 13997: 13990: 13983: 13976: 13969: 13960: 13953: 13946: 13944:Prague offensive 13939: 13937:Battle of Berlin 13932: 13925: 13918: 13911: 13904: 13897: 13890: 13883: 13881:Vienna offensive 13876: 13869: 13862: 13860:Battle of Manila 13855: 13835: 13826: 13817: 13810: 13801: 13794: 13787: 13780: 13773: 13766: 13759: 13750: 13741: 13734: 13725: 13718: 13711: 13704: 13695: 13688: 13681: 13674: 13667: 13660: 13653: 13644: 13637: 13628: 13619: 13610: 13603: 13601:Korsun–Cherkassy 13596: 13585: 13563: 13554: 13547: 13540: 13533: 13526: 13519: 13512: 13503: 13496: 13489: 13482: 13473: 13466: 13459: 13452: 13445: 13443:Bombing of Gorky 13438: 13431: 13424: 13404: 13397: 13388: 13381: 13374: 13365: 13358: 13351: 13344: 13333: 13326: 13319: 13312: 13310:Battle of Midway 13305: 13298: 13296:Battle of Gazala 13291: 13284: 13277: 13270: 13263: 13256: 13249: 13229: 13222: 13215: 13208: 13206:Battle of Borneo 13201: 13199:Malayan campaign 13194: 13187: 13180: 13173: 13166: 13159: 13152: 13145: 13143:Bombing of Gorky 13138: 13136:Battle of Moscow 13131: 13124: 13117: 13110: 13103: 13096: 13080: 13073: 13066: 13059: 13052: 13045: 13036: 13029: 13022: 13015: 13008: 12988: 12979: 12972: 12965: 12958: 12951: 12944: 12937: 12930: 12923: 12916: 12909: 12902: 12900:Battle of France 12895: 12888: 12881: 12874: 12867: 12860: 12840: 12833: 12826: 12819: 12812: 12805: 12798: 12776: 12769: 12762: 12755: 12753:Munich Agreement 12748: 12741: 12732: 12725: 12718: 12709: 12702: 12687: 12686: 12669: 12662: 12653: 12646: 12639: 12638:Soviet prisoners 12632: 12625: 12618: 12609: 12602: 12593: 12586: 12579: 12578:German prisoners 12574: 12554: 12545: 12538: 12531: 12526: 12519: 12512: 12505: 12498: 12491: 12484: 12477: 12470: 12463: 12456: 12449: 12442: 12435: 12426: 12419: 12412: 12405: 12398: 12391: 12384: 12377: 12370: 12363: 12356: 12349: 12342: 12335: 12328: 12321: 12314: 12307: 12300: 12280: 12273: 12266: 12259: 12252: 12245: 12238: 12231: 12224: 12217: 12210: 12190: 12183: 12176: 12169: 12161: 12154: 12147: 12138: 12131: 12123: 12116: 12114:French Indochina 12109: 12102: 12095: 12088: 12080: 12073: 12066: 12058: 12038: 12029: 12022: 12013: 12006: 11999: 11992: 11985: 11978: 11971: 11964: 11961:from August 1944 11952: 11945: 11938: 11931: 11924: 11917: 11910: 11903: 11896: 11884: 11877: 11870: 11863: 11856: 11844: 11836: 11829: 11822: 11815: 11808: 11801: 11794: 11782: 11775: 11768: 11761: 11746: 11745: 11726: 11719: 11712: 11705: 11698: 11687: 11672: 11665: 11658: 11653: 11644: 11637: 11630: 11621: 11614: 11607: 11605:Nanjing Massacre 11600: 11593: 11584: 11582:Nuremberg trials 11575: 11568: 11561: 11554: 11547: 11540: 11531: 11524: 11517: 11510: 11490: 11483: 11476: 11467: 11460: 11453: 11446: 11439: 11432: 11423: 11414: 11407: 11400: 11393: 11384: 11377: 11370: 11363: 11356: 11349: 11342: 11335: 11315: 11306: 11299: 11292: 11283: 11276: 11269: 11262: 11253: 11246: 11239: 11230: 11223: 11216: 11209: 11202: 11195: 11188: 11186:Asia and Pacific 11168: 11161: 11154: 11147: 11140: 11133: 11126: 11117: 11115:Mulberry harbour 11110: 11103: 11096: 11089: 11082: 11075: 11068: 11061: 11052: 11045: 11038: 11029: 11022: 11015: 11008: 11001: 10994: 10987: 10980: 10973: 10966: 10957: 10950: 10935: 10934: 10923: 10916: 10907: 10900: 10893: 10886: 10879: 10872: 10865: 10844: 10837: 10830: 10821: 10820: 10662: 10661: 10651: 10650: 10547: 10524: 10523: 10514: 10513: 10500: 10499: 10319: 10318: 10312:Greek government 10308: 10307: 10295: 10294: 10273:Damasta sabotage 10190: 10189: 9942: 9941: 9778:National Council 9726:Markos Vafeiadis 9721:Ilias Tsirimokos 9711:Georgios Siantos 9701:Stefanos Sarafis 9686: 9685: 9675: 9674: 9658: 9657: 9462: 9461: 9455:Collaborationist 9392: 9201: 9189: 9171: 9170: 9145: 9113:Pellegrino Ghigi 9098: 9097: 9063:Alexander Andrae 9002: 9001: 8993: 8992: 8984: 8983: 8975: 8974: 8962: 8961: 8916:XVIII Army Corps 8906: 8905: 8871: 8870: 8836: 8835: 8827: 8826: 8788: 8787: 8773:Bernard Freyberg 8753: 8752: 8713: 8712: 8704: 8703: 8666:Operation Lustre 8656: 8655: 8651: 8614: 8613: 8579: 8578: 8570: 8569: 8528:Benito Mussolini 8518: 8517: 8493:Ioannis Pitsikas 8459: 8458: 8450: 8449: 8380: 8379: 8375: 8367: 8366: 8354: 8353: 8339: 8332: 8325: 8316: 8315: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8281:. Archived from 8270: 8268: 8266: 8257:. Archived from 8239: 8237: 8235: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8191: 8189: 8187: 8162: 8141: 8112: 8110: 8092: 8081: 8074:Revue Historique 8061: 8035: 8014: 7994: 7975: 7956: 7932: 7909: 7896:Diaries, 1939–41 7892:Goebbels, Joseph 7887: 7870: 7853: 7831: 7812: 7793: 7760: 7758: 7756: 7739:Ziemke, Earl F. 7735: 7733: 7731: 7714:van Lierde, Ed. 7710: 7708: 7706: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7673:. Archived from 7654: 7652: 7650: 7634: 7632: 7630: 7621:. Archived from 7613:Duncan, George. 7609: 7607: 7605: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7569: 7567: 7565: 7531: 7486: 7439: 7402: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7327: 7317: 7287: 7268: 7249: 7230: 7211: 7190: 7171: 7154:Stockings, Craig 7149: 7130: 7128: 7126: 7097: 7086:. London: Cass. 7078: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7031: 7012: 6982: 6969: 6950: 6931: 6912: 6886: 6861:Butler, J. R. M. 6852: 6833: 6816: 6797: 6778: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6729: 6710: 6680: 6668: 6657: 6638: 6619: 6597: 6592:. Translated by 6581: 6559: 6540: 6521: 6515: 6507: 6481: 6477:978-159-884-9806 6459: 6440: 6421: 6402: 6383: 6364: 6345: 6312: 6293: 6273: 6254: 6235: 6216: 6194: 6175: 6156: 6137: 6117: 6100: 6083: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6029: 6005: 5981: 5960: 5941: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5862: 5856: 5850: 5844: 5834: 5825: 5815: 5809: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5782: 5776: 5770: 5764: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5683:Riefenstahl 1987 5680: 5674: 5671:Eggenberger 1985 5668: 5662: 5656: 5650: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5608: 5602: 5592: 5586: 5583:van Creveld 1974 5580: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5532: 5526: 5520: 5514: 5508: 5499: 5489: 5478: 5468: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5325:Eggenberger 1985 5322: 5316: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5286:. Archived from 5282:van Lierde, Ed. 5279: 5273: 5263: 5257: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5178: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5140: 5134: 5124: 5118: 5108: 5102: 5092: 5086: 5080: 5074: 5068: 5062: 5052: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4984: 4974: 4968: 4958: 4952: 4946: 4940: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4894: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4857: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4817: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4730: 4724: 4714: 4708: 4698: 4692: 4682: 4676: 4673:van Crevald 1973 4670: 4664: 4654: 4645: 4635: 4629: 4619: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4524: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4450: 4441: 4435: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4372: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4305: 4299: 4293: 4287: 4277: 4271: 4261: 4255: 4245: 4239: 4229: 4223: 4213: 4207: 4197: 4191: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4161:. Archived from 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4134:Svolopoulos 1997 4131: 4125: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4060: 4051: 4041: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3971: 3962: 3956: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3901: 3895: 3884: 3874: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3839: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3727: 3724:Svolopoulos 1997 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3700:Svolopoulos 1997 3697: 3691: 3681: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3606: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3565: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3522: 3516: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3461:van Creveld 1972 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3362: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3295: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3169: 3163: 3154: 3148: 3135: 3125: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3083: 3077: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3011: 3005: 2969: 2953: 2941: 2929:Balkan Peninsula 2915: 2905: 2888: 2870: 2856: 2806:Leni Riefenstahl 2580: 2578: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2560: 2396:Pindus Mountains 2339: 2320: 2318: 2271:Archibald Wavell 2244:, took down the 2218: 2120:prisoners of war 2102:Ioannis Pitsikas 2025: 1935:Italian 9th Army 1896:reached Kozani. 