Climate change denial

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the report, the administration also for the first time places most of the blame for recent global warming on human actions—mainly the burning of fossil fuels that send heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere." The report "does not propose any major shift in the administration's policy on greenhouse gases. Instead it recommends adapting to inevitable changes instead of making rapid and drastic reductions in greenhouse gases to limit warming." This position apparently precipitated a similar shift in emphasis at the COP 8 climate talks in New Delhi several months later; "The shift satisfies the Bush administration, which has fought to avoid mandatory cuts in emissions for fear it would harm the economy. 'We're welcoming a focus on more of a balance on adaptation versus mitigation', said a senior American negotiator in New Delhi. 'You don't have enough money to do everything.

2555: 3295: 3077: 3188: 3265: 3241: 555: 3139: 3308: 1365: 2656: 1748: 793:("Climategate") in 2009 claimed that researchers faked the data in their research publications and suppressed their critics in order to receive more funding (i.e. taxpayer money). Eight committees investigated these allegations and published reports, each finding no evidence of fraud or scientific misconduct. According to the Muir Russell report, the scientists' "rigor and honesty as scientists are not in doubt", the investigators "did not find any evidence of behavior that might undermine the conclusions of the IPCC assessments", but there had been "a consistent pattern of failing to display the proper degree of openness." The scientific consensus that climate change is occurring as a result of 450: 538: 2253:(who later became president of the United States from 2017 to 2021) said, "With the coldest winter ever recorded, with snow setting record levels up and down the coast, the Nobel committee should take the Nobel Prize back from Al Gore....Gore wants us to clean up our factories and plants in order to protect us from global warming, when China and other countries couldn't care less. It would make us totally noncompetitive in the manufacturing world, and China, Japan and India are laughing at America's stupidity." In 2012, Trump tweeted, "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive." 2306: 673:. Avery's list was immediately called into question for misunderstanding and distorting the conclusions of many of the named studies and citing outdated, flawed studies that had long been abandoned. Many of the scientists on the list demanded their names be removed. At least 45 of them had no idea they were included as "co-authors" and disagreed with the article's conclusions. The Heartland Institute refused these requests, saying that the scientists "have no right—legally or ethically—to demand that their names be removed from a bibliography composed by researchers with whom they disagree". 340: 11789:

to such organizations, which include the Competitive Enterprise Institute, Frontiers of Freedom, the George C. Marshall Institute, the American Council for Capital Formation Center for Policy Research and the American Legislative Exchange Council... Exxon has become the single-largest corporate donor to some of the groups, accounting for more than 10 percent of their annual budgets. While a few of the groups say they also receive some money from other oil companies, it is only a small fraction of what they receive from ExxonMobil.

2975: 1040: 2802:, accusing them of causing a drought, falsifying thermometer readings, and cherry-picking warmer weather stations to misrepresent global warming. Also in 2023, CNN reported that meteorologists and climate communicators worldwide were receiving increased harassment and false accusations that they were lying about or controlling the weather, inflating temperature records to make climate change seem worse, and changing color palettes of weather maps to make them look more dramatic. The German television news service 3057:"to confuse the public" have succeeded. This has been "exacerbated by media treatment of the climate issue". According to a 2012 Pew poll, 57% of Americans are unaware of, or outright reject, the scientific consensus on climate change. Some organizations promoting climate change denial have asserted that scientists are increasingly rejecting climate change, but this is contradicted by research showing that 97% of published papers endorse the scientific consensus, and that percentage is increasing with time. 2497: 1435: 2319: 16076: 16064: 3512: 1796:

the science was uncertain", but now agreed with the scientific consensus.) From 2008 to 2017, the Republican Party went from "debating how to combat human-caused climate change to arguing that it does not exist". In 2011, "more than half of the Republicans in the House and three-quarters of Republican senators" said "that the threat of global warming, as a human-made and highly threatening phenomenon, is at best an exaggeration and at worst an utter 'hoax

16100: 16088: 728:. It says it summarizes scientific dissent from the IPCC. Many of its statements about the numbers of people listed in the report, whether they are actually scientists, and whether they support the positions attributed to them, have been disputed. Inhofe also said that "some parts of the IPCC process resembled a Soviet-style trial, in which the facts are predetermined, and ideological purity trumps technical and scientific rigor." 33: 11655: 11048:"We live on a spinning planet that rotates around a much bigger sun along with other planets and heavenly bodies rotating around the sun that all create gravitational pull on one another while our galaxy rotates and travels through the universe. Considering all of that, yes our climate will change, and it's totally normal! ... Don't fall for the scam, fossil fuels are natural and amazing" 3348:(published in 2002), stated in 2005, "Anyone still holding onto the idea that there is no global warming ought to hang it up." By 2007, he wrote "Details like sea level rise will continue to be debated by researchers, but if the debate over whether or not humanity is contributing to global warming wasn't over before, it is now.... as the new IPCC Summary makes clear, climate change 2457:, a controversial document in opposition to the Kyoto Protocol. The petition and accompanying "Research Review of Global Warming Evidence" claimed that "We are living in an increasingly lush environment of plants and animals as a result of the carbon dioxide increase. This is a wonderful and unexpected gift from the Industrial Revolution". In their book 741:

consensus is faked, or that the peer-review process for climate science papers has become corrupted by scientists seeking to suppress dissent. No evidence of such conspiracies has been presented. In fact, much of the data used in climate science is publicly available, contradicting allegations that scientists are hiding data or stonewalling requests.

993:. Rather than denying the existence of global warming, neoskeptics instead "question the magnitude of the risks and assert that reducing them has more costs than benefits." According to the authors, the emergence of neoskepticism "heightens the need for science to inform decision making under uncertainty and to improve communication and education." 1532:, the world's largest coal supplier, added that the coal industry was merely "buying time" before additional government air pollution regulations would be promulgated to clean the air. Nevertheless, the coal industry publicly advocated for decades thereafter the position that increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is beneficial for the planet. 1528:

increase" and "vast changes in the climates of the earth will result. Such changes in temperature will cause melting of the polar icecaps, which, in turn, would result in the inundation of many coastal cities, including New York and London." In a discussion following this paper in the same publication, a combustion engineer for Peabody Coal, now

1571:(EPA) report in 1983 said global warming was "not a theoretical problem but a threat whose effects will be felt within a few years", with potentially "catastrophic" consequences. The Reagan administration called the report "alarmist" and the dispute was widely covered. Public attention turned to other issues, then the 1985 finding of a polar 2902:, a popular scientist among climate change deniers, had failed to disclose conflicts of interest in at least 11 scientific papers published since 2008. They reported that he received a total of $ 1.25 million from ExxonMobil, Southern Company, the American Petroleum Institute, and a foundation run by the Koch brothers. Documents obtained by 1707:. They attempted to discredit the research by creating doubt, manipulating debate, discrediting the scientists involved, disputing their findings, and creating and maintaining an apparent controversy by promoting claims that contradicted scientific research. Doubt shielded the tobacco industry from litigation and regulation for decades. 3437:, had been a prominent critic of prevailing climate science. In 2011, he stated that "following an intensive research effort involving a dozen scientists, I concluded that global warming was real and that the prior estimates of the rate of warming were correct. I'm now going a step further: Humans are almost entirely the cause." 3043:, "They patterned what they did after the tobacco industry. ... Both figured, sow enough doubt, call the science uncertain and in dispute. That's had a huge impact on both the public and Congress." American media has propagated this approach, presenting a false balance between climate science and climate skeptics. In 2006 1598:, sought to spread doubt, in a strategy already developed by the tobacco industry. A small group of scientists opposed to the consensus on global warming became politically involved, and with support from conservative political interests, began publishing in books and the press rather than in scientific journals. Historian 2638:

results were often portrayed to the public as independent rather than industry-sponsored. Their work played a key role in undermining numerous major climate policy initiatives in the US over a span of decades. This study illustrates how the fossil fuel industry has funded biased economic analyses to oppose climate policy.

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by human activity could be seen as a victory for these deniers. One of the authors' main arguments is that most prominent scientists who have opposed the near-universal consensus are funded by industries, such as automotive and oil, that stand to lose money by government actions to regulate greenhouse gases.

973:, argued that emission controls' negative economic effects outweighed their environmental benefits. Climate change deniers tend to argue that even if global warming is caused solely by the burning of fossil fuels, restricting their use would damage the world economy than the increases in global temperature. 11788:

the company... has increased donations to... policy groups that, like Exxon itself, question the human role in global warming and argue that proposed government policies to limit carbon dioxide emissions associated with global warming are too heavy handed. Exxon now gives more than $ 1 million a year

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took a strong stance criticising both climate change deniers and corporate lobbyists by likening the Earth to a dying patient. "A scientific hypothesis is tested to absolute destruction, but medicine can't wait. If a doctor sees a child with a fever, he can't wait for tests. He has to act on what is

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have helped neighbors overcome their fears of political polarization and exclusion, and come together to address shared concerns about climate impacts in their communities. Some participants who start out with attitudes of anthropogenic climate change denial have shifted to identifying concerns which

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Dialogue focused on the question of how belief differs from scientific theory may provide useful insights into how the scientific method works, and how beliefs may have strong or minimal supporting evidence. Wong-Parodi's survey of the literature shows four effective approaches to dialogue, including

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media coverage differ from that in other countries, where reporting is more consistent with the scientific literature. Some journalists attribute the difference to climate change denial being propagated, mainly in the U.S., by business-centered organizations employing tactics worked out previously by

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Opinion about human causation of climate change increased substantially with education among voters of the Democratic Party in the U.S., but not among voters of the Republican Party. Conversely, opinions favoring becoming carbon neutral declined substantially with age among Republicans, but not among

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A study in 2022 traced the history of an influential group of economic consultants hired by the petroleum industry from the 1990s to the 2010s to estimate the costs of various proposed climate policies. The economists used models that inflated predicted costs while ignoring policy benefits, and their

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Texas, which has a large influence on school textbooks published nationwide, proposed textbooks in 2023 that included more information about the climate crisis than editions a decade earlier. But some books clouded the human causes of climate change and downplayed the role of fossil fuels, with Texas

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campaigns to cast doubt on the science by linking smoking anxieties with other issues, including global warming, in order to turn public opinion against calls for government intervention. The campaign depicted public concerns as "unfounded fears" supposedly based only on "junk science" in contrast to

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focus more on tighter government regulations and taxation, which are the basis for most environmental policy. Political affiliation also affects how different people interpret the same facts. More highly educated people are less likely to rely on their own interpretation and political ideology rather

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and cosmic rays, to explain the warming trend. According to these groups, there is natural variability that will abate over time, and human influence has little to do with it. But climate models already take these factors into account. The scientific consensus is that they cannot explain the observed

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One study of climate change denial among farmers in Australia found that farmers were less likely to take a position of climate denial if they had experienced improved production from climate-friendly practices, or identified a younger person as a successor for their farm. Therefore, seeing positive

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also funded Soon. Acknowledging that he received this money, Soon said that he had "never been motivated by financial reward in any of my scientific research". In 2015, Greenpeace disclosed papers documenting that Soon failed to disclose to academic journals funding including more than $ 1.2 million

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archival collection at the University of Texas and interviews with former Exxon employees indicate that the company's scientific opinion and its public posture toward climate change were contradictory. A systematic review of Exxon's climate modeling projections concluded that in private and academic

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2021, some right-wing nationalist organizations have adopted a theory of "environmental populism" advocating that natural resources be preserved for a nation's existing residents, to the exclusion of immigrants. Other such right-wing organizations have contrived new "green wings" that falsely assert

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Earlier, climate change deniers' online YouTube content focused on denying global warming, or saying such warming is not caused by humans burning fossil fuel. As such denials became untenable, content shifted to asserting that climate solutions are unworkable, that global warming is harmless or even

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said that while there was reasonable skepticism about specific issues, she felt that "denier" was "the most accurate term when someone claims there is no such thing as global warming, or agrees that it exists but denies that it has any cause we could understand or any impact that could be measured."

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Stoddard, Isak; Anderson, Kevin; Capstick, Stuart; Carton, Wim; Depledge, Joanna; Facer, Keri; Gough, Clair; Hache, Frederic; Hoolohan, Claire; Hultman, Martin; Hällström, Niclas; Kartha, Sivan; Klinsky, Sonja; Kuchler, Magdalena; Lövbrand, Eva; Nasiritousi, Naghmeh; Newell, Peter; Peters, Glen P.;

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Climate denial "is not simply overcome by reasoned argument", because it is not a rational response. Attempting to overcome denial using techniques of persuasive argument, such as supplying a missing piece of information, or providing general scientific education may be ineffective. A person who is

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over climate change, the fundamental strategy of climate change denial, has been very effective, particularly in the U.S. It has contributed to low levels of public concern and to government inaction worldwide. A 2010 Angus Reid poll found that global warming skepticism in the U.S., Canada, and the

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provide documentation for the assertion that professional deniers have tried to sow seeds of doubt in public opinion in order to halt any meaningful social or political action to reduce the impact of human carbon emissions. That only half of the American population believes global warming is caused

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reported, "even as the coalition worked to sway opinion , its own scientific and technical experts were advising that the science backing the role of greenhouse gases in global warming could not be refuted". In 2000, the Ford Motor Company was the first company to leave the coalition as a result of

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wrote, "the Heartland Institute is continuing to inflict its climate change denial literature on science teachers across the country". Each significant claim was rated for accuracy by scientists who were experts on that topic. It was found that "the 'Key Findings' section are incorrect, misleading,

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During the 1990s, the tobacco campaign died away, and TASSC began taking funding from oil companies, including Exxon. Its website became central in distributing "almost every kind of climate-change denial that has found its way into the popular press." Monbiot wrote that TASSC "has done more damage

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Another reason for the discrepancy in climate change denial between liberals and conservatives is that "contemporary environmental discourse is based largely on moral concerns related to harm and care, which are more deeply held by liberals than by conservatives"; if the discourse is instead framed

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Some find this shift and attitude disingenuous and indicative of a bias against prevention (i.e. reducing emissions/consumption) and toward prolonging the oil industry's profits at the environment's expense. In an article addressing the supposed economic hazards of addressing climate change, writer

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administration also voiced support for an adaptation-only policy in 2002. "In a stark shift for the Bush administration, the United States has sent a climate report to the United Nations detailing specific and far-reaching effects it says global warming will inflict on the American environment. In

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published the essay "Climate change and the soothing message of luke-warmism". He defined luke-warmists as "those who appear to accept the body of climate science but interpret it in a way that is least threatening: emphasising uncertainties, playing down dangers, and advocating a slow and cautious

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when referring to climate change denial. It contrasted scientific skepticism—which is "foundational to the scientific method"—with denial—"the a priori rejection of ideas without objective consideration"—and the behavior of those involved in political attempts to undermine climate science. It said:

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may have been the first to concentrate specifically on the topic. In it, Gelbspan discusses a "pervasive denial of global warming" in a "persistent campaign of denial and suppression" involving "undisclosed funding of these 'greenhouse skeptics'" with "the climate skeptics" confusing the public and

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Popular media in the U.S. gives greater attention to climate change skeptics than the scientific community as a whole, and the level of agreement within the scientific community has not been accurately communicated. In some cases, news outlets have let climate change skeptics instead of experts in

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We live on a spinning planet that rotates around a much bigger sun along with other planets and heavenly bodies rotating around the sun that all create gravitational pull on one another while our galaxy rotates and travels through the universe. Considering all of that, yes our climate will change,

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A 2000 article explored the connection between conservative think tanks and climate change denial. Research found that specific groups were marshaling skepticism against climate change; a 2008 University of Central Florida study found that 92% of "environmentally skeptical" literature published in

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described people's emotional impact and reactions to climate change, saying: "I mean, you have to be the Grim Reaper of reality in a world that isn't real fond of the Grim Reaper. That's why I use the term 'emotionally shut down', because I think I think you lose people at hello a lot times in the

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advised members of the Republican Party, with regard to climate change, that "you need to continue to make the lack of scientific certainty a primary issue" and "challenge the science" by "recruiting experts who are sympathetic to your view". (In 2006, Luntz said he still believes "back '97, '98,

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identifies this period as the point where skepticism about basic aspects of climate science was no longer justified, and those spreading mistrust about these issues became deniers. As the scientific community and new data increasingly refuted their arguments, deniers turned to political arguments,

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disputing this consensus. These people typically allege that, through worldwide acts of professional and criminal misconduct, the science behind climate change has been invented or distorted for ideological or financial reasons. They promote harmful conspiracy theories alleging that scientists and

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said climate change was a "scam", that "fossil fuels are natural and amazing", and that "there are some very powerful people that are getting rich beyond their wildest dreams convincing many that carbon is the enemy". Her tweet included a chart that omitted carbon dioxide and methane—the two most

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A study of climate change denial indicators in public opinion data from ten Gallup surveys from 2001 to 2010 shows that conservative white men in the U.S. are significantly more likely to deny climate change than other Americans. Conservative white men who report understanding climate change very

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alleging that the scientific consensus is illusory, or that climatologists are acting out of their own financial interests by causing undue alarm about a changing climate. Some climate change deniers claim that there is no scientific consensus on climate change, that any evidence for a scientific

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is only a trace gas in the atmosphere (0.04%), it cannot cause climate change. But scientists have known for over a century that even this small proportion has a significant warming effect, and doubling the proportion leads to a large temperature increase. Some groups allege that water vapor is a

1811:'s statement that "virtually no Republican" in Washington accepts climate change science was "mostly true"; PolitiFact counted "eight out of 278, or about 3 percent" of Republican members of Congress who "accept the prevailing scientific conclusion that global warming is both real and man-made." 713:

Economics Committee wrote, "We have some concerns about the objectivity of the IPCC process, with some of its emissions scenarios and summary documentation apparently influenced by political considerations." It doubted the high emission scenarios and said that the IPCC had "played-down" what the

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A study found that public climate change policy support and behavior are significantly influenced by public beliefs, attitudes and risk perceptions. As of March 2018 the rate of acceptance among U.S. TV forecasters that the climate is changing has increased to 95 percent. The number of local TV

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that Cooney "edited a 2002 report on climate science by sprinkling it with phrases such as 'lack of understanding' and 'considerable uncertainty'." Cooney reportedly removed an entire section on climate in one report, whereupon another lobbyist sent him a fax saying "You are doing a great job."

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U.S. fossil fuel companies have known about global warming since at least the 1960s. In 1966, a coal industry research organization, Bituminous Coal Research Inc., published its finding that if then prevailing trends of coal consumption continued, "the temperature of the earth's atmosphere will

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Since the late 1980s, this well-coordinated, well-funded campaign by contrarian scientists, free-market think tanks and industry has created a paralyzing fog of doubt around climate change. Through advertisements, op-eds, lobbying and media attention, greenhouse doubters (they hate being called

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behavior. Political worldview plays an important role in environmental policy and action. Liberals tend to focus on environmental risks, while conservatives focus on the benefits of economic development. Because of this difference, conflicting opinions on the acceptance of climate change arise.

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is the product of "a multibillion-dollar worldwide industry: created by fanatically anti-industrial environmentalists; supported by scientists peddling scare stories to chase funding; and propped up by complicit politicians and the media". The programme's publicity materials claim that man-made

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testified to a Congressional hearing on 23 June 1988, saying with high confidence that long-term warming was underway with severe warming likely within the next 50 years, and warning of likely storms and floods. There was increasing media attention: the scientific community had reached a broad

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The National Center for Science Education describes climate change denial as disputing differing points in the scientific consensus, a sequential range of arguments from denying the occurrence of climate change, accepting that but denying any significant human contribution, accepting these but

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Between 2002 and 2010, the combined annual income of 91 climate change counter-movement organizations—think tanks, advocacy groups and industry associations—was roughly $ 900 million. During the same period, billionaires secretively donated nearly $ 120 million (£77 million) via the

2162:. Marketed as an alternative to mainstream education, the publication does not attribute authorship or cite scientific credentials. The NCSE's deputy director called the publication "propaganda" and "very unreliable as a guide to climate change for kids", saying it represented "present-day" 630:

argue that there is a greenhouse gas saturation effect that significantly decreases the warming potential of further gases released into the atmosphere. Such an effect does exist in some form, as Happer's research demonstrates, but is likely negligible with respect to net global warming.

275:"Not all individuals who call themselves climate change skeptics are deniers. But virtually all deniers have falsely branded themselves as skeptics. By perpetrating this misnomer, journalists have granted undeserved credibility to those who reject science and scientific inquiry." 1420:

Affiliation with a political group, especially in the U.S., is an important personal and social identity for many. Because of this, many people hold the popular values of their political affiliation, regardless of their personal beliefs, so as not to be ostracized by the group.

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entry on global warming" that advised "to describe those who don't accept climate science or dispute the world is warming from human-made forces, use 'climate change doubters' or 'those who reject mainstream climate science'. Avoid use of 'skeptics' or 'deniers.'" In May 2019,

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Acknowledgment of climate change by politicians, while expressing uncertainty as to how much of it is due to human activity, has been described as a new form of climate denial, and "a reliable tool to manipulate public perception of climate change and stall political action".

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described how the media give the misleading impression that climate change is still disputed within the scientific community, attributing this impression to climate change skeptics' PR efforts. He identified different positions that climate skeptics argue, which he used as a

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consensus that the climate was warming, human activity was very likely the primary cause, and there would be significant consequences if the trend was not curbed. These facts encouraged discussion about new environmental regulations, which the fossil fuel industry opposed.

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The adaptation-only plan is also endorsed by oil companies like ExxonMobil. According to a Ceres report, "ExxonMobil's plan appears to be to stay the course and try to adjust when changes occur. The company's plan is one that involves adaptation, as opposed to leadership."

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response. They are politically conservative and anxious about the threat to the social structure posed by the implications of climate science. Their 'pragmatic' approach is therefore alluring to political leaders looking for a justification for policy minimalism." He cited

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and the tendency to always take "as gospel the lowest estimate of a plausible range". Neoskeptics err on the side of the least disruptive projections and least active policies and, as such, neglect or misapprehend the full spectrum of risks associated with global warming.

1618:, which had been organized in the 1970s as an intellectual counter-movement to socialism, turned from the "red scare" to the "green scare" tactic, which they saw as a threat to their aims of private property, free trade market economies, and global capitalism. They used 996:

There is a range of possible mitigation policies. Disagreement over the sufficiency, viability, or desirability of a given policy is not necessarily neoskepticism. But neoskepticism is marked by failure to appreciate the increased risks associated with delayed action.

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Many issues that are settled in the scientific community, such as human responsibility for climate change, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them—an ideological phenomenon academics and scientists call

14212: 1254:. In each case their argument was that the science was too uncertain to justify any government intervention, a strategy it borrowed from earlier efforts to downplay the health effects of tobacco in the 1980s. This campaign would continue for the next two decades. 1508:

deniers) argued first that the world is not warming; measurements indicating otherwise are flawed, they said. Then they claimed that any warming is natural, not caused by human activities. Now they contend that the looming warming will be minuscule and harmless.

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Scientists are investigating which factors associated with conspiracy belief can be influenced and changed. They have identified "uncertainty, feelings of powerlessness, political cynicism, magical thinking, and errors in logical and probabilistic reasoning".

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circles since the late 1970s and early 1980s, ExxonMobil predicted global warming correctly and skillfully, correctly dismissed the possibility of a coming ice age in favor of a "carbon dioxide induced super-interglacial", and reasonably estimated how much CO

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wrote: "Now that the dismissal of climate change is no longer fashionable, the professional deniers are trying another means of stopping us from taking action. It would be cheaper, they say, to wait for the impacts of climate change and then adapt to them".

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In April 2023, French political scientist Jean-Yves Dormagen said that the modest and conservative classes were the most skeptical about climate change. In a study by the Jean-Jaurès Foundation published the same month, climate skepticism was compared to a

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companies, they stand to lose a lot of money if global warming is shown to be a myth. According to this theory, environmental groups therefore bribe climate scientists to doctor their data so that they are able to secure their financial investment in green

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said, "the climate change agenda is a hoax" and that "more people are dying of climate change policies than they actually are of climate change"; none of his competitors challenged him directly on climate. After investigating Ramaswamy's latter claim, a

1051:, in which people misattribute events to a powerful group's secret plot or plan. People with certain cognitive tendencies are also more drawn than others to conspiracy theories about climate change. Conspiratorial beliefs are more predominantly found in 2844:(AEI) offered British, American, and other scientists $ 10,000 plus travel expenses to publish articles critical of the assessment. The institute had received more than $ 1.6 million from Exxon, and its vice-chairman of trustees was former Exxon head 489:"to give the appearance of legitimate debate where there is none, an approach that has the ultimate goal of rejecting a proposition on which a scientific consensus exists." This process characteristically uses one or more of the following tactics: 1665:

reported that "the denial machine is running at full throttle", and that this "well-coordinated, well-funded campaign" by contrarian scientists, free-market think tanks, and industry had "created a paralyzing fog of doubt around climate change."

1186:: cognition, ideological worldviews, comparisons to key people, costs and momentum, disbelief in experts and authorities, perceived risks of change, and inadequate behavioral changes. Other factors include distance in time, space, and influence. 3049:

reported that most Europeans and Japanese accepted the consensus on scientific climate change, but only one third of Americans thought human activity plays a major role in climate change; 64% believed that scientists disagreed about it "a lot".

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Efforts to lobby against environmental regulation have included campaigns to manufacture doubt about the science behind climate change and to obscure the scientific consensus and data. These have undermined public confidence in climate science.

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when "someone is challenging established science", but assessing this on an individual basis with no fixed policy, and would not use the term when someone was "kind of wishy-washy on the subject or in the middle". The executive director of the

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was an industry coalition that funded several scientists who expressed skepticism about global warming. In 2000, several members left the coalition when they became the target of a national divestiture campaign run by John Passacantando and

2726:. Between 1998 and 2004, ExxonMobil granted $ 16 million to advocacy organizations which disputed the impact of global warming. From 1989 till April 2010, ExxonMobil and its predecessor Mobil purchased regular Thursday advertorials in 2264:

administrator, had previously said that global temperatures were not rising. But a month after the Senate confirmed his NASA position in April 2018, he acknowledged that human emissions of greenhouse gases are raising global temperatures.

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has said that deniers such as Michaels are lobbyists more than researchers, and "I don't think it's unethical any more than most lobbying is unethical". He said donations to deniers amount to "trying to get a political message across".

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identified "ten fringe publishers" that together were responsible for nearly 70 percent of Facebook user interactions with content that denied climate change. Facebook said the percentage was overstated and called the study misleading.

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Jerry Taylor of the Niskanen Center posits that climate change denial is an important component of Trumpian historical consciousness, and "plays a significant role in the architecture of Trumpism as a developing philosophical system".

868:, including Sherwood Idso and S. Fred Singer, has said, "The growing consensus on climate change policies is that adaptation will protect present and future generations from climate-sensitive risks far more than efforts to restrict CO 744:

Some climate change deniers assert that the scientific consensus on climate change is based on conspiracies to produce manipulated data or suppress dissent. It is one of a number of tactics used in climate change denial to attempt to

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United Kingdom has been rising. There may be multiple causes of this trend, including a focus on economic rather than environmental issues, and a negative perception of the United Nations and its role in discussing climate change.

3394:, also changed his mind in 2006, and wrote an essay titled "Case Closed: The Debate About Global Warming is Over". In 2006, he stated, "based on the data I'm now switching sides regarding global warming, from skeptic to convert." 1958:(they are few and far between). All three groups act like lobbyists: from a thousand research results, they cherry-pick and present the three that happen to support their own position – albeit only with a liberal interpretation." 1629:

The campaign to spread doubt continued into the 1990s, including an advertising campaign funded by coal industry advocates intended to "reposition global warming as theory rather than fact". There was also a 1998 proposal by the

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Climate denial has started to decrease among the Republican Party leadership toward acknowledgment that "the climate is changing"; a 2019 study by several major think tanks called the climate right "fragmented and underfunded".

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On the other hand, global oil companies have begun to acknowledge the existence of climate change and its risks. Still, top oil firms are spending millions lobbying to delay, weaken, or block policies to tackle climate change.

