Sexual orientation

8031:(which deals primarily with Western civilization and western Europe) began to influence some China scholars in the 1980s. Foucault's insight was to demonstrate that sexuality has a history; it is not fixed psycho-biological drive that is the same for all humans according to their sex, but rather it is a cultural construct inseparable from gender constructs. After unmooring sexuality from biology, he anchored it in history, arguing that this thing we now call sexuality came into existence in the eighteenth-century West and did not exist previously in this form. "Sexuality" is an invention of the modern state, the industrial revolution, and capitalism. Taking this insight as a starting point, scholars have slowly been compiling the history of sexuality in China. The works by Tani Barlow, discussed above, were also foundational in this trend. Barlow observes that, in the West, heterosexuality is the primary site for the production of gender: a woman truly becomes a woman only in relation to a man's heterosexual desire. By contrast, in China before the 1920s the "jia" (linage unit, family) was the primary site for the production of gender: marriage and sexuality were to serve the lineage by producing the next generation of lineage members; personal love and pleasure were secondary to this goal. Barlow argues that this has two theoretical implications: (1) it is not possible to write a Chinese history of heterosexuality, sexuality as an institution, and sexual identities in the European metaphysical sense, and (2) it is not appropriate to ground discussions of Chinese gender processes in the sexed body so central in "Western" gender processes. Here she echoes Furth's argument that, before the early twentieth century, sex-identity grounded on anatomical difference did not hold a central place in Chinese constructions of gender. And she echoes the point illustrated in detail in Sommer's chapter on male homosexuality in the Qing legal code: a man could engage in homosexual behavior without calling into question his manhood so long as his behavior did not threaten the patriarchal Confucian family structure." 1982:

component of orientation were homosexual on the other two dimensions and 70% responded in a way that was consistent with homosexuality on only one of the three dimensions. Furthermore, sexuality may be fluid; for example, a person's sexual orientation identity is not necessarily stable or consistent over time but is subject to change throughout life. Diamond (2003) found that over seven years, two-thirds of the women changed their sexual identity at least once, with many reporting that the label was not adequate in capturing the diversity of their sexual or romantic feelings. Furthermore, women who relinquished bisexual and lesbian identification did not relinquish same sex sexuality and acknowledged the possibility for future same sex attractions or behaviour. One woman stated "I'm mainly straight but I'm one of those people who, if the right circumstance came along, would change my viewpoint". Therefore, individuals classified as homosexual in one study might not be identified the same way in another depending on which components are assessed and when the assessment is made making it difficult to pin point who is homosexual and who is not and what the overall prevalence within a population may be.

1185:(MIH), would begin when cells from a male fetus enter the mother's circulation during pregnancy. These cells carry Y-proteins, which are thought to play a role in brain masculinisation (sex-differentiation) during fetal development. The mothers immune system builds antibodies to these Y-proteins. These antibodies are later released on future male fetuses and interfere with the masculinization role of Y-proteins, leaving regions of the brain responsible for sexual orientation in the 'default' female-typical arrangement, causing the exposed son to be more attracted to men over women. Biochemical evidence for this hypothesis was identified in 2017, finding that mothers with a gay son, especially those with older brothers, had significantly higher levels of anti-bodies to the NLGN4Y Y-protein than mothers with heterosexual sons. 2700:

both, neither, or to people who are genderqueer, androgynous, or have other gender identities. Individuals may identify as lesbian, gay, heterosexual, bisexual, queer, pansexual, or asexual, among others. Categories of sexual orientation typically have included attraction to members of one's own sex (gay men or lesbians), attraction to members of the other sex (heterosexuals), and attraction to members of both sexes (bisexuals). While these categories continue to be widely used, research has suggested that sexual orientation does not always appear in such definable categories and instead occurs on a continuum . Some people identify as pansexual or queer in terms of their sexual orientation, which means they define their sexual orientation outside of the gender binary of 'male' and 'female' only.

2086:), of which sexual arousal is the only product of sexual attractions which can be measured at present with some degree of physical precision. Thus, the fact that women are aroused by seeing non-human primates having sex does not mean that women's sexual orientation includes this type of sexual interest. Some researchers argue that women's sexual orientation depends less on their patterns of sexual arousal than men's and that other components of sexual orientation (like emotional attachment) must be taken into account when describing women's sexual orientations. In contrast, men's sexual orientations tend to be primarily focused on the physical component of attractions and, thus, their sexual feelings are more exclusively oriented according to 1675:

independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum, with each end representing opposite extremes. When compared on the same scale, they act as tradeoffs such, whereby to be more feminine one had to be less masculine and vice versa. However, if they are considered as separate dimensions one can be simultaneously very masculine and very feminine. Similarly, considering heterosexuality and homosexuality on separate scales would allow one to be both very heterosexual and very homosexual or not very much of either. When they are measured independently, the degree of heterosexual and homosexual can be independently determined, rather than the balance between heterosexual and homosexual as determined using the Kinsey Scale.

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coherent relationship between the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself or herself as bisexual, homosexual, or heterosexual". Individuals typically experience diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure and is not necessarily indicative of an underlying sexual orientation. For example, a woman may have fantasies or thoughts about sex with other women but never act on these thoughts and only have sex with opposite gender partners. If sexual orientation was being assessed based on one's sexual attraction then this individual would be considered homosexual, but her behavior indicates heterosexuality.

817:, have criticized certain ways the labels "heterosexual" and "homosexual" have been used for transgender people, writing, "...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to reassignment (see for example, Blanchard et al. 1987, Coleman and Bockting, 1988, Blanchard, 1989). These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around." Bagemihl goes on to take issue with the way this terminology makes it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma. 2258:

while the active role is typically associated with masculinity or superiority. For example, an investigation of a small Brazilian fishing village revealed three sexual categories for men: men who have sex only with men (consistently in a passive role), men who have sex only with women, and men who have sex with women and men (consistently in an active role). While men who consistently occupied the passive role were recognized as a distinct group by locals, men who have sex with only women, and men who have sex with women and men, were not differentiated. Little is known about same-sex attracted females, or sexual behavior between females in these cultures.

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arousal which do not match their declared sexual orientations as well as men's. That is, heterosexual and lesbian women's sexual arousal to erotic films do not differ significantly by the genders of the participants (male or female) or by the type of sexual activity (heterosexual or homosexual). Men's sexual arousal patterns tend to be more in line with their stated orientations, with heterosexual men showing more penis arousal to female-female sexual activity and less arousal to female-male and male-male sexual stimuli, and homosexual and bisexual men being more aroused by films depicting male-male intercourse and less aroused by other stimuli.

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assessed: sexual attraction, sexual behavior, or sexual identity. Assessing sexual attraction will yield the greatest prevalence of homosexuality in a population whereby the proportion of individuals indicating they are same sex attracted is two to three times greater than the proportion reporting same sex behavior or identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Furthermore, reports of same sex behavior usually exceed those of gay, lesbian, or bisexual identification. The following chart demonstrates how widely the prevalence of homosexuality can vary depending on what age, location and component of sexual orientation is being assessed:

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influences on sexual orientation have been proposed. Sexual orientation probably is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences. In recent decades, biologically based theories have been favored by experts. Although there continues to be controversy and uncertainty as to the genesis of the variety of human sexual orientations, there is no scientific evidence that abnormal parenting, sexual abuse, or other adverse life events influence sexual orientation. Current knowledge suggests that sexual orientation is usually established during early childhood.

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psychosexual reactions. Valuable information was lost by collapsing the two values into one final score. A person who has only predominantly same sex reactions is different from someone with relatively little reaction but much same sex experience. It would have been quite simple for Kinsey to have measured the two dimensions separately and report scores independently to avoid loss of information. Furthermore, there are more than two dimensions of sexuality to be considered. Beyond behavior and reactions, one could also assess attraction, identification, lifestyle, etc. This is addressed by the

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born son, to 4% for the second, 6% for the third and so on. Scientists have estimated between 15% and 29% of gay men may owe their sexual orientation to this effect, but the number may be higher, as prior miscarriages and terminations of male pregnancies may have exposed their mothers to Y-linked antigens. The fraternal birth order effect would not likely apply to first born gay sons; instead, scientists say they may owe their orientation to genes, prenatal hormones and other maternal immune responses which also influence brain development. This effect is nullified if the man is left-handed.

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can force individuals to identify with a label that may or may not accurately reflect their true sexual orientation. Language can also be used to signal sexual orientation to others. The meaning of words referencing categories of sexual orientation are negotiated in the mass media in relation to social organization. New words may be brought into use to describe new terms or better describe complex interpretations of sexual orientation. Other words may pick up new layers or meaning. For example, the heterosexual Spanish terms

78: 1358:, the task force concluded that the population that undergoes SOCE tends to have strongly conservative religious views that lead them to seek to change their sexual orientation. Thus, the appropriate application of affirmative therapeutic interventions for those who seek SOCE involves therapist acceptance, support, and understanding of clients and the facilitation of clients' active coping, social support, and identity exploration and development, without imposing a specific sexual orientation identity outcome. 1781:

orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population. For example, if homosexual is defined by same sex behavior, gay virgins are omitted, heterosexuals engaging in same sex behavior for other reasons than preferred sexual arousal are miscounted, and those with same sex attraction who only have opposite-sex relations are excluded. Because of the limited populations that each component captures, consumers of research should be cautious in generalizing these findings.

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Parental attitudes may affect whether or not children openly identify with their sexual orientation. Though it has since been found to be based on prejudice and misinformation, it was once thought that homosexuality was the result of faulty psychological development, resulting from childhood experiences and troubled relationships, including childhood sexual abuse. Such hypotheses "have been associated with highly charged political, moral and theological grounds for wanting to believe that it can".

