38:
451:
807:...To these brigands, each with his different vice, he so entrusted and handed himself over as their tool, that his conduct was far from consistent; for now he was more exacting and niggardly, and now more extravagant and reckless than became a prince chosen by the people and of his time of life. He condemned to death distinguished men of both orders on trivial suspicions without a trial. He rarely granted Roman citizenship, and the privileges of threefold paternity to hardly one or two, and even to those only for a fixed and limited time. When the jurors petitioned that a sixth division be added to their number, he not only refused, but even deprived them of the privilege granted by Claudius, of not being summoned for court duty in winter and at the beginning of the year.
840:
be held in place by a bandage. It is said that he was a heavy eater and in winter time was in the habit of taking food even before daylight, while at dinner he helped himself so lavishly that he would have the leavings which remained in a heap before him passed along and distributed among the attendants who waited on him..... He met his end in the seventy-third year of his age and the seventh month of his reign. The senate, as soon as it was allowed to do so, voted him a statue standing upon a column adorned with the beaks of ships, in the part of the Forum where he was slain; but
Vespasian annulled this decree, believing that Galba had sent assassins from Spain to Judaea, to take his life.
753:
714:
deputies along with their wives and children. Further, that he had melted down a golden crown of fifteen pounds weight, which the people of
Tarraco had taken from their ancient temple of Jupiter and presented to him, with orders that the three ounces which were found lacking be exacted from them. This reputation was confirmed and even augmented immediately on his arrival in the city. For having compelled some marines whom Nero had made regular soldiers to return to their former position as rowers, upon their refusing and obstinately demanding an eagle and standards, he not only dispersed them by a cavalry charge, but even
1197:
744:
601:, the general of the legions of Germania Superior, was an important figure; Caligula installed Galba in the post held by Gaetulicus. According to one report Galba ran alongside Caligula's chariot for twenty miles. As commander of the legions of Germania Superior, Galba gained a reputation as a disciplinarian. Suetonius writes that Galba was advised to take the throne following the assassination of Caligula in 41, but loyally served Caligula's uncle and successor Claudius (r. 41–54); this story may simply be fictional. Galba was appointed as governor of
879:
719:
gardens they had their camp. The following tales too were told in mockery of him, whether truly or falsely: that when an unusually elegant dinner was set before him, he groaned aloud; that when his duly appointed steward presented his expense account, he handed him a dish of beans in return for his industry and carefulness; and that when the flute player Canus greatly pleased him, he presented him with five denarii, which he took from his own purse with his own hand.
825:. Some think that it was due to Titus Vinius, who had great influence at the time, and whose friendship Vitellius had long since won through their common support of the Blues. But since Galba openly declared that no men were less to be feared than those who thought of nothing but eating, and that Vitellius's bottomless gullet might be filled from the resources of the province, it is clear to anyone that he was chosen rather through contempt than favour.
931:, Galba put on a linen corset although remarking it was little protection against so many swords; when a soldier claimed to have killed Otho, Galba snapped "On what authority?". He was lured out to the scene of his assassination in the Forum by a false report of the conspirators. Galba either tried to buy his life with a promise of the withheld bounty or asked that he be beheaded. The only help for him was a
2065:
565:. Ocellina adopted Galba, and he took the name "Lucius Livius Ocella Sulpicius Galba", although he probably kept his original name in unofficial context, as evidenced by the fact that he reverted back to it upon his accession as emperor. Galba preferred males over females in terms of sexual attraction; according to Suetonius, he "preferred full-grown, strong men". Nevertheless, he married a woman named
960:; Piso's head was given to his wife. Galba's head was bought for 100 gold pieces by a freeman who threw it at Sessorium where his master Patrobius Neronianus had been killed by Galba. The body of Galba was taken up by Priscus Helvidius with the permission of Otho; at night Galba's steward Argivus took both the head and body to a tomb in Galba's private gardens on the
725:
several times with appropriate gestures, beginning with that verse. Thus his popularity and prestige were greater when he won, than while he ruled the empire, though he gave many proofs of being an excellent prince; but he was by no means so much loved for those qualities as he was hated for his acts of the opposite character.
718:
them. He also disbanded a cohort of
Germans, whom the previous Caesars had made their body-guard and had found absolutely faithful in many emergencies, and sent them back to their native country without any rewards, alleging that they were more favourably inclined towards Gnaeus Dolabella, near whose
724:
Accordingly, his coming was not so welcome as it might have been, and this was apparent at the first performance in the theatre; for when the actors of an
Atellan farce began the familiar lines "Here comes Onesimus from his farm" all the spectators at once finished the song in chorus and repeated it
839:
He was of average height, very bald, with blue eyes and a hooked nose. His hands and feet were so distorted by gout that he could not endure a shoe for long, unroll a book, or even hold one. The flesh on his right side too had grown out and hung down to such an extent, that it could with difficulty
955:
was publicly executed. Piso was also killed; his head along with Galba's and Vinius' were placed on poles and Otho was then acclaimed as emperor. Galba's head was brought by a soldier to Otho's camp where camp boys mocked it on a lance – Galba had angered them previously by remarking his vigor was
903:
as his successor. Nevertheless, Galba was killed by the
Praetorians on 15 January. Otho was angry that he had been passed over for adoption, and organised a conspiracy with a small number of Praetorian Guards to murder the aged emperor and elevate himself. The soldiery in the capital, composed not
713:
His double reputation for cruelty and avarice had gone before him; men said that he had punished the cities of the
Spanish and Gallic provinces which had hesitated about taking sides with him by heavier taxes and some even by the razing of their walls, putting to death the governors and imperial
707:
Even before he reached middle life, he persisted in keeping up an old and forgotten custom of his country, which survived only in his own household, of having his freedmen and slaves appear before him twice a day in a body, greeting him in the morning and bidding him farewell at evening, one by
947:; one hundred and twenty persons later petitioned Otho that they had killed Galba; they would be executed by Vitellius. A company of Germanic soldiers to whom he had once done a kindness rushed to help him; however they took a wrong turn and arrived too late. He was killed near the
890:
On 1 January 69, the day Galba and Vinius took the office of consul, the fourth and twenty-second legions of
Germania Superior refused to swear loyalty to Galba. They toppled his statues, demanding that a new emperor be chosen. On the following day, the soldiers of
697:, a freedman of Galba. Galba seized the property of Roman citizens, disbanded the Germanian legions, and did not pay the Praetorians and the soldiers who fought against Vindex. These actions caused him to become unpopular.
437:
Galba's physical weakness and general apathy led to his rule being dominated by favorites. Unable to gain popularity with the people or maintain the support of the
Praetorian Guard, Galba was murdered on the orders of
37:
920:. They also resented Galba's purges of their officers and fellow soldiers (this was especially true of the men from the fleet). Many in the Praetorian Guard were shaken by the recent murder of their Prefect
951:. Vinius tried to run away, calling out that Otho had not ordered him killed, but was run through with a spear. Laco was banished to an island where he was later murdered by soldiers of Otho.
1061:
1214:. This information is later contradicted by the statement that he died "in the seventy-third year of his age", which would place his birth in 5 BC. This number is repeated by
2117:
506:, both named Gaius, would hold the office in 5 BC and AD 22 respectively. Galba's grandfather was a historian and his son was a barrister whose first marriage was to
1120:
The shape of the cranium of the
Stockholm bust is so different from that of the drawing — bulging and protruding in the Stockholm bust, receding and flattened in the
7604:
669:, who had his own aspirations for the imperial throne. However, Sabinus was killed by the Praetorians before he could take the throne. While Galba was arriving to
681:, his army was attacked by a legion that had been organized by Nero; a number of Galba's troops were killed in the fighting. Galba, who suffered from chronic
7450:
7609:
1859:
924:– some of the waverers were convinced to come over to Otho's side out of fear Galba might yet take revenge on them for their connection to Sabinus.
