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405:. Given "the essential incapacity of finite mind to seize the absolute end which governs and moves everything towards itself", Tyrrell recognized that some subjects were matters of "faith and mystery". He "preferred to admit that the Christian doctrine of hell as simply a very great mystery, one difficult to reconcile with any just appreciation of the concept of an all-loving God". He argued that the rationalist approach of the Scholastics was not applicable to matters of faith. Although reviewed by a number of English Jesuits, including
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301:
As early as 1882, his novice master suggested that
Tyrrell withdraw from the Jesuits due to a "mental indocility" and a dissatisfaction with a number of Jesuit customs, approaches, and practices. Tyrrell was, however, allowed to remain. He later stated that he believed he was more inclined to the
360:, in Catholic schools and seminaries. Tyrrell admired Aquinas, but he rejected the Scholastic approach as inadequate. He became convinced that the Jesuits were not teaching the work of Aquinas himself, but rather the narrow interpretation of it introduced by Jesuit theologian
340:, Merseyside, where he was reportedly happiest during his time as a Jesuit. A little over a year later, he was sent to teach philosophy at Stonyhurst. Tyrrell then began to have serious conflicts with his superiors over the traditional Jesuit approach to teaching philosophy.
278:. He was powerfully struck by the Catholic Mass, about which he would say in his autobiography: "Here was the old business, being carried on by the old firm, in the old ways; here was continuity, that took one back to the catacombs." He converted and was
253:
priest who had a strong influence on him. In August 1878, Tyrrell took a teaching post at
Wexford High School, but in October he matriculated at Trinity College, on the advice of Dolling, hoping to train for the Anglican ministry.
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and of having a completely naïve view of doctrinal development. He furthermore asserted that the encyclical tried to show the "modernist" that he was not a
Catholic, but succeeded only in showing that he was not a Scholastic.
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Between 1891 and 1906, Tyrrell published more than twenty articles in
Catholic periodicals, many of them in the United States. In 1899 Tyrrell published
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237:, but his mother had difficulty affording the fees and he left early. In 1876–77, he studied privately in the hopes of earning a scholarship to study
317:. Having completed his studies at Stonyhurst, he next returned to the Jesuit school in Malta, where he spent three years teaching. He then went to
1174:
Maher, Anthony M. (2018). 'The
Forgotten Jesuit of Catholic Modernism: George Tyrrell's Prophetic Theology.' Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Press.
218:. A childhood accident resulted in George eventually becoming deaf in the right ear. The family had to move repeatedly due to financial straits.
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in
October 1897 and they became close friends. Part of Tyrrell's work while at Farm Street was writing articles for the Jesuit periodical
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on his deathbed in 1909, but as he refused to abjure his modernist views was denied burial in a
Catholic cemetery. A priest, his friend
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which is a mere theological bogey." In
Tyrrell's view, the pope should not act as an autocrat but a "spokesman for the mind of the
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465:
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1213:
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Chappell, Jonathan W. (2018). "Beyond 'The
Warfare of Science with Theology': George Tyrrell's Plea for Epistemic Humility,"
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471:. He was the only Jesuit to be expelled from the society in the twentieth century until a subsequent Father General,
417:, where he deeply appreciated the peace and quiet. In January 1901, he declined a re-assignment back to St. Helen's.
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In 1896, Tyrrell was transferred to the Jesuit House on Farm Street in London. There
Tyrrell discovered the work of
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214:. His father, a journalist, died shortly before Tyrrell was born. George was first cousin to Irish classical scholar
1035:"Indiscretion of Cardinal Merry del Val; Acts of the Papal Secretary of State Which Have Laid Him Open to Criticism"
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The "Avant-Garde" Theology of George Tyrrell: Its Philosophical Roots Changed My Theological Thinking
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336:. In 1893, he lived briefly at the Jesuit mission house in Oxford, before taking up pastoral work at
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Utz, Richard (2010). "Pi(o)us Medievalism vs. Catholic Modernism: The Case Of George Tyrell." In:
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In his rebuttal of Pius X's encyclical, Tyrrell alleged that the Church's thinking was based on a
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Asked in 1906 to repudiate his theories, Tyrrell declined and was dismissed from the Jesuits by
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places most of the blame for the disagreement between the modern Catholic philosophers and the
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to contemporary certainties, and thus to put an end to this utterly needless conflict between
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Root, John D. (1977). "English Catholic Modernism and Science: The Case of George Tyrrell,"
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After a brief period of pastoral work in Lancashire, Tyrrell returned to Roehampton for his
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Le pontificat romain dans l'époque contemporaine | the Papacy in the Contemporary Age
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over Tyrrell's grave, which resulted in Bishop Amigo temporarily suspending Fr. Bremond
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In the spring of 1879, at Dolling's invitation, Tyrrell went to London to work for the
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24:. For the British mathematician, physicist, radio engineer and parapsychologist, see
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in September 1907, Tyrrell's fate was sealed. Tyrrell contributed two letters to
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With the condemnation of modernism, first in the 65 propositions of the decree
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in which he strongly criticized that encyclical. For his public rejection of
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1306:(1972). "The Pope as Antichrist: The Substance of George Tyrrell's Polemic,"
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1132:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 550–551.
