332:, "explaining her many suicide attempts and use of alcohol and pills to self-medicate." Her mental health problems were likely related to childhood trauma, possibly untreated complex PTSD, a common shared experience with LGBTQ+ people. In the face of these challenges she pressed forward, "explaining her enduring popularity among LGBTQ fans". She also endured "self-doubts about her capabilities, suffered crippling stage fright", yet beamed on stage. Onstage "she 'came out', expressing through her skills the real person she was meant to be". LGBTQ people notice this, "admiring her courage and resilience, adopting it as their own". One psychiatrist's explanation: "Judy was beaten up by life, embattled and ultimately had to become more masculine. She has the power that homosexuals would like to have, and they attempt to attain it by idolizing her."
96:
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371:, Louis Staples analyzed Garland's story, to "understand how and why some gay men look to famous women to help them navigate the world." Both Dorothy and Garland are taken from ordinary lives into the spectacular, LGBTQ people perceiving themselves as abnormal, different, or "other" could relate to not being ordinary. Once in the Hollywood movie business, Garland's body was a battleground for never being sexy enough, or slim enough; LGBTQ people can relate to dealing with "
3391:
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557:, gay and lesbian passengers began approaching ship staff, asking them to publicise gatherings in the daily cruise activity list. As the cruise lines were hesitant to announce such things so blatantly in their daily publications, they would list the gathering as a "Meeting of the Friends of Dorothy". The use of this phrase likely comes from the cruise directors who were also familiar with and using the "
517:(1940s) many U.S. and British servicemen started meeting and forming friendships while serving in Europe. Living in fear of discovery and persecution, many began using the code language that Parker used commonly in her writings as a form of social networking including "friend of Dorothy". In conversation and in letter writing, phrases like "simply divine", "fabulous" and "
685:
anything much to do with the riot, that makes me crazy. The street kids faced death every day. They had nothing to lose. And they couldn't have cared less about Judy. We're talking about kids who were fourteen, fifteen, sixteen. Judy
Garland was the middle-aged darling of the middle-class gays. I get upset about this because it trivializes the whole thing."
429:, was discovered by Herron while Allen was performing in Hong Kong. Garland took the act, the Allen Brothers, under her care becoming manager and booking agent, and had them open her concerts in Britain and the United States. Garland also introduced Allen to her daughter, but Allen was having affairs with men before the marriage; he later
249:. How the group of outcasts worked together likewise mirrors LGBTQ people who create new chosen families. Researchers also note there is an absence of a heteronormative male–female romance, and Dorothy and her friends "do not need to change themselves to become who they want to be". Many see Garland's portrayal as a "
684:
recalls she was saddened and amazed by the turnout at
Garland's funeral on Friday, June 27, she said that she did not feel like going out much but changed her mind later. Bob Kohler used to talk to the homeless youth in Sheridan Square, and said, "When people talk about Judy Garland's death having
679:
earlier in the week on June 22, 1969, has been attributed as a significant factor in the riots, but no participants in
Saturday morning's demonstrations recall Garland's name being discussed. No print accounts of the riots by reliable sources cite Garland as a reason for the riot, although one
138:
who, upon meeting
Dorothy's travelling companions, exclaims, "You have some queer friends, Dorothy", and she replies, "The queerness doesn't matter, so long as they're friends." There are numerous references to LGBTQ characters and relationships, including a possible innuendo about
466:, whose social circles in the 1920s and 1930s included gay men. The two origin stories are not mutually exclusive; both could be somewhat true depending on how one learned of the phrase, or even separately where it derived. The socialite would throw "famous parties at
596:
a woman named
Dorothy at the center of a massive ring of homosexual military personnel, so they launched an enormous and futile hunt for the elusive "Dorothy", hoping to find her and convince her to reveal the names of gay service members.
300:. Garland's problems, "the drinking and divorcing, all the pills and all the men, all the poundage come and gone", were documented in the media. She was among the first stars to have her "dirty laundry" aired publicly. She was the "
2337:
278:, observed: "A disproportionate part of her nightly claque seems to be homosexual. The boys in the tight trousers roll their eyes, tear at their hair and practically levitate from their seats, particularly when Judy sings ."
