German invasion of Greece

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Ploești oil fields be destroyed were to a certain extent grounded in reality. However, the American historian Gerhard Weinberg noted: "...the enormous difficulties of air attacks on distant oil fields were not understood by either side at this time; it was assumed on both sides that even small air raids could bring about vast fire and destruction". Furthermore, the massive Italian defeats in the Balkans, the Horn of Africa and North Africa had pushed the Fascist regime in Italy to the brink of collapse by late 1940 with Mussolini becoming extremely unpopular with the Italian people. Hitler was convinced that if he did not rescue Mussolini, Fascist Italy would be knocked out of the war in 1941. Weinberg wrote the continuing Italian defeats "....could easily lead to the complete collapse of the whole system Mussolini had established, and this was recognized at the time; it is not hindsight from 1943". If Italy was knocked out of the war, then the British would be able to use the central Mediterranean again, and the governors of the French colonies in Africa loyal to the Vichy regime might switch their loyalties to the

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Division was to hold the village of Brallos. After the battle Mackay was quoted as saying "I did not dream of evacuation; I thought that we'd hang on for about a fortnight and be beaten by weight of numbers." When the order to retreat was received on the morning of 23 April, it was decided that the two positions were to be held by one brigade each. These brigades, the 19th Australian and 6th New Zealand were to hold the passes as long as possible, allowing the other units to withdraw. The Germans attacked at 11:30 on 24 April, but met fierce resistance, lost 15 tanks and sustained considerable casualties. The Allies held out the entire day; with the delaying action accomplished, they retreated in the direction of the evacuation beaches and set up another rearguard at Thebes. The Panzer units launching a pursuit along the road leading across the pass made slow progress because of the steep gradient and difficult hairpin bends.

2126: 1797: 2062: 1403:. The overall command was to be retained by Papagos and the Greek and British commands agreed to fight a delaying action in the north-east. The British did not move their troops, because General Wilson regarded them as too weak to protect such a broad front. Instead, he took a position some 65 kilometres (40 miles) west of the Axios, across the Haliacmon Line. The two main objectives in establishing this position were to maintain contact with the Hellenic army in Albania and to deny German access to Central Greece. This had the advantage of requiring a smaller force than other options, while allowing more preparation time, but it meant abandoning nearly the whole of Northern Greece, which was unacceptable to the Greeks for political and psychological reasons. The line's left flank was susceptible to flanking from Germans operating through the 1339: 294: 8822: 8699: 8565: 8445: 176: 1922:, which suffered heavy losses in the process. Later that day, a German armoured regiment arrived and struck the coastal and inland flanks of the battalion, but the New Zealanders held. After being reinforced during the night of the 15th–16th, the Germans assembled a tank battalion, an infantry battalion and a motorcycle battalion. The infantry attacked the New Zealanders' left company at dawn, while the tanks attacked along the coast several hours later. The New Zealanders soon found themselves enveloped on both sides, after the failure of the Western Macedonia Army to defend the Albanian town of Korça that fell unopposed to the 2854:. Adding 500–1,000 stragglers who reached Crete, Titterton estimates that "the numbers that left Greece and reached Crete or Egypt, including British and Greek troops, must have been around 51,000." Gavin Long (part of Australia's official history of World War II) gives a figure around 46,500, while, according to W. G. McClymont (part of New Zealand's official history of World War II), 50,172 soldiers were evacuated. McClymont points out that "the differences are understandable if it is remembered that the embarkations took place at night and in great haste and that among those evacuated there were Greeks and refugees." 1579:. Their strategy was to create a diversion through the campaign in Albania, thus stripping the Hellenic Army of manpower for the defence of their Yugoslavian and Bulgarian borders. By driving armoured wedges through the weakest links of the defence chain, penetrating Allied territory would not require substantial armour behind an infantry advance. Once Southern Yugoslavia was overrun by German armour, the Metaxas Line could be outflanked by highly mobile forces thrusting southward from Yugoslavia. Thus, possession of Monastir and the Axios valley leading to Thessaloniki became essential for such an outflanking maneuver. 2074:—erupted. The Greek 13th and Cavalry Divisions lacked the equipment necessary to fight against an armoured unit, and on 15 April were finally encircled and overwhelmed. On 18 April, General Wilson in a meeting with Papagos, informed him that the British and Commonwealth forces at Thermopylai would carry on fighting till the first week of May, providing that Greek forces from Albania could redeploy and cover the left flank. On 21 April, the Germans advanced further and captured Ioannina, the final supply route of the Greek Epirus Army. Allied newspapers dubbed the Hellenic army's fate a modern-day 961: 8988: 8892: 8774: 270: 259: 247: 235: 9084: 8600: 8504: 281: 140: 2107:, to arrange a surrender to the Germans alone." On strict orders from Hitler, negotiations were kept secret from the Italians and the surrender was accepted. Outraged by this decision, Mussolini ordered counter-attacks against the Greek forces, which were repulsed, but at some cost to the defenders. The Luftwaffe intervened in the renewed fighting, and Ioannina was practically destroyed by Stukas. It took a personal representation from Mussolini to Hitler to organize Italian participation in the armistice that was concluded on 23 April. Greek soldiers were not rounded up as 952: 154: 1858:

of the swift advance of the mobile units, his 12th Army was now in a favourable position to access central Greece by breaking the Greek build-up behind the Axios river. On the basis of this estimate, List requested the transfer of the 5th Panzer Division from First Panzer Group to the XL Panzer Corps. He reasoned that its presence would give additional punch to the German thrust through the Monastir Gap. For the continuation of the campaign, he formed an eastern group under the command of XVIII Mountain Corps and a western group led by XL Panzer Corps.

317: 1040:. Although Greece was neutral until the Italian invasion, the British troops that were sent as defensive aid created the possibility of a frontier to the German southern flank. Hitler's principal fear was that British aircraft based in Greece would bomb the Romanian oil fields, which was one of Germany's most important sources of oil. As Hitler was already seriously considering launching an invasion of the Soviet Union the next year, this increased the importance of Romanian oil as once Germany was at war with the Soviet Union, Romania would be the 201: 45: 2935: During the night of 6 April 1941, while the German invasion had already begun, the Yugoslavs informed the Greeks that they would implement the plan: they would attack the Italian troops in the morning of the next day at 6:00 a.m. At 3:00 a.m. of 7 April, the 13th division of the Greek Epirus Army attacked the Italian troops, occupied two heights and captured 565 Italians (15 officers and 550 soldiers). Nevertheless, the Yugoslav offensive would not take place and on 8 April, the Greek headquarters ordered the pause of the operation. 2031:'s XL Corps captured the Florina-Vevi Pass on 11 April, but unseasonal snowy weather then halted his advance. On 12 April, he resumed the advance, but spent the whole day fighting Brigadier Charrington's 1st Armoured Brigade at Proastion. It was not until 13 April that the first Greek elements began to withdraw toward the Pindus mountains. The Allies' retreat to Thermopylae uncovered a route across the Pindus mountains by which the Germans might flank the Hellenic army in a rearguard action. An elite SS formation—the 1615: 14068: 2916:

enable them to plead extenuating circumstances in justification of their aggression against a small nation, already entangled in a war against a Great Power. But, irrespective of the presence or absence of British troops in the Balkans, German intervention would have taken place firstly because the Germans had to secure the right flank of the German Army which was to operate against Russia according to the plans already prepared in autumn 1940 and secondly because the possession of the southern part of the

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through the campaign in Greece to influence the political atmosphere in the United States and insisted on this strategy even after the defeat. According to Keegan, "the Greek campaign had been an old-fashioned gentlemen's war, with honor given and accepted by brave adversaries on each side" and the vastly outnumbered Greek and Allied forces, "had, rightly, the sensation of having fought the good fight". It has also been suggested the British strategy was to create a barrier in Greece to protect

2542: 1993:, the struggle for the Pineios Gorge, was over when German armoured infantry crossed the river on floats and 6th Mountain Division troops worked their way around the New Zealand battalion, which was subsequently dispersed. On 19 April, the first XVIII Mountain Corps troops entered Larissa and took possession of the airfield, where the British had left their supply dump intact. The seizure of ten truckloads of rations and fuel enabled the spearhead units to continue without ceasing. The port of 1841:, Arpalouki, Paliouriones, Perithori, Karadag, Lisse and Istibey—held until the Germans occupied Thessaloniki on 9 April, at which point they surrendered under General Bakopoulos' orders. Nevertheless, minor isolated fortresses continued to fight for a few days more and were not taken until heavy artillery was used against them. This gave time for some retreating troops to evacuate by sea. Although eventually broken, the defenders of the Metaxas Line succeeded in delaying the German advance. 1136:, likewise gave his approval to redeploy the New Zealand division from Egypt to Greece, despite his fears of another Gallipoli. As he put it in a telegram to Churchill, he "could not contemplate the possibility of abandoning the Greeks to their fate" which "would destroy the moral basis of our cause". The weather in the winter of 1940–41 seriously delayed the build-up of German forces in Romania and it was only in February 1941 that the Wehrmacht's Twelfth Army commanded by Field Marshal 189: 328: 2147: 1179: 2625: 214: 1447: 9157: 2810:

concluded that the Balkan Campaign had no influence on the launching of Operation Barbarossa. According to Robert Kirchubel, "the main causes for deferring Barbarossa's start from 15 May to 22 June were incomplete logistical arrangements and an unusually wet winter that kept rivers at full flood until late spring." This does not answer whether in the absence of these problems the campaign could have begun according to the original plan. Keegan writes:

1107:, asked the United Kingdom for nine fully equipped divisions and corresponding air support. The British responded that all they could offer was the immediate dispatch of a token force of less than divisional strength. This offer was rejected by the Greeks, who feared that the arrival of such a contingent would precipitate a German attack without giving them meaningful assistance. British help would be requested if and when German troops crossed the 2250: 1930: 2213:

your hearts, live inspired with the fire of her latest triumph and the glory of our army. Greece will live again and will be great, because she fought honestly for a just cause and for freedom. Brothers! Have courage and patience. Be stout hearted. We will overcome these hardships. Greeks! With Greece in your minds you must be proud and dignified. We have been an honest nation and brave soldiers.

1809:"was repulsed in the Rupel Pass despite strongest air support and sustained considerable casualties". Two German battalions managed to get within 600 ft (180 m) of Fort Rupel on 6 April, but were practically destroyed. Of the 24 forts that made up the Metaxas Line, only two had fallen and only after they had been destroyed. In the following days, the Germans pummelled the forts with 2187:("POL"), several thousand tons of ammunition, ten trucks loaded with sugar and ten truckloads of other rations in addition to various other equipment, weapons and medical supplies. The people of Athens had been expecting the Germans for several days and confined themselves to their homes with their windows shut. The previous night, Athens Radio had made the following announcement: 1498:, while the Australian division blocked the Haliacmon valley up to the Vermion range. The RAF continued to operate from airfields in Central and Southern Greece, but few planes could be diverted to the theatre. The British forces were near to fully motorised, but their equipment was more suited to desert warfare than to Greece's steep mountain roads. They were short of tanks and 1739:. On 9 April, the Zetska Division advanced towards Shkodër and the Yugoslav cavalry regiment reached the Drin River, but the Kosovska Division had to halt its advance due to the appearance of German units near Prizren. The Yugoslav-Greek offensive was supported by S.79K bombers from the 66th and 81st Bomber Groups of the VVKJ, that attacked airfields and camps around 1702:

Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. On 7 April, the Yugoslav 3rd Army in the form of five infantry divisions (13th "Hercegovacka", 15th "Zetska", 25th "Vardarska", 31st "Kosovska" and 12th "Jadranska" Divisions, with the "Jadranska" acting as the reserve), after a false start due to the planting of a bogus order, launched a counteroffensive in northern Albania, advancing from

2899: According to Buckley, Mussolini preferred that the Greeks would not accept the ultimatum but that they would offer some kind of resistance. Buckley writes, "documents later discovered showed that every detail of the attack had been prepared... His prestige needed some indisputable victories to balance the sweep of Napoleonic triumphs of Nazi Germany." 1475:. By this time, Greek forces defending the Bulgarian border totalled roughly 70,000 men (sometimes labelled the "Greek Second Army" in English and German sources, although no such formation existed). The remainder of the Greek forces—14 divisions (often erroneously referred to as the "Greek First Army" by foreign sources)—was committed in Albania. 800:, on 27 April and Greece's southern shore on 30 April, capturing 7,000 British, Australian and New Zealand personnel and ending the battle with a decisive victory. The conquest of Greece was completed with the capture of Crete a month later. Following its fall, Greece was occupied by the military forces of Germany, Italy and Bulgaria. 1910:, the new line offered far greater defensive strength. The defences of the Olympus and Servia passes consisted of the 4th New Zealand Brigade, 5th New Zealand Brigade and the 16th Australian Brigade. For the next three days, the advance of the 9th Panzer Division was stalled in front of these resolutely held positions. 1685:. Despite many delays along the mountain roads, an armoured advance guard dispatched toward Thessaloniki succeeded in entering the city by the morning of 9 April. Thessaloniki was taken after a long battle with three Greek divisions under the command of General Bakopoulos, and was followed by the surrender of the Greek 2827:

wrote that the German invasion of the Balkans "helped conceal Barbarossa" from the Soviet leadership, and contributed to the German success in achieving strategic surprise and that while the Balkans operations contributed to delays in launching Barbarossa, these acted to discredit Soviet intelligence

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Freyberg and Blamey also had serious doubts about the feasibility of the operation but failed to express their reservations and apprehensions. The campaign caused a furore in Australia, when it became known that when General Blamey received his first warning of the move to Greece on 18 February 1941,

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You are listening to the voice of Greece. Greeks, stand firm, proud and dignified. You must prove yourselves worthy of your history. The valor and victory of our army has already been recognised. The righteousness of our cause will also be recognised. We did our duty honestly. Friends! Have Greece in

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river; by dusk, they had reached the western exit of the Pineios Gorge, suffering only light casualties. Macky was informed that it was "essential to deny the gorge to the enemy until 19 April even if it meant extinction". He sank a crossing barge at the western end of the gorge once all his men were

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We did not then know that he was already deeply set upon his gigantic invasion of Russia. If we had we should have felt more confidence in the success of our policy. We should have seen that he risked falling between two stools and might easily impair his supreme undertaking for the sake of a Balkan

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VIII crossed the Danube river into Bulgaria. The lack of bridges on the Danube capable of carrying heavy supplies on the Romanian-Bulgarian frontier forced Wehrmacht engineers to build the necessary bridges in wintertime, imposing major delays. By 9 March 1941, the 5th and 11th Panzer Divisions were

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to Malta, in effect closing the Suez canal as the British were forced to supply their forces in Egypt via the long Cape route around Africa. The British had made liberating Italian East Africa a priority to end the possibility of Italian naval and air attacks on British shipping in the Red Sea, which

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s only source of oil, at least until the Wehrmacht presumably captured the Soviet oil fields in the Caucasus. As the British were indeed contemplating using the Greek air fields to bomb the Romanian oil fields, Hitler's fears that his entire war machine might be paralyzed for a lack of oil should the

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The United Kingdom was obliged to assist Greece by the Declaration of 13 April 1939, which stated that in the event of a threat to Greek or Romanian independence, "His Majesty's Government would feel themselves bound at once to lend the Greek or Romanian Government... all the support in their power."

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towards the Nestos river. Both divisions arrived the next day. On 9 April, the Greek forces defending the Metaxas Line capitulated unconditionally following the collapse of Greek resistance east of the Axios river. In a 9 April estimate of the situation, Field Marshal List commented that as a result

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were drafted, as well as changes to the plans for Greece. The coup d'état in Belgrade greatly assisted German planning as it allowed the Wehrmacht to plan an invasion of Greece via Yugoslavia. The American historians Allan Millett and Williamson Murray wrote from the Greek perspective, it would have

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Menzies had approved the plan. The proposal had been accepted by a meeting of the War Cabinet in London at which Menzies was present but the Australian Prime Minister had been told by Churchill that both Freyberg and Blamey approved of the expedition. On 5 March, in a letter to Menzies, Blamey said

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to discuss evacuation plans with certain responsible officers. Nevertheless, the British could not at this stage adopt or even mention this course of action; the suggestion had to come from the Greek Government. The following day, Papagos made the first move when he suggested to Wilson that W Force

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As early as 16 April, the German command realised that the British were evacuating troops on ships at Volos and Piraeus. The campaign then took on the character of a pursuit. For the Germans, it was now primarily a question of maintaining contact with the retreating British forces and foiling their

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was married to a Greek princess and refused the German request for transit rights to invade Greece. King Boris III of Bulgaria had long-standing territorial disputes with Greece, and was more open to granting transit rights to the Wehrmacht in exchange for a promise to have the parts of Greece that

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wrote in 2012 about the current thinking of historians with regard to delays caused by German attacks in the Balkans that "most accept that it made little difference" to the eventual outcome of Barbarossa. US Army analyst Richard Hooker Jr., calculates that the 22 June start date of Barbarossa was

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asked the British government to recognise its mistaken strategy in Greece. Buckley countered that if the United Kingdom had not honoured its 1939 commitment to Greece, it would have severely damaged the ethical basis of its struggle against Nazi Germany. According to Heinz Richter, Churchill tried

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At least eighty percent of the British forces were evacuated from eight small southern ports. This was made possible with the help of the Royal and Greek Navies. Twenty-six ships, twenty-one of which were Greek, were destroyed by air bombardment The small but efficient Greek Navy now passed under

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at 11:00 on 10 April. German SS troops seized Vevi on 11 April, but were stopped at the Klidi Pass just south of town. During the next day, the SS regiment reconnoitered the Allied positions and at dusk launched a frontal attack against the pass. Following heavy fighting, the Germans broke through

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General Dill described Papagos' attitude as "unaccommodating and defeatist" and argued that his plan ignored the fact that Greek troops and artillery were capable of only token resistance. The British believed that the Greek rivalry with Bulgaria—the Metaxas Line was designed specifically for war

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rejected the Gibraltar attack. Consequently, Germany's offensive in southern Europe was restricted to the Greek campaign. The Armed Forces High Command issued Directive No. 20 on 13 December 1940, outlining the Greek campaign under the code designation Operation Marita. The plan was to occupy the

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Modern analysts believe that the Italian campaign failed because Mussolini and his generals initially allocated insufficient resources to the campaign (an expeditionary force of 55,000 men), failed to reckon with the autumn weather, attacked without the advantage of surprise and without Bulgarian

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and de Guingand point out that the delay of the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union was not among the United Kingdom strategic goals and as a result the possibility of such a delay could not have affected its decisions about Operation Marita. In 1952, the Historical Branch of the UK Cabinet Office

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Under heavy German diplomatic pressure, Prince Paul had Yugoslavia join the Tripartite Pact on 25 March 1941, but with a proviso that Yugoslavia would not grant transit rights to the Wehrmacht to attack Greece. As the Metaxas Line protected the Greek–Bulgarian border, the Wehrmacht generals much

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to deploy significant forces to the Horn of Africa while defending Egypt lessened the number of Commonwealth forces available to go to Greece. Although the performance of the Italian armed forces had been less than impressive, from the German perspective denying the British access to the central

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did not receive adequate troop reinforcements and was quickly overrun by the Germans, who then outflanked the Greek forces at the Albanian border, forcing their surrender. British, Australian and New Zealand forces were overwhelmed and forced to retreat, with the ultimate goal of evacuation. For

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This, incidentally, disposes of the German assertion that they were forced to attack us only in order to expel the British from Greece, for they knew that, if they had not marched into Bulgaria, no British troops would have landed in Greece. Their assertion was merely an excuse on their part to

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was to cover the withdrawal of Savige Force to Larissa and thereafter the withdrawal of the 6th Division under whose command it would come; overseeing the withdrawal of Allen Force which was to move along the same route as the New Zealand Division. The British, Australian and New Zealand forces

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The Germans had to break the Metaxas line, in order to capture Thessaloniki, Greece's second-largest city and a strategically important port. The attack started on 6 April with one infantry unit and two divisions of the XVIII Mountain Corps. Due to strong resistance, the first day of the attack

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had not consulted him on his war policy and wished to establish his independence. He hoped to match German military success by taking Greece, which he regarded as an easy opponent. On 15 October 1940, Mussolini and his closest advisers finalised their decision. In the early hours of 28 October,

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The Greek campaign ended with a complete German and Italian victory. The British did not have the military resources to carry out large simultaneous operations in both North Africa and the Balkans. Even if they had been able to block the Axis advance, they would have been unable to exploit the

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The 5th Mountain Division, together with the reinforced 125th Infantry Regiment, crossed the Struma river under great hardship, attacking along both banks and clearing bunkers until they reached their objective on 7 April. Heavy casualties caused them to temporarily withdraw. The 72nd Infantry

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On 13 April 1941, Hitler issued Directive No. 27, including his occupation policy for Greece. He finalized jurisdiction in the Balkans with Directive No. 31 issued on 9 June. Mainland Greece was divided between Germany, Italy and Bulgaria, with Italy occupying the bulk of the country (see map

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To allow an evacuation of the main body of British forces, Wilson had ordered the rearguard to make a last stand at the historic Thermopylae pass, the gateway to Athens. General Freyberg's 2nd New Zealand Division was given the task of defending the coastal pass, while Mackay's 6th Australian

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and Greece for the following January. On 17 November 1940, Metaxas proposed a joint offensive in the Balkans to the British government, with Greek strongholds in southern Albania as the operational base. The British were reluctant to discuss Metaxas' proposal, because the troops necessary for

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In early April 1941, Greek, Yugoslav and British commanders met to set in motion a counteroffensive, that planned to completely destroy the Italian army in Albania in time to counter the German invasion and allow the bulk of the Greek army to take up new positions and protect the border with

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preliminary. This is what actually happened, but we could not know that at the time. Some may think we builded rightly; at least we builded better than we knew at the time. It was our aim to animate and combine Yugoslavia, Greece and Turkey. Our duty so far as possible was to aid the Greeks.

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By 30 April the evacuation of about 50,000 soldiers was completed, but was heavily contested by the German Luftwaffe, which sank at least 26 troop-laden ships. The Germans captured around 8,000 Empire (including 2,000 Cypriot and Palestinian) and Yugoslav troops in Kalamata who had not been

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In the aftermath, historians would measure its significance in terms of the delay Marita had or had not imposed on the unleashing of Barbarossa, an exercise ultimately to be judged profitless, since it was the Russian weather, not the contingencies of subsidiary campaigns, which determined

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valley in case of a German attack across their territory. During this meeting, Papagos stressed the importance of a joint Greco-Yugoslavian offensive against the Italians, as soon as the Germans launched their offensive. By 24 April more than 62,000 Empire troops (British, Australians, New

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from Romania into Bulgaria. The Greek leader, General Metaxas, did not particularly want British forces on the mainland of Greece as he feared it would lead to a German invasion of his country and during the winter of 1940–41 secretly asked Hitler if he was willing to mediate an end to the

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Mediterranean by stationing Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine forces in Italy made it crucial to keep Italy in the war. Hitler ordered his Army General Staff to attack Northern Greece from bases in Romania and Bulgaria in support of his master plan to deprive the British of Mediterranean bases.