7594:
598:
542:; Emperor Tiberius however cheated Galba by reducing the amount to five hundred thousand sesterces and never even paid Galba the reduced amount.
450:
318:
1880:
2113:
1121:
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605:
in 44 or 45. He retired at an uncertain time during the reign of
Claudius, possibly in 49. He was recalled in 59 or 60 by the emperor
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2133:
853:
comments on the character of Galba: "He seemed too great to be a subject so long as he was subject, and all would have agreed that
7574:
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1207:
495:
144:
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624:, in 68. Shortly afterwards Galba, in rebellion against Nero, rejected the title "General of Caesar" in favor of "General of
3959:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
7455:
7430:
3139:
1211:
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503:
132:
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311:
187:
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in his dreams twice; on the latter occasion she "withdrew her support". This happened right before his later downfall.
1901:
538:
to whom he had much respect and in turn by whom he was advanced in his career; in her will she left him fifty million
2383:
2046:
2027:
1982:
1957:
1192:
1181:
900:
363:
7584:
7569:
7475:
1697:
1684:
1485:
1639:
518:; Galba prided himself on his descent from his great-grandfather Catulus. According to Suetonius, he fabricated a
7564:
7554:
6662:
3728:
3711:
3538:
3526:
491:
1219:
1023:"Imperial Elements in the Formula of the Roman Emperors during the First Two and a Half Centuries of the Empire"
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304:
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854:
561:
became the second wife of Galba's father, whom she may have married because of his wealth; he was short and
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6517:
5800:
3555:
2600:
2195:
992:
2013:
1841:
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6050:
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5447:
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5215:
3636:
3315:
2781:
6770:
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5840:
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3831:
3718:
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2620:
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2432:
2272:
414:
during the first half of the first century AD. He retired from his positions during the latter part of
549:
on 24 December 3 BC. His elder brother Gaius fled from Rome and committed suicide because the emperor
470:, but he was a member of a distinguished noble family. The origin of the cognomen Galba is uncertain.
7291:
5062:
3853:
3821:
3646:
2826:
2585:
2423:
2314:
2300:
899:, as emperor. Galba tried to ensure his authority as emperor was recognised by adopting the nobleman
380:
218:
1434:
states that Galba was proclaimed emperor by the Senate the night before Nero's suicide, i.e. 8 June.
7624:
5136:
4907:
4769:
3863:
3816:
3363:
3010:
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6891:
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5185:
5047:
4984:
4773:
4573:
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3671:
3651:
3425:
3305:
2593:
2347:
2325:
2155:
1974:
715:
602:
515:
411:
752:
7614:
7480:
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7018:
6997:
6916:
5830:
5690:
5300:
4934:
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4318:
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3920:
3826:
2616:
2521:
2356:
2219:
2069:
641:
467:
281:
20:
1776:
1609:
1579:
1351:
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6966:
6931:
6911:
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5463:
5367:
4721:
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3841:
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3594:
3582:
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2145:
1419:
1415:
1381:
1083:
685:
by the time he came to the throne, was advised by a corrupt group which included the general
621:
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379:, ruling for 7 months from 8 June AD 68 to 15 January 69. He was the first emperor in the
8:
6981:
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5412:
5407:
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3789:
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3067:
3005:
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2141:
1693:
1124:— that the identification, in spite of the similarity of the features, may be questioned.
613:
523:
427:
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7271:
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5392:
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3222:
3126:
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2845:
2838:
2542:
1946:
1874:
1863:
1539:
1531:
1043:
921:
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743:
7326:
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6213:
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2893:
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1978:
1953:
1770:
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1585:
1557:
1543:
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796:
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and had two sons. Aemilia and their sons died during the early years of the reign of
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735:
Particularly bad was his becoming under the influence of Vinius, Laco and Icelus:
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1968:
1427:
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1113:
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957:
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also refused to swear their loyalty and proclaimed the governor of the province,
290:
4983:
1993:
878:
703:
wrote the following descriptions of Galba's character and physical description:
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3015:
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Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture
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1064:[Old man, called Galba. Portrait head from the late republican era].
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430:'s rebellion and Nero's suicide, he became emperor with the support of the
395:
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Born into a wealthy family, Galba held at various times the positions of
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629:
617:
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689:, commander of one of the legions in Hispania; the praetorian prefect
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101:
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1062:"Gammal man, kallad Galba. Porträtthuvud från sen republikansk tid"
917:
905:
787:
594:
573:(r. 41–54). Galba would remain a widower for the rest of his life.
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423:
415:
474:
offers a number of possible explanations; the first member of the
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1215:
909:
867:
850:
582:
391:
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956:
still unimpeded. Vinius' head was sold to his daughter for 2500
817:
In regard to his appointment of Vitellius to Germania Inferior:
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7122:
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459:
43:
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5321:
5255:
4917:
4586:
4544:
4538:
4330:
4289:
4160:
4153:
4139:
2923:
2694:
2684:
2459:
2405:
2396:
944:
531:
483:
1656:
A damaged silver bust in the so-called "House of Galba", in
1422:(2nd century) give 9 June as the beginning of Galba's rule.
7090:
7080:
6470:
6345:
5546:
4876:
4696:
4678:
4563:
4345:
4340:
4174:
3966:
2669:
2659:
2333:
2191:
2103:
2086:
1687:: "the eighteenth before the Calends of February", also in
1286:
1284:
873:
855:
he was equal to the imperial office if he had never held it
682:
678:
670:
665:
Upon becoming emperor, Galba was faced by the rebellion of
625:
606:
439:
384:
355:
240:
121:
84:
74:
2022:] (in Latin). Translated by Rolfe, J. C. DOVER PUBNS.
1320:
1301:
1299:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
478:
to bear the name might have gotten the name from the term
5295:
1165:
1163:
346:
343:
6516:
1281:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1296:
1228:
1141:
462:
labelled as Galba. Probably a late Republican portrait.
19:
This article is about the emperor. For other uses, see
1663:
1502:"Reversed Epiphanies: Roman Emperors Deserted by Gods"
1442:
1440:
1160:
916:, and Germania, were angered at not having received a
1252:
908:
and several detachments of men from the Roman fleet,
835:
Further on his physical appearance and end of reign:
364:
1269:
632:. At midnight on 8 June, another imperial official,
466:
Galba was not related to any of the emperors of the
352:
349:
1437:
1388:. "Ruled seven months and an equal number of days".
1240:
1129:
340:
1945:
1021:
620:on the anniversary of the death of Nero's mother,
422:), but Nero later granted him the governorship of
1768:
1013:Imperator Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus
7516:
7605:Roman emperors murdered by the Praetorian Guard
943:, who was killed trying to defend Galba with a
904:just of Praetorians but of Galba's legion from
1640:"House of Galba (Casa di Galba) (Herculaneum)"
1558:"Over Life-Size Relief Head of Emperor Galba?"
648:proclaimed Galba emperor. Nero then committed
3982:
2601:
2220:
863:went on to say that Galba was visited by the
628:". He was supported by the imperial official
612:A rebellion against Nero was orchestrated by
534:. Reportedly, Galba was distantly related to
312:
782:
1762:
1458:Suetonius "Life of Galba" Chapters 4; 12–14
821:Galba surprised everyone by sending him to
597:learned of a plot against himself in which
375:; 24 December 3 BC – 15 January AD 69) was
3989:
3975:
2608:
2594:
2227:
2213:
1943:
1712:
1660:, is the only confirmed portrait of Galba.
