186:
415:(In placing the piece of porphyry in crucible number 6, I'm certain that that piece touched the bottom of the crucible, and yet one sees in the product all of the crystals clustered in the upper part — proof that the liquefaction was complete enough to permit the rising of the crystals of feldspar .) Thus, although Drée had expected the feldspar crystals to float, they instead sank to the bottom of the molten lava — just as had happened in the lavas of James Island and Tenerife.
413:"En plaçant le morceau de porphyre dans le creuset no. 6, je suis certain que ce morceau touchoit au fond du creuset, et cependant on voit dans le produit tous les cristaux réunis dans la partie supérieure, preuve que la liquéfaction a été assez complète pour permettre l'élévation des cristaux de feld-spath (1)."
388:(The experiments of M. de Drée, in which he melted various lavas in a crucible, proved that in such a fluid mass, crystals of feldspar should tend to precipitate to the bottom.) "M. de Drée" was Étienne-Marie-Gilbert, Marquis de Drée (1760–1848) , a French amateur geologist who in 1808 had presented to
639:
364:… (1844), Darwin noted the precipitation of albite crystals within basaltic lava on Santiago Island (or "James Island") of the Galápagos Islands. He then cited a work by "von Buch" (German geologist and paleontologist
571:
386:"Les expériences de M. de Drée, dans lesquelles il a fait fondre diverses laves dans un creuset, ont prouvé que dans une telle masse fluide, les cristaux de feldspath devaient tendre à se précipiter au fond."
201:
praised the book, calling it "the best authority on the general geological structure of most of the regions it describes," and that Darwin was "one of the earliest writers to recognize the magnitude of
178:, Darwin observed that "crystals sink from their weight" and that this "throws light on the separation of the high silica versus low silica series of rocks." This was the first proposal of the
711:
735:
719:
396:(Memoir on a new type of igneous liquefaction that explains the formation of stony lavas). (Summarized (in French) in: Etienne-Marie-Gilbert Drée (1808 March 28)
397:
662:
799:
679:
384:
in the Canary
Islands and where he mentions a "M. de Drée", who had found experimentally that feldspar crystals form and precipitate in molten lava:
687:
703:
607:
103:
834:
807:
541:
773:
631:
443:
109:
756:
615:
530:
511:
179:
866:
743:
552:
506:
501:
267:
922:
750:
591:
519:
116:
The text contains seven chapters, and includes observations made during Darwin's travels to the volcanic island of
829:
814:
727:
496:
764:
670:
141:
483:
377:
436:
695:
582:
567:
488:
87:
466:
365:
238:
182:
hypothesis of magma differentiation that was further developed and demonstrated in the 20th century.
312:
871:
654:
646:
599:
557:
398:"Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de liquéfaction ignée qui explique la formation des laves lithoïdes,"
372:(Berlin, 1825), which was translated into French as: LĂ©opold von Buch, with C. Boulanger, trans.,
394:"Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de liquéfaction ignée qui explique la formation des laves lithoïdes"
357:
296:
290:
429:
164:
927:
286:
Geological
Observations on the Volcanic Islands visited during the Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle
408:
20:
Geological
Observations on the Volcanic Islands, visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
153:
117:
76:
Geological
Observations on the Volcanic Islands, visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
175:
137:
8:
917:
861:
380:
of that translation, where Buch mentions a similar geological formation on the island of
125:
331:
284:
851:
337:
263:
157:
856:
846:
562:
198:
129:
38:
824:
476:
80:
471:
452:
94:
83:
28:
911:
896:
891:
185:
886:
133:
86:. The book was published in 1844, and is based on his travels during the
145:
878:
819:
203:
121:
841:
794:
206:
to which even recent geological accumulations have been subjected."