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Hurley, Michael, S.J. "George Tyrrell and John Sullivan: Sinner and Saint?",
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beginning in the late 19th-century. During the anti-modernist crusade led by
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Eastern Daily Mail and Straits Morning Advertiser, 5 November 1907, page 1
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priest and a highly controversial theologian and scholar. A convert from
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959:"Pius X, Merry del Val and the cases of Alfred Loisy and George Tyrrell"
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Tyrrell was critical both of the Catholic neo-Scholasticism and of the
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to modern culture and science made him a key figure in the debate over
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Davies, Michael (1983). "The Sad Story of George Tyrrell", Ch. 13 of
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1324:, Vol. XXV. Eugene, Or.: Wipf & Stock Publishers, pp. 6–11.
389:, and for a time, came to share Ward's view of moderate liberalism.
245:, but he failed the required examination twice. Around 1877 he met
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Three Modernists: Alfred Loisy, George Tyrrell, William L. Sullivan
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2012:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
441:
294:. He joined the Jesuits in 1880 and was sent to the novitiate at
211:
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Rafferty, Oliver, S.J. "George Tyrrell and Catholic Modernism",
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238:
207:
95:
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Through Scylla and Charybdis: or, the Old Theology and the New
661:
Through Scylla and Charybdis: or, The Old Theology and the New
870:
Baron Friedrich Von Hügel and the Modernist Crisis in England
291:
2267:
402:
194:, Tyrrell was expelled from the Jesuit Order in 1906 and
321:, in Wales, to take up his theological studies. He was
504:, Tyrrell was also deprived of the sacraments, in what
943:(Perth, WA), 2 November 1907, p. 2. Also available at
479:
in 1969. Modernism played a major role in both cases.
424:
scholarship of the day. In an often quoted attack on
1138:
Partisans of Error: St. Pius X Against the Modernists
1382:
1154:
London: Longmans, Green & Co., pp. 137–171.
627:
Hard Sayings: A Selection of Meditations and Studies
266:, a sort of mission that Dolling was organizing. On
1263:Sagovsky, Nicholas. "Tyrrell, George (1861–1909)".
896:
20:. For the British geologist and glaciologist, see
828:Portier, William L. "George Tyrrell in America."
309:After taking his first vows, Tyrrell was sent to
16:For the Union Army Medal of Honor recipient, see
3281:
1908:
547:, Tyrrell never saw his case come up before the
460:The stone erected at the grave of George Tyrrell
451:
3305:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism
610:'s "irreconcilable and reactionary attitude".
571:Tyrrell's last two years were spent mainly in
563:, who collaborated closely with Bishop Amigo.
413:". Tyrrell was assigned to a small mission in
385:. He had the occasion to review some works by
313:to study philosophy as the first stage in his
3355:20th-century Irish Roman Catholic theologians
3320:19th-century Irish Roman Catholic theologians
1894:
1368:
1300:. Shepherdstown, West Virginia: Patmos Press.
1140:. Long Prairie, Minnesota: The Neumann Press.
