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10 appointed by the president of
Zanzibar, 5 exofficio members, and an attorney general appointed by the president. In May 2002, the government increased the number of special seats allocated to women from 10 to 15, which will increase the number of House of Representatives members to 81. Ostensibly, Zanzibar's House of Representatives can make laws for Zanzibar without the approval of the union government as long as it does not involve union-designated matters. The terms of office for Zanzibar's president and House of Representatives also are 5 years. The semiautonomous relationship between Zanzibar and the union is a relatively unique system of government.
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become a member of the Union
Parliament. Changes to the Zanzibar Constitution in April 2002 allowed both the CCM and CUF parties to nominate members to the Zanzibar Electoral Commission. In May 2003, the Zanzibar Electoral Commission conducted by-elections to fill vacant seats in the parliament, including those seats vacated by the CUF boycott. Observers considered these by-elections, the first major test of the reconciliation agreement, to be free, fair, and peaceful. President Mkapa, Vice President
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1008:
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35:
755:, Tanzania undertook a number of political and economic reforms. In January and February 1992, the government decided to adopt multiparty democracy. Legal and constitutional changes led to the registration of 11 political parties. Two parliamentary by-elections in early 1994, both won by Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), were the first-ever multiparty elections in Tanzanian history.
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For administrative purposes, Tanzania is divided into 30 regions—25 in the mainland and 5 on
Zanzibar. Ninety-nine districts have been created to further increase local authority. These districts are also now referred to as local government authorities. Currently there are 114 councils operating in
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Laws passed by the
National Assembly are valid for Zanzibar only in specifically designated union matters. Zanzibar's House of Representatives has jurisdiction over all non-union matters. There are currently 76 members in the House of Representatives in Zanzibar, including 50 elected by the people,
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The executive branch of the
Tanzanian government is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws and policies of the country. It is headed by the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, who serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The President is elected for a term
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In
October 2001, the CCM and the CUF parties signed a reconciliation agreement that called for electoral reforms and set up a Commission of Inquiry to investigate the deaths that occurred in January 2001 on Pemba. The agreement also led to the President appointment of an additional CUF official to
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The executive branch in
Tanzania is responsible for overseeing the country's economic development, foreign affairs, defense, and internal security. It plays a key role in implementing policies aimed at promoting economic growth, improving living standards, and reducing poverty. It also works to
963:
The executive branch is further divided into ministries, each of which is responsible for a specific area of government policy. The ministers are appointed by the
President and are responsible for the day-to-day operations of their respective ministries. Each ministry is headed by a Permanent
813:
marked
Tanzania as a "hybrid regime", ranking it 90th out of 167, an improvement from 92nd the year before, but preceding a decline on a number of metrics as shown in subsequent Freedom House studies. By 2018, many of the factors taken into account by Freedom House had undergone a small but
1841:, ending in the federal Court of Appeal. The Zanzibar court system parallels the legal system of Mainland Tanzania, and all cases tried in Zanzibari courts, except for those involving constitutional issues and Islamic law, can be appealed to the Court of Appeals of the union.
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or Bunge has 393 seats — 264 elected by popular vote, 113 allocated to women chosen by their parties in proportion to their share of the electoral vote, 10 nominated by the president, five members chosen by the
Zanzibar House of Representatives, and the Attorney General as an
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Other important officials in the executive branch include the Attorney General, who is the principal legal adviser to the government, and the Chief Secretary, who is the head of the civil service and is responsible for ensuring the smooth functioning of the government.
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significant decline, with the most recent reports citing a marked deterioration in the rights of civil society and reduced the abilities of political opposition to criticize the Magufuli regime. Tanzania remains in the "Partly free" category as of 2018.
802:, and National Assembly members will serve until the next general elections in 2005. Similarly, Zanzibar President Karume and members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives also will complete their terms of office in 2005.
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to participate in the Parliament, the 48 special women's seats which were made up of 20% of the seats a particular party had in the House, 181 constituents seats of members of Parliament from the mainland, and 50 seats from
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of five years, and can be re-elected for a maximum of two terms. In the event a serving president dies or is incapacitated and the Vice President serves three-fourths of the current term, they cannot run for a second term.