1371:. "Reigned seven months and as many days".
1326:
1290:
1154:
498:was consul in 144 BC; the later emperor's
445:
319:
305:
36:
7610:Roman governors of Hispania Tarraconensis
2036:
1991:
1669:
1603:
1601:
1525:
1263:
1206:, 4.1., in the year of the consulship of
882:Damaged head of a crowned emperor in the
383:and assumed the throne following Emperor
7399:
1759:Suetonius "Life of Galba" Chapters 19–20
1584:. L'Erma di Bretschneider. p. 124.
1476:Suetonius "Life of Galba" Chapters 21–23
1088:. Getty Publications. pp. 160–164.
877:
874:Mutiny on the frontier and assassination
526:and maternal descent from the legendary
482:, which the Romans used to describe the
449:
7595:People of the Year of the Four Emperors
1899:
1750:Plutarch "Life of Galba" Chapters 26–27
1573:
1571:
1499:
1467:Suetonius "Life of Vitellius" Chapter 7
1446:
1352:"The Writings of Clement of Alexandria"
1108:
1028:Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome
1016:
1009:Servius Galba Imperator Caesar Augustus
175:Imperator Servius Galba Caesar Augustus
145:Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus
7517:
6546:
5911:
5013:
4039:
1970:69 A.D.: The Year of the Four Emperors
1966:
1607:
1598:
1354:. p. 444. "Seven months and six days".
1305:
1275:
1234:
1169:
545:Servius Sulpicius Galba was born near
49:imp(erator) ser(vius) galba aug(ustus)
7398:
6515:
5880:
4982:
4008:
3970:
2589:
2234:
2208:
2011:
1797:
1795:
1246:
1203:
1135:
1081:
7051:
2041:. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press.
1577:
1568:
1317:Suentonius "Life of Galba" Chapter 6
655:
599:Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus
426:. Taking advantage of the defeat of
163:Lucius Livius Ocella Sulpicius Galba
2012:Tranquillus, C. Suetonius (2018) .
1952:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
1930:The Royal Titulary of Ancient Egypt
1801:Plutarch "Life of Galba" Chapter 28
442:, who became emperor in his place.
13:
7590:People from the Province of Latina
1826:
1792:
1182:Suetonius Life of Galba Chapter 23
794:, meaning "liberty to the people,
14:
7636:
2057:
1892:
1350:Wilson, William (trans.) (1867).
1193:Suetonius Life of Galba Chapter 3
901:Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus
790:standing on the reverse; legend:
772:
766:
576:
553:would not allow him to control a
522:of paternal descent from the god
7600:Roman consuls who died in office
7560:Ancient Roman military personnel
2063:
779:
751:
742:
336:
2020:The Lives of the Twelve Caesars
1900:Donahue, John (7 August 1999).
1821:
1804:
1783:
1775:. J. and F. Rivington. p.
1753:
1744:
1731:
1718:
1675:
1650:
1632:
1562:J. Paul Getty Museum Collection
1550:
1500:Hekster, Olivier (March 2009).
1493:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1409:
1391:
1374:
1357:
1344:
1332:
1311:
1186:
769:
609:(r. 54–68) to govern Hispania.
494:had been consul in 200 BC, and
7575:Leaders who took power by coup
1175:
1102:
1075:
1054:
1001:
979:
776:
652:with help from his secretary.
585:in about 30, then governor of
16:Roman emperor from AD 68 to 69
1:
7545:1st-century murdered monarchs
7009:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
2160:P. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus
1948:The Year of the Four Emperors
1944:Greenhalgh, P. A. L. (1975).
1840:, fragments of Book 63 (
1715:, pp. 30, 37, 45, 47–54.
967:
626:The Senate and People of Rome
3996:
972:
886:, believed to portray Galba.
486:, or after an insect called
418:' reign (with the advent of
7:
6942:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
2037:Wellesley, Kenneth (1989).
1430:(4th century) give 8 June.
636:, falsely announced to the
514:and great-granddaughter of
10:
7641:
7550:1st-century Roman emperors
5841:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
5225:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
4989:Second Intermediate Period
3881:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3832:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3719:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
2273:On the Malice of Herodotus
1769:Cornelius Tacitus (1770).
119:15 January AD 69 (aged 70)
18:
7503:
7405:
7394:
7292:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
7036:
6982:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
6877:
6849:
6834:
6797:
6769:
6729:
6711:
6661:
6594:
6579:
6537:
6533:
6511:
6461:
6438:
6371:
6294:
6232:
6184:
6169:
6102:
6049:
5961:
5946:
5902:
5898:
5887:Third Intermediate Period
5876:
5799:
5758:
5666:
5598:
5446:
5214:
5199:
5135:
5109:
5061:
5046:
5004:
5000:
4978:
4933:
4893:
4768:
4753:
4687:
4629:
4572:
4513:
4498:
4388:
4317:
4302:
4203:
4087:
4072:
4030:
4026:
4015:First Intermediate Period
4004:
3957:
3889:
3854:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3822:Andronikos II Palaiologos
3647:Constantine IX Monomachos
3335:
3232:
3115:
2942:
2780:
2628:
2566:
2530:
2289:
2243:
2188:
2171:
2152:
2138:
2122:
2110:
2100:
2091:
2083:
2078:
1115:The Drawings of Rembrandt
593:in 33. In 39 the emperor
381:Year of the Four Emperors
219:Year of the Four Emperors
193:
183:
174:
167:
160:
155:
151:
138:
128:
115:
94:
90:
80:
70:
66:8 June 68 – 15 January 69
62:
55:
35:
30:
7004:Cleopatra VII Philopator
5261:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
4019: (<3150–2040 BC)
3817:Michael VIII Palaiologos
2196:L. Salvius Otho Titianus
2134:L. Cornelius Sulla Felix
2114:Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus
1992:Lendering, Jona (2006).
1906:De Imperatoribus Romanis
1518:10.1163/156852510X456228
512:Quintus Lutatius Catulus
496:another of his ancestors
492:One of Galba's ancestors
213:Roman imperial dynasties
7585:Murdered Roman emperors
7570:Imperial Roman praetors
6977:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
6892:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
5186:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
3672:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
3306:Tiberius II Constantine
2531:Translators and editors
1975:Oxford University Press
1082:Slive, Seymour (2019).
660:
589:for about a year, then
516:Lucius Mummius Achaicus
446:Origins and family life
373:Servius Sulpicius Galba
161:Servius Sulpicius Galba
7565:Imperial Roman consuls
7555:Ancient Roman adoptees
7019:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
6998:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
6992:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
6947:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
6917:Arsinoe III Philopator
5831:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
5301:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
5241:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
4832:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
3827:Michael IX Palaiologos
887:
848:
833:
815:
733:
721:
710:
640:that Nero had fled to
468:Julio-Claudian dynasty
463:
282:Julio-Claudian dynasty
21:Galba (disambiguation)
7540:1st-century BC Romans
6967:Ptolemy X Alexander I
6932:Ptolemy VI Philometor
6912:Ptolemy IV Philopator
6907:Berenice II Euergetes
6902:Ptolemy III Euergetes
6864:Philip III Arrhidaeus
5373:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
5368:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
4722:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
3921:Thessalonian emperors
3915:Trapezuntine emperors
3876:John VIII Palaiologos
3871:Manuel II Palaiologos
3842:John VI Kantakouzenos
3758:Andronikos I Komnenos
3595:Constantine Lekapenos
2623:and empresses regnant
2039:The Long Year A.D. 69
1967:Morgan, Gwyn (2006).