847:, Longmans, Green & Company, 1912, p. 118
119:, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
3340:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
1269:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
769:, Longmans, Green & Company, 1912, p. 33
282:in 1879. He immediately applied to join the
229:, near Dublin. He was educated from 1873 at
1032:
375:'s biblical scholarship. Tyrrell first met
100:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1901:
1887:
1375:
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790:
788:
786:
767:Autobiography of George Tyrrell, 1861-1884
55:
1403:Historical-critical exegesis of the Bible
1179:Father Tyrrell and the Modernist Movement
1162:George Tyrrell and the Catholic Tradition
906:The Woman Who Shot Mussolini: A Biography
1315:The Prophetic Theology of George Tyrrell
1298:George Tyrrell: In Search of Catholicism
1199:Autobiography and Life of George Tyrrell
1116:
1087:Autobiography and Life of George Tyrrell
902:
845:Life of George Tyrrell from 1884 to 1909
832:, vol. 20, no. 3, 2002, pp. 69–95. JSTOR
808:
806:
697:Autobiography and Life of George Tyrrell
677:Medievalism: A Reply to Cardinal Mercier
488:in July 1907 and then in the encyclical
455:
392:
167:(6 February 1861 – 15 July 1909) was an
1266:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1257:On God's Side: A Life of George Tyrrell
783:
760:
758:
756:
583:, was present at the burial and made a
401:. The article concerned the concept of
206:Tyrrell was born on 6 February 1861 in
3282:
2902:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
1003:Twentieth-Century Catholic Theologians
956:
909:. Henry Holt and Company. p. 47.
740:The American Catholic Quarterly Review
730:The American Catholic Quarterly Review
720:The American Catholic Quarterly Review
555:. His fate rested in the hands of the
1882:
1356:
1206:George Tyrrell and Catholic Modernism
1033:Littlefield, Walter (17 April 1910).
803:
233:, an institution affiliated with the
1831:
1726:Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy
1262:
1252:Vol. XVIII, No. 3, pp. 271–288.
1226:
753:
717:"The Clergy and the Social Problem,"
654:Lex Credendi: A Sequel to Lex Orandi
635:External Religion: Its Use and Abuse
620:Nova et Vetera: Informal Meditations
613:
531:to the modern mind. Tyrrell accused
3335:People educated at Midleton College
3325:Christian clergy from Dublin (city)
1861:
535:of equating Catholic doctrine with
13:
1310:Vol. LXV, No. 2, pp. 271–283.
1204:Rafferty, Oliver P. (ed.) (2010).
1191:Vol. XIX, No. 2, pp. 172–178.
1103:
648:Lex Orandi: or, Prayer & Creed
14:
3366:
3300:Catholicism-related controversies
1667:Annales de philosophie chrétienne
1328:
1095:(4436): 509–510. 2 November 1912.
726:"The Old Faith and the New Woman"
664:, Longmans, Green & Co., 1907
656:, Longmans, Green & Co., 1906
650:, Longmans, Green & Co., 1903
630:, Longmans, Green & Co., 1898
280:received into the Catholic Church
3345:Modernism in the Catholic Church
3262:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1830:
1812:
1800:
1384:Modernism in the Catholic Church
1344:Works by or about George Tyrrell
1244:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1240:Dictionary of National Biography
1181:. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
1073:(4171): 395–396. 5 October 1907.
965:. Studi di storia. Vol. 5.
939:, Father Tyrrell's Articles, at
849:
771:
672:, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1907
188:modernism in the Catholic Church
2220:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
1296:Schultenover, David G. (1981).
1113:, Vol 30, No 1., pp. 3–37.
1077:
1055:
1026:
1008:
995:
950:
704:Essays on Faith and Immortality
692:, Longmans, Green and Co., 1910
690:Christianity at the Cross-Roads
680:, Longmans, Green, and Co. 1908
596:A near contemporary account on
352:had promoted the teaching of a
182:in 1880. His attempts to adapt
1933:History of the Catholic Church
1591:Pontifical Biblical Commission
1418:Quest for the historical Jesus
1322:The Year's Work in Medievalism
971:10.30687/978-88-6969-239-0/002
930:
891:Christianity at the Crossroads
883:
861:
836:
821:
736:"The Church and Scholasticism"
356:, based on the works of Saint
1:
2582:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
1979:History of Christian theology
1645:José de Calasanz Vives y Tutó
1227:Rigg, James McMullen (1912).
1223:. New York: Sheed & Ward.
1208:. Dublin: Four Courts Press,
746:
452:Expulsion and excommunication
221:Tyrrell was brought up as an
201:
1910:History of Catholic theology
1625:Twenty-four Thomistic theses
1317:. Chico, CA: Scholars Press.
1283:UK public library membership
1111:Science and Christian Belief
512:, characterized as "a minor
475:, expelled the Dutch priest
371:. He was also influenced by
225:and around 1869 he attended
7:
1308:Harvard Theological Review,
1255:Sagovsky, Nicholas (1990).
