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applicability of the UN Charter and international law in the cybersphere. Key points of discussion were measures concerning responsible State behavior, and the protection of critical infrastructure and components of the global
Internet. To bring all parties together, the Netherlands has developed the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace. This platform will include all stakeholders and academics to develop new ideas on norms and actions for cyberstability. James Lewis laid out two options to protect cybersecurity. One is to choose the path of disarmament, and ban specific cyberweapons. The other is to choose the path of arms control, and regulate the use of cyberweapons, agreeing on principles of how to use them responsibly, controlled by the laws of armed conflict.
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United
Nations. This is because it was a truly multi-stakeholder effort, with the involvement of governments, the tech community and civil society. And finally, it serves as a reminder of the value of consensus. This may not sound spectacular, but it is. There are a lot of divergent opinions out there: About what the rules of the road should be, about who should bear responsibility for what happens, and about how to deal with transgressions. There should be no tampering with the public core of the internet. Internet infrastructure should be regarded as the backbone of modern society. Undersea cables and other vital elements should be off limits. The Global Commission rightly identifies these areas as sacrosanct.
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proposals for norms and policy initiatives to improve the stability and security of cyberspace. In 2016 during the Munich
Security Conference (MSC) The Netherlands Minister of Foreign Affairs Bert Koenders announced the intention of his government to support the establishment of a GCSC. The GCSC, based in The Hague, will be chaired by Marina Kaljurand, former Foreign Minister of Estonia, and will be composed of over two dozen prominent independent commissioners, from over 15 countries, with the expertise and legitimacy to speak on different aspects of cyberspace. The Commission will develop proposals for norms and policies to enhance the stability of cyberspace.
572:"Developers and producers of products and services on which the stability of cyberspace depends should (1) prioritize security and stability, (2) take reasonable steps to ensure that their products or services are free from significant vulnerabilities, and (3) take measures to timely mitigate vulnerabilities that are later discovered and to be transparent about their process. All actors have a duty to share information on vulnerabilities in order to help prevent or mitigate malicious cyber activity."
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the effort was divided into two working groups, one, principally diplomatic, to specify what actions should be precluded; the other, involving subject-matter experts, to specify which infrastructures were deemed most worthy of protection. This latter working group specified a survey of cybersecurity
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Together with the Global Forum on Cyber
Expertise, the GCSC was a product of the 2015-2017 Dutch chairmanship of the London Process, and particularly the work of Wouter Jurgens who, as head of the cyber security department of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs, had responsibility for organizing
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The public core of the open internet, namely its main protocols and infrastructure, which are a global public good, provides the essential functionality of the internet as a whole and underpins its normal operation. ENISA should support the security of the public core of the open internet and the
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and
Europol veteran Stéphane Duguin. This independent, non governmental organization has the mission to highlight the human aspect of cyberattacks. It works in close collaboration with relevant partners to reduce the harms from cyberattacks on people’s lives worldwide. The Institute builds on the
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and cyber defense to assess which infrastructures were deemed most worthy of protection. On a scale of zero to ten, with zero being 'unworthy of special protection' and ten being 'essential to include in the protected class,' all surveyed categories ranked between 6.02 and 9.01. Accordingly, the
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This report, compiled by a group of
Commissioners from all over the globe, does a number of important things. It consolidates a set of norms and principles for the behaviour of state and non-state actors in cyberspace. It confers a legitimacy that goes beyond the regular dialogues we have in the
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Wouter
Jurgens is heading the cyber security department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands. He is responsible for the preparations of the 4th Cyber Space Conference to be held in The Netherlands in 2015. This ministerial conference is part of the London Process and will bring
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The
Kingdom of the Netherlands, together with The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies (HCSS) and the EastWest Institute (EWI) recently announced the establishment of the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace (GCSC): a global body formed to convene key global stakeholders to develop
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Despite recent attempts to cast the main threat to the public core as resulting from cybercriminals, it is in fact states and their affiliates whose activities pose the greatest risks. The document cites an
International Telecommunication Union document, submitted by the Russian Federation,
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The side event was moderated by Wouter
Jurgens, Head of the Cyber Security Department at the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Uri Rosenthal, Dutch Special Envoy for International Cyber Policies discussed the Global Conference on CyberSpace. The GCCS2015 underlined the importance of the
626:. This definition of the "public core of the Internet" to include packet routing and forwarding, naming and numbering systems, the cryptographic mechanisms of security and identity, and physical transmission media, with more-specific details attending to each, has since been used by the
562:"States should create procedurally transparent frameworks to assess whether and when to disclose not publicly known vulnerabilities or flaws they are aware of in information systems and technologies. The default presumption should be in favor of disclosure."
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together ministers, policy makers, private sector and civil society to discuss, cyber security, freedom & privacy, economic growth & innovation as well as cyber issues related to international peace and security and capacity building.
492:"State and non-state actors should neither conduct nor knowingly allow activity that intentionally and substantially damages the general availability or integrity of the public core of the Internet, and therefore the stability of cyberspace."