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General Wilson described this unwillingness to retreat as "the fetishistic doctrine that not a yard of ground should be yielded to the Italians." Churchill also criticized the Greek Army commanders for ignoring British advice to abandon Albania and avoid encirclement. Lieutenant-General

936:. Greece did not have a substantial armaments industry and its equipment and ammunition supplies increasingly relied on stocks captured by British forces from defeated Italian armies in North Africa. To man the Albanian battlefront, the Greek command was forced to withdraw forces from 2951:(he was not CIGS until November 1941) noted in his diary (11 November) that "are we again going to have Salonica supporters like the last war. Why will politicians never learn the simple principle of concentration of force at the vital point, and the avoidance of dispersal of effort?" 1342:

Winston Churchill believed it was vital for the United Kingdom to take every measure possible to support Greece. On 8 January 1941, he stated that "there was no other course open to us but to make certain that we had spared no effort to help the Greeks who had shown themselves so

2488:. The fighting on the Peloponnese consisted of small-scale engagements with isolated groups of British troops who had been unable to reach the evacuation point. The attack came days too late to cut off the bulk of the British troops in Central Greece, but isolated the Australian 2767:. Martin van Creveld believes that the British government did everything in their power to scuttle all attempts at a separate peace between the Greeks and the Italians, in order to ensure the Greeks would keep fighting and thus draw Italian divisions away from North Africa. 2022:

of the Greek army operating in Albania was reluctant to retreat. By the middle of March, especially after the Tepelene offensive, the Greek army had suffered, according to British estimates, 5,000 casualties, and it was fast approaching the end of its logistical tether.

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near the Yugoslav border. The fortifications were designed to garrison over 200,000 troops but there were only about 70,000 and the infantry garrison was thinly spread. Some 950 men under the command of Major Georgios Douratsos of the 14th Division defended Fort Roupel.

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had been better if the Yugoslav coup d'état had not taken place as it would have forced the Wehrmacht to assault the Metaxas Line without the option of outflanking the Metaxas Line by going through Yugoslavia. On 6 April, both Greece and Yugoslavia were to be attacked.

2850: Sources do not agree on the exact number of the soldiers the British Empire managed to evacuate. According to British sources, 50,732 soldiers were evacuated. But of these, according to G.A. Titterton, 600 men were lost in the troopship (the former Dutch liner) 2776:

that "the plan is, of course, what I feared: piecemeal dispatch to Europe" and the next day he called the operation "most hazardous". Thinking that he was agreeable, the Australian Government had already committed the Australian Imperial Force to the Greek Campaign.

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Wilson faced the prospect of being pinned by Germans operating from Thessaloniki, while being flanked by the German XL Panzer Corps descending through the Monastir Gap. On 13 April, he withdrew all British forces to the Haliacmon river and then to the narrow pass at

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Italian Ambassador Emanuele Grazzi presented Metaxas with a three-hour ultimatum, demanding free passage for troops to occupy unspecified "strategic sites" within Greek territory. Metaxas rejected the ultimatum (the refusal is commemorated as Greek national holiday

1227:—the successor of Metaxas, who had died on 29 January 1941—and Papagos took place in Athens on 22 February, where it was decided to send an expeditionary force of British and other Commonwealth forces. German troops had been massing in Romania and on 1 March, 2804:

Bradley and Buell conclude that "although no single segment of the Balkan campaign forced the Germans to delay Barbarossa, obviously the entire campaign did prompt them to wait." On the other hand, Richter calls Eden's arguments a "falsification of history".

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The quarrel over the troops' victorious entry into Athens was a chapter to itself: Hitler wanted to do without a special parade, to avoid injuring Greek national pride. Mussolini, alas, insisted on a glorious entry into the city for his Italian troops. The

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support. Elementary precautions such as issuing winter clothing had not been taken. Mussolini had not considered the warnings of the Italian Commission of War Production, that Italy would not be able to sustain a full year of continuous warfare until 1949.

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Following the Italian invasion on 28 October 1940, Greece, with British air and material support, repelled the initial Italian attack and a counter-attack in March 1941. When the German invasion, known as Operation Marita, began on 6 April, the bulk of the

10532: 2053:, where the Greek 20th Division covering the Greek withdrawal, fought in a determined manner, delaying Stumme's advance practically a whole day. The withdrawal extended across the entire Albanian front, with the Italians in hesitant pursuit. On 15 April, 9174: 1595:. With only nine days left before their final deployment, every hour became valuable and each fresh assembly of troops took time to mobilise. By the evening of 5 April, the forces intended to enter southern Yugoslavia and Greece had been assembled. 994:

I wanted, above all, to ask you to postpone the operation until a more favourable season, in any case until after the presidential election in America. In any event I wanted to ask you not to undertake this action without previously carrying out a

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and had subsequently returned to the mainland, was given the mission of outflanking the British rearguard. The motorcycle troops encountered only slight resistance and on the morning of 27 April 1941, the first Germans entered Athens, followed by

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A ruined castle dominated the ridge across which the coastal pass led to Platamon. During the night of 15 April, a German motorcycle battalion supported by a tank battalion attacked the ridge, but the Germans were repulsed by the New Zealand

1128:, arrived in London on 20 February to discuss the deployment of Australian troops from Egypt to Greece, and reluctantly gave his approval on 25 February. Like many other Australians of his generation, Menzies was haunted by the memory of the 909:. Neither a change in Italian command nor the arrival of substantial reinforcements improved the position of the Italian army. On 13 February, General Papagos, the Commander-in-Chief of the Greek army, opened a new offensive, aiming to take 1395:

with Bulgaria—as well as their traditionally good terms with the Yugoslavs—left their north-western border largely undefended. Despite their awareness that the line was likely to collapse in the event of a German thrust from the Struma and

2797:, Hitler said that "if the Italians hadn't attacked Greece and needed our help, the war would have taken a different course. We could have anticipated the Russian cold by weeks and conquered Leningrad and Moscow. There would have been no 1049:

headed by Charles de Gaulle. As Hitler had plans to ultimately use the French colonies in Africa as bases for the war against the United Kingdom, the potential loss of Vichy control over its African empire was seen as a problem by him.

1314:; another was along the Yugoslav-Bulgarian border, via the Struma river valley to the south. Greek border fortifications had been adapted for the terrain and a formidable defence system covered the few available roads. The Struma and 2134:

evacuation plans. German infantry divisions were withdrawn due to their limited mobility. The 2nd and 5th Panzer Divisions, the 1st SS Motorised Infantry Regiment and both mountain divisions launched a pursuit of the Allied forces.

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and his government left the Greek mainland for Crete, which was attacked by Nazi forces on 20 May 1941. The Germans employed parachute forces in a massive airborne invasion and attacked the three main airfields of the island in

2886:, "the almost immediate setbacks of the Italians only served to heighten Hitler's displeasure. What enraged the Führer most was that his repeated statements of the need for peace in the Balkans had been ignored by Mussolini." 901:, where they failed to break the defensive line and were forced to halt. Within three weeks, the Greek army launched a counter-offensive, during which it marched into Albanian territory, capturing significant cities such as 1586:

led to a sudden change in the plan of attack and confronted the Twelfth Army with a number of difficult problems. According to the 28 March Directive No. 25, the Twelfth Army was to create a mobile task force to attack via

1677:. On 7 April, a Yugoslav counter-attack against the division's northern flank was repelled, and the following day, the division forced its way across the mountains and overran the thinly manned defensive line of the Greek 2102:

writes that Tsolakoglou "was so determined... to deny the Italians the satisfaction of a victory they had not earned that... he opened quite unauthorised parley with the commander of the German SS division opposite him,

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lay practically undefended and transportation of British troops to the city remained dangerous. Papagos proposed to take advantage of the area's terrain and prepare fortifications, while also protecting Thessaloniki.

2681:

situation by a counter-thrust across the Balkans. The British came very near to holding Crete and perhaps other islands that would have provided air support for naval operations throughout the eastern Mediterranean.

1898:. On 14 April, the 9th Panzer Division established a bridgehead across the Haliacmon river, but an attempt to advance beyond this point was stopped by intense Allied fire. This defence had three main components: the 1638:, severing an important rail line between Belgrade and Thessaloniki and isolating Yugoslavia from its allies. On the evening of 9 April, Stumme deployed his forces north of Monastir, in preparation for attack toward 9422: 924:

on the centre of the front on 9 March 1941, which failed, despite the Italians' superior forces. After one week and 12,000 casualties, Mussolini called off the counter-offensive and left Albania twelve days later.

6268:

Operation Demon. The story of the evacuation of British Commonwealth troops from mainland Greece and the tragic loss of the Dutch troopship Slamat and HM destroyers Diamond and Wryneck in April 1941. (World War

2057:

fighters attacked the (RHAF) base at Paramythia, 50 kilometres (30 mi) south of Greece's border with Albania, destroying or putting out of action 17 VVKJ aircraft that had recently arrived from Yugoslavia.

1470:

and the Greek border. The Yugoslav troops were not fully mobilised and lacked adequate equipment and weapons. Following the entry of German forces into Bulgaria, the majority of Greek troops were evacuated from

1386:—by then a symbol of national security to the Greek populace—and not withdraw divisions from Albania. He argued that to do so would be seen as a concession to the Italians. The strategically important port of 2832:

agrees that "other factors were more important" as regards the delaying of Barbarossa, but he also argues that the Panzer divisions, which had been in service during Operation Marita, "had to undergo refit".

9345: 2253:

In the morning of 15 April 1941, Wavell sent to Wilson the following message: "We must of course continue to fight in close cooperation with Greeks but from news here it looks as if early further withdrawal

2089:—accepted the hopelessness of the situation and offered to surrender his army, which then consisted of fourteen divisions. Papagos condemned Tsolakoglou's decision to capitulate, although lieutenant general 2007:

It is impossible for me to understand why the Greek Western Army does not make sure of its retreat into Greece. The Chief of the Imperial Staff states that these points have been put vainly time after time.

2197:

yielded to the Italian demand and together the German and Italian troops marched into Athens. This miserable spectacle, laid on by our gallant ally, must have produced some hollow laughter from the Greeks.

2097:

had warned him a week earlier that morale in the Epirus Army was wearing thin, and combat stress and exhaustion had resulted in officers taking the decision to put deserters before firing squads. Historian

1734:

under General Tsolakoglou, comprising the 9th and 13th Greek Divisions, advanced in support of the Royal Yugoslav Army, capturing some 250 Italians on 8 April. The Greeks were tasked with advancing towards

9186: 2278:. In the evening, after telling the King that he felt he had failed him in the task entrusted to him, Prime Minister Koryzis committed suicide. On 21 April, the final decision to evacuate Empire forces to 2399:

in an effort to gain access to the isthmus from the west. Upon their arrival at 17:30 on 27 April, the SS forces learned that the paratroops had already been relieved by Army units advancing from Athens.

2069:

General Papagos rushed Greek units to the Metsovon pass where the Germans were expected to attack. On 14 April a pitched battle between several Greek units and the LSSAH brigade—which had by then reached

14144: 2788:

characterised the campaign in Greece as a "political and sentimental decision". Eden rejected the criticism and argued that the UK's decision was unanimous and asserted that the Battle of Greece delayed

2793:, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. This is an argument that historians used to assert that Greek resistance was a turning point in World War II. According to film-maker and friend of Adolf Hitler 1973:

during the leapfrogging move to Thermopylae. Mackay's force was assigned the flanks of the New Zealand Division as far south as an east–west line through Larissa and to oversee the withdrawal through

1124:, had hopes of reviving the Salonika front strategy and opening a second front in the Balkans that would tie down German forces and deprive Germany of the Romanian oil. The Australian prime minister, 1876:. The 5th Panzer Division, advancing from Skopje encountered a Greek division tasked with defending Monastir Gap, rapidly defeating the defenders. First contact with Allied troops was made north of 1502:

and the lines of communication across the Mediterranean were vulnerable, because each convoy had to pass close to Axis-held islands in the Aegean; despite the British Royal Navy's domination of the

10065: 2909: According to the United States Army Center of Military History, the Greeks informed the Yugoslavs of this decision and they in turn made it known to the German Government. Papagos writes: 944:, because Greek forces could not protect Greece's entire border. The Greek command decided to support its success in Albania, regardless of the risk of a German attack from the Bulgarian border. 1084:

by March 1941 and to seize the entire Greek mainland, if necessary. To attack Greece would require going through Yugoslavia and/or Bulgaria. The Regent of Yugoslavia for the boy king Peter II,

1367:

could be stopped by a relatively small number of troops positioned in the high Pindus mountains, the northeastern part of the country was difficult to defend against an attack from the north.

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implementing the Greek plan would seriously endanger operations in North Africa. In December 1940, German ambitions in the Mediterranean underwent considerable revision when Spain's General

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commanding the eastern end of the Mediterranean was of great strategic importance for Germany's plan of attacking the United Kingdom and the line of Imperial communications with the East.

2888:

Nevertheless, Hitler had given Mussolini the green light to attack Greece six months earlier, acknowledging Mussolini's right to do as he saw fit in his acknowledged sphere of influence.

1969:

On 16 April, Wilson met Papagos at Lamia and informed him of his decision to withdraw to Thermopylae. Lieutenant-General Thomas Blamey divided responsibility between generals Mackay and

6729: 1829:

across the mountains. Its advance was delayed by a shortage of pack animals, medium artillery and mountain equipment. Only on the evening of 9 April did it reach the area north-east of

1788:, 14th and 18th Infantry divisions. The line ran for about 170 km (110 mi) along the river Nestos to the east and then further east, following the Bulgarian border as far as 10055: 2262:, the commander of British Army forces in the Middle East, when in Greece from 11 to 13 April had warned Wilson that he must expect no reinforcements and had authorised Major General 1722:

and captured the village of Koljegcava in the Valbonë River Valley, and the 31st "Kosovska" Division, supported by Savoia-Marchetti S.79K bombers from the 7th Bomber Regiment of the

9169: 14124: 2237:, refusing to hand it to the invaders, wrapped himself in it, and jumped off the Acropolis. Whether the story was true or not, many Greeks believed it and viewed the soldier as a 1817:

and reinforced the 125th Infantry Regiment. Finally, a 7,000 ft (2,100 m) high snow-covered mountainous passage considered inaccessible by the Greeks was crossed by the

1997:, at which the British had re-embarked numerous units during the prior few days, fell on 21 April; there, the Germans captured large quantities of valuable diesel and crude oil. 445:

Statistics about the strength and casualties of Italy and Greece refer to both the Greco-Italian War and the Battle of Greece (at least 300,000 Greek soldiers fought in Albania).

573: 1762:

then advanced upon the Yugoslav fleet base of Kotor in Montenegro, also occupying Cettinje and Podgorica. The Yugoslavs lost 30,000 men captured in the Italian counterattacks.

818:

has accused Hitler of trying to deflect blame for his country's defeat from himself to his ally, Italy. It nevertheless had serious consequences for the Axis war effort in the

10118: 1754:

Between 11 and 13 April 1941, with German and Italian troops advancing on its rear areas, the Zetska Division was forced to retreat back to the Pronisat River by the Italian

10113: 10033: 9898: 1053:

Furthermore, after Italy entered the war in June 1940, the danger of Axis air and naval attacks had largely closed the central Mediterranean to British shipping except for

9317: 2606:. The occupation of Greece – during which civilians suffered terrible hardships, many dying from privation and hunger – proved to be a difficult and costly task. Several 1424:. The German command again coupled ground troops and armour with air support and rapidly drove into the territory. Once Thessaloniki was captured, Athens and the port of 12639: 9781: 2295:

should obtain endorsement by Greek Government of Papagos' request. Consequent upon this assent, evacuation should proceed, without however prejudicing any withdrawal to

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was sent to Greece to prepare for the evacuation. That day Wilson hastened to Athens where he attended a conference with the King, Papagos, d'Albiac and Rear admiral

783:

forces in anticipation of the German attack. The Greek army found itself outnumbered in its effort to defend against both Italian and German troops. As a result, the

13990: 12008: 10696: 1630:. The XL Panzer Corps began their assault at 05:30. They pushed across the Bulgarian frontier into Yugoslavia at two separate points. By the evening of 8 April, the 625: 605: 2364:

ran aground in shallow waters close to Nafplio. Because of this event, the Germans realised that the evacuation was also taking place from the ports of the eastern

2319:. Winston says "We will lose only 5,000 in Greece." We will in fact lose at least 15,000. W. is a great man, but he is more addicted to wishful thinking every day. 10103: 9817: 2315:

Little news from Greece, but 13,000 men got away to Crete on Friday night and so there are hopes of a decent percentage of evacuation. It is a terrible anxiety...

1399:

rivers, the British eventually acceded to the Greek command. On 4 March, Dill accepted the plans for the Metaxas line and on 7 March agreement was ratified by the

12328: 2729:

in December 1941), considered intervention in Greece to be "a definite strategic blunder", as it denied Wavell the necessary reserves to complete the conquest of

2078:. Historian and former war-correspondent Christopher Buckley – when describing the fate of the Hellenic army – stated that "one experience a genuine Aristotelian 11931: 11903: 11047: 9372: 1318:

rivers cut across the mountain range along the Greek-Bulgarian frontier and both of their valleys were protected by strong fortifications, as part of the larger

2823:

sufficient for the Germans to advance to Moscow by mid-August, and he says that the victories in the Balkans raised the morale of the German soldier. Historian

14174: 13969: 12648: 12335: 11469: 9872: 8061:

Kitsikis, Dimitri (July–September 1967). "La Grèce entre l'Angleterre et l'Allemagne, de 1936 à 1941" [Greece between England & Germany, 1936–41].

494: 14149: 12951: 12314: 11623: 11248: 10123: 14129: 11964: 11910: 11096: 9307: 8325: 2484:, from where most Allied units had already begun to evacuate, they reached the south coast on 29 April, where they were joined by SS troops arriving from 917:

with British air support but the Greek divisions encountered stiff resistance, stalling the offensive that practically destroyed the Cretan 5th Division.

12421: 11917: 11533: 7328: 566: 2801:". Despite his reservations, Field Marshall Brooke seems also to have conceded that the Balkan Campaign delayed the offensive against the Soviet Union. 14134: 10943: 10138: 9867: 635: 9377: 12307: 11754: 11630: 10527: 10108: 9181: 1872:

By the morning of 10 April, the XL Panzer Corps had finished its preparations for the continuation of the offensive and advanced in the direction of

14139: 11607: 10987: 10208: 9812: 2582:, including most of Crete. They also occupied Florina, which was claimed by both Italy and Bulgaria. The Bulgarians occupied territory between the 768: 1161:

preferred the idea of attacking Greece via Yugoslavia instead of Bulgaria. During a hasty meeting of Hitler's staff after the unexpected 27 March

12044: 11356: 9832: 2661:. By 1 June 1941, the evacuation was complete and the island was under German occupation. In light of the heavy casualties suffered by the elite 2419: 2158:, where they erected a last obstacle in front of Athens. The motorcycle battalion of the 2nd Panzer Division, which had crossed to the island of 1058:

assumed greater importance because of the dangers posed to British shipping in the central Mediterranean. In turn, the decision by Field Marshal

999:

operation on Crete. For this purpose I intended to make practical suggestions regarding the employment of a parachute and an airborne division.

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Damage from the German bombing of Piraeus on 6 April 1941. During the bombing, a ship carrying nitroglycerin was hit, causing a huge explosion

1849:

The XXX Infantry Corps on the left wing reached its designated objective on the evening of 8 April, when the 164th Infantry Division captured

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and were allowed instead to go home after the demobilisation of their units, while their officers were permitted to retain their side arms.

12748: 12604: 12588: 12560: 11808: 11015: 9402: 822:. Enno von Rintelen, who was the military attaché in Rome, emphasises, from the German point of view, the strategic mistake of not taking 13505: 12572: 12484: 12428: 12391: 11673: 2964: 2649:. After seven days of fighting and tough resistance, Allied commanders decided that the cause was hopeless and ordered a withdrawal from 7091: 2125: 1796: 1132:, and was highly suspicious of another of Churchill's plans for victory in the Mediterranean. On 9 March, New Zealand's prime minister, 12477: 11209: 9762: 9655: 9397: 8196: 7848:

The Ciano Diaries, 1939–1943: The Complete, Unabridged Diaries of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1936–1943

2379:. The attack met with initial success, until a stray British shell destroyed the bridge. The 1st SS Motorised Infantry Regiment (named 487: 2721:

After the Allies' defeat, the decision to send British forces into Greece faced fierce criticism in the United Kingdom. Field Marshal

2061: 1359:

mountains offered many defensive opportunities. Air power was required to protect defending ground forces from entrapment in the many

1150:

The Yugoslav coup came suddenly out of the blue. When the news was brought to me on the morning of the 27th, I thought it was a joke.

13983: 12611: 11001: 10959: 10093: 9791: 9591: 9531: 9417: 9367: 9130: 1326:

and field fortifications, constructed along the Bulgarian border in the late 1930s, was built on principles similar to those of the

13832: 11651: 11425: 11188: 11054: 10865: 10193: 9862: 9771: 8810: 8318: 8263: 3343: 2598:. Italian troops started occupying the Ionian and Aegean islands on 28 April. On 2 June, they occupied the Peloponnese; on 8 June, 1755: 1458:, Lieutenant General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson, commanding general of the Empire expeditionary force ('W' Force) and Major General 1441: 9786: 7603: 893:) but even before it expired, Italian troops had invaded Greece through Albania. The principal Italian thrust was directed toward 12727: 12524: 11561: 11061: 10973: 10909: 8216: 8168: 7679: 6023: 3410: 2512:

played an important part in the evacuation of the Allied forces to Crete and suffered heavy losses as a result. Churchill wrote:

1759: 1428:

became principal targets. Piraeus, was virtually destroyed by bombing on the night of the 6/7 April. The loss of Piraeus and the

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brigade—was assigned the mission of cutting off the Greek Epirus Army's line of retreat from Albania by driving westward to the

12930: 12442: 11292: 10830: 10788: 10075: 1566:

16th Panzer Division, deployed behind the Turkish-Bulgarian border to support the Bulgarian forces in case of a Turkish attack.