1588:Battle of France 1541:Ewald von Kleist 1493:—comprising the 1471:Bernard Freyberg 1387:Vermio Mountains 1253:Operation Lustre 1210: 1167: 1088:Francisco Franco 1071:Archibald Wavell 1016: 988: 981: 958: 957: 924:and the port of 889:Benito Mussolini 756:Balkans Campaign 724:Operation Marita 720:Battle of Greece 597: 587: 580: 573: 564: 563: 520: 518: 517:Balkans campaign 508: 501: 494: 485: 484: 472: 469: 441:270,000 captured 395:200–300 aircraft 344:Bernard Freyberg 342: 341: 331: 330: 320: 319: 312: 308: 307: 295: 294: 284: 283: 273: 272: 265: 261: 260: 249: 248: 233: 229: 227: 226: 216: 214: 213: 204: 202: 201: 195: 191: 189: 188: 173: 169: 167: 166: 159: 155: 153: 152: 106:Greek Resistance 69: 68: 58: 44:Balkans Campaign 37:Battle of Greece 34: 33: 21: 14201: 14200: 14196: 14195: 14194: 14192: 14191: 14190: 14111: 14110: 14109: 14104: 14097: 14090: 14076: 14074: 14062: 14053: 14046: 14039: 14032: 14023: 14016: 14009: 14000: 13995:Atomic bombings 13993: 13986: 13979: 13972: 13965: 13956: 13949: 13942: 13935: 13928: 13921: 13914: 13907: 13900: 13893: 13886: 13879: 13872: 13865: 13858: 13851: 13838: 13831: 13820: 13813: 13806: 13797: 13790: 13783: 13776: 13769: 13762: 13753: 13744: 13737: 13728: 13721: 13714: 13707: 13698: 13691: 13686:Eastern Romania 13684: 13679:Warsaw Uprising 13677: 13672:Tannenberg Line 13670: 13663: 13658:Western Ukraine 13656: 13647: 13640: 13631: 13622: 13613: 13606: 13599: 13588: 13579: 13566: 13559: 13550: 13543: 13536: 13529: 13522: 13515: 13508: 13499: 13492: 13485: 13476: 13469: 13462: 13455: 13450:Battle of Kursk 13448: 13441: 13434: 13427: 13420: 13407: 13400: 13391: 13384: 13377: 13368: 13361: 13354: 13347: 13338: 13329: 13322: 13315: 13308: 13301: 13294: 13287: 13280: 13273: 13266: 13261:St Nazaire Raid 13259: 13252: 13245: 13232: 13225: 13218: 13211: 13204: 13197: 13190: 13183: 13176: 13169: 13162: 13155: 13148: 13141: 13134: 13127: 13120: 13113: 13106: 13099: 13085: 13076: 13069: 13062: 13055: 13048: 13043:Anglo-Iraqi War 13041: 13034:Battle of Crete 13032: 13025: 13018: 13011: 13004: 12991: 12982: 12975: 12968: 12963:Eastern Romania 12961: 12954: 12947: 12940: 12933: 12926: 12919: 12912: 12905: 12898: 12891: 12884: 12877: 12870: 12863: 12856: 12843: 12836: 12829: 12822: 12815: 12808: 12801: 12794: 12781: 12772: 12765: 12758: 12751: 12744: 12737: 12728: 12721: 12714: 12705: 12698: 12672: 12665: 12658: 12649: 12642: 12637: 12628: 12621: 12614: 12605: 12598: 12589: 12582: 12577: 12570: 12557: 12550: 12541: 12534: 12529: 12524:Western Ukraine 12522: 12515: 12508: 12501: 12494: 12487: 12480: 12473: 12468:Northeast China 12466: 12459: 12452: 12445: 12438: 12431: 12422: 12415: 12408: 12401: 12394: 12387: 12380: 12373: 12366: 12359: 12352: 12345: 12338: 12331: 12324: 12317: 12310: 12303: 12296: 12283: 12276: 12269: 12262: 12255: 12248: 12241: 12234: 12227: 12220: 12213: 12206: 12193: 12186: 12179: 12174:Slovak Republic 12172: 12164: 12157: 12150: 12145:Empire of Japan 12143: 12134: 12126: 12119: 12112: 12105: 12098: 12091: 12083: 12076: 12069: 12061: 12054: 12041: 12034: 12025: 12018: 12009: 12002: 11995: 11988: 11981: 11974: 11967: 11955: 11948: 11941: 11934: 11927: 11920: 11913: 11906: 11899: 11887: 11880: 11873: 11866: 11859: 11847: 11839: 11832: 11825: 11818: 11811: 11804: 11797: 11785: 11778: 11771: 11764: 11757: 11731: 11722: 11715: 11708: 11701: 11690: 11675: 11668: 11661: 11657:Sexual violence 11656: 11649: 11640: 11633: 11626: 11617: 11610: 11603: 11596: 11589: 11580: 11571: 11564: 11557: 11550: 11543: 11536: 11527: 11520: 11513: 11506: 11493: 11486: 11479: 11472: 11463: 11456: 11449: 11442: 11435: 11426: 11417: 11410: 11403: 11396: 11387: 11380: 11375:Greek Civil War 11373: 11366: 11359: 11352: 11345: 11338: 11331: 11318: 11311: 11302: 11295: 11288: 11279: 11272: 11265: 11258: 11249: 11242: 11235: 11226: 11219: 11212: 11205: 11200:South-East Asia 11198: 11191: 11184: 11171: 11164: 11157: 11150: 11143: 11136: 11129: 11122: 11113: 11106: 11099: 11092: 11085: 11078: 11071: 11064: 11059:Military awards 11057: 11048: 11041: 11034: 11025: 11018: 11011: 11004: 10997: 10990: 10983: 10976: 10969: 10962: 10953: 10946: 10926: 10919: 10912: 10903: 10896: 10889: 10884: 10875: 10868: 10861: 10853: 10848: 10818: 10805: 10722:Popular culture 10717: 10676: 10656: 10633: 10619:Georgios Grivas 10592: 10541: 10539:Plaka agreement 10508: 10482: 10421: 10414: 10368: 10313: 10302: 10277: 10234: 10205:Monty Woodhouse 10170: 10154: 10093: 10016: 9992:Lela Karagianni 9982:Ilias Degiannis 9977:Kostas Perrikos 9952:Napoleon Zervas 9929: 9893: 9864:Kournovo Tunnel 9807: 9735: 9680: 9669: 9640: 9619: 9557: 9526: 9497:Georgios Poulos 9456: 9445: 9395: 9386: 9379:Compulsory loan 9349: 9343: 9209: 9195: 9193:Trifon Trifonov 9183: 9165: 9160: 9149:VIII Army Corps 9139: 9092: 9087: 9022:Walter Schimana 8996: 8988: 8979: 8969: 8940: 8900: 8895: 8865: 8860: 8830: 8812: 8782: 8777: 8747: 8742: 8707: 8695: 8649: 8648: 8647:German invasion 8633: 8608: 8603: 8573: 8557: 8512: 8507: 8503:Georgios Kosmas 8469:Ioannis Metaxas 8453: 8441: 8373: 8372: 8361: 8348: 8343: 8301: 8288: 8286: 8273: 8264: 8262: 8255:Yale Law School 8242: 8233: 8231: 8222: 8213: 8211: 8185: 8183: 8170: 8165: 8147:War and Society 8130:10.2307/2944271 8090: 8068: 8058: 8045: 8042: 8003:Remember Greece 7991: 7972: 7929: 7906: 7850: 7828: 7809: 7790: 7774: 7768: 7766:Further reading 7763: 7754: 7752: 7729: 7727: 7704: 7702: 7689: 7680: 7678: 7659:Menzies, Robert 7648: 7646: 7643:News in English 7637: 7628: 7626: 7603: 7601: 7586: 7584: 7579: 7576: 7563: 7561: 7538: 7453:(3/4): 22–230. 7359: 7357: 7334: 7314: 7294: 7284: 7265: 7246: 7236:A World At Arms 7227: 7208: 7187: 7168: 7146: 7124: 7122: 7094: 7075: 7053: 7051: 7049: 7028: 7009: 6966: 6947: 6928: 6883: 6849: 6813: 6794: 6775: 6753: 6751: 6726: 6677: 6654: 6635: 6616: 6586:Keitel, Wilhelm 6578: 6556: 6537: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6478: 6456: 6437: 6418: 6399: 6380: 6361: 6342: 6309: 6290: 6270: 6251: 6232: 6213: 6191: 6172: 6153: 6134: 6080: 6058: 6056: 6055:on 19 June 2009 6026: 6002: 5957: 5938: 5922: 5916: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5863: 5859: 5851: 5847: 5835: 5828: 5816: 5812: 5804: 5800: 5792: 5785: 5777: 5773: 5765: 5761: 5753: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5729: 5725: 5717: 5713: 5705: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5657: 5653: 5637: 5633: 5625: 5621: 5609: 5605: 5593: 5589: 5581: 5577: 5569: 5565: 5557: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5533: 5529: 5521: 5517: 5509: 5502: 5490: 5481: 5469: 5454: 5446: 5442: 5434: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5410: 5406: 5398: 5394: 5386: 5379: 5371: 5367: 5359: 5355: 5347: 5343: 5335: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5307: 5303: 5293: 5291: 5280: 5276: 5264: 5260: 5248: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5214:Macdougall 2004 5212: 5205: 5199:Macdougall 2004 5197: 5193: 5185: 5181: 5169: 5165: 5157: 5153: 5141: 5137: 5125: 5121: 5109: 5105: 5093: 5089: 5081: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5053: 5044: 5036: 5032: 5020: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4996: 4987: 4975: 4971: 4959: 4955: 4947: 4943: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4895: 4884: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4860: 