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Friend of Dorothy

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332:, "explaining her many suicide attempts and use of alcohol and pills to self-medicate." Her mental health problems were likely related to childhood trauma, possibly untreated complex PTSD, a common shared experience with LGBTQ+ people. In the face of these challenges she pressed forward, "explaining her enduring popularity among LGBTQ fans". She also endured "self-doubts about her capabilities, suffered crippling stage fright", yet beamed on stage. Onstage "she 'came out', expressing through her skills the real person she was meant to be". LGBTQ people notice this, "admiring her courage and resilience, adopting it as their own". One psychiatrist's explanation: "Judy was beaten up by life, embattled and ultimately had to become more masculine. She has the power that homosexuals would like to have, and they attempt to attain it by idolizing her." 96: 2460: 538: 3092: 371:, Louis Staples analyzed Garland's story, to "understand how and why some gay men look to famous women to help them navigate the world." Both Dorothy and Garland are taken from ordinary lives into the spectacular, LGBTQ people perceiving themselves as abnormal, different, or "other" could relate to not being ordinary. Once in the Hollywood movie business, Garland's body was a battleground for never being sexy enough, or slim enough; LGBTQ people can relate to dealing with " 3391: 2990: 631: 557:, gay and lesbian passengers began approaching ship staff, asking them to publicise gatherings in the daily cruise activity list. As the cruise lines were hesitant to announce such things so blatantly in their daily publications, they would list the gathering as a "Meeting of the Friends of Dorothy". The use of this phrase likely comes from the cruise directors who were also familiar with and using the " 517:(1940s) many U.S. and British servicemen started meeting and forming friendships while serving in Europe. Living in fear of discovery and persecution, many began using the code language that Parker used commonly in her writings as a form of social networking including "friend of Dorothy". In conversation and in letter writing, phrases like "simply divine", "fabulous" and " 685:
anything much to do with the riot, that makes me crazy. The street kids faced death every day. They had nothing to lose. And they couldn't have cared less about Judy. We're talking about kids who were fourteen, fifteen, sixteen. Judy Garland was the middle-aged darling of the middle-class gays. I get upset about this because it trivializes the whole thing."
429:, was discovered by Herron while Allen was performing in Hong Kong. Garland took the act, the Allen Brothers, under her care becoming manager and booking agent, and had them open her concerts in Britain and the United States. Garland also introduced Allen to her daughter, but Allen was having affairs with men before the marriage; he later 249:. How the group of outcasts worked together likewise mirrors LGBTQ people who create new chosen families. Researchers also note there is an absence of a heteronormative male–female romance, and Dorothy and her friends "do not need to change themselves to become who they want to be". Many see Garland's portrayal as a " 684:
recalls she was saddened and amazed by the turnout at Garland's funeral on Friday, June 27, she said that she did not feel like going out much but changed her mind later. Bob Kohler used to talk to the homeless youth in Sheridan Square, and said, "When people talk about Judy Garland's death having
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earlier in the week on June 22, 1969, has been attributed as a significant factor in the riots, but no participants in Saturday morning's demonstrations recall Garland's name being discussed. No print accounts of the riots by reliable sources cite Garland as a reason for the riot, although one
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who, upon meeting Dorothy's travelling companions, exclaims, "You have some queer friends, Dorothy", and she replies, "The queerness doesn't matter, so long as they're friends." There are numerous references to LGBTQ characters and relationships, including a possible innuendo about
466:, whose social circles in the 1920s and 1930s included gay men. The two origin stories are not mutually exclusive; both could be somewhat true depending on how one learned of the phrase, or even separately where it derived. The socialite would throw "famous parties at 596:
a woman named Dorothy at the center of a massive ring of homosexual military personnel, so they launched an enormous and futile hunt for the elusive "Dorothy", hoping to find her and convince her to reveal the names of gay service members.
300:. Garland's problems, "the drinking and divorcing, all the pills and all the men, all the poundage come and gone", were documented in the media. She was among the first stars to have her "dirty laundry" aired publicly. She was the " 2337: 278:, observed: "A disproportionate part of her nightly claque seems to be homosexual. The boys in the tight trousers roll their eyes, tear at their hair and practically levitate from their seats, particularly when Judy sings ." 571:
Such meetings have expanded in popularity and frequency over the years. Now, many cruise lines will have multiple FOD events, sometimes as many as one each night. Despite this, many FOD meetings have low turnout rates.