7704: 5577: 5469: 5272: 2872:. Since Yugoslavia and Greece were situated within these spheres, Mussolini felt entitled to adopt whatever policy he saw fit. 13526: 13431: 12958: 12704: 12579: 11665: 11639: 11496: 11202: 11119: 10408: 8869: 8167:(Motion Picture) (in Greek). Athens: Service of Diplomatic and Historical Archives of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 8044: 7977: 7958: 7915: 7892: 7836: 7814: 7795: 7776: 7300: 7270: 7251: 7232: 7213: 7194: 7173: 7154: 7132: 7080: 7061: 7035: 7014: 6995: 6952: 6933: 6914: 6869: 6835: 6799: 6780: 6761: 6712: 6683: 6663: 6640: 6621: 6602: 6564: 6542: 6523: 6490: 6442: 6423: 6404: 6385: 6366: 6347: 6328: 6276: 6256: 6237: 6218: 6199: 6177: 6158: 6139: 6120: 6066: 6012: 5988: 5943: 5153: 2658: 1982: 1021:

that arrived in November 1940. With Greek government consent, British forces were dispatched to Crete on 31 October to guard

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The Ciano Diaries: the Complete, Unabridged Diaries of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1936–1943

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on 15 April, forcing the British to abandon the Mount Olympus position and resulting in the capture of 20,000 Greek troops.

1252:. On 3 April, during a meeting of British, Yugoslav and Greek military representatives, the Yugoslavs promised to block the 14169: 13759: 13166: 13052: 12217: 11684: 11680: 11658: 11262: 10731: 10045: 8761: 7928:(1971). "Information et décision: la Grèce face à l'invasion allemande dans les Balkans, 13 décembre 1940 – 6 avril 1941". 6464: 5248: 2517:

British control ... Thereafter, the Greek Navy represented with distinction in many of our operations in the Mediterranean.

1970: 861: 5593: 1420:" methods that had proved successful during the invasions of Western Europe. Their effectiveness was confirmed during the 13674: 13138: 12470: 12456: 11669: 10040: 8311: 8015:. New Zealand in the Second World War. Vol. II. Wellington, NZ: War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs. 5125: 5093: 2726: 2684:

In enumerating the reasons for the complete Axis victory in Greece, the following factors were of greatest significance:

1826: 4246: 463:

Statistics about German casualties refer to the Balkans Campaign as a whole and are based on Hitler's statements to the

13883: 13752: 13630: 13208: 12923: 12874: 12632: 12187: 11439: 11278: 11126: 10980: 9667: 8075: 2154:

After abandoning the Thermopylae area, the British rearguard withdrew to an improvised switch position to the south of

1743:, as well as the port of Durrës, and Italian troop concentrations and bridges on the Drin and Buene rivers and Durrës, 1631: 1490:

Infantry Divisions—were put under the command of General Wilson, who established his headquarters to the north-west of

2291:

We cannot remain in Greece against wish of Greek Commander-in-Chief and thus expose country to devastation. Wilson or

1654:. While weak security detachments covered his rear against a surprise attack from central Yugoslavia, elements of the 1330:. Its strength resided mainly in the inaccessibility of the intermediate terrain leading up to the defence positions. 1219:

to resume negotiations with the Greek government. A meeting attended by Eden and the Greek leadership, including King

13999: 12881: 12853: 12670: 12252: 11971: 11938: 10686: 10449: 9755: 8924: 6295: 5924: 3859: 2259: 1818: 1806: 1678: 1370:

Following a March conference in Athens, the British believed that they would combine with Greek forces to occupy the

933: 11154: 7729: 5800: 5077: 3105: 1665:(XVIII Mountain Corps) entered Yugoslavia from the east on the morning of 6 April and advanced westward through the 14036: 13194: 13131: 12266: 12102: 11225: 10070: 9322: 8919: 8486: 6987: 1805:

yielded little progress in breaking the line. A German report at the end of the first day described how the German

1726:(VVKJ), broke through the Italian positions in the Drin River Valley. The "Vardarska" Division, due to the fall of 866: 11779: 5442: 4699: 4683: 4620: 3814: 13560: 13401: 13390: 13226: 12985: 12944: 12837: 12775: 12162: 11432: 11301: 11269: 9429: 9044: 8347: 7434: 6857: 2473: 1882: 1662: 1487: 1483: 744: 743:(May 1941) came after Allied forces had been defeated in mainland Greece. These battles were part of the greater 504: 11949: 11517: 5109: 4959: 4915: 4527: 13946: 13918: 13796: 13589: 12826: 12277: 12203: 11999: 11370: 11089: 10994: 10879: 10442: 10428: 10060: 10028: 9745: 9541: 9443: 8839: 8834: 8587: 8577: 7659: 7338: 6947:. Italo-German Relations in Mediterranean Europe. transl by Adrian Belton. London: Cambridge University Press. 4832: 4667: 4230: 4214: 4182: 3547: 3491: 1785: 1777: 1731: 1686: 1479: 32: 5816: 5291: 5232: 5032: 5004: 4943: 4715: 1338: 14159: 14006: 13939: 13890: 13821: 13646: 13152: 13103: 12867: 12860: 12463: 12224: 12015: 11068: 10725: 10256: 9847: 9032: 7342: 5847: 4636: 4595: 4555: 4499: 3663: 2033: 724: 4432: 4290: 4262: 4198: 4166: 4019: 3991: 3931: 1758:, where it remained until the end of the campaign on 16 April. The Italian armoured division along with the 14154: 14080: 13976: 13351: 13312: 12231: 12066: 12051: 11978: 11957: 11775: 11453: 11239: 11232: 11216: 10927: 10886: 10858: 10773: 10435: 10172: 9776: 9557: 9465: 9355: 9161: 8904: 8674: 8008: 3507: 2296: 2120: 1959: 1915: 1529: 1274: 655: 7395:

Sadkovich, James J. (July 1993). "The Italo-Greek War in Context: Italian Priorities and Axis Diplomacy".

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German air supremacy combined with the inability of the Greeks to provide the RAF with adequate airfields;

1407:

Gap in Yugoslavia. The rapid disintegration of the Yugoslav Army and a German thrust into the rear of the

1145:

concentrated on the Bulgarian–Turkish border to deter Turkey, Greece's Balkan Pact ally from intervening.

932:

During the six-month fight against Italy, the Hellenic army made territorial gains by eliminating Italian

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capable of accommodating the movement of large military units. Two invasion courses were located west of

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area south-west of the gorge and were ordered to hold the western exit possibly for three or four days.

14119: 13841: 13337: 13256: 13201: 13089: 13045: 12695: 12321: 12245: 12147: 12024: 11896: 11889: 11849: 11822: 11554: 11487: 11082: 10893: 10823: 10701: 10681: 10456: 10423: 10418: 9312: 8659: 8526: 2375:, with the double aim of cutting off the British line of retreat and securing their own way across the 2271: 1771: 1067: 600: 528: 1162: 14109: 13743: 13660: 13445: 13305: 13277: 13110: 12805: 12238: 11312: 10966: 10317: 10300: 10288: 9766: 9740: 9735: 8955: 8398: 7358:

Lawlor, Sheila (December 1982). "Greece, March 1941: The Politics of British Military Intervention".

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van Creveld, Martin (1972). "In the Shadow of Barbarossa: Germany and Albania, January–March 1941".

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Absence of a unified command and lack of cooperation between the British, Greek and Yugoslav forces;

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pass and from there to Ioannina. On 13 April, attack aircraft from 21, 23 and 33 Squadrons from the

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was taken and Wavell – in confirmation of verbal instructions – sent his written orders to Wilson.

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to reach Thessaloniki and breach the Metaxas Line, some 60,000 Greek soldiers were taken prisoner.

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During a meeting of British and Greek military and political leaders in Athens on 13 January 1941,

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opposite). German forces occupied the strategically more important areas of Athens, Thessaloniki,

2332:

5,200 men, mostly from the 5th New Zealand Brigade, were evacuated on the night of 24 April, from

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in co-operation with the Greek Army. You will naturally try to save as much material as possible.

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river. Papagos awaited clarification from the Yugoslav government and later proposed to hold the

1347:

Greece's mountainous terrain favored a defensive strategy, while the high ranges of the Rhodope,

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Sadkovich, James J. (October 1994). "Anglo-American bias and the Italo-Greek War of 1940–1941".

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van Creveld, Martin (1974). "Prelude to Disaster: The British Decision to Aid Greece, 1940–41".

5810: 5258: 5119: 5087: 4969: 4842: 4709: 4693: 4677: 4630: 13596: 13489: 13291: 13242: 13145: 13038: 13008: 12791: 12679: 12405: 12196: 11787: 11768: 11738: 11285: 11255: 9624: 9510: 9505: 9292: 9288: 9125: 7628:"Events Marking the Anniversary of the Liberation of the City of Athens from Occupation Troops" 7569: 6752:

Murray, Williamson; Millett, Allan Reed (2000). "Diversions in the Mediterranean and Balkans".

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he was worried but had not informed the Australian Government. He had been told by Wavell that

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Pilavios, Konstantinos (director); Tomai, Fotini (text & presentation) (28 October 2010).

6860:: United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: 14087: 13810: 13653: 13549: 13519: 13475: 13215: 13180: 13173: 13096: 12994: 12435: 12412: 12259: 11870: 11407: 11147: 11133: 10816: 10691: 10576: 10559: 10466: 10327: 9985: 9837: 9619: 9350: 9213: 8751: 8664: 8184: 7310: 7107: 7025: 6877: 5857: 5829: 5463: 5301: 5242: 5047: 5014: 4953: 4925: 4725: 4649: 4614: 4565: 4537: 4509: 4445: 4300: 4272: 4240: 4224: 4208: 4192: 4176: 4036: 4001: 3941: 3869: 3824: 3676: 3560: 3517: 3501: 3289: 2509: 2230: 1990: 1867: 1514: 1499: 1286: 1166: 960: 864:. Greece was subject to increasing pressure from Italy, culminating in the Italian submarine 788:

several days, Allied troops played an important part in containing the German advance on the

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was part of a convoy evacuating about 3,000 British, Australian and New Zealand troops from

2340:, while the 4th New Zealand Brigade remained to block the narrow road to Athens, dubbed the 13911: 13766: 13417: 13374: 13344: 13270: 13080: 13059: 11985: 11462: 11140: 10739: 10602: 10461: 10213: 10198: 9460: 9223: 8726: 8472: 8413: 7333: 2798: 2790: 2222: 2086: 1718:. On 8 April, the Yugoslav vanguard, the "Komski" Cavalry Regiment crossed the treacherous 807: 615: 9000: 8212: 8134:

Sadkovich, James J. (May 1994). "Italian Morale during the Italo-Greek War of 1940–1941".

7936:] (in French). Paris: Centre national de la Recherche scientifique. pp. 181–209. 6041: 1510:

problems were aggravated by the limited availability of shipping and Greek port capacity.

1032:

Hitler decided to intervene on 4 November 1940, four days after British troops arrived at

8: 14029: 13803: 13681: 13637: 13159: 12293: 12059: 11586: 11416: 11400: 11349: 10753: 10597: 10539: 10373: 10368: 10332: 9955: 9913: 9903: 9719: 9562: 9526: 9500: 9475: 9327: 9302: 9268: 9263: 9233: 8844: 8711: 8582: 8247: 2869: 2751: 2633: 2263: 2218: 2050: 2019: 1951: 1669:

Valley. It encountered little resistance, but was delayed by road clearance demolitions,

1655: 1524:—was charged with the execution of Operation Marita. His army was composed of six units: 1455: 1404: 1220: 1026: 951: 760: 684: 452: 8271: 7970:

Tobacco, Arms and Politics: Greece and Germany from World Crisis to World War, 1929–1941

7147:

Swastika over the Acropolis: Re-interpreting the Nazi Invasion of Greece in World War II

6886:

Mussolini als Bundesgenosse. Erinnerungen des deutschen Militärattachés in Rom 1936–1943

14022: 13855: 13780: 13734: 13704: 13612: 13452: 13117: 13001: 12895: 12846: 12784: 12540: 12491: 12300: 11924: 11579: 11377: 10544: 10398: 10378: 10000: 9975: 9960: 9572: 9495: 9490: 9253: 9243: 9238: 9218: 9115: 8716: 8462: 8423: 8122: 7611: 7538: 7512: 7504: 7467: 7459: 7420: 7383: 7184: 6652: 6500: 6474: 2806: 2785: 2672:

would dub Crete "the graveyard of the German paratroopers" and a "disastrous victory."

2610:

launched guerrilla attacks against the occupying forces and set up espionage networks.

2477: 2376: 2042: 1938: 1907: 1719: 1673:

and mud. Nevertheless, the division was able to reach the day's objective, the town of

1429: 1360: 1323: 1282: 1258: 1224: 1129: 1100: 1096: 937: 815: 679: 298: 8164: 7951:

Popular Autocracy in Greece, 1936–41: a Political Biography of General Ioannis Metaxas

7687: 3416: 3042: 14013: 13897: 13787: 13727: 13688: 13621: 13603: 13569: 13512: 13466: 13410: 13235: 12973: 12965: 12902: 12755: 12349: 11881: 11342: 11321: 11031: 10718: 10676: 10617: 10569: 10549: 10352: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10128: 10098: 9995: 9990: 9950: 9945: 9893: 9827: 9822: 9704: 9684: 9567: 9297: 9283: 9278: 9120: 9005: 8909: 8826: 8703: 8617: 8569: 8449: 8393: 8388: 8359: 8040: 8016: 7995: 7973: 7954: 7937: 7911: 7888: 7868: 7851: 7832: 7824: 7810: 7791: 7772: 7663: 7543: 7516: 7496: 7471: 7451: 7424: 7412: 7387: 7375: 7296: 7288: 7266: 7247: 7228: 7209: 7190: 7169: 7150: 7128: 7099: 7076: 7057: 7031: 7010: 6991: 6975: 6948: 6929: 6910: 6893: 6865: 6845: 6831: 6814: 6795: 6776: 6757: 6733: 6708: 6691: 6659: 6636: 6617: 6598: 6560: 6538: 6519: 6486: 6460: 6438: 6419: 6400: 6381: 6362: 6343: 6324: 6318: 6291: 6272: 6252: 6233: 6214: 6195: 6187: 6173: 6154: 6135: 6116: 6098: 6081: 6062: 6033: 6008: 5984: 5962: 5939: 5920: 2575: 2443: 2436: 2082:, an awe-inspiring sense of the futility of all human effort and all human courage." 2054: 1303: 1204: 1113: 840: 736: 720: 518: 293: 181: 9015: 6854:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans Come to the Help of Their Ally (1941)

2691:

The bulk of the Greek army was occupied fighting the Italians on the Albanian front.

1933:

Australian anti-tank gunners resting, soon after their withdrawal from the Vevi area

792:

position, allowing ships to be prepared to evacuate the units defending Greece. The

44: 13932: 13925: 13869: 13533: 13298: 13284: 13187: 13124: 13075: 12888: 12741: 12688: 12498: 12449: 12363: 11593: 11570: 11103: 10261: 10133: 9714: 9709: 9699: 9689: 9651: 9258: 9248: 9101: 9083: 9051: 8654: 8612: 8604: 8599: 8516: 8508: 8503: 8481: 8403: 8378: 8143: 8114: 8091: 7925: 7712: 7533:"Transportation Of The Army To Greece And Evacuation Of The Army From Greece, 1941" 7488: 7443: 7404: 7367: 6002: 5276: 2917: 2794: 2607: 2384: 2371:

On 25 April the Germans staged an airborne operation to seize the bridges over the

2292: 2108: 2090: 1963: 1923: 1919: 1666: 1618:

German advance until 9 April 1941, when the 2nd Panzer Division seized Thessaloniki

1576: 1459: 1375: 1241: 1089:

he coveted. In January 1941, Bulgaria granted the transit rights to the Wehrmacht.

1076: 1059: 1018: 877: 811: 674: 332: 94: 11112: 7073:

A Life of Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham: A Twentieth-Century Naval Leader

6677: 5978: 1614: 1603: 13955: 13667: 13582: 13540: 13438: 13381: 13249: 13031: 13022: 12551: 12133: 12109: 11363: 10607: 10554: 10507: 10494: 10203: 9980: 9970: 9965: 9940: 9842: 9485: 9273: 9010: 8679: 8491: 8457: 8243: 7908:

Hitler's political testament. The Bormann dictations from February and April 1945

7880: 7142: 6111:

Carlton, Eric (1992). "Selective Control: Nazi non-Eastern Occupation Policies".

2760: 2619: 2454: 1560: 1535: 1466:

The Fifth Yugoslav Army took responsibility for the south-eastern border between

1400: 1348: 1070:

issued Directive No. 18, in which they scheduled simultaneous operations against

1011: 846: 740: 667: 540: 14067: 9877: 9055: 8213:"A Great Risk in a Good Cause, Australians in Greece and Crete April – May 1941" 7586: 6577:(1979). "Prelude to the Attack on Russia, 1940–1941". In Görlitz, Walter (ed.). 2697:

Inadequacy of British expeditionary forces, since the force available was small;

1575:

The German plan of attack was influenced by their army's experiences during the

1432:

would fatally compromise withdrawal and evacuation of British and Greek forces.

13962: 13498: 13424: 11476: 11335: 9807: 9694: 9480: 9470: 9096: 9064: 9027: 8856: 8738: 8521: 8238: 8147: 7647: 7492: 7447: 7408: 6574: 6452: 2829: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2348:), the few RAF squadrons left Greece (D'Albiac established his headquarters in 2324: 2204: 2155: 2094: 1978: 1903: 1647: 1472: 1408: 1262: 1253: 1234: 1125: 941: 772: 448: 305: 194: 8294:

The Fate of the Jews in South-Eastern Europe During the First Years of the War

7371: 7098:. Part III. Washington, DC: Army Center of Military History. pp. 70–118. 7027:

The withered vine: logistics and the communist insurgency in Greece, 1945–1949

5418: 2864: On two preceding occasions Hitler had agreed that the Mediterranean and 2541: 2453:

in Crete another Ju 87 attack sank them both. The total number of deaths from

1546: 14103: 13773: 11698: 11547: 11386: 10612: 10592: 10050: 9584: 8791: 8756: 8536: 8303: 8020: 7941: 7904:

Hitlers politisches Testament. Die Bormann Diktate vom Februar und April 1945

7547: 7500: 7455: 7416: 7379: 7103: 6890:

Mussolini as an ally. Memories of the German military attaché in Rome 1936–43

6314: 6310: 5998: 5974: 5915:

Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord (2001). Danchev, Alex; Todman, Daniel (eds.).

5653: 2819: 2730: 2505: 2424: 2372: 2275: 2104: 2075: 1518: 1495: 1467: 1451: 1356: 1307: 1104: 1054: 1015: 756: 321: 285: 280: 274: 159: 10041:

Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)

6102: 6037: 2146: 1178: 14072: 13876: 12176: 12081: 11712: 11075: 10839: 10760: 10347: 9193: 9111: 9106: 9020: 8992: 8987: 8914: 8896: 8891: 8796: 8786: 8778: 8773: 8541: 8531: 7999: 7987: 7949:

Panayiotis, Jerasimof Vatikiotis (1998). "Metaxas Becomes Prime Minister".

6979: 6897: 6818: 6737: 6695: 6582: 5966: 3184: 2972: 2824: 2739: 2734: 2669: 2624: 2485: 2414: 2388: 2268: 2028: 1981:

and Zarkos Forces and finally of Lee Force; Brigadier Harold Charrington's

1539: 1521: 1387: 1383: 1327: 1319: 1315: 1212: 1137: 1133: 1121: 885: 803: 784: 732: 728: 269: 263: 258: 246: 239: 234: 145: 49: 36: 7872: 7855: 6085: 6057:

Bradley, John N.; Buell, Thomas B. (2002). "Why Was Barbarossa Delayed?".

4073: 3603: 2700:

Poor condition of the Hellenic Army and its shortages of modern equipment;

1289:. Air Commodore Sir John D'Albiac commanded British air forces in Greece. 13711: 13697: 13359: 12035: 11856: 11841: 11195: 10564: 10188: 9601: 9039: 7737: 7708: 6962:

Sampatakakis, Theodoros (2008). "From the Invasion to the Capitulation".

6945:

Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation During the Second World War

6590: 6552: 2764: 2763:) country standing between the Axis bloc in the Balkans and the oil-rich 2722: 2595: 2392: 2365: 2337: 2333: 2316: 2099: 2085:

On 20 April, the commander of Greek forces in Albania—Lieutenant General

1902:

tunnel area between Olympus and the sea, the Olympus pass itself and the

1895: 1834: 1821:, which reached the rail line to Thessaloniki on the evening of 7 April. 1814: 1682: 1396: 789: 780: 748: 130: 9596: 8096: 5065: 4369: 3259: 2828:

reports which accurately predicted the initially planned invasion date.

2267:

be withdrawn. Wilson informed Middle East Headquarters and on 17 April,

1207:

aspired to reestablish a Balkan Front comprising Yugoslavia, Greece and

987: 910: 13066: 12819: 12798: 11691: 11024: 10952: 9407: 9071: 8297: 8126: 7329:"'The World Will Hold Its Breath': Reinterpreting Operation Barbarossa" 6673: 2948: 2591: 2234: 1503: 1446: 1416: 1311: 1183: 1081: 7508: 7463: 6732:. Wellington, NZ: War History Branch, Department of Internal Affairs. 6416:

Before Stalingrad : Barbarossa - Hitler's Invasion of Russia 1941

3189: 2476:

units to pursue the Allied forces across the Peloponnese. Driving via

2472:

The erection of a temporary bridge across the Corinth canal permitted

1906:

pass to the south-east. By channelling the attack through these three

1740: 906: 771:, creating a second front. Greece received a small reinforcement from 763:, then a vassal of Italy, from which the Italian troops had attacked. 735:. The Italian invasion in October 1940, which is usually known as the 13329: 12734: 12531: 12342: 12140: 12095: 2976: 2646: 2450: 2404: 2349: 2345: 2184: 2180: 2079: 1942:

across and set up defences. The 21st Battalion was reinforced by the

1810: 1711: 1670: 1623: 1507: 1379: 1371: 1245: 1229: 1216: 1117: 1116:, strongly supported by the chief of the Imperial General Staff, Sir 1093: 1071: 1022: 776: 764: 316: 206: 11616: 8118: 8078:[The Military and Political Crisis in Greece in April 1941] 7263:

Snakes in the Eagle's Nest: A History of Ground Attacks on Air Bases

5141: 4571: 4393: 3907: 2383:), assembled at Ioannina, thrust along the western foothills of the 2249: 2000: 1736: 1689:, taking effect at 13:00 on 10 April. In the three days it took the 1658:

drove westward to link up with the Italians at the Albanian border.

