505:
what it was necessary to do, and saved the colony. Mills however, accepts the view that Gawler had been guilty of carelessness and extravagance and cannot be wholly acquitted of blame, though the extraordinary difficulties with which he was faced are acknowledged. Charles Sturt and other men at the time generally agreed that his administration had greatly benefited the settlement, and the select committee on South
Australia reported that the critics of his expenditure were "unable to point out any specific item by which it could have been considerably reduced without great public inconvenience". Much of Gawler's expenditure was on works of both immediate and long-lasting benefit to the Colony and the State, such as the
422:'s greatest source of revenue, the sale of land, had largely dried up due to surveying delays in 1838. The rapid increase in population in 1839 and 1840 due to immigration greatly added to the unemployment problem. Droughts in other Australian colonies in 1840, before South Australia was self-sufficient in food, drove up the cost of living rapidly. Gawler increased public expenditure to stave off collapse, which resulted in bankruptcy and changes to the way the colony was run. Over ÂŖ200,000 had been spent and the land fund in London had been exhausted. AÂŖ155,000 loan was approved by the British Parliament (later made a gift) and Captain
1135:
236:
54:
497:
346:, a fellow officer from the 52nd. Gawler and his wife were sincerely religious and when the 52nd was sent to New Brunswick in 1823 they did much social and religious work. Gawler returned to England in 1826 and from 1830 to 1832 was engaged in recruiting. He reached the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1834 and in 1837 received the
504:
Gawler's work was long misjudged, largely because his successor Grey, in his dispatches, made the worst of his predecessor's acts, without suggesting the difficulties under which he had worked. Gawler was a gallant and energetic officer who, when he found the settlers faced with disaster, saw at once
473:, in which he petitioned the Queen seeking redress for the injustices done to him by successive secretaries of state. Accusing George Grey of dishonesty, he claimed that it had been through his efforts that South Australia was "the only cheap and brilliantly successful new colony in modern history".
426:
was sent to replace Gawler, after Grey promised to "maintain the strictest economy". In his time in office
Governor Grey helped make South Australia self-sufficient in terms of agriculture and restored public confidence, though the real salvation of the colony may have been the
384:. Gawler found the colony had almost no public finances, underpaid officials and 4000 immigrants living in makeshift accommodation. He was allowed a maximum of ÂŖ12,000 expenditure a year, with an additional ÂŖ5,000 credit for emergencies.
1323:
1288:
1313:
1298:
1033:
548:
in the 1830s included Gawler in its list of principal benefactors. Gawler had contributed a collection of minerals and exotic stuffed birds which included an
1283:
955:
760:
399:
had resigned due to ailing health and the demands placed on him with insufficient staff. Gawler promptly increased and reorganised the fledgling
1114:
222:
935:
1182:
1177:
1026:
1318:
326:, and was wounded and saved from death by a soldier who lost his own life. He was in Spain until 1814, taking part in the advance on
578:(1827-1894), returned to South Australia in 1858. He was a solicitor in the South Australian Land Titles Office from 1858 to 1884.
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889:
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283:
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607:
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17:
1119:
672:
517:
404:
621:
334:. He remained in France with the army of occupation until 1818, and in 1820 married Maria Cox of Friar Gate,
832:
545:
710:
This article was first published in hardcopy in
Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1, (MUP), 1966.
1197:
1042:
993:
598:
553:
262:
66:
959:
770:
564:
412:
729:
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1084:
765:
407:. Gawler appointed more colonial officials, took part in exploration, and improved the facilities at
838:
419:
217:
466:, (1853) he made four arguments for the proposition that Jewish settlement was already under way.
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1144:
1051:
513:
439:
After retirement as governor in 1841, Gawler devoted his time to religious and charitable works.
387:
His first goal was to address delays over rural settlement and primary production. He persuaded
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to work as surveyor-general, personally overseeing the surveys in the meantime, as
Colonel
258:
202:
44:
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282:
Gawler, born on 21 July 1795, was the only child of
Captain Samuel Gawler, captain in the
8:
855:
471:
Present State of Moral
Principle in the Supreme Government of the British Colonial Empire
367:
1003:
813:
613:
451:
372:
331:
36:
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330:. The regiment returned to England and Gawler, now a lieutenant, fought at the
319:
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556:, contributed hundreds of pressed flowers and plants to Derby Museum and to
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303:
286:, and his wife Julia, nÊe Russell. Gawler's father was killed in battle in
241:
358:
In 1838 Gawler was appointed
Governor of South Australia in succession to
1252:
1172:
1079:
1069:
956:"Memorials and Monuments in St Simon's Church (Colonel George Gawler KH)"
557:
423:
126:
509:. Many modern historians put him among the founders of South Australia.
294:. George Gawler was educated by a tutor, then at a school in Cold Bath,
485:
890:"Joseph Whittaker: early English botanical visitor to South Australia"
1237:
795:
Bill Stacy (2002). "The Great
Eastern Road". In Robert Martin (ed.).