1186:"The Meaning of Modernism,"
1148:"Roman Catholic Modernism."
872:, CUP Archive, 1972, p. 144
557:Cardinal Secretary of State
26:George Nugent Merle Tyrrell
10:
3371:
3330:19th-century Irish Jesuits
3008:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
2998:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
2283:Transubstantiation dispute
1650:Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange
1259:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
527:that seemed as strange as
15:
3257:
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1987:
1925:
1916:
1795:
1734:
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1658:
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1164:New York: Paulist Press.
684:The Church and the Future
642:The Faith of the Millions
257:
137:
123:
106:
81:
76:
68:
63:
54:
35:
2922:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
2115:Athanasius of Alexandria
2007:First Epistle of Clement
1688:Revue du clergé français
1609:Pascendi Dominici gregis
1313:Wells, David F. (1979).
1189:The University Magazine,
937:"The Pope and Modernism"
686:, The Priory Press, 1910
566:
491:Pascendi dominici gregis
270:, Tyrrell wandered into
216:Robert Yelverton Tyrrell
3350:People from Storrington
3033:Dietrich von Hildebrand
2897:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
2771:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
2751:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
2293:Paulinus II of Aquileia
2288:Predestination disputes
1819:Vatican City portal
1335:Works by George Tyrrell
1230:"Tyrrell, George"
1129:Encyclopædia Britannica
1123:"Tyrrell, George"
1005:(Blackwell, 2007, p. 5)
903:Saunders, F.S. (2011).
830:U.S. Catholic Historian
411:offensive to pious ears
274:, a Catholic church on
243:Trinity College, Dublin
3269:Catholicism portal
3118:Hans Urs von Balthasar
2917:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
2857:Félicité de La Mennais
2536:The Cloud of Unknowing
2037:The Shepherd of Hermas
1807:Catholicism portal
1615:Oath Against Modernism
1602:Lamentabili sane exitu
1289:Savage, Allan (2012).
1275:10.1093/ref:odnb/36606
1177:May, J. Lewis (1932).
957:Arnold, Claus (2018).
868:Barmann, Lawrence F.,
608:Cardinal Merry del Val
485:Lamentabili sane exitu
461:
18:George William Tyrrell
3043:Marie-Dominique Chenu
2962:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
2947:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
2831:Clement Mary Hofbauer
2826:Johann Michael Sailer
2253:Maximus the Confessor
1945:History of the papacy
1509:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
1499:Lucien Laberthonnière
1250:The Heythrop Journal,
1020:29 April 2005 at the
706:, Edward Arnold, 1914
700:, Edward Arnold, 1912
549:Congregation of Index
459:
393:Modernist controversy
354:Scholastic philosophy
264:Saint Martin's League
178:, Tyrrell joined the
22:George Walter Tyrrell
3219:Raniero Cantalamessa
3189:Alice von Hildebrand
3138:Edward Schillebeeckx
2816:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
2701:Lawrence of Brindisi
2631:Francisco de Vitoria
2421:Beatrice of Nazareth
2396:Hugh of Saint Victor
2376:Bernard of Clairvaux
2356:Anselm of Canterbury
2318:John Scotus Eriugena
2313:Paschasius Radbertus
2160:Gregory of Nazianzus
2054:Epistle to Diognetus
1640:Rafael Merry del Val
1539:Dalmace Sertillanges
1519:Eudoxe Irénée Mignot
1219:Ratté, John (1967).
1201:. London: E. Arnold.
1184:Moore, J.F. (1920).
669:A Much-Abused Letter
561:Rafael Merry del Val
399:A Perverted Devotion
3194:Carlo Maria Martini
3158:Johann Baptist Metz
3128:Frederick Copleston
2952:Friedrich von Hügel
2912:Joseph Hergenröther
2892:Gaetano Sanseverino
2872:Ignaz von Döllinger
2796:Nicolas Malebranche
2636:Thomas of Villanova
2597:Counter-Reformation
2577:Girolamo Savonarola
2391:Hildegard of Bingen
2200:Cyril of Alexandria
2043:Aristides of Athens
2030:Epistle of Barnabas
2019:Ignatius of Antioch
1957:Ecumenical councils
1494:Friedrich von Hügel
1293:. (CreateSpace.com)
1144:Inge, William Ralph
941:The West Australian
742:, Vol. XXIII, 1898.