920:

After weeks of inconclusive winter warfare, the Italians launched a

14145:

Battles and operations of World War II involving the United Kingdom

11600: 11328: 9362: 9156: 8076:"Η στρατιωτική και πολιτική κρίση στην Ελλάδα τον Απρίλιο του 1941" 2865: 2642: 2599: 2481: 2176: 2038: 1899: 1854: 1789: 1730:

was forced to halt its operations in Albania. In the meantime, the

1674: 1651: 1627: 1592: 1244:—the transportation of troops and equipment to Greece—began and 26 853: 850: 472: 4743: 3780: 3778: 2668:, Hitler forbade further large-scale airborne operations. General 1929: 914: 902: 10660: 8165:"The Heroes Fight like Greeks—Greece during the Second World War" 7007:

German Elite Forces: 5th Gebrigsjager Division and Brandenburgers

6359:

Written on the Knee: A Diary from the Greek-Italian Front of WWII

4808: 2410: 2353: 2226: 2163: 2071: 1974: 1838: 1715: 1707: 1690: 1643: 1639: 1491: 1425: 1364: 1278: 1249: 1004:

Letter by Adolf Hitler addressed to Mussolini on 20 November 1940

890: 857: 551: 6984:

The Mediterranean, South-East Europe, and North Africa 1939–1942

6595:

Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions that Changed the World, 1940–1941

4381: 4318: 3847: 3150: 3148: 2018:

As the invading Germans advanced deep into Greek territory, the

1622:

At dawn on 6 April, the German armies invaded Greece, while the

12210: 10808: 9782:

Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)

9579: 9228: 8821: 8698: 8564: 8444: 6848:; Flynn, F. C.; Moloney, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2004) . 6730:

Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45

6340:

World War II German Military Studies: The Mediterranean Theater

3837: 3835: 3833: 3790: 3775: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3682: 3639: 2756: 2650: 2638: 2603: 2396: 2357: 2238: 2159: 1881:

the defence. By the morning of 14 April, the spearheads of the

1873: 1850: 1830: 1744: 1727: 1635: 1604:

Thrust across southern Yugoslavia and the drive to Thessaloniki

1352: 1208: 1108: 1037: 894: 881: 797: 7711:: Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd Te Oudehorne. Archived from 6338:

Detwiler, Donald S.; Burdick, Charles; Rohwer, Jurgen (1979).

6232:(3rd ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen and Unwin. 3897: 3895: 3007: 3005: 2045:(RHAF), attacked Italian positions in Albania. That same day, 1844: 1588: 1462:, commander of the New Zealand 2nd Division, in 1941 in Greece 12398: 7052:

Shores, Christopher F.; Cull, Brian; Malizia, Nicola (2008).

6113:

Occupation: The Policies and Practices of Military Conquerors

5835: 5761: 5198: 5196: 4860: 4515: 4306: 3145: 2380: 2283: 2279: 1994: 1748: 1703: 1033: 823: 7261:

Vick, Alan (1995). "The German Airborne Assault on Greece".

6909:(in Greek). transl by Kostas Sarropoulos. Athens: Govostis. 6559:. Non-Classics (reprint ed.). New York: Penguin Books. 5677: 3956:

Balkan Operations – Order of Battle – W-Force – 5 April 1941

3830: 3718: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 1165:

against the Yugoslav government, orders for the campaign in

10016: 9750: 6861: 5778: 5776: 5689: 5665: 5641: 5541: 5394: 5208: 5020: 4655: 4475: 3892: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3802: 3763: 3651: 3615: 3223: 3002: 2225:. According to the most popular account of the events, the 2172: 1950:. This force became known as "Allen force" after Brigadier 1877: 1302:

To enter Northern Greece, the German army had to cross the

16:

Invasion of Greece by Italy and Germany during World War II

6061:. The West Point Military History. Square One Publishers. 5565: 5372: 5370: 5193: 5181: 4116: 3706: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3017: 2352:, Crete) and some 10,200 Australian troops evacuated from 1237:

mobilised and took up positions along the Greek frontier.

1233:

forces began to move into Bulgaria. At the same time, the

1203:

Little more than a month later, the British reconsidered.

10697:

Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance

8233:"Judgement: The Aggression Against Yugoslavia and Greece" 6357:

Electrie, Theodore (2008). Helen Electrie Lindsay (ed.).

5476: 5474: 5472: 5343: 4992: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4731: 4007: 3694: 3443: 3247: 3126: 2501: 2129:

German artillery firing during the advance through Greece

10492: 6658:. European Dictatorships, 1918–1945. London: Routledge. 5773: 5713: 5495: 5493: 5307: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4903: 4891: 4820: 4543: 4463: 4422: 4420: 4405: 4345: 4128: 4090: 4088: 4047: 4045: 3919: 3875: 3455: 3367: 3326: 3324: 3167: 3165: 3163: 2500:

evacuated, while liberating many Italian prisoners from

2327:, Excerpts from his personal diary, 27 and 28 April 1941 14125:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Greece

10299: 6974: 5863: 5701: 5609: 5529: 5517: 5505: 5406: 5382: 5367: 5355: 5319: 5220: 4848: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4357: 4079: 3981: 3979: 3751: 3627: 3609: 3578: 3309: 3112: 3110: 3108: 11470:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

8193:

Peace and War: United States Foreign Policy, 1931–1941

6892:] (in German). Tübingen/Stuttgart: R. Wunderlich. 6455:(2014). "Greece Campaign". In David T. Zabecki (ed.). 6433:

Goldstein, Erik (1992). "Second World War 1939–1945".

6251:. Mazal Holocaust Collection. New York: Viking Adult. 5725: 5430: 5331: 5053: 4931: 4872: 4583: 4487: 4335: 4333: 4061: 3467: 3431: 3379: 3235: 3211: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 2449:

came to her aid, but as the two destroyers headed for

2413:

in the Peloponnese. As the convoy headed south in the

6479:

Hitlers Strategie. Politik und Kriegführung 1940–1941

6337: 5887: 5749: 5553: 5490: 4975: 4784: 4755: 4577: 4451: 4417: 4085: 3964: 3523: 3355: 3321: 3297: 3160: 2990: 2360:. 2,000 more men had to wait until 27 April, because 1642:. This position threatened to encircle the Greeks in 1570: 988:

Hitler's decision to attack and British aid to Greece

739:, was followed by the German invasion in April 1941. 7204:

Titterton, G. A. (2002). "British Evacuate Greece".

7125:

Kiev 1941: Hitler's Battle for Supremacy in the East

6375: 5821: 5819: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5169: 5071: 5039: 5037: 5035: 4796: 4767: 4641: 4639: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 3976: 3739: 3391: 1374:

Line—a short front facing north-eastwards along the

971:

Italian invasion and initial Greek counter-offensive

10505: 7766: 6635:. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. 5875: 5737: 4437: 4435: 4330: 4278: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 3668: 3666: 3552: 3550: 3535: 3074: 9787:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF) 7092:"The German Campaign in Greece (Operation Marita)" 7054:Air War for Yugoslavia, Greece, and Crete, 1940–41 6651: 6516:Occupation and Resistance: The Greek Agony 1941–44 6059:The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean 3566: 3479: 3188: 2688:German superiority in ground forces and equipment; 1696: 1494:. The New Zealand division took position north of 1414:The German strategy was based on using so-called " 455:. British, Australian and New Zealand troops were 9763:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA) 7589:. Air of Authority: A History of RAF Organisation 7096:The German campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941) 7051: 6025:The German Campaigns in the Balkans (Spring 1941) 4814: 4399: 4387: 4324: 3199: 2779: 2417:on the morning of 27 April, it was attacked by a 2308:s response to the Greek proposal on 17 April 1941 2001:Withdrawal and surrender of the Greek Epirus Army 1986:remained under attack throughout the withdrawal. 1937:The New Zealand battalion withdrew, crossing the 1853:. The 50th Infantry Division advanced far beyond 1528:First Panzer Group, under the command of General 14101: 9792:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD) 9532:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO) 8954: 8073: 7531:Admiral Sir Andrew B. Cunningham (19 May 1948). 7141: 7056:(2nd ed.). London: Grub Street Publishing. 5961:] (in German). Oldenburg, Berlin: Stalling. 4749: 4375: 3796: 3784: 3064: 3062: 3060: 1025:, enabling the Greek government to redeploy the 9772:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON) 6844: 6614:Operation Barbarossa 1941 (2): Army Group North 6397:The Kalamata Diary: Greece, War, and Emigration 5788: 4312: 2747:, which might have been concluded during 1941. 2716: 1545:XVIII Mountain Corps, under Lieutenant General 1010:The first British effort was the deployment of 897:. Hostilities with the Greek army began at the 9650: 8346: 8333: 8189:"President Roosevelt to King George of Greece" 7004: 6754:A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War 6376:Fafalios, Maria; Hadjipateras, Costas (1995). 5952: 4521: 3154: 2537:Military history of Greece during World War II 2244: 1173: 14175:Battles of World War II involving New Zealand 10824: 10287: 8319: 8215:. Department of Veterans' Affairs. May 2001. 8162: 6751: 6483:Hitler's Strategy. Politics & War 1940–41 6457:Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History 6288:Kia Kaha: New Zealand in the Second World War 6030:United States Army Center of Military History 5767: 3853: 3841: 3733: 3645: 3057: 2884:United States Army Center of Military History 2703:Inadequate port, road and railway facilities; 1552:XXX Infantry Corps, under Lieutenant General 1277:. The three formations later became known as 1265:etc.), had arrived in Greece, comprising the 1112:Italo-Greek war. The British prime minister, 567: 488: 210: 14150:Mediterranean Sea operations of World War II 7910:] (in German). Hamburg: Albrecht Knaus. 7767:Barber, Laurie; Tonkin-Covell, John (1990). 7570:"Balkan Operations – W-Force – 5 April 1941" 7244:Hitler's Strategy 1940–1941: The Balkan Clue 6970:] (in Greek). Athens: Ch. K. Tegopoulos. 6961: 6883: 6775:. The Slide to Disaster. London: Routledge. 6633:Churchill and the Politics of War, 1940–1941 6320:The Oxford Companion to the Second World War 6056: 5683: 5026: 4481: 3265: 2465:, 11 crew and eight evacuated soldiers from 1888: 1435: 959: 950: 377:United Kingdom, Australia & New Zealand: 66:(1 month, 3 weeks and 5 days) 14130:Battles of World War II involving Australia 10046:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN) 7634:. The Hellenic Radio (ERA). 12 October 2000 7478: 7431: 7286: 7241: 7163: 6923: 6878:Online 1956 edition via Hyperwar Foundation 6616:. Campaign 148. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. 6151:Blitzkrieg in the Balkans & Greece 1941 5671: 5659: 5571: 5313: 4661: 4122: 3712: 3688: 3449: 2965:Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade 2179:. They captured intact large quantities of 1845:Capitulation of the Greek army in Macedonia 1559:L Infantry Corps, under Lieutenant General 1155:Hitler speaking to his Commanders-in-Chief 10831: 10817: 8326: 8312: 7948: 6990:. Vol. III. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 6702: 6505:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6473: 6148: 5914: 5202: 5187: 4351: 3253: 2712:The early collapse of Yugoslav resistance. 2586:and a line of demarcation running through 574: 560: 495: 481: 14135:Battles of World War II involving Germany 10240:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") 10099:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") 10022:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA) 8183: 8133: 8104: 8095: 7862: 7823: 7604:"More Maritime Disasters of World War II" 7394: 7227:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7203: 7127:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 6813:(in Greek). Athens: J.M. Scazikis Alpha. 6721: 6611: 6432: 6208: 6186: 6167: 5841: 5782: 5719: 5627: 5599: 5583: 5480: 5349: 5159: 5131: 5099: 4737: 4549: 4252: 4106: 4051: 3886: 3865: 3820: 3412:More U-boat Aces Hunted down, 1941 Mar 16 3315: 3116: 2963: Although earmarked for Greece, the 2141: 1861: 136: 8060: 7924: 7879: 7804: 7295:. New York: Courier Dover Publications. 7222: 6825: 6532: 6485:] (in German) (3rd ed.). Bonn. 6394: 6356: 6309: 6290:. Auckland, NZ: Oxford. pp. 20–35. 6285: 6230:The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles 4909: 4897: 4363: 3808: 3769: 3757: 3657: 3633: 3621: 3597: 3229: 3217: 2971:were kept by Wavell in Egypt because of 2623: 2540: 2248: 2145: 2124: 2060: 1928: 1795: 1613: 1445: 1442:Order of battle for the Battle of Greece 1337: 1177: 172: 14140:Battles of World War II involving Italy 10071:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI) 10017:National Republican Greek League (EDES) 7972:. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. 7887:. transl Fred Taylor. Hamish Hamilton. 7686:. On War. 16 March 1941. Archived from 7646: 7584: 7530: 7070: 7023: 7005:Sharpe, Michael; Westwell, Ian (2008). 6942: 6904: 6808: 6789: 6770: 6756:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 6705:Australians at War: A Pictorial History 6589: 6513: 6246: 6110: 6092: 5936:Partisans and Guerrillas (World War II) 5869: 5707: 5695: 5647: 5615: 5535: 5523: 5511: 5412: 5400: 5388: 5376: 5361: 5337: 5325: 5254: 5226: 5214: 5175: 5147: 4937: 4854: 4589: 4493: 4426: 4411: 4134: 4067: 3925: 3541: 3473: 3461: 3437: 3385: 3373: 3361: 3330: 3303: 3241: 3139: 3023: 2996: 2435:and setting her on fire. The destroyer 2395:and crossed over to the Peloponnese at 2114: 150: 14102: 12678: 12656:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 7986: 7901: 7785: 7702: 7357: 7327:Hooker, Richard D. Jr. (Spring 1999). 7326: 7309: 7182: 7122: 6630: 6573: 6551: 6451: 6413: 6132:The Defence and Fall of Greece 1940–41 6097:. Athens: P. Efstathiadis & Sons. 5997: 5973: 5953:Bathe, Rolf; Glodschey, Erich (1942). 5933: 5893: 5755: 5743: 5731: 5559: 5547: 5436: 5424: 5270: 5059: 4986: 4885: 4790: 4761: 4457: 4094: 4013: 3985: 3970: 3913: 3901: 3745: 3700: 3529: 3397: 3177: 3171: 3087: 3011: 741:German landings on the island of Crete 13527:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 12959:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 12605:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 12561:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 11666:Rape during the occupation of Germany 10812: 10789:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis? 10642: 10491: 10286: 10029:National and Social Liberation (EKKA) 9756:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN) 9751:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) 9649: 8953: 8345: 8307: 8074:Koliopoulos, Ioannis S. (1976–1977). 8006: 7934:The War in the Mediterranean, 1939–45 7845: 7788:Greece in World War II: To April 1941 7089: 6323:. New York: Oxford University Press. 6271:. Portishead, Bristol: Angela Young. 6265: 6227: 6075: 5499: 4998: 4080:Schreiber, Stegemann & Vogel 2008 3610:Schreiber, Stegemann & Vogel 2008 3205: 3191:Speech to the Reichstag on 4 May 1941 2065:Retreating Greek soldiers, April 1941 1776:The Metaxas Line was defended by the 1306:, which offered few river valleys or 980:14 November 1940 – 23 April 1941 978:Greek counter-offensive and stalemate 555: 476: 12649:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 11681:Rape during the liberation of France 10061:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ) 9833:Protests against labour mobilization 8171:from the original on 31 October 2010 7967: 7930:La guerre en Méditerranée, 1939–1945 7827:(1974). Rhodes James, Robert (ed.). 7542:. No. 38293. pp. 3041–53. 7260: 7206:The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean 6672: 6129: 6028:(reissue ed.). Washington, DC: 6021: 5983:(reissue ed.). Westview Press. 5980:Crete: The Battle and the Resistance 5881: 5853: 5825: 5806: 5459: 5297: 5238: 5115: 5083: 5043: 5010: 4965: 4949: 4921: 4866: 4838: 4826: 4802: 4778: 4721: 4705: 4689: 4673: 4645: 4626: 4610: 4561: 4533: 4505: 4469: 4441: 4339: 4296: 4284: 4268: 4236: 4220: 4204: 4188: 4172: 4032: 3997: 3937: 3672: 3572: 3556: 3513: 3497: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3099: 3041:, Hellenic Air Force, archived from 2526: 2457:was almost 1,000. Only 27 crew from 2344:by the New Zealanders. On 25 April ( 1646:and W Force in the area of Florina, 834: 502: 10250:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing") 8199:from the original on 14 August 2007 6968:Occupation and Resistance 1941–1945 6707:. Noble Park: The Five Mile Press. 6649: 6535:The Australian Army in World War II 6342:. Vol. VI. New York: Garland. 5938:. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books. 4578:Detwiler, Burdick & Rohwer 1979 3485: 3336: 2727:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 13: 12875:German invasion of the Netherlands 11155:Weather events during World War II 8028: 7994:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. 7754: 7727: 7601: 7164:Svolopoulos, Konstantinos (1997). 6380:(in Greek). Athens: Efstathiadis. 6190:(1991) . "Yugoslavia and Greece". 5794: 3183: 3068: 3029: 2743:March offensive. It prolonged the 2613: 2217:The Germans drove straight to the 1626:began an intensive bombardment of 1598: 1571:German plan of attack and assembly 1363:. Although an invading force from 973:28 October – 18 November 1940 876:on 15 August 1940. Italian leader 860:—sought to maintain a position of 581: 14: 14186: 13506:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 10643: 9746:Union of People's Democracy (ELD) 8287: 6684:Australia in the War of 1939–1945 3271: 2628:German paratroopers land in Crete 1756:131st Armored Division "Centauro" 845:At the outbreak of World War II, 14066: 10838: 9155: 9082: 8986: 8890: 8855: 8820: 8772: 8737: 8697: 8598: 8563: 8502: 8443: 8348:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign 8219:from the original on 20 May 2009 8011:. In Kippenberger, H. K. (ed.). 7829:His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963 7769:Freyberg: Churchill's Salamander 7608:Historical Facts of World War II 7280: 6988:Germany and the Second World War 6537:. Elite 153. Osprey Publishing. 6170:Steel Fist: Tank Warfare 1939–45 5264: 5072:Fafalios & Hadjipateras 1995 2442:rescued about 600 survivors and 1989:On the morning of 18 April, the 1760:18th Infantry Division "Messina" 806:later blamed the failure of his 326: 315: 304: 292: 279: 268: 257: 245: 233: 212: 199: 187: 174: 152: 138: 43: 9741:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE) 9736:Communist Party of Greece (KKE) 9430:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos 8107:The Journal of Military History 7587:"Air Marshal Sir John D'Albiac" 7481:Journal of Contemporary History 7435:Journal of Contemporary History 7397:Journal of Contemporary History 7106:. DA Pam 20–260. Archived from 6858:History of the Second World War 6686:. Vol. II. Canberra, ACT: 6192:Memoirs of the Second World War 6040:. CMH Pub 104-4. Archived from 4815:Shores, Cull & Malizia 2008 4400:Shores, Cull & Malizia 2008 4388:Shores, Cull & Malizia 2008 4325:Shores, Cull & Malizia 2008 4140: 3947: 3403: 2709:Turkey's strict neutrality; and 1765: 1697:Greek-Yugoslav counteroffensive 13753:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 11463:Territorial changes of Germany 11371:Indonesian National Revolution 9542:Greek National Socialist Party 9537:National Union of Greece (EEE) 8840:Central Macedonia Army Section 8835:Eastern Macedonia Army Section 8588:Western Macedonia Army Section 7790:. Sunflower University Press. 7680:"More U-boat Aces Hunted down" 7660:Old Parliament House, Canberra 7339:United States Army War College 7246:. Cambridge University Press. 7030:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 6964:Katohi kai Antistasi 1941–1945 6811:The Battle of Greece 1940–1941 6078:Winston Churchill: A Biography 5427:, Crete, Battle of; George II. 2780:Impact on Operation Barbarossa 2675: 2653:. During the night of 24 May, 1778:Eastern Macedonia Army Section 1732:Western Macedonia Army Section 1687:Eastern Macedonia Army Section 1480:Central Macedonia Army Section 814:'s failed conquest of Greece. 115:by Germany, Italy and Bulgaria 1: 13153:Japanese invasion of Thailand 13104:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 12868:German invasion of Luxembourg 11249:Mediterranean and Middle East 10257:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe 8156: 8054: 7524: 7189:. New York: Stein & Day. 6792:Albania in Occupation and War 6395:Faingold, Eduardo D. (2010). 6093:Buckley, Christopher (1984). 6076:Broad, Charlie Lewis (1958). 5902: 4148:"Disaster in Piraeus Harbour" 2657:were evacuated from Crete to 2034:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler 1297: 1186:, Egypt, embarking for Greece 1120:, and the Foreign Secretary, 1014:(RAF) squadrons commanded by 759:was on the Greek border with 456: 13060:Invasion of the Soviet Union 12749:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 12067:Independent State of Croatia 10119:Execution of Josef Salminger 8956:Occupation and collaboration 7024:Shrader, Charles R. (1999). 6809:Papagos, Alexandros (1949). 6585:. New York: Stein & Day. 6399:. Rowman & Littlefield. 6378:Greece 1940–41: Eyewitnessed 6286:Crawford, John, ed. (2000). 6209:Churchill, Winston (1991) . 6194:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 6080:. New York: Hawthorn Books. 6007:. New York: Back Bay Books. 5150:, pp. 566–567, 580–581. 4750:Stockings & Hancock 2013 4376:Stockings & Hancock 2013 3797:Stockings & Hancock 2013 3785:Stockings & Hancock 2013 3268:, pp. 90, 92–93, 98–99. 2984: 2955: 2939: 2927: 2901: 2891: 2874: 2856: 2842: 2717:Criticism of British actions 2655:George II and his government 2521: 2121:Battle of Thermopylae (1941) 1780:, led by Lieutenant General 1275:British 1st Armoured Brigade 808:invasion of the Soviet Union 7: 14170:April 1941 events in Europe 14044:End of World War II in Asia 13884:Western invasion of Germany 13391:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 13368:Second Battle of El Alamein 12938:Hundred Regiments Offensive 12910:Battle of the Mediterranean 12763:Italian invasion of Albania 10937:Air warfare of World War II 10493:Liberation and road to the 10155:Expulsion of Cham Albanians 9413:Jewish cemetery of Salonica 9264:Cephalonia (Acqui Division) 7831:. Chelsea House Publisher. 7805:Bosworth, R. J. B. (2002). 7562: 7320: 7287:Eggenberger, David (1985). 7168:(in Greek). Athens: Estia. 7145:; Hancock, Eleanor (2013). 6884:von Rintelen, Enno (1951). 6828:A Military History of Italy 6579:In the Service of the Reich 6266:Crabb, Brian James (2021). 3350:(timeline), World War-2.net 2245:Evacuation of Empire forces 1538:, under Lieutenant General 1411:position was not expected. 1333: 1174:British Expeditionary Force 1066:On 12 November, the German 75:Greece and southern Albania 64:6 April 1941 – 1 June 1941 10: 14191: 13970:Naval bombardment of Japan 13338:First Battle of El Alamein 13257:Battle of Christmas Island 13202:Japanese invasion of Burma 12966:Italian invasion of Greece 12882:German invasion of Belgium 12854:German invasion of Denmark 12827:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 12696:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 10960:Comparative military ranks 10726:Captain Corelli's Mandolin 10682:Holocaust Museum of Greece 9318:Larissa concentration camp 9313:Haidari concentration camp 8527:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca 8335:Greece during World War II 8148:10.1179/072924794794954323 8039:. Danbury: Grolier. 2000. 8037:The Encyclopedia Americana 8007:Wards, Ian McLean (1952). 7760: 7734:World War II Commemoration 7684:Chronology of World War II 7493:10.1177/002200947400900303 7448:10.1177/002200947200700313 7409:10.1177/002200949302800303 7293:An Encyclopedia of Battles 7242:van Crevald, Alan (1973). 7223:Weinberg, Gerhard (2005). 6926:Leni Riefenstahl: A Memoir 6924:Riefenstahl, Leni (1987). 6905:Richter, Heinz A. (1998). 6703:Macdougall, A. K. (2004). 6612:Kirchubel, Robert (2005). 6134:. Pen and Sword Military. 5934:Bailey, Robert H. (1979). 4522:Sharpe & Westwell 2008 3155:Bathe & Glodschey 1942 2975:'s successful thrust into 2815:Barbarossa's launch date. 2617: 2602:; and on 12 June, most of 2530: 2118: 1944:Australian 2/2nd Battalion 1865: 1772:Battle of the Metaxas Line 1769: 1607: 1439: 1322:. This system of concrete 1292: 1140:joined by the Luftwaffe's 838: 829: 14059: 13891:Bratislava–Brno offensive 13831: 13822:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 13559: 13446:Allied invasion of Sicily 13400: 13306:Aleutian Islands campaign 13278:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 13225: 13216:Greek famine of 1941–1944 13111:Second Battle of Changsha 13016:German invasion of Greece 12984: 12861:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 12836: 12774: 12669: 12550: 12276: 12186: 12034: 11737: 11728: 11486: 11311: 11203:North and Central Pacific 11164: 10926: 10919: 10846: 10710: 10687:Kalavryta Massacre Museum 10669: 10653: 10649: 10638: 10585: 10515: 10501: 10487: 10407: 10361: 10310: 10295: 10289:Greek government-in-exile 10282: 10227: 10181: 10167: 10147: 10086: 10009: 9933: 9926: 9899:5/42 Regiment dissolution 9886: 9800: 9728: 9677: 9666: 9662: 9645: 9612: 9550: 9519: 9453: 9442: 9423:Expropriation of property 9398:Bulgarian-occupied Greece 9388: 9336: 9206: 9153: 9080: 8984: 8975: 8966: 8962: 8949: 8888: 8853: 8818: 8809: 8770: 8735: 8695: 8688: 8647: 8634: 8596: 8561: 8554: 8500: 8441: 8434: 8371: 8358: 8354: 8341: 8009:"Panzer Attack in Greece" 7863:Ėrlikhman, Vadim (1946). 7809:. London: Hodder Arnold. 7736:. Grolier. Archived from 7372:10.1017/s0018246x00021294 7183:Thomas, David A. (1972). 7071:Simpson, Michael (2004). 6722:McClymont, W. G. (1959). 6414:Glantz, David M. (2003). 6247:Collier, Richard (1971). 6168:Cawthorne, Nigel (2003). 6022:Blau, George E. (1986) . 5768:Murray & Millett 2000 3854:Murray & Millett 2000 3842:Murray & Millett 2000 3734:Murray & Millett 2000 3646:Murray & Millett 2000 2868:were exclusively Italian 2533:Axis occupation of Greece 2047:heavy fighting took place 1918:under Lieutenant Colonel 1889:Olympus and Servia passes 1800:German infantry in Greece 1436:Defence and attack forces 1281:, after their commander, 1068:Armed Forces High Command 1047:French National Committee 705:German invasion of Greece 591: 514: 444: 393: 338: 226: 123: 113:Axis occupation of Greece 56: 42: 30: 25: 13483:Allied invasion of Italy 13460:Solomon Islands campaign 13209:Third Battle of Changsha 12806:First Battle of Changsha 12712:Second Sino-Japanese War 11652:German military brothels 11518:United States war crimes 10768:The 11th Day: Crete 1941 10523:National Bands Agreement 10384:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 10169:British Military Mission 9777:National Solidarity (EA) 9346:Greek economy, 1941–1944 9060:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller 8875:2nd New Zealand Division 8419:Italian spring offensive 7846:Ciano, Galeazzo (1946). 7341:: 150–64. Archived from 7186:Nazi Victory: Crete 1941 7166:The Greek Foreign Policy 6943:Rodogno, Davide (2006). 6650:Lee, Stephen J. (2000). 6149:Carruthers, Bob (2012). 5908: 5684:Bradley & Buell 2002 5662:, Greece (World War II). 4869:, pp. 218–219, 226. 4378:, pp. 153, 183–184. 3415:, On War, archived from 2836: 2784:In 1942, members of the 1724:Royal Yugoslav Air Force 1679:19th Mechanised Division 1271:New Zealand 2nd Division 13905:Second Guangxi campaign 13760:Philippines (1944–1945) 13264:Battle of the Coral Sea 13167:Fall of the Philippines 12813:Battle of South Guangxi 12719:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 12125:Italian Social Republic 10702:Thessaloniki War Museum 10394:Christodoulos Tsigantes 10389:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos 10219:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz 8880:6th Australian Division 8722:Konstantinos Bakopoulos 8468:Charalambos Katsimitros 8268:Australian War Memorial 7585:Barrass, M. B. (2013). 7289:"Greece (World War II)" 6826:Paoletti, Ciro (2007). 6771:Neville, Peter (2003). 6688:Australian War Memorial 6679:Greece, Crete and Syria 6631:Lawlor, Sheila (1994). 6533:Johnston, Mark (2013). 6518:. New York: Pella Pub. 6435:Wars and Peace Treaties 6172:. Arcturus Publishing. 5955:Der Kampf um den Balkan 2882: According to the 2568: Italian territory 2429:Sturzkampfgeschwader 77 2229:soldier on guard duty, 1833:. Most fortresses—like 1825:Division advanced from 1782:Konstantinos Bakopoulos 1478:On 28 March, the Greek 1450:Lieutenant General Sir 1267:6th Australian Division 1259:Palestine Pioneer Corps 1248:arrived at the port of 1182:Australian soldiers in 899:Battle of Elaia–Kalamas 719:), were the attacks on 99:The Holocaust in Greece 13490:Armistice of Cassibile 13292:Battle of Dutch Harbor 13243:Battle of the Java Sea 13146:Attack on Pearl Harbor 13046:Syria–Lebanon campaign 13039:Battle of South Shanxi 13009:Invasion of Yugoslavia 12792:Battle of the Atlantic 12406:Korean Liberation Army 12119:(until September 1943) 12076:(until September 1944) 12054:(until September 1944) 9878:Killing of Franz Krech 9625:Executions of Kokkinia 9511:Dionysios Papadongonas 9506:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos 8920:1st Parachute Division 8639:(April–May 1941) 8487:Dimitrios Papadopoulos 8185:Roosevelt, Franklin D. 8035:"Campaign in Greece". 8013:Episodes & Studies 7902:Hitler, Adolf (1981). 7705:"Slamat Commemoration" 7360:The Historical Journal 7265:. Santa Monica: Rand. 7123:Stahel, David (2012). 7090:Smith, A. C. (1986) . 7009:. London: Compendium. 6907:Greece in World War II 6790:Pearson, Owen (2006). 6597:. London: Allen Lane. 6514:Hondros, John (1983). 6361:. Mighty Media Press. 5273:"Slamat Commemoration" 3344:"Southern Europe 1940" 3287:"Greece, History of". 2817: 2745:North African campaign 2629: 2570: 2519: 2321: 2301: 2255: 2215: 2200: 2151: 2142:German drive on Athens 2130: 2066: 2010: 1977:to Thermopylae of the 1934: 1862:Breakthrough to Kozani 1801: 1632:73rd Infantry Division 1619: 1610:Invasion of Yugoslavia 1517:—under the command of 1463: 1422:invasion of Yugoslavia 1344: 1195: 1187: 1152: 1080:northern coast of the 1001: 964: 955: 785:Metaxas defensive line 751:and their associates. 716: 453:Mandatory Palestinians 227:Commanders and leaders 13654:Second Battle of Guam 13550:Bengal famine of 1943 13520:Second Battle of Kiev 13476:Battle of the Dnieper 13181:Battle of Wake Island 13053:East African campaign 12995:Battle of South Henan 12640:atrocities by Germans 12413:Korean Volunteer Army 11394:Occupation of Germany 11148:Music in World War II 10603:Archbishop Damaskinos 10560:Percentages agreement 9986:Konstantinos Ventiris 9373:Occupation Reichsmark 8925:5th Mountain Division 8752:Henry Maitland Wilson 8578:8th Infantry Division 7968:Pelt, Mogens (1998). 7786:Bitzes, John (1989). 7208:. London: Routledge. 6928:. New York: Picador. 6654:Dictatorship in Italy 6437:. London: Routledge. 6228:Clark, Chris (2010). 