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may be seen or treated by the public and government bodies. For example, if homosexual individuals constitute only 1% of the general population they are politically easier to ignore or than if they are known to be a constituency that surpasses most ethnic and minority groups. If the number is relatively minor then it is difficult to argue for community based same sex programs and services, mass media inclusion of gay role models, or Gay/Straight Alliances in schools. For this reason, in the 1970s

2151:. The majority of empirical and clinical research on LGBT populations are done with largely white, middle-class, well-educated samples; however, there are pockets of research that document various other cultural groups, although these are frequently limited in diversity of gender and sexual orientation of the subjects. Integration of sexual orientation with sociocultural identity may be a challenge for LGBT individuals. Individuals may or may not consider their sexual orientation to define their 2159:, or may simply identify more strongly with another aspect of their identity such as family role. American culture puts a great emphasis on individual attributes, and views the self as unchangeable and constant. In contrast, East Asian cultures put a great emphasis on a person's social role within social hierarchies, and view the self as fluid and malleable. These differing cultural perspectives have many implications on cognition of the self, including perception of sexual orientation. 613:(people attracted to both sexes). However, some people may use different labels or none at all". They additionally state that sexual orientation "is distinct from other components of sex and gender, including biological sex (the anatomical, physiological, and genetic characteristics associated with being male or female), gender identity (the psychological sense of being male or female), and social gender role (the cultural norms that define feminine and masculine behavior)". 1386:(NARTH), which described itself as a "professional, scientific organization that offers hope to those who struggle with unwanted homosexuality", disagreed with the mainstream mental health community's position on conversion therapy, both on its effectiveness and by describing sexual orientation not as a binary immutable quality, or as a disease, but as a continuum of intensities of sexual attractions and emotional affect. The American Psychological Association and the 1084:

models for the cause. There is considerably more evidence supporting nonsocial, biological causes of sexual orientation than social ones, especially for males. Scientists do not believe that sexual orientation is a choice, and some of them believe that it is established at conception. Current scientific investigation usually seeks to find biological explanations for the adoption of a particular sexual orientation. Scientific studies have found a number of statistical

11551: 337: 2128: 11539: 2490: 502:. There is considerably more evidence supporting nonsocial, biological causes of sexual orientation than social ones, especially for males. There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role with regard to sexual orientation. Across cultures, most people are heterosexual, with a minority of people having a homosexual or bisexual orientation. A person's sexual orientation can be anywhere on 11926: 854: 1375:

that gay minors have sometimes been forced to attend these "therapies" involuntarily, being deprived of their liberty and sometimes kept in isolation for several months. Additionally, the Pan American Health Organization recommended that such malpractices be denounced and subject to sanctions and penalties under national legislation, as they constitute a violation of the ethical principles of health care and violate

1549:(1953). The scale was developed to combat the assumption at the time that people are either heterosexual or homosexual and that these two types represent antitheses in the sexual world. Recognizing that a significant portion of the population is not completely heterosexual or homosexual and that such people can experience both heterosexual and homosexual behavior and psychic responses, Kinsey et al., stated: 1158:(DHT). The newly formed testicles in the fetus are responsible for the secretion of androgens, which will cooperate in driving the sexual differentiation of the developing fetus, including its brain. This results in sexual differences between males and females. This fact has led some scientists to test in various ways the result of modifying androgen exposure levels in mammals during fetus and early life. 1045:

Sexual orientation is stable and unchanging for the vast majority of people, but some research indicates that some people may experience change in their sexual orientation, and this is more likely for women than for men. The American Psychological Association distinguishes between sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).

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literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors...is shaped at an early age... biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).

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should be given to sexual arousal and attraction over behaviour and identity because it is less prone to self- and other-deception, social conditions and variable meanings. To measure attraction and arousal he proposed that biological measures should be developed and used. There are numerous biological/physiological measures that exist that can measure sexual orientation such as

5597:"Whereas there is no evidence from the present investigation to suggest that parents have a determining influence on the sexual orientation of their children, the findings do indicate that by creating a climate of acceptance or rejection of homosexuality within the family, parents may have some impact on their children's sexual experimentation as heterosexual, lesbian, or gay." 2273:

racial stereotypes merge with gender stereotypes, such that Asian-American LGBTs are viewed as more passive and feminine, while African-American LGBTs are viewed as more masculine and aggressive. There are a number of culturally specific support networks for LGBT individuals active in the United States. For example, "Ô-Môi" for Vietnamese American queer females.

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heterosexual and homosexual elements in their histories. The position on the scale is based on the relation of heterosexuality to homosexuality in one's history, rather than the actual amount of overt experience or psychic response. An individual can be assigned a position on the scale in accordance with the following definitions of the points of the scale:

1370:) released a statement cautioning against services that purport to "cure" people with non-heterosexual sexual orientations, as they lack medical justification, and represent a threat to the health and well-being of affected people. They noted that the global scientific and professional consensus is that homosexuality is a normal and natural variation of 2195: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2447:

kissing, particularly between men, is a sign of homosexuality, whereas various types of same-sex kissing are common expressions of friendship in other nations. Also, many modern and historic cultures have formal ceremonies expressing long-term commitment between same-sex friends, even though homosexuality itself is taboo within the cultures.

2200: 593:. Scientific and professional understanding is that "the core attractions that form the basis for adult sexual orientation typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence". Sexual orientation differs from sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self. 8002: 1716:

than either sexual identity or sexual behavior. Identity and behavior are measured as supplemental information because they are both closely tied to sexual attraction and sexual orientation. Major criticisms of the SASO have not been established, but a concern is that the reliability and validity remains largely unexamined.

5556:"Different aspects of sexual orientation may be influenced to a greater or lesser degree by experiential factors such that sexual experimentation with same-gender partners may be more dependent on a conducive family environment than the development of a gay or lesbian identity." Susan E. Golombok & Fiona L. Tasker, 1712:

pairs of questions. Taken all together, the six pairs of questions and responses provide a profile of an individual's sexual orientation. However, results can be further simplified into four summaries that look specifically at responses that correspond to either homosexuality, heterosexuality, bisexuality or asexuality.

2197: 2097:. A study on how heterosexual and homosexual men's brains react to seeing pictures of naked men and women has found that both hetero- and homosexual men react positively to seeing their preferred sex, using the same brain regions. The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the 1699:(1978), the KSOG uses a 7-point scale to assess seven different dimensions of sexuality at three different points in an individual's life: past (from early adolescence up to one year ago), present (within the last 12 months), and ideal (what the individual would choose if it were completely their choice). 4990:

Zietsch, Brendan P.; Neale, Benjamin M.; Perry, John R. B.; Sanders, Alan R.; Martin, Eden R.; Beecham, Gary W.; Harris, Kathleen Mullan; Auton, Adam; Långström, Niklas; Lundström, Sebastian; Lichtenstein, Paul; 23andMe Research Team; Sathirapongsasuti, J. Fah; Guo, Shengru; Abdellaoui, Abdel; Busch,

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Sexual orientation is a deep part of personal identity and is usually quite stable. Starting with their earliest erotic feelings, most people remember being attracted to either the opposite sex or the same sex. The fact that sexual orientation is usually quite stable doesn't rule out the possibility

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Modern scientific surveys find that, across cultures, most people report a heterosexual orientation. Bisexuality comes in varying degrees of relative attraction to the same or opposite sex. Men are more likely to be exclusively homosexual than to be equally attracted to both sexes, while the opposite

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Translation is a major obstacle when comparing different cultures. Many English terms lack equivalents in other languages, while concepts and words from other languages fail to be reflected in the English language. Translation and vocabulary obstacles are not limited to the English language. Language

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The variance in prevalence rates is reflected in people's inconsistent responses to the different components of sexual orientation within a study and the instability of their responses over time. Laumann et al. (1994) found that among U.S. adults 20% of those who would be considered homosexual on one

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Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual

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The Kinsey scale has been praised for dismissing the dichotomous classification of sexual orientation and allowing for a new perspective on human sexuality. Despite seven categories being able to provide a more accurate description of sexual orientation than a dichotomous scale, it is still difficult

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Currently, there is no scientific consensus about the specific factors that cause an individual to become heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual – including possible biological, psychological, or social effects of the parents' sexual orientation. However, the available evidence indicates that the vast

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Although researchers generally believe that sexual orientation is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, with biological factors involving a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biological

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is defined based on the sex of one's partner. In some parts of the world, however, sexuality is often socially defined based on sexual roles, whether one is a penetrator or is penetrated. In Western cultures, people speak meaningfully of gay, lesbian, and bisexual identities and communities. In some

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The relative percentage of the population that reports a homosexual or bisexual orientation can vary with different methodologies and selection criteria. A 1998 report stated that these statistical findings are in the range of 2.8 to 9% for males, and 1 to 5% for females for the United States – this

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In the United States, non-Caucasian LGBT individuals may find themselves in a double minority, where they are neither fully accepted or understood by mainly Caucasian LGBT communities, nor are they accepted by their own ethnic group. Many people experience racism in the dominant LGBT community where

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Some researchers who study sexual orientation argue that the concept may apply differently for men and women. A study of sexual arousal patterns found that women, when viewing erotic films which show female-female, male-male and male-female sexual activity (oral sex or penetration), have patterns of

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Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population

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As there is no research indicating which of the three components is essential in defining sexual orientation, all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation. Savin Williams (2006) discusses this issue and notes that by basing findings regarding sexual

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and cannot be regarded as a pathological condition. The Pan American Health Organization further called on governments, academic institutions, professional associations and the media to expose these practices and to promote respect for diversity. The World Health Organization affiliate further noted

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Efforts to change sexual orientation are unlikely to be successful and involve some risk of harm, contrary to the claims of SOCE practitioners and advocates. Even though the research and clinical literature demonstrate that same-sex sexual and romantic attractions, feelings, and behaviors are normal

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and chromosome 8 in the pericentromeric region. The authors concluded that "our findings, taken in context with previous work, suggest that genetic variation in each of these regions contributes to development of the important psychological trait of male sexual orientation." It was the largest study

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is a heterosexual male or a lesbian female. Any attempt to classify them may not only cause confusion but arouse offense among the affected subjects. In such cases, while defining sexual attraction, it is best to focus on the object of their attraction rather than on the sex or gender of the subject.