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leader who led Tanganyika from colonial rule, was elected President in 1961. One of Africa’s most respected figures, Julius Nyerere was seen as a politician of principle and intelligence. Known as
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has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 70 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms).
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members. The Constitution also empowers him to nominate 10 non-elected members of Parliament, who also are eligible to become cabinet members.
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774:. The election was marred by irregularities, and subsequent political violence claimed at least 23 lives in January 2001, mostly on
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maintain peace and stability within the country, and to build strong partnerships with other countries in the region and beyond.
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holds about 86% of the seats in the Assembly elected in 2005, and held 93% of seats in the previous Assembly elected in 2000.
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In mainland Tanzania, appeal is from the Primary Courts through the District Courts and Resident Magistrate Courts, to the
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became the new president after the sudden death of President John Magufuli. She is the first female President of Tanzania.
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in December 2015, Tanzania has witnessed a marked decline in respect for free expression, association and assembly.
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and bullets against demonstrators. Hundreds were injured, and state forces were reported to have attacked boats of
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In October 2000, Tanzania held its second multi-party general elections. The ruling CCM party’s candidate,
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Tanzania has a five-level judiciary, which comprises the jurisdictions of tribal, Islamic, and British
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by the people. The Vice President may also be assigned specific responsibilities by the President.
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99 districts, 22 are urban and 92 are rural. The 22 urban units are classified further as city (
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who serves as the government's leader in the National Assembly. The president selects his
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2151:. Association of Commonwealth Criminal Lawyers. Archived from the original on 2011-05-15
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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A commercial court was established in September 1999 as a division of the High Court.
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arranged in two ways, alphabetically by member and alphabetically by constituency.
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National Assembly elected in 2000 had 295 members. These 295 members included the
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The President is assisted in their duties by the Vice President, who is also
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The Judges of the Court of Appeal and the High Court are appointed by the
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Secretary, who is the chief administrative officer of the ministry.
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751:. Beginning in the mid-1980s, under the administration of President
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2123:"Tanzania swears in new president after sudden death of Magufuli"
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1154:. An overview on elections and election results is included in
740:(teacher), he proposed a widely acclaimed vision of education.
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From independence in 1961 until the mid-1980s, Tanzania was a
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Dar Helped Kick out Amin, so why isn't Uganda More Grateful?
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National Convention for Construction and Reform-Mageuzi
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is independent of the executive and the legislature.
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and parliament. The party system is dominated by the
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1848:. Judges of more junior courts are appointed by the
136:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1991:
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805:As of 2010, Tanzania was ranked Partly Free by
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1211:(unregistered) - Reverend Christopher Mtikila
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728:Full independence came in December 1961 and
2189:. Commonwealth Local Government Forum. 2017
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63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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214:Learn how and when to remove this message
196:Learn how and when to remove this message
2300:Science, Technology and Higher Education
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3195:Natural resource and waste management
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2103:. Human Rights Watch. 17 January 2019
2072:"Freedom in the World 2018: Tanzania"
2031:. Freedom House. 2010. Archived from
2029:"Freedom in the World 2010: Tanzania"
1956:Democracy Index 2023: Age of Conflict
1814:Elections and referendums in Tanzania
1548:
1534:Elections and referendums in Zanzibar
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1152:List of political parties in Tanzania
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978:
1105:list of current members of the Bunge
134:adding citations to reliable sources
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28:
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1992:Otieno, Christine (2 March 2001).
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2246:to help reach a consensus. ›
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2149:"Tanzanian criminal court system"
2021:
2011:"Tanzania: Year In Review 2001".
1181:Chama cha Democracia na Maendeleo
1150:For other political parties, see
1127:Zanzibar House of Representatives
828:On 19 March 2021, Vice President
44:This article has multiple issues.
2640:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2410:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1994:"Eyewitness: Suspicion on Pemba"
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1125:, five members elected from the
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821:since the election of President
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263:is exercised by the government.