571:
Such meetings have expanded in popularity and frequency over the years. Now, many cruise lines will have multiple FOD events, sometimes as many as one each night. Despite this, many FOD meetings have low turnout rates.
384:
Garland also had a number of gay men in her life including her father Frank Gumm who "preferred the company of very young men". There was speculation for years in the entertainment community that her second husband
82:
is thought to be another potential origin of the term. The "friend of
Dorothy" euphemism was commonly used throughout the 20th century, but its use has declined in recent decades as LGBT acceptance has advanced.
358:'s Marilyn Malara, "In the 1950s and 1960s, Garland acted as an unofficial mascot for a generation of gay men, who flocked to Garland's many performances, referring to themselves as 'friends of Dorothy.'"
1078:
179:
in the form of the boy Tip, and had no memory of ever having been a girl. Later, Princess Ozma would be the ruler of the fictional land of Oz. Princess Ozma has been referred to as “one of the first
175:. Mombi transformed Ozma into a boy and called him "Tip" (short for Tippetarius) in order to prevent the rightful ruler of Oz from ascending to the throne. Thus, Ozma spent her entire childhood with
1851:
486:. Parker would invite gay men, who would in turn invite other gay men to her gatherings using the code phrase to gain entry. Parker had many gay fans, and was well known for her quick
2480:
592:
area. Agents discovered that gay men sometimes referred to themselves as "friends of
Dorothy". Unaware of the historical meaning of the term, the NIS believed that there actually
1187:
2473:
521:" began to be used by men, who later brought its use back to the United States. By the 1960s and onward the social stigma of being gay was slowly lifting, including the
502:
151:
he says, "Of course some people go both ways" – although it is unknown whether they were intentionally included. For instance, in a case that may be seen as changing
2403:
264:" that Dorothy (Judy Garland) sings, which was possibly "the most memorable performance" of Garland's career, and the song "contributed to the evolution of the
1086:
1645:
381:(1954) "Garland's work and life tells a story of survival, and of someone trying to assert some form of control in a world that was set up to destroy her."
375:, harm their bodies, attempt suicide and suffer from eating disorders." Richard Dyer argues that, after her artistic success in, but commercial failure of
217:. In the film, Dorothy is accepting of those who are different. For example, the "gentle lion" giving the line, "I'm afraid there's no denyin', I'm just a
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from 1920 to 1933, when social alcohol consumption was generally illegal, prompted all forms of illegal activities to circumvent the ban, including
1471:
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421:, which was only briefly interrupted by his marriage to Garland. The two men remained together until Brandon's death in 1990. Garland's daughter
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413:. But when he came to Hollywood, I think he made the decision to repress that part of himself or to become bisexual." Garland's fourth husband,
1914:
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as a gay icon". The song "act as a cultural catalyst, propelling the eventual embrace of the rainbow symbol by the world's LGBTQ communities".
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In recent years the use of FOD on cruise ships has largely been replaced by LGBTQ Gathering/Meetup, or PRIDE Gathering/Meetup.
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2072:
409:. According to the biographer: "He was openly gay in New York – we were able to document names of companions and stories from
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Roberts, Andrea L.; Austin, S. Bryn; Corliss, Heather L.; Vandermorris, Ashley K.; Koenen, Karestan C. (December 1, 2010).
585:
581:
820:
2394:(Explores the use of language to define gay and lesbian culture by examining stereotypes as access points into history.)
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1349:"Pervasive Trauma Exposure Among US Sexual Orientation Minority Adults and Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder"
1156:
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Aas, Monica; Henry, Chantal; Andreassen, Ole A.; Bellivier, Frank; Melle, Ingrid; Etain, Bruno (December 2016).
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619:, in the meaning of "gay man"). This was used in England, mostly in the first half of the 20th century.
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257:, morally rigid, black-and-white small-town life to Technicolor city existence with fabulous friends".
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2370:(Twenty-nine essays covering aspects of the gay and lesbian world from ancient to contemporary times.)