171:
149:
712:
The
Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
789:
381:
421:
163:
The book includes one of the earliest accounts of the process of
98:
48:
168:
736:
The
Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms
720:
The
Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species
209:
A second edition of the book, published in 1876, combines
663:
The
Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication
376:(Paris, France: F. G. Levrault, 1836). Darwin cited
680:
The
Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
688:The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
370:Physikalische Beschreibung der canarischen Inseln
909:
624:Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands
362:Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands
333:Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands
211:Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands
191:Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands
704:On the Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants
608:The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs
437:
104:The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs
640:On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties
801:Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
101:books written by Darwin that also includes
444:
430:
808:The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
632:Geological Observations on South America
240:Geological Observations on South America
232:
230:
215:Geological Observations on South America
193:as part of a series of books on geology.
184:
110:Geological Observations on South America
276:
97:. It is the second book in a series of
910:
757:The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin
616:Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle
374:Description physique des ĂŽles Canaries
314:The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin
310:
282:
254:
252:
250:
236:
425:
283:Darwin, Charles (1844). "Chapter 6".
227:
306:
304:
262:. Academic Press. 1999. p. 33.
744:The Autobiography of Charles Darwin
247:
13:
451:
14:
939:
325:
301:
79:is a book written by the English
592:Extracts from Letters to Henslow
317:. D. Appleton. pp. 294–295.
815:History of evolutionary thought
728:The Power of Movement in Plants
765:More Letters of Charles Darwin
350:
1:
401:Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences
390:L'Institut national de France
220:
7:
16:1844 book by Charles Darwin
10:
944:
409:On pp. 16–17 of the memoir
366:Christian Leopold von Buch
180:fractional crystallization
782:
581:
459:
260:Encyclopedia of Volcanoes
64:
54:
44:
34:
24:
655:Fertilisation of Orchids
647:On the Origin of Species
600:The Voyage of the Beagle
514:On the Origin of Species
343:
311:Darwin, Charles (1901).
237:Darwin, Charles (1846).
165:magmatic differentiation
107:(published in 1842) and
923:Books by Charles Darwin
835:things named for Darwin
93:, commanded by captain
774:List of described taxa
467:Darwin–Wedgwood family
295:Available on-line at:
194:
507:Publication of theory
502:Development of theory
189:Charles Darwin wrote
188:
113:(published in 1846).
88:second voyage of HMS
696:Insectivorous Plants
543:Insectivorous Plants
407: : 137–142.)
167:. While observing a
568:Portraits of Darwin
497:Inception of theory
126:Fernando de Noronha
21:
195:
19:
905:
904:
671:Natural Selection
338:Project Gutenberg
176:Galápagos Islands
158:Cape of Good Hope
154:Van Diemen's Land
138:Galápagos Islands
72:
71:
935:
446:
439:
432:
423:
422:
416:
411:, Drée stated:
354:
319:
318:
308:
299:
297:Internet Archive
294:
280:
274:
273:
256:
245:
244:
234:
199:Archibald Geikie
132:, the island of
130:Ascension Island
56:Publication date
22:
18:
943:
942:
938:
937:
936:
934:
933:
932:
908:
907:
906:
901:
867:Alternatives to
825:Darwin Industry
778:
577:
553:Religious views
477:Josiah Wedgwood
455:
450:
420:
419:
368:(1774–1853)):
355:
351:
346:
328:
323:
322:
309:
302:
281:
277:
270:
258:
257:
248:
235:
228:
223:
65:Media type
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
941:
931:
930:
925:
920:
903:
902:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
876:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
839:
838:
837:
827:
822:
817:
812:
804:
797:
792:
786:
784:
780:
779:
777:
776:
771:
770:
769:
761:
751:Correspondence
748:
740:
732:
724:
716:
708:
700:
692:
684:
676:
675:
674:
659:
651:
643:
636:
628:
620:
612:
604:
596:
587:
585:
579:
578:
576:
575:
565:
560:
555:
550:
539:
532:Descent of Man
528:
517:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:Voyage on HMS
486:
481:
480:
479:
474:
472:Erasmus Darwin
463:
461:
457:
456:
453:Charles Darwin
449:
448:
441:
434:
426:
418:
417:
348:
347:
345:
342:
341:
340:
327:
326:External links
324:
321:
320:
300:
275:
268:
246:
243:. p. iii.