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stability of its functioning, including, but not limited to, key protocols (in particular DNS, BGP, and IPv6), the operation of the domain name system (such as the operation of all top-level domains), and the operation of the root zone.
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Commission defines the phrase 'the public core of the Internet' to include packet routing and forwarding, naming and numbering systems, the cryptographic mechanisms of security and identity, and physical transmission media.
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542:"State and non-state actors should not tamper with products and services in development and production, nor allow them to be tampered with, if doing so may substantially impair the stability of cyberspace."
455:, which was held in The Hague April 16–17 of 2015, and formalizing its outcomes. Jurgens had been working for several years on the topic of governmental non-aggression in cyberspace, in collaboration with
949:. The group making the diplomatic push is called the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace (GCSC). One of the group's motivations is that state-sponsored attacks nearly always have
1118:"Speech by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Stef Blok, at the launch of the report by the Global Commission on the Security of Cyberspace (GCSC) at the Peace Forum in Paris, 12 November 2019"
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We affirm our willingness to work together to prevent activity that intentionally and substantially damages the general availability or integrity of the public core of the Internet.
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532:"State and non-state actors must not pursue, support or allow cyber operations intended to disrupt the technical infrastructure essential to elections, referenda or plebiscites."
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GCSC's work by monitoring compliance with its norms and coordinating cyber-attack forensic and analytic efforts that broaden public understanding of norm violations.
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suggesting that nation states need to safeguard the Internet core. The GCSC statement points out that Internet governance organisations are not run by governments.
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646:. The statement reiterates the GCSC's findings that state actors are the primary threat to Internet stability, not private actors; that the GCSC believes that the
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In addition to the norms the commission published, several other organizations were created and efforts undertaken as byproducts of the commission's work.
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cites the Public Core norm in the 2019 report of the Secretary General and the report of the Secretary General’s High-level Panel on Digital Cooperation,
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is the GCSC's principal product, and has been included or referenced in many subsequent legislative and diplomatic work. It was included in the
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of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be
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592:"Non-state actors should not engage in offensive cyber operations and state actors should prevent such activities and respond if they occur."
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One of the most notable derivative outcomes of the GCSC's work was the formation of the CyberPeace Institute, headed by GCSC commissioner
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is key to maintaining Internet stability, and that the Internet's critical infrastructure is principally operated by the private sector.
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442:. It operated for three years, from 2017 through 2019, and produced the diplomatic norm for which it was chartered and seven others.
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The USA, China and Russia are doing all that they can to avoid development of a treaty that would make it hard for them to conduct
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552:"State and non-state actors should not commandeer the general public’s ICT resources for use as botnets or for similar purposes."
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On September 22, 2021, the GCSC released a three-page statement responding, in large part, to Russia's submission to the
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and others as a standardized description of the principal elements of Internet critical infrastructure.
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1436:. Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace. November 20, 2017. p. 61. Archived from
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did huge damage well beyond their intended targets, imposing massive costs on the private sector.
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1340:"Stop worrying that crims could break the 'net, say cyber-diplomats – only nations have tried"
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As input to its process, a working group of the GCSC conducted a broad survey of experts on
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1370:"Statement on the Interpretation of the Norm on Non-Interference with the Public Core"
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Statement on the Interpretation of the Norm on Non-Interference with the Public Core
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It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
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and the seven subsequent norms, the GCSC has published several other documents.
1286:. Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace. 21 May 2018. Archived from
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Council Working Group on International Internet-related Public Policy Issues,
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1322:"Risk Analysis of the Existing Internet Governance and Operational Model"
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1148:"Regulation (EU) 2019/881 of the European Parliament and of the Council"
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well beyond their intended targets. As explained today in a keynote at
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Koichiro Komiyama (Deputy Chair for Technical and Information Security)
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Risk Analysis of the Existing Internet Governance and Operational Model
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Hugo Zylberberg (Deputy Chair for International Peace & Security)
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Report of the GCSC Critical Infrastructure Assessment Working Group
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Report of the GCSC Critical Infrastructure Assessment Working Group
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Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing
1403:"Le Cyberpeace Institute: une ONG pour défendre la "cyberpaix""
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included a call for compliance with the Public Core norm. The
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Commission developing diplomatic norms limiting cyber-offense
1087:"Launch of Global Commission on the Stability of CyberSpace"
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Norm for States to Create a Vulnerabilities Equities Process
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Norm Against Offensive Cyber Operations by Non-State Actors
1281:"Definition of the Public Core, to which the Norm Applies"
1183:. French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12 November 2018.
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Definition of the Public Core, to which the Norm Applies
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Definition of the Public Core, to which the Norm Applies
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Alexander Klimburg (Hague Centre for Strategic Studies)
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Norm to Reduce and Mitigate Significant Vulnerabilities
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Norm Against Commandeering of ICT Devices into Botnets
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A major contributor to this article appears to have a
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Marilia Maciel (Deputy Chair for Internet Governance)
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notability guidelines for companies and organizations
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International organisations based in the Netherlands
1375:. Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace.