1608:Varner, Eric (2004).
1420:Clement of Alexandria
1416:Theophilus of Antioch
1382:Epitome de Caesaribus
881:
837:
819:
805:
722:
711:
705:
622:Agrippina the Younger
453:
420:Agrippina the Younger
188:Gaius Sulpicius Galba
124:, Italy, Roman Empire
7400:Dynastic genealogies
7024:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
6320:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
6234:High Priests of Amun
5736:Merankhre Mentuhotep
5438:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
5433:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
5286:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
4993: (2040–1550 BC)
4712:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
3859:John VII Palaiologos
3807:Theodore II Laskaris
3667:Constantine X Doukas
3607:Nikephoros II Phokas
2156:C. Bellicius Natalis
2072:at Wikimedia Commons
1772:The Works of Tacitus
1618:. pp. 106–107.
1341:. "7 months 6 days".
1212:Messalla Messallinus
884:J. Paul Getty Museum
402:to the provinces of
6922:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
6859:Alexander the Great
5891: (1550–664 BC)
5413:Mershepsesre Ini II
5408:Merkawre Sobekhotep
4802:Neferkare IV Khendu
3790:Theodore I Laskaris
3775:Alexios III Angelos
3753:Alexios II Komnenos
3677:Romanos IV Diogenes
3632:Romanos III Argyros
3578:Romanos I Lekapenos
2306:Alexander the Great
1881:English translation
1860:English translation
1844:by Earnest Cary on
1842:English translation
1578:Frel, Jiří (1994).
1339:To Autolycus III.27
792:libertas publica sc
764:of Galba. Obverse:
679:Marcus Salvius Otho
614:Gaius Julius Vindex
510:, granddaughter of
7259:Trebonianus Gallus
5846:Senakhtenre Ahmose
5464:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
5418:Sewahenre Senebmiu
5393:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
4822:Neferkare V Tereru
4792:Neferkare III Neby
4460:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
3909:Britannic emperors
3903:Palmyrene emperors
3837:John V Palaiologos
3780:Alexios IV Angelos
3729:Constantine Doukas
3724:Alexios I Komnenos
3712:Constantine Doukas
3695:Michael VII Doukas
3657:Michael VI Bringas
3223:Romulus Augustulus
2846:Trebonianus Gallus
2839:Herennius Etruscus
2621:Byzantine emperors
2543:Arthur Hugh Clough
2166:as suffect consuls
2146:C. Octavius Laenas
2079:Political offices
1875:The Twelve Caesars
1426:(1st century) and
1208:Cornelius Lentulus
1085:Rembrandt Drawings
922:Nymphidius Sabinus
888:
667:Nymphidius Sabinus
634:Nymphidius Sabinus
464:
7512:
7511:
7499:
7498:
7390:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7306:Claudius Gothicus
7200:Severus Alexander
7167:Septimius Severus
7032:
7031:
6830:
6829:
6575:
6574:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6214:Osorkon the Elder
6165:
6164:
5942:
5941:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5836:Nubkheperre Intef
5716:Sekhemre Shedwast
5338:Sehetepkare Intef
5266:Semenkare Nebnuni
5195:
5194:
5042:
5041:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4749:
4748:
4727:Netjerkare Siptah
4649:Neferirkare Kakai
4494:
4493:
4298:
4297:
4068:
4067:
3964:
3963:
3802:John III Vatatzes
3748:Manuel I Komnenos
3487:Michael I Rangabe
3331:
3330:
3173:Petronius Maximus
2772:Severus Alexander
2740:Septimius Severus
2583:
2582:
2570:Comparison extant
2500:Tiberius Gracchus
2266:De genio Socratis
2203:
2202:
2189:Succeeded by
2169:
2139:Succeeded by
2101:Succeeded by
2068:Media related to
1625:978-90-474-0470-5
1591:978-88-7062-814-2
1308:, pp. 33–34.
1237:, pp. 32–33.
1172:, pp. 31–32.
1122:Rembrandt drawing
1118:. Phaidon Press.
1095:978-1-60606-636-2
941:Sempronius Densus
893:Germania Inferior
797:senatus consultum
656:Emperor (June 68)
408:Germania Superior
329:
328:
296:
295:
208:
207:
179:
178:
46:of Galba. Legend:
7632:
7506:List of pharaohs
7396:
7395:
7161:Pescennius Niger
7049:
7048:
7045:
7044:
6957:Ptolemy IX Soter
6927:Cleopatra I Syra
6847:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6544:
6543:
6535:
6534:
6528:
6527:
6513:
6512:
6264:Djedkhonsuefankh
6182:
6181:
6178:
6177:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5929:
5924:
5909:
5908:
5900:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5878:
5877:
5471:Qareh Khawoserre
5457:Yakbim Sekhaenre
5398:Mersekhemre Ined
5212:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5011:
5010:
5002:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4980:
4979:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4037:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4006:
4005:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3968:
3967:
3812:John IV Laskaris
3785:Alexios V Doukas
3770:Isaac II Angelos
3736:John II Komnenos
3662:Isaac I Komnenos
3622:Constantine VIII
3612:John I Tzimiskes
3339:Byzantine Empire
3113:
3112:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2553:Philemon Holland
2442:Cato the Younger
2322:Aratus of Sicyon
2229:
2222:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2163:
2153:Preceded by
2111:Preceded by
2084:Preceded by
2076:
2075:
2067:
2052:
2033:
2015:De Vita Caesarum
2008:
2006:
2004:
1988:
1963:
1951:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1912:on 11 March 2022
1908:. Archived from
1885:John Carew Rolfe
1815:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1701:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1529:
1497:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1413:
1407:
1395:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1361:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1329:, pp. 7–11.
1324:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1294:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1158:
1152:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1025:
1005:
999:
983:
937:Praetorian Guard
846:
831:
813:
793:
785:
784:
781:
778:
774:
771:
768:
755:
746:
731:
650:assisted suicide
638:Praetorian Guard
432:Praetorian Guard
404:Gallia Aquitania
367:
362:
361:
358:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
321:
314:
307:
274:
273:
210:
209:
153:
152:
98:24 December 3 BC
50:
40:
28:
27:
7640:
7639:
7635:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7625:Sulpicii Galbae
7515:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7495:
7401:
7378:
7278:Macrianus Minor
7207:Maximinus Thrax
7143:Marcus Aurelius
7042:
7041:
7040:
7028:
6887:Ptolemy I Soter
6873:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6826:
6793:
6765:
6725:
6707:
6687:Psammetichus IV
6657:
6585:
6584:
6583:
6571:
6549:
6540:
6529:
6526:(664 BC–313 AD)
6525:
6524:
6495:
6457:
6434:
6430:Menkheperre Ini
6367:
6290:
6228:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6161:
6098:
6045:
6026:Neferneferuaten
5952:
5951:
5950:
5938:
5937:
5927:
5922:
5921:Pharaohs
5914:
5905:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5860:
5795:
5754:
5681:Sobekhotep VIII
5662:
5594:
5442:
5403:Sewadjkare Hori
5205:
5204:
5203:
5191:
5131:
5105:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5038:
5016:
5007:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4962:
4929:
4889:
4797:Djedkare Shemai
4759:
4758:
4757:
4745:
4683:
4625:
4568:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4490:
4384:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4294:
4199:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4064:
4042:
4033:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4000:
3995:
3965:
3960:
3953:
3897:Gallic emperors
3885:
3573:Constantine VII
3354:Constantine III
3341:
3338:
3327:
3236:
3228:
3167:Valentinian III
3155:Constantius III
3149:Priscus Attalus
3133:Constantine III
3119:
3111:
3001:Valerius Valens
2946:
2938:
2784:
2776:
2735:Didius Julianus
2715:Marcus Aurelius
2632:
2624:
2614:
2584:
2579:
2562:
2526:
2513:Aemilius Paulus
2285:
2281:Pseudo-Plutarch
2239:
2233:
2199:
2194:
2180:
2178:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2144:
2142:L. Salvius Otho
2130:
2128:
2120:
2118:Aulus Vitellius
2116:
2106:
2097:
2089:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2030:
2002:
2000:
1985:
1960:
1934:
1932:
1915:
1913:
1895:
1890:
1887:on Wikisource).