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are closely related to sexual orientation, but they are distinguished, with sexual identity referring to an individual's conception of themselves, behavior referring to actual sexual acts performed by the individual, and orientation referring to "fantasies, attachments and longings." Individuals may

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Rust, P.C. (2003). Finding a Sexual Identity and Community: Therapeutic Implications and Cultural Assumptions in Scientific Models of Coming Out. In L. Garnets & D.C. Kimmel (Eds.). Psychological perspectives on lesbian, gay and bisexual experiences (pp. 227–69). New York: Columbia University

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The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established – nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent

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The Internet has influenced sexual orientation in two ways: it is a common mode of discourse on the subject of sexual orientation and sexual identity, and therefore shapes popular conceptions; and it allows anonymous attainment of sexual partners, as well as facilitates communication and connection

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The SASO consists of 12 questions. Six of these questions assess sexual attraction, four assess sexual behavior, and two assess sexual orientation identity. For each question on the scale that measures homosexuality there is a corresponding question that measures heterosexuality giving six matching

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A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other. Research in the 1970s on masculinity and femininity found that concepts of masculinity and femininity are more appropriately measured as

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The Kinsey scale provides a classification of sexual orientation based on the relative amounts of heterosexual and homosexual experience or psychic response in one's history at a given time. The classification scheme works such that individuals in the same category show the same balance between the

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writes, "The terms heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual are better used as adjectives, not nouns, and are better applied to behaviors, not people. This usage is particularly advantageous when discussing the partners of transsexual or intersexed individuals. These newer terms also do not carry the

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is needed to overcome immense difficulties in characterizing the sexual orientation of trans men and trans women. For instance, it is difficult to decide whether a trans man erotically attracted to males is a heterosexual female or a homosexual male; or a trans woman erotically attracted to females

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states that "exual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes" and that "his range of behaviors and attractions has been described in various cultures and nations throughout the world. Many cultures use identity labels to

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Sexual orientation refers to the sex of those to whom one is sexually and romantically attracted. one's enduring sexual attraction to male partners, female partners, or both. Sexual orientation may be heterosexual, same-sex (gay or lesbian), or bisexual. A person may be attracted to men, women,

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from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual. Kinsey reported that when the individuals' behavior, as well as their identity, are analyzed, a significant number of people appeared to be at least somewhat bisexual – i.e., they have some attraction to either sex, although usually one sex is

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Surveys in Western cultures find, on average, that about 93% of men and 87% of women identify as completely heterosexual, 4% of men and 10% of women as mostly heterosexual, 0.5% of men and 1% of women as evenly bisexual, 0.5% of men and 0.5% of women as mostly homosexual, and 2% of men and 0.5% of

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Some other cultures do not recognize a homosexual/heterosexual/bisexual distinction. It is common to distinguish a person's sexuality according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated). In this distinction, the passive role is typically associated with femininity or inferiority,

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One of the uses for scales that assess sexual orientation is determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population. Depending on subject's age, culture and sex, the prevalence rates of homosexuality vary depending on which component of sexual orientation is being

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Of all the questions on the scale, Sell considered those assessing sexual attraction to be the most important as sexual attraction is a better reflection of the concept of sexual orientation which he defined as "extent of sexual attractions toward members of the other, same, both sexes or neither"

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Males do not represent two discrete populations, heterosexual and homosexual. The world is not to be divided into sheep and goats. Not all things are black nor all things white... The living world is a continuum in each and every one of its aspects. The sooner we learn this concerning human sexual

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Despite almost a century of psychoanalytic and psychological speculation, there is no substantive evidence to support the suggestion that the nature of parenting or early childhood experiences play any role in the formation of a person's fundamental heterosexual or homosexual orientation. It would

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The effect becomes stronger with each successive male pregnancy, meaning the odds of the next son being gay increase by 38–48%. This does not mean that all or most sons will be gay after several male pregnancies, but rather, the odds of having a gay son increase from approximately 2% for the first

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For humans, the norm is that females possess two X sex chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y. The default developmental pathway for a human fetus being female, the Y chromosome is what induces the changes necessary to shift to the male developmental pathway. This differentiation process is

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are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with biological sex, sexual behavior, or actual sexual orientation.

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biological sex or gender... Most theorists would not eliminate the reference to sex or gender, but instead advocate incorporating more complex nonbinary concepts of sex or gender, more complex relationships between sex, gender, and sexuality, and/or additional nongendered dimensions into models of

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Some religious organizations object to the concept of sexual orientation entirely. In the 2014 revision of the code of ethics of the American Association of Christian Counselors, members are forbidden to "describe or reduce human identity and nature to sexual orientation or reference," even while

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Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders

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proposes two different approaches to assessing sexual orientation until well positioned and psychometrically sound and tested definitions are developed that would allow research to reliably identify the prevalence, causes, and consequences of homosexuality. He first suggests that greater priority

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discuss the difficulty of assigning the Kinsey ratings to participants. Particularly, they found it difficult to determine the relative amount heterosexual and homosexual experience and response in a person's history when using the scale. They report finding it difficult to assign ratings 2–4 for

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The mechanisms for the development of a particular sexual orientation remain unclear, but the current literature and most scholars in the field state that one's sexual orientation is not a choice; that is, individuals do not choose to be homosexual or heterosexual. A variety of theories about the

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Sexual fluidity is situation-dependent flexibility in a person's sexual responsiveness, which makes it possible for some individuals to experience desires for either men or women under certain circumstances regardless of their overall sexual orientation....We expect that in all cultures the vast

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Some historians and researchers argue that the emotional and affectionate activities associated with sexual-orientation terms such as "gay" and "heterosexual" change significantly over time and across cultural boundaries. For example, in many English-speaking nations, it is assumed that same-sex

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Though sexual attraction, behavior, and identity are all components of sexual orientation, if a person defined by one of these dimensions were congruent with those defined by another dimension it would not matter which was used in assessing orientation, but this is not the case. There is "little

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The exact causes for the development of a particular sexual orientation have yet to be established. To date, much research has been conducted to determine the influence of genetics, hormonal action, development dynamics, social and cultural influences—which has led many to think that biology and

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Sexuality in the context of religion is often a controversial subject, especially that of sexual orientation. In the past, various sects have viewed homosexuality from a negative point of view and had punishments for same-sex relationships. In modern times, an increasing number of religions and

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perpetuated a common myth that the prevalence of homosexuality is 10% for the whole population by averaging a 13% number for men and a 7% number for women. Voeller generalized this finding and used it as part of the modern gay rights movement to convince politicians and the public that "we are

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published a scheme in 1896 that measured the strength of an individual's sexual desire on two independent 10-point scales, A (homosexual) and B (heterosexual). A heterosexual individual may be A0, B5; a homosexual individual may be A5, B0; an asexual would be A0, B0; and someone with an intense

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of 493,001 individuals concluded that hundreds or thousands of genetic variants underlie homosexual behavior in both sexes, with 5 variants in particular being significantly associated. They stated that in contrast to linkage studies that found substantial association of sexual orientation with

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The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex. For example, it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa. This understanding was

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is considered the fourth category of sexual orientation by some researchers and has been defined as the absence of a traditional sexual orientation. An asexual has little to no sexual attraction to people. It may be considered a lack of a sexual orientation, and there is significant debate over

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is that, although some of this research may be promising in facilitating greater understanding of the development of sexual orientation, it does not permit a conclusion based in sound science at the present time as to the cause or causes of sexual orientation, whether homosexual, bisexual, or

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Although much research has examined the possible genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, no findings have emerged that permit scientists to conclude that sexual orientation – heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality – is determined by any

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There is no substantive evidence to support the suggestion that early childhood experiences, parenting, sexual abuse, or other adverse life events influence sexual orientation. Hypotheses for the impact of the post-natal social environment on sexual orientation are weak, especially for males.

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No major mental health professional organization sanctions efforts to change sexual orientation and virtually all of them have adopted policy statements cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation. These include the American Psychiatric

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Most definitions of sexual orientation include a psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component, which focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s. Some people prefer simply to follow an individual's self-definition or

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Weinrich et al. (1993) and Weinberg et al. (1994) criticized the scale for lumping individuals who are different based on different dimensions of sexuality into the same categories. When applying the scale, Kinsey considered two dimensions of sexual orientation: overt sexual experience and

1295:

A legal brief dated September 26, 2007, and presented on behalf of the American Psychological Association, California Psychological Association, American Psychiatric Association, National Association of Social Workers, and National Association of Social Workers, California Chapter, stated:

1707:

The Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation (SASO) was developed to address the major concerns with the Kinsey Scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid and as such, measures sexual orientation on a continuum, considers various dimensions of sexual orientation, and considers homosexuality and

2041:

Means typically used include surveys, interviews, cross-cultural studies, physical arousal measurements sexual behavior, sexual fantasy, or a pattern of erotic arousal. The most common is verbal self-reporting or self-labeling, which depend on respondents being accurate about themselves.

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In 1999, law professor David Cruz wrote that "sexual orientation (and the related concept homosexuality) might plausibly refer to a variety of different attributes, singly or in combination. What is not immediately clear is whether one conception is most suited to all social, legal, and

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individuals with a large number of heterosexual and homosexual experiences. When there are a substantial number of heterosexual and homosexual experiences in one's history, it becomes difficult for that individual to be fully objective in assessing the relative amount of each.

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preferred. Kinsey's methods have been criticized as flawed, particularly with regard to the randomness of his sample population, which included prison inmates, male prostitutes and those who willingly participated in discussion of previously taboo sexual topics. Nevertheless,

2250:, as explained by Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, "workers or job applicants must not be treated less favourably because of their sexual orientation, their perceived sexual orientation or because they associate with someone of a particular sexual orientation". 2077:

These studies suggest that men and women are different in terms of sexual arousal patterns and that this is also reflected in how their genitals react to sexual stimuli of both genders or even to non-human stimuli. Sexual orientation has many dimensions (attractions,

641:. Thus, a woman who is attracted to other women, but calls herself heterosexual and only has sexual relations with men, can be said to experience discordance between her sexual orientation (homosexual or lesbian) and her sexual identity and behaviors (heterosexual). 1290:

No one knows what causes heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. Homosexuality was once thought to be the result of troubled family dynamics or faulty psychological development. Those assumptions are now understood to have been based on misinformation and

629:'. The term may, however, reflect a certain cultural context and particular stage of transition in societies which are gradually dealing with integrating sexual minorities. In studies related to sexual orientation, when dealing with the degree to which a person's 1725:

orientation through scales of assessment, due to ambiguity regarding the definition of sexual orientation. Generally, there are three components of sexual orientation used in assessment. Their definitions and examples of how they may be assessed are as follows:

1142:, hormonal exposure also influences the sexual orientation that emerges later in the adult. Fetal hormones may be seen as either the primary influence upon adult sexual orientation or as a co-factor interacting with genes or environmental and social conditions. 2330:

women as completely homosexual. An analysis of 67 studies found that the lifetime prevalence of sex between men (regardless of orientation) was 3-5% for East Asia, 6-12% for South and South East Asia, 6-15% for Eastern Europe, and 6-20% for Latin America. The

2021:

and right or left-handedness. Secondly, Savin-Williams suggests that researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether and assess only those components that are relevant to the research question being investigated. For example:

1180:

biological mechanism – specifically a maternal immune response to male fetuses – since the effect is only present in men with older biological brothers, and not present among men with older step-brothers and adoptive brothers. This process, known as the

1223:. However, environmental influence does not automatically imply that the social environment influences or contributes to the development of sexual orientation. There is a vast non-social environment that is non-genetic yet still biological, such as 1348:

In 2009, the American Psychological Association Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed journal literature on sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) and concluded:

2434:

has stated that the social constructionist approach, which is influenced by Foucault, is based on a selective reading of the historical record that confuses the existence of homosexual people with the way in which they are labelled or treated.