4848: 4844: 4836: 4832: 4824: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4788: 4779: 4771: 4767: 4759: 4755: 4747: 4743: 4731: 4727: 4715: 4711: 4699: 4695: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4655: 4648: 4636: 4632: 4620: 4607: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4583: 4571: 4567: 4559: 4555: 4543: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4515: 4511: 4503: 4499: 4491: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4467: 4463: 4451: 4444: 4436: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4385: 4381: 4373: 4369: 4363:Carruthers 2012 4361: 4357: 4349: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4322: 4318: 4306: 4302: 4294: 4290: 4278: 4274: 4262: 4258: 4246: 4242: 4230: 4226: 4214: 4210: 4198: 4194: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4165:on 2 April 2015 4157: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4116: 4112: 4104: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4061: 4054: 4042: 4031: 4023: 4019: 4007: 4003: 3995: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3947: 3943: 3935: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3911: 3904: 3896: 3887: 3875: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3842: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3743: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3694: 3682: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3631: 3627: 3619: 3615: 3607: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3566: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3523: 3519: 3507: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3459: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3420: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3297: 3296: 3283: 3275: 3271: 3265:Hillgruber 1993 3263: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3193: 3189: 3181: 3172: 3164: 3157: 3149: 3138: 3126: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3097: 3086: 3078: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3029: 3021: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2991: 2963: 2947: 2932: 2911: 2898: 2884: 2866: 2850: 2793: 2730: 2689: 2676:Fliegerdivision 2633: 2631:Battle of Crete 2627: 2625:Battle of Crete 2576: 2575: 2573: Bulgarian 2570: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2550: 2540: 2535: 2521:Merchant Marine 2472:, 20 crew from 2341: 2334: 2322: 2316: 2314: 2283:Baillie-Grohman 2258: 2232:and raised the 2220: 2213: 2155: 2134: 2128: 2027: 2023: 2014: 1902: 1881: 1875: 1858: 1785: 1779: 1710: 1623: 1617: 1612: 1610:German invasion 1584: 1572:Georg Lindemann 1547:XL Panzer Corps 1465:, commander of 1455: 1449: 1412:British Cabinet 1347: 1319:mountain passes 1311: 1306: 1212: 1208: 1187: 1169: 1165: 1023:Royal Air Force 1018: 1014: 1001: 990: 983: 858:Ioannis Metaxas 854: 848: 843: 712: 711: 710: 705: 598: 593: 591: 561: 556: 521: 516: 514: 512: 473: 470: 457: 451:13,958 captured 450: 448: 446: 442: 440: 438: 436: 434: 427: 425: 423: 419: 417: 415: 413: 396: 394: 392: 390: 386: 384: 374: 372: 370: 368: 364: 362: 360: 358: 336: 335: 325: 324: 314: 313: 302: 301: 289: 288: 278: 277: 267: 266: 255: 254: 253: 243: 224: 222: 220: 211: 209: 208: 199: 197: 196: 186: 184: 182: 164: 162: 160: 150: 148: 146: 119: 101: 87: 76: 59: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14199: 14189: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14126:1941 in Greece 14123: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14102: 14095: 14088: 14071: 14068: 14067: 14064: 14063: 14061: 14060: 14059: 14058: 14051: 14044: 14030: 14029: 14028: 14014: 14011:South Sakhalin 14007: 14006: 14005: 13991: 13984: 13977: 13970: 13963: 13962: 13961: 13947: 13940: 13933: 13926: 13919: 13912: 13905: 13898: 13891: 13884: 13877: 13870: 13863: 13856: 13848: 13846: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13836: 13829: 13828: 13827: 13811: 13804: 13803: 13802: 13788: 13781: 13774: 13767: 13760: 13751: 13742: 13735: 13726: 13719: 13712: 13705: 13696: 13689: 13682: 13675: 13668: 13661: 13654: 13645: 13638: 13629: 13620: 13611: 13604: 13597: 13586: 13576: 13574: 13568: 13567: 13565: 13564: 13557: 13556: 13555: 13548: 13534: 13527: 13520: 13513: 13506: 13505: 13504: 13490: 13483: 13474: 13467: 13460: 13453: 13446: 13439: 13436:Battle of Attu 13432: 13425: 13417: 13415: 13409: 13408: 13406: 13405: 13398: 13389: 13382: 13375: 13366: 13359: 13352: 13345: 13336: 13335: 13334: 13327: 13313: 13306: 13299: 13292: 13285: 13278: 13271: 13264: 13257: 13250: 13242: 13240: 13234: 13233: 13231: 13230: 13223: 13216: 13209: 13202: 13195: 13188: 13185:Battle of Guam 13181: 13174: 13167: 13160: 13153: 13146: 13139: 13132: 13125: 13118: 13111: 13108:Battle of Kiev 13104: 13097: 13083: 13082: 13081: 13067: 13060: 13053: 13046: 13039: 13038: 13037: 13023: 13016: 13009: 13001: 12999: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12989: 12980: 12973: 12966: 12959: 12952: 12945: 12938: 12931: 12924: 12917: 12910: 12903: 12896: 12889: 12882: 12875: 12868: 12861: 12853: 12851: 12845: 12844: 12842: 12841: 12834: 12827: 12820: 12813: 12806: 12799: 12791: 12789: 12783: 12782: 12780: 12779: 12778: 12777: 12770: 12763: 12756: 12749: 12735: 12734: 12733: 12726: 12712: 12711: 12710: 12695: 12693: 12684: 12678: 12677: 12674: 12673: 12671: 12670: 12663: 12656: 12655: 12654: 12647: 12635: 12634: 12633: 12619: 12612: 12611: 12610: 12607:United Kingdom 12603: 12596: 12595: 12594: 12575: 12567: 12565: 12559: 12558: 12556: 12555: 12548: 12547: 12546: 12539: 12527: 12520: 12513: 12506: 12499: 12492: 12485: 12478: 12471: 12464: 12457: 12450: 12443: 12436: 12429: 12428: 12427: 12420: 12406: 12399: 12392: 12385: 12378: 12371: 12364: 12357: 12350: 12343: 12336: 12329: 12322: 12315: 12308: 12301: 12293: 12291: 12285: 12284: 12282: 12281: 12274: 12267: 12260: 12253: 12246: 12239: 12232: 12225: 12218: 12211: 12203: 12201: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12191: 12184: 12177: 12170: 12162: 12155: 12148: 12141: 12140: 12139: 12124: 12117: 12110: 12103: 12096: 12089: 12081: 12074: 12067: 12059: 12051: 12049: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12039: 12032: 12031: 12030: 12016: 12015: 12014: 12011:British Empire 12004:United Kingdom 12000: 11993: 11986: 11979: 11972: 11965: 11953: 11946: 11939: 11932: 11925: 11918: 11911: 11904: 11897: 11885: 11878: 11871: 11864: 11857: 11845: 11837: 11830: 11823: 11820:Czechoslovakia 11816: 11809: 11802: 11795: 11783: 11776: 11769: 11762: 11754: 11752: 11743: 11737: 11736: 11733: 11732: 11730: 11729: 11728: 11727: 11720: 11717:Rape of Manila 11713: 11706: 11699: 11688: 11673: 11666: 11654: 11647: 11646: 11645: 11638: 11624: 11623: 11622: 11615: 11608: 11594: 11587: 11586: 11585: 11578: 11577: 11576: 11569: 11555: 11548: 11534: 11533: 11532: 11525: 11518: 11503: 11501: 11495: 11494: 11492: 11491: 11488:United Nations 11484: 11477: 11470: 11469: 11468: 11461: 11454: 11447: 11433: 11424: 11415: 11408: 11401: 11394: 11385: 11378: 11371: 11364: 11357: 11350: 11347:Decolonization 11343: 11336: 11328: 11326: 11320: 11319: 11317: 11316: 11309: 11308: 11307: 11293: 11286: 11285: 11284: 11277: 11270: 11256: 11255: 11254: 11247: 11233: 11232: 11231: 11224: 11217: 11210: 11203: 11196: 11181: 11179: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11169: 11162: 11155: 11148: 11141: 11134: 11127: 11120: 11119: 11118: 11111: 11097: 11090: 11083: 11076: 11069: 11062: 11055: 11054: 11053: 11039: 11032: 11031: 11030: 11023: 11020:United Kingdom 11016: 11002: 10995: 10988: 10981: 10974: 10967: 10960: 10959: 10958: 10943: 10941: 10932: 10928: 10927: 10925: 10924: 10917: 10910: 10909: 10908: 10901: 10894: 10882: 10881: 10880: 10866: 10858: 10855: 10854: 10847: 10846: 10839: 10832: 10824: 10815: 10814: 10811: 10810: 10807: 10806: 10804: 10803: 10796: 10795: 10794: 10782: 10775: 10768: 10761: 10760: 10759: 10747: 10746: 10745: 10733: 10725: 10723: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10684: 10682: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10674: 10668: 10666: 10658: 10657: 10647: 10646: 10643: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10600: 