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Garland also had a number of gay men in her life including her father Frank Gumm who "preferred the company of very young men". There was speculation for years in the entertainment community that her second husband
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is thought to be another potential origin of the term. The "friend of Dorothy" euphemism was commonly used throughout the 20th century, but its use has declined in recent decades as LGBT acceptance has advanced.
358:'s Marilyn Malara, "In the 1950s and 1960s, Garland acted as an unofficial mascot for a generation of gay men, who flocked to Garland's many performances, referring to themselves as 'friends of Dorothy.'" 1078: 179:
in the form of the boy Tip, and had no memory of ever having been a girl. Later, Princess Ozma would be the ruler of the fictional land of Oz. Princess Ozma has been referred to as “one of the first
175:. Mombi transformed Ozma into a boy and called him "Tip" (short for Tippetarius) in order to prevent the rightful ruler of Oz from ascending to the throne. Thus, Ozma spent her entire childhood with 1851: 486:. Parker would invite gay men, who would in turn invite other gay men to her gatherings using the code phrase to gain entry. Parker had many gay fans, and was well known for her quick 2480: 592:
area. Agents discovered that gay men sometimes referred to themselves as "friends of Dorothy". Unaware of the historical meaning of the term, the NIS believed that there actually
1187: 2473: 521:" began to be used by men, who later brought its use back to the United States. By the 1960s and onward the social stigma of being gay was slowly lifting, including the 502: 151:
he says, "Of course some people go both ways" – although it is unknown whether they were intentionally included. For instance, in a case that may be seen as changing
2403: 264:" that Dorothy (Judy Garland) sings, which was possibly "the most memorable performance" of Garland's career, and the song "contributed to the evolution of the 1086: 1645: 381:(1954) "Garland's work and life tells a story of survival, and of someone trying to assert some form of control in a world that was set up to destroy her." 375:, harm their bodies, attempt suicide and suffer from eating disorders." Richard Dyer argues that, after her artistic success in, but commercial failure of 217:. In the film, Dorothy is accepting of those who are different. For example, the "gentle lion" giving the line, "I'm afraid there's no denyin', I'm just a 2091: 1001: 903: 180: 789: 474:
from 1920 to 1933, when social alcohol consumption was generally illegal, prompted all forms of illegal activities to circumvent the ban, including
1471: 1440: 421:, which was only briefly interrupted by his marriage to Garland. The two men remained together until Brandon's death in 1990. Garland's daughter 2889: 413:. But when he came to Hollywood, I think he made the decision to repress that part of himself or to become bisexual." Garland's fourth husband, 1914: 1745: 268:
as a gay icon". The song "act as a cultural catalyst, propelling the eventual embrace of the rainbow symbol by the world's LGBTQ communities".
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In recent years the use of FOD on cruise ships has largely been replaced by LGBTQ Gathering/Meetup, or PRIDE Gathering/Meetup.
3100: 2072: 409:. According to the biographer: "He was openly gay in New York – we were able to document names of companions and stories from 2252: 1556: 1236: 1347:
Roberts, Andrea L.; Austin, S. Bryn; Corliss, Heather L.; Vandermorris, Ashley K.; Koenen, Karestan C. (December 1, 2010).
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Aas, Monica; Henry, Chantal; Andreassen, Ole A.; Bellivier, Frank; Melle, Ingrid; Etain, Bruno (December 2016).
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Garland's death (June 22, 1969), and funeral held in New York City, happened days before the
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In September 2019, in reporting on the resurgence of interest in Garland due to the biopic
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has a "particular resonance in the culture of the queer community". The struggles faced by
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Making History: The Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Equal Rights, 1945–1990: An Oral History
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first surfaced in the early 20th century. The U.S. introduced a ban in a revision of the
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magazine, in its August 18, 1967, review of Garland's final engagement at New York's
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Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940
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The precise origin of the term is unknown. Some believe that it is derived from
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origins of the phrase (although not connected to the L. Frank Baum novels) is
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The Question of Equality: Lesbian and Gay Politics in America since Stonewall
1372: 1364: 1289: 1188:"How 'Somewhere Over the Rainbow' was almost cut, then influenced a movement" 986: 775: 681: 616: 518: 459: 422: 321: 317: 160: 3091: 1947: 1786: 1731: 1690: 3227: 2664: 2614: 2604: 2534: 2292: 2268: 1390: 1307: 676: 636: 514: 401:, claims he lived as an openly gay man in New York prior to his arrival in 293: 226: 210: 103: 99: 63: 48: 2073:"European Court of Human Rights Overturns British Ban on Gays in Military" 3369: 3191: 2859: 2779: 2734: 2579: 2520: 2508: 2504: 2092:"Critic's Notebook; Why Oz Is a State of Mind in Gay Life and Drag Shows" 554: 414: 394: 362: 254: 156: 140: 2448: 942:
creator's legacy lives on in central New York a century after his death"
462:'s celebrated humorist, critic and "defender of human and civil rights" 2844: 2599: 2569: 2539: 821:"The enduring (gay?) appeal of 'The Wizard of Oz': Minister of Culture" 680:
sarcastic account by a heterosexual publication suggested it. Although
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The Lover's Tongue: A Merry Romp Through the Language of Love and Sex
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while avoiding hostility. The term was likely based on the character
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pulls back the curtain on its groundbreaking, revolutionary agenda"
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lavish celebrity villas", gay men would use the phrase for entry.