6095:Greece and Crete 1941 5917:War Diaries 1939–1945 3916:, Greece, History of. 2812: 2627: 2618:Further information: 2544: 2531:Further information: 2514: 2403:The Dutch troop ship 2313: 2289: 2252: 2231:Konstantinos Koukidis 2210: 2190: 2162:to seize the port of 2149: 2128: 2119:Further information: 2064: 2005: 1991:Battle of Tempe Gorge 1932: 1868:Battle of Vevi (1941) 1819:6th Mountain Division 1807:5th Mountain Division 1799: 1784:) and comprising the 1770:Further information: 1617: 1449: 1440:Further information: 1341: 1287:Henry Maitland Wilson 1190: 1181: 1148: 992: 963: 954: 856:of Greece and former 839:Further information: 820:North African theatre 796:reached the capital, 433:British Commonwealth: 394:Casualties and losses 252:Maximilian von Weichs 14160:Invasions by Germany 13940:Surrender of Germany 13418:Battle of West Hubei 13375:Guadalcanal campaign 13345:Battle of Stalingrad 13271:Battle of Madagascar 12045:Albania protectorate 11832:(formerly Swaziland) 11541:Wehrmacht war crimes 11357:Expulsion of Germans 11141:Art and World War II 11039:British contribution 10988:Governments in exile 10775:The Guns of Navarone 10740:Ill Met by Moonlight 10419:3rd Mountain Brigade 10214:George Psychoundakis 10199:Patrick Leigh Fermor 9863:Pinerolo disarmament 9461:Georgios Tsolakoglou 8870:1st Armoured Brigade 8862:British Commonwealth 8744:British Commonwealth 8727:Georgios Tsolakoglou 8473:Konstantinos Davakis 7690:on 30 September 2007 7652:"The Greek campaign" 6978:; Stegemann, Bernd; 6557:The Second World War 6211:The Second World War 6004:The Second World War 5550:, pp. 936, 945. 4313:Playfair et al. 1962 3691:, pp. 285, 288. 3419:on 30 September 2007 3230:Dear & Foot 1995 3026:, pp. 119, 144. 2791:Operation Barbarossa 2297:Thermopylae position 2276:Charles Edward Turle 2115:Thermopylae position 2087:Georgios Tsolakoglou 1983:1st Armoured Brigade 1163:Yugoslav coup d'état 870:sinking the cruiser 707:, also known as the 14155:Invasions of Greece 14030:Potsdam Declaration 13919:Italy (Spring 1945) 13682:Liberation of Paris 13139:Siege of Sevastopol 12157:(until August 1944) 12060:Wang Jingwei regime 11882:from September 1943 11842:from September 1944 11780:from September 1944 11640:Romanian war crimes 11631:Persecution of Jews 11617:Croatian war crimes 11587:Japanese war crimes 11401:Occupation of Japan 11350:First Indochina War 11062:Military production 10974:Declarations of war 10754:Ipolochagos Natassa 10598:Georgios Papandreou 10374:Emmanouil Tsouderos 10245:Operation "Animals" 10235:Operation "Albumen" 9956:Komninos Pyromaglou 9914:Red Terror (Greece) 9858:1943 Athens protest 9823:Gorgopotamos Bridge 9720:Evripidis Bakirtzis 9668:National Liberation 9563:Alcibiades Diamandi 9527:Security Battalions 9501:George S. Mercouris 9476:Sotirios Gotzamanis 9418:Baron Hirsch ghetto 9045:XXII Mountain Corps 8845:Epirus Army Section 8583:Epirus Army Section 8187:(5 December 1940). 8097:10.12681/mnimon.174 8069:(91e année). Paris. 7666:on 9 September 2006 7614:on 1 September 2007 7312:Helios encyclopedia 6475:Hillgruber, Andreas 6130:Carr, John (2013). 5844:, pp. 439–464. 5698:, pp. 639–640. 5650:, pp. 638–639. 5403:, pp. 616–617. 5217:, pp. 584–585. 5074:, pp. 248–249. 5001:, pp. 188–189. 4829:, pp. 225–226. 4472:, pp. 206–207. 4402:, pp. 228–229. 4082:, pp. 494–496. 4016:, pp. 191–192. 3856:, pp. 102–103. 3811:, pp. 215–216. 3772:, pp. 216–219. 3703:, pp. 154–155. 3660:, pp. 213–214. 3624:, pp. 211–214. 3612:, pp. 183–186. 3232:, pp. 102–106. 3142:, pp. 595–597. 3102:, pp. 182–183. 3045:on 12 December 2008 2967:and the Australian 2870:spheres of interest 2474:5th Panzer Division 2264:Freddie de Guingand 2020:Epirus Army Section 1883:9th Panzer Division 1663:2nd Panzer Division 1656:9th Panzer Division 1515:German Twelfth Army 1130:Battle of Gallipoli 1027:5th Cretan Division 880:was irritated that 52:'s attack on Greece 14165:Invasions by Italy 14023:Surrender of Japan 13856:Battle of Iwo Jima 13705:Belgrade offensive 13118:Siege of Leningrad 13002:Battle of Shanggao 12931:British Somaliland 12896:Dunkirk evacuation 12847:Norwegian campaign 12785:Invasion of Poland 12612:Japanese prisoners 11580:Italian war crimes 11511:British war crimes 11426:Soviet occupations 11210:South-West Pacific 11097:Allied cooperation 11055:Military equipment 10692:Kalpaki War Museum 10545:Lebanon Conference 10411:in the Middle East 10409:Greek Armed Forces 10399:Pafsanias Katsotas 10379:Sofoklis Venizelos 10066:Hellenic Army (ES) 10001:Kimonas Zografakis 9976:Vasileios Sachinis 9961:Antonis Fosteridis 9927:Non-EAM resistance 9592:Cham collaboration 9573:Vassilis Rapotikas 9496:Nikolaos Bourantas 9491:Friedrich Schubert 9466:K. Logothetopoulos 9116:Carlo Vecchiarelli 8717:Alexandros Papagos 8463:Alexandros Papagos 8250:on 13 October 2007 7825:Churchill, Winston 7740:on 5 February 2007 7730:"Balkan Campaigns" 7572:. Orders of Battle 7539:The London Gazette 7110:on 27 January 2010 6976:Schreiber, Gerhard 6418:. Stroud: Tempus. 6304:The Balkan dilemma 6188:Churchill, Winston 5959:The Balkans Battle 3959:, Orders of Battle 3648:, pp. 98–108. 2807:Basil Liddell Hart 2786:British Parliament 2733:, or to withstand 2632:On 25 April 1941, 2630: 2571: 2455:the three sinkings 2256: 2152: 2131: 2093:and major general 2067: 2043:Hellenic Air Force 1935: 1802: 1720:Accursed Mountains 1620: 1500:anti-aircraft guns 1464: 1456:Australian I Corps 1430:Isthmus of Corinth 1345: 1283:Lieutenant-General 1225:Alexandros Koryzis 1188: 1101:Commander-in-Chief 1097:Alexandros Papagos 965: 956: 816:Andreas Hillgruber 717:Unternehmen Marita 299:Alexandros Papagos 14120:Conflicts in 1941 14097: 14096: 14055: 14054: 13898:Battle of Okinawa 13797:Burma (1944–1945) 13631:Mariana and Palau 13411:Tunisian campaign 13236:Fall of Singapore 13160:Fall of Hong Kong 12903:Battle of Britain 12756:Operation Himmler 12665: 12664: 12329:Dutch East Indies 11972:Southern Rhodesia 11724: 11723: 11624:Genocide of Serbs 11527:German war crimes 11504:Soviet war crimes 11497:Allied war crimes 11343:Division of Korea 11322:Chinese Civil War 11120:Strategic bombing 11032:Manhattan Project 10806: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10719:Aera! Aera! Aera! 10677:Athens War Museum 10634: 10633: 10630: 10629: 10626: 10625: 10618:Nikos Zachariadis 10570:Treaty of Varkiza 10555:Operation "Manna" 10550:Caserta Agreement 10483: 10482: 10479: 10478: 10475: 10474: 10338:April 1944 mutiny 10278: 10277: 10274: 10273: 10270: 10269: 10204:Bill Stanley Moss 10163: 10162: 10114:Skala Paramythias 9991:Manolis Paterakis 9951:Dimitrios Psarros 9946:Georgios Kartalis 9922: 9921: 9894:Feneos executions 9705:Alexandros Svolos 9685:Aris Velouchiotis 9641: 9640: 9637: 9636: 9633: 9632: 9568:Nicolaos Matussis 9438: 9437: 9323:200 of Kaisariani 9202: 9201: 9033:LXVIII Army Corps 9006:Hermann Neubacher 9001:Günther Altenburg 8945: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8910:XXXX Panzer Corps 8805: 8804: 8630: 8629: 8626: 8625: 8550: 8549: 8363:(1940–1941) 8360:Greco-Italian War 8046:978-0-7172-0133-4 7979:978-87-7289-450-8 7960:978-0-7146-4869-9 7926:Kitsikis, Dimitri 7917:978-3-81355-111-2 7894:978-0-241-10893-2 7838:978-0-8352-0693-8 7816:978-0-340-73144-4 7797:978-0-89745-093-5 7778:978-1-86941-052-0 7715:on 6 January 2014 7302:978-0-486-24913-1 7272:978-0-8330-1629-4 7253:978-052-120-143-8 7234:978-0-521-61826-7 7215:978-0-7146-5205-4 7196:978-0-8128-1559-7 7175:978-960-05-0432-3 7156:9-789-004-254-572 7149:. Leiden: Brill. 7134:978-1-107-01459-6 7082:978-0-7146-5197-2 7063:978-0-948817-07-6 7037:978-0-275-96544-0 7016:978-1-905573-89-9 6997:978-0-19-822884-4 6954:978-0-521-84515-1 6935:978-0-312-11926-3 6916:978-960-270-789-0 6871:978-1-845740-66-5 6846:Playfair, I. S. O 6837:978-0-275-98505-9 6801:978-1-84511-104-5 6782:978-0-415-24989-8 6763:978-0-674-00680-5 6714:978-1-86503-865-0 6665:978-0-415-23045-2 6642:978-0-521-46685-1 6623:978-1-84176-857-1 6604:978-0-7139-9712-5 6566:978-0-14-303573-2 6544:978-184-603-123-6 6525:978-0-918618-19-1 6492:978-3-76375-923-1 6444:978-0-415-07822-1 6425:978-0-7524-2692-1 6406:978-073-912-890-9 6387:978-960-226-533-8 6368:978-097-982-493-7 6349:978-0-8240-4312-4 6330:978-0-19-866225-9 6278:978-1-527271-01-2 6258:978-0-670-28603-4 6239:978-1-74237-335-5 6220:9-781-472-520-890 6213:. A&C Black. 6201:978-0-395-59968-6 6179:978-184-858-430-3 6160:978-178-158-121-6 6141:9-781-7815-918-19 6122:978-0-415-05846-9 6068:978-0-7570-0160-4 6014:978-0-316-02374-0 5990:978-0-8133-2080-9 5945:978-0-8094-2490-0 5919:. Phoenix Press. 5279:on 6 January 2014 5027:Sampatakakis 2008 4752:, pp. 81–82. 4482:Sampatakakis 2008 4414:, pp. 30–33. 4137:, pp. 40–45. 3928:, pp. 86–87. 3464:, pp. 29–30. 3376:, pp. 18–20. 3266:von Rintelen 1951 2608:resistance groups 2576:Central Macedonia 2527:Triple occupation 2055:Regia Aeronautica 2013:Winston Churchill 1960:2/11th battalions 1946:and later by the 1304:Rhodope Mountains 1223:, Prime Minister 1211:, and instructed 1205:Winston Churchill 1198:Winston Churchill 1114:Winston Churchill 1029:to the mainland. 985: 984: 981: 974: 938:Eastern Macedonia 922:counter-offensive 841:Greco-Italian War 835:Greco-Italian War 737:Greco-Italian War 698: 697: 549: 548: 519:Greco-Italian War 471: 470: 119: 118: 14182: 14110:Battle of Greece 14090: 14083: 14076: 14073:World portal 14071: 14070: 14046: 14039: 14032: 14025: 14016: 14009: 14002: 13993: 13986: 13979: 13972: 13965: 13958: 13949: 13942: 13935: 13933:Prague offensive 13928: 13926:Battle of Berlin 13921: 13914: 13907: 13900: 13893: 13886: 13879: 13872: 13870:Vienna offensive 13865: 13858: 13851: 13849:Battle of Manila 13844: 13824: 13815: 13806: 13799: 13790: 13783: 13776: 13769: 13762: 13755: 13748: 13739: 13730: 13723: 13714: 13707: 13700: 13693: 13684: 13677: 13670: 13663: 13656: 13649: 13642: 13633: 13626: 13617: 13608: 13599: 13592: 13590:Korsun–Cherkassy 13585: 13574: 13552: 13543: 13536: 13529: 13522: 13515: 13508: 13501: 13492: 13485: 13478: 13471: 13462: 13455: 13448: 13441: 13434: 13432:Bombing of Gorky 13427: 13420: 13413: 13393: 13386: 13377: 13370: 13363: 13354: 13347: 13340: 13333: 13322: 13315: 13308: 13301: 13299:Battle of Midway 13294: 13287: 13285:Battle of Gazala 13280: 13273: 13266: 13259: 13252: 13245: 13238: 13218: 13211: 13204: 13197: 13195:Battle of Borneo 13190: 13188:Malayan campaign 13183: 13176: 13169: 13162: 13155: 13148: 13141: 13134: 13132:Bombing of Gorky 13127: 13125:Battle of Moscow 13120: 13113: 13106: 13099: 13092: 13085: 13069: 13062: 13055: 13048: 13041: 13034: 13025: 13018: 13011: 13004: 12997: 12977: 12968: 12961: 12954: 12947: 12940: 12933: 12926: 12919: 12912: 12905: 12898: 12891: 12889:Battle of France 12884: 12877: 12870: 12863: 12856: 12849: 12829: 12822: 12815: 12808: 12801: 12794: 12787: 12765: 12758: 12751: 12744: 12742:Munich Agreement 12737: 12730: 12721: 12714: 12707: 12698: 12691: 12676: 12675: 12658: 12651: 12642: 12635: 12628: 12627:Soviet prisoners 12621: 12614: 12607: 12598: 12591: 12582: 12575: 12568: 12567:German prisoners 12563: 12543: 12534: 12527: 12520: 12515: 12508: 12501: 12494: 12487: 12480: 12473: 12466: 12459: 12452: 12445: 12438: 12431: 12424: 12415: 12408: 12401: 12394: 12387: 12380: 12373: 12366: 12359: 12352: 12345: 12338: 12331: 12324: 12317: 12310: 12303: 12296: 12289: 12269: 12262: 12255: 12248: 12241: 12234: 12227: 12220: 12213: 12206: 12199: 12179: 12172: 12165: 12158: 12150: 12143: 12136: 12127: 12120: 12112: 12105: 12103:French Indochina 12098: 12091: 12084: 12077: 12069: 12062: 12055: 12047: 12027: 12018: 12011: 12002: 11995: 11988: 11981: 11974: 11967: 11960: 11953: 11950:from August 1944 11941: 11934: 11927: 11920: 11913: 11906: 11899: 11892: 11885: 11873: 11866: 11859: 11852: 11845: 11833: 11825: 11818: 11811: 11804: 11797: 11790: 11783: 11771: 11764: 11757: 11750: 11735: 11734: 11715: 11708: 11701: 11694: 11687: 11676: 11661: 11654: 11647: 11642: 11633: 11626: 11619: 11610: 11603: 11596: 11594:Nanjing Massacre 11589: 11582: 11573: 11571:Nuremberg trials 11564: 11557: 11550: 11543: 11536: 11529: 11520: 11513: 11506: 11499: 11479: 11472: 11465: 11456: 11449: 11442: 11435: 11428: 11421: 11412: 11403: 11396: 11389: 11382: 11373: 11366: 11359: 11352: 11345: 11338: 11331: 11324: 11304: 11295: 11288: 11281: 11272: 11265: 11258: 11251: 11242: 11235: 11228: 11219: 11212: 11205: 11198: 11191: 11184: 11177: 11175:Asia and Pacific 11157: 11150: 11143: 11136: 11129: 11122: 11115: 11106: 11104:Mulberry harbour 11099: 11092: 11085: 11078: 11071: 11064: 11057: 11050: 11041: 11034: 11027: 11018: 11011: 11004: 10997: 10990: 10983: 10976: 10969: 10962: 10955: 10946: 10939: 10924: 10923: 10912: 10905: 10896: 10889: 10882: 10875: 10868: 10861: 10854: 10833: 10826: 10819: 10810: 10809: 10651: 10650: 10640: 10639: 10536: 10513: 10512: 10503: 10502: 10489: 10488: 10308: 10307: 10301:Greek government 10297: 10296: 10284: 10283: 10262:Damasta sabotage 10179: 10178: 9931: 9930: 9767:National Council 9715:Markos Vafeiadis 9710:Ilias Tsirimokos 9700:Georgios Siantos 9690:Stefanos Sarafis 9675: 9674: 9664: 9663: 9647: 9646: 9451: 9450: 9444:Collaborationist 9381: 9190: 9178: 9160: 9159: 9134: 9102:Pellegrino Ghigi 9087: 9086: 9052:Alexander Andrae 8991: 8990: 8982: 8981: 8973: 8972: 8964: 8963: 8951: 8950: 8905:XVIII Army Corps 8895: 8894: 8860: 8859: 8825: 8824: 8816: 8815: 8777: 8776: 8762:Bernard Freyberg 8742: 8741: 8702: 8701: 8693: 8692: 8655:Operation Lustre 8645: 8644: 8640: 8603: 8602: 8568: 8567: 8559: 8558: 8517:Benito Mussolini 8507: 8506: 8482:Ioannis Pitsikas 8448: 8447: 8439: 8438: 8369: 8368: 8364: 8356: 8355: 8343: 8342: 8328: 8321: 8314: 8305: 8304: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8270:. Archived from 8259: 8257: 8255: 8246:. Archived from 8228: 8226: 8224: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8180: 8178: 8176: 8151: 8130: 8101: 8099: 8081: 8070: 8063:Revue Historique 8050: 8024: 8003: 7983: 7964: 7945: 7921: 7898: 7885:Diaries, 1939–41 7881:Goebbels, Joseph 7876: 7859: 7842: 7820: 7801: 7782: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7728:Ziemke, Earl F. 7724: 7722: 7720: 7703:van Lierde, Ed. 7699: 7697: 7695: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7662:. Archived from 7643: 7641: 7639: 7623: 7621: 7619: 7610:. Archived from 7602:Duncan, George. 7598: 7596: 7594: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7520: 7475: 7428: 7391: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7316: 7306: 7276: 7257: 7238: 7219: 7200: 7179: 7160: 7143:Stockings, Craig 7138: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7086: 7075:. London: Cass. 7067: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7020: 7001: 6971: 6958: 6939: 6920: 6901: 6875: 6850:Butler, J. R. M. 6841: 6822: 6805: 6786: 6767: 6748: 6746: 6744: 6718: 6699: 6669: 6657: 6646: 6627: 6608: 6586: 6581:. Translated by 6570: 6548: 6529: 6510: 6504: 6496: 6470: 6466:978-159-884-9806 6448: 6429: 6410: 6391: 6372: 6353: 6334: 6301: 6282: 6262: 6243: 6224: 6205: 6183: 6164: 6145: 6126: 6106: 6089: 6072: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6018: 5994: 5970: 5949: 5930: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5851: 5845: 5839: 5833: 5823: 5814: 5804: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5780: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5672:Riefenstahl 1987 5669: 5663: 5660:Eggenberger 1985 5657: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5625: 5619: 5613: 5607: 5597: 5591: 5581: 5575: 5572:van Creveld 1974 5569: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5539: 5533: 5527: 5521: 5515: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5488: 5478: 5467: 5457: 5440: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5365: 5359: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5314:Eggenberger 1985 5311: 5305: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5275:. Archived from 5271:van Lierde, Ed. 5268: 5262: 5252: 5246: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5191: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5129: 5123: 5113: 5107: 5097: 5091: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5041: 5030: 5024: 5018: 5008: 5002: 4996: 4990: 4984: 4973: 4963: 4957: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4919: 4913: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4889: 4883: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4846: 4836: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4765: 4759: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4719: 4713: 4703: 4697: 4687: 4681: 4671: 4665: 4662:van Crevald 1973 4659: 4653: 4643: 4634: 4624: 4618: 4608: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4575: 4569: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4439: 4430: 4424: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4266: 4260: 4250: 4244: 4234: 4228: 4218: 4212: 4202: 4196: 4186: 4180: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4150:. Archived from 4144: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4123:Svolopoulos 1997 4120: 4114: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4049: 4040: 4030: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3974: 3968: 3962: 3960: 3951: 3945: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3899: 3890: 3884: 3873: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3828: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3716: 3713:Svolopoulos 1997 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3689:Svolopoulos 1997 3686: 3680: 3670: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3554: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3511: 3505: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3450:van Creveld 1972 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3365: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3284: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3158: 3152: 3143: 3137: 3124: 3114: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3072: 3066: 3055: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3000: 2994: 2958: 2942: 2930: 2918:Balkan Peninsula 2904: 2894: 2877: 2859: 2845: 2795:Leni Riefenstahl 2569: 2567: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2549: 2385:Pindus Mountains 2328: 2309: 2307: 2260:Archibald Wavell 2233:, took down the 2207: 2109:prisoners of war 2091:Ioannis Pitsikas 2014: 1924:Italian 9th Army 1885:reached Kozani. 1577:Battle of France 1530:Ewald von Kleist 1482:—comprising the 1460:Bernard Freyberg 1376:Vermio Mountains 1242:Operation Lustre 1199: 1156: 1077:Francisco Franco 1060:Archibald Wavell 1005: 977: 970: 947: 946: 913:and the port of 878:Benito Mussolini 745:Balkans Campaign 713:Operation Marita 709:Battle of Greece 586: 576: 569: 562: 553: 552: 509: 507: 506:Balkans campaign 497: 490: 483: 474: 473: 461: 458: 430:270,000 captured 384:200–300 aircraft 333:Bernard Freyberg 331: 330: 320: 319: 309: 308: 301: 297: 296: 284: 283: 273: 272: 262: 261: 254: 250: 249: 238: 237: 222: 218: 216: 215: 205: 203: 202: 193: 191: 190: 184: 180: 178: 177: 162: 158: 156: 155: 148: 144: 142: 141: 95:Greek Resistance 58: 57: 47: 33:Balkans Campaign 26:Battle of Greece 23: 22: 14190: 14189: 14185: 14184: 14183: 14181: 14180: 14179: 14100: 14099: 14098: 14093: 14086: 14079: 14065: 14063: 14051: 14042: 14035: 14028: 14021: 14012: 14005: 13998: 13989: 13984:Atomic bombings 13982: 13975: 13968: 13961: 13954: 13945: 13938: 13931: 13924: 13917: 13910: 13903: 13896: 13889: 13882: 13875: 13868: 13861: 13854: 13847: 13840: 13827: 13820: 13809: 13802: 13795: 13786: 13779: 13772: 13765: 13758: 13751: 13742: 13733: 13726: 13717: 13710: 13703: 13696: 13687: 13680: 13675:Eastern Romania 13673: 13668:Warsaw Uprising 13666: 13661:Tannenberg Line 13659: 13652: 13647:Western Ukraine 13645: 13636: 13629: 13620: 13611: 13602: 13595: 13588: 13577: 13568: 13555: 13548: 13539: 13532: 13525: 13518: 13511: 13504: 13497: 13488: 13481: 13474: 13465: 13458: 13451: 13444: 13439:Battle of Kursk 13437: 13430: 13423: 13416: 13409: 13396: 13389: 13380: 13373: 13366: 13357: 13350: 13343: 13336: 13327: 13318: 13311: 13304: 13297: 13290: 13283: 13276: 13269: 13262: 13255: 13250:St Nazaire Raid 13248: 13241: 13234: 13221: 13214: 13207: 13200: 13193: 13186: 13179: 13172: 13165: 13158: 13151: 13144: 13137: 13130: 13123: 13116: 13109: 13102: 13095: 13088: 13074: 13065: 13058: 13051: 13044: 13037: 13032:Anglo-Iraqi War 13030: 13023:Battle of Crete 13021: 13014: 13007: 13000: 12993: 12980: 12971: 12964: 12957: 12952:Eastern Romania 12950: 12943: 12936: 12929: 12922: 12915: 12908: 12901: 12894: 12887: 12880: 12873: 12866: 12859: 12852: 12845: 12832: 12825: 12818: 12811: 12804: 12797: 12790: 12783: 12770: 12761: 12754: 12747: 12740: 12733: 12726: 12717: 12710: 12703: 12694: 12687: 12661: 12654: 12647: 12638: 12631: 12626: 12617: 12610: 12603: 12594: 12587: 12578: 12571: 12566: 12559: 12546: 12539: 12530: 12523: 12518: 12513:Western Ukraine 12511: 12504: 12497: 12490: 12483: 12476: 12469: 12462: 12457:Northeast China 12455: 12448: 12441: 12434: 12427: 12420: 12411: 12404: 12397: 12390: 12383: 12376: 12369: 12362: 12355: 12348: 12341: 12334: 12327: 12320: 12313: 12306: 12299: 12292: 12285: 12272: 12265: 12258: 12251: 12244: 12237: 12230: 12223: 12216: 12209: 12202: 12195: 12182: 12175: 12168: 12163:Slovak Republic 12161: 12153: 12146: 12139: 12134:Empire of Japan 12132: 12123: 12115: 12108: 12101: 12094: 12087: 12080: 12072: 12065: 12058: 12050: 12043: 12030: 12023: 12014: 12007: 11998: 11991: 11984: 11977: 11970: 11963: 11956: 11944: 11937: 11930: 11923: 11916: 11909: 11902: 11895: 11888: 11876: 11869: 11862: 11855: 11848: 11836: 11828: 11821: 11814: 11807: 11800: 11793: 11786: 11774: 11767: 11760: 11753: 11746: 11720: 11711: 11704: 11697: 11690: 11679: 11664: 11657: 11650: 11646:Sexual violence 11645: 11638: 11629: 11622: 11615: 11606: 11599: 11592: 11585: 11578: 11569: 11560: 11553: 11546: 11539: 11532: 11525: 11516: 11509: 11502: 11495: 11482: 11475: 11468: 11461: 11452: 11445: 11438: 11431: 11424: 11415: 11406: 11399: 11392: 11385: 11376: 11369: 11364:Greek Civil War 11362: 11355: 11348: 11341: 11334: 11327: 11320: 11307: 11300: 11291: 11284: 11277: 11268: 11261: 11254: 11247: 11238: 11231: 11224: 11215: 11208: 11201: 11194: 11189:South-East Asia 11187: 11180: 11173: 11160: 11153: 11146: 11139: 11132: 11125: 11118: 11111: 11102: 11095: 11088: 11081: 11074: 11067: 11060: 11053: 11048:Military awards 11046: 11037: 11030: 11023: 11014: 11007: 11000: 10993: 10986: 10979: 10972: 10965: 10958: 10951: 10942: 10935: 10915: 10908: 10901: 10892: 10885: 10878: 10873: 10864: 10857: 10850: 10842: 10837: 10807: 10794: 10711:Popular culture 10706: 10665: 10645: 10622: 10608:Georgios Grivas 10581: 10530: 10528:Plaka agreement 10497: 10471: 10410: 10403: 10357: 10302: 10291: 10266: 10223: 10194:Monty Woodhouse 10159: 10143: 10082: 10005: 9981:Lela Karagianni 9971:Ilias Degiannis 9966:Kostas Perrikos 9941:Napoleon Zervas 9918: 9882: 9853:Kournovo Tunnel 9796: 9724: 9669: 9658: 9629: 9608: 9546: 9515: 9486:Georgios Poulos 9445: 9434: 9384: 9375: 9368:Compulsory loan 9338: 9332: 9198: 9184: 9182:Trifon Trifonov 9172: 9154: 9149: 9138:VIII Army Corps 9128: 9081: 9076: 9011:Walter Schimana 8985: 8977: 8968: 8958: 8929: 8889: 8884: 8854: 8849: 8819: 8801: 8771: 8766: 8736: 8731: 8696: 8684: 8638: 8637: 8636:German invasion 8622: 8597: 8592: 8562: 8546: 8501: 8496: 8492:Georgios Kosmas 8458:Ioannis Metaxas 8442: 8430: 8362: 8361: 8350: 8337: 8332: 8290: 8277: 8275: 8262: 8253: 8251: 8244:Yale Law School 8231: 8222: 8220: 8211: 8202: 8200: 8174: 8172: 8159: 8154: 8136:War and Society 8119:10.2307/2944271 8079: 8057: 8047: 8034: 8031: 7992:Remember Greece 7980: 7961: 7918: 7895: 7839: 7817: 7798: 7779: 7763: 7757: 7755:Further reading 7752: 7743: 7741: 7718: 7716: 7693: 7691: 7678: 7669: 7667: 7648:Menzies, Robert 7637: 7635: 7632:News in English 7626: 7617: 7615: 7592: 7590: 7575: 7573: 7568: 7565: 7552: 7550: 7527: 7442:(3/4): 22–230. 