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In response to increasing public awareness of the greenhouse effect in the 1970s, conservative reaction built up, denying environmental concerns that could lead to government regulation. In 1977, the first Secretary of Energy,

14251: 7795:"Psychology and Global Climate Change: Addressing a Multi-faceted Phenomenon and Set of Challenges. A Report by the American Psychological Association's Task Force on the Interface Between Psychology and Global Climate Change" 1356:, enhance the national image. Right-wing political orientation, which may indicate susceptibility to climate conspiracy beliefs, was also found to be negatively correlated with support for genuine climate mitigation policies. 1066:

In 2012, researchers found that belief in other conspiracy theories was associated with being more likely to endorse climate change denial. Examples of science-related conspiracy theories that some people believe include that

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acknowledged the existence of climate change and impact from humans, but said that he did not agree that carbon dioxide was its primary driver, pointing instead to "the ocean waters and this environment that we live in". The

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Whether or not the changes are going to be good for us, humans are very adept at adapting to changes; besides, it's too late to do anything about it, and/or a technological fix is bound to come along when we really need it.

79:. Those promoting denial commonly use rhetorical tactics to give the appearance of a scientific controversy where there is none. Climate change denial includes unreasonable doubts about the extent to which climate change is 18953: 2791:(now X), key figures at the company who ensured trusted content was prioritized were removed, and climate scientists received a large increase in hostile, threatening, harassing, and personally abusive tweets from deniers. 14202: 926:

A 2022 study found that the public in many countries substantially underestimates the degree of scientific consensus that humans are causing climate change. Studies from 2019–2021 found scientific consensus to range from

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view because it is "unsolvable" at the national level and requires collective action between nations or between local communities, and that therefore populist nationalism tends to reject the science of climate change.

1890:

responded in a letter to Perry that it is "critically important that you understand that emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are the primary cause", pointing to conclusions of scientists worldwide.

1735:. A tobacco company memo read, "Doubt is our product since it is the best means of competing with the 'body of fact' that exists in the mind of the general public. It is also the means of establishing a controversy." 3331:

It can be useful to respond to emotions, including with the statement "It can be painful to realise that our own lifestyles are responsible", in order to help move "from denial to acceptance to constructive action."

845:

Climate change skepticism, while in some cases professing to do research on climate change, has focused instead on influencing the opinion of the public, legislators and the media, in contrast to legitimate science.

3003:

and the effects of climate change denial campaigns. Campaigns to undermine public confidence in climate science have decreased public belief in climate change, which in turn has affected legislative efforts to curb

13774: 13529: 8319: 3068:, "universities and scientific societies and organizations, publishers, etc.—are too often risk averse when it comes to defending and communicating science that is perceived as threatening by powerful interests". 12907: 3300:

Presenting data and other facts is less effective in motivating people to act to mitigate climate change, than financial incentives and social pressure involved in showing people climate-related actions of other

2878:

left the coalition, it was regarded as "the latest sign of divisions within heavy industry over how to respond to global warming". After that, between December 1999 and early March 2000, the GCC was deserted by

2442:) who supported climate change denial: he agreed that global warming was taking place, but argued that humans were responsible for only a tiny portion of it and it was largely part of the Earth's natural cycle. 17843: 10549: 7081: 219:

is an intrinsic part of scientific methodology. In fact, all scientists adhere to scientific skepticism as part of the scientific process that demands continuing questioning. Both options are problematic, but

13988: 3411:, a former US representative for South Carolina, changed his mind in around 2010 after appeals from his son on his environmental positions, and after spending time with climate scientist Scott Heron studying 9213: 5622: 2965:

was the largest recipient, with 16% of the total funds. The study also found that the amount of money donated to these organizations by means of foundations whose funding sources cannot be traced had risen.

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may include anxiety, depression, despair, dissonance, uncertainty, insecurity, and distress, with one psychologist suggesting that "despair about our changing climate may get in the way of fixing it." The

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temperature rise. One of the bloggers had called Mann's work "fraudulent", contrary to numerous investigations that had already cleared Mann of any misconduct and supported the validity of his research.

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has published widely on climate change science and fought back against climate change misinformation for decades. He describes in his memoirs his "close encounters with deniers and skeptics"—with fellow

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magazine, reached a tipping point in 2006 as a result of his increasing familiarity with scientific evidence, and decided there was "overwhelming evidence for anthropogenic global warming". Journalist

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A piece of research from 2015 identified 4,556 people with overlapping network ties to 164 organizations that were responsible for most efforts to downplay the threat of climate change in the U.S.

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truth of both climate science-aligned claims and climate change skeptic/denial claims—"highlighting the insidious effect of repetition". This effect was found even among climate science endorsers.

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published research that broadly concurred with the scientific community's view on climate change. Since then, for several decades, oil companies have been organizing a widespread and systematic

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economic results from efforts at climate-friendly agricultural practices, or becoming involved in intergenerational stewardship of a farm may play a role in turning farmers away from denial.

1174:. A study assessed public perception and action on climate change on grounds of belief systems, and identified seven psychological barriers affecting behavior that otherwise would facilitate 962:

to reduce carbon-dioxide emissions) should be taken now or in the near future. They fear the economic ramifications of such restrictions. For example, in a 1998 speech, a staff member of the

714:

committee called "some positive aspects of global warming". The main statements of the House of Lords Economics Committee were rejected in the response made by the United Kingdom government.

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Climate change denial literature often features the suggestion that we should wait for better technologies before addressing climate change, when they will be more affordable and effective.

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more significant greenhouse gas, and is left out of many climate models. But while water vapor is a greenhouse gas, its very short atmospheric lifetime (about 10 days) compared to that of CO

12028: 7013: 3657: 2463:, the authors write that Seitz and a group of other scientists fought the scientific evidence and spread confusion on many of the most important issues of our time, like the harmfulness of 14018: 13459: 10812: 10345: 14304: 12366: 3277:("NCA4", USGCRP, 2017) includes charts illustrating how human factors, especially accumulation in the atmosphere of greenhouse gases, are the predominant cause of observed global warming. 126:

Industrial, political and ideological interests organize activity to undermine public trust in climate science. Climate change denial has been associated with the fossil fuels lobby, the

14489: 12488: 12397: 11507: 10781: 9714: 8163: 19314: 3172:, the U.S., and the U.K., climate change skeptics' opinions appear much more frequently in conservative news outlets than others, and in many cases those opinions are left uncontested. 976:

Conversely, the general consensus is that early action to reduce emissions would help avoid much greater economic costs later, and reduce the risk of catastrophic, irreversible change.

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Many of the climate change deniers have disagreed, in whole or part, with the scientific consensus regarding other issues, particularly those relating to environmental risks, such as

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as a public good as it is practiced in free enterprise capitalism, destroys important ecosystems and their functions, and so having a stake in this worldview does not correlate with

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National political divides on the seriousness of climate change consistently correlate with political ideology, with right-wing opinion being more negative (survey of 19 countries).

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As of 2015, the climate change denial industry is most powerful in the U.S. Efforts by climate change denial groups played a significant role in the United States' rejection of the

14397: 12868: 11101: 10954: 10109: 9772: 2185:. In September 2023, Pfluger's Congressional website said, "we cannot allow the radical climate lobby to infiltrate Texas middle schools and brainwash our children", claiming that 419:

in "six stages of denial", a ladder model whereby deniers have over time conceded acceptance of points, while retreating to a position that still rejects the mainstream consensus:

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damaged agriculture and left Moscow choking in smoke, Medvedev commented, "Unfortunately, what is happening now in our central regions is evidence of this global climate change."

10076: 18135: 12834: 10896: 7837: 4907: 4401: 2269: 545:("NCA4", U.S., 2017) includes charts illustrating how human factors—not various natural factors that have been investigated—are the predominant cause of observed global warming. 44:

displayed a snowball—on 26 February 2015, in winter—as evidence the globe was not warming, in a year that was found to be Earth's warmest on record at the time. The director of

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A study in 2015 stated: "Exposure to conspiracy theories reduced people's intentions to reduce their carbon footprint, relative to people who were given refuting information."

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expressed his opinion that climate change was "some kind of tricky campaign made up by some commercial structures to promote their business projects". After the devastating

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from various scientific organizations show substantial agreement concerning the progress and extent of global warming: pairwise correlations of 1850+/1880+ datasets exceed

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From January 2009 through June 2010, the oil, coal and utility industries spent $ 500 million in lobby expenditures in opposition to legislation to address climate change.

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that liken climate change skeptics to those who fought Communism and Nazism, imply renewable energy harms the environment, and say current global warming occurs naturally.

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than on scientists' opinions. Therefore, political worldviews override expert opinion on the interpretation of climate facts and evidence of anthropogenic climate change.

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policies and climate concern. While 66–80% Americans support these policies, Americans estimate the prevalence to be 37–43%. Researchers have called this misperception a

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False balance in climate science: Representation of climate change skeptics among climate scientists (97% believing climate change to be real, 3% denying), and American

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analyzed the funding of 91 organizations opposed to restrictions on carbon emissions, which he called the "climate change counter-movement". Between 2003 and 2013, the

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Journalists reported in 2015 that oil companies had known since the 1970s that burning oil and gas could cause climate change but nonetheless funded deniers for years.

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A 2024 analysis found 100 U.S. representatives and 23 U.S. senators—23% of the 535 members of Congress—to be climate change deniers, all the deniers being Republicans.

138:, often in the U.S. More than 90% of papers that are skeptical of climate change originate from right-wing think tanks. Climate change denial is undermining efforts to 18549: 14459: 12937: 2211:

When they say that the seas will rise over the next 400 years — one-eighth of an inch, you know. Which means, basically you have a little more beachfront property, OK.

1122:

also claimed in 2006 that scientists support the scientific consensus on climate change because they were promoted by government leaders and environmentalists seeking

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Unworkable demands of research, claiming that any uncertainty invalidates the field or exaggerating uncertainty while rejecting probabilities and mathematical models.

19861: 17221: 15976: 13980: 6370: 5672: 4840: 385:(who accept the climate change trends but claim there are natural causes for this, not human-made ones): "A few of them even deny that the rise in the atmospheric CO 11911: 9205: 8837: 7045: 5614: 1332:—defensive or "national narcissism" and "secure national identification"—for their correlation to support for policies to mitigate climate change and transition to 18432: 18366: 18051: 17057: 17052: 17047: 15644: 15101: 11591: 11324: 9648: 9386: 8459: 6938:"Americans are convinced climate action is unpopular. They're very, very wrong. / Support for climate policies is double what most people think, a new study found" 2413: 411:

denying scientific findings on how this would affect nature and human society, to accepting all these but denying that humans can mitigate or reduce the problems.

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by the United States. ExxonMobil funded organizations critical of the Kyoto Protocol and seeking to undermine public opinion about the scientific consensus that

13888: 9595: 1990:(SPN), an umbrella group of 64 U.S. think tanks, had been lobbying on behalf of major corporations and conservative donors to oppose climate change regulation. 1548:, global warming became a political issue, with immediate plans to cut spending on environmental research, particularly climate-related, and stop funding for CO 258:

said in 1995 that industry had engaged "a small band of skeptics" to confuse public opinion in a "persistent and well-funded campaign of denial". His 1997 book

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to the campaign to halt than any other body" by trying to manufacture the appearance of a grassroots movement against "unfounded fear" and "over-regulation".

1344:

as "reflect feelings of strong bonds and solidarity with one's ingroup members, and sense of satisfaction in group membership". The researchers concluded that

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has urged psychologists and other social scientists to work on psychological barriers to taking action on climate change. The immediacy of a growing number of

572: 250:

The terminology evolved and emerged in the 1990s. By 1995 the word "skeptic" was being used specifically for the minority who publicized views contrary to the

13051: 6945: 5024: 1832:, had "repeatedly edited government climate reports in ways that play down links between such emissions and global warming, according to internal documents". 1556:

was aware of the developing science: he joined others in arranging congressional hearings from 1981 onward, with testimony from scientists including Revelle,

20233: 18321: 16513: 15817: 14358: 14171: 14084: 13808: 12960: 12663: 12545:

Brulle, Robert J. (21 December 2013). "Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations".

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for years. On 8 February 2024, Mann won a $ 1 million judgment for punitive damages in a defamation lawsuit filed in 2012 against bloggers who attacked his

496:

Fake experts, or individuals with views at odds with established knowledge, at the same time marginalizing or denigrating published topic experts. Like the

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based on flawed logic, or simply factually inaccurate". The NCSE has prepared Classroom Resources in response to Heartland and other anti-science threats.

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are a gradually vanishing breed. They claim that the warming trend measured by weather stations is an artefact due to urbanisation around those stations (

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Deniers have generally attacked either the IPCC's processes, scientist or the synthesis and executive summaries; the full reports attract less attention.

18304: 18057: 15253: 15074: 11188: 10413: 9491: 8312:"As Economic Concerns Recede, Environmental Protection Rises on the Public's Policy Agenda / Partisan gap on dealing with climate change gets even wider" 6823: 6702: 437:

Even if the warming cannot be explained by natural causes, the human impact is small, and the impact of continued greenhouse gas emissions will be minor.

18099: 14335: 13697: 10452: 9737: 9343: 6593: 6012: 5994: 2848:. Raymond sent letters that alleged the IPCC report was not "supported by the analytical work". More than 20 AEI employees worked as consultants to the 19746: 18561: 18153: 17064: 15248: 14041: 12278: 8099: 6400: 13673: 13317: 9670: 18410: 18027: 18003: 17037: 16589: 15116: 13569: 10631: 8518:

McCright, Aaron M.; Dunlap, Riley E. (October 2011). "Cool dudes: The denial of climate change among conservative white males in the United States".

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to recruit scientists to convince politicians, the media, and the public that climate science was too uncertain to warrant environmental regulation.

933: 827: 12999: 12221: 8830:"Coal Knew, Too, A Newly Unearthed Journal from 1966 Shows the Coal Industry, Like the Oil Industry, Was Long Aware of the Threat of Climate Change" 1954:(emotionally committed laypeople, frequently pensioners, but also including a few journalists – many of them literally fighting windmills), and the 1340:

as "a belief that one's national group is exceptional and deserves external recognition underlain by unsatisfied psychological needs". They defined

560:

Campaigns by climate change deniers portray scientists as disagreeing about global warming, but datasets from various scientific organizations show

19772: 18519: 18492: 16932: 13350: 13092: 12511: 10977: 9904: 4453: 4422: 4108: 19580: 12020: 10514: 7021: 5789: 3653: 3464:" people to openly share their values and stance on climate change before introducing actual scientific climate information into the discussion." 1875:—and climate change denial specifically—had expanded in the U.S. to become "a central tenet of the current conservative and Republican identity". 19120: 18129: 15048: 14010: 12144: 11801: 10804: 10334: 10248: 703: 14274: 12477: 12358: 7771: 6101: 1034: 440:

Even if the current and future projected human effects on Earth's climate are not negligible, the changes are generally going to be good for us.

305:

ruling out the use of 'skeptic' to describe those who deny scientific facts." In September 2015, the Associated Press announced "an addition to

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Several large fossil fuel corporations provide significant funding for attempts to mislead the public about climate science's trustworthiness.

2507: 1844: 1445: 1368:

Degrees of concern about the effects of climate change can vary with political affiliation. This is very evident in the US, were voters of the

13209: 12763: 10014:

Brulle, Robert (2014). "Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations".

3064:

Manufactured climate change denial is also influencing how scientific knowledge is communicated to the public. According to climate scientist

1649:, published in 2004, detailed the fossil-fuel industry's campaign to deny climate change and undermine public confidence in climate science. 254:. This small group of scientists presented their views in public statements and the media rather than to the scientific community. Journalist 19787: 19720: 18821: 18507: 17474: 17245: 17201: 17007: 16682: 14757: 10888: 10674: 9828: 4991: 1568: 1493: 920: 779: 9551: 8430: 6633: 4256: 2276:

claimed that sea level rise is caused not by melting glaciers but rather by coastal erosion and silt that flows from rivers into the ocean.

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The sharp divide over the existence of and responsibility for global warming and climate change falls largely along party lines in the US (

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Explaining the techniques of science denial and misinformation, by presenting "examples of people using cherrypicking or fake experts or

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made the case that opposition to climate policy was beginning to take a "rhetorical shift away from outright skepticism" and called this

773:

is influenced by funding and political factors. The film strongly opposes the scientific consensus on climate change. It argues that the

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McCauley, Clark; Jacques, Susan (May 1979). "The popularity of conspiracy theories of presidential assassination: A Bayesian analysis".

5641: 5238: 5182: 4940: 4172: 20238: 19048: 18836: 17025: 16917: 16584: 15138: 15091: 13598:"Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I - Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change" 10060: 5338:"Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I – Chapter 3: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change" 4874: 4698: 4391: 3115: 3076: 2928: 2907: 2450: 1188: 1148: 17985: 13550: 12420: 7833: 7560: 6278: 399:(who think climate change is harmless or even beneficial, for example the "potential extension of agriculture into higher latitudes"). 19736: 19501: 18537: 18427: 18165: 17873: 16557: 16017: 15133: 14713: 14132: 12594: 9976: 6518: 5566:"Consensus revisited: quantifying scientific agreement on climate change and climate expertise among Earth scientists 10 years later" 3444:

admitted in 2018, one who believed that "the science was inconclusive" and that worry was "overblown". Now, he says, referencing the

721: 643: 10919: 8944: 8795: 3325:

in denial about climate is most likely taking a position based on their feelings, especially their feelings about things they fear.

1856:). Overall, 60% of Americans surveyed in 2021 said oil and gas companies were "completely or mostly responsible" for climate change. 123:

has been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on climate change.

17979: 17783: 16138: 15348: 15064: 14782: 14559: 14420: 11772: 11355: 11081: 11016: 9069: 9013: 4545: 3374:

in 2014, where he is involved in turning climate skeptics into climate activists, and making the business case for climate action.

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groups together four types of respondents rejecting climate change: those who "deny, conceal, gloss over or relativize the issue".

790: 578:

Climate change denial opposes the results of academic studies of scientific agreement on human-caused climate change. The level of

165:. Some of the campaigns are even carried out by the same people who previously spread the tobacco industry's denialist propaganda. 135: 17: 6698: 1267: 327:

by accepting the scientific consensus but failing to "translate their acceptance into action". This type of denial is also called

18811: 17238: 17069: 17032: 16630: 15704: 15493: 14656: 11890: 10743: 9307: 8215: 5694:

van Wijngaarden, W A; Happer, W (4 June 2020). "Dependence of Earth's Thermal Radiation on Five Most Abundant Greenhouse Gases".

3264: 2772: 2374:("he is quite beguiling but is criticized as "intellectually dishonest" by his peers"; Lindzen was a professor of meteorology at 2163: 493:

Allegations that scientific consensus involves conspiring to fake data or suppress the truth: a climate change conspiracy theory.

18579: 11897: 8076: 7611: 7292:"Measuring Individual Differences in Generic Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories Across Cultures: Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire" 19198: 18654: 18235: 18045: 16987: 16640: 15353: 15316: 15170: 15155: 15069: 14718: 14662: 9874: 8337:

Gifford, Robert (2011). "The dragons of inaction: Psychological barriers that limit climate change mitigation and adaptation".

7719:

Gifford, Robert (2011). "The dragons of inaction: Psychological barriers that limit climate change mitigation and adaptation".

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are aiming at global governance. In his speech, Inhofe said: "So, I wonder: are the French going to be dictating U.S. policy?"

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institutions involved in global warming research are part of a global scientific conspiracy or engaged in a manipulative hoax.

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urged teachers to "emphasize to students that no scientific controversy exists regarding the basic facts of climate change".

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in 2011 found that 9 out of 10 of the most prolific authors who cast doubt on climate change or speak against it had ties to

2719: 2375: 2139: 1126:. He added that its purpose was to exercise political influence, to try to introduce world government, and to control people. 706:

described his claims as part of a "systematic effort by some individuals to undermine and discredit the scientific process".

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asked the candidates to raise their hands if they believed human behavior is causing climate change, none did. Entrepreneur

19792: 19777: 19562: 19000: 18525: 18081: 16034: 14985: 14980: 13911: 8189: 7643: 6959: 6491: 6252: 6171: 5093: 3099: 2825:

have been identified as especially influential funders of climate change contrarianism. The bankruptcy of the coal company

2169:

In 2023, the state of Florida approved a public school curriculum including videos produced by conservative advocacy group

774: 294: 251: 17997: 11396: 8995: 7188: 6367: 5664: 4830: 4675: 1791:

among conservative political parties in the Western world. In 1994, according to a leaked memo, the Republican strategist

20228: 19757: 19142: 19109: 18779: 18093: 17191: 16594: 16401: 15515: 15293: 15111: 15038: 15028: 15011: 14918: 14725: 13947: 11915: 9141: 8829: 6566: 6562: 6535: 6531: 4797: 4089: 3555: 3307: 1728: 1703:, who attempted to prevent or delay the introduction of regulation in the face of scientific evidence linking tobacco to 1364: 1167: 1159: 1095: 910: 861: 49: 15043: 11587: 9939:

Defining Sustainable Development for Our Common Future: A History of the World Commission on Environment and Development

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To promote other types of energy sources: Some have claimed that the "threat of global warming is an attempt to promote

1021:, particularly the concern that strong measures to combat global warming or mitigate its impacts will seriously inhibit 769:

that denies the scientific consensus about the reality and causes of climate change, justifying this by suggesting that

20049: 19867: 19782: 18933: 18877: 18292: 18033: 17097: 16662: 15944: 15805: 15762: 15258: 13162: 10163: 9794: 8290: 8129: 7802: 4519: 3445: 3426: 3274: 2030: 1576: 1193: 1018: 542: 18649: 18486: 2614:, a group of mainly U.S. businesses, used aggressive lobbying and public relations tactics to oppose action to reduce 19877: 19391: 18832: 18695: 18147: 18021: 17467: 16879: 16492: 15871: 15747: 15564: 14762: 13880: 13530:"Climato-scepticisme : "Il y a un ressentiment anti-écologie auprès de populations qui se sentent stigmatisées"" 11937:

Tollefson, Jeff (22 February 2024). "Climatologist Michael Mann wins defamation case: what it means for scientists".

10316: 9587: 6121: 5233: 4021:

Sokona, Youba; Stirling, Andy; Stilwell, Matthew; Spash, Clive L.; Williams, Mariama; et al. (18 October 2021).

3496: 2923: 2687:, ExxonMobil has been the most active in the debate surrounding climate change. According to a 2007 analysis by the 2541: 1879: 1641:

noted that his fellow journalists accepted that global warming was occurring, but were in "'stage-two' denial of the

1615: 1489: 1475: 1242:

In the 1990s, the Marshall Institute began campaigning against increased regulations on environmental issues such as

13070:"Americans Largely Favor U.S. Taking Steps To Become Carbon Neutral by 2050 / Appendix (Detailed charts and tables)" 12062: 10724: 7514:

Lewandowsky, Stephan; Oberauer, Klaus (2013). "NASA Faked the Moon Landing—Therefore, (Climate) Science Is a Hoax".

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called it "the same old conspiracy theory that we've been hearing from the denial industry for the past ten years".

119:

to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject publicly. The

116: 91:

by human actions. To a lesser extent, climate change denial can also be implicit when people accept the science but

19807: 19590: 19261: 19058: 19010: 18629: 18420: 17735: 17432: 16777: 16104: 15742: 15722: 15669: 15621: 14678: 13043: 11857: 10302: 9258:

Båtstrand, Sondre (2015). "More than Markets: A Comparative Study of Nine Conservative Parties on Climate Change".

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gave Soon two grants totaling $ 175,000 in 2005/6 and again in 2010. Grants to Soon between 2001 and 2007 from the

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and "climate team leader" at the American Petroleum Institute and President George W. Bush's chief of staff of the

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that refugees from poor nations cause environmental pollution and climate change and should therefore be excluded.

1084: 754: 154: 19608: 14074: 13800: 12244: 11139: 10579: 9448: 6386: 6060:

Uscinski, Joseph E.; Douglas, Karen; Lewandowsky, Stephan (September 2017). "Climate Change Conspiracy Theories".

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promoted climate denialism for 20 years as former staff director for the energy and environment task force at the

3328:

Academics have stated that "It is pretty clear that fear of the solutions drives much opposition to the science."

2982:

channel guests (31% real, 69% denying). Based on IPCC report coverage between August 1, 2013, and October 1, 2013.

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Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming

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Douglas, Karen M.; Sutton, Robbie M.; Callan, Mitchell J.; Dawtry, Rael J.; Harvey, Annelie J. (18 August 2015).

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to curtail global warming. For example, ExxonMobil was a significant influence in preventing ratification of the

2558:

Percentage of documents taking each overall position on climate change as real and human-caused, 1977–2014. Blue=

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in the U.S. are more likely to (correctly) agree that global warming is due to human activity than voters of the

1059:

activity. Climate change conspiracy disbelief is also linked to lower levels of education and analytic thinking.

794: 699: 267: 19436: 10862: 8677:

Stoknes, Per Espen (1 March 2014). "Rethinking climate communications and the "psychological climate paradox"".

8630:"It's political: How the salience of one's political identity changes climate change beliefs and policy support" 3635: 3156:

has received some credit for this, because it provides classes for meteorologists and graphics for TV stations.

2424:

would not warm the planet, but would fertilize crops and were "something to be encouraged and not suppressed".

1405:

using moral concerns related to purity that are more deeply held by conservatives, the discrepancy is resolved.

20223: 19975: 19703: 18900: 18796: 17835: 17558: 17260: 17233: 17170: 16689: 15929: 15213: 14965: 13069: 11876: 11249: 10606:"Mike Huckabee's "Kids Guide to the Truth About Climate Change" Shows the Changing Landscape of Climate Denial" 10605: 8969: 7159: 6030: 5942: 3592: 1983: 1080: 13261:(2003). "Media's social construction of environmental issues: focus on global warming – a comparative study". 12274: 11198: 10274: 9481: 6881:"Americans experience a false social reality by underestimating popular climate policy support by nearly half" 6812: 6673: 5912: 4208:"Cross-national comparison of the presence of climate scepticism in the print media in six countries, 2007–10" 4156: 2386:(who has "repeatedly made errors that always resulted in lower temperature trends than were really present"), 2166:

as 280 parts per million (ppm), which was true in 391 BC but short of 2023's actual concentration of 420 ppm.

449: 19889: 19802: 19663: 19653: 19572: 17634: 17367: 17111: 16992: 16798: 16039: 15574: 15106: 14327: 10444: 9339: 6608: 6016: 5998: 5122: 4305: 2962: 2849: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2688: 2182: 2009:, were significant participants in lobbying attempts seeking to halt or eliminate environmental regulations. 2006: 1803:

In 2014, more than 55% of congressional Republicans were reported to be climate change deniers. According to

1557: 13710:"Changing minds about global warming: vicarious experience predicts self‑reported opinion change in the USA" 13307: 11816: 3026:

2017) that climate change is a hoax even though 100% of climate scientists (as of 2019) believe it is real.

2700: 2021:

to more than 100 organizations seeking to undermine the public perception of the science on climate change.

698:, alleging corruption in the peer-review process. Scientists rejected his assertions; the presidents of the 406:

is added, for people who question the existence of the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change.

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See pie chart for carbon dioxide and methane emissions totalling more than 90% of greenhouse gas emissions.

9453: 5258: 3700: 3317:

identification, seeing others experience impacts of global warming, and learning more about global warming.

2915: 2723: 2711: 2138:

for use in schools that frames climate change as a scientific controversy. In 2017, deputy director of the

1899: 1631: 1595: 1352:

is inversely correlated with support for such policies—except to the extent that such policies, as well as

88: 12192:"A Major Coal Company Went Bust. Its Bankruptcy Filing Shows That It Was Funding Climate Change Denialism" 10839: 10627: 10221:"UN offers The Rebel press accreditation for climate conference after environment minister's intervention" 8050: 4734:"Environmental science under siege: Fringe science and the 104th Congress, U. S. House of Representatives" 724:

minority members released a report under the leadership of the Senate's most vocal global warming denier,

665:

published an article titled "500 Scientists Whose Research Contradicts Man-Made Global Warming Scares" by

537: 431:

Even if it is, the increase has no impact on the climate since there is no convincing evidence of warming.