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LGBTQ people could also empathize with the personal struggles of
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In the years since the riots occurred, the death of gay icon
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Conduct Unbecoming: Gays & Lesbians in the U.S. Military
732:"Homomasculinity: Framing Keywords of Queer Popular Culture" 2247:(1st ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. 1261: 969:
The Universe of Oz: Essays on Baum's Series and Its Progeny
876:"Lost in Transition: Meet the transgender princess of "Oz"" 308:, paving the way for the stormy trajectories of superstars 305: 2245:
Gay and Lesbian Tourism: The Essential Guide for Marketing
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Evelyn Brent: The Life and Films of Hollywood's Lady Crook
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Speaking in Queer Tongues: Globalization and Gay Language
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Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the U.S.A.
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Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past
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Gay-2-zee: A Dictionary of Sex, Subtext, and the Sublime
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Gay Icons: The (Mostly) Female Entertainers Gay Men Love
338:, particularly older ones, were among her biggest fans: 2345: 1079:"Eighty years over the rainbow: how music transformed 1002:"Why Oz Is a State of Mind In Gay Life and Drag Shows" 58:, which have been interpreted as including much queer 1673:
Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution
1646:"Born Today in 1944, Singer, Songwriter Peter Allen" 849:"Why is it so difficult to update The Wizard of Oz?" 626: 565:
that there were support group meetings on the trip.
1264:"The Role of Childhood Trauma in Bipolar Disorders" 86: 2414: 2375: 2351: 1760: 1705: 1528: 1237:"Friends of Dorothy: Judy died 50 years ago today" 1614: 1612: 1441:"Vincente Minnelli and Gene Kelly Had an Affair?" 1323:"'Stormy Weather': Judy Garland's Troubled Youth" 1043: 1041: 1039: 509:and the UK first prohibited homosexuality in the 3407: 2305: 1801:"Is He a Friend of Dorothy? Is She a Dragzilla?" 898: 896: 843: 841: 790:"This feminist icon may have partially inspired 2219:"FOD FAQ's, or Who Are the Friends of Dorothy?" 2194:"FOD FAQ's, or Who Are the Friends of Dorothy?" 2125:"Either Way, Giuliani Is a 'Friend of Dorothy'" 1020: 705: 529:, and the phrase was no longer needed as much. 3370:Wicked Witch of the West Sesame Street episode 1963:"How to Be the Best Friend of Dorothy in WeHo" 1932:(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. 1609: 1036: 588:(NCIS) was investigating homosexuality in the 561:" phrase in their programs to tell members of 296:, as a persecuted people they identified with 3180:The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True 3022: 2481: 1675:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 260. 999: 893: 838: 213:, who starred as the main character Dorothy, 106:) and her "queer friends", based on whom the 2378:Another Mother Tongue: Gay Words, Gay Worlds 1413:"Why is Judy Garland the ultimate gay icon?" 967:Durand, Kevin K. J.; Leigh, Mary K. (2010). 710:. University of Illinois Press. p. 98. 549:'s gay village, is a play on the slang term. 541:The name of this cafe, Dorothy's Sister, in 1531:Vincente Minnelli: Hollywood's Dark Dreamer 966: 399:Vincente Minnelli: Hollywood's Dark Dreamer 260:Additionally relevant is the classic song " 3029: 3015: 2488: 2474: 2458: 2079:. Vol. 7, no. 3. pp. 18–20. 1913:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1744:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1268:International Journal of Bipolar Disorders 39:. Stating that, or asking if someone is a 2242: 1881:Guilbert, Georges-Claude (May 30, 2018). 1500: 1494: 1380: 1297: 1279: 584:(NIS), the predecessor to the modern-day 405:, where the town pressured him back into 2331: 2089: 1880: 1758: 1703: 1600: 1549: 1155:Gross, Michael Joseph (August 1, 2000). 