1866:on Wikisource).
1829:
1827:Ancient sources
1824:
1819:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:; Book I. 25–28
1736:
1732:
1723:
1719:
1713:Greenhalgh 1975
1711:
1704:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1655:
1651:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1576:
1569:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1438:
1428:Aurelius Victor
1414:
1410:
1403:Historia Romana
1396:
1392:
1379:
1375:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1327:Greenhalgh 1975
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1297:
1291:Greenhalgh 1975
1289:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1161:
1155:Greenhalgh 1975
1153:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1080:
1076:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1040:10.2307/4238646
1006:
1002:
987:Fasti Ostienses
984:
980:
975:
970:
897:Aulus Vitellius
876:
847:
844:
832:
829:
814:
811:
804:
803:
802:
801:
791:
765:
758:
757:
756:
748:
747:
732:
729:
663:
658:
579:
448:
365:
339:
335:
325:
291:Flavian dynasty
289:
280:
261:
253:
245:
237:
200:
162:
120:
99:
51:
48:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7638:
7628:
7627:
7622:
7620:Roman pharaohs
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7510:
7509:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7415:
7412:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7374:Maximinus Daza
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7349:
7342:
7335:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7309:
7302:
7295:
7288:
7281:
7274:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7238:
7231:
7224:
7217:
7210:
7203:
7196:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7157:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7133:Antoninus Pius
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7057:
7055:
7046:
7043:(30 BC–313 AD)
7034:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6883:
6881:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6844:
6832:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6807:Artaxerxes III
6803:
6801:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6775:
6773:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6763:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6723:
6717:
6715:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6683:
6678:
6676:Petubastis III
6673:
6667:
6665:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6613:
6608:
6600:
6598:
6589:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6531:
6530:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6467:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6450:
6444:
6442:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6427:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6377:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6300:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6244:
6238:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6190:
6188:
6179:
6171:3 Intermediate
6167:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6108:
6106:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6055:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5967:
5965:
5956:
5953:(1550–1070 BC)
5944:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5906:
5903:
5896:
5895:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5811:
5805:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5764:
5762:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5686:Neferhotep III
5683:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5604:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5516:Sewadjkare III
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5485:Maaibre Sheshi
5481:
5478:'Ammu Ahotepre
5474:
5467:
5460:
5452:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5388:Merhotepre Ini
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5348:Sobekhotep III
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5220:
5218:
5209:
5206:(1802–1550 BC)
5201:2 Intermediate
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5141:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5096:Mentuhotep III
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5067:
5065:
5056:
5053:(2040–1802 BC)
5048:Middle Kingdom
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5008:
5005:
4998:
4997:
4985:Middle Kingdom
4976:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4948:Neferkare VIII
4945:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4920:
4915:
4913:Nebkaure Khety
4910:
4905:
4903:Meryibre Khety
4899:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4837:Neferkamin Anu
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4763:
4760:(2181–2040 BC)
4755:1 Intermediate
4751:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4674:Djedkare Isesi
4671:
4669:Menkauhor Kaiu
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4542:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4508:
4505:(2686–2181 BC)
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4394:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4323:
4321:
4312:
4309:(3150–2686 BC)
4304:Early Dynastic
4300:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4283:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4209:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4190:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4024:
4023:
4002:
4001:
3994:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3971:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3900:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3856:
3851:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3733:
3721:
3716:
3692:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3652:Theodora (III)
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3548:
3543:
3531:
3519:
3514:
3502:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3467:Constantine VI
3464:
3459:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Theodosius III
3428:
3423:
3418:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3376:Constantine IV
3373:
3368:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3234:Eastern Empire
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3152:
3145:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:Western Empire
3110:
3109:
3102:
3090:Magnus Maximus
3086:
3084:Valentinian II
3081:
3076:
3071:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3018:
3016:Constantius II
3013:
3011:Constantine II
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2879:
2874:
2866:
2861:
2843:
2831:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2710:Antoninus Pius
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2633:27 BC – AD 235
2626:
2625:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:Four unpaired
2571:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2504:Gaius Gracchus
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2343:Cato the Elder
2336:
2319:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2255:
2252:Parallel Lives
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2190:
2187:
2170:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2140:
2137:
2121:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2099:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2059:
2058:External links
2056:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2034:
2028:
2009:
1989:
1983:
1964:
1958:
1941:
1922:
1896:
1894:
1893:Modern sources
1891:
1889:
1888:
1867:
1849:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1803:
1791:
1782:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1730:
1717:
1702:
1674:
1670:Wellesley 1989
1662:
1649:
1644:ermakvagus.com
1631:
1624:
1597:
1590:
1567:
1549:
1512:(4): 601–615.
1492:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1451:
1436:
1408:
1390:
1373:
1365:The Jewish War
1356:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1310:
1295:
1280:
1268:
1264:Lendering 2006
1251:
1239:
1227:
1196:
1185:
1174:
1159:
1140:
1128:
1101:
1094:
1074:
1067:Nationalmuseum
1053:
1034:: 19–64 (24).
1018:Hammond, Mason
1000:
977:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
875:
872:
842:
827:
809:
760:
759:
750:
749:
741:
740:
739:
738:
737:
727:
691:Cornelius Laco
662:
659:
657:
654:
578:
577:Public service
575:
567:Aemilia Lepida
559:Livia Ocellina
555:Roman province
508:Mummia Achaica
456:Nationalmuseum
447:
444:
327:
326:
324:
323:
316:
309:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
284:
270:
269:
265:
264:
263:
262:
259:
254:
251:
246:
243:
238:
235:
227:
226:
222:
221:
215:
214:
206:
205:
202:Livia Ocellina
198:Mummia Achaica
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
177:
176:
172:
171:
165:
164:
158:
157:
149:
148:
142:
136:
135:
133:Aemilia Lepida
130:
126:
125:
117:
113:
112:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
53:
52:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7637:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7615:Roman legates
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7522:
7520:
7507:
7502:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7404:
7397:
7393:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7354:
7350:
7348:
7347:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7301:
7300:
7296:
7294:
7293:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7282:
7280:
7279:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7263:
7261:
7260:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7243:
7239:
7237:
7236:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7218:
7216:
7215:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7098:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7054:
7050:
7047:
7039:
7035:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6952:Cleopatra III
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6845:
6837:
6833:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6768:
6762:
6761:
6757:
6755:
6754:Nepherites II
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6728:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6710:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6660:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6618:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6582:
6578:
6568:
6565:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6545:
6542:
6536:
6532:
6523:
6519:
6514:
6510:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6437:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6285:Psusennes III
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6231:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6191:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6180:
6176:(1069–664 BC)
6172:
6168:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Ramesses VIII
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6011:Amenhotep III
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5949:
5945:
5934:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5910:
5907:
5901:
5897:
5888:
5884:
5879:
5875:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5851:Seqenenre Tao
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5826:Sobekemsaf II
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5776:Wepwawetemsaf
5773:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5383:Merneferre Ay
5381:
5379:
5378:Wahibre Ibiau
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5363:Sobekhotep IV
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5202:
5198:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:Amenemhat III
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5101:Mentuhotep IV
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5091:Mentuhotep II
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5049:
5045:
5035:
5032:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5012:
5009:
5003:
4999:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4977:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4953:Wahkare Khety
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:Neferkare VII
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4756:
4752:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4501:
4497:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4455:Seth-Peribsen
4453:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4398:Hotepsekhemwy
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4189:
4188:Double Falcon
4186:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4079:(pre-3150 BC)
4075:
4074:Protodynastic
4071:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4029:
4025:
4016:
4012:
4011:Protodynastic
4007:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3987:
3985:
3980:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3956:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3534:Theodora (II)
3532:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3441:Constantine V
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:Anastasius II
3424:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Theodosius II
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
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3208:
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3201:
3199:
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3141:
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3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Valentinian I
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:Constantine I
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:Constantius I
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
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2952:
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2800:
2798:
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2638:
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2622:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2538:Jacques Amyot
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2497:
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2427:
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2412:
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2403:
2400:
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2385:
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2380:
2376:
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2367:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2310:Julius Caesar
2307:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2094:Roman emperor
2088:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2050:
2048:9781853990496
2044:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2029:9780486822198
2025:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1984:9780195124682
1980:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1959:9780297768760
1955:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:Life of Galba
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:Roman History
1835:
1832:
1831:
1813:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1789:Tacitus p. 46
1786:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1740:
1734:
1728:; Book I. 5–8
1727:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1293:, p. 15.