180:, its significance, or its connection to human behavior, in whole or in part. Climate denial is a form of 20193: 20166: 19827: 19822: 19750: 19597: 19186: 19147: 18948: 18801: 18226: 18183: 17796: 17792: 17755: 17492: 17377: 17372: 16822: 16609: 16604: 16309: 16214: 15233: 15081: 13747: 13340: 12217: 10538:"Report Heartland Institute sent to influence US teachers on climate change earns an "F" from scientists" 9909: 9417: 8324:(Discontinuity resulted from survey changing in 2015 from reciting "global warming" to "climate change".) 3313:

The strongest factors in self-reported changes in opinion about global warming in the United States were

2927:

from fossil fuel industry-related interests, including ExxonMobil, the American Petroleum Institute, the

2383: 1545: 1014: 19683: 18298: 12523: 11898:"Analysing the '900 papers supporting climate scepticism': 9 out of top 10 authors linked to ExxonMobil" 6455: 5118:"Climate and environmental science denial: A review of the scientific literature published in 1990–2015" 4445: 20039: 19741: 19176: 17853: 17387: 16817: 16260: 16173: 16092: 15856: 15659: 15616: 15389: 15311: 15165: 13696:

Allew, Matthew; Marlon, Jennifer; Goldberg, Matthew; Maibach, Edward; et al. (27 September 2022).

12631: 12339: 11883: 10506: 9172: 7031: 6986: 6496: 6300: 2519: 1457: 328: 143: 17967: 17788: 9829:"Presidential debate shows how GOP candidates are struggling to address concerns about climate change" 6730:"US Pullout Forces Kyoto Talks To Focus on Adaptation – Climate Talks Will Shift Focus From Emissions" 5797: 5514:"Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature" 4303:

Xifra, Jordi (2016). "Climate Change Deniers and Advocacy: A Situational Theory of Publics Approach".

19885: 19537: 19284: 19226: 18988: 18283: 18218: 18063: 17909: 17740: 17664: 17304: 17280: 16344: 15961: 15636: 15611: 15584: 15546: 15463: 15281: 15128: 15086: 14836: 14605: 14600: 14595: 13007:. New Haven, CT: Yale Program on Climate Change Communication and Facebook Data for Good. p. 7. 12547: 12044:"'Murderers' and 'criminals': Meteorologists face unprecedented harassment from conspiracy theorists" 10016: 8484: 6982: 5564:

Myers, Krista F.; Doran, Peter T.; Cook, John; Kotcher, John E.; Myers, Teresa A. (20 October 2021).

5442: 4902: 4047: 3054: 3019: 2692: 2622:. Large corporations and trade groups from the oil, coal and auto industries financed the coalition. 2439: 1765: 1675: 1393: 1183: 1179: 1175: 940: 162: 139: 84: 15476: 13620:

Bergquist, Magnus; Thiel, Maximilian; Goldberg, Matthew H.; van der Linden, Sander (21 March 2023).

10698: 7794: 5883: 3168:

Denial of climate change is most prevalent among white, politically conservative men in the U.S. In

301:

A petition by climatetruth.org asked signers to "Tell the Associated Press: Establish a rule in the

203:

The terminology is debated: most of those actively rejecting the scientific consensus use the terms

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Allew, Matthew; Marlon, Jennifer; Goldberg, Matthew; Maibach, Edward; et al. (4 August 2022).

13345: 13240: 7406:"Someone is pulling the strings: hypersensitive agency detection and belief in conspiracy theories" 4898:"NY Times Public Editor: We're 'Moving In A Good Direction' On Properly Describing Climate Deniers" 3549: 3208: 3192: 3032: 2892: 2866: 2615: 2611: 2523: 2159: 2069: 1619: 1591: 766: 746: 591:

History of climate change science § Discredited theories and reconciled apparent discrepancies

80: 13374:"Petro-masculinity and climate change denial among white, politically conservative American males" 10367:

Farrell, Justin (2015). "Network structure and influence of the climate change counter-movement".

7349:

Swami, Viren; Voracek, Martin; Stieger, Stefan; Tran, Ulrich S.; Furnham, Adrian (December 2014).

6363: 2305: 20123: 20117: 19817: 19693: 19304: 19299: 19279: 19193: 18862: 18806: 18772: 18661: 18241: 18117: 17765: 17618: 17543: 17318: 17275: 17157: 17147: 16635: 16499: 16438: 16240: 16124: 16080: 16002: 15912: 15654: 15626: 15306: 14960: 14938: 14545: 13117:

Howe, Peter D.; Mildenberger, Matto; Marlon, Jennifer R.; Leiserowitz, Anthony (1 January 2015).

12096: 7461: 6644: 6360:

1233/uk-climategate-inquiry-largely-clears.html House of Commons Science and Technology Committee

5965:"UN Blowback: More Than 650 International Scientists Dissent Over Man-Made Global Warming Claims" 4289:, describing industry-based advocacy strategies in the context of climate change denial, and p73 3610: 3434: 3382: 3212: 3199:

Climate change denial has been promoted by several far-right European parties, including Spain's

2911: 2822: 2740: 2131: 2110: 1998: 1072: 512: 18171: 18075: 14107: 11556: 9412: 6471: 5464: 3966: 3750: 2758:

invested more than US$ 50 million in the past 50 years on spreading doubts about climate change.

1055:

and those who consistently look for meanings or patterns in their world, including believers in

20161: 20024: 18894: 18784: 18767: 18123: 18039: 17973: 17879: 17814: 17644: 17015: 16977: 16942: 16667: 16408: 16324: 15679: 15499: 15441: 15358: 15343: 15228: 14869: 14815: 14810: 14805: 14800: 14795: 14790: 13981:"How a Professional Climate Change Denier Discovered the Lies and Decided to Fight for Science" 11588:"Dirty Money, Oil Companies and Special Interests Spend Millions to Oppose Climate Legislation" 11474: 10188:

The Rhetoric of Oil in the Twenty-First Century: Government, Corporate, and Activist Discourses

10104: 8237: 7854:

Jiang, Yangxueqing; Schwarz, Norbert; Reynolds, Katherine J.; Newman, Eryn J. (7 August 2024).

7589: 4357: 3567: 3402: 2515: 2390:("his decisions on climate work and statements appear to be heavily colored by his religion"), 2346: 1561: 1453: 1385: 1271: 1103: 819: 497: 19221: 10186: 8906: 8733:

Greene, Steven (June 1999). "Understanding Party Identification: A Social Identity Approach".

8577:

Feinberg, Matthew; Willer, Robb (January 2013). "The Moral Roots of Environmental Attitudes".

8156:"Climate Change Denial as the Historical Consciousness of Trumpism: Lessons from Carl Schmitt" 7964: 2181:

emphasizing the importance of "secure, reliable energy" (oil and natural gas) produced in the

1276:

In 2023, an increase in climate change denial was noted, particularly among supporters of the

19633: 19489: 19152: 18857: 18852: 18791: 18757: 18573: 18277: 18247: 18087: 17867: 17861: 17360: 17165: 16954: 16750: 16672: 16657: 16484: 16476: 16413: 16369: 16339: 16304: 16230: 16068: 15714: 15399: 14854: 14777: 14290: 12796: 11115: 10369: 9937: 7856:"Repetition increases belief in climate-skeptical claims, even for climate science endorsers" 6113: 6073: 5228: 5166: 4929: 3531: 3517: 3200: 2668: 2406:, he changed his bombastic tune gradually over time as climate change became more evident"). 2186: 2058: 1872: 1409: 1292: 1068: 948: 865: 815: 616: 466: 216: 200:

even though deniers usually prefer not to, in order to sow confusion as to their intentions.

18513: 13709: 12476: 11675: 11163:

A personal tale of the development of Climate Science. The life and times of Kevin Trenberth

11094:"Marjorie Taylor Greene says climate change is a 'scam' and that fossil fuels are 'amazing'" 7229: 4706: 4392:"Exxon knew of climate change in 1981, email says – but it funded deniers for 27 more years" 3460:

to mislead the public", has been shown to inoculate people somewhat against misinformation.

2334:

and it's totally normal! ... Don't fall for the scam, fossil fuels are natural and amazing.

235:

is more specific but less frequently used. In academic literature and journalism, the terms

20075: 20070: 19960: 19698: 19552: 19494: 19461: 19246: 18884: 18847: 18624: 18477: 17639: 17079: 16647: 15907: 15785: 15446: 15016: 14943: 13843: 13721: 13633: 13622:"Field interventions for climate change mitigation behaviors: A second-order meta-analysis" 13420: 13224: 13130: 12556: 12108: 11946: 11687: 11626: 11430: 11287: 11077: 11051: 10378: 10025: 9045: 8686: 8644: 8527: 7931: 7683: 7473: 7238:. Green House Publishing in association with London Publishing Partnership. pp. 1–12. 7108: 6892: 6790: 6600: 6286: 5728: 5577: 5525: 5419: 5408:"Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming" 5378: 5131: 4866: 4802: 4584: 4219: 3978: 3920: 3862: 2961:, combined, were the largest funders, accounting for about a quarter of the funds, and the 2115: 2063: 1987: 1296: 958:

Climate change deniers often debate whether action (such as the restrictions on the use of

516: 92: 37: 13460:"National Teachers Group Confronts Climate Denial: Keep the Politics Out of Science Class" 5406:

Cook, John; Oreskes, Naomi; Doran, Peter T.; Anderegg, William R. L.; et al. (2016).

4038: 2416:, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. In 1982 he published his book 939:

Research found that 80–90% of Americans underestimate the prevalence of support for major

8: 20034: 19085: 18762: 18619: 18614: 18339: 18177: 17915: 17554: 17407: 17142: 16972: 16760: 16677: 16614: 16364: 15924: 15699: 14928: 14923: 14207: 13796: 13119:"Geographic variation in opinions on climate change at state and local scales in the USA" 12773: 11721: 9515:"Jerry Brown says 'virtually no Republican' in Washington accepts climate change science" 9486: 9312: 9260: 8390:"Science Denial: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Future Research and Practice" 8258:"Secure and defensive forms of national identity and public support for climate policies" 8256:

Cislak, Aleksandra; Wójcik, Adrian D.; Borkowska, Julia; Milfont, Taciano (8 June 2023).

7648: 6960:"Global Warming, the Anatomy of a Debate: A speech by Jerry Taylor of the Cato Institute" 6785: 6047:

Senator James Inhofe, Chairman of Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate.

5815: 5094:

The climate sceptics: Weather Catastrophes and Climate Change—Is There Still Hope For Us?

3561: 3349: 2958: 2776: 2734: 2715: 2435: 2395: 2391: 2045: 2018: 1611: 823: 662: 623:. These arguments are based on short-term fluctuations and ignore the long-term pattern. 13847: 13725: 13654: 13637: 13621: 13228: 13134: 12892:"Top oil firms spending millions lobbying to block climate change policies, says report" 12560: 12112: 11950: 11691: 11630: 11434: 11291: 10382: 10029: 9049: 8768:

Begley, Sharon; Eve Conant; Sam Stein; Eleanor Clift; Matthew Philips (13 August 2007).

8690: 8648: 8531: 7935: 7922:

George E. Brown (March 1997). "Environmental Science Under Siege in the U.S. Congress".

7882: 7855: 7687: 7477: 7112: 6896: 5732: 5581: 5529: 5432: 5423: 5407: 5382: 5367:"Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature" 5135: 4588: 4223: 4022: 3982: 3924: 2659:

A protestor demonstrating as part of the "Exxon knew" movement in Washington, DC in 2015

2238:

and denied the scientific consensus on human-caused global warming. Coburn claimed that

1979:

the U.S. was partly or wholly affiliated with self-proclaimed conservative think tanks.

1868:, questioned or denied climate change, and opposed U.S. government steps to address it. 457:

data from short time periods to assert that global average temperatures are not rising.

20129: 19970: 19361: 18867: 17730: 16848: 16838: 16652: 16506: 16379: 16354: 16193: 15752: 15684: 15601: 15451: 15416: 15373: 15368: 15363: 14933: 13737: 13401: 13288: 13189: 13154: 12590: 12572: 12483: 12326:"GCC Suffers Technical Knockout, Industry defections decimate Global Climate Coalition" 12168: 12135: 11978: 11861: 11795: 11530:"GCC Suffers Technical Knockout, Industry defections decimate Global Climate Coalition" 11456: 10394: 10041: 9285: 9061: 8610: 8497: 8411: 8370: 7752: 7541: 7489: 7433: 7386: 7326: 7291: 7140: 6913: 6880: 6861: 6706: 6382: 6225: 6200: 5744: 5695: 5595: 5543: 5484: 5391: 5366: 5280: 5253: 4992:"The real skeptics behind the AP decision to put an end to the term 'climate skeptics'" 4835: 4615: 4572: 4332: 4232: 4207: 4060: 4002: 3890: 3416: 2951: 2875: 2857: 2795: 2728: 2472: 2459: 2431: 1825: 1816: 1724: 1277: 1152: 501: 353: 280: 150: 120: 19602: 19309: 13801:"From conspiracy theories to climate change denial, a cognitive psychologist explains" 10191:. Routledge Studies in Rhetoric and Communication. Taylor & Francis. p. 176. 7096: 6977: 4023:"Three Decades of Climate Mitigation: Why Haven't We Bent the Global Emissions Curve?" 3564: – Using emotionally-biased reasoning to produce justifications or make decisions 1210:

in 2024 found that even a single repetition of a claim was sufficient to increase the

608:

is the primary driver of increasing temperatures; water vapor acts as a feedback, not

339: 316:

also rejected use of the term "climate skeptic" in favor of "climate science denier".

19673: 19643: 19231: 19089: 19020: 18752: 17649: 17483: 17285: 16967: 16448: 16428: 16396: 16277: 16255: 16210: 16178: 15986: 15649: 15394: 15160: 14948: 14911: 14698: 14652: 14294: 14243: 14140: 13952: 13916: 13861: 13741: 13659: 13498: 13440: 13405: 13393: 13373: 13292: 13280: 13146: 12968: 12899: 12802: 12742: 12719: 12671: 12173: 11982: 11970: 11962: 11751: 11703: 11644: 11460: 11448: 11361: 11305: 11193: 11167: 10985: 10312: 10192: 10068: 9984: 9943: 9378: 9289: 9277: 8912: 8750: 8712: 8602: 8594: 8489: 8415: 8362: 8354: 8068: 8024: 8017: 7970: 7902: 7744: 7736: 7701: 7615: 7533: 7493: 7437: 7425: 7378: 7370: 7350: 7331: 7313: 7290:

Bruder, Martin; Haffke, Peter; Neave, Nick; Nouripanah, Nina; Imhoff, Roland (2013).

7239: 7210: 7132: 7124: 7035: 6918: 6865: 6467: 6230: 6117: 6077: 5860: 5850: 5748: 5599: 5547: 5488: 5285: 5172: 4773: 4643: 4620: 4602: 4551: 4262: 4237: 4064: 4052: 4006: 3994: 3936: 3894: 3882: 3830: 3728: 3720: 3604: 3582: 3576: 3422: 3387: 2935: 2826: 2292: 1700: 1537: 1380:

One worldview that often leads to climate change denial is belief in free enterprise

1329: 1048: 1002: 984: 737: 609: 486: 461:

show short-term countertrends that mask longer-term warming trends that are shown by

376: 17537: 16116: 14359:"How to defend science to climate-change deniers and others who attack it (opinion)" 13236: 13158: 12576: 12120: 10398: 10160:"The Toxic Ten: How ten fringe publishers fuel 69% of digital climate change denial" 10045: 9065: 8656: 8614: 8539: 8501: 7545: 7390: 7366: 7144: 4336: 3340:

Some climate change skeptics have changed their positions regarding global warming.

2280: 1771:

It'll start getting cooler, you just watch. I don't think science knows, actually.

778:

global warming is "a lie" and "the biggest scam of modern times." The film received

20144: 19762: 19557: 19294: 19289: 19080: 19063: 19043: 18938: 18688: 17723: 17659: 17550: 16567: 16542: 16391: 16359: 16284: 16029: 15596: 15579: 15520: 15411: 15175: 14894: 14767: 14703: 14286: 13851: 13729: 13649: 13641: 13432: 13385: 13272: 13232: 13138: 12709: 12564: 12519: 12163: 12153: 12116: 12001: 11954: 11695: 11634: 11438: 11295: 10545: 10386: 10033: 9269: 9053: 8959:"Statement of Dr. James Hansen, director, NASA Goddard Institute for space studies" 8742: 8702: 8694: 8652: 8586: 8535: 8479: 8471: 8401: 8374: 8346: 8269: 8190:"Climate denial is waning on the right. What's replacing it might be just as scary" 7939: 7877: 7867: 7756: 7728: 7691: 7525: 7481: 7417: 7405: 7362: 7321: 7303: 7272: 7200: 7116: 6908: 6900: 6853: 6430: 6220: 6212: 6109: 6069: 5766: 5736: 5642:"Fact Check: Share of CO2 in the atmosphere not a reflection of its climate impact" 5615:"The claim: Climate change is a 'hoax' because CO2 is only 0.04% of the atmosphere" 5585: 5533: 5476: 5437: 5427: 5386: 5275: 5267: 5139: 4968: 4937: 4610: 4592: 4322: 4314: 4227: 4042: 4034: 3986: 3967:"The organisation of denial: Conservative think tanks and environmental scepticism" 3928: 3908: 3874: 3712: 3537: 3224: 2974: 2888: 2880: 2696: 2628: 2409: 2399: 1965: 1389: 1333: 1134: 1123: 1039: 762: 670: 348: 158: 13597: 12698:"The conditional effect of conspiracy thinking on attitudes toward climate change" 11639: 11614: 11073: 11047: 7421: 6674:"Bush climate plan says adapt to inevitable Cutting gas emissions not recommended" 5337: 5144: 5117: 839: 20134: 20065: 20044: 19832: 19812: 19542: 19441: 19256: 18333: 18253: 18141: 17773: 17718: 17175: 16962: 16726: 16562: 16374: 15981: 15902: 15866: 15795: 15769: 15757: 15674: 15606: 15481: 15338: 14955: 14906: 14884: 13856: 13831: 13769: 12453: 11481: 11400: 11226: 10863:"Trump Has Called Climate Change a Chinese Hoax. Beijing Says It Is Anything But" 10306: 9652: 9519: 8274: 8257: 7872: 7825: 7233: 6374: 5460: 5162: 5100: 4767: 4482: 4429: 3412: 3398: 3377: 3371: 3153: 3065: 2768: 2755: 2454: 2446: 2427: 2371: 2362: 2257: 2235: 2091: 2080: 1911: 1711: 1572: 1247: 1236: 1228: 1197: 1119: 1022: 691: 666: 482: 416: 412: 18405: 14042:"Ex-'Professional Climate Denier' Aims to Convince Conservatives Threat is Real" 13921: 12998:

Leiserowitz, A.; Carman, J.; Buttermore, N.; Wang, X.; et al. (June 2021).

12595:"Conservative groups spend up to $ 1bn a year to fight action on climate change" 11615:"Weaponizing economics: Big Oil, economic consultants, and climate policy delay" 11221: 10249:"Rebel Media: From Promoting Tar Sands and Climate Denial to 'Bigoted Lunatics'" 9977:"Conservative groups spend up to $ 1bn a year to fight action on climate change" 9905:"The Climate Denial Machine: How the Fossil Fuel Industry Blocks Climate Action" 8406: 8389: 6963: 6699:"Climate Compendium: International Negotiations: Vulnerability & Adaptation" 3932: 1684:

published an article about similarities between the methods of groups funded by

75:

characterized by rejecting, refusing to acknowledge, disputing, or fighting the

20188: 20156: 20151: 19547: 19132: 18980: 18666: 18644: 18201: 17613: 17593: 17255: 17137: 16765: 16418: 16198: 16188: 16151: 16147: 15934: 15790: 15732: 15727: 15569: 15458: 15190: 15185: 15180: 15033: 14970: 14708: 14688: 14647: 14568: 13733: 12768: 12097:"Climate of scepticism: US newspaper coverage of the science of climate change" 11996:

Jury rules for climate scientist Michael Mann in long-running defamation case.

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van den Hove, Sybille; Le Menestrel, Marc; de Bettignies, Henri-Claude (2002).

11659: 11300: 11275: 10340: 10225: 9444: 9303: 9168: 8698: 7960: 7276: 7017: 6904: 6781: 6487: 6100:

Uscinski, Joseph E.; Douglas, Karen; Lewandowsky, Stephan (27 September 2017).

5811: 5590: 5565: 5538: 5513: 4667: 3654:"NASA, NOAA Analyses Reveal Record-Shattering Global Warm Temperatures in 2015" 3430: 3363: 3015: 2940: 2794:

In 2023, increases in climate change denial were reported, particularly on the

2676: 2672: 2619: 2587: 2480: 2403: 2288: 2243: 2239: 2178: 2075: 2039: 2002: 1994: 1788: 1715: 1681: 1642: 1544:

take no action regarding a climate change memo, citing uncertainty. During the

1529: 1115: 1111: 967: 963: 893: 880: 806: 783: 710: 627: 620: 525: 508: 454: 181: 72: 13957: 13276: 12568: 12021:"Climate crisis deniers target scientists for vicious abuse on Musk's Twitter" 11393: 10037: 9622:"Revealed: 60% of Americans say oil firms are to blame for the climate crisis" 8049:

Parry, Roland Lloyd; Rey, Benedicte; Laborda, Adria; Tan, Kate (13 May 2023).

7943: 7095:

Stern, Paul C.; Perkins, John H.; Sparks, Richard E.; Knox, Robert A. (2016).

6570: 6539: 4807: 3990: 1232: 619:

is in effect, or that global temperatures are actually decreasing, leading to

20217: 20080: 19451: 19216: 18719: 17953: 17603: 17598: 17397: 17355: 16745: 16349: 16289: 16007: 15939: 15664: 15486: 15471: 15406: 15301: 14247: 14203:"I was wrong on climate change. Why can't other conservatives admit it, too?" 14144: 13943: 13865: 13502: 13444: 13436: 13397: 13284: 13258: 13150: 12972: 12929: 12903: 12723: 12714: 12697: 12675: 12425: 11966: 11707: 11648: 11309: 10989: 10826: 10072: 9988: 9583: 9408: 9382: 9281: 9133: 9057: 8769: 8754: 8716: 8598: 8590: 8493: 8475: 8358: 7740: 7705: 7696: 7671: 7529: 7485: 7429: 7374: 7317: 7308: 7214: 7128: 7074:"YouTube making money off new breed of climate denial, monitoring group says" 6857: 6669: 5864: 5480: 4862: 4798:"The heat is on: The warming of the world's climate sparks a blaze of denial" 4793: 4606: 4318: 4293:, describing involvement of free-market think tanks in climate-change denial. 4241: 4152: 4056: 3998: 3886: 3878: 3724: 3543: 3484: 3457: 3341: 2947: 2799: 2464: 2367: 2151: 1945: 1833: 1821: 1732: 1662: 1638: 1599: 1515: 1130: 998: 683:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change § Challenges and controversies

615:

Climate denial groups may also argue that global warming has stopped, that a

255: 185: 100: 19095: 13645: 13534: 12664:"Fox News defends global warming false balance by denying the 97% consensus" 12158: 12005: 11443: 11418: 8746: 8133: 7120: 6359: 6146:"US Senate's top climate sceptic accused of waging 'McCarthyite witch-hunt'" 4597: 3716: 2833:, a climate denial think tank, as well as several other policy influencers. 20198: 19842: 19426: 19401: 19381: 19208: 19137: 19127: 19053: 19028: 18975: 18826: 18356: 17824: 17806: 17745: 17568: 16997: 16891: 16783: 16443: 15892: 15689: 15333: 15323: 14975: 14859: 14772: 14511: 13832:"Understanding and countering the motivated roots of climate change denial" 13663: 13312: 13118: 12741:. Routledge international handbooks (1. publ ed.). London: Routledge. 12599: 12177: 11974: 11821: 11699: 11452: 9556: 9552:"Meet the Republicans in Congress who don't believe climate change is real" 9177: 8606: 8366: 8125: 7748: 7537: 7382: 7335: 7249: 7136: 6922: 6234: 6196: 5628: 5289: 5271: 5029: 4624: 4396: 4353: 4090:"Climate sceptic Willie Soon received $ 1m from oil companies, papers show" 3940: 3732: 3673:"Republican Senate environment chief uses snowball as prop in climate rant" 3585: – Climate science blog to counter arguments by climate change deniers 3370:

challenged him to reread some Senate testimony. He became President of the

3367: 3355: 3220: 2954: 2871: 2387: 2250: 2143: 2014: 1719: 1689: 1645:", unable to accept the feasibility of solutions to the problem. His book, 1623: 1603:

making personal attacks on scientists' reputations, and promoting ideas of

1583: 1541: 1353: 1300: 1099: 849: 831: 811: 312: 302: 127: 18714: 14275:"Countering Climate Science Denial and Communicating Scientific Consensus" 13674:"What Makes People Act on Climate Change, according to Behavioral Science" 13187:(2018). "Some Good News on Climate: A Big Shift among TV Weathercasters". 9852:"Vivek Ramaswamy says 'hoax' agenda kills more people than climate change" 9308:"Why Are Republicans the Only Climate-Science-Denying Party in the World?" 8431:"Climate explained: why some people still think climate change isn't real" 8216:"Recording: The Rise of the Far-Right: From Climate Denial to Eco-Fascism" 6216: 5763:"500 Scientists Whose Research Contradicts Man-Made Global Warming Scares" 3191:

At least 72% of Chinese, American and European respondents to a 2020−2021

3082:

Results of a survey in 31 countries of public opinion, specifically among

32: 20181: 19181: 19033: 18437: 17819: 17750: 17674: 17521: 17290: 16770: 16755: 16599: 16314: 16265: 16235: 15919: 15436: 15428: 14683: 14516:"Charles: 'Climate change sceptics are turning Earth into dying patient'" 13142: 10978:"Brazil's new foreign minister believes climate change is a Marxist plot" 10476:"Heartland Institute claims fraud after leak of climate change documents" 10390: 10308:

Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis: Volume 1-The Physical Climate

9765:"Don't bother waiting for conservatives to come around on climate change" 9366: 7205: 7027: 6401:"Climate scientists exonerated in 'climategate' but public trust damaged" 5025:"Why The Guardian is changing the language it uses about the environment" 3636:"Inhofe brings snowball on Senate floor as evidence globe is not warming" 3546: – Nonprofit conservative think tank and climate denial organization 3491:

List of statements by major scientific organizations about climate change

3477: 3204: 3195:

climate survey stated that climate change had an impact on everyday life.

2899: 2845: 2680: 2189:

is "not only...good for our economy, but it's good for the environment".

2096: 1950: 1865: 1808: 1792: 1704: 1693: 1295:'s policy on climate change has been influenced by climate change denier 1284: 1263: 959: 770: 718: 500:, a few contrarian scientists oppose the climate consensus, some of them 14421:"Study Reveals Four 'Pathways To Changing The Minds Of Climate Deniers'" 14011:"Former climate denier turned realist rallies businesses to take action" 12959:

Jamieson, Dale; Oppenheimer, Michael; Oreskes, Naomi (25 October 2019).

12063:"Anfeindungen von Klimaleugnern: Wettermoderatoren als neue Zielscheibe" 11392:

Jennings, Katie; Grandoni, Dino, & Rust, Susanne. (23 October 2015)

10920:"Trump's NASA Chief: 'I Fully Believe and Know the Climate Is Changing'" 10647:"Videos denying climate science approved by Florida as state curriculum" 9875:"Facebook and Microsoft help fund rightwing lobby network, report finds" 8707: 4769:

The heat is on : the climate crisis, the cover-up, the prescription

3790: 2922:

totaled $ 335,000. The Mobil Foundation, the Texaco Foundation, and the

2593: 2242:

had been no more than 5 mm in 25 years, and asserted there was now

731: 532: 157:

to seed public disinformation, a strategy that has been compared to the

20171: 19999: 19994: 19466: 19038: 18639: 18634: 18456: 17801: 17563: 17531: 17417: 16867: 16843: 16574: 16433: 16423: 16386: 16319: 16294: 15951: 15328: 14236:"Study: to beat science denial, inoculate against misinformers' tricks" 13549:

Bentolila, Sacha; Bornstein, Roman; Calatayud, Benoît (28 April 2023).