706:Leap, William; Boellstorff, Tom (2003). 536: 94: 2408:(Revised ed.). New York: Meridian. 1581: 1463: 1432: 1410: 580:In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the 553:Starting in the late 1980s, on several 134:(1900). The book introduces readers to 3408: 2412: 2267: 2156: 1986: 1927: 1670: 1185: 818: 600: 233:, and friends, especially against the 3010: 2469: 2444:Cruise Critic on "Friends of Dorothy" 2373: 2350:; Chauncey, George Jr., eds. (1989). 2188: 2186: 1852:"A handy guide to hating 'Stonewall'" 1411:Staples, Louis (September 23, 2019). 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1212: 1210: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1154: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1106: 1104: 971:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. 756:Baum, Frank Lyman (October 6, 2015). 350:means of encountering other gay men." 128:(1909), a sequel to the first novel, 3036: 2397: 2070: 1960: 1620:"'The Boy From Oz' celebrates Allen" 1526: 1520: 1503:"Images of Magic and Transformation" 1501:McElhaney, Joe (December 20, 2010). 874:Finn, Charlotte (October 12, 2015). 873: 755: 586:Naval Criminal Investigative Service 440:, the spark that started the modern 181:transgender characters in literature 3421:Cultural depictions of Judy Garland 2026:Prohibition: An Interactive History 1826:"A Modern Catalogue of Queer Slang" 1712:(1st ed.). New York. pp.  1320: 1026:"Judy Garland as a Force of Nature" 914:. February 25, 2017. Archived from 575: 203:refers to the derivative 1939 film 192: 13: 3235:Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz 2324: 2183: 1987:Drehle, David Von (May 24, 2010). 1397: 1224: 1207: 1174: 1143: 1101: 819:Heaton, Michael (March 23, 2016). 525:in 1969 which launched the modern 114: 14: 3452: 2437: 1469: 1438: 1353:American Journal of Public Health 1186:Malara, Marilyn (July 17, 2015). 447: 199:More commonly, it is stated that 183:." This storyline was revived in 43:, is a furtive way of suggesting 3390: 3389: 3090: 2989: 2988: 1601:Kear, Lynn; King, James (2009). 1582:Stevens, Dana (April 24, 2009). 1535:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1126:"Why Judy Garland still matters" 656:Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall 629: 472:Prohibition in the United States 3256:Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return 2299: 2261: 2236: 2211: 2150: 2117: 2090:Brantley, Ben (June 28, 1994). 2083: 2064: 2039: 2014: 1980: 1961:Hull, Keldine (July 19, 2018). 1954: 1921: 1874: 1844: 1818: 1793: 1752: 1697: 1664: 1638: 1594: 1575: 1340: 1314: 1255: 1071: 1014: 1000:Brantley, Ben (June 28, 1994). 993: 960: 669: 511:Army and Air Force Acts in 1955 281: 3319:The Making of The Wizard of Oz 2022:"The Speakeasies of the 1920s" 1767:. New York: Scribner. p.  1472:"Was Vincente Minnelli A Gay?" 930: 867: 812: 782: 749: 724: 699: 1: 3082:Gingham dress of Judy Garland 692: 3337:The Dark Side of the Rainbow 3270:Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz 3145:If I Were King of the Forest 3117:Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead 2976:Terminology of homosexuality 2161:. Toronto: Insomniac Press. 2157:Morton, Mark Steven (2003). 1704:Duberman, Martin B. (1993). 1626:. NBC News. October 17, 2003 1557:"The Real Vincente Minnelli" 503:gays serving in the military 346:. A Garland event was a pre- 262:(Somewhere) Over the Rainbow 253:journey, an escape from the 16:Gay slang term for a gay man 7: 3350:Meco Plays The Wizard of Oz 3124:We're Off to See the Wizard 2421:. New York: HarperCollins. 2308:"The Sorcerer's Apprentice" 622: 582:Naval Investigative Service 245:mirror the difficulties of 66:, who portrayed Dorothy in 10: 3457: 3051:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 1928:Reuter, Donald F. (2006). 1193:United Press International 645:Judy Garland as a gay icon 356:United Press International 288:Judy Garland as a gay icon 285: 131:The Wonderful Wizard of Oz 3385: 3310: 3284: 3263:Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz 3249:Oz the Great and Powerful 3154: 3099: 3088: 3062: 3046: 2984: 2958: 2585:Top, bottom and versatile 2527: 2306:Richardson, John (1999). 