2253:

In Euro-American cultures, norms, values, traditions and laws facilitate heterosexuality, including constructs of marriage and family. Efforts are being made to change prejudiced attitudes, and legislation is being passed to promote equality.

1099:

may be related to the development of sexual orientation. A twin study from 2001 appears to exclude genes as a major factor, while a twin study from 2010 found that homosexuality was explained by both genes and environmental factors. However,

958:

people may be attracted to men, women, or both, although the prevalence of different sexual orientations is quite different in these two populations. An individual homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual person may be masculine, feminine, or

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Professor Michael King stated, "The conclusion reached by scientists who have investigated the origins and stability of sexual orientation is that it is a human characteristic that is formed early in life, and is resistant to change.

2421:

that homosexuality as an identity did not exist in the eighteenth century; that people instead spoke of "sodomy", which referred to sexual acts. Sodomy was a crime that was often ignored, but sometimes punished severely under

1282:

appear that sexual orientation is biological in nature, determined by a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment. Sexual orientation is therefore not a choice, though sexual behaviour clearly is.

710:) are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual attraction, as an alternative to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. They are used for identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a 2388:

and concluded that removing the prison inmates and prostitutes barely affected the results. More recent researchers believe that Kinsey overestimated the rate of same-sex attraction because of flaws in his sampling methods.

2196: 2430:'Sexuality' is an invention of the modern state, the industrial revolution, and capitalism." Other scholars argue that there are significant continuities between ancient and modern homosexuality. The philosopher of science 4571:

majority of individuals are sexually predisposed exclusively to the other sex (i.e., heterosexual) and that only a minority of individuals are sexually predisposed (whether exclusively or non-exclusively) to the same sex.

1708:

heterosexuality separately. Rather than providing a final solution to the question of how to best measure sexual orientation, the SASO is meant to provoke discussion and debate about measurements of sexual orientation.

2074:(bonobos) having sex. Men did not show any sexual arousal to non-human visual stimuli, their arousal patterns being in line with their specific sexual interest (women for heterosexual men and men for homosexual men). 1770:"Pick from these six options: gay or lesbian; bisexual, but mostly gay or lesbian; bisexual equally gay/lesbian and heterosexual; bisexual but mostly heterosexual; heterosexual; and uncertain, don't know for sure." 1008:

Gay and lesbian people can have sexual relationships with someone of the opposite sex for a variety of reasons, including the desire for a perceived traditional family and concerns of discrimination and religious

1025:

of the closet to oneself, a spouse of the opposite sex, and children can present challenges that are not faced by gay and lesbian people who are not married to people of the opposite sex or do not have children.

1345:

Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association, National Association of Social Workers in the US, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Australian Psychological Society.

946:, as well as many gender-variant homosexual people themselves. However, this understanding of homosexuality as sexual inversion was disputed at the time, and, through the second half of the twentieth century, 4789: 663:

suggests a degree of voluntary choice. The term has been listed by the American Psychological Association's Committee on Gay and Lesbian Concerns as a wording that advances a "heterosexual bias". The term

4654:. Even if sexual fluidity exists for some women, it does not mean that the majority of women will change sexual orientations as they age – rather, sexuality is stable over time for the majority of people. 4649:

esearch suggests that women's sexual orientation is slightly more likely to change than men's (Baumeister 2000; Kinnish et al. 2005). The notion that sexual orientation can change over time is known as

1510:

From at least the late nineteenth century in Europe, there was speculation that the range of human sexual response looked more like a continuum than two or three discrete categories. Berlin sexologist

4929:

Sanders, A.R.; Martin, E.R.; Beecham, G.W.; Guo, S.; Dawood, K.; Rieger, G.; Badner, J.A.; Gershon, E.S.; Krishnappa, R.S.; Kolundzija, A.B.; Duan, J.; Gejman, P.V.; Bailey, J. M. (17 November 2014).

3503: 1629:

Individuals have more overt activity or psychic reactions in the homosexual while still maintaining a fair amount of heterosexual activity or responding rather definitively to heterosexual contact.

4770:

Vare, Jonatha W., and Terry L. Norton. "Understanding Gay and Lesbian Youth: Sticks, Stones and Silence." Cleaning House 71.6 (1998): 327–31: Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 19 April 2012.

1756:"Any mutually voluntary activity with another person that involves genital contact and sexual excitement or arousal, that is, feeling really turned on, even if intercourse or orgasm did not occur" 479:

largely overlaps with sexual orientation, but is generally distinguished in psychological research. A person who identifies as bisexual, for example, may sexually prefer one sex over the other.

2147:

settings. Social systems such as religion, language and ethnic traditions can have a powerful impact on realization of sexual orientation. Influences of culture may complicate the process of

2866:"Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365(...) – APA California Amicus Brief — As Filed" 3320:

No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.

6888:

Safron, Adam; Bennett, Barch; Bailey, J. Michael; Gitelman, Darren R.; Parrish, Todd B.; Reber, Paul J. (2007). "Neural Correlates of Sexual Arousal in Homosexual and Heterosexual Men".

4811:

Långström, Niklas; Rahman, Qazi; Carlström, Eva; Lichtenstein, Paul (2010-02-01). "Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behavior: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden".

7606: 7493:

Carballo-Diéguez A.; Dolezal C.; Nieves L.; Díaz F.; Decena C.; Balan I. (2004). "Looking for a tall, dark, macho man… sexual-role behaviour variations in Latino gay and bisexual men".

441:, sexual orientation "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions". 4171: 4106: 7165:

Santaemilia, J. (2008). 'War of words' on New (Legal) Sexual Identities: Spain's Recent Gender-Related Legislation and Discursive Conflict. In J. Santaemilia & P. Bou (Eds.).

8189:

Clark, Jesse L.; Caceres, Carlos F.; Lescano, Andres G.; Konda, Kelika A.; Leon, Segundo R.; Jones, Franca R.; Kegeles, Susan M.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Coates, Thomas J. (2007).

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A significant volume of research has demonstrated that the probability of a male growing up to be gay increases with each older brother he has from the same mother. Known as the

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majority of lesbian and gay adults were raised by heterosexual parents and the vast majority of children raised by lesbian and gay parents eventually grow up to be heterosexual.

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Research suggests that sexual orientation is independent of cultural and other social influences, but that open identification of one's sexual orientation may be hindered by

11482: 11487: 2543: 6305:

D'Augelli; Hershberger, SL; Pilkington, NW; et al. (2001). "Suicidality patterns and sexual orientation-related factors among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths".

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expressed concerns that the positions espoused by NARTH are not supported by the science and create an environment in which prejudice and discrimination can flourish.

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religious denominations accept homosexuality. It is possible to integrate sexual identity and religious identity, depending on the interpretation of religious texts.

3507: 2247: 1111: of male sexual orientation was conducted by several independent groups of researchers. Significant linkage to homosexuality was found with genes on chromosome 4781: 1205:

say the FBO effect demonstrates that sexual orientation is heavily influenced by prenatal biological mechanisms rather than unidentified factors in socialization.

1085: 1596:. Individuals have only incidental homosexual contacts which have involved physical or psychic response or incidental psychic response without physical contact. 8025:)). Quote: "The problem with sexuality: Some scholars have argued that maleness and femaleness were not closely linked to sexuality in China. Michel Foucault's 7340: 6566:

Eskin, M.; Kaynak-Demir, H.; Demis, S. (2005). "Same-sex sexuall orientation, childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal behaviour in university students in Turkey".

2876: 2460:

on the origins of homosexuality is considered relevant to theological and social debate because it undermines suggestions that sexual orientation is a choice."

2443:

other cultures, homosexuality and heterosexual labels do not emphasize an entire social identity or indicate community affiliation based on sexual orientation.

1414:

in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories:

11010: 8739: 4007: 10771: 2228:; some studies have found that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance. 2015 research suggests that "gaydar" is an alternate label for using 5731: 5269:; Skorska, Malvina N.; Wang, Chao; Gabrie, José; MacNeil, Adam J.; Hoffarth, Mark R.; VanderLaan, Doug P.; Zucker, Kenneth J.; Blanchard, Ray (2018-01-09). 3785: 8094: 1124:

variants on the X-chromosome, they found no excess of signal (and no individual genome-wide significant variants) on Xq28 or the rest of the X chromosome.

1017:

people hide their respective orientations from their spouses, others develop positive gay and lesbian identities while maintaining successful heterosexual

7670: 2224:), and accompaniment by and behavior with other people. The attempt to detect sexual orientation in social situations is sometimes colloquially known as 768:

can avoid confusion and offense when describing people in non-western cultures, as well as when describing intersex and transgender people. Psychiatrist

8172: 7815: 4135:, Journal of Social Issues, vol. 56(2), Summer 2000, pp. 205–21. Special Issue: Women's sexualities: New perspectives on sexual orientation and gender. 2220:

One person may presume knowledge of another person's sexual orientation based upon perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, voice (c.f.

9749: 6948:

Garnets, L. & Kimmel, D.C. (Eds.). (2003). Psychological perspectives on lesbian, gay and bisexual experiences. New York: Columbia University Press

4713: 4194: 11156: 193: 7415: 5668: 3828: 2054:

has proved a fruitful way of understanding how men and women differ as genders and in terms of sexual orientation. A clinical measurement may use

7916: 5479: 2267: 1767:

Personally selected, socially and historically bound labels attached to the perceptions and meaning individuals have about their sexual identity.