230:takes place in a framework of a
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2074:. Freedom House. Archived from
1974:from the original on 2024-06-09
1165:or CCM (Revolutionary Party) -
1146:Political parties and elections
121:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
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2090:
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2004:
1985:
1224:Union for Multiparty Democracy
848:shares a light moment with PM
13:
1:
2295:Natural Resources and Tourism
2275:Agriculture and Food Security
2268:
2231:
1941:
1089:National Assembly of Tanzania
2097:"Tanzania: Events of 2018".
747:, with a socialist model of
7:
3220:Water supply and sanitation
2100:World Report 2019: Tanzania
2051:Economist Intelligence Unit
1964:Economist Intelligence Unit
551:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
288:Economist Intelligence Unit
10:
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917:Vice-President of Tanzania
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2260:by Charles Onyango-Obbo,
2168:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
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440:Chief Justice of Tanzania
277:Revolutionary State Party
83:This article needs to be
3262:House of Representatives
2395:Central African Republic
2244:templates for discussion
1865:Subdivisions of Tanzania
1859:Administrative divisions
1195:Augustine Lyatonga Mrema
902:Majaliwa Kassim Majaliwa
852:at the latter's hometown
730:Julius Kambarage Nyerere
658:House of Representatives
648:Revolutionary Government
2227:Prime Minister's Office
2014:Encyclopædia Britannica
1364:Parliamentary elections
1200:United Democratic Party
766:presidential election,
3200:Persecution of Albinos
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2800:East African Campaign
2218:East African Community
2047:"Democracy Index 2011"
1938:), and town councils.
1279:Presidential elections
1117:for 5-year terms. The
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641:Hemed Suleiman Abdalla
570:Diplomatic missions of
267:is vested in both the
145:"Politics of Tanzania"
18:Government of Tanzania
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2818:Sultanate of Zanzibar
2555:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2415:Republic of the Congo
2280:Education and Culture
1271:Elections in Tanzania
1191:Tanzania Labour Party
1185:Freeman Aikaeli Mbowe
1156:Elections in Tanzania
1078:
1013:Ministers of Tanzania
843:
653:Revolutionary Council
245:President of Tanzania
3319:Politics of Tanzania
2823:Zanzibar slave trade
2035:on 15 December 2010.
1059:Water and Irrigation
857:Main office-holders
778:, where police used
749:economic development
724:Political conditions
635:Othman Masoud Sharif
302:Politics of Tanzania
228:politics of Tanzania
130:improve this article
2845:Uganda–Tanzania War
2830:Zanzibar Revolution
2795:Maji Maji Rebellion
2630:States with limited
2341:Politics of Africa
2249:Tanzania Government
2211:Tanzania Parliament
1163:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
927:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
907:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
887:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
858:
830:Samia Suluhu Hassan
678:Tanzania portal
362:Samia Suluhu Hassan
273:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
3175:List of Tanzanians
3089:Telecommunications
2864:
2835:Arusha Declaration
2790:German East Africa
2078:on 8 February 2019
1228:Abdullah Fundikira
1217:or NCCR-Mageuzi -
1176:Seif Shariff Hamad
1172:Civic United Front
1085:
1071:Legislative branch
1049:Industry and Trade
856:
854:
819:Human Rights Watch
772:Seif Shariff Hamad
768:Abeid Amani Karume
445:Ibrahim Hamis Juma
290:rated Tanzania a "
257:multi-party system
253:head of government
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911:20 November 2015
798:, Prime Minister
796:Ali Mohamed Shein
760:Benjamin W. Mkapa
753:Ali Hassan Mwinyi
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544:Foreign relations
506:Political parties
476:Recent elections
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1103:Knowledge has a
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2129:. 19 March 2021
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811:Democracy Index
745:one-party state
732:(1922–1999), a
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931:31 March 2021
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3150:Ethnic groups
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1054:Union Affairs
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922:Philip Mpango
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817:According to
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374:Philip Mpango
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119:This article
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95:December 2020
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51:
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31:
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27:
19:
3140:Demographics
3061:Central bank
2981:Human rights
2954:Constitution
2936:
2808:British rule
2705:Saint Helena
2676:
2594:
2580:South Africa
2570:Sierra Leone
2375:Burkina Faso
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2117:
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1219:James Mbatia
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1044:Home Affairs
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519:Subdivisions
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332:Human rights
325:Constitution
301:
285:
276:
235:presidential
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128:Please help
123:verification
120:
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3257:Archipelago
3056:Agriculture
2985:LGBT rights
2632:recognition
2585:South Sudan
2475:Ivory Coast
2232:‹ The
2222:State House
2056:20 December
1839:High Courts
1793:Referendums
1081:Kigwangalla
1029:Environment
949:from among
809:. The 2011
786:fleeing to
597:Visa policy
574:in Tanzania
406:Legislature
294:" in 2022.