549:
538:
Gawler's reputation was somewhat tarnished by his involvement in the
481:
295:
477:
377:
362:, who had been recalled, as well as being appointed to the role of
290:, India in December 1804. The Gawler family historically came from
314:
In
October 1810, Gawler obtained a commission as an ensign in the
552:
from his time as governor. Also, Gawler's gardener in
Australia,
496:
469:
In 1850 Gawler retired from the army. In the same year, he wrote
323:
53:
799:. Mount Lofty Districts Historical Society Inc. pp. 69â76.
415:
was built, which is now the East Wing of the present building.
327:
287:
335:
291:
724:
450:
be allowed to establish Jewish agricultural settlements in
447:
874:
The history and directory of the borough of Derby, a guide
1324:
British colonial governors and administrators in Oceania
454:
as compensation for their suffering under Turkish rule.
458:
followed in 1847, and in 1849 he toured Palestine with
972:â Memorials and Monuments in Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK
1289:
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Great Marlow
850:
887:
1314:
People associated with Derby Museum and Art Gallery
411:during his tenure as governor. The first permanent
376:on 12 October 1838, after a four-month journey via
370:. Gawler and his wife and children arrived on the
834:Moses Montefiore: Jewish liberator, imperial hero
1270:
1041:
342:. Gawler's new sister-in-law, Mary Ann, married
516:was named after him, as well as the adjoining
306:, where he was a diligent and clever student.
1299:British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
1027:
938:. Governor of South Australia. Archived from
261:, (21 July 1795 â 7 May 1869) was the second
27:Governor of South Australia from 1838 to 1841
1284:Governors of the Colony of South Australia
1034:
1020:
794:
671:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
444:The Tranquillization of Syria and the East
269:, from 17 October 1838 until 15 May 1841.
808:
806:
531:are also named after him by the explorer
322:. He was a member of a storming party at
660:
495:
366:, taking over from the first incumbent,
790:
788:
434:
14:
1271:
870:
803:
720:
718:
656:
1015:
864:
654:
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636:
881:
785:
442:In 1845, Gawler wrote a memorandum,
194:Army officer, Colonial administrator
888:Kraehenbuehl, DN; Moyes, N (1999).
753:
715:
316:52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot
298:. Two years were then spent at the
24:
919:
819:Australian Dictionary of Biography
735:Dictionary of Australian Biography
668:Australian Dictionary of Biography
633:
353:
203:Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order
25:
1335:
857:Colonization of Australia 1829â42
769:. 13 October 1838. Archived from
87: â 15 May 1841
1319:People of the Battle of Waterloo
1133:
585:, was a member of parliament in
484:on 7 May 1869. He was buried at
318:and in January 1812 went to the
234:
52:
608:Historical Records of Australia
574:Gawler's eldest surviving son,
476:Gawler spent his last years at
348:Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order
309:
1294:52nd Regiment of Foot officers
987:Captain John Hindmarsh, KH, RN
844:
825:
822:, Retrieved 30 September 2018.
673:Australian National University
569:City Council Chamber, Adelaide
546:Derby's Town and County Museum
265:, at the same time serving as
13:
1:
761:"The Pestonjee Bomanjee 1838"
627:
446:, in which he suggested that
277:
1279:Governors of South Australia
1043:Governors of South Australia
900:(3â4): 44â60. Archived from
814:Grey, Sir George (1812â1898)
663:"Gawler, George (1795â1869)"
464:Syria and its Near Prospects
456:The Emancipation of the Jews
429:discovery of copper at Burra
272:
7:
994:Governor of South Australia
894:South Australian Naturalist
592:
563:A portrait of him hangs in
263:Governor of South Australia
67:Governor of South Australia
10:
1340:
1004:Sir George Edward Grey KCB
622:Thomas Shuldham O'Halloran
565:Parliament House, Adelaide
403:, promoting its commander
1142:
1131:
1049:
1000:
991:
983:
978:
766:South Australian Register
491:
247:
229:
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208:
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141:
136:
132:
120:
108:
98:
79:17 October 1838
72:
64:
60:
51:
34:
871:Glover, Stephen (1829).
839:Harvard University Press
420:South Australian Company
926:Works by George Gawler
831:Abigail Green (2010),
581:One of his grandsons,
501:
360:Captain John Hindmarsh
300:Royal Military College
852:Richard Charles Mills
740:Angus & Robertson
567:, and another in the
499:
462:. In a further work,
364:Resident Commissioner
338:who was the niece of
284:73rd Regiment of Foot
267:Resident Commissioner
797:Views from the Hills
527:at the north end of
435:Later life and death
979:Government offices
480:, where he died of
368:James Hurtle Fisher
350:(KH), third class.