225:
224:
222:
219:
197:The geologist
95:Robert FitzRoy
84:Charles Darwin
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
36:
32:
31:
29:Charles Darwin
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
940:
929:
928:Geology books
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
913:
898:
897:Huxley family
895:
893:
892:Darwin Awards
890:
888:
885:
883:
882:
877:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
843:
840:
836:
833:
832:
831:
830:Commemoration
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
810:
809:
805:
803:
802:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
785:
781:
775:
772:
767:
766:
762:
759:
758:
754:
753:
752:
749:
746:
745:
741:
738:
737:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
713:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
681:
677:
673:
672:
668:
667:
665:
664:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
648:
644:
641:
637:
634:
633:
629:
626:
625:
621:
618:
617:
613:
610:
609:
605:
602:
601:
597:
594:
593:
589:
588:
586:
584:
580:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
548:
544:
540:
538:
537:
533:
529:
527:
526:
522:
518:
516:
515:
512:Reactions to
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
492:
487:
485:
482:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
468:
465:
464:
462:
458:
454:
447:
442:
440:
435:
433:
428:
427:
424:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
353:
349:
339:
335:
334:
330:
329:
316:
315:
307:
305:
298:
292:
288:
287:
279:
271:
269:9780080547985
265:
261:
255:
253:
251:
242:
241:
233:
231:
226:
218:
216:
212:
207:
205:
200:
192:
187:
183:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:archipelago,
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
111:
106:
105:
100:
96:
92:
91:
85:
82:
78:
77:
67:
63:
59:
53:
50:
47:
43:
40:
37:
33:
30:
27:
23:
887:Darwin Medal
880:
806:
800:
763:
755:
742:
734:
726:
718:
710:
702:
694:
686:
678:
669:
661:
653:
645:
630:
623:
622:
614:
606:
598:
590:
546:
542:
535:
531:
524:
520:
513:
490:
412:
404:
400:
393:
389:
385:
373:
369:
361:
352:
332:
313:
285:
278:
259:
239:
214:
210:
208:
196:
190:
162:
142:James Island
134:Saint Helena
115:
108:
102:
89:
75:
74:
73:
619:(1838–1843)
572:caricatures
378:pp. 190–191
289:. pp.
146:New Zealand
918:1844 books
912:Categories
872:Eclipse of
820:Pangenesis
392:his paper
221:References
204:denudation
156:, and the
122:Cape Verde
81:naturalist
862:Universal
842:Darwinism
795:Dysgenics
525:Variation
484:Education
172:lava flow
150:Australia
790:Eugenics
642:" (1858)
583:Writings
536:Emotions
382:Tenerife
169:basaltic
118:St. Jago
35:Language
852:Quantum
783:Related
666:(1868)
521:Orchids
360:of his
174:in the
99:geology
49:Geology
39:English
881:Beagle
857:Social
847:Neural
811:(1930)
768:, 1903
760:, 1887
747:(1887)
739:(1881)
731:(1880)
723:(1877)
715:(1876)
707:(1875)
699:(1875)
691:(1872)
683:(1871)
658:(1862)
650:(1859)
635:(1846)
627:(1844)
611:(1842)
603:(1839)
595:(1835)
558:Health
491:Beagle
358:p. 117
266:
136:, the
124:, the
90:Beagle
25:Author
563:Women
547:Worms
344:Notes
293:–129.
213:with
45:Genre
879:HMS
460:Life
264:ISBN
68:Book
60:1844
545:to
534:to
523:to
356:On
336:at
291:117
120:in
914::
403:,
303:^
249:^
229:^
217:.
160:.
152:,
148:,
144:,
140:,
638:"
574:)
570:(
445:e
438:t
431:v
405:1
272:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