10782: 6609:

Wichstrom, L.; Hegna, K. (2003). "Sexual orientation and suicide attempt: A longitudinal study of the general Norwegian adolescent population".

5695: 2637: 1585:. Individuals make no physical contact which results in erotic arousal or orgasm and make no psychic responses to individuals of their own sex. 6262:

Eskin, M.; et al. (2005). "Same-sex sexual orientation, childhood sexual abuse, and suicidal behaviour in university students in Turkey".

5718: 4416:

Nascimento, Geysa Cristina Marcelino; Scorsolini-Comin, Fabio; Nascimento, Geysa Cristina Marcelino; Scorsolini-Comin, Fabio (September 2018).

291: 5407: 4684: 10868: 5779: 4930: 4863: 3852: 2672: 11497: 10512: 9397: 7575: 3357: 3153: 1693:

developed the Klein sexual orientation grid (KSOG), a multidimensional scale for describing sexual orientation. Introduced in Klein's book

1658:

to determine which category individuals should be assigned to. In a major study comparing sexual response in homosexual males and females,

1167: 366: 6436:

Mosher, W; Chandra, A.; Jones, J. "Sexual behaviour and selected health measures: Men and women 15–44 years of age, United States, 2002".

3870:

Bagemihl B. Surrogate phonology and transsexual faggotry: A linguistic analogy for uncoupling sexual orientation from gender identity. In

11512: 11382: 11226: 10741: 8147: 4075: 3919: 3307: 3200: 1745:

Attraction toward one sex or the desire to have sexual relations or to be in a primary loving, sexual relationship with one or both sexes

281: 255: 7846: 4636: 3257: 3079: 3040: 2738: 1333:

Sexual orientation change efforts are methods that aim to change a same-sex sexual orientation. They may include behavioral techniques,

11492: 11061: 10788: 10731: 8732: 7997: 7938: 7863: 6821: 4862:

Sanders, A.R.; Martin, E.R.; Beecham, G.W.; Guo, S.; Dawood, K.; Rieger, G.; Badner, J.A.; Gershon, E.S.; Krishnappa, R.S. (May 2015).

4028:

Minton HL (1986). "Femininity in men and masculinity in women: American psychiatry and psychology portray homosexuality in the 1930s".

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Siiteri, PK; Wilson, JD (Jan 1974). "Testosterone formation and metabolism during male sexual differentiation in the human embryo".

4289: 11424: 11201: 6734: 1133: 1073: 208: 11589: 11269: 11247: 10589: 7047: 2548: 2118: 7702:

Davis, M.; Hart, G.; Bolding, G.; Sherr, L.; Elford, J. (2006). "Sex and the Internet: Gay men, risk reduction and serostatus".

4558: 10940: 10828: 10711: 8274: 1651:

Individuals who are exclusively homosexual, both in regard to their overt experience and in regard to their psychic reactions.

1261: 7448: 4163: 922:

shared by most of the significant theorists of sexual orientation from the mid nineteenth to early twentieth century, such as

11372: 11336: 8725: 8022: 6713: 6653: 6507: 6420: 6357: 6246: 6044: 5974: 5901: 5876: 5835: 5175: 4630: 3972:"Gynemimesis and gynemimetophilia: Individual and cross-cultural manifestations of a gender-coping strategy hitherto unnamed" 3905: 3837: 3815: 3779: 3301: 3251: 3194: 3073: 3034: 2919: 2830: 2732: 8058: 7977: 3533: 2938: 1068:

Research has identified several biological factors which may be related to the development of sexual orientation, including

486:

Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they theorize that it is caused by a complex interplay of

11955: 11899: 11472: 10956: 7531:

Cardoso F.L. (2005). "Cultural Universals and Differences in Male Homosexuality: The Case of a Brazilian Fishing Village".

7466:"Sexual orientation and the workplace: Putting the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 into practice" 6958:

Mock, S.E.; Eibach, R.P. (2011). "Stability and change in sexual orientation identity over a 10-year period in adulthood".

4622: 2093:

More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using

198: 6669:

Diamond, L.M. (2003). "Was it a phase? Young women's relinquishment of lesbian/bisexual identities over a 5-year period".

5796: 11507: 11196: 10907: 10893: 10662: 9791: 8480: 7301: 2610: 2518: 2122: 1996: 203: 5580:(American Psychological Association), vol. 32, 1996, 3–11) (author Susan Golombok prof. psychology, City Univ., London, 11171: 11161: 11037: 10976: 10488: 10333: 9230: 4680: 4592: 2945: 2914:

Schmidt J (2010). Migrating Genders: Westernisation, Migration, and Samoan Fa'afafine, p. 45 Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.,

2679: 2606: 2320: 1253: 1214: 597: 495: 438: 220: 215: 10725: 11822: 11089: 11047: 8304: 8141: 8052: 8014: 7971: 5990:

Weinrich, J.; et al. (1993). "A factor analysis of the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid in two disparate samples".

5574:

Do Parents Influence the Sexual Orientation of Their Children? Findings From a Longitudinal Study of Lesbian Families

5569: 4991:

Alexander S.; Wedow, Robbee; Maier, Robert; Nivard, Michel G.; Verweij, Karin J. H.; Ganna, Andrea (30 August 2019).

4461: 4149: 3879: 3466: 3416: 2865: 2381: 1316: 897: 503: 8076: 4265: 975:

in multiple studies reported "substantially more" cross-sex-typed behavior in childhood than heterosexual subjects.

879: 11911: 11894: 11025: 10993: 10971: 10672: 10278: 9511: 9312: 4136: 2641: 2523: 1363: 1257: 694: 498:. Although no single theory on the cause of sexual orientation has yet gained widespread support, scientists favor 359: 3405: 1607:. Individuals have more than incidental homosexual experience or respond rather definitely to homosexual stimuli. 11419: 11397: 11351: 11324: 11166: 10683: 10657: 9786: 9685: 9493: 4381:

Matteson DR (1985). "Bisexual men in marriage: is a positive homosexual identity and stable marriage possible?".

3765: 3666:"Concordance Between Sexual Behavior and Sexual Identity in Street Outreach Samples of Four Racial/Ethnic Groups" 2331: 2236: 34: 8113: 7188:

Rule, NO (2011). "The influence of target and perceiver race in the categorisation of male sexual orientation".

5855:

Sappho und Socrates, Wie erklärt sich die Liebe der Männer & und Frauen zu Personen des eigenen Geschlechts?

11392: 11151: 11056: 10652: 10541: 9811: 9742: 9445: 9423: 4311:

Hays D; Samuels A (1989). "Heterosexual women's perceptions of their marriages to bisexual or homosexual men".

1387: 1274: 1240: 1063: 864: 499: 286: 188: 7677: 7001:

Markus H.R.; Kitayama S. (1991). "Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation".

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Chivers, Meredith L.; J. Michael Bailey. (2005). "A sex difference in features that elicit genital response".

11782: 11191: 11094: 11020: 10836: 10667: 10537: 10517: 9621: 9402: 8342: 8167: 7798: 7243:"At the crossroads of conspicuous and concealable: What race categories communicate about sexual orientation" 5336:

Blanchard R (1997). "Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual versus heterosexual males and females".

2553: 2513: 1684: 1120: 1108: 398:, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender. Patterns are generally categorized under 240: 8191:"Prevalence of Same-Sex Sexual Behavior and Associated Characteristics among Low-Income Urban Males in Peru" 4218:

Higgins, Daryl J. (30 June 2012). "Taylor & Francis Online : Gay Men from Heterosexual Marriages".

11459: 11429: 11255: 11176: 10853: 10502: 10392: 9616: 9387: 4754: 4204: 2563: 1690: 1334: 7425: 7302:"Found in translation: Cross-cultural consensus in the accurate categorization of male sexual orientation" 7048:"Identity experience among progressive gay Muslims in North America: A qualitative study within Al-Fatiha" 1748:"Have you ever had a romantic attraction to a male? Have you ever had a romantic attraction to a female?" 11950: 11812: 11582: 11206: 11042: 10920: 10751: 9759: 9727: 9692: 7370: 5745:

Spitzer R.L. (1981). "The diagnostic status of homosexuality in DSM-III: a reformulation of the issues".

4346:

Coleman E (1981). "Bisexual and gay men in heterosexual marriage: conflicts and resolutions in therapy".

3186: 2767: 2235:

Perceived sexual orientation may affect how a person is treated. For instance, in the United States, the

2176:

for "husband" and "wife", respectively, have recently been replaced in Spain by the gender-neutral terms

2062:, where genital engorgement with blood is measured in response to exposure to different erotic material. 2059: 1355: 1041: 563: 352: 340: 319: 11906: 11688: 11346: 10619: 10507: 10192: 9781: 9392: 9302: 9062: 8579: 5857:(Sappho and Socrates, How Can One Explain the Love of Men and Women for Individuals of Their Own Sex?). 5675: 4475:"Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time" 2976:"Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time" 2901: 2286: 1618:. Individuals are about equally homosexual and heterosexual in their experiences or psychic reactions. 1138:

The hormonal theory of sexuality holds that just as exposure to certain hormones plays a role in fetal

688: 442: 130: 7912: 6194:

Udry, J.; Chantala, K. (2005). "Risk factors differ according to same sex and opposite-sex interest".

1689:

In response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation,

659:, and the two terms are often used interchangeably, but the American Psychological Association states 11889: 11879: 11619: 11032: 10961: 10701: 10599: 10498: 9737: 9042: 5702: 5435: 4199: 3663: 2822: 2645: 2508: 2335: 2282: 1367: 1080:

structure. No single controlling cause has been identified, and research is continuing in this area.

590: 30: 7067: 7015: 4733: 4076:"Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: a conceptual analysis and quantitative review" 3119: 11929: 11329: 11181: 10818: 10798: 10584: 9907: 8335: 8027: 7120:

Sechrest, L.; Fay, T.L.; Zaidi, M.H. (1972). "Problems of Translation in Cross-Cultural Research".

4673: 4030: 3293: 2503: 2417: 927: 55: 5368: 4971: 4912: 3849: 2683: 601:

describe people who express these attractions. In the United States, the most frequent labels are

11884: 10532: 9897: 9478: 9412: 8934: 8600: 4418:"Revealing one's Homosexuality to the Family: An Integrative Review of the Scientific Literature" 2558: 1759:"Have you ever had a relationship with someone of your own sex which resulted in sexual orgasm?" 875: 276: 3664:

Ross, Michael W.; Essien, E. James; Williams, Mark L.; Fernandez-Esquer, Maria Eugenia. (2003).