12390:"Work of prominent climate change denier was funded by energy industry" 11669: 11667: 10951:"Republican lawmaker: Rocks tumbling into ocean causing sea level rise" 10571: 10279: 10159: 10133:"Breitbart Leads Climate Change Misinformation On Facebook, Study Says" 10061:"Secret funding helped build vast network of climate denial thinktanks" 9524: 9273: 7712: 4327: 4109:"What Have Climate Scientists Learned from 20-Year Fight with Deniers?" 3525: 3408: 3390:, an early skeptic of climate change who authored the influential book 2919: 2903: 2818: 2751: 2664: 2476: 2246:. In 2013, he said, "I am a global warming denier. I don't deny that." 2231: 2135: 1882: 1804: 1699:

The approach to downplay climate change's significance was copied from

1381: 1268:

Eco-nationalism § Ethnic Eco-nationalism vs. Civic Eco-nationalism

1056: 1052: 970: 835: 725: 244: 131: 104: 41: 17452: 16903: 11748:

The hockey stick and the climate wars: dispatches from the front lines

11676:"The oil industry and climate change: strategies and ethical dilemmas" 10889:"Trump's NASA Chief Has Apparently Changed His Tune On Climate Change" 8861:"The 1977 White House climate memo that should have changed the world" 8767: 6358:

Six of the major investigations covered by secondary sources include:

5168:

The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines

4640:

The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines

1582:

Public attention was renewed amid summer droughts and heat waves when

800: 20176: 20016: 19909: 19519: 19371: 17829: 17654: 17583: 17573: 17412: 17402: 17121: 16812: 16334: 16250: 16225: 16220: 14901: 13389: 11673: 11161: 8350: 8100:"Transcript of "Nationalism vs. globalism: the new political divide"" 7732: 7160:"Panel offers advice on how to combat climate-change "neoskepticism"" 5820: 5740: 3788: 3748: 3040: 2784: 2468: 2273: 2100: 1929: 1243: 595:

Some politicians and climate change denial groups say that because CO

478: 115:. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported 96: 13698:"Experience with global warming is changing people's minds about it" 13619: 11850: 11808: 11764: 11664: 11586:

Weiss, Daniel J.; Lefton, Rebecca; Lyon, Susan (27 September 2010).

11325:"Doubt over climate science is a product with an industry behind it" 8796:"US firms knew about global warming in 1968 – what about Australia?" 8560:"Climate Change Denial & Skepticism: A Review of the Literature" 5936: 5816:"The climate denial industry seeks to dupe the public. It's working" 3152:

stories about global warming has also increased, by a factor of 15.

485:

Mark Hoofnagle have defined denialism in this context as the use of

343:

Characteristics of science denial (including climate science denial)

19625: 17681: 17578: 17437: 17427: 17323: 17152: 14079: 13574: 13551:"Climatoscepticisme : le nouvel horizon du populisme français" 13093:"Climate Change Remains Top Global Threat Across 19-Country Survey" 12515: 12138:

Corporate funding and ideological polarization about climate change

11253: 9466: 9462: 7966:

Requiem for a Species: Why We Resist the Truth about Climate Change

7901:. Global environmental governance series. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 5716: 5700: 5512:

Lynas, Mark; Houlton, Benjamin Z.; Perry, Simon (19 October 2021).

4996: 4487: 4423:'Shell knew': oil giant's 1991 film warned of climate change danger 4166: 4161: 3441: 3335: 3083: 3045: 2979: 2158:, which acknowledges global warming but minimizes the influence of 2054: 1654: 1519: 1107: 12449:"Things just got very hot for climate deniers' favorite scientist" 11394:"How Exxon went from leader to skeptic on climate change research" 11276:"Assessing ExxonMobil's climate change communications (1977–2014)" 10774:"Why News Outlets Only Sometimes Push Back Against Climate Denial" 7834:"How our perception of time shapes our approach to climate change" 7189:"Climate Scientists' New Hurdle: Overcoming Climate Change Apathy" 6879:

Sparkman, Gregg; Geiger, Nathan; Weber, Elke U. (23 August 2022).

4743:. Washington, D.C.: U. S. House of Representatives. Archived from 1579:

and the possibility of effective action, but news interest faded.

1200:

events are thought to motivate people to deal with climate change.

1047:

Climate change denial is commonly rooted in a phenomenon known as

648:

Climate denial groups often point to natural variability, such as

515:

was based on one paper: examples include discredited ideas of the

211:, and only a few have expressed preference for being described as 18724: 18710: 17958: 17778: 17608: 17117:

Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests

16982: 16853: 16272: 16245: 16183: 14879: 14537: 13116: 12961:"The real reason scientists downplay the risks of climate change" 12861:"Oil Company Positions on the Reality and Risk of Climate Change" 11085: 11055: 10445:"Leaked: Conservative Group Plans Anti-Climate Education Program" 9634:

Source: Guardian/Vice/CCN/YouGov poll. Note: ±4% margin of error.

8388:

Jylhä, K. M.; Stanley, S. K.; Ojala, M.; Clarke, E. J. R (2023).

7230:"Introduction: Looking for Hope between Disaster and Catastrophe" 6842:"Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming" 5465:"Scientists Reach 100% Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming" 3540: – Nongovernmental organizations engaged in climate activism 2788: 2684: 2631:

and General Motors subsequently left the GCC. It closed in 2002.

2318: 2170: 2104: 2050: 1553: 1076: 1035:

Psychology of climate change denial § Conspiratorial beliefs

759: 649: 13091:

Poushter, Jacob; Fagan, Moira; Gubbala, Sneha (31 August 2022).

11884:"9 out of 10 top climate change deniers linked with Exxon Mobil" 10675:"Climate Misinformation Persists in New Middle School Textbooks" 9371:"How G.O.P. Leaders Came to View Climate Change as Fake Science" 6820:

PERITIA Trust EU - The Policy Institute of King's College London

6634:"Letter to Michael J. Boskin, Secretary Exxon Mobil Corporation" 3440:"I used to be a climate-change skeptic", conservative columnist 3102:

on belief in whether climate change presents a climate emergency

1714:

with lung cancer. In response, the tobacco industry engaged the

1303:, who has said, "It is not clear that the rise in atmospheric CO 19965: 18889: 17422: 15887: 13308:"Royal Society tells Exxon: stop funding climate change denial" 12997: 12478:"Deeper Ties to Corporate Cash for Doubtful Climate Researcher" 12359:"Deeper Ties to Corporate Cash for Doubtful Climate Researcher" 10840:"Every Insane Thing Donald Trump Has Said About Global Warming" 10630:. National Center for Science Education (NCSE). 3 August 2023. 10137: 3600: 3597: 3570: – Attitudes that reject science and the scientific method 3476:

In the United States, rural climate dialogues sponsored by the

3284: 3169: 2884: 2627:

pressure from environmentalists. Daimler-Chrysler, Texaco, the

2284: 2270:

United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology

1590:

From 1989 onward, industry-funded organizations, including the

1257: 1133:". Another claim is that "because many people have invested in 980:

beneficial, and that the environmental movement is unreliable.

13765:"How to turn climate-change denial into acceptance and action" 11722:"Smoke, Mirrors & Hot Air | Union of Concerned Scientists" 10628:"NCSE helps to expose climate change propaganda aimed at kids" 10599: 10597: 8238:"Eco-fascism: What It Is, Why It's Wrong, and How to Fight It" 4019: 2767:

Climate change deniers attacked the work of climate scientist

1283:

It has been suggested that climate change can conflict with a

900: 20139: 19837: 17526: 17216: 15801:

Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

14889: 13604:. U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP): 1–470. 2017. 12301:"Ford Announces Its Withdrawal From Global Climate Coalition" 11658:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

11654: 11500:"Ford Announces Its Withdrawal From Global Climate Coalition" 10335:"Unearthing America's Deep Network of Climate Change Deniers" 9458: 9237:"Trump's climate change rollbacks to drive up U.S. emissions" 6521:, paragraph 5, published 4 October 2023, accessed 2 June 2024 5344:. U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP): 1–470. 2017. 2599: 1696:

science and attempts to create public controversy and doubt.

1685: 1669: 562:

pairwise correlations of 1850+/1880+ datasets exceeding 99.1%

371:

Given that the warming is now evident even to laypeople, the

243:

have well-established usage as descriptive terms without any

178:

scientific consensus on the rate and extent of climate change

12627:"Robert Brulle: Inside the Climate Change "Countermovement"" 12343: 8291:"A Steady Six in 10 Say Global Warming's Effects Have Begun" 8255: 5765:. The Heartland Institute. 14 September 2007. Archived from 2744:

that said that the science of climate change was unsettled.

2221:

to rise an average of 10 to 12 inches within three decades.)

1622:

to promote denial of environmental problems such as loss of

1348:

tends to support policies promoting renewable energy, while

1170:

is the study of why people deny climate change, despite the

637: 389:

content is anthropogenic; they claim that the atmospheric CO

95:. Several studies have analyzed these positions as forms of 16329: 13881:"How to Reason with the Climate Change Denier in Your Life" 13548: 13210:"Balance as bias: global warming and the US prestige press" 11750:(Paperback ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 11045: 11017:"Brazil's new president has scientists worried. Here's why" 10744:"How the New Climate Denial Is Like the Old Climate Denial" 10594: 10442: 10411: 9709: 8219: 7924:

Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development

7462:"Climate change: Why the conspiracy theories are dangerous" 7289: 6805: 5308:"Climate change deniers: failsafe tips on how to spot them" 3965:

Jacques, Peter J.; Dunlap, Riley E.; Freeman, Mark (2008).

2345:

An April 15, 2023, tweet by Republican U.S. Representative

2261: 1973: 1408:

In the U.S., climate change denial largely correlates with

1324: 1205: 511:

atypical or even obsolete papers, in the same way that the

45: 13948:"Global Warming—Not Worse Than We Thought, But Bad Enough" 13707: 13695: 13421:"Petro-masculinity: Fossil Fuels and Authoritarian Desire" 12958: 11417:

Supran, G.; Rahmstorf, S.; Oreskes, N. (13 January 2023).

9795:"Florida's GOP Has A Change Of Heart About Climate Change" 9206:"Merchants of Doubt, By Naomi Oreskes & Erik M Conway" 8823: 8821: 7853: 7849: 7847: 6099: 6059: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 3701:"Denialism: what is it and how should scientists respond?" 3614:, documenting climate change denial and lobbying processes 3485:

Statements of well known people calling for climate action

3366:. Taylor began to change his mind after climate scientist 3160:

climatology explain the science of climate change. US and

465:. Such representations have been applied to the so-called 15977:

Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change

14452:"Farmers' climate denial begins to wane as reality bites" 13830:

Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle; Feygina, Irina (8 January 2020).

13033:. United Nations Development Programme. 26 January 2021. 12636: 10414:"Leak Offers Glimpse of Campaign Against Climate Science" 10178: 7403: 7351:"Analytic thinking reduces belief in conspiracy theories" 6991: 6492:"Climate change and the soothing message of luke-warmism" 5937:

The Committee Office, House of Lords (28 November 2005).

5301: 5299: 3789:

National Center for Science Education (15 January 2016).

3448:, "the scientific consensus is so clear and convincing." 2898:

In early 2015, several media reports emerged saying that

2762: 2295:" and eliminated the ministry's climate change division. 2192: 1864:

presidential candidate, and the Republican leader in the

1251: 1090:

Examples of alleged climate change conspiracies include:

13068:

Tyson, Alec; Funk, Cary; Kennedy, Brian (1 March 2022).

13044:"Historical GHG Emissions / Global Historical Emissions" 12696:

Uscinski, Joseph E.; Olivella, Santiago (October 2017).

9671:"Era of climate science denial is not over, study finds" 8251: 8249: 8247: 7899:

Environmental skepticism: ecology, power and public life

7561:"Fact Checking 6 Persistent Science Conspiracy Theories" 7235:

Facing Up to Climate Reality: Honesty, Disaster and Hope

6339:"Climategate 10 years on: what lessons have we learned?" 5405: 4564: 2414:

Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change

1742: 1372:

worry much more about climate change than voters of the

1222: 864:, whose "Environmental Task Force" contains a number of 644:

History of climate change science § Solar variation

582:

positively correlates with expertise in climate science.

13378:

International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies

10275:"How Climate Change Denial Set the Stage for Fake News" 9163: 9161: 9159: 8818: 8387: 8073:

International Institute for Environment and Development

7844: 7348: 6041: 5507: 5505: 5206:"Handy image shows how climate deniers manipulate data" 4571:

O'Neill, Saffron J.; Boykoff, Max (28 September 2010).

4126: 3863:"Climate Change Skepticism and Denial: An Introduction" 3572:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

3161: 1575:

brought a swift international response. To the public,

676: 367:(who claim that no significant warming is taking place) 14450:

Nauges, Céline; Wheeler, Sarah Ann (11 October 2018).

13341:"Report: Big Money Confusing Public on Global Warming" 12835:"Americans Skeptical of Science Behind Global Warming" 11912:"Exposing the dirty money behind fake climate science" 11660:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

11416: 11131: 11067: 11065: 10718: 10716: 10529: 10124: 8010: 8008: 8006: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7094: 7014:"7. Projecting the Growth of Greenhouse-Gas Emissions" 5296: 3528: – Study of culturally induced ignorance or doubt 1948:, among others, is fighting emission reductions), the 1718:

public relations company, which set out a strategy of

434:

Even if there is warming, it is due to natural causes.

16514:

After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News

16146: 15818:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

12054: 10805:"Tom Coburn Labels Himself a "Global Warming Denier"" 10725:"Trump eyes cutting Interior, 'environment agencies'" 10498: 9615: 9613: 8628:

Unsworth, Kerrie L.; Fielding, Kelly S. (July 2014).

8458:

Lewandowsky, Stephan; Oberauer, Klaus (August 2016).

8244: 8183: 8181: 8044: 8042: 8040: 6978:"What's up with the weather: the debate: Fred Palmer" 6594:"ExxonMobil's Corporate Governance on Climate Change" 6563:"Climate Change: Consensus Forming around Adaptation" 6031:"Inhofe's 650 "dissenters" (make That 649... 648...)" 5693: 5563: 4964:"An addition to AP Stylebook entry on global warming" 4741:

Report, Democratic Caucus of the Committee on Science

3911:(2017). "Science denial as a form of pseudoscience". 3749:

National Center for Science Education (4 June 2010).

3481:

they would like to see addressed by local officials.

2594:

Fossil fuel companies and other private sector actors

797:

remained unchanged at the end of the investigations.

732:

Creating doubts about scientific publishing processes

533:

Discussing specific aspects of climate change science

415:

provides a more extended list, as does climatologist

17383:

Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act

16711: 14133:"Why some Republicans are warming to climate action" 13570:"Steven Koonin, la coqueluche des climatosceptiques" 13264:

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy

13090: 12421:"Climate change sceptic's work called into question" 11815:

Barnett, Antony; Townsend, Mark (28 November 2004).

11557:"Climate Change Doubt Is Tea Party Article of Faith" 11180: 10564: 10152: 9156: 8886:

Global Warming Becomes a Political Issue (1980-1983)

7068: 7066: 6872: 6321: 6249:"The Great Global Warming Swindle from Channel4.com" 5502: 4476:

Adversaries, zombies and NIPCC climate pseudoscience

4258:

Climate Cover-Up: The Crusade to Deny Global Warming

3964: 3558: – What everyone can do to limit climate change 3507: 2150:

In 2023, Republican politician and Baptist minister

2024: 1043:

Climate change denial sign in Sudbury, Canada (2016)

838:

and "the pre-eminent luke-warmist" Danish economist

27:

Denial of the scientific consensus on climate change

18923: 14075:"6 global warming skeptics who changed their minds" 12475:Gillis, Justin; Schwartz, John (21 February 2015). 12012: 11419:"Assessing ExxonMobil's global warming projections" 11062: 10713: 10100:"Meet the Money Behind The Climate Denial Movement" 9822: 9820: 8457: 8231: 8229: 7995: 7866:(8): See esp. "Abstract" and "General discussion". 7513: 7228:Heatley, Brian; Read, Rupert; Foster, John (2019). 6878: 6703:

International Institute for Sustainable Development

6448: 3646: 3451: 2412:is a natural scientist and is the president of the 2125: 1314:Though climate change denial was apparently waning 56:weather in a single location in a single week from 16486:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy 13829: 12991: 12619: 12357:Gillis, Justin; Schartz, John (21 February 2015). 12245:"Scientists offered cash to dispute climate study" 10638: 10443:Stephanie Pappas; LiveScience (15 February 2012). 10412:Justin Gillis; Leslie Kaufman (15 February 2012). 10333: 9843: 9646:"Nations Approve Landmark Climate Accord in Paris" 9610: 9340:"Frontline: Hot Politics: Interviews: Frank Luntz" 9228: 8306: 8304: 8178: 8051:"Meteorologists targeted in climate misinfo surge" 8048: 8037: 8016: 7672:"Ideology and the Narrative of Climate Skepticism" 6324:Conspiracy Theories: Philosophers Connect the Dots 5939:"House of Lords – Economic Affairs – Third Report" 4570: 4173:MSNBC single page version, archived 20 August 2007 2918:totaled $ 274,000, and between 2005 and 2010 from 2486: 2382:in relation to climate change and other issues.), 1661:August 2007 cover story "The Truth About Denial", 1401:well are even more likely to deny climate change. 1376:. The gap has been widening since the late 2010s 1081:fluoride to drinking water for 'sinister' purposes 215:But the word "skepticism" is incorrectly used, as 163:organized denial of the hazards of tobacco smoking 17038:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 16590:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 13105:Only statistically significant differences shown. 12755: 12583: 12267: 11858:"Exxon's Uncertainty Campaign in Black and White" 11773:"Exxon Backs Groups that Question Global Warming" 11410: 10690: 10240: 10212: 9235:Colman, Zack; Guillén, Alex (17 September 2021). 9119:Environmental Communication and the Public Sphere 8950: 8130:"Plenary Speech Climate Change October 14th 2015" 7227: 7063: 6095: 6093: 6013:"More on Inhofe's alleged list of 650 scientists" 5847:Global warming : the causes and consequences 5606: 5511: 5116:Björnberg, Karin Edvardsson; et al. (2017). 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 393:is released from the ocean by natural processes." 20215: 16933:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos 16018:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 13700:. Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. 13067: 13063: 13061: 13018: 12798:Climate Change from a Criminological Perspective 12739:Routledge handbook of climate change and society 12695: 11989: 11316: 11189:"Global-warming skeptics continue to punch away" 10668: 10666: 10664: 9817: 9134:"An excerpt from Boiling Point by Ross Gelbspan" 8627: 8282: 8226: 8209: 8207: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7447: 5634: 5627:Using example of Republican U.S. Representative 4761: 4759: 4757: 4254: 3664: 3336:Following people who have changed their position 2667:was a leader in climate change denial, opposing 2219:(NOAA expected sea levels along U.S. coastlines 2130:According to documents leaked in February 2012, 1028: 93:fail to reconcile it with their belief or action 14482:"Talking About Climate Change in Trump Country" 14283:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science 13836:Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 13758: 13756: 13626:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 13491:"Far-Right Climate Denial Is Growing in Europe" 12934:"An Interview with CSICon Speaker Michael Mann" 12342:. Global Climate. 19 April 2003. Archived from 12145:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 11814: 11585: 11084:from the original on 18 April 2023 – via 10360: 9668: 9449:"Hardball With Chris Matthews for May 12, 2014" 9364: 8996:"Global Warming Has Begun, Expert Tells Senate" 8301: 8235: 8213: 7921: 7676:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 7586:"Senate Environment And Public Works Committee" 7262: 7097:"The challenge of climate-change neoskepticism" 6424:"The Independent Climate Change E-mails Review" 6106:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science 6062:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science 5844: 5161: 4855: 4577:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4348: 4346: 2706:ExxonMobil has funded, among other groups, the 2283:, the minister of foreign affairs appointed by 1908:August 23, 2023, Republican presidential debate 1217: 704:University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 14279:Oxford Research Encyclopedias: Climate science 13688: 13613: 13528:Plottu, Pierre; Macé, Maxime (23 April 2023). 13256: 13207: 13001:International Public Opinion on Climate Change 12827: 12474: 12035: 11353: 11347: 11122:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. 11046:Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (15 April 2023). 10620: 9437: 9125: 9031:"Global warming: How skepticism became denial" 9024: 9022: 8576: 8517: 7011: 6486: 6090: 5220: 5197: 5157: 5155: 5075: 5016: 4831:"Verbal Warming: Labels in the Climate Debate" 4385: 4383: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3950: 3769: 3744: 3742: 855: 360:. Later the model was also applied to denial: 17942: 17708: 17468: 17246:Election denial movement in the United States 16132: 14758:History of climate change policy and politics 14553: 14449: 13909: 13084: 13058: 12356: 11273: 10661: 10405: 10266: 9234: 8204: 8014: 7896: 7460:Douglas, Karen M.; Sutton, Robbie M. (2015). 7459: 7444: 7023:Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change 6846:Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 6756:"U.S., China Got Climate Warnings Toned Down" 6591: 6383:United States Environmental Protection Agency 5995:"How many on Inhofe's list are IPCC authors?" 5880:"Special insert—An open letter to Ben Santer" 5877: 5871: 5559: 5557: 5469:Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 5455: 5453: 4896:Seifter, Andrew; Strupp, Joe (22 June 2015). 4895: 4889: 4822: 4754: 4699:"The Public and Climate, cont. footnote 136a" 4537: 3698: 2699:used in its denials of the link between lung 2504:The examples and perspective in this article 2370:or climate change scientists. These included 1731:(TASSC) and its Junk Science website, run by 1494:History of climate change policy and politics 1442:The examples and perspective in this section 176:refers to denial, dismissal, or doubt of the 20234:Conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump 19900: 14099: 14069: 14067: 13878: 13753: 13425:Millennium: Journal of International Studies 13365: 11930: 11590:. Center for American Progress Action Fund. 11579: 11548: 11039: 10325: 9401: 9088:"Pro-Coal Ad Campaign Disputes Warming Idea" 7265:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 6952: 6352: 5941:. Publications.parliament.uk. Archived from 4983: 4343: 3913:Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 3285:The role of emotions and persuasive argument 2969: 2695:, tactics, organizations, and personnel the 2164:atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide 2156:Kids Guide to the Truth About Climate Change 1723:their "sound science", and operated through 1258:Links with nationalism and right-wing groups 747:manufacture political and public controversy 656: 16466: 14875:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 14105: 13795: 12736: 12538: 12018: 11800:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 10796: 10331: 10184: 10130: 9019: 8947:, in The Discovery of Global Warming 8464:Current Directions in Psychological Science 7955: 7953: 7637: 7635: 7633: 6833: 6592:Logan, Andrew; Grossman, David (May 2006). 5152: 4955: 4380: 4255:Hoggan, James; Littlemore, Richard (2009). 4205: 3947: 3907: 3739: 3627: 2361:American and New Zealand climate scientist 2260:, the first elected politician to serve as 1110:, suggested in 2006 that supporters of the 901:Delaying climate change mitigation measures 270:called on the media to stop using the term 196:are nowadays used with the same meaning as 18455: 17475: 17461: 16918:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines 16139: 16125: 16099: 16087: 15544: 14560: 14546: 14233: 13879:O'Connor, Mary Catherine (26 April 2017). 13527: 12661: 12589: 12509: 12387: 11475:Industry Ignored Its Scientists on Climate 11091: 11072:Greene, Marjorie Taylor (15 April 2023). 10705:. 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Sterling (19 September 2005). 6272: 6270: 6163: 6143: 5717:"The greenhouse effect and carbon dioxide" 5714: 5554: 5450: 5254:"Science Denial and the Science Classroom" 5058:"Living in the Web of Soft Climate Denial" 5022: 4668:"Government: The View from Washington, DC" 4543: 4520:"7 Answers to Climate Contrarian Nonsense" 4389: 4358:"Exxon Mobil and the G.O.P.: Fossil Fools" 4027:Annual Review of Environment and Resources 3467: 3116:Climate change policy of the United States 3020:mitigate the damage done by global warming 2099:, have promoted climate change denial and 1710:For example, in 1992 an EPA report linked 1670:Similarities with tobacco industry tactics 1460:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 1149:Effects of climate change on mental health 626:Some groups and prominent deniers such as 498:manufactured doubt over smoking and health 266:In December 2014, an open letter from the 15839: 15645:Adaptation strategies on the German coast 14783:United Nations Climate Change conferences 14064: 13855: 13789: 13653: 12801:. Springer Science & Business Media. 12713: 12512:"Utilities Paying Global Warming Skeptic" 12167: 12157: 12060: 11936: 11817:"Claims by think-tank outrage eco-groups" 11638: 11442: 11322: 11299: 11274:Supran, Geoffrey; Oreskes, Naomi (2017). 11186: 11159: 11108: 10311:. Springer Science & Business Media. 9705:is not the main driver of climate change" 9479: 9257: 8993: 8706: 8485:1983/493a3119-4525-430a-abb5-b0521440fb39 8483: 8405: 8318:. Pew Research Center. 13 February 2020. 8273: 7881: 7871: 7772:"The Existential Dread of Climate Change" 7695: 7641: 7325: 7307: 7204: 7157: 7005: 6912: 6701:. Climate Change Knowledge Network & 6224: 5849:. New Delhi: Mind Melodies. p. 137. 5840: 5838: 5804: 5699: 5589: 5537: 5443:1983/34949783-dac1-4ce7-ad95-5dc0798930a6 5441: 5431: 5399: 5390: 5305: 5279: 5203: 5171:. Columbia University Press. p. 23. 5143: 5115: 4989: 4614: 4596: 4573:"Climate denier, skeptic, or contrarian?" 4326: 4231: 4048:1983/93c742bc-4895-42ac-be81-535f36c5039d 4046: 3753:. National Center for Science Education. 3230: 2542:Learn how and when to remove this message 1919:fact check found no supporting evidence. 1476:Learn how and when to remove this message 722:Committee on Environment and Public Works 638:Playing up the potential non-human causes 334: 142:, and exerts a powerful influence on the 18604: 17271:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection 15349:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation 14172:"Climate-change denier changes his mind" 14169: 13671: 13567: 13183: 12928: 12761: 12388:Goldenberg, Suzanne (21 February 2015). 12298: 12041: 11497: 11357:Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand 11219: 11155: 11153: 10507:"The Heartbreak for Heartland Continues" 10474:Goldenberg, Suzanne (15 February 2012). 10059:Goldenberg, Suzanne (14 February 2013). 9975:Goldenberg, Suzanne (20 December 2013). 9549: 9512: 9443: 9131: 7959: 7950: 7630: 7604: 6753: 6482: 6480: 6195: 4922: 4861: 4792: 4786: 4765: 4547:Climate Change Denial: Heads in the Sand 4083: 4081: 4013: 3362:(ALEC) and former vice president of the 3186: 2973: 2654: 2553: 1974:Conservative and libertarian think tanks 1843: 1776:— Then U.S. President Donald Trump, 1746: 1363: 1250:, second-hand smoke, and the dangers of 1038: 791:Climatic Research Unit email controversy 536: 448: 338: 130:, industry advocates, ultraconservative 31: 18393: 17482: 17070:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies 15705:National Adaptation Programme of Action 15494:Land use, land-use change, and forestry 13608:from the original on 23 September 2019. 13457: 13418: 13338: 12889: 12468: 12133: 12094: 12061:Schneider, Isabel (14 September 2023). 11140:"Climate Deniers of the 118th Congress" 11014: 10948: 10696: 10535: 10366: 10131:Porterfield, Carlie (2 November 2021). 10097: 9849: 9826: 9762: 9619: 9167: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8728: 8726: 8676: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8558:Weddig, Catherine (15 September 2022). 8553: 8551: 8549: 8513: 8511: 8336: 8332: 8330: 8098:Harari, Yuval Noah (20 February 2017). 8069:"Climate denial and the populist right" 7831: 7718: 7182: 7180: 6780: 6560: 6421: 6398: 6322:Greene, R.; Robison-Greene, R. 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(2008). 3510: 3452:Effective approaches to dialogue 3306: 3293: 3263: 3239: 3137: 3124: 3109: 3091: 3075: 3001:media coverage of climate change 2997:Public opinion on climate change 2992:Media coverage of climate change 2988:Public opinion on climate change 2708:Competitive Enterprise Institute 2649:ExxonMobil climate change denial 2647:This section is an excerpt from 2495: 2317: 2126:Publications for school children 2119:, a climate change denial blog. 2113:is an American blogger who runs 1830:Council on Environmental Quality 1433: 1384:. The "freedom of the commons" ( 1158:This section is an excerpt from 932: 919: 755:The Great Global Warming Swindle 571: 553: 19553:Petrograd Military Organization 19076:International Jewish conspiracy 18924:Race, religion and/or ethnicity 18586:Denial of the 7 October attacks 18411:California drought manipulation 17033:Information war against Ukraine 16580:International Jewish conspiracy 16548:Congo Free State propaganda war 15862:Instrumental temperature record 15813:Sustainable Development Goal 13 14419:Renner, Ben (18 January 2020). 14357:Lee, McIntyre (8 August 2019). 14234:Nuccitelli, Dana (8 May 2017). 13610:Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3. 13237:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.001 12243:Sample, Ian (2 February 2007). 12121:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.08.003 12042:Paddison, Laura (27 May 2023). 11222:"Chill out over global warming" 11220:Harsanyi, David (5 June 2006). 10219:Craig, Sean (31 October 2016). 9513:Kliegman, Julie (18 May 2014). 9132:Gelbspan, Ross (22 July 2004). 8908:The Discovery of Global Warming 8657:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.05.002 8564:Social Science Research Council 8540:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.06.003 8214:Claudia Wallner (11 May 2022). 7642:Achenbach, Joel (28 May 2006). 7367:10.1016/j.cognition.2014.08.006 6929: 6774: 6747: 6721: 6691: 6662: 6626: 6585: 6554: 6524: 6511: 6422:Russell, Sir Muir (July 2010). 6415: 6399:Jonsson, Patrik (7 July 2010). 6392: 6330: 6315: 6293: 6251:. Channel 4.com. Archived from 6241: 6189: 6137: 6053: 6023: 6005: 5987: 5957: 5930: 5898: 5781: 5755: 5708: 5687: 5656: 5350:Adapted directly from Fig. 3.3. 5049: 4943:from the original on 5 May 2021 4930:"AP: Deniers Are Not Skeptics!" 4871:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 4690: 4672:The Discovery of Global Warming 4666:Weart, Spencer R. (June 2015). 4631: 4416: 4296: 4100: 3823:Powell, James Lawrence (2011). 2487:Lobbying and related activities 1888:American Meteorological Society 1688:and those of the tobacco giant 1569:Environmental Protection Agency 801:Being "lukewarm" or "skeptical" 700:American Meteorological Society 690:In 1996, climate change denier 669:, a food policy analyst at the 383:Attribution skeptics or deniers 284:'s public editor said that the 268:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 19502:Israel-related animal theories 17345: 17261:Information Operations Roadmap 17171:Psychological Warfare Division 16741:Chinese information operations 16690:Water fluoridation controversy 15930:Climate variability and change 15280: 14966:Retreat of glaciers since 1850 14273:Cook, John (26 October 2016). 14201:Boot, Max (26 November 2018). 13912:"We're All Global Warmers Now" 11280:Environmental Research Letters 11116:"Overview of Greenhouse Gases" 10949:Waldman, Scott (17 May 2018). 10803:Brown, Alex (27 August 2013). 10604:Gopal, Keerti (31 July 2023). 9480:EarthTalk (22 December 2014). 8429:Hall, David (8 October 2019). 6936:Yoder, Kate (29 August 2022). 5663:Archer, David (6 April 2005). 5570:Environmental Research Letters 5518:Environmental Research Letters 5412:Environmental Research Letters 5371:Environmental Research Letters 5103:(Munich: PG Verlag) pp. 76–83 4772:. Reading, MA: Perseus Books. 4261:. Vancouver: Greystone Books. 4212:Environmental Research Letters 3901: 3593:Climate Change Denial Disorder 3425:, professor of physics at the 2418:Carbon Dioxide: Friend or Foe? 2209: 2203:Donald Trump on sea level rise 2197: 1984:Center for Media and Democracy 1938: 1692:, including direct attacks on 1505: 1346:secure national identification 1342:secure national identification 1079:is real, the government "adds 168: 155:climate change denial campaign 13: 1: 19664:First Catilinarian conspiracy 18706:Ideology in incel communities 17368:Active Measures Working Group 17026:during the Russo-Georgian War 16993:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B 16040:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 15575:Climate emergency declaration 14040:Ahmed, Amel (16 April 2018). 13041:● Data re top emitters from: 11845:The public and climate change 11640:10.1080/09644016.2021.1947636 10918:Koren, Marina (17 May 2018). 10723:Cama, Timothy (3 June 2024). 10505:Branch, Glenn (5 June 2017). 10247:Rowell, Andy (24 June 2017). 8859:Pattee, Emma (14 June 2022). 8289:Saad, Lydia (20 April 2023). 7422:10.1080/13546783.2015.1051586 6643:. 15 May 2006. Archived from 6454:Biello, David (Feb., 2010). " 6379:Pennsylvania State University 5906:"Final Climate Change Report" 5433:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002 5229:"The global warming 'hiatus'" 5145:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.066 5123:Journal of Cleaner Production 4642:. Columbia University Press. 4306:American Behavioral Scientist 3867:American Behavioral Scientist 3620: 3022:. 40% of Americans believed ( 2999:is significantly affected by 2963:American Enterprise Institute 2855:The authors of the 2010 book 2850:George W. Bush administration 2842:American Enterprise Institute 2831:Institute for Energy Research 2689:Union of Concerned Scientists 2663:From the 1980s to mid 2000s, 2641: 2356: 2007:American Enterprise Institute 1616:U.S. conservative think tanks 1142: 1029:Promoting conspiracy theories 696:IPCC Second Assessment Report 263:influencing decision makers. 20107: 20030:Freeman on the land movement 19920:Maricopa County ballot audit 19878:"Vast right-wing conspiracy" 19336: 18305:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 17589:Global catastrophe scenarios 17504: 17251:The Freedom Fighter's Manual 16928:Fake news in the Philippines 16532: 16300:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 16023:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report 15249:Middle East and North Africa 14580: 13857:10.1016/j.cosust.2019.11.008 13602:science2017.globalchange.gov 11407:. Retrieved 26 October 2015. 10273:Kay, Jonathan (1 May 2017). 9701:"Energy Secty Rick Perry: CO 9454:Hardball With Chris Matthews 8911:. Harvard University Press. 8275:10.1371/journal.pclm.0000146 7873:10.1371/journal.pone.0307294 6429:. p. 11. Archived from 5392:10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024 5342:science2017.globalchange.gov 5259:CBE: Life Sciences Education 4233:10.1088/1748-9326/7/4/044005 4088:Vidal, John (27 June 2011). 3429:, and the co-founder of the 3014:and denial have resulted in 2931:, and the Southern Company. 2916:American Petroleum Institute 2836:After the IPCC released its 2754:. Greenpeace have said that 2724:International Policy Network 2712:George C. Marshall Institute 2679:is caused by the burning of 2451:National Academy of Sciences 2420:, which said increases in CO 2217:— Donald Trump, 2 June 2024 2037:The "toxic ten" publishers: 1789:anthropogenic climate change 1632:American Petroleum Institute 1596:George C. Marshall Institute 1499:Typical storyline of deniers 1412:. This is partially because 1299:and by its energy spokesman 1218:Connections to other debates 89:adaptation to global warming 7: 20194:Science by press conference 20167:Online youth radicalization 20086:Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme 19773:CIA assistance to bin Laden 19416:(outside the United States) 18580:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 18526:Mozambican presidential jet 18266:United Air Lines Flight 553 17797:Interdimensional hypothesis 17493:List of conspiracy theories 17378:Counter Misinformation Team 17373:Counter disinformation unit 16823:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht 16310:Forgery as covert operation 14747: 14285:. Oxford University Press. 13027:"The Peoples' Climate Vote" 12101:Global Environmental Change 12000:(Report). 8 February 2024. 10887:Frej, Willa (18 May 2018). 10699:"Pfluger Fly-By Newsletter" 9910:The Climate Reality Project 9418:The New York Times Magazine 8637:Global Environmental Change 8520:Global Environmental Change 6301:"Another Species of Denial" 3933:10.1016/j.shpsa.2017.05.002 3503: 3397:In 2009, Russian president 3213:Alternative for Deutschland 3053:Deliberate attempts by the 2693:many of the same strategies 2610:Between 1989 and 2002, the 2518:, discuss the issue on the 2402:("long associated with the 2314:Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene 2287:'s newly elected president 1605:global warming conspiracies 1546:presidency of Ronald Reagan 1456:, discuss the issue on the 1189:Reactions to climate change 892:and environmental activist 856:Pushing for adaptation only 775:consensus on climate change 428:is not actually increasing. 10: 20255: 20229:Climate change and society 19478:Middle East / North Africa 18878:oral polio AIDS hypothesis 18742: 17388:The Disinformation Project 16818:Propaganda in Nazi Germany 16174:Algorithmic radicalization 15857:Global surface temperature 15748:Popular culture depictions 15660:Ecosystem-based adaptation 15390:Carbon capture and storage 15312:Carbon offsets and credits 14628: 14108:"Finally Feeling the Heat" 13734:10.1007/s10584-022-03397-w 11959:10.1038/d41586-024-00396-y 11360:. Earthscan. p. 108. 8905:Weart, Spencer R. (2009). 8699:10.1016/j.erss.2014.03.007 7559:Than, Ker (4 April 2013). 7277:10.1037/0022-3514.37.5.637 7032:Cambridge University Press 6905:10.1038/s41467-022-32412-y 6532:"Environmental Task Force" 5790:"The Real Climate Scandal" 4867:"Deniers are not Skeptics" 4544:Washington, Haydn (2013). 3791:"Why Is It Called Denial?" 3488: 3113: 2985: 2912:Charles G. Koch Foundation 2908:Freedom of Information Act 2646: 1673: 1487: 1424: 1261: 1157: 1146: 1032: 904: 680: 641: 588: 453:One deceptive approach is 397:Impact skeptics or deniers 329:soft climate change denial 144:politics of climate change 20113: 20102: 20058: 20015: 19956: 19950: 19945: 19719: 19618: 19571: 19530: 19477: 19412: 19346: 19342: 19331: 19255: 19207: 19161: 19019: 18929: 18918: 18748: 18737: 18610: 18599: 18464: 18450: 18401: 18388: 18349: 18314: 18211: 17952: 17948: 17943:Deaths and disappearances 17937: 17808:Estimate of the Situation 17714: 17709:Astronomy and outer space 17703: 17627: 17514: 17510: 17499: 17490: 17351: 17340: 17311: 17305:Bolivarian Army of Trolls 17299: 17281:Tobacco industry playbook 17212:CIA Kennedy assassination 17184: 17130: 17104: 17092: 17006: 16953: 16941: 16910: 16898: 16886: 16874: 16862: 16831: 16805: 16793: 16733: 16721: 16717: 16706: 16538: 16527: 16472: 16461: 16345:Manipulation (psychology) 16169: 16163: 16158: 16069:Climate change portal 16056: 15995: 15962:Extreme event attribution 15880: 15849: 15845: 15834: 15778: 15713: 15635: 15585:School Strike for Climate 15557: 15553: 15539: 15508: 15464:Climate-smart agriculture 15425: 15382: 15292: 15288: 15275: 15199: 15057: 15004: 14847: 14843: 14830: 14753: 14742: 14671: 14640: 14636: 14623: 14606:Climate change adaptation 14601:Climate change mitigation 14596:Effects of climate change 14586: 14575: 14137:Christian Science Monitor 13408:– via ResearchGate. 13277:10.1108/01443330310790327 13257:Dispensa, Jaclyn Marisa; 12569:10.1007/s10584-013-1018-7 11746:Mann, Michael E. (2014). 11613:Franta, Benjamin (2022). 11160:Trenberth, K. E. (2023). 10778:Media Matters for America 10038:10.1007/s10584-013-1018-7 9942:. Routledge. p. 44. 9799:Health News Florida, WUSF 9342:. PBS. 13 November 2006. 9121:. Sage. pp. 311–312. 8966:Climate Change ProCon.org 8407:10.1027/1016-9040/a000487 7944:10.1080/00139159709604359 7232:. In Foster, John (ed.). 5099:10 September 2021 at the 5062:New Economic Perspectives 4903:Media Matters for America 4638:Mann, Michael E. (2013). 3991:10.1080/09644010802055576 3861:Dunlap, Riley E. (2013). 3656:. NASA. 20 January 2016. 3182: 3055:Western Fuels Association 2970:Effects on public opinion 2746:An analysis conducted by 2598:Research conducted at an 2440:Colorado State University 2430:was a climate scientist ( 2316: 2302: 1932:of climate change deniers 1766:2020 California wildfires 1676:Tobacco industry playbook 1394:climate change mitigation 1388:), or the freedom to use 1184:environmental stewardship 941:climate change mitigation 717:On 10 December 2008, the 657:Playing up flawed studies 365:Trend skeptics or deniers 358:climate change skepticism 323:, people have also shown 209:climate change skepticism 20007:Shakespearean authorship 19985:Shadow government claims 19788:Election denial movement 19684:Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet 18136:Diana, Princess of Wales 17687:Psychological projection 17670:Mass psychogenic illness 17393:East StratCom Task Force 17207:9/11 conspiracy theories 16204:List of cognitive biases 15972:Global warming potential 15779:International agreements 15426:Preserving and enhancing 14865:Arctic methane emissions 14787:Years in climate change 14694:Greenhouse gas emissions 14591:Causes of climate change 13437:10.1177/0305829818775817 12715:10.1177/2053168017743105 12134:Farrell, Justin (2015). 11301:10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f 11138:So, Kat (18 July 2024). 10253:Oil Change International 9058:10.1177/0096340210392966 8770:"The Truth About Denial" 8591:10.1177/0956797612449177 8476:10.1177/0963721416654436 7697:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0327.1 7530:10.1177/0956797612457686 7486:10.1177/0096340215571908 7410:Thinking & Reasoning 7309:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00225 6858:10.1177/0270467619886266 6822:. June 2022. p. 4. 6786:"Costing Climate Change" 6277:Al Webb (6 March 2007). 5845:Haldar, Ishita. (2011). 5591:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774 5539:10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 5481:10.1177/0270467619886266 4319:10.1177/0002764215613403 4157:"The Truth About Denial" 3879:10.1177/0002764213477097 3550:Environmental skepticism 3497:Charles, Prince of Wales 3193:European Investment Bank 3165:the U.S. tobacco lobby. 3033:Manufactured uncertainty 3016:poor action or no action 2893:Global Climate Coalition 2891:and General Motors. The 2867:Global Climate Coalition 2838:Fourth Assessment Report 2616:greenhouse gas emissions 2612:Global Climate Coalition 1906:When a moderator at the 1620:environmental skepticism 1592:Global Climate Coalition 1552:monitoring. Congressman 18:Global warming denialist 20124:Conspiracy Encyclopedia 20118:Argument from ignorance 19818:Philadelphia Experiment 19437:Avro Arrow cancellation 19262:Denial of mass killings 18944:COVID-19 and xenophobia 18428:Free energy suppression 17619:Urban legends and myths 17544:power behind the throne 17319:Public opinion brigades 17276:Niger uranium forgeries 17266:Litter boxes in schools 16636:COVID-19 misinformation 16558:Free energy suppression 16467:Books and documentaries 16241:Euphemistic misspeaking 16003:Climate change scenario 15655:Disaster risk reduction 15307:Carbon emission trading 15117:U.S. insurance industry 15092:Civilizational collapse 14939:sea surface temperature 13646:10.1073/pnas.2214851120 13372:Nelson, Joshua (2020). 13099:. Pew Research Center. 13050:. Climate Watch. 2021. 13024:● Survey results from: 12702:Research & Politics 12159:10.1073/pnas.1509433112 12095:Antilla, Liisa (2005). 12006:10.1126/science.zuort15 11444:10.1126/science.abk0063 11399:8 November 2021 at the 9651:5 November 2021 at the 9029:Weart, Spencer (2011). 8747:10.1111/0162-895X.00150 7296:Frontiers in Psychology 7187:Wendel, JoAnna (2016). 7121:10.1126/science.aaf6675 7012:Nicholas Stern (2006). 6678:San Francisco Chronicle 4766:Gelbspan, Ross (1998). 4598:10.1073/pnas.1010507107 4481:2 February 2019 at the 3468:Approaches with farmers 2829:revealed it funded the 2823:Koch family foundations 2741:The Wall Street Journal 2132:The Heartland Institute 1999:The Heritage Foundation 782:and others. Journalist 513:MMR vaccine controversy 288:was increasingly using 87:, and the potential of 20162:Historical negationism 19591:Operation Sledgehammer 19357:Cow vigilante violence 19049:during the Black Death 18236:Great Kantō earthquake 18106:GEC-Marconi scientists 18052:Martin Luther King Jr. 17815:Lake Michigan Triangle 17784:Black Knight satellite 17645:Communal reinforcement 17559:Political conspiracies 17065:2016 Brexit referendum 16414:Scientific fabrication 16325:Historical negationism 15996:Research and modelling 15680:Nature-based solutions 15500:Nature-based solutions 15442:Carbon dioxide removal 15359:Fossil fuel divestment 15344:Climate risk insurance 15254:Small island countries 14870:Arctic sea ice decline 13419:Daggett, Cara (2018). 12708:(4): 205316801774310. 11700:10.3763/cpol.2002.0202 11619:Environmental Politics 11166:. Kevin E. Trenberth. 8957:Hansen, James (1988). 8794:Hudson, March (2016). 8775:. Newsweek. p. 20 8566:– via MediaWell. 7897:Peter Jacques (2009). 7158:Yirka, Bob; Phys.org. 6705:. 2007. Archived from 6456:Negating 'Climategate' 6387:Department of Commerce 5461:Powell, James Lawrence 5272:10.1187/cbe.12-03-0029 5252:Liu, D. W. C. (2012). 3971:Environmental Politics 3579: – Cognitive bias 3568:Right-wing antiscience 3403:2010 Russian wildfires 3231:Responses to denialism 3207:, Austria's far-right 3203:, Finland's far-right 3196: 3018:at all to effectively 2983: 2874:at Ozone Action. When 2685:major oil corporations 2660: 2579: 2378:and has been called a 2347:Marjorie Taylor Greene 2342: 2309: 2234:in 2017 discussed the 2214: 2001:, Marshall Institute, 1961: 1857: 1773: 1760: 1612:1989 fall of communism 1562:Wallace Smith Broecker 1540:, suggested President 1511: 1386:tragedy of the commons 1377: 1336:. The authors defined 1272:Right-wing antiscience 1085:moon landing was faked 1044: 866:climate change deniers 820:Breakthrough Institute 546: 474: 447: 344: 335:Categories and tactics 241:climate change deniers 198:climate change deniers 61: 20224:Climate change denial 19890:Stab-in-the-back myth 19694:Clockwork Orange plot 19222:Bihar human sacrifice 19153:Stab-in-the-back myth 18976:German POWs post-WWII 18858:Germ theory denialism 18853:Electronic harassment 18574:Smolensk air disaster 18538:Oklahoma City bombing 18416:Climate change denial 18212:Accidents / disasters 18148:Nepalese royal family 17635:Attitude polarization 17361:Fact-checking website 17166:Operation Mass Appeal 17148:Clockwork Orange plot 16658:Mental illness denial 16553:Climate change denial 16370:Psychological warfare 16340:Internet manipulation 16305:Firehose of falsehood 16231:Disinformation attack 15957:Earth's energy budget 15840:Background and theory 15728:Climate crisis (term) 15400:Fossil fuel phase-out 15294:Economics and finance 15259:by individual country 15201:By country and region 15176:Security and conflict 15171:Psychological impacts 14855:Abrupt climate change 14778:Charles David Keeling 14611:By country and region 13555:Fondation Jean-Jaurès 13123:Nature Climate Change 12865:Environmental Studies 11142:. American Progress. 