1605:. McFarland. p. 224. 1281:10.1186/s40345-015-0042-0 304:of the triumphant/tragic 167:, was given to the witch 3138:The Merry Old Land of Oz 2770:Lesbian until graduation 2382:. Boston: Beacon Press. 2341:. New York: Basic Books. 2243:Guaracino, Jeff (2007). 1759:Deitcher, David (1995). 1584:"Musicals and Melodrama" 1365:10.2105/AJPH.2009.168971 662: 532: 235:Wicked Witch of the West 2406:: A Documentary History 2358:. New York: NAL Books. 507:Articles of War of 1916 147:which way to go on the 2071:Kamm, Richard (2000). 1671:Carter, David (2004). 1586:. Sunday Book Review. 1527:Levy, Emanuel (2009). 550: 352: 328:thinks she was likely 111: 3206:Off to See the Wizard 3131:If I Only Had a Brain 2715:Flagging (hanky code) 2413:Marcus, Eric (1992). 2131:. September 8, 2001. 1130:The Bay Area Reporter 1083:into a cultural icon" 736:www.jackfritscher.com 540: 527:LGBTQ rights movement 442:LGBTQ rights movement 340: 98: 2450:Common Ground (2000) 2374:Grahn, Judy (1990). 1652:on February 25, 2021 563:Alcoholics Anonymous 482:, also known as the 171:of the North by the 143:– when Dorothy asks 78:. Writer and critic 3357:Miss Gulch Returns! 1862:on January 26, 2016 1856:The Washington Post 1157:"The Queen Is Dead" 1059:. February 25, 2019 1053:turns 80 this year" 613:friend of Mrs. King 602:Friend of Mrs. King 3213:Journey Back to Oz 3174:2011 stage musical 3169:1987 stage musical 3164:1942 stage musical 3155:Versions, sequels, 2835:Same gender loving 2346:Duberman, Martin; 2313:The New York Times 2279:St. Martin's Press 2096:The New York Times 2077:Human Rights Brief 1588:The New York Times 1089:on October 5, 2021 1030:The New York Times 1007:The New York Times 559:Friends of Bill W. 551: 425:'s first husband, 344:Mattachine Society 112: 45:sexual orientation 3403: 3402: 3364:Under the Rainbow 3325:Friend of Dorothy 3071:Surrender Dorothy 3004: 3003: 2765:Heteroflexibility 2720:Friend of Dorothy 2254:978-0-7506-8232-9 2129:Los Angeles Times 1989:"The Demon Drink" 1885:. Jefferson, NC. 1832:. August 11, 2016 1482:on April 17, 2015 1359:(12): 2433–2441. 1024:(June 14, 1998). 918:on March 14, 2017 855:. January 6, 2017 609:friend of Dorothy 501:Official bans on 468:Garden of Allah's 387:Vincente Minnelli 201:friend of Dorothy 149:yellow-brick road 41:friend of Dorothy 21:friend of Dorothy 3448: 3441:1900s neologisms 3393: 3392: 3376:The Wozard of Iz 3331:Over the Rainbow 3242:The Wicked Years 3220:The Wizard of Oz 3110:Over the Rainbow 3094: 3039:The Wizard of Oz 3031: 3024: 3017: 3008: 3007: 2992: 2991: 2971:LGBT linguistics 2950:Womyn-born womyn 2775:Lipstick lesbian 2490: 2483: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2432: 2420: 2409: 2393: 2381: 2369: 2357: 2342: 2333:Chauncey, George 2318: 2317: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2190: 2181: 2180: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1925: 1919: 1918: 1912: 1904: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1858:. Archived from 1848: 1842: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1797: 1791: 1790: 1766: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1743: 1735: 1711: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1648:. Archived from 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1616: 1607: 1606: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1534: 1524: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1507:Senses of Cinema 1498: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1478:. Archived from 1470:Musto, Michael. 1467: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1447:. Archived from 1439:Musto, Michael. 