537:Scholastic theology
510:Bishop of Southwark
377:Friedrich von Hügel
346:'s 1879 encyclical
3209:Alasdair MacIntyre
3088:Nouvelle théologie
2977:Thérèse of Lisieux
2821:Alfonso Muzzarelli
2761:Jean-Jacques Olier
2731:Tommaso Campanella
2646:Francisco de Osuna
2641:Ignatius of Loyola
2510:Catherine of Siena
2406:Robert Grosseteste
2303:Benedict of Aniane
2243:Isidore of Seville
2185:Augustine of Hippo
2150:Cyril of Jerusalem
2145:Hilary of Poitiers
1787:Christoph Theobald
1767:François Laplanche
1674:La Justice sociale
1580:Syllabus of Errors
1408:Biblical inerrancy
1067:by George Tyrrell"
1040:The New York Times
893:(1913 ed.), pg. 44
732:, Vol. XXII, 1897.
722:, Vol. XXII, 1897.
599:The New York Times
462:
430:Biblical criticism
422:Liberal Protestant
319:St Beuno's College
311:Stonyhurst College
3277:
3276:
3204:Gustavo Gutiérrez
3199:Pope Benedict XVI
3184:Pope John Paul II
3083:Josemaría Escrivá
3073:Henri Daniel-Rops
2957:Vladimir Solovyov
2937:Neo-scholasticism
2877:John Henry Newman
2811:Louis de Montfort
2806:Alphonsus Liguori
2801:Giambattista Vico
2736:Pierre de Bérulle
2722:French Revolution
2691:Robert Bellarmine
2671:John of the Cross
2557:Julian of Norwich
2515:Bridget of Sweden
2505:John of Ruusbroec
2495:William of Ockham
2411:Francis of Assisi
2401:Dominic de Guzmán
2371:Decretum Gratiani
2346:Berengar of Tours
2235:Early Middle Ages
2205:Peter Chrysologus
2155:Basil of Caesarea
2140:Ephrem the Syrian
2080:Antipope Novatian
1876:
1875:
1777:Jean-Marie Mayeur
1757:Étienne Fouilloux
1742:Giuseppe Alberigo
1620:Sodalitium Pianum
1479:Antonio Fogazzaro
1469:Ernesto Buonaiuti
1398:Biblical exegesis
1339:Project Gutenberg
1281:(Subscription or
1214:978-1-846-82236-0
1152:Outspoken Essays.
980:978-88-6969-256-7
916:978-1-4299-3508-1
843:Tyrrell, George.
765:Tyrrell, George.
638:, B. Herder, 1899
614:Selected writings
585:sign of the cross
521:theory of science
426:Adolf von Harnack
235:Church of Ireland
184:Catholic theology
157:
156:
3362:
3267:
3266:
3108:Emmanuel Mounier
3103:Bernard Lonergan
3028:Georges Bernanos
3013:Jacques Maritain
2993:G. K. Chesterton
2882:Henri Lacordaire
2781:Cornelius Jansen
2776:François Fénelon
2706:Francis de Sales
2696:Francisco Suárez
2567:Nicholas of Cusa
2451:Siger of Brabant
2436:Boetius of Dacia
2416:Anthony of Padua
2361:Joachim of Fiore
2341:Gregory of Narek
2328:High Middle Ages
2273:John of Damascus
2165:Gregory of Nyssa
1903:
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1459:Joseph Bonsirven
1413:Synoptic problem
1377:
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1348:Internet Archive
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1242:(2nd supplement)
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762:
575:. He was given
448:in the Church".
407:Herbert Thurston
362:Francisco Suárez
315:Jesuit formation
284:Society of Jesus
231:Midleton College
227:Rathmines School
166:
113:
91:
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77:Personal details
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3234:Jean-Luc Marion
3172:
3123:Marcel Lefebvre
3048:Romano Guardini
3003:Joseph Maréchal
2981:
2972:Maurice Blondel
2867:Antonio Rosmini
2862:Luigi Taparelli
2840:
2766:Louis Thomassin
2741:Pierre Gassendi
2724:
2720:
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2661:Teresa of Ávila
2599:
2595:
2586:
2572:Marsilio Ficino
2562:Thomas à Kempis
2552:Devotio Moderna
2525:Johannes Tauler
2520:Meister Eckhart
2490:Dante Alighieri
2465:
2431:Albertus Magnus
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2175:John Chrysostom
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2002:Clement of Rome
1983:
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1762:Maurilio Guasco
1730:
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1635:Umberto Benigni
1559:
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1454:Maurice Blondel
1449:Pierre Batiffol
1444:Prosper Alfaric
1432:
1428:Social doctrine
1386:
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1304:Wells, David F.