10598: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10590: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10536: 10530: 10528: 10521: 10510: 10509: 10496: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10488: 10487: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10478:336th Squadron 10475: 10473:335th Squadron 10470: 10465: 10458: 10451: 10444: 10441:Vasilissa Olga 10437: 10432: 10426: 10424: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10380:King George II 10376: 10374: 10370: 10369: 10367: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10325: 10323: 10322:Events/Battles 10316: 10304: 10303: 10291: 10290: 10287: 10286: 10283: 10282: 10279: 10278: 10276: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10253: 10248: 10242: 10240: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10220:Themis Marinos 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10196: 10194: 10187: 10176: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10168: 10162: 10160: 10156: 10155: 10153: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10101: 10099: 10095: 10094: 10092: 10091: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10048: 10047: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10024: 10022: 10018: 10017: 10015: 10014: 10009: 10007:Petrakogiorgis 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9948: 9946: 9939: 9935: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9928: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9901: 9899: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9819:Drama uprising 9815: 9813: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9771: 9770: 9769: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9743: 9741: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9706:Andreas Tzimas 9703: 9698: 9692: 9690: 9683: 9671: 9670: 9654: 9653: 9650: 9649: 9646: 9645: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9638: 9633: 9627: 9625: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9617: 9616: 9615: 9610: 9600: 9599: 9598: 9588: 9587: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9565: 9563: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9534: 9532: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9492:Georgios Bakos 9489: 9484: 9482:Ioannis Rallis 9479: 9474: 9468: 9466: 9459: 9451: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9438: 9437: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9411: 9405: 9403: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9359: 9353: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9306: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9221: 9219: 9215: 9214: 9211: 9210: 9208: 9207: 9202: 9190: 9177: 9175: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9137:III Army Corps 9134: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9108:Angelico Carta 9104: 9102: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9079: 9078: 9076:Fortress Crete 9060: 9059: 9058: 9048: 9047: 9046: 9039:Hellmuth Felmy 9036: 9035: 9034: 9027:Alexander Löhr 9024: 9019: 9014: 9008: 9006: 8990: 8981: 8971: 8970: 8958: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8950: 8949: 8946: 8945: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8912: 8910: 8897: 8896: 8894: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8877: 8875: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8842: 8840: 8824: 8818: 8817: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8794: 8792: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8759: 8757: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8723:King George II 8719: 8717: 8701: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8681:Kleisoura Pass 8678: 8673: 8668: 8662: 8660: 8653: 8643: 8642: 8639: 8638: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8631: 8626: 8620: 8618: 8605: 8604: 8602: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8585: 8583: 8567: 8563: 8562: 8559: 8558: 8556: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8533:Galeazzo Ciano 8530: 8524: 8522: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8465: 8463: 8447: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8439: 8438: 8437: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8386: 8384: 8377: 8363: 8362: 8350: 8349: 8342: 8341: 8334: 8327: 8319: 8313: 8312: 8300: 8299:External links 8297: 8296: 8295: 8285:on 6 June 2007 8271: 8250:Avalon Project 8240: 8220: 8192: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8163: 8142: 8113: 8082: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8062: 8056: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8015: 7995: 7989: 7976: 7970: 7957: 7933: 7927: 7910: 7904: 7888: 7871: 7854: 7848: 7832: 7826: 7813: 7807: 7794: 7788: 7782:. Hutchinson. 7773: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7761: 7736: 7711: 7687: 7655: 7635: 7610: 7593: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7570: 7548:Supplement to 7537: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7487: 7440: 7414:(3): 439–464. 7403: 7377:(4): 933–946. 7366: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7328: 7318: 7312: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7282: 7269: 7263: 7250: 7244: 7231: 7225: 7212: 7206: 7191: 7185: 7172: 7166: 7150: 7144: 7131: 7098: 7092: 7079: 7073: 7060: 7047: 7032: 7026: 7013: 7007: 6983: 6970: 6964: 6951: 6945: 6932: 6926: 6913: 6892: 6881: 6853: 6847: 6834: 6817: 6811: 6805:. I.B.Tauris. 6798: 6792: 6779: 6773: 6760: 6730: 6724: 6711: 6681: 6675: 6658: 6652: 6639: 6633: 6620: 6614: 6598: 6582: 6576: 6560: 6554: 6541: 6535: 6522: 6502: 6482: 6476: 6460: 6454: 6441: 6435: 6422: 6416: 6403: 6397: 6384: 6378: 6365: 6359: 6346: 6340: 6326:Foot, M. R. D. 6322:Dear, I. C. B. 6318: 6307: 6294: 6288: 6274: 6268: 6255: 6249: 6236: 6230: 6217: 6211: 6195: 6189: 6176: 6170: 6164:. Coda Books. 6157: 6151: 6138: 6132: 6119: 6101: 6084: 6078: 6065: 6030: 6024: 6010:Beevor, Antony 6006: 6000: 5986:Beevor, Antony 5982: 5961: 5955: 5942: 5936: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5897: 5885: 5883:, p. 317. 5873: 5857: 5853:Sadkovich 1993 5845: 5826: 5810: 5798: 5794:Titterton 2002 5783: 5781:, p. 105. 5771: 5759: 5747: 5745:, p. 158. 5735: 5731:Kirchubel 2005 5723: 5721:, p. 640. 5711: 5699: 5697:, p. 101. 5687: 5685:, p. 295. 5675: 5663: 5651: 5639:McClymont 1959 5631: 5629:, p. 338. 5619: 5611:McClymont 1959 5603: 5595:McClymont 1959 5587: 5575: 5563: 5551: 5549:, p. 633. 5539: 5537:, p. 138. 5527: 5525:, p. 624. 5515: 5513:, p. 113. 5500: 5492:McClymont 1959 5479: 5452: 5450:, p. 231. 5440: 5428: 5426:, p. 136. 5416: 5404: 5402:, p. 616. 5392: 5390:, p. 615. 5377: 5375:, p. 602. 5365: 5363:, p. 419. 5361:Churchill 2013 5353: 5341: 5339:, p. 595. 5329: 5317: 5301: 5274: 5258: 5242: 5240:, p. 584. 5230: 5218: 5216:, p. 195. 5203: 5201:, p. 194. 5191: 5179: 5171:McClymont 1959 5163: 5151: 5143:McClymont 1959 5135: 5119: 5111:McClymont 1959 5103: 5087: 5075: 5073:, p. 166. 5063: 5042: 5030: 5014: 5002: 4985: 4969: 4953: 4941: 4925: 4923:, p. 133. 4913: 4911:, p. 193. 4901: 4899:, p. 158. 4882: 4870: 4868:, p. 113. 4858: 4842: 4830: 4828:, p. 248. 4818: 4816:, p. 214. 4806: 4794: 4792:, p. 225. 4777: 4765: 4753: 4751:, p. 199. 4749:Churchill 2013 4741: 4725: 4709: 4693: 4677: 4675:, p. 162. 4665: 4646: 4630: 4605: 4593: 4581: 4565: 4561:Cawthorne 2003 4553: 4537: 4525: 4509: 4497: 4485: 4473: 4461: 4442: 4427: 4415: 4403: 4401:, p. 213. 4391: 4379: 4377:, p. 178. 4367: 4355: 4353:, p. 162. 4340: 4338:, p. 237. 4328: 4316: 4300: 4298:, p. 211. 4288: 4272: 4264:McClymont 1959 4256: 4240: 4224: 4208: 4192: 4176: 4150: 4138: 4136:, p. 290. 4126: 4118:McClymont 1959 4110: 4108:, p. 168. 4095: 4083: 4081:, p. 115. 4071: 4063:McClymont 1959 4052: 4029: 4017: 4001: 3986: 3984:, p. 127. 3974: 3957: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3902: 3900:, p. 420. 3898:Churchill 1991 3885: 3877:McClymont 1959 3869: 3857: 3855:, p. 103. 3840: 3832:McClymont 1959 3824: 3812: 3810:, p. 560. 3800: 3798:, p. 558. 3785: 3773: 3771:, p. 219. 3761: 3749: 3747:, p. 102. 3728: 3726:, p. 288. 