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Garland's death (June 22, 1969), and funeral held in New York City, happened days before the
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1221:, in its August 18, 1967, review of Garland's final engagement at New York's Palace Theatre.
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In
September 2019, in reporting on the resurgence of interest in Garland due to the biopic
225:
has a "particular resonance in the culture of the queer community". The struggles faced by
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8:
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Making
History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights, 1945–1990: An Oral History
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first surfaced in the early 20th century. The U.S. introduced a ban in a revision of the
342:"One could mistake the front rows in audiences of her live concerts for a meeting of the
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magazine, in its August 18, 1967, review of
Garland's final engagement at New York's
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Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940
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The precise origin of the term is unknown. Some believe that it is derived from
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origins of the phrase (although not connected to the L. Frank Baum novels) is
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2103:
2000:
1763:
The Question of Equality: Lesbian and Gay Politics in America since Stonewall
1372:
1364:
1289:
1188:"How 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' was almost cut, then influenced a movement"
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401:, claims he lived as an openly gay man in New York prior to his arrival in
293:
226:
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103:
99:
63:
48:
2073:"European Court of Human Rights Overturns British Ban on Gays in Military"
3369:
3191:
2859:
2779:
2734:
2579:
2520:
2508:
2504:
2092:"Critic's Notebook; Why Oz Is a State of Mind in Gay Life and Drag Shows"
554:
414:
394:
362:
254:
156:
140:
2448:
942:
creator's legacy lives on in central New York a century after his death"
462:'s celebrated humorist, critic and "defender of human and civil rights"
2844:
2599:
2569:
2539:
821:"The enduring (gay?) appeal of 'The Wizard of Oz': Minister of Culture"
680:
sarcastic account by a heterosexual publication suggested it. Although
649:
246:
107:
36:
2924:
2879:
2849:
2699:
2639:
2159:
The Lover's Tongue: A Merry Romp Through the Language of Love and Sex
475:
301:
297:
230:
47:
while avoiding hostility. The term was likely based on the character
28:
3342:
3006:
2689:
2674:
2669:
2564:
1417:
908:
pulls back the curtain on its groundbreaking, revolutionary agenda"
546:
483:
470:
lavish celebrity villas", gay men would use the phrase for entry.
430:
406:
164:
2839:
2809:
2784:
2684:
2500:
2496:
2047:""Drag Race" Herstory Lesson: 15 of Dorothy Parker's Best Quotes"
589:
558:
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335:
292:
LGBTQ people could also empathize with the personal struggles of
59:
32:
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2965:
2904:
2744:
2739:
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417:, was gay and in a long-lasting relationship with fellow actor
163:, while still an infant, the baby daughter of the former King
2709:
2516:
2512:
675:
In the years since the riots occurred, the death of gay icon
250:
218:
176:
168:
2274:
Conduct Unbecoming: Gays & Lesbians in the U.S. Military
732:"Homomasculinity: Framing Keywords of Queer Popular Culture"
2247:(1st ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann.
1261:
969:
The Universe of Oz: Essays on Baum's Series and Its Progeny
876:"Lost in Transition: Meet the transgender princess of "Oz""
308:, paving the way for the stormy trajectories of superstars
305:
2245:
Gay and Lesbian Tourism: The Essential Guide for Marketing
1603:
Evelyn Brent: The Life and Films of Hollywood's Lady Crook
1085:. University of Sheffield. March 11, 2019. Archived from
708:
Speaking in Queer Tongues: Globalization and Gay Language
487:
390:
2404:
Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.
2354:
Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past
1930:
Gay-2-zee: A Dictionary of Sex, Subtext, and the Sublime
1883:
Gay Icons: The (Mostly) Female Entertainers Gay Men Love
338:, particularly older ones, were among her biggest fans:
2345:
1079:"Eighty years over the rainbow: how music transformed
1002:"Why Oz Is a State of Mind In Gay Life and Drag Shows"
58:, which have been interpreted as including much queer
1673:
Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution
1646:"Born Today in 1944, Singer, Songwriter Peter Allen"
849:"Why is it so difficult to update The Wizard of Oz?"