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The Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace
618:experts, delegated implementation of the survey to
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993:"4th Global Conference on CyberSpace in The Hague"
512:to include the protection of the public core. The
111:"Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace"
1178:"Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace"
1053:"Side Event on Cybersecurity and the Way Forward"
945:, is using diplomacy to find another way to stop
577:Norm on Basic Cyber Hygiene as Foundation Defense
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466:The GCSC was launched by Dutch Foreign Minister
418:Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace
1490:Definition of the "Public Core" of the Internet
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957:by GCSC commissioner and executive director of
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514:Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace
487:Norm to Protect the Public Core of the Internet
453:4th Global Conference on CyberSpace ministerial
1057:United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
527:Norm to Protect the Electoral Infrastructure
1400:
427:organization, dedicated to the creation of
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1089:. The Hague Security Delta. 7 March 2017.
933:, but an effort led by the governments of
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1401:Untersinger, Martin (26 September 2019).
622:, and integrated its results to form the
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
162:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1327:. International Telecommunication Union.
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1320:Russian Federation (9 September 2021).
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510:European Union Agency for Cybersecurity
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1382:from the original on 22 September 2021
1346:from the original on 27 September 2021
1226:from the original on 27 September 2021
1338:Sharwood, Simon (24 September 2021).
1190:from the original on 5 September 2021
1120:. Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
613:Early in the process of defining the
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1246:"The Age of Digital Interdependence"
1154:from the original on 20 January 2022
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1059:. United Nations. 23 October 2015.
522:The Age of Digital Interdependence.
508:, which extends the mandate of the
353:4th Global Conference on CyberSpace
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1212:Guterres, AntĂłnio (4 March 2019).
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679:Critical infrastructure assessment
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1409:from the original on 29 July 2021
1214:"Report of the Secretary-General"
1150:. European Union. 17 April 2019.
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1093:from the original on 13 July 2021
1063:from the original on 26 June 2021
1029:from the original on 26 June 2021
995:. Diplomat Magazine. 2015-04-05.
951:commercial and human consequences
867:Liis Vihul (Deputy Chair for Law)
34:This article has multiple issues.
1251:. United Nations. Archived from
740:Latha Reddy (Co-chair 2017-2019)
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199:. Please discuss further on the
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1116:Blok, Stef (12 November 2019).
999:from the original on 2021-06-26
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603:Norm to Protect the Public Core
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42:or discuss these issues on the
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1478:Final report of the Commission
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947:state-sponsored online warfare
911:Sharwood, Simon (2018-03-22).
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1305:communications infrastructure
1025:. The University of Toronto.
1023:MUNK School of Global Affairs
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685:Definition of the Public Core
846:Wolff Heintschel von Heinegg
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1524:Global policy organizations
326:Multistakeholder Commission
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472:Munich Security Conference
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84:reliable secondary sources
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859:Research Advisory Group
537:Norm to Avoid Tampering
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959:Packet Clearing House
799:Wolfgang Kleinwächter
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197:neutral point of view
836:Former commissioners
783:Abdul-Hakeem Ajijola
776:Anriette Esterhuysen
737:(Co-chair 2017-2018)
666:CyberPeace Institute
1534:Internet governance
864:Sean Kanuck (Chair)
757:Christopher Painter
652:Internet governance
601:In addition to the
425:Internet governance
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1507:2021-06-26 at the
1495:2023-01-09 at the
1483:2023-01-09 at the
1471:2023-01-09 at the
1219:. United Nations.
888:EastWest Institute
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597:Other publications
409:Cyberstability.Org
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814:Jonathan Zittrain
749:Motohiro Tsuchiya
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735:Marina Kaljurand
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683:As input to the
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1544:Internet law
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1438:the original
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1405:. Le Monde.
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831:Olaf Kolkman
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36:Please help
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881:Secretariat
850:Sigrid Kaag
828:Samir Saran
780:Xiadong Lee
393:Publication
376:Latha Reddy
298:Singaporean
272:Established
88:independent
1518:Categories
898:References
805:Elina Noor
753:Joseph Nye
440:cyberspace
307:Founded at
122:newspapers
96:redirected
39:improve it
955:Black Hat
943:Singapore
931:cyber-war
766:Jeff Moss
650:model of
344:The Hague
315:Dissolved
209:July 2022
201:talk page
152:July 2022
86:that are
45:talk page
1505:Archived
1493:Archived
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997:Archived
978:NotPetya
917:Archived
382:Co-Chair
372:Co-Chair
360:Co-Chair
280:Founders
1447:26 June
1297:25 June
1128:13 July
1097:13 July
1067:26 June
1033:26 June
1003:26 June
966:Stuxnet
923:25 June
446:Origins
405:Website
349:Origins
331:Purpose
136:scholar
100:deleted
1262:1 June
939:France
420:was a
310:Munich
291:French
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974:Petya
970:Flame
284:Dutch
143:JSTOR
129:books
98:, or
1449:2021
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1264:2019
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1196:2021
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1005:2021
976:and
941:and
925:2021
628:OECD
496:The
451:the
416:The
323:Type
267:GCSC
115:news
640:ITU
504:'s
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301:MFA
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