3716: 3704: 3692: 3673: 3661: 3649: 3647:, p. 211. 3637: 3625: 3613: 3611:, p. 213. 3588: 3576: 3557: 3545: 3543:, p. 167. 3533: 3517: 3501: 3499:, p. 146. 3489: 3487:, p. 165. 3477: 3465: 3453: 3451:, p. 119. 3441: 3413: 3401: 3399:, p. 122. 3389: 3377: 3365: 3346: 3331: 3327:Goldstein 1992 3319: 3307: 3281: 3269: 3267:, p. 506. 3257: 3255:, p. 178. 3245: 3233: 3221: 3209: 3187: 3185:, p. 563. 3170: 3168:, p. 246. 3155: 3136: 3128:McClymont 1959 3115: 3103: 3084: 3067: 3039: 3027: 3012: 3010:, p. 180. 2999: 2997: 2994: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2841:Jack P. Greene 2792: 2789: 2784:Prime Minister 2736:, (who became 2729: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2688: 2685: 2645:King George II 2626: 2623: 2599:Alexandroupoli 2591:Aegean islands 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2436:Junkers Ju 87s 2336:Robert Menzies 2323: 2299: 2257: 2254: 2214:Field Marshal 2200: 2154: 2151: 2127: 2124: 2106:Georgios Bakos 2062:Kleisoura pass 2015: 2013: 2010: 1927:21st Battalion 1901: 1898: 1874: 1871: 1857: 1854: 1778: 1775: 1709: 1706: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1568: 1561: 1554: 1544: 1484:Western Thrace 1448: 1445: 1389:and the lower 1346: 1343: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1246:Bulgarian Army 1200: 1186: 1183: 1158: 1137:Robert Menzies 1002: 1000: 997: 994: 993: 986: 978: 977: 968: 953:Western Thrace 847: 844: 842: 839: 707: 706: 704: 703: 698: 693: 688: 682: 681: 675: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 632:Kleisoura Pass 629: 624: 619: 614: 608: 607: 606:Greek mainland 603: 600: 599: 595:Greek campaign 590: 589: 582: 575: 567: 558: 557: 555: 554: 549: 544: 543: 542: 532: 526: 523: 522: 511: 510: 503: 496: 488: 480: 479: 478:on 4 May 1941. 471: 58,000. 453: 452: 437:42,485 wounded 429: 426:10,752 wounded 418:25,067 missing 416:63,142 wounded 407: 406: 402: 401: 379: 352: 351: 347: 346: 299: 240: 239: 235: 234: 206:United Kingdom 174: 137: 136: 132: 131: 128: 127: 121: 115: 114: 113: 112: 100: 99: 95: 93: 89: 88: 85: 83: 79: 78: 73: 65: 64: 51: 50: 39: 38: 32: 31: 26: 18:Greek Campaign 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14198: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14179: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14118: 14116: 14100: 14096: 14093: 14089: 14086: 14085: 14080: 14073: 14072: 14069: 14056: 14052: 14049: 14045: 14042: 14038: 14037: 14035: 14031: 14026: 14022: 14021: 14019: 14018:Kuril Islands 14015: 14012: 14008: 14003: 13999: 13998: 13996: 13992: 13989: 13985: 13982: 13978: 13975: 13971: 13968: 13964: 13959: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13948: 13945: 13941: 13938: 13934: 13931: 13927: 13924: 13920: 13917: 13913: 13910: 13906: 13903: 13899: 13896: 13892: 13889: 13885: 13882: 13878: 13875: 13871: 13868: 13864: 13861: 13857: 13854: 13850: 13849: 13847: 13845: 13841: 13834: 13830: 13825: 13824: 13819: 13818: 13816: 13812: 13809: 13805: 13800: 13796: 13795: 13793: 13789: 13786: 13785:Syrmian Front 13782: 13779: 13775: 13772: 13768: 13765: 13761: 13758: 13757: 13752: 13749: 13748: 13743: 13740: 13736: 13733: 13732: 13731:Market Garden 13727: 13724: 13720: 13717: 13713: 13710: 13706: 13703: 13702: 13697: 13694: 13690: 13687: 13683: 13680: 13676: 13673: 13669: 13666: 13662: 13659: 13655: 13652: 13651: 13646: 13643: 13639: 13636: 13635: 13630: 13627: 13626: 13621: 13618: 13617: 13612: 13609: 13605: 13602: 13598: 13595: 13591: 13590:Monte Cassino 13587: 13584: 13583: 13578: 13577: 13575: 13573: 13569: 13562: 13558: 13553: 13549: 13546: 13542: 13541: 13539: 13535: 13532: 13528: 13525: 13521: 13518: 13514: 13511: 13507: 13502: 13498: 13497: 13495: 13491: 13488: 13484: 13481: 13480: 13475: 13472: 13468: 13465: 13461: 13458: 13454: 13451: 13447: 13444: 13440: 13437: 13433: 13430: 13426: 13423: 13419: 13418: 13416: 13414: 13410: 13403: 13399: 13396: 13395: 13390: 13387: 13383: 13380: 13376: 13373: 13372: 13367: 13364: 13360: 13357: 13353: 13350: 13346: 13343: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13328: 13325: 13321: 13320: 13318: 13314: 13311: 13307: 13304: 13300: 13297: 13293: 13290: 13286: 13283: 13279: 13276: 13272: 13269: 13265: 13262: 13258: 13255: 13251: 13248: 13244: 13243: 13241: 13239: 13235: 13228: 13224: 13221: 13217: 13214: 13210: 13207: 13203: 13200: 13196: 13193: 13189: 13186: 13182: 13179: 13175: 13172: 13168: 13165: 13161: 13158: 13154: 13151: 13147: 13144: 13140: 13137: 13133: 13130: 13126: 13123: 13119: 13116: 13112: 13109: 13105: 13102: 13098: 13094: 13093: 13088: 13084: 13079: 13075: 13074: 13072: 13068: 13065: 13061: 13058: 13054: 13051: 13047: 13044: 13040: 13035: 13031: 13030: 13028: 13024: 13021: 13017: 13014: 13010: 13007: 13003: 13002: 13000: 12998: 12994: 12987: 12986: 12981: 12978: 12974: 12971: 12967: 12964: 12960: 12957: 12956:Baltic states 12953: 12950: 12946: 12943: 12939: 12936: 12932: 12929: 12925: 12922: 12918: 12915: 12911: 12908: 12904: 12901: 12897: 12894: 12890: 12887: 12883: 12880: 12876: 12873: 12869: 12866: 12862: 12859: 12855: 12854: 12852: 12850: 12846: 12839: 12835: 12832: 12828: 12825: 12821: 12818: 12814: 12811: 12807: 12804: 12800: 12797: 12793: 12792: 12790: 12788: 12784: 12775: 12771: 12768: 12764: 12761: 12757: 12754: 12750: 12747: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12736: 12731: 12727: 12724: 12720: 12719: 12717: 12713: 12708: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12697: 12696: 12694: 12692: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12679: 12668: 12664: 12661: 12657: 12652: 12648: 12645: 12641: 12640: 12636: 12631: 12627: 12626: 12624: 12620: 12617: 12613: 12608: 12604: 12601: 12600:United States 12597: 12592: 12588: 12587: 12585: 12581: 12580: 12576: 12573: 12569: 12568: 12566: 12564: 12560: 12553: 12549: 12544: 12540: 12537: 12536:Quốc dân Đảng 12533: 12532: 12528: 12525: 12521: 12518: 12514: 12511: 12507: 12504: 12500: 12497: 12493: 12490: 12486: 12483: 12479: 12476: 12472: 12469: 12465: 12462: 12458: 12455: 12451: 12448: 12444: 12441: 12437: 12434: 12430: 12425: 12421: 12418: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12407: 12404: 12400: 12397: 12393: 12390: 12386: 12383: 12379: 12376: 12372: 12369: 12365: 12362: 12358: 12355: 12351: 12348: 12344: 12341: 12337: 12334: 12330: 12327: 12323: 12320: 12316: 12313: 12309: 12306: 12302: 12299: 12295: 12294: 12292: 12290: 12286: 12279: 12275: 12272: 12268: 12265: 12261: 12258: 12254: 12251: 12247: 12244: 12240: 12237: 12236:Liechtenstein 12233: 12230: 12226: 12223: 12219: 12216: 12212: 12209: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12200: 12196: 12189: 12185: 12182: 12178: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12163: 12160: 12156: 12153: 12149: 12146: 12142: 12137: 12133: 12132: 12129: 12125: 12122: 12118: 12115: 12111: 12108: 12104: 12101: 12097: 12094: 12090: 12086: 12082: 12079: 12075: 12072: 12068: 12064: 12060: 12057: 12053: 12052: 12050: 12048: 12044: 12037: 12033: 12028: 12024: 12023: 12021: 12020:United States 12017: 12012: 12008: 12007: 12005: 12001: 11998: 11994: 11991: 11987: 11984: 11980: 11977: 11973: 11970: 11966: 11962: 11958: 11954: 11951: 11947: 11944: 11940: 11937: 11933: 11930: 11926: 11923: 11919: 11916: 11912: 11909: 11905: 11902: 11898: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11883: 11879: 11876: 11872: 11869: 11865: 11862: 11858: 11854: 11850: 11846: 11842: 11838: 11835: 11831: 11828: 11824: 11821: 11817: 11814: 11810: 11807: 11803: 11800: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11781: 11777: 11774: 11770: 11767: 11763: 11760: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11751: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11738: 11725: 11721: 11718: 11714: 11711: 11710:Comfort women 11707: 11704: 11700: 11697: 11694: / 11693: 11689: 11686: 11683: / 11682: 11679: / 11678: 11674: 11671: 11670:Camp brothels 11667: 11664: 11660: 11659: 11655: 11652: 11648: 11643: 11639: 11636: 11632: 11631: 11629: 11625: 11620: 11616: 11613: 11609: 11606: 11602: 11601: 11599: 11595: 11592: 11588: 11583: 11579: 11574: 11570: 11567: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11559:The