626:
565:
that there were support group meetings on the trip.
1264:"The Role of Childhood Trauma in Bipolar Disorders"
86:
2414:
2375:
2351:
1760:
1705:
1528:
1237:"Friends of Dorothy: Judy died 50 years ago today"
1614:
1612:
1441:"Vincente Minnelli and Gene Kelly Had an Affair?"
1323:"'Stormy Weather': Judy Garland's Troubled Youth"
1043:
1041:
1039:
509:and the UK first prohibited homosexuality in the
3407:
2305:
1801:"Is He a Friend of Dorothy? Is She a Dragzilla?"
898:
896:
843:
841:
790:"This feminist icon may have partially inspired
2219:"FOD FAQ's, or Who Are the Friends of Dorothy?"
2194:"FOD FAQ's, or Who Are the Friends of Dorothy?"
2125:"Either Way, Giuliani Is a 'Friend of Dorothy'"
1020:
705:
529:, and the phrase was no longer needed as much.
3370:Wicked Witch of the West Sesame Street episode
1963:"How to Be the Best Friend of Dorothy in WeHo"
1932:(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press.
1609:
1036:
588:(NCIS) was investigating homosexuality in the
561:" phrase in their programs to tell members of
296:, as a persecuted people they identified with
3180:The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True
3022:
2481:
1675:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 260.
999:
893:
838:
213:, who starred as the main character Dorothy,
106:) and her "queer friends", based on whom the
2378:Another Mother Tongue: Gay Words, Gay Worlds
1413:"Why is Judy Garland the ultimate gay icon?"
967:Durand, Kevin K. J.; Leigh, Mary K. (2010).
710:. University of Illinois Press. p. 98.
549:'s gay village, is a play on the slang term.
541:The name of this cafe, Dorothy's Sister, in
1531:Vincente Minnelli: Hollywood's Dark Dreamer
966:
399:Vincente Minnelli: Hollywood's Dark Dreamer
260:Additionally relevant is the classic song "
3029:
3015:
2488:
2474:
2458:
2079:. Vol. 7, no. 3. pp. 18–20.
1913:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1744:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1268:International Journal of Bipolar Disorders
39:. Stating that, or asking if someone is a
2242:
1881:Guilbert, Georges-Claude (May 30, 2018).
1500:
1494:
1380:
1297:
1279:
584:(NIS), the predecessor to the modern-day
405:, where the town pressured him back into
2331:
2089:
1880:
1758:
1703:
1600:
1549:
1155:Gross, Michael Joseph (August 1, 2000).
706:Leap, William; Boellstorff, Tom (2003).
536:
94:
2408:(Revised ed.). New York: Meridian.
1581:
1463:
1432:
1410:
580:In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the
553:Starting in the late 1980s, on several
134:(1900). The book introduces readers to
3408:
2412:
2267:
2156:
1986:
1927:
1670:
1185:
818:
600:
233:, and friends, especially against the
3010:
2469:
2444:Cruise Critic on "Friends of Dorothy"
2373:
2350:; Chauncey, George Jr., eds. (1989).
2188:
2186:
1852:"A handy guide to hating 'Stonewall'"
1411:Staples, Louis (September 23, 2019).
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1212:
1210:
1181:
1179:
1177:
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1148:
1146:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
971:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.
756:Baum, Frank Lyman (October 6, 2015).
350:means of encountering other gay men."
128:(1909), a sequel to the first novel,
3036:
2397:
2070:
1960:
1620:"'The Boy From Oz' celebrates Allen"
1526:
1520:
1503:"Images of Magic and Transformation"
1501:McElhaney, Joe (December 20, 2010).
874:Finn, Charlotte (October 12, 2015).
873:
755:
586:Naval Criminal Investigative Service
440:, the spark that started the modern
181:transgender characters in literature
3421:Cultural depictions of Judy Garland
2026:Prohibition: An Interactive History
1826:"A Modern Catalogue of Queer Slang"
1712:(1st ed.). New York. pp.