1436: 1430: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1408: 1395: 1394: 1384: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1301: 1283: 1259: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1233: 1222: 1214: 1205: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1183: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1152: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1136: 1122: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1094: 1081:The Wizard of Oz 1075: 1069: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1057:Washington Blade 1051:The Wizard of Oz 1045: 1034: 1033: 1018: 1012: 1011: 997: 991: 990: 964: 958: 957: 955: 953: 948:. April 14, 2019 946:The Daily Orange 940:The Wizard of Oz 934: 928: 927: 925: 923: 900: 891: 890: 888: 886: 871: 865: 864: 862: 860: 845: 836: 835: 833: 831: 816: 810: 809: 807: 805: 792:The Wizard Of Oz 786: 780: 779: 753: 747: 746: 744: 742: 728: 722: 721: 703: 686: 673: 639: 634: 633: 632: 576:Misunderstanding 480:Roaring Twenties 455:The Wizard of Oz 310:Elizabeth Taylor 223:The Wizard of Oz 206:The Wizard of Oz 194:The Wizard of Oz 91:and Judy Garland 74:, is considered 56:series of novels 35:, first used in 3456: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3446: 3445: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3399: 3381: 3306: 3280: 3157:and adaptations 3156: 3150: 3095: 3086: 3058: 3042: 3035: 3005: 3000: 2980: 2954: 2945:Unicorn hunting 2575:Butch and femme 2523: 2494: 2440: 2435: 2429: 2390: 2366: 2348:Vicinus, Martha 2327: 2325:Further reading 2322: 2321: 2304: 2300: 2289: 2281:. p. 387. 2266: 2262: 2255: 2241: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2192: 2191: 2184: 2169: 2155: 2151: 2141: 2139: 2123: 2122: 2118: 2108: 2106: 2088: 2084: 2069: 2065: 2055: 2053: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2030: 2028: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1985: 1981: 1971: 1969: 1959: 1955: 1940: 1926: 1922: 1906: 1905: 1893: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1863: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1835: 1833: 1824: 1823: 1819: 1809: 1807: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1779: 1757: 1753: 1737: 1736: 1724: 1702: 1698: 1683: 1669: 1665: 1655: 1653: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1610: 1599: 1595: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1564: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1543: 1525: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1499: 1495: 1485: 1483: 1468: 1464: 1454: 1452: 1451:on May 24, 2015 1437: 1433: 1423: 1421: 1409: 1398: 1345: 1341: 1331: 1329: 1321:Kettler, Sara. 1319: 1315: 1260: 1256: 1246: 1244: 1243:. June 22, 2019 1235: 1234: 1225: 1215: 1208: 1198: 1196: 1184: 1175: 1165: 1163: 1153: 1144: 1134: 1132: 1124: 1123: 1102: 1092: 1090: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1062: 1060: 1047: 1046: 1037: 1022:Paglia, Camille 1019: 1015: 998: 994: 979: 965: 961: 951: 949: 936: 935: 931: 921: 919: 902: 901: 894: 884: 882: 872: 868: 858: 856: 847: 846: 839: 829: 827: 817: 813: 803: 801: 800:. June 21, 2018 788: 787: 783: 768: 754: 750: 740: 738: 730: 729: 725: 718: 704: 700: 695: 690: 689: 674: 670: 665: 635: 630: 628: 625: 605: 578: 535: 523:Stonewall Riots 496:social activism 476:the speakeasies 450: 438:Stonewall Riots 397:. A biography, 373:body dysmorphia 369:Renée Zellweger 314:Whitney Houston 290: 284: 197: 153:gender identity 120: 93: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3454: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3436:Oz (franchise) 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3397: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3353: 3346: 3339: 3334: 3327: 3322: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3294: 3288: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3278: 3266: 3259: 3252: 3245: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3188: 3183: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3141: 3134: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3105: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3059: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3034: 3033: 3026: 3019: 3011: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2985: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2940:U-Haul lesbian 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2800:Party and play 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2590:Bottom surgery 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2493: 2492: 2485: 2478: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2446: 2439: 2438:External links 2436: 2434: 2433: 2427: 2410: 2399:Katz, Jonathan 2395: 2388: 2371: 2364: 2343: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2298: 2287: 2260: 2253: 2235: 2210: 2182: 2167: 2149: 2116: 2082: 2063: 2038: 2013: 1979: 1953: 1938: 1920: 1891: 1873: 1843: 1817: 1792: 1777: 1751: 1722: 1696: 1681: 1663: 1637: 1608: 1593: 1574: 1563:. May 15, 2009 1548: 1542:978-0312329259 1541: 1519: 1493: 1462: 1431: 1396: 1339: 1313: 1254: 1223: 1206: 1173: 1142: 1100: 1070: 1035: 1013: 1010:. p. C.1. 