253:Lieutenant-Colonel
936:"Government House"
773:on 7 December 2014
507:Great Eastern Road
502:
373:Pestonjee Bomanjee
332:Battle of Waterloo
37:Lieutenant Colonel
1266:
1265:
1010:
1009:
1001:Succeeded by
930:Project Gutenberg
841:, pp.214-215,231.
682:978-0-522-84459-7
661:Hetherington, R.
602: (1840 ship)
587:Western Australia
340:Samuel Richardson
251:
250:
16:(Redirected from
1331:
1137:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1013:
1012:
984:Preceded by
976:
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971:
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967:
958:. Archived from
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904:on 7 August 2011
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748:
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730:"Gawler, George"
722:
713:
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707:
705:
658:
554:Joseph Whittaker
533:Edward John Eyre
460:Moses Montefiore
413:Government House
240:
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209:Military service
167:
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137:Personal details
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1115:Earl of Kintore
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962:on 12 June 2011
954:
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943:
942:on 11 June 2011
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920:Further reading
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726:Serle, Percival
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634:
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600:Governor Gawler
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393:New South Wales
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354:South Australia
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18:Governor Gawler
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583:Douglas Gawler
540:Maria massacre
529:Eyre Peninsula
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382:Rio de Janeiro
355:
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320:Peninsular War
311:
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230:Branch/service
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168:(aged 73)
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115:John Hindmarsh
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877:. p. 58.
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572:
570:
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561:
559:
555:
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547:
543:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
525:Gawler Ranges
521:
519:
515:
510:
508:
500:George Gawler
498:
489:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
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445:
440:
432:
430:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
409:Port Adelaide
406:
402:
398:
397:William Light
394:
391:to come from
390:
389:Charles Sturt
385:
383:
379:
375:
374:
369:
365:
361:
351:
349:
345:
344:William Leeke
341:
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325:
321:
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285:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:George Gawler
246:
243:
232:
228:
224:
219:
218:Great Britain
216:
212:
207:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
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177:
175:Resting place
173:
159:
155:
144:
140:
135:
131:
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125:
119:
116:
113:
107:
104:
101:
97:
76:
71:
68:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:George Gawler
38:
33:
30:
19:
1178:Hore-Ruthven
1064:
992:
964:. Retrieved
960:the original
944:. Retrieved
940:the original
906:. Retrieved
902:the original
897:
893:
883:
873:
866:
856:
846:
833:
827:
817:
796:
775:. Retrieved
771:the original
764:
755:
743:. Retrieved
733:
709:
702:. Retrieved
666:
617:(brigantine)
614:
606:
599:
580:
573:
562:
544:
537:
522:
512:The town of
511:
503:
475:
470:
468:
463:
455:
443:
441:
438:
417:
401:police force
386:
371:
357:
313:
310:Army service
304:Great Marlow
281:
254:
252:
242:British Army
152:21 July 1795
122:Succeeded by
74:
29:
1309:1869 deaths
1304:1795 births
777:30 November
558:Kew Gardens
424:George Grey
405:Henry Inman
225:(1801â1846)
220:(1795â1801)
127:George Grey
110:Preceded by
91:1841-May-15
1273:Categories
1145:Federation
1085:MacDonnell
1052:Federation
998:1838â1841
738:. Sydney:
704:4 November
628:References
486:Portsmouth
278:Early life
214:Allegiance
191:Occupation
178:Portsmouth
164:1869-05-08
160:7 May 1869
148:1795-07-21
83:1838-10-17
1158:Bosanquet
1095:Fergusson
1060:Hindmarsh
691:1833-7538
550:albatross
542:in 1840.
535:in 1839.
482:pneumonia
452:Palestine
431:in 1845.
296:Islington
273:Biography
75:In office
1233:Mitchell
1218:Nicholls
1213:Oliphant
1208:Harrison
1153:Le Hunte
1110:Robinson
1100:Musgrave
908:27 March
854:(1915).
745:28 March
728:(1949).
699:70677943
593:See also
478:Southsea
378:Tenerife
170:Southsea
103:Victoria
1258:Adamson
1228:Dunstan
1203:Bastyan
1173:Bridges
1168:Weigall
1105:Jervois
1050:Before
966:23 June
946:23 June
324:Badajoz
162: (
99:Monarch
89: (
81: (
1248:Scarce
1223:Seaman
1198:George
1193:Norrie
1163:Galway
1143:After
1120:Buxton
1065:Gawler
697:
689:
679:
514:Gawler
492:Legacy
328:Madrid
288:Mysore
239:
199:Awards
183:Spouse
1183:Dugan
1080:Young
615:Maria
576:Henry
518:river
336:Derby
292:Devon
186:Maria
1238:Neal
1090:Daly
1075:Robe
1070:Grey
968:2011
948:2011
910:2011
779:2010
747:2011
706:2019
695:OCLC
687:ISSN
677:ISBN
523:The
448:Jews
418:The
380:and
157:Died
142:Born
65:2nd
928:at
816:",
1275::
1253:Le
898:73
896:.
892:.
837:,
805:^
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