1320:
1026:"Judy Garland as a Force of Nature"
914:. February 25, 2017. Archived from
575:
203:refers to the derivative 1939 film
192:
13:
3235:Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz
2324:
2183:
1987:Drehle, David Von (May 24, 2010).
1397:
1224:
1207:
1174:
1143:
1101:
819:Heaton, Michael (March 23, 2016).
525:in 1969 which launched the modern
114:
14:
3452:
2437:
1469:
1438:
1353:American Journal of Public Health
1186:Malara, Marilyn (July 17, 2015).
447:
199:More commonly, it is stated that
183:." This storyline was revived in
43:, is a furtive way of suggesting
3390:
3389:
3090:
2989:
2988:
1601:Kear, Lynn; King, James (2009).
1582:Stevens, Dana (April 24, 2009).
1535:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
1126:"Why Judy Garland still matters"
656:Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall
629:
472:Prohibition in the United States
3256:Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return
2299:
2261:
2236:
2211:
2150:
2117:
2090:Brantley, Ben (June 28, 1994).
2083:
2064:
2039:
2014:
1980:
1961:Hull, Keldine (July 19, 2018).
1954:
1921:
1874:
1844:
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1793:
1752:
1697:
1664:
1638:
1594:
1575:
1340:
1314:
1255:
1071:
1014:
1000:Brantley, Ben (June 28, 1994).
993:
960:
669:
511:Army and Air Force Acts in 1955
281:
3319:The Making of The Wizard of Oz
2022:"The Speakeasies of the 1920s"
1767:. New York: Scribner. p.
1472:"Was Vincente Minnelli A Gay?"
930:
867:
812:
782:
749:
724:
699:
1:
3082:Gingham dress of Judy Garland
692:
3337:The Dark Side of the Rainbow
3270:Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz
3145:If I Were King of the Forest
3117:Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead
2976:Terminology of homosexuality
2161:. Toronto: Insomniac Press.
2157:Morton, Mark Steven (2003).
1704:Duberman, Martin B. (1993).
1626:. NBC News. October 17, 2003
1557:"The Real Vincente Minnelli"
503:gays serving in the military
346:. A Garland event was a pre-
262:(Somewhere) Over the Rainbow
253:journey, an escape from the
16:Gay slang term for a gay man
7:
3350:Meco Plays The Wizard of Oz
3124:We're Off to See the Wizard
2421:. New York: HarperCollins.
2308:"The Sorcerer's Apprentice"
622:
582:Naval Investigative Service
245:mirror the difficulties of
66:, who portrayed Dorothy in
10:
3457:
3051:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
1928:Reuter, Donald F. (2006).
1193:United Press International
645:Judy Garland as a gay icon
356:United Press International
288:Judy Garland as a gay icon
285:
131:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
3385:
3310:
3284:
3263:Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz
3249:Oz the Great and Powerful
3154:
3099:
3088:
3062:
3046:
2984:
2958:
2585:Top, bottom and versatile
2527:
2306:Richardson, John (1999).
1605:. McFarland. p. 224.
1281:10.1186/s40345-015-0042-0
304:of the triumphant/tragic
167:, was given to the witch
3138:The Merry Old Land of Oz
2770:Lesbian until graduation
2382:. Boston: Beacon Press.
2341:. New York: Basic Books.
2243:Guaracino, Jeff (2007).
1759:Deitcher, David (1995).
1584:"Musicals and Melodrama"
1365:10.2105/AJPH.2009.168971
662:
532:
235:Wicked Witch of the West
2406:: A Documentary History
2358:. New York: NAL Books.
507:Articles of War of 1916
147:which way to go on the
2071:Kamm, Richard (2000).
1671:Carter, David (2004).
1586:. Sunday Book Review.
1527:Levy, Emanuel (2009).
550:
352:
328:thinks she was likely
111:
3206:Off to See the Wizard
3131:If I Only Had a Brain
2715:Flagging (hanky code)
2413:Marcus, Eric (1992).
2131:. September 8, 2001.
1130:The Bay Area Reporter
1083:into a cultural icon"
736:www.jackfritscher.com
540:
527:LGBTQ rights movement
442:LGBTQ rights movement
340:
98:
2450:Common Ground (2000)
2374:Grahn, Judy (1990).