Holocaust 11556: 11553: 11549: 11546: 11545:forced labour 11542: 11541: 11539: 11535: 11530: 11526: 11523: 11519: 11516: 11512: 11511: 11509: 11505: 11504: 11502: 11500: 11496: 11489: 11485: 11482: 11478: 11475: 11471: 11466: 11462: 11459: 11455: 11452: 11448: 11445: 11441: 11440: 11438: 11434: 11431: 11430: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11416: 11413: 11409: 11406: 11402: 11399: 11398:Marshall Plan 11395: 11392: 11391: 11386: 11383: 11379: 11376: 11372: 11369: 11365: 11362: 11358: 11355: 11351: 11348: 11344: 11341: 11337: 11334: 11330: 11329: 11327: 11325: 11321: 11314: 11310: 11305: 11301: 11300: 11298: 11294: 11291: 11287: 11282: 11278: 11275: 11271: 11268: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11257: 11252: 11251:Eastern Front 11248: 11245: 11244:Western Front 11241: 11240: 11238: 11234: 11229: 11225: 11222: 11218: 11215: 11211: 11208: 11204: 11201: 11197: 11194: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11183: 11182: 11180: 11178: 11174: 11167: 11163: 11160: 11156: 11153: 11149: 11146: 11142: 11139: 11138:Puppet states 11135: 11132: 11128: 11125: 11121: 11116: 11112: 11109: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11098: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11084: 11081: 11080:Naval history 11077: 11074: 11070: 11067: 11063: 11060: 11056: 11051: 11047: 11046: 11044: 11040: 11037: 11033: 11028: 11027:United States 11024: 11021: 11017: 11014: 11010: 11009: 11007: 11003: 11000: 10996: 10993: 10989: 10986: 10982: 10979: 10975: 10972: 10968: 10965: 10961: 10956: 10952: 10951: 10949: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10936: 10933: 10929: 10922: 10918: 10915: 10911: 10906: 10902: 10899: 10895: 10892: 10888: 10887: 10883: 10878: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10864: 10860: 10859: 10856: 10852: 10845: 10840: 10838: 10833: 10831: 10826: 10825: 10822: 10802: 10801: 10797: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10788: 10787: 10783: 10781: 10780: 10776: 10774: 10773: 10769: 10767: 10766: 10762: 10758: 10755: 10754: 10753: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10741: 10740: 10739: 10738: 10734: 10732: 10731: 10727: 10726: 10724: 10720: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10683: 10679: 10673: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10655:Commemoration 10652: 10648: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10624:Angelos Evert 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10604:Ronald Scobie 10602: 10601: 10599: 10595: 10589: 10586: 10582: 10579: 10578: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10545: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10531: 10529: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10515: 10511: 10507: 10501: 10497: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10468:13th Squadron 10466: 10464: 10463: 10459: 10457: 10456: 10452: 10450: 10449: 10445: 10443: 10442: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10427: 10425: 10423: 10417: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10377: 10375: 10371: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10309: 10305: 10301: 10296: 10292: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10237: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10197: 10195: 10191: 10188: 10185: 10181: 10177: 10167: 10164: 10163: 10161: 10157: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10062:Prometheus II 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10046: 10045:5/42 Regiment 10043: 10042: 10041: 10038: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10029: 10026: 10025: 10023: 10021:Organizations 10019: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9943: 9940: 9936: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9896: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9810: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9775: 9772: 9768: 9765: 9764: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9744: 9742: 9740:Organizations 9738: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9676: 9672: 9668: 9664: 9659: 9655: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9622: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9601: 9597: 9596:Andon Kalchev 9594: 9593: 9592: 9589: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9571: 9570: 9567: 9566: 9564: 9562:Secessionists 9560: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9531:Organizations 9529: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9452: 9442: 9439: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9416: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9401:The Holocaust 9398: 9390: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9368: 9365: 9364: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9346: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9216: 9206: 9203: 9199: 9194: 9191: 9187: 9182: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9174: 9169: 9163: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9143: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9081: 9077: 9074: 9073: 9072: 9068: 9064: 9061: 9057: 9054: 9053: 9052: 9049: 9045: 9042: 9041: 9040: 9037: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9007: 9005: 9000: 8994: 8991: 8985: 8982: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8963: 8959: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8904: 8898: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8874: 8869: 8863: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8839: 8834: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8819: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8803:Sepp Dietrich 8801: 8799: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8786: 8780: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8768:Thomas Blamey 8766: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8756: 8751: 8745: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8716: 8711: 8705: 8702: 8698: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8644: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8612: 8606: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8582: 8577: 8571: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8548:Ugo Cavallero 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8516: 8510: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8490: 8489:Markos Drakos 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8462: 8457: 8451: 8448: 8444: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8400:Korytsa/Korcë 8398: 8396: 8395:Elaia–Kalamas 8393: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8340: 8335: 8333: 8328: 8326: 8321: 8320: 8317: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8284: 8280: 8276: 8272: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8251: 8245: 8241: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8181: 8177: 8172: 8171: 8160: 8156: 8153:(1): 97–123. 8152: 8148: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8124:(4): 617–42. 8123: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8088: 8083: 8079: 8076:(in French). 8075: 8070: 8069: 8059: 8053: 8049: 8044: 8043: 8040:Encyclopedias 8033: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8016: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7999:Powell, Dilys 7996: 7992: 7986: 7982: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7964:. Routledge. 7963: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7924: 7920: 7916: 7911: 7907: 7901: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7878:. Doubleday. 7877: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7861:. Doubleday. 