1292:
1287:
1285:
1278:, p. 32.
1277:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1157:, p. 11.
1156:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:Benesch, Otto
1105:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1004:
998:
995:
994:
989:
988:
982:
978:
965:
963:
959:
954:
950:
949:Lacus Curtius
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:According to
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
898:
894:
885:
880:
871:
869:
866:
865:Roman Goddess
862:
858:
856:
852:
841:
836:
826:
824:
823:Lower Germany
818:
808:
799:
798:
789:
763:
754:
745:
736:
726:
720:
717:
709:
704:
702:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
581:Galba became
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:gens Sulpicia
473:
469:
461:
457:
452:
443:
441:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
377:Roman emperor
374:
370:
369:
360:
333:
322:
317:
315:
310:
308:
303:
302:
300:
299:
292:
288:
285:
283:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
267:
266:
258:
255:
250:
247:
242:
239:
234:
231:
230:
229:
228:
224:
223:
220:
217:
216:
212:
211:
203:
199:
196:
192:
189:
186:
182:
173:
170:
166:
159:
154:
150:
146:
143:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
123:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
57:Roman emperor
54:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
7351:
7344:
7337:
7325:
7318:
7311:
7304:
7297:
7290:
7283:
7276:
7264:
7257:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7219:
7212:
7205:
7198:
7191:
7159:
7152:
7138:Lucius Verus
7095:
7085:
6996:
6972:Berenice III
6962:Cleopatra IV
6937:Cleopatra II
6869:Alexander IV
6789:Nectanebo II
6758:
6739:Nepherites I
6698:Artaxerxes I
6685:
6615:
6603:
6586:(664–332 BC)
6566:
6522:Roman Period
6424:Shoshenq VII
6422:
6395:
6355:
6336:Shoshenq III
6318:
6283:
6246:
6224:Psusennes II
6137:Ramesses VII
6117:Ramesses III
6001:Amenhotep II
5996:Thutmose III
5932:
5821:Sobekemsaf I
5813:
5788:
5781:
5774:
5767:
5747:
5740:
5645:
5628:
5623:'Aper-'Anati
5621:
5614:
5607:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5531:Sekheperenre
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5353:Neferhotep I
5343:Seth Meribre
5320:
5306:Djedkheperew
5223:
5184:
5175:Amenemhat IV
5165:Senusret III
5155:Amenemhat II
5071:Mentuhotep I
5033:
4922:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4787:Neferkare II
4738:
4731:
4664:Nyuserre Ini
4618:
4601:
4556:
4549:
4537:
4478:
4473:Neferkasokar
4471:
4464:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4377:
4370:
4278:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4221:Finger Snail
4219:
4212:
4192:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4059:
3864:Andronikos V
3862:
3845:
3793:
3761:
3739:
3727:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3686:
3680:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3554:
3537:
3525:
3508:
3496:
3490:
3477:Nikephoros I
3452:
3451:
3445:
3412:
3409:Justinian II
3404:Tiberius III
3394:Justinian II
3385:
3379:
3362:
3314:
3286:Anastasius I
3277:
3221:
3217:Julius Nepos
3209:
3202:
3190:
3178:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3079:Theodosius I
3066:
3039:
3032:
3025:
2996:Maximinus II
2983:
2885:
2868:
2855:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2758:
2720:Lucius Verus
2664:
2574:
2558:Thomas North
2518:Themistocles
2469:Gaius Marius
2329:
2313:
2257:
2250:
2184:Titus Vinius
2182:
2174:Roman consul
2172:
2165:
2164:
2132:
2125:Roman consul
2123:
2092:
2038:
2019:
2014:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:
1973:. New York:
1969:
1947:
1933:. Retrieved
1929:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:the original
1905:
1873:
1855:
1846:LacusCurtius
1837:
1822:Bibliography
1811:
1806:
1785:
1771:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1725:
1720:
1692:
1677:
1672:, p. 1.
1665:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1610:
1581:Studia Varia
1580:
1561:
1552:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1447:Donahue 1999
1411:
1401:
1393:
1380:
1376:
1363:
1359:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1313:
1271:
1242:
1230:
1220:
1199:
1188:
1177:
1131:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1084:
1077:
1065:
1056:
1031:
1027:
1012:
1008:
1003:
991:
985:
981:
962:Aurelian Way
926:
889:
859:
849:
838:
834:
820:
816:
806:
795:
734:
723:
712:
706:
699:
687:Titus Vinius
664:
611:
580:
544:
487:
479:
465:
454:Bust in the
436:
389:
387:'s suicide.