1652:on February 25, 2021
563:Alcoholics Anonymous
482:, also known as the
171:of the North by the
143:– when Dorothy asks
78:. Writer and critic
3357:Miss Gulch Returns!
1862:on January 26, 2016
1856:The Washington Post
1157:"The Queen Is Dead"
1059:. February 25, 2019
1053:turns 80 this year"
613:friend of Mrs. King
602:Friend of Mrs. King
3213:Journey Back to Oz
3174:2011 stage musical
3169:1987 stage musical
3164:1942 stage musical
3155:Versions, sequels,
2835:Same gender loving
2346:Duberman, Martin;
2313:The New York Times
2279:St. Martin's Press
2096:The New York Times
2077:Human Rights Brief
1588:The New York Times
1089:on October 5, 2021
1030:The New York Times
1007:The New York Times
559:Friends of Bill W.
551:
425:'s first husband,
344:Mattachine Society
112:
45:sexual orientation
3403:
3402:
3364:Under the Rainbow
3325:Friend of Dorothy
3071:Surrender Dorothy
3004:
3003:
2765:Heteroflexibility
2720:Friend of Dorothy
2254:978-0-7506-8232-9
2129:Los Angeles Times
1989:"The Demon Drink"
1885:. Jefferson, NC.
1832:. August 11, 2016
1482:on April 17, 2015
1359:(12): 2433–2441.
1024:(June 14, 1998).
918:on March 14, 2017
855:. January 6, 2017
609:friend of Dorothy
501:Official bans on
468:Garden of Allah's
387:Vincente Minnelli
201:friend of Dorothy
149:yellow-brick road
41:friend of Dorothy
21:friend of Dorothy
3448:
3441:1900s neologisms
3393:
3392:
3376:The Wozard of Iz
3331:Over the Rainbow
3242:The Wicked Years
3220:The Wizard of Oz
3110:Over the Rainbow
3094:
3039:The Wizard of Oz
3031:
3024:
3017:
3008:
3007:
2992:
2991:
2971:LGBT linguistics
2950:Womyn-born womyn
2775:Lipstick lesbian
2490:
2483:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2432:
2420:
2409:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2342:
2333:Chauncey, George
2318:
2317:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2240:
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2231:
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2209:
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2190:
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2037:
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2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1984:
1978:
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1973:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1904:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1858:. Archived from
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1797:
1791:
1790:
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1743:
1735:
1711:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1648:. Archived from
1642:
1636:
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1633:
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1598:
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1579:
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1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1507:Senses of Cinema
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1478:. Archived from
1470:Musto, Michael.
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1447:. Archived from
1439:Musto, Michael.
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
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1395:
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1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1081:The Wizard of Oz
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1057:Washington Blade
1051:The Wizard of Oz
1045:
1034:
1033:
1018:
1012:
1011:
997:
991:
990:
964:
958:
957:
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953:
948:. April 14, 2019
946:The Daily Orange
940:The Wizard of Oz
934:
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891:
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888:
886:
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865:
864:
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833:
831:
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810:
809:
807:
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792:The Wizard Of Oz
786:
780:
779:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
728:
722:
721:
703:
686:
673:
639:
634:
633:
632:
576:Misunderstanding
480:Roaring Twenties
455:The Wizard of Oz
310:Elizabeth Taylor
223:The Wizard of Oz
206:The Wizard of Oz
194:The Wizard of Oz
91:and Judy Garland
74:, is considered
56:series of novels
35:, first used in
3456:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3381:
3306:
3280:
3157:and adaptations
3156:
3150:
3095:
3086:
3058:
3042:
3035:
3005:
3000:
2980:
2954:
2945:Unicorn hunting
2575:Butch and femme
2523:
2494:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2390:
2366:
2348:Vicinus, Martha
2327:
2325:Further reading
2322:
2321:
2304:
2300:
2289:
2281:. p. 387.
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2015:
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1454:
1452:
1451:on May 24, 2015
1437:
1433:
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1409:
1398:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1321:Kettler, Sara.