3455: 3121: 625:

sexual orientation that does not align with their sexual identity are sometimes referred to as '

11749: 11698: 11668: 11575: 11307: 11216: 10935: 10719: 10630: 10457: 10377: 9844: 9546: 9407: 8641: 8574: 8455: 7062: 7010: 4728: 4297: 2481: 2408: 1442:. In the series of pamphlets, Ulrichs outlined a set of questions to determine if a man was an 821: 577: 534: 324: 225: 8131: 5949: 5926: 5502: 5369:"Interaction of fraternal birth order and handedness in the development of male homosexuality" 4578: 3895: 3287: 3180: 414:(experiencing no sexual attraction to others) is sometimes identified as the fourth category. 11870: 11744: 11739: 11663: 11646: 11051: 10988: 10930: 10915: 10848: 10594: 10357: 10353: 10055: 9796: 9754: 9658: 9382: 8691: 8686: 8671: 8544: 8310: 8249:

Multiculturalism and Group Therapy in the United States: A Social Constructionist Perspective

4993:"Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior" 4614: 4270: 3237: 3063: 3024: 2718: 2528: 2079: 2055: 1430:. These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: 1411: 923: 810:

is recognized, a term like "homosexual transsexual" does not align with cultural categories.

617: 559: 260: 172: 7946: 7891: 7178:

Leap, W.L. (1996). Word's Out: Gay Men's English. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.

6782: 6455:

Savin-Williams, R.; Ream, G.L. (2003). "Suicide attempts among sexual-minority male youth".

2816: 871: 11829: 11614: 11377: 10813: 10761: 10462: 10338: 10137: 10035: 9680: 9362: 9337: 9057: 8646: 8537: 8202: 7366:"Inferences About Sexual Orientation: The Roles of Stereotypes, Faces, and The Gaydar Myth" 7254: 5282: 5209: 5077: 4261: 4129: 3126: 2533: 2009: 1410:

One of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by

1224: 1177: 987: 483:

may also suggest a degree of voluntary choice, whereas sexual orientation is not a choice.

314: 230: 7469: 3850:

Redefining fa’afafine: Western discourses and the construction of transgenderism in Samoa.

3826:

Diamond M (2010). Sexual orientation and gender identity. In Weiner IB, Craighead EW eds.

3583:(2004). "Asexuality: prevalence and associated factors in a national probability sample". 8: 11844: 11729: 11693: 11312: 10925: 10427: 9942: 9648: 8845: 8371: 5732:""Therapies" to change sexual orientation lack medical justification and threaten health" 5436:"Sexual orientation, fraternal birth order, and the maternal immune hypothesis: A review" 4456:

Sinclair, Karen, About Whoever: The Social Imprint on Identity and Orientation, NY, 2013

3213:

Most health and mental health organizations do not view sexual orientation as a 'choice.'

2457: 1695: 1659: 1341:, psychoanalytic techniques, medical approaches, and religious and spiritual approaches. 1155: 1139: 1116:

of the genetic basis of homosexuality to date and was published online in November 2014.

1101: 972: 506:, from exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex. 8206: 7646: 7258: 6523:

Dunne, M.; Bailey, J.; Kirk, K.; Martin, N. (2000). "The subtlety of sex –atypicality".

6159:

Sell, R.L. (1996). "The Sell assessment of sexual orientation: Background and scoring".

5286: 5213: 5081: 3534:"Controlling Desires: Sexual Orientation Conversion and the Limits of Knowledge and Law" 2232:

to infer orientation, and that face-shape is not an accurate indication of orientation.

11817: 11789: 11734: 11412: 11297: 11211: 11114: 11099: 11079: 10998: 10343: 10162: 9922: 9912: 9643: 9541: 9438: 9235: 8992: 8706: 8651: 8620: 8525: 8225: 8190: 8105: 7883: 7771: 7747:"Estimating the number of men who have sex with men in low and middle income countries" 7746: 7727: 7650: 7598: 7556: 7510: 7392: 7365: 7332: 7277: 7242: 7223: 7137: 7088: 7028: 6983: 6913: 6870: 6813: 6591: 6548: 6480: 6393: 6330: 6287: 6219: 6176: 6088: 6015: 5650: 5539: 5471: 5399: 5313: 5270: 5240: 5197: 5027: 4992: 4961: 4902: 4844: 4746: 4580:

Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior with Concept Maps and Reviews

4499: 4474: 4243: 4098: 3771: 3746: 3730: 3695: 3643: 3608: 3000: 2975: 2792: 2724: 1338: 1320: 1202: 452: 7096: 3971: 2017:, brain scans, eye tracking, body odour preference, and anatomical variations such as 11834: 11794: 11777: 11502: 11302: 11282: 11104: 11015: 11003: 10842: 10776: 10766: 10447: 10437: 10432: 10303: 10050: 9195: 8850: 8835: 8800: 8696: 8605: 8554: 8443: 8300: 8230: 8137: 8048: 8018: 8010: 7967: 7887: 7841: 7807: 7776: 7719: 7655: 7602: 7594: 7548: 7514: 7397: 7364:

Cox, William T.L.; Devine, Patricia G.; Bischmann, Alyssa A.; Hyde, Janet S. (2015).

7324: 7282: 7215: 7141: 7080: 6975: 6905: 6862: 6805: 6801: 6709: 6686: 6649: 6626: 6583: 6540: 6503: 6472: 6416: 6389: 6353: 6322: 6279: 6242: 6211: 6180: 6138: 6080: 6040: 6034: 6007: 5970: 5964: 5942: 5919: 5897: 5872: 5850: 5831: 5762: 5654: 5565: 5531: 5523: 5463: 5455: 5391: 5345: 5318: 5300: 5245: 5227: 5171: 5148: 5095: 5032: 5014: 4953: 4894: 4886: 4836: 4828: 4782:"'Gay genes': science is on the right track, we're born this way. Let's deal with it" 4626: 4588: 4550: 4528: 4504: 4457: 4439: 4398: 4363: 4328: 4235: 4145: 4071: 4047: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3911: 3901: 3875: 3833: 3811: 3775: 3750: 3738: 3687: 3682: 3665: 3647: 3626:

Reiter L. (1989). "Sexual orientation, sexual identity, and the question of choice".

3600: 3548: 3462: 3412: 3376: 3297: 3247: 3190: 3145: 3069: 3030: 3005: 2915: 2895: 2826: 2784: 2728: 2403:

Because sexual orientation is complex, some academics and researchers, especially in

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figure can be as high as 12% for some large cities and as low as 1% for rural areas.

1511: 1446:. The definitions of each category of Ulrichs' classification scheme are as follows: 1198: 964: 931: 630: 422: 387: 8278: 8109: 7560: 7227: 7092: 7032: 6987: 6917: 6858: 6780: 6552: 6484: 6397: 6334: 6223: 6092: 6019: 5797:"The A.P.A. Normalization of Homosexuality, and the Research Study of Irving Bieber" 5543: 5475: 5403: 5271:"Male homosexuality and maternal immune responsivity to the Y-linked protein NLGN4Y" 4848: 4750: 4415: 4247: 4102: 3699: 3612: 3120:

Frankowski BL; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence (June 2004).

2796: 1325: 730:

do not make any such assignations to the subject. People may also use terms such as

11722: 11636: 11319: 11287: 11277: 10480: 10412: 10318: 9989: 9954: 9947: 9732: 9553: 9526: 9521: 9210: 9067: 8701: 8661: 8460: 8220: 8210: 8070:

The author has made adapted and expanded portions of this book available online as

7875: 7766: 7758: 7731: 7711: 7642: 7590: 7540: 7502: 7445: 7387: 7379: 7336: 7316: 7272: 7262: 7205: 7197: 7129: 7072: 7020: 6967: 6897: 6874: 6854: 6817: 6797: 6678: 6618: 6595: 6575: 6532: 6464: 6385: 6314: 6291: 6271: 6203: 6168: 6130: 6072: 5999: 5754: 5640: 5515: 5447: 5383: 5308: 5290: 5235: 5217: 5140: 5085: 5022: 5004: 4966: 4945: 4907: 4878: 4820: 4738: 4584: 4540: 4494: 4486: 4429: 4390: 4355: 4320: 4227: 4090: 4039: 3983: 3952: 3722: 3677: 3635: 3592: 3366: 3243: 3135: 2995: 2987: 2776: 2475: 2368: 2305: 2229: 2209: 622: 544: 152: 7383: 5645: 5628: 5584:, p. xx, & author Fiona Tasker sr. lecturer, Birkbeck Coll., Univ. of London, 2780: 2296:

counselors must acknowledge the client's fundamental right to self-determination.

2243:

reported to police in 2004 were "because of a sexual-orientation bias". Under the

1554:

behavior, the sooner we shall reach a sound understanding of the realities of sex.

621:

or may not express their sexual orientation in their behaviors. People who have a

11851: 11764: 11683: 11606: 11467: 11292: 11221: 11071: 10756: 10609: 10397: 10348: 10266: 10216: 10003: 9984: 9979: 9932: 9712: 9589: 9531: 9297: 9276: 9183: 9163: 9132: 9101: 8840: 8830: 8761: 8752: 8748: 8676: 8510: 8485: 8392: 8358: 8215: 8176: 8080: 8042: 8006: 7961: 7859: 7506: 7452: 7267: 7076: 5431: 5364: 5266: 5044: 3856: 3580: 3556: 3472: 3422: 2949: 2673:"Definitions Related to Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity in APA Documents" 2439: 2412: 2221: 2152: 2083: 1538: 1371: 1194: 1035: 978:

Sexual orientation sees greater intricacy when non-binary understandings of both

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Chivers, Meredith L.; Gerulf Rieger; Elizabeth Latty; J. Michael Bailey (2004).

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that for some people sexual behavior may change during the course of a lifetime.

3808:

Forensic and medico-legal aspects of sexual crimes and unusual sexual practices.