7348: 7346: 7323: 7303: 7283: 7273: 7254: 7235: 7225:A World At Arms 7216: 7197: 7176: 7157: 7135: 7113: 7111: 7083: 7064: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7017: 6998: 6955: 6936: 6917: 6872: 6838: 6802: 6783: 6764: 6742: 6740: 6715: 6666: 6643: 6624: 6605: 6575:Keitel, Wilhelm 6567: 6545: 6526: 6498: 6497: 6493: 6467: 6445: 6426: 6407: 6388: 6369: 6350: 6331: 6298: 6279: 6259: 6240: 6221: 6202: 6180: 6161: 6142: 6123: 6069: 6047: 6045: 6044:on 19 June 2009 6015: 5991: 5946: 5927: 5911: 5905: 5900: 5892: 5888: 5880: 5876: 5868: 5864: 5852: 5848: 5840: 5836: 5824: 5817: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5789: 5781: 5774: 5766: 5762: 5754: 5750: 5742: 5738: 5730: 5726: 5718: 5714: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5670: 5666: 5658: 5654: 5646: 5642: 5626: 5622: 5614: 5610: 5598: 5594: 5582: 5578: 5570: 5566: 5558: 5554: 5546: 5542: 5534: 5530: 5522: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5498: 5491: 5479: 5470: 5458: 5443: 5435: 5431: 5423: 5419: 5411: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5375: 5368: 5360: 5356: 5348: 5344: 5336: 5332: 5324: 5320: 5312: 5308: 5296: 5292: 5282: 5280: 5269: 5265: 5253: 5249: 5237: 5233: 5225: 5221: 5213: 5209: 5203:Macdougall 2004 5201: 5194: 5188:Macdougall 2004 5186: 5182: 5174: 5170: 5158: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5130: 5126: 5114: 5110: 5098: 5094: 5082: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5054: 5042: 5033: 5025: 5021: 5009: 5005: 4997: 4993: 4985: 4976: 4964: 4960: 4948: 4944: 4936: 4932: 4920: 4916: 4908: 4904: 4896: 4892: 4884: 4873: 4865: 4861: 4853: 4849: 4837: 4833: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4801: 4797: 4789: 4785: 4777: 4768: 4760: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4736: 4732: 4720: 4716: 4704: 4700: 4688: 4684: 4672: 4668: 4660: 4656: 4644: 4637: 4625: 4621: 4609: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4576: 4572: 4560: 4556: 4548: 4544: 4532: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4504: 4500: 4492: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4456: 4452: 4440: 4433: 4425: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4398: 4394: 4386: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4352:Carruthers 2012 4350: 4346: 4338: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4295: 4291: 4283: 4279: 4267: 4263: 4251: 4247: 4235: 4231: 4219: 4215: 4203: 4199: 4187: 4183: 4171: 4167: 4157: 4155: 4154:on 2 April 2015 4146: 4145: 4141: 4133: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4105: 4101: 4093: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4066: 4062: 4050: 4043: 4031: 4020: 4012: 4008: 3996: 3992: 3984: 3977: 3969: 3965: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3936: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3912: 3908: 3900: 3893: 3885: 3876: 3864: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3840: 3831: 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3776: 3768: 3764: 3756: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3732: 3719: 3711: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3687: 3683: 3671: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3555: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3512: 3508: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3472: 3468: 3460: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3380: 3372: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3286: 3285: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3254:Hillgruber 1993 3252: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3182: 3178: 3170: 3161: 3153: 3146: 3138: 3127: 3115: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3086: 3075: 3067: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3010: 3003: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2952: 2936: 2921: 2900: 2887: 2873: 2855: 2839: 2782: 2719: 2678: 2665:Fliegerdivision 2622: 2620:Battle of Crete 2616: 2614:Battle of Crete 2565: 2564: 2562: Bulgarian 2559: 2558: 2553: 2552: 2547: 2546: 2539: 2529: 2524: 2510:Merchant Marine 2461:, 20 crew from 2330: 2323: 2311: 2305: 2303: 2272:Baillie-Grohman 2247: 2221:and raised the 2209: 2202: 2144: 2123: 2117: 2016: 2012: 2003: 1891: 1870: 1864: 1847: 1774: 1768: 1699: 1612: 1606: 1601: 1599:German invasion 1573: 1561:Georg Lindemann 1536:XL Panzer Corps 1454:, commander of 1444: 1438: 1401:British Cabinet 1336: 1308:mountain passes 1300: 1295: 1201: 1197: 1176: 1158: 1154: 1012:Royal Air Force 1007: 1003: 990: 979: 972: 847:Ioannis Metaxas 843: 837: 832: 701: 700: 699: 694: 587: 582: 580: 550: 545: 510: 505: 503: 501: 462: 459: 446: 440:13,958 captured 439: 437: 435: 431: 429: 427: 425: 423: 416: 414: 412: 408: 406: 404: 402: 385: 383: 381: 379: 375: 373: 363: 361: 359: 357: 353: 351: 349: 347: 325: 324: 314: 313: 303: 302: 291: 290: 278: 277: 267: 266: 256: 255: 244: 243: 242: 232: 213: 211: 209: 200: 198: 197: 188: 186: 185: 175: 173: 171: 153: 151: 149: 139: 137: 135: 108: 90: 76: 65: 48: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14188: 14178: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14115:1941 in Greece 14112: 14095: 14094: 14092: 14091: 14084: 14077: 14060: 14057: 14056: 14053: 14052: 14050: 14049: 14048: 14047: 14040: 14033: 14019: 14018: 14017: 14003: 14000:South Sakhalin 13996: 13995: 13994: 13980: 13973: 13966: 13959: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13936: 13929: 13922: 13915: 13908: 13901: 13894: 13887: 13880: 13873: 13866: 13859: 13852: 13845: 13837: 13835: 13829: 13828: 13826: 13825: 13818: 13817: 13816: 13800: 13793: 13792: 13791: 13777: 13770: 13763: 13756: 13749: 13740: 13731: 13724: 13715: 13708: 13701: 13694: 13685: 13678: 13671: 13664: 13657: 13650: 13643: 13634: 13627: 13618: 13609: 13600: 13593: 13586: 13575: 13565: 13563: 13557: 13556: 13554: 13553: 13546: 13545: 13544: 13537: 13523: 13516: 13509: 13502: 13495: 13494: 13493: 13479: 13472: 13463: 13456: 13449: 13442: 13435: 13428: 13425:Battle of Attu 13421: 13414: 13406: 13404: 13398: 13397: 13395: 13394: 13387: 13378: 13371: 13364: 13355: 13348: 13341: 13334: 13325: 13324: 13323: 13316: 13302: 13295: 13288: 13281: 13274: 13267: 13260: 13253: 13246: 13239: 13231: 13229: 13223: 13222: 13220: 13219: 13212: 13205: 13198: 13191: 13184: 13177: 13174:Battle of Guam 13170: 13163: 13156: 13149: 13142: 13135: 13128: 13121: 13114: 13107: 13100: 13097:Battle of Kiev 13093: 13086: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13056: 13049: 13042: 13035: 13028: 13027: 13026: 13012: 13005: 12998: 12990: 12988: 12982: 12981: 12979: 12978: 12969: 12962: 12955: 12948: 12941: 12934: 12927: 12920: 12913: 12906: 12899: 12892: 12885: 12878: 12871: 12864: 12857: 12850: 12842: 12840: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12830: 12823: 12816: 12809: 12802: 12795: 12788: 12780: 12778: 12772: 12771: 12769: 12768: 12767: 12766: 12759: 12752: 12745: 12738: 12724: 12723: 12722: 12715: 12701: 12700: 12699: 12684: 12682: 12673: 12667: 12666: 12663: 12662: 12660: 12659: 12652: 12645: 12644: 12643: 12636: 12624: 12623: 12622: 12608: 12601: 12600: 12599: 12596:United Kingdom 12592: 12585: 12584: 12583: 12564: 12556: 12554: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12544: 12537: 12536: 12535: 12528: 12516: 12509: 12502: 12495: 12488: 12481: 12474: 12467: 12460: 12453: 12446: 12439: 12432: 12425: 12418: 12417: 12416: 12409: 12395: 12388: 12381: 12374: 12367: 12360: 12353: 12346: 12339: 12332: 12325: 12318: 12311: 12304: 12297: 12290: 12282: 12280: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12270: 12263: 12256: 12249: 12242: 12235: 12228: 12221: 12214: 12207: 12200: 12192: 12190: 12184: 12183: 12181: 12180: 12173: 12166: 12159: 12151: 12144: 12137: 12130: 12129: 12128: 12113: 12106: 12099: 12092: 12085: 12078: 12070: 12063: 12056: 12048: 12040: 12038: 12032: 12031: 12029: 12028: 12021: 12020: 12019: 12005: 12004: 12003: 12000:British Empire 11993:United Kingdom 11989: 11982: 11975: 11968: 11961: 11954: 11942: 11935: 11928: 11921: 11914: 11907: 11900: 11893: 11886: 11874: 11867: 11860: 11853: 11846: 11834: 11826: 11819: 11812: 11809:Czechoslovakia 11805: 11798: 11791: 11784: 11772: 11765: 11758: 11751: 11743: 11741: 11732: 11726: 11725: 11722: 11721: 11719: 11718: 11717: 11716: 11709: 11706:Rape of Manila 11702: 11695: 11688: 11677: 11662: 11655: 11643: 11636: 11635: 11634: 11627: 11613: 11612: 11611: 11604: 11597: 11583: 11576: 11575: 11574: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11558: 11544: 11537: 11523: 11522: 11521: 11514: 11507: 11492: 11490: 11484: 11483: 11481: 11480: 11477:United Nations 11473: 11466: 11459: 11458: 11457: 11450: 11443: 11436: 11422: 11413: 11404: 11397: 11390: 11383: 11374: 11367: 11360: 11353: 11346: 11339: 11336:Decolonization 11332: 11325: 11317: 11315: 11309: 11308: 11306: 11305: 11298: 11297: 11296: 11282: 11275: 11274: 11273: 11266: 11259: 11245: 11244: 11243: 11236: 11222: 11221: 11220: 11213: 11206: 11199: 11192: 11185: 11170: 11168: 11162: 11161: 11159: 11158: 11151: 11144: 11137: 11130: 11123: 11116: 11109: 11108: 11107: 11100: 11086: 11079: 11072: 11065: 11058: 11051: 11044: 11043: 11042: 11028: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11012: 11009:United Kingdom 11005: 10991: 10984: 10977: 10970: 10963: 10956: 10949: 10948: 10947: 10932: 10930: 10921: 10917: 10916: 10914: 10913: 10906: 10899: 10898: 10897: 10890: 10883: 10871: 10870: 10869: 10855: 10847: 10844: 10843: 10836: 10835: 10828: 10821: 10813: 10804: 10803: 10800: 10799: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10792: 10785: 10784: 10783: 10771: 10764: 10757: 10750: 10749: 10748: 10736: 10735: 10734: 10722: 10714: 10712: 10708: 10707: 10705: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10673: 10671: 10667: 10666: 10664: 10663: 10657: 10655: 10647: 10646: 10636: 10635: 10632: 10631: 10628: 10627: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10589: 10587: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10579: 10574: 10573: 10572: 10562: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10525: 10519: 10517: 10510: 10499: 10498: 10485: 10484: 10481: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10469: 10467:336th Squadron 10464: 10462:335th Squadron 10459: 10454: 10447: 10440: 10433: 10430:Vasilissa Olga 10426: 10421: 10415: 10413: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10369:King George II 10365: 10363: 10359: 10358: 10356: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10314: 10312: 10311:Events/Battles 10305: 10293: 10292: 10280: 10279: 10276: 10275: 10272: 10271: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10253: 10252: 10242: 10237: 10231: 10229: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10209:Themis Marinos 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10185: 10183: 10176: 10165: 10164: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10157: 10151: 10149: 10145: 10144: 10142: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10090: 10088: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10080: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10037: 10036: 10026: 10025: 10024: 10013: 10011: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10003: 9998: 9996:Petrakogiorgis 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9937: 9935: 9928: 9924: 9923: 9920: 9919: 9917: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9808:Drama uprising 9804: 9802: 9798: 9797: 9795: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9760: 9759: 9758: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9732: 9730: 9726: 9725: 9723: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9695:Andreas Tzimas 9692: 9687: 9681: 9679: 9672: 9660: 9659: 9643: 9642: 9639: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9628: 9627: 9622: 9616: 9614: 9610: 9609: 9607: 9606: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9589: 9588: 9587: 9577: 9576: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9554: 9552: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9523: 9521: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9481:Georgios Bakos 9478: 9473: 9471:Ioannis Rallis 9468: 9463: 9457: 9455: 9448: 9440: 9439: 9436: 9435: 9433: 9432: 9427: 9426: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9400: 9394: 9392: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9382: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9359: 9358: 9348: 9342: 9340: 9334: 9333: 9331: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9210: 9208: 9204: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9196: 9191: 9179: 9166: 9164: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9147: 9146: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9126:III Army Corps 9123: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9097:Angelico Carta 9093: 9091: 9078: 9077: 9075: 9074: 9069: 9068: 9067: 9065:Fortress Crete 9049: 9048: 9047: 9037: 9036: 9035: 9028:Hellmuth Felmy 9025: 9024: 9023: 9016:Alexander Löhr 9013: 9008: 9003: 8997: 8995: 8979: 8970: 8960: 8959: 8947: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8939: 8938: 8935: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8901: 8899: 8886: 8885: 8883: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8866: 8864: 8851: 8850: 8848: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8831: 8829: 8813: 8807: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8783: 8781: 8768: 8767: 8765: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8748: 8746: 8733: 8732: 8730: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8712:King George II 8708: 8706: 8690: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8670:Kleisoura Pass 8667: 8662: 8657: 8651: 8649: 8642: 8632: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8620: 8615: 8609: 8607: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8574: 8572: 8556: 8552: 8551: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8522:Galeazzo Ciano 8519: 8513: 8511: 8498: 8497: 8495: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8454: 8452: 8436: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8427: 8426: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8375: 8373: 8366: 8352: 8351: 8339: 8338: 8331: 8330: 8323: 8316: 8308: 8302: 8301: 8289: 8288:External links 8286: 8285: 8284: 8274:on 6 June 2007 8260: 8239:Avalon Project 8229: 8209: 8181: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8152: 8131: 8102: 8071: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8051: 8045: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8025: 8004: 7984: 7978: 7965: 7959: 7946: 7922: 7916: 7899: 7893: 7877: 7860: 7843: 7837: 7821: 7815: 7802: 7796: 7783: 7777: 7771:. Hutchinson. 7762: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7725: 7700: 7676: 7644: 7624: 7599: 7582: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7559: 7537:Supplement to 7526: 7523: 7522: 7521: 7476: 7429: 7403:(3): 439–464. 7392: 7366:(4): 933–946. 7355: 7322: 7319: 7318: 7317: 7307: 7301: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7271: 7258: 7252: 7239: 7233: 7220: 7214: 7201: 7195: 7180: 7174: 7161: 7155: 7139: 7133: 7120: 7087: 7081: 7068: 7062: 7049: 7036: 7021: 7015: 7002: 6996: 6972: 6959: 6953: 6940: 6934: 6921: 6915: 6902: 6881: 6870: 6842: 6836: 6823: 6806: 6800: 6794:. I.B.Tauris. 6787: 6781: 6768: 6762: 6749: 6719: 6713: 6700: 6670: 6664: 6647: 6641: 6628: 6622: 6609: 6603: 6587: 6571: 6565: 6549: 6543: 6530: 6524: 6511: 6491: 6471: 6465: 6449: 6443: 6430: 6424: 6411: 6405: 6392: 6386: 6373: 6367: 6354: 6348: 6335: 6329: 6315:Foot, M. R. D. 6311:Dear, I. C. B. 6307: 6296: 6283: 6277: 6263: 6257: 6244: 6238: 6225: 6219: 6206: 6200: 6184: 6178: 6165: 6159: 6153:. Coda Books. 6146: 6140: 6127: 6121: 6108: 6090: 6073: 6067: 6054: 6019: 6013: 5999:Beevor, Antony 5995: 5989: 5975:Beevor, Antony 5971: 5950: 5944: 5931: 5925: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5886: 5874: 5872:, p. 317. 5862: 5846: 5842:Sadkovich 1993 5834: 5815: 5799: 5787: 5783:Titterton 2002 5772: 5770:, p. 105. 5760: 5748: 5736: 5734:, p. 158. 5724: 5720:Kirchubel 2005 5712: 5710:, p. 640. 5700: 5688: 5686:, p. 101. 5676: 5674:, p. 295. 5664: 5652: 5640: 5628:McClymont 1959 5620: 5618:, p. 338. 5608: 5600:McClymont 1959 5592: 5584:McClymont 1959 5576: 5564: 5552: 5540: 5538:, p. 633. 5528: 5526:, p. 138. 5516: 5514:, p. 624. 5504: 5502:, p. 113. 5489: 5481:McClymont 1959 5468: 5441: 5439:, p. 231. 5429: 5417: 5415:, p. 136. 5405: 5393: 5391:, p. 616. 5381: 5379:, p. 615. 5366: 5364:, p. 602. 5354: 5352:, p. 419. 5350:Churchill 2013 5342: 5330: 5328:, p. 595. 5318: 5306: 5290: 5263: 5247: 5231: 5229:, p. 584. 5219: 5207: 5205:, p. 195. 5192: 5190:, p. 194. 5180: 5168: 5160:McClymont 1959 5152: 5140: 5132:McClymont 1959 5124: 5108: 5100:McClymont 1959 5092: 5076: 5064: 5062:, p. 166. 5052: 5031: 5019: 5003: 4991: 4974: 4958: 4942: 4930: 4914: 4912:, p. 133. 4902: 4900:, p. 193. 4890: 4888:, p. 158. 4871: 4859: 4857:, p. 113. 4847: 4831: 4819: 4817:, p. 248. 4807: 4805:, p. 214. 4795: 4783: 4781:, p. 225. 4766: 4754: 4742: 4740:, p. 199. 4738:Churchill 2013 4730: 4714: 4698: 4682: 4666: 4664:, p. 162. 4654: 4635: 4619: 4594: 4582: 4570: 4554: 4550:Cawthorne 2003 4542: 4526: 4514: 4498: 4486: 4474: 4462: 4450: 4431: 4416: 4404: 4392: 4390:, p. 213. 4380: 4368: 4366:, p. 178. 4356: 4344: 4342:, p. 162. 4329: 4327:, p. 237. 4317: 4305: 4289: 4287:, p. 211. 4277: 4261: 4253:McClymont 1959 4245: 4229: 4213: 4197: 4181: 4165: 4139: 4127: 4125:, p. 290. 4115: 4107:McClymont 1959 4099: 4097:, p. 168. 4084: 4072: 4070:, p. 115. 4060: 4052:McClymont 1959 4041: 4018: 4006: 3990: 3975: 3973:, p. 127. 3963: 3946: 3930: 3918: 3906: 3891: 3889:, p. 420. 3887:Churchill 1991 3874: 3866:McClymont 1959 3858: 3846: 3844:, p. 103. 3829: 3821:McClymont 1959 3813: 3801: 3799:, p. 560. 3789: 3787:, p. 558. 3774: 3762: 3760:, p. 219. 3750: 3738: 3736:, p. 102. 3717: 3715:, p. 288. 3705: 3693: 3681: 3662: 3650: 3638: 3636:, p. 211. 3626: 3614: 3602: 3600:, p. 213. 3577: 3565: 3546: 3534: 3532:, p. 167. 3522: 3506: 3490: 3488:, p. 146. 3478: 3476:, p. 165. 3466: 3454: 3442: 3440:, p. 119. 3430: 3402: 3390: 3388:, p. 122. 3378: 3366: 3354: 3335: 3320: 3316:Goldstein 1992 3308: 3296: 3270: 3258: 3256:, p. 506. 3246: 3244:, p. 178. 3234: 3222: 3210: 3198: 3176: 3174:, p. 563. 3159: 3157:, p. 246. 3144: 3125: 3117:McClymont 1959 3104: 3092: 3073: 3056: 3028: 3016: 3001: 2999:, p. 180. 2988: 2986: 2983: 2925: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2830:Jack P. Greene 2781: 2778: 2773:Prime Minister 2725:, (who became 2718: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2677: 2674: 2634:King George II 2615: 2612: 2588:Alexandroupoli 2580:Aegean islands 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2425:Junkers Ju 87s 2325:Robert Menzies 2312: 2288: 2246: 2243: 2203:Field Marshal 2189: 2143: 2140: 2116: 2113: 2095:Georgios Bakos 2051:Kleisoura pass 2004: 2002: 1999: 1916:21st Battalion 1890: 1887: 1863: 1860: 1846: 1843: 1767: 1764: 1698: 1695: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1543: 1533: 1473:Western Thrace 1437: 1434: 1378:and the lower 1335: 1332: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1235:Bulgarian Army 1189: 1175: 1172: 1147: 1126:Robert Menzies 991: 989: 986: 983: 982: 975: 967: 966: 957: 942:Western Thrace 836: 833: 831: 828: 696: 695: 693: 692: 687: 682: 677: 671: 670: 664: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 621:Kleisoura Pass 618: 613: 608: 603: 597: 596: 595:Greek mainland 592: 589: 588: 584:Greek campaign 579: 578: 571: 564: 556: 547: 546: 544: 543: 538: 533: 532: 531: 521: 515: 512: 511: 500: 499: 492: 485: 477: 469: 468: 467:on 4 May 1941. 460: 58,000. 442: 441: 426:42,485 wounded 418: 415:10,752 wounded 407:25,067 missing 405:63,142 wounded 396: 395: 391: 390: 368: 341: 340: 336: 335: 288: 229: 228: 224: 223: 195:United Kingdom 163: 126: 125: 121: 120: 117: 116: 110: 104: 103: 102: 101: 89: 88: 84: 82: 78: 77: 74: 72: 68: 67: 62: 54: 53: 40: 39: 28: 27: 21: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14187: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14107: 14105: 14089: 14085: 14082: 14078: 14075: 14074: 14069: 14062: 14061: 14058: 14045: 14041: 14038: 14034: 14031: 14027: 14026: 14024: 14020: 14015: 14011: 14010: 14008: 14007:Kuril Islands 14004: 14001: 13997: 13992: 13988: 13987: 13985: 13981: 13978: 13974: 13971: 13967: 13964: 13960: 13957: 13953: 13948: 13944: 13943: 13941: 13937: 13934: 13930: 13927: 13923: 13920: 13916: 13913: 13909: 13906: 13902: 13899: 13895: 13892: 13888: 13885: 13881: 13878: 13874: 13871: 13867: 13864: 13860: 13857: 13853: 13850: 13846: 13843: 13839: 13838: 13836: 13834: 13830: 13823: 13819: 13814: 13813: 13808: 13807: 13805: 13801: 13798: 13794: 13789: 13785: 13784: 13782: 13778: 13775: 13774:Syrmian Front 13771: 13768: 13764: 13761: 13757: 13754: 13750: 13747: 13746: 13741: 13738: 13737: 13732: 13729: 13725: 13722: 13721: 13720:Market Garden 13716: 13713: 13709: 13706: 13702: 13699: 13695: 13692: 13691: 13686: 13683: 13679: 13676: 13672: 13669: 13665: 13662: 13658: 13655: 13651: 13648: 13644: 13641: 13640: 13635: 13632: 13628: 13625: 13624: 13619: 13616: 13615: 13610: 13607: 13606: 13601: 13598: 13594: 13591: 13587: 13584: 13580: 13579:Monte Cassino 13576: 13573: 13572: 13567: 13566: 13564: 13562: 13558: 13551: 13547: 13542: 13538: 13535: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13524: 13521: 13517: 13514: 13510: 13507: 13503: 13500: 13496: 13491: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13480: 13477: 13473: 13470: 13469: 13464: 13461: 13457: 13454: 13450: 13447: 13443: 13440: 13436: 13433: 13429: 13426: 13422: 13419: 13415: 13412: 13408: 13407: 13405: 13403: 13399: 13392: 13388: 13385: 13384: 13379: 13376: 13372: 13369: 13365: 13362: 13361: 13356: 13353: 13349: 13346: 13342: 13339: 13335: 13332: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13317: 13314: 13310: 13309: 13307: 13303: 13300: 13296: 13293: 13289: 13286: 13282: 13279: 13275: 13272: 13268: 13265: 13261: 13258: 13254: 13251: 13247: 13244: 13240: 13237: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13224: 13217: 13213: 13210: 13206: 13203: 13199: 13196: 13192: 13189: 13185: 13182: 13178: 13175: 13171: 13168: 13164: 13161: 13157: 13154: 13150: 13147: 13143: 13140: 13136: 13133: 13129: 13126: 13122: 13119: 13115: 13112: 13108: 13105: 13101: 13098: 13094: 13091: 13087: 13083: 13082: 13077: 13073: 13068: 13064: 13063: 13061: 13057: 13054: 13050: 13047: 13043: 13040: 13036: 13033: 13029: 13024: 13020: 13019: 13017: 13013: 13010: 13006: 13003: 12999: 12996: 12992: 12991: 12989: 12987: 12983: 12976: 12975: 12970: 12967: 12963: 12960: 12956: 12953: 12949: 12946: 12945:Baltic states 12942: 12939: 12935: 12932: 12928: 12925: 12921: 12918: 12914: 12911: 12907: 12904: 12900: 12897: 12893: 12890: 12886: 12883: 12879: 12876: 12872: 12869: 12865: 12862: 12858: 12855: 12851: 12848: 12844: 12843: 12841: 12839: 12835: 12828: 12824: 12821: 12817: 12814: 12810: 12807: 12803: 12800: 12796: 12793: 12789: 12786: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12777: 12773: 12764: 12760: 12757: 12753: 12750: 12746: 12743: 12739: 12736: 12732: 12731: 12729: 12725: 12720: 12716: 12713: 12709: 12708: 12706: 12702: 12697: 12693: 12692: 12690: 12686: 12685: 12683: 12681: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12668: 12657: 12653: 12650: 12646: 12641: 12637: 12634: 12630: 12629: 12625: 12620: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12609: 12606: 12602: 12597: 12593: 12590: 12589:United States 12586: 12581: 12577: 12576: 12574: 12570: 12569: 12565: 12562: 12558: 12557: 12555: 12553: 12549: 12542: 12538: 12533: 12529: 12526: 12525:Quốc dân Đảng 12522: 12521: 12517: 12514: 12510: 12507: 12503: 12500: 12496: 12493: 12489: 12486: 12482: 12479: 12475: 12472: 12468: 12465: 12461: 12458: 12454: 12451: 12447: 12444: 12440: 12437: 12433: 12430: 12426: 12423: 12419: 12414: 12410: 12407: 12403: 12402: 12400: 12396: 12393: 12389: 12386: 12382: 12379: 12375: 12372: 12368: 12365: 12361: 12358: 12354: 12351: 12347: 12344: 12340: 12337: 12333: 12330: 12326: 12323: 12319: 12316: 12312: 12309: 12305: 12302: 12298: 12295: 12291: 12288: 12284: 12283: 12281: 12279: 12275: 12268: 12264: 12261: 12257: 12254: 12250: 12247: 12243: 12240: 12236: 12233: 12229: 12226: 12225:Liechtenstein 12222: 12219: 12215: 12212: 12208: 12205: 12201: 12198: 12194: 12193: 12191: 12189: 12185: 12178: 12174: 12171: 12167: 12164: 12160: 12156: 12152: 12149: 12145: 12142: 12138: 12135: 12131: 12126: 12122: 12121: 12118: 12114: 12111: 12107: 12104: 12100: 12097: 12093: 12090: 12086: 12083: 12079: 12075: 12071: 12068: 12064: 12061: 12057: 12053: 12049: 12046: 12042: 12041: 12039: 12037: 12033: 12026: 12022: 12017: 12013: 12012: 12010: 12009:United States 12006: 12001: 11997: 11996: 11994: 11990: 11987: 11983: 11980: 11976: 11973: 11969: 11966: 11962: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11943: 11940: 11936: 11933: 11929: 11926: 11922: 11919: 11915: 11912: 11908: 11905: 11901: 11898: 11894: 11891: 11887: 11883: 11879: 11875: 11872: 11868: 11865: 11861: 11858: 11854: 11851: 11847: 11843: 11839: 11835: 11831: 11827: 11824: 11820: 11817: 11813: 11810: 11806: 11803: 11799: 11796: 11792: 11789: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11773: 11770: 11766: 11763: 11759: 11756: 11752: 11749: 11745: 11744: 11742: 11740: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11727: 11714: 11710: 11707: 11703: 11700: 11699:Comfort women 11696: 11693: 11689: 11686: 11683: / 11682: 11678: 11675: 11672: / 11671: 11668: / 11667: 11663: 11660: 11659:Camp brothels 11656: 11653: 11649: 11648: 11644: 11641: 11637: 11632: 11628: 11625: 11621: 11620: 11618: 11614: 11609: 11605: 11602: 11598: 11595: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11584: 11581: 11577: 11572: 11568: 11563: 11559: 11556: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11548:The Holocaust 11545: 11542: 11538: 11535: 11534:forced labour 11531: 11530: 11528: 11524: 11519: 11515: 11512: 11508: 11505: 11501: 11500: 11498: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11485: 11478: 11474: 11471: 11467: 11464: 11460: 11455: 11451: 11448: 11444: 11441: 11437: 11434: 11430: 11429: 11427: 11423: 11420: 11419: 11414: 11411: 11410: 11405: 11402: 11398: 11395: 11391: 11388: 11387:Marshall Plan 11384: 11381: 11380: 11375: 11372: 11368: 11365: 11361: 11358: 11354: 11351: 11347: 11344: 11340: 11337: 11333: 11330: 11326: 11323: 11319: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11310: 11303: 11299: 11294: 11290: 11289: 11287: 11283: 11280: 11276: 11271: 11267: 11264: 11260: 11257: 11253: 11252: 11250: 11246: 11241: 11240:Eastern Front 11237: 11234: 11233:Western Front 11230: 11229: 11227: 11223: 11218: 11214: 11211: 11207: 11204: 11200: 11197: 11193: 11190: 11186: 11183: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11167: 11163: 11156: 11152: 11149: 11145: 11142: 11138: 11135: 11131: 11128: 11127:Puppet states 11124: 11121: 11117: 11114: 11110: 11105: 11101: 11098: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11087: 