372:
331:
330:
286:
277:
232:
110:Roman Empire
25:
7530:3 BC births
7242:Gordian III
7187:Diadumenian
6987:Cleopatra V
6841:(332–30 BC)
6836:Hellenistic
6779:Nectanebo I
6671:Cambyses II
6653:Psamtik III
6611:Tefnakht II
6413:Takelot III
6408:Osorkon III
6403:Shoshenq VI
6357:Pedubast II
6341:Shoshenq IV
6314:Shoshenq II
6279:Pinedjem II
6269:Menkheperre
6204:Psusennes I
6157:Ramesses XI
6147:Ramesses IX
6132:Ramesses VI
6122:Ramesses IV
6069:Ramesses II
6031:Tutankhamun
6006:Thutmose IV
5986:Thutmose II
5976:Amenhotep I
5948:New Kingdom
5883:New Kingdom
5742:Senusret IV
5726:Dedumose II
5701:Nebiriau II
5696:Nebiryraw I
5691:Mentuhotepi
5496:Khakherewre
5423:Merkheperre
5333:Imyremeshaw
5316:Sedjefakare
5271:Sehetepibre
5246:Ameny Qemau
5180:Sobekneferu
5160:Senusret II
5145:Amenemhat I
5127:Iyibkhentre
4857:Neferirkare
4852:Neferkauhor
4659:Shepseskare
4500:Old Kingdom
4486:Khasekhemwy
4466:Neferkara I
4435:Weneg-Nebty
4280:Scorpion II
3923:(1224–1242)
3917:(1204–1461)
3706:Konstantios
3583:Christopher
3556:Constantine
3546:Michael III
3527:Constantine
3510:Constantine
3492:Theophylact
3421:Philippicus
3371:Constans II
3296:Justinian I
3192:Severus III
3140:Constans II
2894:Claudius II
2870:Silbannacus
2817:Gordian III
2792:Maximinus I
2760:Diadumenian
2548:John Dryden
2429:Philopoemen
2366:Demosthenes
1864:A.H. Clough
1834:Cassius Dio
1810:Suetonius,
1658:Herculaneum
1432:Cassius Dio
1398:Cassius Dio
1306:Morgan 2006
1276:Morgan 2006
1235:Morgan 2006
1170:Morgan 2006
1007:Sometimes "
563:hunchbacked
287:Followed by
278:Preceded by
169:Regnal name
71:Predecessor
7519:Categories
7359:Diocletian
7313:Quintillus
7266:Aemilianus
7221:Gordian II
7193:Elagabalus
7014:Arsinoe IV
6897:Arsinoe II
6822:Darius III
6749:Psammuthes
6638:Psamtik II
6453:Bakenranef
6391:Pedubast I
6386:Takelot II
6381:Harsiese A
6363:Osorkon IV
6351:Shoshenq V
6331:Osorkon II
6304:Shoshenq I
6274:Smendes II
6254:Pinedjem I
6199:Amenemnisu
6152:Ramesses X
6127:Ramesses V
6079:Amenmesses
6059:Ramesses I
6021:Smenkhkare
5991:Hatshepsut
5981:Thutmose I
5731:Montuemsaf
5721:Dedumose I
5521:Nebdjefare
5511:Merdjefare
5281:Nedjemibre
5276:Sewadjkare
5150:Senusret I
5122:Qakare Ini
4943:Meryhathor
4847:Neferkaure
4842:Qakare Iby
4827:Neferkahor
4812:Neferkamin
4620:Thamphthis
4614:Shepseskaf
4528:Sekhemkhet
4379:Horus Bird
4256:Scorpion I
3700:Andronikos
3688:Nikephoros
3637:Michael IV
3602:Romanos II
3522:Theophilos
3517:Michael II
3498:Staurakios
3482:Staurakios
3454:Nikephoros
3447:Artabasdos
3359:Heraclonas
3316:Theodosius
3274:Basiliscus
3034:Nepotianus
3027:Magnentius
3021:Constans I
2974:Severus II
2954:Diocletian
2899:Quintillus
2864:Aemilianus
2857:Volusianus
2802:Gordian II
2767:Elagabalus
2630:Principate
2433:Flamininus
2326:Artaxerxes
2301:Coriolanus
2297:Alcibiades
2179:69
2129:33
1527:2066/61695
1406:LXIII, 26.
968:References
762:Sestertius
675:Lusitanian
644:, and the
630:Tigellinus
530:, wife of
268:Succession
225:Chronology
204:(adoptive)
7535:69 deaths
7491:Ptolemaic
7299:Gallienus
7214:Gordian I
7177:Caracalla
7103:Vespasian
7097:Vitellius
6879:Ptolemaic
6721:Amyrtaeus
6703:Darius II
6648:Ahmose II
6628:Psamtik I
6567:uncertain
6555:Pharaohs
6491:Tanutamun
6326:Takelot I
6309:Osorkon I
6259:Masaharta
6209:Amenemope
6112:Setnakhte
6074:Merneptah
6016:Akhenaten
5933:uncertain
5815:Nebmaatre
5636:Sakir-Har
5589:Yaqub-Har
5501:Nebefawre
5251:Hotepibre
5117:Segerseni
5086:Intef III
5034:uncertain
5022:Pharaohs
4654:Neferefre
4480:Hudjefa I
4361:Semerkhet
4098:Hedju Hor
4060:uncertain
4048:Pharaohs
3942:Classical
3927:Empresses
3911:(286–296)
3905:(267–273)
3899:(260–274)
3642:Michael V
3568:Alexander
3381:Heraclius
3349:Heraclius
3301:Justin II
3211:Glycerius
3198:Anthemius
3068:Procopius
3006:Martinian
2985:Maxentius
2914:Florianus
2887:Saloninus
2882:Gallienus
2851:Hostilian
2827:Philip II
2797:Gordian I
2745:Caracalla
2680:Vespasian
2675:Vitellius
2496:Cleomenes
2483:Sertorius
2456:Poplicola
2451:Agesilaus
2424:Marcellus
2420:Pelopidas
2357:Demetrius
2339:Aristides
2235:Works of
1870:Suetonius
1814:, 20, 21.
1739:Histories
1737:Tacitus,
1726:Histories
1724:Tacitus,
1694:Histories
1544:162876998
1506:Mnemosyne
1487:Histories
1247:Suetonius
1221:Histories
1204:Suetonius
1136:Suetonius
997:1978, 295
973:Citations
933:centurion
929:Suetonius
914:Britannia
861:Suetonius
845:Suetonius
830:Suetonius
812:Suetonius
730:Suetonius
716:decimated
701:Suetonius
677:governor
673:with the
587:Aquitania
547:Terracina
540:sesterces
520:genealogy
472:Suetonius
257:Vespasian
249:Vitellius
147:(adopted)
102:Terracina
81:Successor
7451:21 to 23
7369:Galerius
7364:Maximian
7353:Numerian
7320:Aurelian
7272:Valerian
7235:Balbinus
7228:Pupienus
7182:Macrinus
7154:Pertinax
7148:Commodus
7113:Domitian
7076:Claudius
7071:Caligula
7066:Tiberius
7061:Augustus
6681:Darius I
6633:Necho II
6476:Shebitku
6448:Tefnakht
6041:Horemheb
5971:Ahmose I
5783:Pantjeny
5769:Senebkay
5749:Pepi III
5711:Bebiankh
5568:Shenshek
5526:Nebsenre
5358:Sihathor
5328:Khendjer
5291:Renseneb
5236:Nerikare
5081:Intef II
4958:Merykare
4863:Wadjkare
4807:Merenhor
4702:Userkare
4609:Menkaure
4603:Bikheris
4592:Djedefre
4558:Qahedjet
4442:Wadjenes
4428:Horus Sa
4421:Nubnefer
4408:Nynetjer
4372:Sneferka
4112:Ni-Neith
3998:Pharaohs
3937:Usurpers
3932:Augustae
3890:See also
3795:Nicholas
3617:Basil II
3414:Tiberius
3399:Leontius
3387:Tiberius
3364:Tiberius
3342:610–1453
3337:Eastern/
3291:Justin I
3244:Arcadius
3204:Olybrius
3186:Majorian
3127:Honorius
3106:Eugenius
3041:Vetranio
2991:Licinius
2964:Galerius
2959:Maximian
2944:Dominate
2934:Numerian
2904:Aurelian
2877:Valerian
2822:Philip I
2812:Balbinus
2807:Pupienus
2755:Macrinus
2730:Pertinax
2725:Commodus
2690:Domitian
2655:Claudius
2650:Caligula
2645:Tiberius
2640:Augustus
2522:Camillus
2509:Timoleon
2415:Lycurgus
2402:Lysander
2393:Lucullus
2388:Pericles
2237:Plutarch
1935:13 March
1916:25 March
1852:Plutarch
1682:Plutarch
1536:25801887
1424:Josephus
1112:(1955).