255:, and of a
186:August 2012
3180:Literature
3160:Healthcare
3073:(currency)
2996:Parliament
2965:High Court
2959:Corruption
2813:Tanganyika
2687:(Portugal)
2645:Somaliland
2565:Seychelles
2530:Mozambique
2515:Mauritania
2500:Madagascar
2455:The Gambia
2390:Cape Verde
2269:Ministries
2193:2023-04-16
2184:"Tanzania"
2155:2010-12-29
2127:Al Jazeera
1978:2024-07-22
1942:References
1832:common law
1812:See also:
1678:1961 (Jun)
1673:1961 (Jan)
1660:Parliament
1532:See also:
1204:John Cheyo
1187:(chairman)
1119:unicameral
844:President
457:High Court
418:Job Ndugai
345:Government
269:government
238:democratic
156:newspapers
49:improve it
3170:Languages
3145:Education
3099:Transport
3071:Shilling
3066:Companies
3006:President
2971:Elections
2918:Volcanoes
2888:Districts
2871:Geography
2520:Mauritius
1928:Shinyanga
1846:President
1592:President
1226:or UMD -
1202:or UDP -
1193:or TLP -
1174:or CUF -
877:President
734:socialist
617:President
531:Districts
482:General:
470:Elections
433:Judiciary
352:President
281:Judiciary
55:talk page
3313:Category
3293:Category
3234:Zanzibar
3210:Religion
3165:HIV/AIDS
3084:Taxation
2991:Military
2963:Courts (
2937:Politics
2923:Wildlife
2785:Timeline
2769:articles
2765:Tanzania
2711: /
2707: /
2700:(France)
2694: /
2672: /
2668: /
2620:Zimbabwe
2595:Tanzania
2445:Ethiopia
2440:Eswatini
2420:Djibouti
2385:Cameroon
2370:Botswana
2234:template
2164:cite web
2133:8 August
2107:8 August
2082:8 August
1998:BBC News
1969:Archived
1912:Morogoro
1584:Zanzibar
1132:Zanzibar
1111:Tanzania
1098:Zanzibar
784:refugees
780:tear gas
764:Zanzibar
639:Second:
610:Zanzibar
587:Passport
556:Minister
247:is both
241:republic
3277:Outline
3242:History
3135:Culture
3125:Cuisine
3113:Society
3094:Tourism
3044:Economy
2949:Cabinet
2908:Regions
2893:Islands
2777:History
2696:RĂ©union
2692:Mayotte
2683:Madeira
2678:(Spain)
2674:Melilla
2605:Tunisia
2575:Somalia
2560:Senegal
2545:Nigeria
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2525:Morocco
2490:Liberia
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2405:Comoros
2380:Burundi
2355:Algeria
2285:Finance
2236:below (
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1924:Singida
1475:1988–89
1372:1958–59
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947:cabinet
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526:Regions
413:Speaker
279:). The
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3190:Music
3185:Media
2898:Lakes
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2480:Kenya
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2425:Egypt
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2305:Works
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1900:Lindi
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865:Name
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788:Kenya
177:JSTOR
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3155:Flag
3129:wine
3028:List
3011:List
2600:Togo
2510:Mali
2400:Chad
2170:link
2135:2021
2109:2021
2084:2021
2058:2011
1874:and
1800:2010
1784:2020
1779:2016
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