7860: 7855: 7851: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7829: 7823: 7819: 7814: 7810: 7804: 7800: 7795: 7791: 7785: 7781: 7776: 7775: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7737: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7712: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7611: 7599: 7594: 7582: 7578: 7577: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7551: 7545: 7540: 7539: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7447: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7367: 7356:on 2 May 2019 7355: 7351: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7335: 7325: 7324: 7319: 7315: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7296: 7295: 7292:Encyclopedias 7285: 7279: 7275: 7270: 7266: 7260: 7256: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7237: 7232: 7228: 7222: 7218: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7178: 7173: 7169: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7137: 7132: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7085: 7080: 7076: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7050: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7033: 7029: 7023: 7019: 7014: 7010: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6991:Vogel, Detlef 6988: 6984: 6980: 6976: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6957: 6952: 6948: 6942: 6938: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6919: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6893: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6840: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6818: 6814: 6808: 6804: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6776: 6770: 6766: 6761: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6737: 6731: 6727: 6721: 6717: 6712: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6672: 6667: 6666: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6645: 6640: 6636: 6630: 6626: 6621: 6617: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6594:Irving, David 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6551: 6547: 6542: 6538: 6532: 6528: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6505: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6447: 6442: 6438: 6432: 6428: 6423: 6419: 6413: 6409: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6390: 6385: 6381: 6375: 6371: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6352: 6347: 6343: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6317:by Ian Wards) 6316: 6310: 6308:0-19-558438-4 6304: 6300: 6295: 6291: 6285: 6281: 6275: 6271: 6265: 6261: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6242: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6223: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6186: 6182: 6177: 6173: 6167: 6163: 6158: 6154: 6148: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6126:. Routledge. 6125: 6120: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6071: 6066: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6031: 6027: 6021: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5948: 5943: 5939: 5937:1-84212-526-5 5933: 5929: 5924: 5923: 5907:, p. 60. 5906: 5901: 5895:, p. 41. 5894: 5889: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5866: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5831: 5823: 5819: 5814: 5807: 5802: 5796:, p. 84. 5795: 5790: 5788: 5780: 5775: 5769:, p. 27. 5768: 5763: 5756: 5751: 5744: 5739: 5733:, p. 16. 5732: 5727: 5720: 5715: 5708: 5703: 5696: 5691: 5684: 5679: 5672: 5667: 5660: 5655: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5628: 5623: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5585:, p. 91. 5584: 5579: 5573:, p. 14. 5572: 5567: 5560: 5555: 5548: 5543: 5536: 5531: 5524: 5519: 5512: 5507: 5505: 5497: 5493: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5449: 5444: 5437: 5432: 5425: 5420: 5413: 5408: 5401: 5396: 5389: 5384: 5382: 5374: 5369: 5362: 5357: 5351:, p. 16. 5350: 5345: 5338: 5333: 5326: 5321: 5314: 5310: 5305: 5289: 5285: 5278: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5255: 5251: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5227: 5222: 5215: 5210: 5208: 5200: 5195: 5188: 5183: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5160: 5155: 5148: 5144: 5139: 5132: 5128: 5123: 5116: 5112: 5107: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5084: 5079: 5072: 5067: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5040:, p. 28. 5039: 5034: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5011: 5006: 5000:, p. 33. 4999: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4951:, p. 90. 4950: 4945: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4922: 4921:Faingold 2010 4917: 4910: 4909:Electrie 2008 4905: 4898: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4879: 4874: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4839: 4834: 4827: 4822: 4815: 4810: 4804:, p. 32. 4803: 4798: 4791: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4775:, p. 39. 4774: 4769: 4762: 4757: 4750: 4745: 4738: 4734: 4729: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4706: 4702: 4697: 4690: 4686: 4681: 4674: 4669: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4603:, p. 52. 4602: 4597: 4591:, p. 94. 4590: 4585: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4563:, p. 91. 4562: 4557: 4550: 4546: 4541: 4535:, p. 21. 4534: 4529: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4507:, p. 61. 4506: 4501: 4495:, p. 23. 4494: 4489: 4482: 4477: 4471:, p. 33. 4470: 4465: 4458: 4454: 4449: 4447: 4440:, p. 50. 4439: 4434: 4432: 4424: 4419: 4412: 4407: 4400: 4395: 4388: 4383: 4376: 4375:Paoletti 2007 4371: 4365:, p. 10. 4364: 4359: 4352: 4347: 4345: 4337: 4332: 4326:, p. 86. 4325: 4320: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4297: 4292: 4285: 4281: 4276: 4269: 4265: 4260: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4237: 4233: 4228: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4147: 4142: 4135: 4130: 4123: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4102: 4100: 4092: 4087: 4080: 4075: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4026: 4021: 4014: 4010: 4005: 3999:, p. 37. 3998: 3993: 3991: 3983: 3978: 3969: 3968: 3961: 3954: 3950: 3945: 3938: 3933: 3926: 3921: 3914: 3909: 3907: 3899: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3866: 3861: 3854: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3821: 3820:Weinberg 2005 3816: 3809: 3804: 3797: 3792: 3790: 3782: 3781:Weinberg 2005 3777: 3770: 3769:Weinberg 2005 3765: 3759:, p. 38. 3758: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3725: 3720: 3713: 3708: 3701: 3696: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3678: 3670: 3669:Weinberg 2005 3665: 3658: 3653: 3646: 3645:Weinberg 2005 3641: 3634: 3633:Weinberg 2005 3629: 3622: 3617: 3610: 3609:Weinberg 2005 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3586:, p. 22. 3585: 3580: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3554: 3549: 3542: 3537: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3514: 3510: 3505: 3498: 3493: 3486: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3463:, p. 41. 3462: 3457: 3450: 3445: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3417: 3411:, p. 22. 3410: 3405: 3398: 3393: 3386: 3381: 3375:, p. 19. 3374: 3369: 3360: 3359:War in Europe 3356: 3350: 3344:, p. 17. 3343: 3338: 3336: 3329:, p. 53. 3328: 3323: 3317:, p. 18. 3316: 3311: 3303: 3302: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3278: 3273: 3266: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3231:, p. 18. 3230: 3229:Johnston 2013 3225: 3218: 3213: 3205: 3203: 3197: 3196:Hitler, Adolf 3191: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3167: 3162: 3160: 3152: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3112: 3107: 3101:, p. 26. 