1020:(1957).
958:drachmas
918:donative
906:Hispania
843:—
828:—
810:—
788:Libertas
728:—
595:Caligula
571:Claudius
551:Tiberius
528:Pasiphaë
424:Hispania
416:Claudius
400:governor
7346:Carinus
7327:Tacitus
7285:Quietus
7128:Hadrian
6812:Khabash
6643:Wahibre
6623:Necho I
6617:Nekauba
6605:Ammeris
6548:Dynasty
6486:Taharqa
6481:Shabaka
6418:Rudamun
6397:Iuput I
6242:Herihor
6194:Smendes
6094:Twosret
6084:Seti II
5928:female)
5913:Dynasty
5809:Rahotep
5706:Semenre
5676:Djehuti
5658:Khamudi
5647:Yanassi
5630:Salitis
5582:Yakareb
5575:Khamure
5506:Sehebre
5428:Merkare
5076:Intef I
5015:Dynasty
4924:Imhotep
4884:Iytjenu
4870:Khuiqer
4782:Menkare
4733:Neferka
4717:Pepi II
4639:Userkaf
4533:Sanakht
4356:Anedjib
4336:Hor-Aha
4269:Iry-Hor
4263:Shendjw
4235:Pen-Abu
4119:Hat-Hor
4041:Dynasty
3947:Eastern
3847:Matthew
3741:Alexios
3589:Stephen
3551:Basil I
3436:Leo III
3311:Maurice
3254:Marcian
3237:395–610
3161:Joannes
3120:395–480
3074:Gratian
2947:284–610
2929:Carinus
2909:Tacitus
2785:235–285
2705:Hadrian
2487:Eumenes
2478:Theseus
2474:Romulus
2465:Pyrrhus
2438:Phocion
2348:Crassus
2259:Moralia
2003:30 June
1994:"Galba"
1926:"Galba"
1902:"Galba"
1877:, Galba
1689:Tacitus
1216:Tacitus
1048:4238646
935:in the
910:Illyria
868:Fortuna
851:Tacitus
583:praetor
524:Jupiter
504:brother
392:praetor
371:; born
7486:Argead
7333:Probus
7253:Decius
7248:Philip
7123:Trajan
6851:Argead
6760:Muthis
6713:XXVIII
6693:Xerxes
6561:female
6539:Period
6248:Piankh
6219:Siamun
6089:Siptah
6064:Seti I
5904:Period
5856:Kamose
5790:Snaaib
5760:Abydos
5616:Semqen
5609:Sharek
5561:Sheneh
5541:'Apepi
5536:Bebnum
5491:Nehesy
5311:Sebkay
5231:Sonbef
5028:female
5006:Period
4817:Nikare
4707:Pepi I
4644:Sahure
4597:Khafre
4582:Snefru
4551:Sedjes
4523:Djoser
4449:Senedj
4327:Narmer
4286:Narmer
4168:Wazner
4133:Hsekiu
4105:Ny-Hor
4054:female
4032:Period
3709:&
3685:&
3592:&
3563:Leo VI
3539:Thekla
3495:&
3462:Leo IV
3384:&
3323:Phocas
3279:Marcus
3264:Leo II
3180:Avitus
3097:Victor
3062:Valens
3052:Jovian
3047:Julian
2919:Probus
2854:&
2834:Decius
2782:Crisis
2700:Trajan
2447:Pompey
2384:Fabius
2379:Brutus
2370:Cicero
2361:Antony
2352:Nicias
2181:With:
2131:With:
2098:68–69
2045:
2026:
1998:Livius
1981:
1956:
1622:
1588:
1542:
1534:
1369:IV.491
1138:, 3.1.
1092:
1046:
1011:" or "
953:Icelus
939:named
775:galba
695:Icelus
693:, and
646:Senate
603:Africa
591:consul
500:father
488:galbae
460:Sweden
428:Vindex
412:Africa
410:, and
398:, and
396:consul
194:Mother
184:Father
129:Spouse
44:aureus
7580:Livii
7525:Galba
7339:Carus
7118:Nerva
7108:Titus
7086:Galba
7053:XXXIV
7038:Roman
6817:Arses
6744:Hakor
6663:XXVII
6373:XXIII
5963:XVIII
5923:(male
5653:Apepi
5641:Khyan
5554:Wazad
5322:Wegaf
5256:Iufni
5110:Nubia
4918:Setut
4740:Nefer
4587:Khufu
4545:Khaba
4539:Nebka
4403:Nebra
4331:Menes
4290:Menes
4242:Stork
4205:Upper
4161:Neheb
4154:Thesh
4140:Khayu
4089:Lower
3505:Leo V
3472:Irene
3259:Leo I
2924:Carus
2695:Nerva
2685:Titus
2665:Galba
2617:Roman
2575:Lives
2460:Solon
2406:Sulla
2397:Cimon
2330:Galba
2290:Lives
2244:Works
2070:Galba
2018:[
1812:Galba
1698:27-49
1616:Brill
1540:S2CID
1532:JSTOR
1249:, 22.
1223:1.49.
1044:JSTOR
945:pugio
642:Egypt
536:Livia
532:Minos
484:Gauls
480:galba
332:Galba
260:69–79
236:68–69
233:Galba
156:Names
140:Issue
106:Italy
100:Near
63:Reign
42:Gold
31:Galba
7172:Geta
7091:Otho
7081:Nero
6799:XXXI
6784:Teos
6731:XXIX
6596:XXVI
6581:Late
6558:male
6518:Late
6471:Piye
6440:XXIV
6346:Pami
6296:XXII
5885:and
5801:XVII
5547:Nuya
5216:XIII
5025:male
4987:and
4877:Khui
4774:VIII
4697:Teti
4679:Unas
4564:Huni
4366:Qa'a
4346:Djet
4341:Djer
4249:Bull
4228:Fish
4194:Wash
4175:Mekh
4051:male
3861:(w.
3844:(w.
3792:(w.
3763:John
3760:(w.
3738:(w.
3726:(w.
3697:(w.
3679:(w.
3580:(w.
3553:(w.
3536:(w.
3524:(w.
3507:(w.
3489:(w.
3450:(w.
3411:(w.
3378:(w.
3361:(w.
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3276:(w.
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3136:(w.
3093:(w.
2884:(w.
2848:(w.
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2757:(w.
2750:Geta
2670:Otho
2660:Nero
2619:and
2520:and
2511:and
2498:and
2492:Agis
2485:and
2476:and
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2449:and
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2422:and
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2404:and
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2377:and
2375:Dion
2368:and
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2350:and
2341:and
2334:Otho
2328:and
2315:life
2308:and
2299:and
2192:Otho
2104:Otho
2087:Nero
2043:ISBN
2024:ISBN
2005:2019
1979:ISBN
1954:ISBN
1937:2018
1918:2019
1685:24.1
1620:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1489:1.49
1418:and
1210:and
1090:ISBN
783:tr p
777:caes
773:sulp
708:one.
683:gout
671:Rome
661:Rule
618:Gaul
607:Nero
502:and
440:Otho
385:Nero
241:Otho
122:Rome
116:Died
95:Born
85:Otho
75:Nero
6771:XXX
6520:to
6463:XXV
6186:XXI
6051:XIX
5668:XVI
5448:XIV
5296:Hor
5137:XII
4770:VII
4515:III
4351:Den
4147:Tiu
4013:to
3682:Leo
3627:Zoe
2873:(?)
2176:II
1883:by
1862:by
1522:hdl
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1069:.se
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857:."
780:aug
770:ser
767:imp
616:in
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