1088:, which may result from the same underlying cause as sexual orientation itself. 11960: 11866: 11856: 11772: 11555: 11109: 11084: 10793: 10647: 10604: 10417: 9937: 9887: 9869: 9663: 9536: 9516: 9367: 9327: 9256: 9077: 8815: 8717: 8625: 8610: 8564: 8532: 8495: 8402: 8327: 8009:, by Susan Brownell & Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom (Univ. of Calif. Press, 2002 ( 7879: 7794: 7133: 7024: 6682: 5800: 5275:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

5202:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

5090: 5065: 4931:"Genome-wide scan demonstrates significant linkage for male sexual orientation" 4864:"Genome-wide scan demonstrates significant linkage for male sexual orientation" 4524: 2385: 2359: 2244: 2051: 1529: 1527:, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in 968: 950:

came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation.

935: 814: 782: 741: 711: 383: 162: 7715: 7544: 6971: 6579: 6536: 6275: 6207: 6076: 5519: 4949: 4882: 4824: 4490: 4094: 4059:

An American obsession: Science, medicine, and homosexuality in modern society.

3726: 3596: 2991: 2602: 994:

Most alternative models of sexuality... define sexual orientation in terms of

11944: 11658: 11631: 11598: 11444: 10863: 10736: 10576: 10564: 10522: 10452: 10422: 10313: 10271: 10243: 10030: 9927: 9917: 9902: 9864: 9836: 9722: 9594: 9568: 9558: 9431: 9332: 9322: 9292: 9271: 9261: 9220: 9188: 9137: 8972: 8825: 8615: 8569: 8490: 8448: 8423: 8397: 7811: 7492: 7320: 5527: 5459: 5304: 5231: 5018: 4890: 4832: 4545: 4443: 3995: 3915: 3504:"Submission to the Church of England's Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality" 3371: 3352: 2538: 2404: 1992: 1640:

Individuals are almost entirely homosexual in their activities or reactions.

1534: 1190: 943: 802: 769: 726: 456: 433: 403: 245: 145: 125: 109: 10147: 7762: 5295: 5222: 5009: 3477: 3427: 3351:

Bailey JM, Vasey PL, Diamond LM, Breedlove SM, Vilain E, Epprecht M (2016).

3140: 77: 11804: 11754: 11717: 11543: 11434: 11402: 11341: 11186: 10858: 10382: 10323: 10256: 10124: 10070: 9892: 9826: 9821: 9806: 9774: 9702: 9563: 9317: 9307: 9215: 9027: 8929: 8904: 8860: 8438: 8416: 8382: 8234: 8100:. In Duberman, Martin Bauml; Vicinus, Martha; Chauncey, George Jr. (eds.). 7780: 7723: 7552: 7401: 7328: 7286: 7219: 7084: 6979: 6909: 6866: 6809: 6690: 6630: 6587: 6544: 6476: 6326: 6283: 6215: 5535: 5467: 5395: 5349: 5322: 5249: 5099: 5066:"No 'gay gene': Massive study homes in on genetic basis of human sexuality" 5036: 4957: 4898: 4840: 4554: 4508: 4239: 3894:

Blaney, Paul H.; Krueger, Robert F.; Millon, Theodore (19 September 2014).

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Rice, Kim (2009). "Pansexuality". In Marshall Cavendish Corporation (ed.).

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Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society

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having sex (heterosexual and homosexual) and from videos showing non-human

1542: 1524: 1376: 1219:

In the field of genetics, any factor which is non-genetic is considered an

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Sell, R.L. (1997). "Defining and measuring sexual orientation: A review".

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demographic, sociologist Johanna Schmidt writes that in cultures where a

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Caceres, C.; Konda, K.; Pecheny, M.; Chatterjee, A.; Lyerla, R. (2006).

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Australian Psychological Society: "Sexual orientation and homosexuality"

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Bogaert, AF (April 2015). "Asexuality: What It Is and Why It Matters".

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To assess interpersonal attachments, measure sexual/romantic attraction

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of the available twin studies has made their interpretation difficult.

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Gender and sexual identities in transition: international perspectives

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Shively, M.G.; DeCecco, J.P. (1977). "Components of sexual identity".

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Gay, Straight, and the reason why. The science of sexual orientation

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Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation

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A small percentage of people are not sexually attracted to anyone (

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Out of the Shadows, Into the Light: Christianity and Homosexuality

7201: 6304: 3900:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 592–. 3676:(2). American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association: 110–113. 843: 10308: 10298: 10167: 10040: 9849: 9631: 9458: 9454: 9205: 9200: 9178: 9052: 9012: 8997: 8887: 7633:

Masequesmay, G. (2003). "Emergence of queer Vietnamese America".

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Predominantly homosexual but more than incidentally heterosexual.

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A Critique of Social Constructionism and Postmodern Queer Theory

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Predominantly heterosexual but more than incidentally homosexual

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National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality

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may also be used to describe a person's perception of their own

545:

Definitions and distinguishing from sexual identity and behavior

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Intersections: Gender, history and culture in the Asian context

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Wedding Bell Blues: The Income Tax Consequences of Legalizing

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Rule, NO; Ishii, K; Ambady, N; Rosen, KS; Hallett, KC (2011).

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Do Parents Influence the Sexual Orientation of Their Children?

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Do Parents Influence the Sexual Orientation of Their Children?

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Between Men: HIV/STI Prevention For Men Who Have Sex With Men

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Between Men: HIV/STI Prevention For Men Who Have Sex With Men

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Lamanna, Mary Ann; Riedmann, Agnes; Stewart, Susan D (2014).

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that are protected by international and regional agreements.

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Sexual orientation and gender identity at the United Nations

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To assess STIs or HIV transmission, measure sexual behaviour

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Rosario, M.; Schrimshaw, E.; Hunter, J.; Braun, L. (2006).

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Rosario, M.; Schrimshaw, E.; Hunter, J.; Braun, L. (2006).

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biological differences between gay people and heterosexuals

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These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of

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and positive variations of human sexuality, regardless of

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Some researchers advocate use of the terminology to avoid

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Minwalla O.; Rosser B.R.S.; Feldman J.; Varga C. (2005).

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Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003

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conceptualizations of human sexuality. Writing about the

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Sexual orientation is traditionally defined as including

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Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past

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In the paper "Who's Gay? Does It Matter?", psychologist

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Predominantly homosexual/only incidentally heterosexual.

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Urano-Dioning – Comparable to the modern term "bisexual"

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are credited with discovering the effect in the 1990s.

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environment factors play a complex role in forming it.

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Ehrhardt, Anke A. (August 2007). "John Money, Ph.D.".

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to describe sexual orientation as an alternative to a

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Male sexual orientation: a cross-cultural perspective

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To assess political ideology, measure sexual identity

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The American Psychiatric Association stated in 2011:

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James Alm, M.V. Lee Badgett, Leslie A. Whittington,

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Johnson, KL; Ghavami, N (2011). Gilbert, Sam (ed.).

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Zwischen – A somewhat manly and somewhat effeminate

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Terms have been proposed for sexual attraction to a

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Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology

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Statement of the American Psychological Association

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The republic of choice: law, authority, and culture

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Urning – Comparable to the modern term "homosexual"