10572:"Classroom Resources" 10370:Nature Climate Change 9936:Borowy, Iris (2014). 9738:"AMS Letter to Perry" 9306:(27 September 2015). 9173:"The denial industry" 9171:(19 September 2006). 8579:Psychological Science 8394:European Psychologist 8339:American Psychologist 7721:American Psychologist 7517:Psychological Science 6885:Nature Communications 6217:10.1038/embor.2010.84 5092:Rahmstorf, S., 2004, 5056:Smith, Devin (2016). 4750:on 26 September 2007. 4518:Rennie, John (2009). 4428:24 April 2017 at the 3717:10.1093/eurpub/ckn139 3532:Anti-environmentalism 3518:Climate change portal 3489:Further information: 3392:A Moment on the Earth 3190: 3114:Further information: 2977: 2658: 2568:acknowledge and doubt 2557: 2453:president, wrote the 2308: 2298: 2205: 2187:liquefied natural gas 2111:Willard Anthony Watts 2059:Media Research Center 1934: 1878:In a 2017 interview, 1873:anti-environmentalism 1847: 1787:is unique in denying 1769: 1750: 1637:In 1998, journalists 1501: 1410:political affiliation 1367: 1328:studied two forms of 1322:A study published in 1293:UK Independence Party 1204:A study published in 1042: 1033:Further information: 949:pluralistic ignorance 945:false social reality, 905:Further information: 816:Michael Shellenberger 681:Further information: 642:Further information: 617:global warming hiatus 589:Further information: 540: 507:Selectivity, such as 469:(blue rectangle with 467:global warming hiatus 452: 421: 342: 237:climate change denial 222:climate change denial 217:scientific skepticism 174:Climate change denial 113:climate change denial 69:global warming denial 65:Climate change denial 40:, Republican Senator 35: 19961:Dead Internet theory 19462:Daktari Ranch affair 19247:Trojan Horse scandal 18625:anti-gender movement 18605:Gender and sexuality 18562:Madrid train bombing 18508:Lufthansa Flight 615 18196:Sushant Singh Rajput 17736:Apollo Moon landings 17640:Cognitive dissonance 16500:Who's Who in the CIA 15786:Glasgow Climate Pact 15447:Carbon sequestration 15017:Mass mortality event 14083:. 1 September 2010. 14017:. 14 November 2018. 13797:Lewandowsky, Stephan 13143:10.1038/nclimate2583 13048:ClimateWatchData.org 12593:(20 December 2013). 10391:10.1038/nclimate2875 9913:. 5 September 2019. 9411:(27 February 2011). 9117:Cox, Robert (2009). 8735:Political Psychology 8162:. 10 November 2017. 8075:. 15 November 2016. 7206:10.1029/2016EO057547 6891:(1): 4779 (fig. 3). 6791:New Internationalist 6650:on 23 September 2006 6614:on 23 September 2006 6573:on 29 September 2007 6373:May 9, 2013, at the 6283:The Washington Times 5800:on 12 December 2009. 5463:(20 November 2019). 2787:'s 2022 takeover of 2524:create a new article 2516:improve this article 2506:may not represent a 2230:Former U.S. Senator 2177:U.S. Representative 2064:The Washington Times 1988:State Policy Network 1826:fossil fuel lobbyist 1626:and climate change. 1454:improve this section 1444:may not represent a 1297:Christopher Monckton 1009:In political terms, 694:criticized the 1995 580:scientific consensus 517:medieval warm period 252:scientific consensus 36:On the floor of the 20035:Redemption movement 19803:Georgia Guidestones 19086:Cultural Bolshevism 18725:Soy and masculinity 18395:Energy, environment 18299:EgyptAir Flight 990 18040:Lal Bahadur Shastri 18010:Subhas Chandra Bose 17484:Conspiracy theories 17202:Conspiracy theories 17143:Double-Cross System 17112:Conspiracy theories 16973:Operation INFEKTION 16761:Internet Water Army 16615:Strategy of tension 16480:by Ion Mihai Pacepa 16365:Post-truth politics 15925:Climate sensitivity 15700:The Adaptation Fund 15156:Infectious diseases 15058:Social and economic 14488:. 7 December 2017. 14332:Scientific American 14208:The Washington Post 13946:(2 February 2007). 13848:2020COES...42...60W 13746:(Fig. 2 on p. 12) ( 13726:2022ClCh..173...19B 13678:Scientific American 13638:2023PNAS..12014851B 13632:(13): e2214851120. 13246:on 6 November 2015. 13229:2004GEC....14..125B 13135:2015NatCC...5..596H 12932:(20 October 2017). 12795:White, Rob (2012). 12639:. 23 October 2012. 12591:Goldenberg, Suzanne 12561:2014ClCh..122..681B 12340:"globalclimate.org" 12218:"Cloud Peak Energy" 12113:2005GEC....15..338A 11951:2024Natur.626..698T 11692:2002CliPo...2....3V 11631:2022EnvPo..31..555F 11480:9 June 2021 at the 11435:2023Sci...379.0063S 11292:2017ERL....12h4019S 10679:Scientific American 10610:Inside Climate News 10449:Scientific American 10383:2016NatCC...6..370F 10301:Farmer, Thomas G.; 10030:2014ClCh..122..681B 9856:The Washington Post 9801:. 21 October 2019. 9659:, 12 December 2015. 9487:Scientific American 9413:"Fact-Free Science" 9261:Politics and Policy 9050:2011BuAtS..67a..41W 8691:2014ERSS....1..161S 8649:2014GEC....27..131U 8532:2011GEC....21.1163M 8128:(14 October 2015). 7936:1997ESPSD..39b..12B 7688:2019BAMS..100S.415L 7682:(12): ES415–ES421. 7649:The Washington Post 7565:National Geographic 7478:2015BuAtS..71b..98D 7113:2016Sci...353..653S 7080:. 16 January 2024. 6966:on 24 January 2012. 6897:2022NatCo..13.4779S 6760:The Washington Post 6460:Scientific American 6176:The Washington Post 6037:. 15 December 2008. 6019:on 22 January 2012. 6001:on 27 January 2012. 5975:on 11 December 2008 5918:on 17 December 2008 5814:(9 December 2009). 5733:2013Wthr...68..100Z 5582:2021ERL....16j4030M 5530:2021ERL....16k4005L 5424:2016ERL....11d8002C 5383:2013ERL.....8b4024C 5136:2017JCPro.167..229B 4865:(5 December 2014). 4709:on 10 February 2015 4589:2010PNAS..107E.151O 4524:Scientific American 4491:, 26 September 2013 4452:. 13 January 2012. 4356:(5 November 2015). 4224:2012ERL.....7d4005P 4169:on 21 October 2007. 4113:Scientific American 3983:2008EnvPo..17..349J 3925:2017SHPSA..63...39H 3562:Motivated reasoning 3380:, the publisher of 2959:Donors Capital Fund 2952:donor-advised funds 2810:Funding for deniers 2777:Northern Hemisphere 2735:The Washington Post 2716:Heartland Institute 2691:, the company used 2436:atmospheric science 2396:Christopher Landsea 2116:Watts Up With That? 2046:The Western Journal 2019:Donors Capital Fund 1956:Eccentric Scientist 1898:Florida Republican 1778:September 13, 2020. 1614:, the attention of 1350:national narcissism 1338:national narcissism 1307:is anthropogenic." 1053:narcissistic people 1011:soft climate denial 824:Roger A. Pielke Jr. 738:conspiracy theories 663:Heartland Institute 184:. It can also take 20130:Conspiracy fiction 20040:Sovereign citizens 19793:FBI secret society 19778:Clinton body count 19598:Gezi Park protests 19563:Ukraine bioweapons 19362:Greater Bangladesh 19104:Judeo-Masonic plot 18901:Water fluoridation 18868:HIV/AIDS denialism 18615:Alpha / beta males 18514:Widerøe Flight 933 17992:Władysław Sikorski 17731:Ancient astronauts 17098:HIV/AIDS denialism 17075:Trolls from Olgino 16849:Paid news in India 16839:Fake news in India 16653:HIV/AIDS denialism 16507:Merchants of Doubt 16380:Military deception 16355:Media manipulation 16194:Circular reporting 15496:(LULUCF and AFOLU) 15468:Forest management 15452:Direct air capture 15417:Sustainable energy 15374:Net zero emissions 15369:Low-carbon economy 15364:Green Climate Fund 15151:Indigenous peoples 15049:Plant biodiversity 14837:Effects and issues 14112:The New York Times 13924:on 24 October 2006 13464:InsideClimate News 13190:Skeptical Inquirer 12484:The New York Times 12363:The New York Times 12305:The New York Times 12275:"Canvassing Works" 11862:InsideClimate News 11777:The New York Times 11561:The New York Times 11504:The New York Times 11486:The New York Times 11473:Revkin, Andrew C. 11429:(6628): eabk0063. 11080:). Hapeville, GA. 10867:The New York Times 10838:Schulman, Jeremy. 10418:The New York Times 9657:The New York Times 9592:The New York Times 9421:. pp. 11–12. 9375:The New York Times 9365:Davenport, Coral; 9274:10.1111/polp.12122 9092:The New York Times 9014:The Summer of 1988 9000:The New York Times 8023:. US: Bloomsbury. 7051:on 24 October 2007 6734:The New York Times 6542:on 6 February 2007 6436:on 6 February 2020 5969:www.epw.senate.gov 5945:on 15 October 2010 5751:– via Wiley. 5648:. 4 January 2024. 4836:The New York Times 4362:The New York Times 4285:See, e.g., pp. 31 4155:(13 August 2007). 3417:Great Barrier Reef 3197: 2984: 2887:, energy firm the 2876:Ford Motor Company 2858:Merchants of Doubt 2773:hockey stick graph 2729:The New York Times 2701:cancer and smoking 2661: 2624:The New York Times 2580: 2562:; blue with lines= 2460:Merchants of Doubt 2432:emeritus professor 2310: 2095:and its director, 1986:reported that the 1858: 1817:The New York Times 1761: 1378: 1360:Conservative views 1153:Climate psychology 1045: 983:A 2016 article in 758:is a 2007 British 547: 487:rhetorical devices 475: 345: 281:The New York Times 121:fossil fuels lobby 62: 20211: 20210: 20207: 20206: 20098: 20097: 20094: 20093: 20076:Birds Aren't Real 19941: 19940: 19937: 19936: 19933: 19932: 19763:Black helicopters 19674:Mano Negra affair 19644:Itavia Flight 870 19581:2016 coup attempt 19485:In the Arab world 19417: 19327: 19326: 19323: 19322: 19315:Serbs during WWII 19232:Great Replacement 19090:Jewish Bolshevism 19006:War against Islam 18985:Product labeling 18954:French Revolution 18914: 18913: 18753:5G misinformation 18733: 18732: 18595: 18594: 18550:advance knowledge 18532:Pan Am Flight 103 18446: 18445: 18384: 18383: 18380: 18379: 18328:Yemenite children 18058:Robert F. Kennedy 18034:Lee Harvey Oswald 18016:Johnny Stompanato 17933: 17932: 17929: 17928: 17925: 17924: 17886:Aztec, New Mexico 17789:Cryptoterrestrial 17699: 17698: 17695: 17694: 17650:Confirmation bias 17450: 17449: 17446: 17445: 17336: 17335: 17332: 17331: 17286:Operation Shocker 17088: 17087: 16968:K-1000 battleship 16799:Operation Neptune 16702: 16701: 16698: 16697: 16523: 16522: 16457: 16456: 16449:Yellow journalism 16397:counterpropaganda 16278:List of fallacies 16211:Conspiracy theory 16179:Alternative facts 16114: 16113: 16052: 16051: 16048: 16047: 15987:Radiative forcing 15830: 15829: 15826: 15825: 15650:Adaptive capacity 15535: 15534: 15531: 15530: 15395:Energy transition 15271: 15270: 15267: 15266: 14986:Tropical cyclones 14912:Urban heat island 14826: 14825: 14738: 14737: 14734: 14733: 14699:Carbon accounting 14653:Greenhouse effect 14619: 14618: 14300:978-0-19-022862-0 13799:(17 April 2014). 13259:Brulle, Robert J. 12808:978-1-4614-3640-9 12776:on 1 January 2011 12748:978-0-203-87621-3 12346:on 19 April 2003. 11945:(8000): 698–699. 11864:. 22 October 2016 11843:Weart, S. (2025) 11757:978-0-231-52638-8 11405:Los Angeles Times 11367:978-1-84971-335-1 11194:The Seattle Times 11173:978-0-473-68694-9 10780:. 16 March 2017. 10703:pfluger.house.gov 10198:978-1-351-05212-2 10166:. 2 November 2021 9949:978-1-135-96122-0 9012:Weart, S. (2015) 8975:on 22 August 2011 8943:Weart, S. (2015) 8918:978-0-674-04497-5 8884:Weart, S. (2015) 8030:978-1-59691-610-4 7976:978-1-84977-498-7 7908:978-0-7546-7102-2 7245:978-1-907994-93-7 7107:(6300): 653–654. 7041:978-0-521-70080-1 6784:(December 2006). 6670:Revkin, Andrew C. 6303:. 30 January 2007 6170:Achenbach, Joel. 6083:978-0-19-022862-0 5856:978-93-80302-81-2 5178:978-0-231-52638-8 4803:Harper's Magazine 4796:(December 1995). 4779:978-0-7382-0025-5 4696:Weart, S. (2015) 4649:978-0-231-52638-8 4557:978-1-136-53004-3 4268:978-1-55365-485-8 3909:Ove Hansson, Sven 3836:978-0-231-15718-6 3605:fictional disease 3583:Skeptical Science 3577:Semmelweis reflex 3423:Richard A. Muller 3388:Gregg Easterbrook 3247:Temperature data: 2827:Cloud Peak Energy 2552: 2551: 2544: 2526:, as appropriate. 2330: 2329: 2293:cultural Marxists 2272:, Representative 1993:Conservative and 1701:tobacco lobbyists 1558:Stephen Schneider 1538:James Schlesinger 1486: 1485: 1478: 1390:natural resources 1330:national identity 1049:conspiracy theory 1003:confirmation bias 860:The conservative 526:Logical fallacies 377:urban heat island 188:forms. The terms 16:(Redirected from 20246: 20145:pseudoskepticism 20104: 20103: 20013: 20012: 19947: 19946: 19898: 19897: 19783:Cultural Marxism 19415: 19344: 19343: 19333: 19332: 19133:Killing of Jesus 19081:Committee of 300 19064:Holocaust denial 19017: 19016: 19001:Tartarian Empire 18971: 18962: 18939:CERN ritual hoax 18934:Bhagwa Love Trap 18920: 18919: 18873:origins theories 18758:Anti-vaccination 18739: 18738: 18689:Transvestigation 18601: 18600: 18452: 18451: 18390: 18389: 18350:Body double hoax 18184:Alejandro Castro 18082:Pope John Paul I 18064:Salvador Allende 17998:Benito Mussolini 17950: 17949: 17939: 17938: 17892:Southern England 17850: 17849: 17793:Extraterrestrial 17762: 17761: 17724:Nibiru cataclysm 17705: 17704: 17660:Locus of control 17614:Secret societies 17512: 17511: 17501: 17500: 17477: 17470: 17463: 17454: 17453: 17342: 17341: 17161:MMR autism fraud 17044:On US elections 16978:Operation Toucan 16951: 16950: 16719: 16718: 16708: 16707: 16673:anti-vaccination 16621: 16620: 16568:Holocaust denial 16543:Bermuda Triangle 16529: 16528: 16463: 16462: 16392:black propaganda 16360:Potemkin village 16285:False accusation 16261:list of websites 16160: 16159: 16141: 16134: 16127: 16118: 16117: 16102: 16101: 16090: 16089: 16078: 16077: 16067: 16066: 16065: 16030:Paleoclimatology 15847: 15846: 15836: 15835: 15597:Ecological grief 15580:Climate movement 15555: 15554: 15541: 15540: 15521:Plant-based diet 15412:Renewable energy 15290: 15289: 15277: 15276: 15112:Economic impacts 15039:Invasive species 14895:Coastal flooding 14845: 14844: 14832: 14831: 14768:Svante Arrhenius 14744: 14743: 14714:from agriculture 14704:Carbon footprint 14689:Greenhouse gases 14638: 14637: 14625: 14624: 14577: 14576: 14562: 14555: 14548: 14539: 14538: 14532: 14531: 14529: 14527: 14508: 14502: 14501: 14499: 14497: 14478: 14472: 14471: 14469: 14467: 14456:The Conversation 14447: 14441: 14440: 14438: 14436: 14416: 14410: 14409: 14407: 14405: 14385: 14379: 14378: 14376: 14374: 14363:Inside Higher Ed 14354: 14348: 14347: 14345: 14343: 14323: 14317: 14316: 14314: 14312: 14270: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14259: 14231: 14225: 14224: 14222: 14220: 14198: 14192: 14191: 14189: 14187: 14167: 14161: 14160: 14158: 14156: 14129: 14123: 14122: 14120: 14118: 14103: 14097: 14096: 14094: 14092: 14071: 14062: 14061: 14059: 14057: 14037: 14031: 14030: 14028: 14026: 14015:New Hope Network 14007: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13996: 13976: 13970: 13969: 13967: 13965: 13960:on 10 April 2007 13956:. Archived from 13940: 13934: 13933: 13931: 13929: 13920:. Archived from 13907: 13901: 13900: 13898: 13896: 13876: 13870: 13869: 13859: 13827: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13793: 13787: 13786: 13784: 13782: 13760: 13751: 13745: 13705: 13692: 13686: 13685: 13667: 13657: 13617: 13611: 13609: 13594: 13588: 13587: 13585: 13583: 13565: 13559: 13558: 13546: 13540: 13539: 13525: 13519: 13518: 13516: 13514: 13495:The New Republic 13486: 13480: 13479: 13477: 13475: 13455: 13449: 13448: 13416: 13410: 13409: 13390:10.1002/aps.1638 13369: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13358: 13336: 13330: 13329: 13327: 13325: 13303: 13297: 13296: 13254: 13248: 13247: 13245: 13239:. Archived from 13214: 13205: 13199: 13198: 13181: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13170: 13114: 13108: 13107: 13088: 13082: 13081: 13065: 13056: 13055: 13038: 13022: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13006: 12995: 12989: 12988: 12986: 12984: 12956: 12950: 12949: 12947: 12945: 12926: 12920: 12919: 12917: 12915: 12887: 12881: 12880: 12878: 12876: 12857: 12851: 12850: 12848: 12846: 12831: 12825: 12824: 12822: 12820: 12792: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12781: 12772:. Archived from 12759: 12753: 12752: 12734: 12728: 12727: 12717: 12693: 12687: 12686: 12684: 12682: 12659: 12653: 12652: 12650: 12648: 12623: 12617: 12616: 12614: 12612: 12587: 12581: 12580: 12542: 12536: 12535: 12533: 12531: 12522:. Archived from 12520:Associated Press 12507: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12496: 12480: 12472: 12466: 12465: 12463: 12461: 12444: 12438: 12437: 12435: 12433: 12416: 12410: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12385: 12379: 12378: 12376: 12374: 12354: 12348: 12347: 12336: 12330: 12329: 12322: 12316: 12315: 12313: 12311: 12296: 12290: 12289: 12287: 12285: 12279:Canvassing Works 12271: 12265: 12264: 12262: 12260: 12240: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12229: 12214: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12203: 12188: 12182: 12181: 12171: 12161: 12131: 12125: 12124: 12092: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12074: 12058: 12052: 12051: 12039: 12033: 12032: 12016: 12010: 12009: 11993: 11987: 11986: 11934: 11928: 11927: 11925: 11923: 11914:. Archived from 11908: 11902: 11901: 11894: 11888: 11887: 11880: 11874: 11873: 11871: 11869: 11854: 11848: 11841: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11830: 11812: 11806: 11805: 11799: 11791: 11785: 11783: 11768: 11762: 11761: 11743: 11737: 11736: 11734: 11732: 11718: 11712: 11711: 11671: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11642: 11610: 11604: 11603: 11601: 11599: 11583: 11577: 11576: 11574: 11572: 11552: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11495: 11489: 11488:. 23 April 2009. 11471: 11465: 11464: 11446: 11414: 11408: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11381: 11379: 11351: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11340: 11320: 11314: 11313: 11303: 11271: 11265: 11264: 11262: 11260: 11245: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11234: 11217: 11211: 11210: 11208: 11206: 11201:on June 18, 2008 11197:. Archived from 11184: 11178: 11177: 11157: 11148: 11147: 11135: 11129: 11127: 11112: 11106: 11105: 11098:Business Insider 11089: 11069: 11060: 11059: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11012: 11006: 11005: 11003: 11001: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10962: 10946: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10935: 10915: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10884: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10873: 10858: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10847: 10835: 10829: 10824: 10822: 10820: 10800: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10789: 10770: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10759: 10739: 10733: 10732: 10720: 10711: 10710: 10694: 10688: 10686: 10670: 10659: 10658: 10642: 10636: 10635: 10624: 10618: 10617: 10601: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10568: 10562: 10561: 10559: 10557: 10546:Climate Feedback 10542:Science Feedback 10533: 10527: 10526: 10524: 10522: 10502: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10491: 10471: 10465: 10464: 10462: 10460: 10440: 10434: 10433: 10431: 10429: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10364: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10337: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10298: 10292: 10291: 10289: 10287: 10270: 10264: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10244: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10216: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10182: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10156: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10095: 10089: 10088: 10086: 10084: 10056: 10050: 10049: 10011: 10005: 10004: 10002: 10000: 9972: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9961: 9933: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9847: 9841: 9840: 9824: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9791: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9760: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9736:Seitter, Keith. 9733: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9713:. 19 June 2017. 9697: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9666: 9660: 9643: 9637: 9636: 9617: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9603: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9510: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9499: 9477: 9471: 9470: 9441: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9405: 9399: 9398: 9396: 9394: 9362: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9336: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9300: 9294: 9293: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9232: 9226: 9225: 9223: 9221: 9201: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9190: 9165: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9114: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9083: 9077: 9076: 9075:on 10 June 2015. 9074: 9068:. Archived from 9035: 9026: 9017: 9010: 9004: 9003: 8991: 8985: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8974: 8968:. Archived from 8963: 8954: 8948: 8941: 8935: 8934: 8932: 8930: 8902: 8889: 8882: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8856: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8825: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8800:The Conversation 8791: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8774: 8765: 8759: 8758: 8730: 8721: 8720: 8710: 8674: 8661: 8660: 8634: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8574: 8568: 8567: 8555: 8544: 8543: 8526:(4): 1163–1172. 8515: 8506: 8505: 8487: 8455: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8435:The Conversation 8426: 8420: 8419: 8409: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8351:10.1037/a0023566 8334: 8325: 8323: 8308: 8299: 8298: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8253: 8242: 8241: 8233: 8224: 8223: 8211: 8202: 8201: 8185: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8152: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8132:. Archived from 8122: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8095: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8065: 8059: 8058: 8046: 8035: 8034: 8022: 8012: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7957: 7948: 7947: 7919: 7913: 7912: 7894: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7875: 7851: 7842: 7841: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7812: 7799: 7790: 7784: 7783: 7776:Psychology Today 7767: 7761: 7760: 7733:10.1037/a0023566 7716: 7710: 7709: 7699: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7639: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7618:on 28 March 2007 7614:. Archived from 7608: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7592:on 28 March 2007 7588:. Archived from 7582: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7571: 7556: 7550: 7549: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7457: 7442: 7441: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7329: 7311: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7208: 7184: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7170: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7070: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7050: 7044:. Archived from 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6998: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6962:. Archived from 6956: 6950: 6949: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6916: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6837: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6817: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6649: 6638: 6630: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6613: 6607:. Archived from 6598: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6569:. Archived from 6558: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6538:. Archived from 6528: 6522: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6504: 6497:The Conversation 6490:(25 July 2012). 6484: 6475: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6435: 6428: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6396: 6390: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6308: 6297: 6291: 6290: 6289:on 8 March 2007. 6285:. Archived from 6274: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6260: 6255:on 10 March 2007 6245: 6239: 6238: 6228: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6097: 6088: 6087: 6057: 6051: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6035:The New Republic 6027: 6021: 6020: 6015:. Archived from 6009: 6003: 6002: 5997:. Archived from 5991: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5971:. Archived from 5961: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5923: 5917: 5911:. Archived from 5910: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5842: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5796:. Archived from 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5759: 5753: 5752: 5741:10.1002/wea.2072 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5660: 5654: 5653: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5593: 5561: 5552: 5551: 5541: 5509: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5457: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5435: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5362: 5351: 5349: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5303: 5294: 5293: 5283: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5159: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5113: 5104: 5090: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5009: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4969:Associated Press 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4938:Washington, D.C. 4926: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4806:. Archived from 4790: 4784: 4783: 4763: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4738: 4729: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4705:. Archived from 4694: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4663: 4654: 4653: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4618: 4600: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4515: 4492: 4474:Brown, Michael. 4472: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4442: 4436: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4350: 4341: 4340: 4330: 4300: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4252: 4246: 4245: 4235: 4203: 4176: 4170: 4165:. Archived from 4149: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4085: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4050: 4017: 4011: 4010: 3962: 3945: 3944: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3858: 3841: 3840: 3820: 3811: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3786: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3746: 3737: 3736: 3696: 3685: 3684: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3631: 3611:Before the Flood 3573: 3538:Climate movement 3520: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3315:Republican party 3310: 3297: 3267: 3243: 3225:Steven E. Koonin 3141: 3128: 3095: 3079: 2939:editor-in-chief 2895:closed in 2002. 2889:Southern Company 2881:Daimler-Chrysler 2748:The Carbon Brief 2697:tobacco industry 2629:Southern Company 2572:reasonable doubt 2547: 2540: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2499: 2498: 2491: 2410:Sherwood B. Idso 2321: 2300: 2222: 2212: 2210: 2134:is developing a 2085:The Patriot Post 1969: 1966:Stefan Rahmstorf 1959: 1939: 1799: 1779: 1757:Republican Party 1753:Democratic Party 1727:, primarily the 1712:secondhand smoke 1660: 1523: 1509: 1506: 1481: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1461: 1437: 1436: 1429: 1374:Republican Party 1370:Democratic Party 1334:renewable energy 1135:renewable energy 1124:world government 936: 923: 887: 763:documentary film 671:Hudson Institute 575: 557: 472: 464: 460: 404:consensus denial 349:Stefan Rahmstorf 190:climate skeptics 186:pseudoscientific 159:tobacco industry 81:caused by humans 60:climate change. 21: 20254: 20253: 20249: 20248: 20247: 20245: 20244: 20243: 20214: 20213: 20212: 20203: 20135:Conspirituality 20109: 20090: 20054: 20045:Strawman theory 20011: 19952: 19929: 19896: 19857:Saddam–al-Qaeda 19833:Project Azorian 19813:Montauk Project 19715: 19699:Elm Guest House 19660:Roman Republic 19614: 19603:Sèvres syndrome 19567: 19526: 19473: 19442:Leuchter report 19414: 19408: 19338: 19319: 19260: 19257:Genocide denial 19251: 19203: 19157: 19143:New World Order 19015: 18967: 18956: 18925: 18910: 18780:in chiropractic 18744: 18729: 18696:Finger pinching 18684:litter box hoax 18650:HIV/AIDS stigma 18606: 18591: 18568:London bombings 18460: 18442: 18397: 18396: 18376: 18345: 18310: 18254:Lost Cosmonauts 18207: 18190:Jeffrey Epstein 18166:Osama bin Laden 18142:Alois Estermann 18028:John F. Kennedy 17974:Louis Le Prince 17957: 17944: 17921: 17848: 17774:Alien abduction 17760: 17719:2012 phenomenon 17710: 17691: 17623: 17506: 17495: 17486: 17481: 17451: 17442: 17347: 17328: 17307: 17295: 17180: 17176:Zinoviev letter 17126: 17100: 17084: 17008:Post-Soviet era 17002: 16963:Active Measures 16946: 16937: 16906: 16894: 16882: 16870: 16858: 16827: 16801: 16789: 16729: 16727:Jihadunspun.com 16713: 16694: 16619: 16595:New World Order 16563:Genocide denial 16534: 16519: 16468: 16453: 16375:Memetic warfare 16165: 16154: 16145: 16115: 16110: 16063: 16061: 16044: 15991: 15982:Orbital forcing 15876: 15841: 15822: 15796:Paris Agreement 15774: 15770:Warming stripes 15709: 15675:Managed retreat 15670:Loss and damage 15631: 15565:Business action 15549: 15527: 15504: 15427: 15421: 15378: 15339:Climate finance 15284: 15263: 15195: 15053: 15029:Extinction risk 15005:Flora and fauna 15000: 14961:Permafrost thaw 14956:Ozone depletion 14885:Extreme weather 14839: 14822: 14749: 14730: 14667: 14632: 14615: 14582: 14571: 14566: 14536: 14535: 14525: 14523: 14509: 14505: 14495: 14493: 14480: 14479: 14475: 14465: 14463: 14448: 14444: 14434: 14432: 14417: 14413: 14403: 14401: 14386: 14382: 14372: 14370: 14355: 14351: 14341: 14339: 14324: 14320: 14310: 14308: 14301: 14271: 14267: 14257: 14255: 14232: 14228: 14218: 14216: 14199: 14195: 14185: 14183: 14168: 14164: 14154: 14152: 14139:. 23 May 2017. 14131: 14130: 14126: 14116: 14114: 14104: 14100: 14090: 14088: 14073: 14072: 14065: 14055: 14053: 14038: 14034: 14024: 14022: 14009: 14008: 14004: 13994: 13992: 13977: 13973: 13963: 13961: 13941: 13937: 13927: 13925: 13908: 13904: 13894: 13892: 13877: 13873: 13828: 13824: 13814: 13812: 13794: 13790: 13780: 13778: 13770:The Irish Times 13761: 13754: 13714:Climatic Change 13693: 13689: 13670:— Explained by 13669: 13618: 13614: 13596: 13595: 13591: 13581: 13579: 13566: 13562: 13547: 13543: 13526: 13522: 13512: 13510: 13487: 13483: 13473: 13471: 13456: 13452: 13417: 13413: 13370: 13366: 13356: 13354: 13337: 13333: 13323: 13321: 13304: 13300: 13255: 13251: 13243: 13212: 13206: 13202: 13185:Morrison, David 13182: 13178: 13168: 13166: 13115: 13111: 13097:pewresearch.org 13089: 13085: 13066: 13059: 13042: 13040: 13025: 13023: 13019: 13011: 13004: 12996: 12992: 12982: 12980: 12957: 12953: 12943: 12941: 12927: 12923: 12913: 12911: 12888: 12884: 12874: 12872: 12859: 12858: 12854: 12844: 12842: 12833: 12832: 12828: 12818: 12816: 12809: 12793: 12789: 12779: 12777: 12760: 12756: 12749: 12735: 12731: 12694: 12690: 12680: 12678: 12660: 12656: 12646: 12644: 12625: 12624: 12620: 12610: 12608: 12588: 12584: 12548:Climatic Change 12543: 12539: 12529: 12527: 12526:on 3 March 2007 12508: 12504: 12494: 12492: 12473: 12469: 12459: 12457: 12454:Washington Post 12445: 12441: 12431: 12429: 12417: 12413: 12403: 12401: 12386: 12382: 12372: 12370: 12355: 12351: 12338: 12337: 12333: 12324: 12323: 12319: 12309: 12307: 12297: 12293: 12283: 12281: 12273: 12272: 12268: 12258: 12256: 12241: 12237: 12227: 12225: 12216: 12215: 12211: 12201: 12199: 12194:. 16 May 2019. 