3100: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3081: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3043: 3036: 3031: 3025:, Greek Wars. 3024: 3019: 3017: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2940: 2930: 2925: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2845: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2831:Antony Beevor 2827: 2822: 2819: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2788: 2785: 2779: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2752: 2747: 2743: 2742:Italian Libya 2739: 2735: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2693: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2637: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2561: Italian 2554: 2549: 2545: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2384:Corinth Canal 2380: 2378: 2374: 2373:Ulster Prince 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2331: 2329: 2321: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2298: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2217: 2210: 2207: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180:armoured cars 2176: 2172: 2168: 2159: 2150: 2146: 2138: 2133: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2116:Sepp Dietrich 2112: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2087:Greek tragedy 2084: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1973:moved to the 1972: 1968: 1964: 1963:"Tubby" Allen 1960: 1956: 1951: 1942: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1897: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1627: 1622: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1593:The Yugoslav 1591: 1589: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1565:Otto Hartmann 1562: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1530:Field Marshal 1527: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1507:Mount Olympus 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1480: 1479:Kriva Palanka 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463:Thomas Blamey 1459: 1454: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1351: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1196: 1191: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1168: 1162: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1116:Hellenic Army 1113: 1109: 1106: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1030:John D'Albiac 1028: 1027:Air Commodore 1024: 1017: 1011: 1009: 987: 980: 979: 973: 969: 964: 960: 959: 956: 954: 950: 946: 941: 937: 934: 929: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 898: 894: 890: 886: 885: 880: 879: 874: 870: 866: 863: 862:fascist-style 859: 853: 838: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 810: 806: 802: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 778:invaded from 777: 776:German troops 773: 769: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 683: 680: 677: 676: 673: 672:Corinth Canal 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 642:Lake Kastoria 640: 638: 637:Siatista Pass 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 617:Pisoderi Pass 615: 613: 610: 609: 605: 604: 601: 596: 588: 583: 581: 576: 574: 569: 568: 565: 553: 550: 548: 545: 541: 538: 537: 536: 533: 531: 528: 527: 524: 519: 509: 504: 502: 497: 495: 490: 489: 486: 477: 465: 461: 454: 449:1,250 wounded 445: 439:1,290 missing 435:13,408 killed 433: 430: 422: 414:19,755 killed 412: 409: 408: 403: 399: 389: 383: 380: 378:1,245,000 men 377: 367: 357: 354: 353: 348: 345: 340: 334: 333:Thomas Blamey 329: 323: 318: 311: 306: 300: 298: 297:Ugo Cavallero 293: 287: 286:Sepp Dietrich 282: 276: 271: 264: 259: 252: 247: 242: 241: 236: 232: 219: 207: 194: 180: 179: 175: 172: 158: 144: 143: 139: 138: 133: 125: 122: 117: 116: 111: 107: 104:Start of the 103: 102: 97: 96: 94: 91: 90: 84: 81: 80: 74: 71: 70: 66: 62: 57: 52: 49: 45: 40: 35: 30: 19: 14092:Bibliography 14075: 13888:Project Hula 13853:Vistula–Oder 13822: 13755: 13746: 13730: 13700: 13649: 13633: 13624: 13615: 13581: 13478: 13393: 13369: 13339: 13090: 13026: 12983: 12928:North Africa 12630:Soviet Union 12584:Soviet Union 12510:Soviet Union 12278:Vatican City 12188:Vichy France 12093:German Reich 11990:Soviet Union 11976:South Africa 11969:Sierra Leone 11922:Newfoundland 11741:Participants 11724:Marocchinate 11428: 11419: 11389: 11267:North Africa 11228:Indian Ocean 11087:Nazi plunder 10978:Cryptography 10851:World War II 10798: 10785: 10777: 10772:Mediterraneo 10770: 10763: 10749: 10735: 10728: 10588:White Terror 10461: 10454: 10447: 10440: 10115:Agia Kyriaki 10105:ESPO bombing 10087: 9859:Sarantaporos 9829:Mikro Chorio 9569:Roman Legion 9414:Thessaloniki 9362:Great Famine 9350:exploitation 9205:Asen Sirakov 9123:Carlo Geloso 9118:Piero Parini 9067:Bruno Bräuer 9032:Army Group E 8926:Luftflotte 4 8808:Kurt Student 8798:Wilhelm List 8671:Metaxas Line 8646: 8553:Carlo Geloso 8543:Ubaldo Soddu 8420:Klisura Pass 8287:. 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Retrieved 6735: 6715: 6689: 6664: 6643: 6624: 6605: 6602:Kershaw, Ian 6589: 6567: 6564:Keegan, John 6545: 6526: 6493: 6489: 6470:. ABC-CLIO. 6467: 6464:Greene, Jack 6445: 6426: 6407: 6388: 6369: 6350: 6330: 6314: 6298: 6278: 6259: 6240: 6221: 6202: 6180: 6161: 6142: 6123: 6105: 6088: 6069: 6057:. Retrieved 6053:the original 6035: 6014: 5990: 5969: 5965: 5946: 5927: 5900: 5888: 5881:Papagos 1949 5876: 5860: 5848: 5813: 5801: 5774: 5762: 5750: 5738: 5726: 5719:Richter 1998 5714: 5707:Richter 1998 5702: 5690: 5678: 5666: 5659:Richter 1998 5654: 5634: 5627:Richter 1998 5622: 5606: 5590: 5578: 5566: 5554: 5547:Richter 1998 5542: 5535:Buckley 1984 5530: 5523:Richter 1998 5518: 5443: 5431: 5424:Carlton 1992 5419: 5412:Richter 1998 5407: 5400:Richter 1998 5395: 5388:Richter 1998 5373:Richter 1998 5368: 5356: 5349:Shrader 1999 5344: 5337:Richter 1998 5332: 5320: 5304: 5292:. 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Praeger. 6685:Long, Gavin 5905:Beevor 1994 5839:, pp. 5820:, pp. 5767:Glantz 2003 5755:Hooker 1999 5743:Beevor 2012 5641:, pp. 5597:, pp. 5571:Stahel 2012 5559:Lawlor 1982 5494:, pp. 5473:, pp. 5448:Beevor 1994 5436:Helios 1945 5294:1 September 5268:, pp. 5173:, pp. 5097:, pp. 5071:Keitel 1979 4998:Bailey 1979 4935:, pp. 4897:Keegan 2005 4802:Bailey 1979 4773:Beevor 1994 4719:, pp. 4703:, pp. 4547:, pp. 4469:Beevor 1994 4250:, pp. 4234:, pp. 4202:, pp. 4120:, pp. 4106:Lawlor 1994 4065:, pp. 4025:Lawlor 1994 3997:Bailey 1979 3982:Thomas 1972 3925:Helios 1945 3913:Helios 1945 3879:, pp. 3757:Beevor 1994 3712:Keitel 1979 3686:, pp. 3570:, pp. 3541:Lawlor 1994 3511:, pp. 3409:Bailey 1979 3183:Greene 2014 3099:Beevor 1994 3023:Helios 1945 2776:Middle East 2763:de Guingand 2734:Alan Brooke 2687:Assessments 2607:Evros River 2515:camps. The 2442:, damaging 2404:Missolonghi 2377:Peloponnese 2349:East Attica 2345:Porto Rafti 2328:War Cabinet 2265:necessary." 2111:John Keegan 1907:Thermopylae 1846:Fort Roupel 1801:Mount Beles 1694:Doiran Lake 1595:coup d'état 1558:Franz Böhme 1097:Prince Paul 805:German Army 801:Thermopylae 792:New Zealand 760:Axis powers 701:42nd Street 667:Thermopylae 657:Tempe Gorge 428:385 missing 400:502,612 men 385:450,000 men 361:1,200 tanks 359:680,000 men 231:New Zealand 118:Territorial 14115:Categories 13923:West Hunan 13756:Pointblank 13092:Silver Fox 13078:Summer War 12831:Winter War 12810:Phoney War 12591:Azerbaijan 12552:Yugoslavia 12447:Luxembourg 12289:Resistance 12036:Yugoslavia 11901:Luxembourg 11703:Sook Ching 11499:War crimes 11101:Technology 11094:Opposition 11036:Lend-Lease 11013:Australian 11006:Home front 10964:Blitzkrieg 10914:Casualties 10905:Commanders 10877:Operations 10551:Red Terror 10344:Dodecanese 10334:El Alamein 10239:Operations 10159:Atrocities 10098:Operations 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1093:Aegean Sea 1008:blitzkrieg 873:neutrality 788:Australian 768:Greek Army 627:Ptolemaida 535:Yugoslavia 458:Including 447:903 killed 391:52,612 men 373:163 tanks 13988:Manchuria 13874:Indochina 13650:Bagration 13101:Lithuania 12746:Anschluss 12543:Viet Minh 12440:Lithuania 12382:Hong Kong 12152:Manchukuo 12107:Azad Hind 11766:Australia 11566:Aftermath 11429:Paperclip 11324:Aftermath 11124:Total war 10992:Diplomacy 10955:In Europe 10519:Civil War 10506:civil war 10364:Santorini 10135:Xirovouni 10088:others... 9915:Meligalas 9319:Kleisoura 9280:Mesovouno 9265:Domenikon 9255:Lingiades 9250:Kalavryta 9235:Alikianos 9225:Kondomari 9132:11th Army 8978:Occupying 8629:11th Army 8101:: 53–74. 8032:173284173 7953:660825581 7818:Mussolini 7730:7 January 7705:6 October 7564:7 January 7559:813744927 7528:220875543 7512:0022-0094 7483:220879997 7467:0022-0094 7436:159955930 7428:0022-0094 7399:154400712 7391:0018-246X 7115:464601908 6784:Mussolini 6736:To Greece 6512:cite book 5893:Long 1953 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