11084: 11080: 11077: 11073: 11070: 11069:Naval history 11066: 11063: 11059: 11056: 11052: 11049: 11045: 11040: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11029: 11026: 11022: 11017: 11016:United States 11013: 11010: 11006: 11003: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10992: 10989: 10985: 10982: 10978: 10975: 10971: 10968: 10964: 10961: 10957: 10954: 10950: 10945: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10925: 10922: 10918: 10911: 10907: 10904: 10900: 10895: 10891: 10888: 10884: 10881: 10877: 10876: 10872: 10867: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10856: 10853: 10849: 10848: 10845: 10841: 10834: 10829: 10827: 10822: 10820: 10815: 10814: 10811: 10791: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10779: 10778: 10777: 10776: 10772: 10770: 10769: 10765: 10763: 10762: 10758: 10756: 10755: 10751: 10747: 10744: 10743: 10742: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10728: 10727: 10723: 10721: 10720: 10716: 10715: 10713: 10709: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10668: 10662: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10652: 10648: 10644:Commemoration 10641: 10637: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10613:Angelos Evert 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10593:Ronald Scobie 10591: 10590: 10588: 10584: 10578: 10575: 10571: 10568: 10567: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10534: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10520: 10518: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10504: 10500: 10496: 10490: 10486: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10457:13th Squadron 10455: 10453: 10452: 10448: 10446: 10445: 10441: 10439: 10438: 10434: 10432: 10431: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10412: 10406: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10366: 10364: 10360: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10313: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10285: 10281: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10180: 10177: 10174: 10170: 10166: 10156: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10146: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10085: 10079: 10078: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10051:Prometheus II 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10035: 10034:5/42 Regiment 10032: 10031: 10030: 10027: 10023: 10020: 10019: 10018: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10010:Organizations 10008: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9932: 9929: 9925: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9885: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9803: 9799: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9764: 9761: 9757: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9733: 9731: 9729:Organizations 9727: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9653: 9648: 9644: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9615: 9611: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9590: 9586: 9585:Andon Kalchev 9583: 9582: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9551:Secessionists 9549: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9520:Organizations 9518: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9441: 9431: 9428: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9393: 9391: 9390:The Holocaust 9387: 9379: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9335: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9211: 9209: 9205: 9195: 9192: 9188: 9183: 9180: 9176: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9158: 9152: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9132: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9118: 9117: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9085: 9079: 9073: 9070: 9066: 9063: 9062: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9050: 9046: 9043: 9042: 9041: 9038: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9029: 9026: 9022: 9019: 9018: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8989: 8983: 8980: 8974: 8971: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8952: 8948: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8893: 8887: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8858: 8852: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8823: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8792:Sepp Dietrich 8790: 8788: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8775: 8769: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8757:Thomas Blamey 8755: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8740: 8734: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8700: 8694: 8691: 8687: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8633: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8601: 8595: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8566: 8560: 8557: 8553: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8537:Ugo Cavallero 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8514: 8512: 8510: 8505: 8499: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8479: 8478:Markos Drakos 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8446: 8440: 8437: 8433: 8425: 8422: 8421: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8389:Korytsa/Korcë 8387: 8385: 8384:Elaia–Kalamas 8382: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8357: 8353: 8349: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8329: 8324: 8322: 8317: 8315: 8310: 8309: 8306: 8299: 8295: 8292: 8291: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8249: 8245: 8241: 8240: 8234: 8230: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8170: 8166: 8161: 8160: 8149: 8145: 8142:(1): 97–123. 8141: 8137: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8113:(4): 617–42. 8112: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8077: 8072: 8068: 8065:(in French). 8064: 8059: 8058: 8048: 8042: 8038: 8033: 8032: 8029:Encyclopedias 8022: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8005: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7988:Powell, Dilys 7985: 7981: 7975: 7971: 7966: 7962: 7956: 7953:. Routledge. 7952: 7947: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7919: 7913: 7909: 7905: 7900: 7896: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7870: 7867:. Doubleday. 7866: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7850:. Doubleday. 7849: 7844: 7840: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7812: 7808: 7803: 7799: 7793: 7789: 7784: 7780: 7774: 7770: 7765: 7764: 7739: 7735: 7731: 7726: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7701: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7633: 7629: 7625: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7600: 7588: 7583: 7571: 7567: 7566: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7540: 7534: 7529: 7528: 7518: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7356: 7345:on 2 May 2019 7344: 7340: 7336: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7324: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7285: 7284: 7281:Encyclopedias 7274: 7268: 7264: 7259: 7255: 7249: 7245: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7226: 7221: 7217: 7211: 7207: 7202: 7198: 7192: 7188: 7187: 7181: 7177: 7171: 7167: 7162: 7158: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7130: 7126: 7121: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7074: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7055: 7050: 7039: 7033: 7029: 7028: 7022: 7018: 7012: 7008: 7003: 6999: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6980:Vogel, Detlef 6977: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6960: 6956: 6950: 6946: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6927: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6908: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6882: 6879: 6873: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6833: 6829: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6807: 6803: 6797: 6793: 6788: 6784: 6778: 6774: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6755: 6750: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6726: 6720: 6716: 6710: 6706: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6661: 6656: 6655: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6634: 6629: 6625: 6619: 6615: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6583:Irving, David 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6521: 6517: 6512: 6508: 6502: 6494: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6436: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6417: 6412: 6408: 6402: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6379: 6374: 6370: 6364: 6360: 6355: 6351: 6345: 6341: 6336: 6332: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6306:by Ian Wards) 6305: 6299: 6297:0-19-558438-4 6293: 6289: 6284: 6280: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6241: 6235: 6231: 6226: 6222: 6216: 6212: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6171: 6166: 6162: 6156: 6152: 6147: 6143: 6137: 6133: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6115:. Routledge. 6114: 6109: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6074: 6070: 6064: 6060: 6055: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6020: 6016: 6010: 6006: 6005: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5986: 5982: 5981: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5937: 5932: 5928: 5926:1-84212-526-5 5922: 5918: 5913: 5912: 5896:, p. 60. 5895: 5890: 5884:, p. 41. 5883: 5878: 5871: 5866: 5859: 5855: 5850: 5843: 5838: 5831: 5827: 5822: 5820: 5812: 5808: 5803: 5796: 5791: 5785:, p. 84. 5784: 5779: 5777: 5769: 5764: 5758:, p. 27. 5757: 5752: 5745: 5740: 5733: 5728: 5722:, p. 16. 5721: 5716: 5709: 5704: 5697: 5692: 5685: 5680: 5673: 5668: 5661: 5656: 5649: 5644: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5617: 5612: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5589: 5585: 5580: 5574:, p. 91. 5573: 5568: 5562:, p. 14. 5561: 5556: 5549: 5544: 5537: 5532: 5525: 5520: 5513: 5508: 5501: 5496: 5494: 5486: 5482: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5465: 5461: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5438: 5433: 5426: 5421: 5414: 5409: 5402: 5397: 5390: 5385: 5378: 5373: 5371: 5363: 5358: 5351: 5346: 5340:, p. 16. 5339: 5334: 5327: 5322: 5315: 5310: 5303: 5299: 5294: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5244: 5240: 5235: 5228: 5223: 5216: 5211: 5204: 5199: 5197: 5189: 5184: 5177: 5172: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5149: 5144: 5137: 5133: 5128: 5121: 5117: 5112: 5105: 5101: 5096: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5073: 5068: 5061: 5056: 5049: 5045: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5029:, p. 28. 5028: 5023: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5000: 4995: 4989:, p. 33. 4988: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4971: 4967: 4962: 4955: 4951: 4946: 4940:, p. 90. 4939: 4934: 4927: 4923: 4918: 4911: 4910:Faingold 2010 4906: 4899: 4898:Electrie 2008 4894: 4887: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4868: 4863: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4828: 4823: 4816: 4811: 4804: 4799: 4793:, p. 32. 4792: 4787: 4780: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4764:, p. 39. 4763: 4758: 4751: 4746: 4739: 4734: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4675: 4670: 4663: 4658: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4640: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4616: 4612: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4592:, p. 52. 4591: 4586: 4580:, p. 94. 4579: 4574: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4552:, p. 91. 4551: 4546: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4524:, p. 21. 4523: 4518: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4496:, p. 61. 4495: 4490: 4484:, p. 23. 4483: 4478: 4471: 4466: 4460:, p. 33. 4459: 4454: 4447: 4443: 4438: 4436: 4429:, p. 50. 4428: 4423: 4421: 4413: 4408: 4401: 4396: 4389: 4384: 4377: 4372: 4365: 4364:Paoletti 2007 4360: 4354:, p. 10. 4353: 4348: 4341: 4336: 4334: 4326: 4321: 4315:, p. 86. 4314: 4309: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4286: 4281: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4194: 4190: 4185: 4178: 4174: 4169: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4136: 4131: 4124: 4119: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4096: 4091: 4089: 4081: 4076: 4069: 4064: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4046: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4015: 4010: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3988:, p. 37. 3987: 3982: 3980: 3972: 3967: 3958: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3927: 3922: 3915: 3910: 3903: 3898: 3896: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3855: 3850: 3843: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3809:Weinberg 2005 3805: 3798: 3793: 3786: 3781: 3779: 3771: 3770:Weinberg 2005 3766: 3759: 3758:Weinberg 2005 3754: 3748:, p. 38. 3747: 3742: 3735: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3714: 3709: 3702: 3697: 3690: 3685: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3667: 3659: 3658:Weinberg 2005 3654: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3634:Weinberg 2005 3630: 3623: 3622:Weinberg 2005 3618: 3611: 3606: 3599: 3598:Weinberg 2005 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3575:, p. 22. 3574: 3569: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3551: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3487: 3482: 3475: 3470: 3463: 3458: 3452:, p. 41. 3451: 3446: 3439: 3434: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3406: 3400:, p. 22. 3399: 3394: 3387: 3382: 3375: 3370: 3364:, p. 19. 3363: 3358: 3349: 3348:War in Europe 3345: 3339: 3333:, p. 17. 3332: 3327: 3325: 3318:, p. 53. 3317: 3312: 3306:, p. 18. 3305: 3300: 3292: 3291: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3267: 3262: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3238: 3231: 3226: 3220:, p. 18. 3219: 3218:Johnston 2013 3214: 3207: 3202: 3194: 3192: 3186: 3185:Hitler, Adolf 3180: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3156: 3151: 3149: 3141: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3101: 3096: 3090:, p. 26. 3089: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3070: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3032: 3025: 3020: 3014:, Greek Wars. 3013: 3008: 3006: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2934: 2929: 2919: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2820:Antony Beevor 2816: 2811: 2808: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2777: 2774: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2732: 2731:Italian Libya 2728: 2724: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2666: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2626: 2621: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2550: Italian 2543: 2538: 2534: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2373:Corinth Canal 2369: 2367: 2363: 2362:Ulster Prince 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2320: 2318: 2310: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2242: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2206: 2199: 2196: 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2169:armoured cars 2165: 2161: 2157: 2148: 2139: 2135: 2127: 2122: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2105:Sepp Dietrich 2101: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2076:Greek tragedy 2073: 2063: 2059: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2024: 2021: 2015: 2009: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1965: 1962:moved to the 1961: 1957: 1953: 1952:"Tubby" Allen 1949: 1945: 1940: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1886: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1616: 1611: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1582:The Yugoslav 1580: 1578: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1554:Otto Hartmann 1551: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1519:Field Marshal 1516: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1496:Mount Olympus 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1469: 1468:Kriva Palanka 1461: 1457: 1453: 1452:Thomas Blamey 1448: 1443: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1340: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1200: 1194: 1185: 1180: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1157: 1151: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1106: 1105:Hellenic Army 1102: 1098: 1095: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1019:John D'Albiac 1017: 1016:Air Commodore 1013: 1006: 1000: 998: 976: 969: 968: 962: 958: 953: 949: 948: 945: 943: 939: 935: 930: 926: 923: 918: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 887: 883: 879: 875: 874: 869: 868: 863: 859: 855: 852: 851:fascist-style 848: 842: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 799: 795: 791: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 767:invaded from 766: 765:German troops 762: 758: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 672: 669: 666: 665: 662: 661:Corinth Canal 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 631:Lake Kastoria 629: 627: 626:Siatista Pass 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 606:Pisoderi Pass 604: 602: 599: 598: 594: 593: 590: 585: 577: 572: 570: 565: 563: 558: 557: 554: 542: 539: 537: 534: 530: 527: 526: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 513: 508: 498: 493: 491: 486: 484: 479: 478: 475: 466: 454: 450: 443: 438:1,250 wounded 434: 428:1,290 missing 424:13,408 killed 422: 419: 411: 403:19,755 killed 401: 398: 397: 392: 388: 378: 372: 369: 367:1,245,000 men 366: 356: 346: 343: 342: 337: 334: 329: 323: 322:Thomas Blamey 318: 312: 307: 300: 295: 289: 287: 286:Ugo Cavallero 282: 276: 275:Sepp Dietrich 271: 265: 260: 253: 248: 241: 236: 231: 230: 225: 221: 208: 196: 183: 169: 168: 164: 161: 147: 133: 132: 128: 127: 122: 114: 111: 106: 105: 100: 96: 93:Start of the 92: 91: 86: 85: 83: 80: 79: 73: 70: 69: 63: 60: 59: 55: 51: 46: 41: 38: 34: 29: 24: 19: 14081:Bibliography 14064: 13877:Project Hula 13842:Vistula–Oder 13811: 13744: 13735: 13719: 13689: 13638: 13622: 13613: 13604: 13570: 13467: 13382: 13358: 13328: 13079: 13015: 12972: 12917:North Africa 12619:Soviet Union 12573:Soviet Union 12499:Soviet Union 12267:Vatican City 12177:Vichy France 12082:German Reich 11979:Soviet Union 11965:South Africa 11958:Sierra Leone 11911:Newfoundland 11730:Participants 11713:Marocchinate 11417: 11408: 11378: 11256:North Africa 11217:Indian Ocean 11076:Nazi plunder 10967:Cryptography 10840:World War II 10787: 10774: 10766: 10761:Mediterraneo 10759: 10752: 10738: 10724: 10717: 10577:White Terror 10450: 10443: 10436: 10429: 10104:Agia Kyriaki 10094:ESPO bombing 10076: 9848:Sarantaporos 9818:Mikro Chorio 9558:Roman Legion 9403:Thessaloniki 9351:Great Famine 9339:exploitation 9194:Asen Sirakov 9112:Carlo Geloso 9107:Piero Parini 9056:Bruno Bräuer 9021:Army Group E 8915:Luftflotte 4 8797:Kurt Student 8787:Wilhelm List 8660:Metaxas Line 8635: 8542:Carlo Geloso 8532:Ubaldo Soddu 8409:Klisura Pass 8276:. 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Retrieved 6724: 6704: 6678: 6653: 6632: 6613: 6594: 6591:Kershaw, Ian 6578: 6556: 6553:Keegan, John 6534: 6515: 6482: 6478: 6459:. ABC-CLIO. 6456: 6453:Greene, Jack 6434: 6415: 6396: 6377: 6358: 6339: 6319: 6303: 6287: 6267: 6248: 6229: 6210: 6191: 6169: 6150: 6131: 6112: 6094: 6077: 6058: 6046:. Retrieved 6042:the original 6024: 6003: 5979: 5958: 5954: 5935: 5916: 5889: 5877: 5870:Papagos 1949 5865: 5849: 5837: 5802: 5790: 5763: 5751: 5739: 5727: 5715: 5708:Richter 1998 5703: 5696:Richter 1998 5691: 5679: 5667: 5655: 5648:Richter 1998 5643: 5623: 5616:Richter 1998 5611: 5595: 5579: 5567: 5555: 5543: 5536:Richter 1998 5531: 5524:Buckley 1984 5519: 5512:Richter 1998 5507: 5432: 5420: 5413:Carlton 1992 5408: 5401:Richter 1998 5396: 5389:Richter 1998 5384: 5377:Richter 1998 5362:Richter 1998 5357: 5345: 5338:Shrader 1999 5333: 5326:Richter 1998 5321: 5309: 5293: 5281:. 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Praeger. 6674:Long, Gavin 5894:Beevor 1994 5828:, pp. 5809:, pp. 5756:Glantz 2003 5744:Hooker 1999 5732:Beevor 2012 5630:, pp. 5586:, pp. 5560:Stahel 2012 5548:Lawlor 1982 5483:, pp. 5462:, pp. 5437:Beevor 1994 5425:Helios 1945 5283:1 September 5257:, pp. 5162:, pp. 5086:, pp. 5060:Keitel 1979 4987:Bailey 1979 4924:, pp. 4886:Keegan 2005 4791:Bailey 1979 4762:Beevor 1994 4708:, pp. 4692:, pp. 4536:, pp. 4458:Beevor 1994 4239:, pp. 4223:, pp. 4191:, pp. 4109:, pp. 4095:Lawlor 1994 4054:, pp. 4014:Lawlor 1994 3986:Bailey 1979 3971:Thomas 1972 3914:Helios 1945 3902:Helios 1945 3868:, pp. 3746:Beevor 1994 3701:Keitel 1979 3675:, pp. 3559:, pp. 3530:Lawlor 1994 3500:, pp. 3398:Bailey 1979 3172:Greene 2014 3088:Beevor 1994 3012:Helios 1945 2765:Middle East 2752:de Guingand 2723:Alan Brooke 2676:Assessments 2596:Evros River 2504:camps. The 2431:, damaging 2393:Missolonghi 2366:Peloponnese 2338:East Attica 2334:Porto Rafti 2317:War Cabinet 2254:necessary." 2100:John Keegan 1896:Thermopylae 1835:Fort Roupel 1790:Mount Beles 1683:Doiran Lake 1584:coup d'état 1547:Franz Böhme 1086:Prince Paul 794:German Army 790:Thermopylae 781:New Zealand 749:Axis powers 690:42nd Street 656:Thermopylae 646:Tempe Gorge 417:385 missing 389:502,612 men 374:450,000 men 350:1,200 tanks 348:680,000 men 220:New Zealand 107:Territorial 14104:Categories 13912:West Hunan 13745:Pointblank 13081:Silver Fox 13067:Summer War 12820:Winter War 12799:Phoney War 12580:Azerbaijan 12541:Yugoslavia 12436:Luxembourg 12278:Resistance 12025:Yugoslavia 11890:Luxembourg 11692:Sook Ching 11488:War crimes 11090:Technology 11083:Opposition 11025:Lend-Lease 11002:Australian 10995:Home front 10953:Blitzkrieg 10903:Casualties 10894:Commanders 10866:Operations 10540:Red Terror 10333:Dodecanese 10323:El Alamein 10228:Operations 10148:Atrocities 10087:Operations 9887:Atrocities 9873:Agorelitsa 9801:Operations 9652:Resistance 9620:Paramythia 9613:Atrocities 9446:government 9408:Zvi Koretz 9328:Chortiatis 9293:Kali Sykia 9207:Atrocities 9143:XXVI Corps 9072:Max Merten 8414:Trebeshina 8298:Yad Vashem 8175:28 October 7525:Newspapers 7349:2 December 7334:Parameters 7043:16 October 5903:References 5856:, p. 5602:, p. 5500:Broad 1958 5300:, p. 5241:, p. 5134:, p. 5118:, p. 5102:, p. 5046:, p. 5013:, p. 4999:Clark 2010 4968:, p. 4952:, p. 4841:, p. 4724:, p. 4676:, p. 4648:, p. 4613:, p. 4564:, p. 4508:, p. 4444:, p. 4299:, p. 4271:, p. 4255:, p. 4207:, p. 4175:, p. 4035:, p. 4000:, p. 3940:, p. 3823:, p. 3516:, p. 3206:Smith 1986 3119:, p. 2949:Alanbrooke 2799:Stalingrad 2592:Svilengrad 2506:Greek Navy 2496:Brigades. 2469:survived. 2235:Greek flag 2185:lubricants 2183:, oil and 1920:Neil Macky 1866:See also: 1608:See also: 1508:logistical 1504:Aegean Sea 1417:blitzkrieg 1312:Kyustendil 1298:Topography 1246:troopships 1184:Alexandria 1167:Yugoslavia 1082:Aegean Sea 997:blitzkrieg 862:neutrality 777:Australian 757:Greek Army 616:Ptolemaida 524:Yugoslavia 447:Including 436:903 killed 380:52,612 men 362:163 tanks 13977:Manchuria 13863:Indochina 13639:Bagration 13090:Lithuania 12735:Anschluss 12532:Viet Minh 12429:Lithuania 12371:Hong Kong 12141:Manchukuo 12096:Azad Hind 11755:Australia 11555:Aftermath 11418:Paperclip 11313:Aftermath 11113:Total war 10981:Diplomacy 10944:In Europe 10508:Civil War 10495:civil war 10353:Santorini 10124:Xirovouni 10077:others... 9904:Meligalas 9308:Kleisoura 9269:Mesovouno 9254:Domenikon 9244:Lingiades 9239:Kalavryta 9224:Alikianos 9214:Kondomari 9121:11th Army 8967:Occupying 8618:11th Army 8090:: 53–74. 8021:173284173 7942:660825581 7807:Mussolini 7719:7 January 7694:6 October 7553:7 January 7548:813744927 7517:220875543 7501:0022-0094 7472:220879997 7456:0022-0094 7425:159955930 7417:0022-0094 7388:154400712 7380:0018-246X 7104:464601908 6773:Mussolini 6725:To Greece 6501:cite book 5882:Long 1953 5854:Blau 1986 5826:Blau 1986 5807:Long 1953 5460:Blau 1986 5298:Blau 1986 5259:3052–3053 5239:Blau 1986 5116:Long 1953 5084:Long 1953 5044:Blau 1986 5011:Blau 1986 4966:Long 1953 4950:Blau 1986 4922:Blau 1986 4867:Carr 2013 4839:Long 1953 4827:Carr 2013 4803:Carr 2013 4779:Carr 2013 4722:Blau 1986 4706:Long 1953 4690:Long 1953 4674:Long 1953 4646:Blau 1986 4627:Long 1953 4611:Blau 1986 4562:Blau 1986 4534:Blau 1986 4506:Blau 1986 4470:Carr 2013 4442:Blau 1986 4340:Carr 2013 4297:Blau 1986 4285:Carr 2013 4269:Blau 1986 4237:Blau 1986 4221:Blau 1986 4205:Blau 1986 4189:Blau 1986 4173:Blau 1986 4033:Blau 1986 3998:Blau 1986 3938:Blau 1986 3673:Blau 1986 3573:Vick 1995 3557:Blau 1986 3514:Blau 1986 3498:Blau 1986 3100:Long 1953 2985:Citations 2977:Cyrenaica 2750:In 1947, 2647:Heraklion 2522:Aftermath 2451:Souda Bay 2444:HMS 2437:HMS 2350:Heraklion 2346:Anzac Day 2304:Churchill 2223:Nazi flag 2219:Acropolis 2181:petroleum 2080:catharsis 1811:artillery 1712:Podgorica 1681:south of 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