12190: 12189: 12185: 12132: 12128: 12093: 12082: 12072: 12070: 12059: 12055: 12040: 12036: 12017: 12013: 11995: 11994: 11990: 11935: 11931: 11921: 11919: 11910: 11909: 11905: 11896: 11895: 11891: 11882: 11881: 11877: 11867: 11865: 11856: 11855: 11851: 11842: 11838: 11828: 11826: 11813: 11809: 11793: 11792: 11781: 11779: 11769: 11765: 11758: 11744: 11740: 11730: 11728: 11720: 11719: 11715: 11672: 11665: 11611: 11607: 11597: 11595: 11584: 11580: 11570: 11568: 11553: 11549: 11539: 11537: 11528: 11527: 11523: 11513: 11511: 11496: 11492: 11482:Wayback Machine 11472: 11468: 11415: 11411: 11401:Wayback Machine 11391: 11387: 11377: 11375: 11368: 11352: 11348: 11338: 11336: 11321: 11317: 11272: 11268: 11258: 11256: 11246: 11242: 11232: 11230: 11227:The Denver Post 11218: 11214: 11204: 11202: 11185: 11181: 11174: 11158: 11151: 11136: 11132: 11114: 11113: 11109: 11070: 11063: 11044: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11013: 11009: 10999: 10997: 10974: 10970: 10960: 10958: 10947: 10943: 10933: 10931: 10916: 10912: 10902: 10900: 10893:Huffington Post 10885: 10881: 10871: 10869: 10859: 10855: 10845: 10843: 10836: 10832: 10818: 10816: 10801: 10797: 10787: 10785: 10772: 10771: 10767: 10757: 10755: 10740: 10736: 10721: 10714: 10695: 10691: 10671: 10662: 10643: 10639: 10626: 10625: 10621: 10602: 10595: 10585: 10583: 10570: 10569: 10565: 10555: 10553: 10534: 10530: 10520: 10518: 10503: 10499: 10489: 10487: 10472: 10468: 10458: 10456: 10441: 10437: 10427: 10425: 10410: 10406: 10365: 10361: 10351: 10349: 10330: 10326: 10319: 10299: 10295: 10285: 10283: 10271: 10267: 10257: 10255: 10245: 10241: 10231: 10229: 10217: 10213: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10183: 10179: 10169: 10167: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10143: 10141: 10129: 10125: 10115: 10113: 10096: 10092: 10082: 10080: 10057: 10053: 10017:Climatic Change 10012: 10008: 9998: 9996: 9973: 9969: 9959: 9957: 9950: 9934: 9930: 9920: 9918: 9903: 9902: 9898: 9888: 9886: 9871: 9867: 9848: 9844: 9825: 9818: 9808: 9806: 9793: 9792: 9788: 9778: 9776: 9761: 9757: 9747: 9745: 9734: 9730: 9720: 9718: 9704: 9699: 9698: 9694: 9684: 9682: 9667: 9663: 9653:Wayback Machine 9644: 9640: 9618: 9611: 9601: 9599: 9586:(8 June 2005). 9581: 9577: 9567: 9565: 9548: 9544: 9534: 9532: 9520:Tampa Bay Times 9511: 9507: 9497: 9495: 9478: 9474: 9447:(12 May 2014). 9445:Matthews, Chris 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9406: 9402: 9392: 9390: 9369:(3 June 2017). 9363: 9359: 9349: 9347: 9338: 9337: 9333: 9323: 9321: 9304:Chait, Jonathan 9301: 9297: 9256: 9252: 9233: 9229: 9219: 9217: 9210:The Independent 9202: 9198: 9188: 9186: 9169:Monbiot, George 9166: 9157: 9147: 9145: 9130: 9126: 9115: 9111: 9101: 9099: 9084: 9080: 9072: 9033: 9027: 9020: 9011: 9007: 8992: 8988: 8978: 8976: 8972: 8961: 8955: 8951: 8942: 8938: 8928: 8926: 8919: 8903: 8892: 8883: 8879: 8869: 8867: 8857: 8853: 8843: 8841: 8834:Huffington Post 8826: 8819: 8809: 8807: 8792: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8772: 8766: 8762: 8731: 8724: 8675: 8664: 8632: 8626: 8622: 8575: 8571: 8556: 8547: 8516: 8509: 8456: 8449: 8439: 8437: 8427: 8423: 8386: 8382: 8335: 8328: 8316:PewResearch.org 8310: 8309: 8302: 8293:. Gallup, Inc. 8287: 8283: 8268:(6): e0000146. 8254: 8245: 8234: 8227: 8212: 8205: 8186: 8179: 8169: 8167: 8160:Niskanen Center 8154: 8153: 8149: 8139: 8137: 8136:on 7 April 2017 8123: 8119: 8109: 8107: 8096: 8092: 8082: 8080: 8067: 8066: 8062: 8047: 8038: 8031: 8013: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7977: 7961:Hamilton, Clive 7958: 7951: 7920: 7916: 7909: 7895: 7891: 7852: 7845: 7830: 7826: 7816: 7814: 7810: 7797: 7791: 7787: 7768: 7764: 7717: 7713: 7668: 7664: 7654: 7652: 7640: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7610: 7609: 7605: 7595: 7593: 7584: 7583: 7579: 7569: 7567: 7557: 7553: 7512: 7508: 7498: 7496: 7458: 7445: 7402: 7398: 7347: 7343: 7288: 7284: 7261: 7257: 7246: 7226: 7222: 7185: 7178: 7168: 7166: 7156: 7152: 7093: 7089: 7072: 7071: 7064: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7042: 7010: 7006: 6996: 6994: 6976: 6975: 6971: 6958: 6957: 6953: 6934: 6930: 6877: 6873: 6838: 6834: 6826: 6815: 6811: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6782:Monbiot, George 6779: 6775: 6765: 6763: 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6726: 6722: 6712: 6710: 6697: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6672:(3 June 2002). 6667: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6647: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6596: 6590: 6586: 6576: 6574: 6559: 6555: 6545: 6543: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6516: 6512: 6502: 6500: 6485: 6478: 6453: 6449: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6426: 6420: 6416: 6406: 6404: 6397: 6393: 6375:Wayback Machine 6357: 6353: 6343: 6341: 6335: 6331: 6320: 6316: 6306: 6304: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6275: 6268: 6258: 6256: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6194: 6190: 6180: 6178: 6168: 6164: 6154: 6152: 6142: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6098: 6091: 6084: 6058: 6054: 6046: 6042: 6029: 6028: 6024: 6011: 6010: 6006: 5993: 5992: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5963: 5962: 5958: 5948: 5946: 5935: 5931: 5921: 5919: 5915: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5886:on 26 June 2006 5876: 5872: 5857: 5843: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5812:Monbiot, George 5809: 5805: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5769:on 14 July 2010 5761: 5760: 5756: 5713: 5709: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5661: 5657: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5611: 5607: 5562: 5555: 5510: 5503: 5493: 5491: 5458: 5451: 5404: 5400: 5363: 5354: 5336: 5335: 5331: 5321: 5319: 5304: 5297: 5250: 5246: 5225: 5221: 5202: 5198: 5188: 5186: 5179: 5163:Michael E. Mann 5160: 5153: 5114: 5107: 5101:Wayback Machine 5091: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5038: 5021: 5017: 5007: 5005: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4928: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4894: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4810:on 7 March 2016 4791: 4787: 4780: 4764: 4755: 4747: 4736: 4730: 4723: 4712: 4710: 4697: 4695: 4691: 4681: 4679: 4664: 4657: 4650: 4636: 4632: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4516: 4495: 4483:Wayback Machine 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4430:Wayback Machine 4421: 4417: 4407: 4405: 4388: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4351: 4344: 4301: 4297: 4278: 4276: 4269: 4253: 4249: 4204: 4179: 4150: 4127: 4117: 4115: 4105: 4101: 4086: 4079: 4069: 4067: 4018: 4014: 3963: 3948: 3906: 3902: 3859: 3844: 3837: 3821: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3787: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3747: 3740: 3697: 3688: 3669: 3665: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3571: 3516: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3493: 3487: 3470: 3454: 3413:coral bleaching 3399:Dmitri Medvedev 3378:Michael Shermer 3372:Niskanen Center 3338: 3322: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3311: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3287: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3244: 3233: 3185: 3154:Climate Central 3149: 3148: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3142: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3118: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3103: 3096: 3088: 3087: 3080: 3066:Michael E. Mann 3007: 2994: 2972: 2812: 2769:Michael E. Mann 2765: 2760: 2759: 2756:Koch industries 2652: 2644: 2606: 2596: 2548: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2513: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2455:Oregon Petition 2447:Frederick Seitz 2428:William M. Gray 2423: 2392:Roger Pielke Jr 2372:Richard Lindzen 2363:Kevin Trenberth 2359: 2343: 2341: 2336: 2311: 2258:Jim Bridenstine 2236:Paris agreement 2224: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2208: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2195: 2160:human emissions 2128: 2092:The Rebel Media 2081:RT (TV network) 2027: 1976: 1971: 1963: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1925: 1923:Denial networks 1917:Washington Post 1912:Vivek Ramaswamy 1797: 1781: 1777: 1775: 1768: 1745: 1678: 1672: 1658: 1551: 1525: 1513: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1482: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1451: 1438: 1434: 1427: 1362: 1306: 1274: 1260: 1248:ozone depletion 1237:passive smoking 1229:ozone depletion 1225: 1220: 1202: 1201: 1198:extreme weather 1163: 1155: 1145: 1120:William M. Gray 1096:New World Order 1037: 1031: 1023:economic growth 956: 955: 954: 953: 952: 937: 929: 928: 924: 913: 903: 885: 871: 858: 828:Daniel Sarewitz 803: 734: 692:Frederick Seitz 685: 679: 667:Dennis T. Avery 659: 653:warming trend. 646: 640: 607: 603: 598: 593: 587: 586: 585: 584: 583: 576: 567: 566: 565: 558: 535: 502:the same people 473:, upper right). 470: 462: 459:Blue trendlines 458: 427: 417:Michael E. Mann 413:James L. Powell 392: 388: 337: 325:implicit denial 321:explicit denial 319:In addition to 171: 71:) is a form of 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20252: 20242: 20241: 20236: 20231: 20226: 20209: 20208: 20205: 20204: 20202: 20201: 20196: 20191: 20189:Radicalization 20186: 20185: 20184: 20174: 20169: 20164: 20159: 20157:Fringe science 20154: 20152:Falsifiability 20149: 20148: 20147: 20137: 20132: 20127: 20120: 20114: 20111: 20110: 20100: 20099: 20096: 20095: 20092: 20091: 20089: 20088: 20083: 20078: 20073: 20068: 20062: 20060: 20056: 20055: 20053: 20052: 20050:Tax protesters 20047: 20042: 20037: 20032: 20027: 20021: 20019: 20010: 20009: 20004: 20003: 20002: 19997: 19992: 19982: 19980:New chronology 19973: 19968: 19963: 19957: 19954: 19953: 19943: 19942: 19939: 19938: 19935: 19934: 19931: 19930: 19928: 19927: 19925:Stop the Steal 19922: 19917: 19912: 19906: 19904: 19895: 19894: 19893: 19892: 19880: 19875: 19870: 19865: 19859: 19854: 19853: 19852: 19845: 19835: 19830: 19825: 19820: 19815: 19810: 19805: 19800: 19795: 19790: 19785: 19780: 19775: 19770: 19765: 19760: 19755: 19754: 19753: 19744: 19739: 19734: 19725: 19723: 19717: 19716: 19714: 19713: 19712: 19711: 19706: 19701: 19696: 19688: 19687: 19686: 19678: 19677: 19676: 19668: 19667: 19666: 19658: 19657: 19656: 19648: 19647: 19646: 19638: 19637: 19636: 19628: 19622: 19620: 19619:Other European 19616: 19615: 19613: 19612: 19605: 19600: 19595: 19594: 19593: 19588: 19577: 19575: 19569: 19568: 19566: 19565: 19560: 19555: 19550: 19548:Golden billion 19545: 19540: 19538:Alaska payment 19534: 19532: 19528: 19527: 19525: 19524: 19523: 19522: 19514: 19513: 19512: 19504: 19499: 19498: 19497: 19492: 19481: 19479: 19475: 19474: 19472: 19471: 19470: 19469: 19464: 19456: 19455: 19454: 19446: 19445: 19444: 19439: 19431: 19430: 19429: 19420: 19418: 19410: 19409: 19407: 19406: 19405: 19404: 19396: 19395: 19394: 19386: 19385: 19384: 19376: 19375: 19374: 19366: 19365: 19364: 19359: 19350: 19348: 19340: 19339: 19329: 19328: 19325: 19324: 19321: 19320: 19318: 19317: 19312: 19307: 19302: 19297: 19292: 19287: 19282: 19277: 19272: 19266: 19264: 19253: 19252: 19250: 19249: 19244: 19239: 19234: 19229: 19224: 19219: 19213: 19211: 19205: 19204: 19202: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19190: 19189: 19184: 19179: 19168: 19166: 19164:Anti-Christian 19159: 19158: 19156: 19155: 19150: 19145: 19140: 19135: 19130: 19125: 19124: 19123: 19118: 19113: 19106: 19101: 19100: 19099: 19083: 19073: 19072: 19071: 19069:Trivialization 19061: 19056: 19051: 19046: 19041: 19036: 19031: 19025: 19023: 19014: 19013: 19011:White genocide 19008: 19003: 18998: 18997: 18996: 18991: 18983: 18981:Priory of Sion 18978: 18973: 18965: 18964: 18963: 18946: 18941: 18936: 18930: 18927: 18926: 18916: 18915: 18912: 18911: 18909: 18908: 18903: 18898: 18892: 18887: 18882: 18881: 18880: 18875: 18865: 18860: 18855: 18850: 18845: 18844: 18843: 18829: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18804: 18799: 18794: 18789: 18788: 18787: 18785:misinformation 18782: 18777: 18776: 18775: 18770: 18755: 18749: 18746: 18745: 18735: 18734: 18731: 18730: 18728: 18727: 18722: 18717: 18708: 18703: 18698: 18693: 18692: 18691: 18686: 18681: 18676: 18671: 18670: 18669: 18667:Lavender scare 18659: 18658: 18657: 18647: 18645:gay Nazis myth 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18617: 18611: 18608: 18607: 18597: 18596: 18593: 18592: 18590: 18589: 18583: 18577: 18571: 18565: 18559: 18558: 18557: 18552: 18541: 18535: 18529: 18523: 18520:KAL Flight 007 18517: 18511: 18505: 18496: 18490: 18487:Reichstag fire 18484: 18475: 18465: 18462: 18461: 18448: 18447: 18444: 18443: 18441: 18440: 18435: 18430: 18425: 18424: 18423: 18421:false theories 18413: 18408: 18402: 18399: 18398: 18394: 18386: 18385: 18382: 18381: 18378: 18377: 18375: 18374: 18369: 18367:Vladimir Putin 18364: 18359: 18357:Paul McCartney 18353: 18351: 18347: 18346: 18344: 18343: 18337: 18331: 18325: 18318: 18316: 18312: 18311: 18309: 18308: 18302: 18296: 18293:TWA Flight 800 18290: 18281: 18275: 18269: 18263: 18260:JAT Flight 367 18257: 18251: 18245: 18242:Lynmouth Flood 18239: 18233: 18224: 18215: 18213: 18209: 18208: 18206: 18205: 18199: 18193: 18187: 18181: 18175: 18169: 18163: 18160:Benazir Bhutto 18157: 18151: 18145: 18139: 18133: 18127: 18121: 18115: 18109: 18103: 18097: 18091: 18085: 18079: 18076:Renny Ottolina 18073: 18067: 18061: 18055: 18049: 18043: 18037: 18031: 18025: 18022:Marilyn Monroe 18019: 18013: 18007: 18001: 17995: 17989: 17983: 17980:Lord Kitchener 17977: 17971: 17968:Zachary Taylor 17964: 17962: 17946: 17945: 17935: 17934: 17931: 17930: 17927: 17926: 17923: 17922: 17920: 17919: 17913: 17907: 17901: 17895: 17889: 17883: 17877: 17871: 17865: 17858: 17856: 17847: 17846: 17841: 17840: 17839: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17812: 17804: 17799: 17786: 17781: 17776: 17770: 17768: 17759: 17758: 17753: 17748: 17743: 17738: 17733: 17728: 17727: 17726: 17715: 17712: 17711: 17701: 17700: 17697: 17696: 17693: 17692: 17690: 17689: 17684: 17679: 17678: 17677: 17667: 17662: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17631: 17629: 17625: 17624: 17622: 17621: 17616: 17611: 17606: 17601: 17596: 17594:Hidden message 17591: 17586: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17548: 17547: 17546: 17541: 17538:éminence grise 17534: 17524: 17518: 17516: 17508: 17507: 17497: 17496: 17491: 17488: 17487: 17480: 17479: 17472: 17465: 17457: 17448: 17447: 17444: 17443: 17441: 17440: 17435: 17430: 17425: 17420: 17415: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17364: 17363: 17352: 17349: 17348: 17338: 17337: 17334: 17333: 17330: 17329: 17327: 17326: 17321: 17315: 17313: 17309: 17308: 17303: 17301: 17297: 17296: 17294: 17293: 17288: 17283: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17258: 17256:Habbush letter 17253: 17248: 17243: 17242: 17241: 17231: 17226: 17225: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17199: 17194: 17188: 17186: 17182: 17181: 17179: 17178: 17173: 17168: 17163: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17138:Bell Pottinger 17134: 17132: 17131:United Kingdom 17128: 17127: 17125: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17108: 17106: 17102: 17101: 17096: 17094: 17090: 17089: 17086: 17085: 17083: 17082: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17061: 17060: 17055: 17050: 17042: 17041: 17040: 17030: 17029: 17028: 17023: 17012: 17010: 17004: 17003: 17001: 17000: 16995: 16990: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16970: 16965: 16959: 16957: 16948: 16939: 16938: 16936: 16935: 16930: 16925: 16914: 16912: 16908: 16907: 16902: 16900: 16896: 16895: 16890: 16888: 16884: 16883: 16878: 16876: 16872: 16871: 16866: 16864: 16860: 16859: 16857: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16835: 16833: 16829: 16828: 16826: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16809: 16807: 16803: 16802: 16797: 16795: 16794:Czechoslovakia 16791: 16790: 16788: 16787: 16780: 16775: 16774: 16773: 16768: 16766:PLA Unit 61398 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16737: 16735: 16731: 16730: 16725: 16723: 16715: 16714: 16704: 16703: 16700: 16699: 16696: 16695: 16693: 16692: 16687: 16686: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16645: 16644: 16643: 16641:by governments 16633: 16627: 16625: 16618: 16617: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16597: 16592: 16587: 16582: 16577: 16572: 16571: 16570: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16539: 16536: 16535: 16525: 16524: 16521: 16520: 16518: 16517: 16510: 16503: 16496: 16489: 16482: 16478:Disinformation 16473: 16470: 16469: 16459: 16458: 16455: 16454: 16452: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16405: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16384: 16383: 16382: 16377: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16352: 16347: 16342: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16322: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16281: 16280: 16270: 16269: 16268: 16263: 16258: 16248: 16243: 16238: 16233: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16208: 16207: 16206: 16199:Cognitive bias 16196: 16191: 16189:Cherry picking 16186: 16181: 16176: 16170: 16167: 16166: 16156: 16155: 16152:misinformation 16148:Disinformation 16144: 16143: 16136: 16129: 16121: 16112: 16111: 16109: 16108: 16096: 16084: 16072: 16057: 16054: 16053: 16050: 16049: 16046: 16045: 16043: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16027: 16026: 16025: 16015: 16010: 16005: 15999: 15997: 15993: 15992: 15990: 15989: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15948: 15947: 15937: 15935:Cloud feedback 15932: 15927: 15922: 15917: 15916: 15915: 15910: 15905: 15900: 15890: 15884: 15882: 15878: 15877: 15875: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15853: 15851: 15843: 15842: 15832: 15831: 15828: 15827: 15824: 15823: 15821: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15809: 15808: 15803: 15793: 15791:Kyoto Protocol 15788: 15782: 15780: 15776: 15775: 15773: 15772: 15767: 15766: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15745: 15743:Media coverage 15740: 15735: 15733:Climate spiral 15730: 15725: 15719: 15717: 15711: 15710: 15708: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15647: 15641: 15639: 15633: 15632: 15630: 15629: 15624: 15622:Public opinion 15619: 15614: 15609: 15604: 15599: 15594: 15589: 15588: 15587: 15577: 15572: 15570:Climate action 15567: 15561: 15559: 15551: 15550: 15537: 15536: 15533: 15532: 15529: 15528: 15526: 15525: 15524: 15523: 15512: 15510: 15506: 15505: 15503: 15502: 15497: 15491: 15490: 15489: 15484: 15482:REDD and REDD+ 15479: 15474: 15466: 15461: 15459:Carbon farming 15456: 15455: 15454: 15449: 15439: 15433: 15431: 15423: 15422: 15420: 15419: 15414: 15409: 15404: 15403: 15402: 15392: 15386: 15384: 15380: 15379: 15377: 15376: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15341: 15336: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15320: 15319: 15309: 15304: 15298: 15296: 15286: 15285: 15273: 15272: 15269: 15268: 15265: 15264: 15262: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15216: 15211: 15205: 15203: 15197: 15196: 15194: 15193: 15191:Water security 15188: 15186:Water scarcity 15183: 15181:Urban flooding 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15142: 15141: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15120: 15119: 15109: 15104: 15099: 15094: 15089: 15084: 15079: 15078: 15077: 15072: 15061: 15059: 15055: 15054: 15052: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15034:Forest dieback 15031: 15026: 15021: 15020: 15019: 15008: 15006: 15002: 15001: 14999: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14983: 14978: 14973: 14971:Sea level rise 14968: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14952: 14951: 14946: 14944:stratification 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14916: 14915: 14914: 14909: 14899: 14898: 14897: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14851: 14849: 14841: 14840: 14828: 14827: 14824: 14823: 14821: 14820: 14819: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14765: 14760: 14754: 14751: 14750: 14740: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14732: 14731: 14729: 14728: 14723: 14722: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14709:Carbon leakage 14706: 14701: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14675: 14673: 14669: 14668: 14666: 14665: 14660: 14650: 14648:Climate system 14644: 14642: 14634: 14633: 14621: 14620: 14617: 14616: 14614: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14587: 14584: 14583: 14573: 14572: 14569:Climate change 14565: 14564: 14557: 14550: 14542: 14534: 14533: 14514:(9 May 2013). 14503: 14473: 14442: 14411: 14380: 14349: 14318: 14299: 14265: 14226: 14193: 14162: 14124: 14098: 14063: 14032: 14002: 13971: 13944:Bailey, Ronald 13935: 13902: 13885:Outside Online 13871: 13822: 13788: 13763:Sharry, John. 13752: 13687: 13612: 13589: 13560: 13541: 13520: 13481: 13450: 13411: 13384:(4): 282–295. 13364: 13331: 13298: 13271:(10): 74–105. 13249: 13223:(2): 125–136. 13200: 13176: 13129:(6): 596–603. 13109: 13083: 13057: 13017: 12990: 12951: 12930:Boslough, Mark 12921: 12882: 12852: 12826: 12807: 12787: 12769:Financial Post 12754: 12747: 12729: 12688: 12654: 12618: 12582: 12555:(4): 681–694. 12537: 12502: 12467: 12439: 12411: 12380: 12349: 12331: 12317: 12291: 12266: 12235: 12209: 12183: 12126: 12107:(4): 338–352. 12080: 12053: 12034: 12011: 11988: 11929: 11903: 11889: 11886:. 10 May 2011. 11875: 11849: 11836: 11807: 11763: 11756: 11738: 11726:www.ucsusa.org 11713: 11680:Climate Policy 11663: 11625:(4): 555–575. 11605: 11578: 11547: 11521: 11490: 11466: 11409: 11385: 11366: 11346: 11315: 11266: 11240: 11212: 11179: 11172: 11149: 11130: 11107: 11061: 11054:) – via 11038: 11021:Science | AAAS 11007: 10968: 10941: 10910: 10879: 10853: 10842:. Mother Jones 10830: 10795: 10765: 10734: 10712: 10689: 10660: 10637: 10619: 10593: 10563: 10528: 10497: 10466: 10435: 10404: 10377:(4): 370–374. 10359: 10341:Bloomberg News 10324: 10317: 10293: 10265: 10239: 10226:Financial Post 10211: 10197: 10177: 10151: 10123: 10090: 10051: 10024:(4): 681–694. 10006: 9967: 9948: 9928: 9896: 9865: 9842: 9816: 9786: 9755: 9728: 9702: 9692: 9661: 9638: 9609: 9584:Revkin, Andrew 9575: 9542: 9505: 9472: 9436: 9409:Warner, Judith 9400: 9357: 9331: 9295: 9268:(4): 538–561. 9250: 9227: 9196: 9155: 9124: 9109: 9078: 9018: 9005: 8986: 8949: 8936: 8917: 8890: 8877: 8851: 8817: 8786: 8760: 8741:(2): 393–403. 8722: 8662: 8620: 8569: 8545: 8507: 8470:(4): 217–222. 8447: 8421: 8400:(3): 151–161. 8380: 8345:(4): 290–302. 8326: 8300: 8281: 8243: 8225: 8203: 8177: 8147: 8117: 8090: 8060: 8036: 8029: 7994: 7975: 7949: 7914: 7907: 7889: 7843: 7824: 7785: 7762: 7727:(4): 290–302. 7711: 7662: 7629: 7603: 7577: 7551: 7524:(5): 622–633. 7506: 7443: 7396: 7361:(3): 572–585. 7341: 7282: 7271:(5): 637–644. 7255: 7244: 7220: 7176: 7150: 7087: 7062: 7040: 7018:Stern, Nicolas 7004: 6969: 6951: 6928: 6871: 6852:(4): 183–184. 6832: 6804: 6773: 6762:. pp. A05 6746: 6720: 6709:on 1 July 2007 6690: 6661: 6625: 6584: 6553: 6523: 6517:Pope Francis, 6510: 6488:Clive Hamilton 6476: 6447: 6414: 6391: 6351: 6329: 6314: 6292: 6266: 6240: 6188: 6162: 6136: 6122: 6089: 6082: 6052: 6040: 6022: 6004: 5986: 5956: 5929: 5897: 5870: 5855: 5834: 5803: 5780: 5754: 5727:(4): 100–105. 5707: 5686: 5655: 5633: 5605: 5576:(10): 104030. 5553: 5524:(11): 114005. 5501: 5475:(4): 183–184. 5449: 5398: 5352: 5329: 5295: 5266:(2): 129–134. 5244: 5219: 5196: 5177: 5151: 5105: 5074: 5048: 5015: 4982: 4954: 4934:Oil Change U.S 4921: 4888: 4863:Boslough, Mark 4854: 4821: 4794:Gelbspan, Ross 4785: 4778: 4753: 4721: 4689: 4655: 4648: 4630: 4563: 4556: 4536: 4493: 4467: 4437: 4415: 4379: 4342: 4313:(3): 276–287. 4295: 4267: 4247: 4177: 4153:Begley, Sharon 4125: 4099: 4077: 4033:(1): 653–689. 4012: 3977:(3): 349–385. 3946: 3900: 3873:(6): 691–698. 3842: 3835: 3812: 3768: 3738: 3686: 3663: 3645: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3607: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3522: 3521: 3505: 3502: 3486: 3483: 3469: 3466: 3453: 3450: 3431:Berkeley Earth 3364:Cato Institute 3337: 3334: 3312: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3269: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3245: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3184: 3181: 3143: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3111: 3108: 3097: 3090: 3089: 3081: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3005: 2971: 2968: 2941:Donald Kennedy 2910:show that the 2811: 2808: 2800:meteorologists 2764: 2761: 2677:global warming 2673:Kyoto Protocol 2653: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2620:Kyoto Protocol 2618:and fight the 2604: 2595: 2592: 2588:Kyoto Protocol 2550: 2549: 2510:of the subject 2508:worldwide view 2503: 2501: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2481:global warming 2421: 2404:Cato Institute 2368:meteorologists 2358: 2355: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2315: 2312: 2303: 2297: 2289:Jair Bolsonaro 2281:Ernesto Araújo 2244:global cooling 2240:sea level rise 2202: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2179:August Pfluger 2127: 2124: 2103:extraction in 2076:The Daily Wire 2070:The Federalist 2040:Breitbart News 2026: 2023: 2003:Cato Institute 1975: 1972: 1927: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1820:reported that 1763: 1762: 1751:Voters of the 1744: 1741: 1716:APCO Worldwide 1682:George Monbiot 1671: 1668: 1643:climate crisis 1549: 1530:Peabody Energy 1498: 1497: 1484: 1483: 1448:of the subject 1446:worldwide view 1441: 1439: 1432: 1426: 1423: 1361: 1358: 1304: 1259: 1256: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1164: 1156: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1127: 1116:Jacques Chirac 1112:Kyoto Protocol 1030: 1027: 964:Cato Institute 938: 931: 930: 925: 918: 917: 916: 915: 914: 902: 899: 894:George Monbiot 881:George W. Bush 869: 857: 854: 807:Clive Hamilton 802: 799: 795:human activity 784:George Monbiot 733: 730: 711:House of Lords 678: 675: 658: 655: 639: 636: 628:William Happer 621:global cooling 605: 601: 596: 577: 570: 569: 568: 559: 552: 551: 550: 549: 548: 534: 531: 530: 529: 523: 520: 509:cherry-picking 505: 494: 463:red trendlines 455:cherry picking 446: 445: 441: 438: 435: 432: 429: 425: 408: 407: 400: 394: 390: 386: 380: 373:trend skeptics 336: 333: 260:The Heat is On 182:science denial 170: 167: 149:In the 1970s, 73:science denial 52:distinguished 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20251: 20240: 20237: 20235: 20232: 20230: 20227: 20225: 20222: 20221: 20219: 20200: 20197: 20195: 20192: 20190: 20187: 20183: 20180: 20179: 20178: 20175: 20173: 20170: 20168: 20165: 20163: 20160: 20158: 20155: 20153: 20150: 20146: 20143: 20142: 20141: 20138: 20136: 20133: 20131: 20128: 20126: 20125: 20121: 20119: 20116: 20115: 20112: 20105: 20101: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20079: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20064: 20063: 20061: 20057: 20051: 20048: 20046: 20043: 20041: 20038: 20036: 20033: 20031: 20028: 20026: 20025:Admiralty law 20023: 20022: 20020: 20018: 20014: 20008: 20005: 20001: 19998: 19996: 19993: 19991: 19988: 19987: 19986: 19983: 19981: 19977: 19974: 19972: 19969: 19967: 19966:NESARA/GESARA 19964: 19962: 19959: 19958: 19955: 19948: 19944: 19926: 19923: 19921: 19918: 19916: 19913: 19911: 19908: 19907: 19905: 19903: 19902:2020 election 19899: 19891: 19887: 19886:POW/MIA issue 19884: 19883: 19881: 19879: 19876: 19874: 19873:Trump–Ukraine 19871: 19869: 19866: 19863: 19860: 19858: 19855: 19851: 19850: 19846: 19844: 19841: 19840: 19839: 19836: 19834: 19831: 19829: 19826: 19824: 19821: 19819: 19816: 19814: 19811: 19809: 19806: 19804: 19801: 19799: 19796: 19794: 19791: 19789: 19786: 19784: 19781: 19779: 19776: 19774: 19771: 19769: 19766: 19764: 19761: 19759: 19758:Biden–Ukraine 19756: 19752: 19748: 19745: 19743: 19740: 19738: 19735: 19733: 19730: 19729: 19728:Barack Obama 19727: 19726: 19724: 19722: 19721:United States 19718: 19710: 19709:Voting pencil 19707: 19705: 19704:Harold Wilson 19702: 19700: 19697: 19695: 19692: 19691: 19689: 19685: 19682: 19681: 19679: 19675: 19672: 19671: 19669: 19665: 19662: 19661: 19659: 19655: 19652: 19651: 19649: 19645: 19642: 19641: 19639: 19635: 19632: 19631: 19629: 19627: 19624: 19623: 19621: 19617: 19611: 19610: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19592: 19589: 19587: 19584: 19583: 19582: 19579: 19578: 19576: 19574: 19570: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19556: 19554: 19551: 19549: 19546: 19544: 19541: 19539: 19536: 19535: 19533: 19529: 19521: 19518: 19517: 19515: 19511: 19508: 19507: 19505: 19503: 19500: 19496: 19493: 19491: 19488: 19487: 19486: 19483: 19482: 19480: 19476: 19468: 19465: 19463: 19460: 19459: 19457: 19453: 19452:Casa Matusita 19450: 19449: 19447: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19434: 19432: 19428: 19425: 19424: 19422: 19421: 19419: 19411: 19403: 19400: 19399: 19397: 19393: 19390: 19389: 19387: 19383: 19380: 19379: 19377: 19373: 19370: 19369: 19367: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19354: 19352: 19351: 19349: 19345: 19341: 19334: 19330: 19316: 19313: 19311: 19308: 19306: 19303: 19301: 19298: 19296: 19293: 19291: 19290:The Holocaust 19288: 19286: 19283: 19281: 19278: 19276: 19273: 19271: 19268: 19267: 19265: 19263: 19258: 19254: 19248: 19245: 19243: 19240: 19238: 19235: 19233: 19230: 19228: 19225: 19223: 19220: 19218: 19217:Counter-jihad 19215: 19214: 19212: 19210: 19206: 19200: 19199:Giuseppe Siri 19197: 19195: 19192: 19188: 19185: 19183: 19180: 19178: 19175: 19174: 19173: 19172:Anti-Catholic 19170: 19169: 19167: 19165: 19160: 19154: 19151: 19149: 19146: 19144: 19141: 19139: 19136: 19134: 19131: 19129: 19126: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19111: 19107: 19105: 19102: 19098: 19097: 19093: 19092: 19091: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19078: 19077: 19074: 19070: 19067: 19066: 19065: 19062: 19060: 19057: 19055: 19052: 19050: 19047: 19045: 19044:Doctors' plot 19042: 19040: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19026: 19024: 19022: 19018: 19012: 19009: 19007: 19004: 19002: 18999: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18986: 18984: 18982: 18979: 18977: 18974: 18970: 18966: 18960: 18955: 18952: 18951: 18950: 18947: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18935: 18932: 18931: 18928: 18921: 18917: 18907: 18904: 18902: 18899: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18879: 18876: 18874: 18871: 18870: 18869: 18866: 18864: 18861: 18859: 18856: 18854: 18851: 18849: 18846: 18842: 18841:United States 18838: 18834: 18830: 18828: 18825: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18815: 18813: 18810: 18809: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18800: 18798: 18795: 18793: 18790: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18778: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18765: 18764: 18761: 18760: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18750: 18747: 18740: 18736: 18726: 18723: 18721: 18720:Satanic panic 18718: 18716: 18712: 18709: 18707: 18704: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18690: 18687: 18685: 18682: 18680: 18677: 18675: 18672: 18668: 18665: 18664: 18663: 18660: 18656: 18655:United States 18653: 18652: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18622: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18612: 18609: 18602: 18598: 18587: 18584: 18581: 18578: 18575: 18572: 18569: 18566: 18563: 18560: 18556: 18553: 18551: 18548: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18539: 18536: 18533: 18530: 18527: 18524: 18521: 18518: 18515: 18512: 18509: 18506: 18503: 18502: 18497: 18494: 18491: 18488: 18485: 18482: 18481: 18476: 18473: 18472: 18467: 18466: 18463: 18458: 18453: 18449: 18439: 18436: 18434: 18431: 