1319:
1315:
1260:
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1246:
1244:
1243:. June 22, 2019
1235:
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1022:Paglia, Camille
1019:
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882:
872:
868:
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847:
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839:
829:
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817:
813:
803:
801:
800:. June 21, 2018
788:
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535:
523:Stonewall Riots
496:social activism
476:the speakeasies
450:
438:Stonewall Riots
397:. A biography,
373:body dysmorphia
369:Renée Zellweger
314:Whitney Houston
290:
284:
197:
153:gender identity
120:
93:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3436:Oz (franchise)
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3134:
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3089:
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3047:
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3019:
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2999:
2998:
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2979:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:U-Haul lesbian
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
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2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2800:Party and play
2797:
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2782:
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2772:
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2757:
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2647:
2642:
2637:
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2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2590:Bottom surgery
2587:
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2562:
2557:
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2470:
2464:
2463:
2446:
2439:
2438:External links
2436:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2410:
2399:Katz, Jonathan
2395:
2388:
2371:
2364:
2343:
2328:
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2298:
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2260:
2253:
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2149:
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2082:
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2013:
1979:
1953:
1938:
1920:
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1843:
1817:
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1722:
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1681:
1663:
1637:
1608:
1593:
1574:
1563:. May 15, 2009
1548:
1542:978-0312329259
1541:
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1339:
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1070:
1035:
1013:
1010:. p. C.1.
992:
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880:ComicsAlliance
866:
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531:
464:Dorothy Parker
449:
448:Dorothy Parker
446:
411:Dorothy Parker
378:A Star Is Born
324:". Biographer
286:Main article:
283:
280:
276:Palace Theatre
243:metaphorically
239:flying monkeys
196:
191:
165:Pastoria of Oz
125:The Road to Oz
119:
113:
110:may be coined.
92:
85:
80:Dorothy Parker
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3199:Apocalypse Oz
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3186:On television
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3077:Ruby slippers
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3056:L. Frank Baum
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3431:Gay history
3426:LGBTQ slang
3292:Arcade game
3223:(TV series)
2890:Top surgery
2860:Stone butch
2735:Gay-for-pay
2625:Chickenhawk
2509:transgender
2228:October 18,
1805:Pop Matters
1055:. Opinion.
760:. Aegitas.
607:Similar to
494:as well as
490:and use of
478:during the
427:Peter Allen
415:Mark Herron
255:puritanical
157:transgender
155:, or being
141:bisexuality
3416:Euphemisms
3410:Categories
3302:Video game
2915:Transition
2850:Scissoring
2845:Soft butch
2760:Glory hole
2750:Genderfuck
2605:Bulldagger
2600:Bugchasing
2570:Bi-curious
2168:1897414498
2051:NewNowNext
1939:0312354274
1901:1013176101
1778:0684800306
1723:0525936025
1682:0312200250
693:References
650:LGBT slang
452:Predating
407:the closet
247:coming out
136:Polychrome
108:shibboleth
76:a gay icon
62:. Actress
37:LGBT slang
3048:Based on
2755:Gold star
2730:Fruit fly
2640:Cottaging
2177:288122962
2137:0458-3035
2104:0362-4331
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1740:cite book
1708:Stonewall
1373:0090-0036
1327:Biography
1290:2194-7511
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513:. During
403:Hollywood
367:starring
348:Stonewall
302:archetype
298:suffering
145:Scarecrow
68:the 1939
29:euphemism
3395:Category
3343:Lynch/Oz
3275:episodes
3063:Elements
2995:Category
2925:Tribbing
2920:Travesti
2880:Tea-room
2690:Fag stag
2675:En homme
2670:En femme
2655:Down-low
2645:Cruising
2545:Bareback
2505:bisexual
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2335:(1994).
2271:(1993).
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1630:June 23,
1418:BBC News
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1199:July 18,
1166:July 18,
1135:June 26,
912:Screener
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543:Ponsonby
484:Jazz Age
433:as gay.
431:came out
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2959:Related
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2810:Poppers
2805:Passing
2795:Packing
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2700:F2M/FTM
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