992: 977: 959: 929: 892: 880:ComicsAlliance 866: 837: 811: 781: 766: 748: 723: 716: 697: 696: 694: 691: 688: 687: 667: 666: 664: 661: 660: 659: 652: 647: 641: 640: 624: 621: 604: 599: 577: 574: 534: 531: 464:Dorothy Parker 449: 448:Dorothy Parker 446: 411:Dorothy Parker 378:A Star Is Born 324:". Biographer 286:Main article: 283: 280: 276:Palace Theatre 243:metaphorically 239:flying monkeys 196: 191: 165:Pastoria of Oz 125:The Road to Oz 119: 113: 110:may be coined. 92: 85: 80:Dorothy Parker 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3453: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3396: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3359: 3358: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3199:Apocalypse Oz 3196: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3187: 3186:On television 3184: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3153: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3093: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3077:Ruby slippers 3075: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3056:L. 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New York: 2273: 2263: 2244: 2238: 2226:. Retrieved 2222: 2213: 2201:. Retrieved 2197: 2158: 2152: 2140:. Retrieved 2128: 2119: 2107:. Retrieved 2095: 2085: 2076: 2066: 2054:. Retrieved 2050: 2041: 2029:. Retrieved 2025: 2016: 2004:. Retrieved 1992: 1982: 1970:. Retrieved 1967:The Pride LA 1966: 1956: 1929: 1923: 1882: 1876: 1864:. Retrieved 1860:the original 1855: 1846: 1834:. Retrieved 1830:Autostraddle 1829: 1820: 1808:. Retrieved 1804: 1795: 1762: 1754: 1707: 1699: 1672: 1666: 1654:. Retrieved 1650:the original 1640: 1628:. Retrieved 1623: 1602: 1596: 1587: 1577: 1565:. Retrieved 1561:Advocate.com 1560: 1551: 1530: 1522: 1510:. Retrieved 1506: 1496: 1484:. Retrieved 1480:the original 1475: 1465: 1453:. Retrieved 1449:the original 1444: 1434: 1422:. Retrieved 1416: 1356: 1352: 1342: 1332:December 22, 1330:. Retrieved 1326: 1316: 1271: 1267: 1257: 1245:. Retrieved 1240: 1216: 1197:. Retrieved 1191: 1164:. Retrieved 1161:The Atlantic 1160: 1133:. Retrieved 1129: 1091:. 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Opinion. 760:. Aegitas. 607:Similar to 494:as well as 490:and use of 478:during the 427:Peter Allen 415:Mark Herron 255:puritanical 157:transgender 155:, or being 141:bisexuality 3416:Euphemisms 3410:Categories 3302:Video game 2915:Transition 2850:Scissoring 2845:Soft butch 2760:Glory hole 2750:Genderfuck 2605:Bulldagger 2600:Bugchasing 2570:Bi-curious 2168:1897414498 2051:NewNowNext 1939:0312354274 1901:1013176101 1778:0684800306 1723:0525936025 1682:0312200250 693:References 650:LGBT slang 452:Predating 407:the closet 247:coming out 136:Polychrome 108:shibboleth 76:a gay icon 62:. Actress 37:LGBT slang 3048:Based on 2755:Gold star 2730:Fruit fly 2640:Cottaging 2177:288122962 2137:0458-3035 2104:0362-4331 2001:0040-781X 1909:cite book 1740:cite book 1708:Stonewall 1373:0090-0036 1327:Biography 1290:2194-7511 987:611579157 776:951670473 513:. 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Index

euphemism
gay man
LGBT slang
sexual orientation
Dorothy Gale
Oz series of novels
subtext
Judy Garland
the 1939 Wizard of Oz film
a gay icon
Dorothy Parker

Dorothy
Judy Garland
shibboleth
The Road to Oz
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Polychrome
bisexuality
Scarecrow
yellow-brick road
gender identity
transgender
Ozma
Pastoria of Oz
Mombi
Wizard of Oz
Mombi
transgender characters in literature
Emerald City

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