18429: 18426: 18422: 18419: 18418: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18403: 18400: 18391: 18387: 18373: 18372:Melania Trump 18370: 18368: 18365: 18363: 18362:Avril Lavigne 18360: 18358: 18355: 18354: 18352: 18348: 18341: 18338: 18335: 18334:Elvis Presley 18332: 18329: 18326: 18323: 18320: 18319: 18317: 18313: 18306: 18303: 18300: 18297: 18294: 18291: 18288: 18287: 18282: 18279: 18276: 18273: 18270: 18267: 18264: 18261: 18258: 18255: 18252: 18249: 18246: 18243: 18240: 18237: 18234: 18231: 18230: 18225: 18222: 18221: 18217: 18216: 18214: 18210: 18203: 18200: 18197: 18194: 18191: 18188: 18185: 18182: 18179: 18176: 18173: 18170: 18167: 18164: 18161: 18158: 18155: 18154:Yasser Arafat 18152: 18149: 18146: 18143: 18140: 18137: 18134: 18131: 18130:Yitzhak Rabin 18128: 18125: 18122: 18119: 18116: 18113: 18110: 18107: 18104: 18101: 18098: 18095: 18092: 18089: 18086: 18083: 18080: 18077: 18074: 18071: 18068: 18065: 18062: 18059: 18056: 18053: 18050: 18047: 18044: 18041: 18038: 18035: 18032: 18029: 18026: 18023: 18020: 18017: 18014: 18011: 18008: 18005: 18002: 17999: 17996: 17993: 17990: 17987: 17984: 17981: 17978: 17975: 17972: 17969: 17966: 17965: 17963: 17960: 17955: 17954:Assassination 17951: 17947: 17940: 17936: 17917: 17914: 17911: 17910:Alien autopsy 17908: 17905: 17902: 17899: 17896: 17893: 17890: 17887: 17884: 17881: 17878: 17875: 17872: 17869: 17866: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17857: 17855: 17851: 17845: 17844:Project Serpo 17842: 17838: 17837: 17833: 17832: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17810: 17809: 17805: 17803: 17800: 17798: 17794: 17790: 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17771: 17769: 17767: 17763: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17732: 17729: 17725: 17722: 17721: 17720: 17717: 17716: 17713: 17706: 17702: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17676: 17673: 17672: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17632: 17630: 17626: 17620: 17617: 17615: 17612: 17610: 17607: 17605: 17604:Pseudoscience 17602: 17600: 17599:Pseudohistory 17597: 17595: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17569:Crisis actors 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17556: 17552: 17549: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17539: 17535: 17533: 17530: 17529: 17528: 17525: 17523: 17520: 17519: 17517: 17513: 17509: 17502: 17498: 17494: 17489: 17485: 17478: 17473: 17471: 17466: 17464: 17459: 17458: 17455: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17398:FactCheck.org 17396: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17362: 17359: 17358: 17357: 17356:Fact-checking 17354: 17353: 17350: 17343: 17339: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17316: 17314: 17310: 17306: 17302: 17298: 17292: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17274: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17240: 17237: 17236: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17204: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17189: 17187: 17185:United States 17183: 17177: 17174: 17172: 17169: 17167: 17164: 17162: 17160: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17135: 17133: 17129: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17109: 17107: 17103: 17099: 17095: 17091: 17081: 17078: 17076: 17073: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17045: 17043: 17039: 17036: 17035: 17034: 17031: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17018: 17017: 17014: 17013: 17011: 17009: 17005: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16989: 16986: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16969: 16966: 16964: 16961: 16960: 16958: 16956: 16952: 16949: 16944: 16940: 16934: 16931: 16929: 16926: 16923: 16919: 16916: 16915: 16913: 16909: 16905: 16901: 16897: 16893: 16889: 16885: 16881: 16877: 16873: 16869: 16865: 16861: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16836: 16834: 16830: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16810: 16808: 16804: 16800: 16796: 16792: 16786: 16785: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16746:50 Cent Party 16744: 16743: 16742: 16739: 16738: 16736: 16732: 16728: 16724: 16720: 16716: 16709: 16705: 16691: 16688: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16676: 16674: 16671: 16670: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16642: 16639: 16638: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16629: 16628: 16626: 16622: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16578: 16576: 16573: 16569: 16566: 16565: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16540: 16537: 16530: 16526: 16516: 16515: 16511: 16509: 16508: 16504: 16502: 16501: 16497: 16495: 16494: 16490: 16488: 16487: 16483: 16481: 16479: 16475: 16474: 16471: 16464: 16460: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16389: 16388: 16385: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16372: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16351: 16350:Media culture 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16290:False dilemma 16288: 16286: 16283: 16279: 16276: 16275: 16274: 16271: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16253: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16216: 16212: 16209: 16205: 16202: 16201: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16171: 16168: 16161: 16157: 16153: 16149: 16142: 16137: 16135: 16130: 16128: 16123: 16122: 16119: 16107: 16106: 16097: 16095: 16094: 16085: 16083: 16082: 16073: 16071: 16070: 16059: 16058: 16055: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16024: 16021: 16020: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16008:Climate model 16006: 16004: 16001: 16000: 15998: 15994: 15988: 15985: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15946: 15943: 15942: 15941: 15940:Cloud forcing 15938: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15895: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15885: 15883: 15879: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15854: 15852: 15848: 15844: 15837: 15833: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15798: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15783: 15781: 15777: 15771: 15768: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15750: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15739: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15720: 15718: 15716: 15715:Communication 15712: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15695:Vulnerability 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15665:Flood control 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15642: 15640: 15638: 15634: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15610: 15608: 15605: 15603: 15600: 15598: 15595: 15593: 15590: 15586: 15583: 15582: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15562: 15560: 15556: 15552: 15548: 15542: 15538: 15522: 15519: 15518: 15517: 15514: 15513: 15511: 15507: 15501: 15498: 15495: 15492: 15488: 15487:reforestation 15485: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15472:afforestation 15470: 15469: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15444: 15443: 15440: 15438: 15435: 15434: 15432: 15430: 15424: 15418: 15415: 15413: 15410: 15408: 15407:Nuclear power 15405: 15401: 15398: 15397: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15387: 15385: 15381: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15318: 15315: 15314: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15302:Carbon budget 15300: 15299: 15297: 15295: 15291: 15287: 15283: 15278: 15274: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15206: 15204: 15202: 15198: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15140: 15139:Mental health 15137: 15136: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15118: 15115: 15114: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15076: 15075:United States 15073: 15071: 15068: 15067: 15066: 15063: 15062: 15060: 15056: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15018: 15015: 15014: 15013: 15010: 15009: 15007: 15003: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14982: 14979: 14977: 14974: 14972: 14969: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14929:deoxygenation 14927: 14925: 14924:acidification 14922: 14921: 14920: 14917: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14904: 14903: 14900: 14896: 14893: 14892: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14852: 14850: 14846: 14842: 14838: 14833: 14829: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14788: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14755: 14752: 14745: 14741: 14727: 14724: 14720: 14719:from wetlands 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14696: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14679:Deforestation 14677: 14676: 14674: 14670: 14664: 14661: 14658: 14654: 14651: 14649: 14646: 14645: 14643: 14639: 14635: 14631: 14626: 14622: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14588: 14585: 14578: 14574: 14570: 14563: 14558: 14556: 14551: 14549: 14544: 14543: 14540: 14521: 14517: 14513: 14512:Harvey, Fiona 14507: 14491: 14487: 14483: 14477: 14461: 14457: 14453: 14446: 14430: 14426: 14422: 14415: 14399: 14395: 14391: 14384: 14368: 14364: 14360: 14353: 14337: 14333: 14329: 14326:Kwon, Diana. 14322: 14306: 14302: 14296: 14292: 14288: 14284: 14280: 14276: 14269: 14253: 14249: 14245: 14241: 14237: 14230: 14214: 14210: 14209: 14204: 14197: 14181: 14177: 14173: 14166: 14150: 14146: 14142: 14138: 14134: 14128: 14113: 14109: 14102: 14086: 14082: 14081: 14076: 14070: 14068: 14051: 14047: 14043: 14036: 14020: 14016: 14012: 14006: 13990: 13986: 13985:The Intercept 13982: 13975: 13959: 13955: 13954: 13949: 13945: 13939: 13923: 13919: 13918: 13917:Reason Online 13913: 13906: 13890: 13886: 13882: 13875: 13867: 13863: 13858: 13853: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13837: 13833: 13826: 13810: 13806: 13802: 13798: 13792: 13776: 13772: 13771: 13766: 13759: 13757: 13749: 13743: 13739: 13735: 13731: 13727: 13723: 13719: 13715: 13711: 13703: 13699: 13691: 13683: 13679: 13675: 13665: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13647: 13643: 13639: 13635: 13631: 13627: 13623: 13616: 13607: 13603: 13599: 13593: 13577: 13576: 13571: 13564: 13556: 13552: 13545: 13537: 13536: 13531: 13524: 13508: 13504: 13500: 13496: 13492: 13485: 13469: 13465: 13461: 13454: 13446: 13442: 13438: 13434: 13430: 13426: 13422: 13415: 13407: 13403: 13399: 13395: 13391: 13387: 13383: 13379: 13375: 13368: 13352: 13348: 13347: 13342: 13335: 13319: 13315: 13314: 13309: 13302: 13294: 13290: 13286: 13282: 13278: 13274: 13270: 13266: 13265: 13260: 13253: 13242: 13238: 13234: 13230: 13226: 13222: 13218: 13211: 13204: 13196: 13192: 13191: 13186: 13180: 13164: 13160: 13156: 13152: 13148: 13144: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13120: 13113: 13106: 13102: 13098: 13094: 13087: 13079: 13075: 13071: 13064: 13062: 13053: 13049: 13045: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13021: 13010: 13003: 13002: 12994: 12978: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12962: 12955: 12939: 12935: 12931: 12925: 12909: 12905: 12901: 12897: 12893: 12886: 12870: 12866: 12862: 12856: 12840: 12836: 12830: 12814: 12810: 12804: 12800: 12799: 12791: 12775: 12771: 12770: 12765: 12758: 12750: 12744: 12740: 12733: 12725: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12707: 12703: 12699: 12692: 12677: 12673: 12669: 12665: 12658: 12642: 12638: 12634: 12633: 12628: 12622: 12606: 12602: 12601: 12596: 12592: 12586: 12578: 12574: 12570: 12566: 12562: 12558: 12554: 12550: 12549: 12541: 12525: 12521: 12517: 12513: 12506: 12490: 12486: 12485: 12479: 12471: 12456: 12455: 12450: 12443: 12428: 12427: 12426:New Scientist 12422: 12415: 12399: 12395: 12391: 12384: 12368: 12364: 12360: 12353: 12345: 12341: 12335: 12327: 12321: 12306: 12302: 12295: 12280: 12276: 12270: 12254: 12250: 12246: 12239: 12223: 12219: 12213: 12197: 12193: 12187: 12179: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12146: 12141: 12139: 12130: 12122: 12118: 12114: 12110: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12091: 12089: 12087: 12085: 12068: 12064: 12057: 12049: 12045: 12038: 12030: 12026: 12022: 12015: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11992: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11960: 11956: 11952: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11933: 11918:on 7 May 2010 11917: 11913: 11907: 11899: 11893: 11885: 11879: 11863: 11859: 11853: 11846: 11840: 11824: 11823: 11818: 11811: 11803: 11797: 11790: 11778: 11774: 11767: 11759: 11753: 11749: 11742: 11727: 11723: 11717: 11709: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11693: 11689: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11670: 11668: 11661: 11656: 11650: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11632: 11628: 11624: 11620: 11616: 11609: 11593: 11589: 11582: 11566: 11562: 11558: 11551: 11535: 11531: 11525: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11494: 11487: 11483: 11479: 11476: 11470: 11462: 11458: 11454: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11413: 11406: 11402: 11398: 11395: 11389: 11373: 11369: 11363: 11359: 11358: 11350: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11319: 11311: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11293: 11289: 11286:(8): 084019. 11285: 11281: 11277: 11270: 11255: 11251: 11244: 11229: 11228: 11223: 11216: 11200: 11196: 11195: 11190: 11183: 11175: 11169: 11165: 11164: 11156: 11154: 11145: 11141: 11134: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11111: 11103: 11099: 11095: 11090:described in 11087: 11083: 11079: 11075: 11068: 11066: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11042: 11026: 11022: 11018: 11011: 10995: 10991: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10972: 10956: 10952: 10945: 10929: 10925: 10921: 10914: 10898: 10894: 10890: 10883: 10868: 10864: 10857: 10841: 10834: 10828: 10814: 10810: 10806: 10799: 10783: 10779: 10775: 10769: 10753: 10749: 10745: 10738: 10730: 10726: 10719: 10717: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10693: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10669: 10667: 10665: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10641: 10633: 10629: 10623: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10600: 10598: 10581: 10577: 10573: 10567: 10551: 10547: 10543: 10539: 10532: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10501: 10485: 10481: 10477: 10470: 10454: 10450: 10446: 10439: 10423: 10419: 10415: 10408: 10400: 10396: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10380: 10376: 10372: 10371: 10363: 10347: 10343: 10342: 10336: 10328: 10320: 10318:9789400757578 10314: 10310: 10309: 10304: 10297: 10282: 10281: 10276: 10269: 10254: 10250: 10243: 10228: 10227: 10222: 10215: 10200: 10194: 10190: 10189: 10181: 10165: 10161: 10155: 10140: 10139: 10134: 10127: 10111: 10107: 10106: 10101: 10094: 10078: 10074: 10070: 10066: 10062: 10055: 10047: 10043: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10018: 10010: 9994: 9990: 9986: 9982: 9978: 9971: 9955: 9951: 9945: 9941: 9940: 9932: 9916: 9912: 9911: 9906: 9900: 9884: 9880: 9876: 9869: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9846: 9838: 9834: 9830: 9823: 9821: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9790: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9759: 9743: 9739: 9732: 9716: 9712: 9711: 9706: 9696: 9680: 9676: 9672: 9665: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9647: 9642: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9616: 9614: 9597: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9579: 9563: 9559: 9558: 9553: 9546: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9509: 9493: 9489: 9488: 9483: 9476: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9455: 9450: 9446: 9440: 9424: 9420: 9419: 9414: 9410: 9404: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9376: 9372: 9368: 9361: 9345: 9341: 9335: 9319: 9315: 9314: 9309: 9305: 9299: 9291: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9263: 9262: 9254: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9231: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9200: 9184: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9170: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9128: 9120: 9113: 9097: 9093: 9089: 9082: 9071: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9032: 9025: 9023: 9015: 9009: 9001: 8997: 8990: 8971: 8967: 8960: 8953: 8946: 8940: 8924: 8920: 8914: 8910: 8909: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8887: 8881: 8866: 8862: 8855: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8824: 8822: 8805: 8801: 8797: 8790: 8771: 8764: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8729: 8727: 8718: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8638: 8631: 8624: 8616: 8612: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8580: 8573: 8565: 8561: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8541: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8514: 8512: 8503: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8477: 8473: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8454: 8452: 8436: 8432: 8425: 8417: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8384: 8376: 8372: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8333: 8331: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8305: 8296: 8292: 8285: 8276: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8240:. Teen Vogue. 8239: 8232: 8230: 8221: 8217: 8210: 8208: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8184: 8182: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8151: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8126:Helmer, Roger 8121: 8105: 8101: 8094: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8064: 8056: 8052: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8032: 8026: 8021: 8020: 8011: 8009: 8007: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7982: 7978: 7972: 7969:. Routledge. 7968: 7967: 7962: 7956: 7954: 7945: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7918: 7910: 7904: 7900: 7893: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7850: 7848: 7839: 7835: 7828: 7809: 7806:. p. 9. 7805: 7804: 7796: 7793:Swim, Janet. 7789: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7766: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7715: 7707: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7666: 7651: 7650: 7645: 7644:"The Tempest" 7638: 7636: 7634: 7617: 7613: 7607: 7591: 7587: 7581: 7566: 7562: 7555: 7547: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7518: 7510: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7472:(2): 98–106. 7471: 7467: 7463: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7400: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7337: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7319: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7259: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7224: 7216: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7183: 7181: 7165: 7161: 7154: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7091: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7069: 7067: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7024: 7019: 7015: 7008: 6993: 6989: 6988: 6984: 6979: 6973: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6932: 6924: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6875: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6836: 6825: 6821: 6814: 6808: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6761: 6757: 6750: 6735: 6731: 6724: 6708: 6704: 6700: 6694: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6665: 6646: 6642: 6635: 6629: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6595: 6588: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6557: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6527: 6520: 6514: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6489: 6483: 6481: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6432: 6425: 6418: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6340: 6333: 6326:. Open Court. 6325: 6318: 6302: 6296: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6273: 6271: 6254: 6250: 6244: 6236: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6211:(7): 493–99. 6210: 6206: 6202: 6199:(June 2010). 6198: 6197:Goertzel, Ted 6192: 6177: 6173: 6172:"The Tempest" 6166: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6125: 6123:9780190228620 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6096: 6094: 6085: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6018: 6014: 6008: 6000: 5996: 5990: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5960: 5944: 5940: 5933: 5914: 5907: 5901: 5885: 5881: 5874: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5852: 5848: 5841: 5839: 5823: 5822: 5817: 5813: 5807: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5784: 5768: 5764: 5758: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5702: 5697: 5690: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5630: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5601: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5560: 5558: 5549: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5508: 5506: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5456: 5454: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5418:(4): 048002. 5417: 5413: 5409: 5402: 5393: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5377:(2): 024024. 5376: 5372: 5368: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5302: 5300: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5260: 5255: 5248: 5240: 5236: 5235: 5230: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5184: 5180: 5174: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5158: 5156: 5146: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5112: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5063: 5059: 5052: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5019: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4993: 4986: 4971: 4970: 4965: 4958: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4892: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4825: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4795: 4789: 4781: 4775: 4771: 4770: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4726: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4662: 4660: 4651: 4645: 4641: 4634: 4626: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4567: 4559: 4553: 4550:. Routledge. 4549: 4548: 4540: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4490: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4477: 4471: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4424: 4419: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4386: 4384: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4354:Egan, Timothy 4349: 4347: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4299: 4292: 4288: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4260: 4259: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4218:(4): 044005. 4217: 4213: 4209: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4174: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4114: 4110: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4082: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4016: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3838: 3832: 3828: 3827: 3819: 3817: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3743: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3626: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3606: 3603:film about a 3602: 3599: 3595: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3544:CO2 Coalition 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3508: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3482: 3479: 3474: 3465: 3461: 3459: 3458:false balance 3449: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3342:Ronald Bailey 3333: 3329: 3326: 3316: 3309: 3296: 3276: 3272: 3266: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3242: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3209:Freedom Party 3206: 3202: 3194: 3189: 3180: 3178: 3175:In 2018, the 3173: 3171: 3166: 3163: 3157: 3155: 3140: 3127: 3117: 3110:United States 3101: 3094: 3085: 3078: 3069: 3067: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3039:According to 3037: 3034: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2976: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2948:Robert Brulle 2945: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2932: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2840:in 2007, the 2839: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2815: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2736: 2731: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2657: 2650: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2601: 2591: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2546: 2543: 2535: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2509: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2484: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2465:tobacco smoke 2462: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2340: 2339:Apr 15, 2023 2335: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2313: 2307: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2213: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2183:Permian Basin 2180: 2174: 2172: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2152:Mike Huckabee 2148: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2042: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1982:In 2013, the 1980: 1970: 1967: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1946:coal industry 1943: 1942:Paid Lobbyist 1931: 1920: 1918: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1884: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1834:Sharon Begley 1831: 1827: 1823: 1822:Philip Cooney 1819: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1807:in May 2014, 1806: 1801: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1780: 1772: 1767: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1740: 1736: 1734: 1733:Steven Milloy 1730: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1694:peer-reviewed 1691: 1690:Philip Morris 1687: 1683: 1677: 1667: 1664: 1663:Sharon Begley 1657: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1647:Boiling Point 1644: 1640: 1639:Ross Gelbspan 1635: 1633: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1601: 1600:Spencer Weart 1597: 1593: 1588: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1533: 1531: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1516:Sharon Begley 1510: 1495: 1491: 1480: 1477: 1469: 1466:February 2024 1459: 1455: 1449: 1447: 1440: 1431: 1430: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1320: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1286: 1285:nationalistic 1281: 1279: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1154: 1150: 1136: 1132: 1131:nuclear power 1128: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1041: 1036: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1004: 1000: 999:Gavin Schmidt 994: 992: 991:neoskepticism 988: 987: 981: 977: 974: 972: 969: 965: 961: 950: 946: 942: 935: 922: 912: 908: 898: 895: 889: 882: 877: 873: 867: 863: 853: 851: 847: 843: 841: 840:Bjørn Lomborg 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 798: 796: 792: 787: 785: 781: 776: 772: 768: 767:Martin Durkin 764: 761: 757: 756: 751: 748: 742: 739: 729: 727: 723: 720: 715: 712: 709:In 2005, the 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 688: 684: 674: 672: 668: 664: 661:In 2007, the 654: 651: 645: 635: 632: 629: 624: 622: 618: 613: 612:, mechanism. 611: 592: 581: 574: 563: 556: 544: 539: 527: 524: 521: 518: 514: 510: 506: 503: 499: 495: 492: 491: 490: 488: 484: 480: 468: 456: 451: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 423: 422: 420: 418: 414: 405: 401: 398: 395: 384: 381: 378: 374: 370: 366: 363: 362: 361: 359: 355: 350: 341: 332: 330: 326: 322: 317: 315: 314: 308: 304: 299: 296: 291: 287: 283: 282: 276: 273: 269: 264: 261: 257: 256:Ross Gelbspan 253: 248: 247:connotation. 246: 242: 238: 234: 229: 227: 223: 218: 214: 210: 206: 201: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 166: 164: 160: 156: 152: 151:oil companies 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 128:Koch brothers 124: 122: 118: 114: 108: 106: 102: 101:pseudoscience 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 39: 34: 30: 19: 20199:Superstition 20122: 19978: / 19976:Phantom time 19915:"Pence Card" 19888: / 19882:Vietnam War 19847: 19808:Jade Helm 15 19749: / 19607: 19543:Dulles' Plan 19427:Andinia Plan 19402:Finland Plot 19388:South Korea 19382:Tallano gold 19378:Philippines 19209:Islamophobic 19162:Christian / 19138:Kalergi Plan 19128:Judeopolonia 19116:World War II 19108: 19094: 19088: / 19059:George Soros 19054:Epsilon Team 19029:Andinia Plan 18885:Lepers' plot 18839: / 18835: / 18827:turbo cancer 18713: / 18555:WTC collapse 18544:9/11 attacks 18500: 18493:Pearl Harbor 18479: 18470: 18415: 18285: 18278:Khamar-Daban 18248:Dyatlov Pass 18228: 18220:Mary Celeste 18219: 18118:Vince Foster 18004:Adolf Hitler 17868:Maury Island 17862:Dundy County 17834: 17825:Men in black 17807: 17795: / 17791: / 17746:Hollow Earth 17675:moral panics 17665:Manipulation 17557: / 17553: / 17536: 17158: 17093:South Africa 17080:Web brigades 17016:Cyberwarfare 16998:Useful idiot 16947:Soviet Union 16892:Fintas Group 16784:Global Times 16782: 16751:cyberwarfare 16552: 16512: 16505: 16498: 16491: 16485: 16477: 16444:Whataboutism 16439:Urban legend 16409:Quote mining 16103: 16091: 16079: 16060: 15893:Carbon cycle 15850:Measurements 15591: 15545:Society and 15429:carbon sinks 15334:Climate debt 15324:Carbon price 15146:Human rights 14976:Season creep 14934:heat content 14860:Anoxic event 14773:James Hansen 14524:. Retrieved 14520:The Guardian 14519: 14506: 14494:. Retrieved 14485: 14476: 14464:. Retrieved 14455: 14445: 14433:. Retrieved 14424: 14414: 14402:. Retrieved 14394:The Atlantic 14393: 14383: 14371:. Retrieved 14362: 14352: 14340:. Retrieved 14331: 14321: 14309:. Retrieved 14282: 14278: 14268: 14256:. Retrieved 14240:The Guardian 14239: 14229: 14217:. Retrieved 14206: 14196: 14184:. Retrieved 14175: 14165: 14153:. Retrieved 14136: 14127: 14115:. Retrieved 14111: 14101: 14089:. Retrieved 14078: 14054:. Retrieved 14045: 14035: 14023:. Retrieved 14014: 14005: 13993:. Retrieved 13984: 13974: 13962:. Retrieved 13958:the original 13951: 13938: 13926:. Retrieved 13922:the original 13915: 13905: 13893:. Retrieved 13884: 13874: 13839: 13835: 13825: 13813:. Retrieved 13804: 13791: 13779:. Retrieved 13768: 13717: 13713: 13690: 13677: 13629: 13625: 13615: 13601: 13592: 13580:. Retrieved 13573: 13563: 13557:(in French). 13554: 13544: 13538:(in French). 13533: 13523: 13511:. Retrieved 13494: 13484: 13472:. Retrieved 13463: 13453: 13431:(1): 25–44. 13428: 13424: 13414: 13381: 13377: 13367: 13355:. Retrieved 13344: 13334: 13322:. Retrieved 13313:The Guardian 13311: 13301: 13268: 13262: 13252: 13241:the original 13220: 13216: 13203: 13194: 13188: 13179: 13167:. Retrieved 13126: 13122: 13112: 13104: 13096: 13086: 13074:Pew Research 13073: 13047: 13030: 13020: 13000: 12993: 12981:. Retrieved 12965:The Guardian 12964: 12954: 12942:. Retrieved 12924: 12912:. Retrieved 12896:The Guardian 12895: 12885: 12873:. Retrieved 12864: 12855: 12843:. Retrieved 12829: 12817:. Retrieved 12797: 12790: 12778:. Retrieved 12774:the original 12767: 12757: 12738: 12732: 12705: 12701: 12691: 12679:. Retrieved 12668:The Guardian 12667: 12657: 12645:. Retrieved 12630: 12621: 12609:. Retrieved 12600:The Guardian 12598: 12585: 12552: 12546: 12540: 12528:. Retrieved 12524:the original 12505: 12493:. Retrieved 12482: 12470: 12458:. Retrieved 12452: 12442: 12430:. 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