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1104:Further reading
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349:Aeterni Patris
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3177:21st century
3168:Henri Nouwen
3078:Jean Guitton
3058:Fulton Sheen
2986:20th century
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2887:Jaime Balmes
2845:19th century
2666:Luis de León
2547:Geert Groote
2534:
2351:Peter Damian
2190:John Cassian
2130:Nestorianism
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1989:Early Church
1782:Émile Poulat
1752:Avery Dulles
1747:Pierre Colin
1700:
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1679:
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1659:Publications
1630:Louis Billot
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1548:
1524:Romolo Murri
1514:Alfred Loisy
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180:Jesuit order
159:
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132:Latin Church
124:Denomination
112:(1909-07-15)
110:15 July 1909
38:The Reverend
30:
3295:1909 deaths
3290:1861 births
3239:Tomáš Halík
3163:Jean Vanier
3148:René Girard
3133:Alfred Delp
3098:Yves Congar
3093:Karl Rahner
3068:Dorothy Day
3053:Edith Stein
3023:Ronald Knox
2621:John Fisher
2616:Thomas More
2593:Reformation
2485:Duns Scotus
2480:Ramon Llull
2473:and reforms
2461:Roger Bacon
2426:Bonaventure
2336:Roscellinus
2125:Pelagianism
2096:Constantine
1919:Key figures
1866:WikiProject
1719:equivalents
1596:Pope Pius X
1573:Quanta cura
1529:Maude Petre
1235:Lee, Sidney
1085:"Review of
1063:"Review of
799:6 July 2009
573:Storrington
553:Holy Office
506:Peter Amigo
446:Holy Spirit
334:Tertianship
304:Benedictine
268:Palm Sunday
192:Pope Pius X
176:Anglicanism
169:Anglo-Irish
117:Storrington
3284:Categories
3249:Scott Hahn
2626:Johann Eck
2278:Iconoclasm
2210:Pope Leo I
2070:Tertullian
1772:René Marlé
1735:Historians
1717:Protestant
1285:required.)
1170:0809124246
747:References
525:psychology
327:priesthood
202:Early life
147:theologian
138:Occupation
88:1861-02-06
69:Ordination
3153:Hans Küng
2942:Léon Bloy
2932:Modernism
2785:Jansenism
2471:Mysticism
2065:Montanism
1856:Templates
1702:Le Sillon
1049:0362-4331
989:188218619
590:a divinis
529:astrology
523:and on a
497:The Times
382:The Month
338:St Helens
329:in 1891.
276:Ely Place
198:in 1908.
2685:Molinism
2263:Ecthesis
2215:Boethius
2120:Arianism
2110:Eusebius
2060:Irenaeus
2024:Polycarp
1938:Timeline
1846:Category
1560:reaction
1197:(1912).
1146:(1919).
1018:Archived
1015:SOFN.org
922:16 April
711:Articles
533:Pascendi
502:Pascendi
415:Richmond
323:ordained
223:Anglican
172:Catholic
2606:Erasmus
2456:Thomism
2195:Orosius
2170:Ambrose
2085:Cyprian
2013:Didache
1967:Vulgate
1926:General
1423:Thomism
1346:at the
1237:(ed.).
1160:(1982)
604:Vatican
551:or the
543:Unlike
442:science
325:to the
212:Ireland
150:scholar
2298:Alcuin
2180:Jerome
2075:Origen
1437:People
1391:Issues
1279:
1212:
1168:
1047:
987:
977:
913:
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622:, 1897
508:, the
288:Cyprus
258:Jesuit
239:Hebrew
208:Dublin
144:Priest
96:Dublin
64:Orders
1836:Media
1233:. In
985:S2CID
567:Death
438:faith
292:Malta
249:, an
2268:Bede
1997:Paul
1826:Name
1210:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1150:In:
1045:ISSN
975:ISBN
924:2018
911:ISBN
875:ISBN
644:1901
440:and
403:hell
290:and
107:Died
82:Born
72:1891
1337:at
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606:on
516:".
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