1402:can make sexual orientation difficult to quantify. 421:and terminology. For example, people may use other 10224: 8324:. New York & London: Garland Publishing, 1990. 7576:"Gay Asian Masculinities and Christian Theologies" 7357: 6058: 6056: 5941: 5918: 5501: 3884: 3454: 3404: 3174: 3172: 3170: 2371:et al., people were asked to rate themselves on a 1668: 1594:Predominantly heterosexual/incidentally homosexual 1235:Influences: professional organizations' statements 9490: 7864:"Toward a conceptual understanding of asexuality" 6937: 6637: 6149: 5564:(Los Angeles, Calif.: Roxbury Publishing, 2001) ( 5562:Speaking of Sexuality: Interdisciplinary Readings 5130: 3963: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2148: 772:explains that androphilia, along with gynephilia, 11942: 8747: 8357: 8136:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 399. 8095:"Revolutions, Universals, and Sexual Categories" 7119: 6193: 6110:. 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John Wiley and Sons, 3800: 3358:Psychological Science in the Public Interest 3182:Delivering Culturally Competent Nursing Care 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2155:, as they may experience various degrees of 1366:(the North and South American branch of the 1168:Fraternal birth order and sexual orientation 11227:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine 10742:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee 8295:Brum, Gil, Larry McKane, & Gerry Karp, 7632: 6378:Current Directions in Psychological Science 6241:. University of Chicago Press. p. 67. 5925:. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co. p. 5335: 5051:. geneticsexbehavior.info. 28 February 2018 4380: 3969: 3842: 3820: 3573: 2810: 2808: 2806: 651:, rather than sexual orientation. The term 585:whether or not it is a sexual orientation. 282:Non-reproductive sexual behavior in animals 256:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine 15: 11925: 11590: 11576: 11493:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany 10732:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany 9446: 9432: 8740: 8726: 8350: 8336: 8264:(Granada Publishing Ltd. 1976), chs. 3, 4. 7953: 7408: 7309:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 6957: 6352:. 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Archived from 2382:Kinsey Institute for Sex Research 2360:Sexual Behavior in the Human Male 2045: 1530:Sexual Behavior in the Human Male 1317:Sexual orientation change efforts 11924: 11550: 11549: 11537: 11142:— Medicine, science and sexology 10972:Criminalization of homosexuality 10279:Attraction to transgender people 9313:Attraction to transgender people 8267: 8254: 8241: 8182: 8123: 7991: 7832: 7738: 7695: 7612:from the original on Dec 7, 2021 7595:10.1111/j.1939-3881.2011.00202.x 7567: 7486: 7476: 7458: 7439: 7293: 7234: 7181: 7172: 7113: 7039: 6994: 6951: 6924: 6802:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00750.x 6697: 6662: 6602: 6559: 6516: 6390:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00403.x 5627:Cook, Christopher C. H. 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Sociologist 609:(men attracted to men), and 605:(women attracted to women), 7: 11956:Interpersonal relationships 11813:Child-on-child sexual abuse 11222:Sexual orientation identity 11043:Transgender rights movement 10563: 10413:Gender and sexual diversity 9782:Queerplatonic relationships 7533:Archives of Sexual Behavior 7371:The Journal of Sex Research 6960:Archives of Sexual Behavior 6902:10.1037/0735-7044.121.2.237 6623:10.1037/0021-843X.112.1.144 6568:Archives of Sexual Behavior 6525:Archives of Sexual Behavior 6469:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3204_3 6319:10.1521/suli.31.3.250.24246 6264:Archives of Sexual Behavior 6065:Archives of Sexual Behavior 6039:. Oxford University Press. 5992:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5508:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5452:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.02.004 5388:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.09.002 5049:Genetics of Sexual Behavior 4813:Archives of Sexual Behavior 3941:Petterson, Lanna J (2020). 3715:The Journal of Sex Research 3461:. Oxford University Press. 3411:. 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Georgia 8652:Right to sexuality 8621:Sexual frustration 8560:Sexual orientation 8262:Friends and Lovers 8175:2021-06-15 at the 8079:2019-03-30 at the 8005:2017-03-12 at the 7860:Bogaert, Anthony F 7574:Cheng, P. (2011). 7451:2019-12-06 at the 6173:10.1007/BF03372244 6106:Bem, S.L. (1981). 6004:10.1007/bf01542364 5851:Hirschfeld, Magnus 5681:on 28 August 2010. 5003:(6456): eaat7693. 4525:Breedlove, S. Marc 4264:(August 5, 2006), 4057:Terry, J. 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Texas 10777:White Night riots 10767:Handkerchief code 10554: 10553: 10550: 10549: 10448:Gender transition 10438:Gender neutrality 10433:Gender expression 10418:Gender assignment 10366: 10365: 10217:Sexual identities 10211: 10210: 9985:Sexual identities 9980:Gender identities 9967: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9686:Awareness periods 9659:Community centers 9577: 9576: 9421: 9420: 9368:Gender assignment 9351: 9350: 9096: 9095: 8836:Gender neutrality 8715: 8714: 8697:Sexual revolution 8606:Sexual attraction 8555:Sexual abstinence 8444:Celibacy syndrome 8307:. (About INAH-3.) 8023:978-0-520-22116-1 7842:Same-Sex Marriage 7428:on April 11, 2007 6715:978-0-226-46957-7 6655:978-0-226-46957-7 6509:978-0-226-46957-7 6422:978-0-226-46957-7 6359:978-0-231-10226-1 6248:978-0-226-46957-7 6046:978-0-19-508482-5 5976:978-0-316-54984-4 5969:. Little, Brown. 5903:978-0-253-33412-1 5878:978-4-87187-704-6 5837:978-0-87975-866-0 5780:"An Instant Cure" 5177:978-0-19-993158-3 4632:978-3-319-29412-4 3907:978-0-19-981177-9 3838:978-0-470-17023-6 3816:978-1-4200-4308-2 3781:978-0-7614-7905-5 3303:978-0-323-29412-6 3253:978-1-305-17689-8 3196:978-0-8261-9381-0 3075:978-0-415-57043-5 3036:978-0-674-76260-2 2920:978-1-4094-0273-2 2832:978-0-231-13724-9 2734:978-0-7614-7905-5 2205: 1979: 1978: 1911:Australia: Adults 1774: 1773: 1742:Sexual attraction 1655: 1654: 1512:Magnus Hirschfeld 1416:dionings, urnings 1209:Social hypotheses 1199:J. Michael Bailey 1150:hormones, mainly 1074:prenatal hormones 965:J. Michael Bailey 932:Magnus Hirschfeld 908: 907: 900: 865:original research 677:sexual preference 661:sexual preference 653:sexual preference 481:Sexual preference 477:sexual preference 388:sexual attraction 377: 376: 209:Prenatal hormones 57:Sexual Preference 39:16 September 2024 18: 11968: 11928: 11927: 11592: 11585: 11578: 11569: 11568: 11553: 11552: 11544:LGBTQ portal 11542: 11541: 11540: 11320:LGBT stereotypes 11288:Heteropatriarchy 11278:Amatonormativity 11266: 11265: 11241: 11240: 11207:Sexual inversion 11135: 11134: 10994:Military service 10904: 10903: 10887: 10886: 10610:Social movements 10573: 10572: 10560: 10559: 10319:Non-heterosexual 10222: 10221: 10009: 10008: 10000: 9999: 9973: 9972: 9948:Rainbow crossing 9787:Religious groups 9733:New queer cinema 9605: 9604: 9583: 9582: 9527:LGBT linguistics 9522:Lesbian feminism 9487: 9486: 9448: 9441: 9434: 9425: 9424: 9211:Non-heterosexual 9111: 9110: 8769: 8768: 8742: 8735: 8728: 8719: 8718: 8702:Sexual surrogate 8662:Sexual addiction 8461:Conventional sex 8352: 8345: 8338: 8329: 8328: 8283: 8282: 8271: 8265: 8258: 8252: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8228: 8218: 8186: 8180: 8165: 8159: 8158: 8156: 8155: 8127: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8112:. Archived from 8099: 8090: 8084: 8069: 8067: 8066: 8038: 8032: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7985: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7945:. Archived from 7935: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7890:. Archived from 7856: 7850: 7836: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7826: 7820: 7805: 7791: 7785: 7784: 7774: 7742: 7736: 7735: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7682: 7675: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7635:Amerasia Journal 7630: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7611: 7580: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7528: 7519: 7518: 7490: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7468:. Archived from 7462: 7456: 7443: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7424:. Archived from 7412: 7406: 7405: 7395: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7351: 7345: 7315:(11): 1499–507. 7306: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7280: 7270: 7238: 7232: 7231: 7213: 7185: 7179: 7176: 7170: 7163: 7146: 7145: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7101: 7095:. Archived from 7070: 7052: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7018: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6955: 6949: 6946: 6935: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6842: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6826: 6787: 6778: 6772: 6765: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6731: 6720: 6719: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6641: 6635: 6634: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6373: 6364: 6363: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6156: 6147: 6146: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6060: 6051: 6050: 6030: 6024: 6023: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5947: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5924: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5864: 5858: 5848: 5842: 5841: 5823: 5817: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5799:. Archived from 5793: 5787: 5786:; April 1, 1974. 5777: 5771: 5770: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5728: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5674:. Archived from 5673: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5648: 5624: 5618: 5595: 5589: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5505: 5497: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5412: 5373: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5333: 5327: 5326: 5316: 5298: 5263: 5254: 5253: 5243: 5225: 5193: 5182: 5181: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5128: 5122: 5112: 5106: 5103: 5093: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5040: 5030: 5012: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4977:on Oct 31, 2017. 4976: 4970:. Archived from 4969: 4944:(7): 1379–1388. 4935: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4918:on Oct 31, 2017. 4917: 4911:. Archived from 4910: 4868: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4777: 4771: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4753:. Archived from 4736: 4718: 4709: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4689: 4678: 4670: 4659: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4609: 4603: 4601: 4585:Cengage Learning 4573: 4567: 4566: 4548: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4502: 4470: 4464: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4437: 4428:(3): 1527–1541. 4413: 4407: 4406: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4296:. Archived from 4286: 4280: 4279: 4278:on June 21, 2013 4274:, archived from 4258: 4252: 4251: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4203:. Archived from 4190: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4159: 4153: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4111: 4080: 4068: 4062: 4055: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4016: 4015: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3891: 3882: 3868: 3862: 3846: 3840: 3824: 3818: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3685: 3661: 3652: 3651: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3567: 3561: 3555:. Archived from 3538: 3529: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3500: 3487: 3486: 3480: 3460: 3450: 3437: 3436: 3430: 3410: 3400: 3385: 3384: 3374: 3348: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3315: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3267: 3265: 3244:Cengage Learning 3233: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3176: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3143: 3117: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3003: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2954: 2948:. Archived from 2943: 2935: 2922: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2899: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2881: 2870: 2862: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2812: 2801: 2800: 2762: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2714: 2703: 2702: 2696: 2694: 2688: 2677: 2669: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2648:on July 22, 2011 2644:. Archived from 2634: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2599: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2429: 2369:Alfred C. Kinsey 2306:LGBT stereotypes 2230:LGBT stereotypes 2210:Welsh government 2206: 1859:US: Young adults 1791: 1787: 1728: 1727: 1568: 1567: 1560: 1277:in 2007 stated: 1264:in 2006 stated: 1243:in 2004 stated: 903: 896: 892: 889: 883: 880:inline citations 856: 855: 848: 838:gynemimetophilic 834:gynemimetophilia 822:person born male 623:non-heterosexual 369: 362: 355: 339: 338: 153:Non-heterosexual 66: 65: 11976: 11975: 11971: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11966: 11965: 11941: 11940: 11939: 11934: 11930:Topical outline 11916: 11861: 11852:Sex trafficking 11799: 11765:Child sexuality 11759: 11669:Objectification 11607:Human sexuality 11601: 11596: 11566: 11561: 11538: 11536: 11519: 11468:Corrective rape 11454: 11356: 11293:Homonationalism 11260: 11231: 11143: 11121: 11066: 11057:La Francophonie 11026:List of couples 10984:Hate crime laws 10945: 10898: 10873: 10823: 10757:Stonewall riots 10706: 10677: 10673:Medieval Europe 10636: 10567: 10546: 10362: 10349:Sexual minority 10267:Gray asexuality 10248: 10207: 10119: 10004:Gender identity 9994: 9959: 9874: 9831: 9599: 9573: 9532:LGBT literature 9503: 9494:Academic fields 9481: 9452: 9422: 9417: 9347: 9298:Analloeroticism 9281: 9277:Heterosociality 9245: 9142: 9105: 9103: 9092: 8907: 8899: 8841:Gender variance 8831:Gender fluidity 8763: 8756: 8746: 8716: 8711: 8677:Sexual jealousy 8630: 8589:Sexual dynamics 8584: 8511:One-night stand 8486:Heterosexuality 8393:Gray asexuality 8376: 8374: 8365: 8359:Human sexuality 8356: 8292: 8290:Further reading 8287: 8286: 8273: 8272: 8268: 8259: 8255: 8246: 8242: 8187: 8183: 8177:Wayback Machine 8166: 8162: 8153: 8151: 8144: 8128: 8124: 8116: 8097: 8091: 8087: 8081:Wayback Machine 8064: 8062: 8055: 8039: 8035: 8007:Wayback Machine 7996: 7992: 7983: 7981: 7974: 7958: 7954: 7937: 7936: 7932: 7922: 7920: 7911: 7910: 7906: 7897: 7895: 7857: 7853: 7845:, p. 24 (1998) 7837: 7833: 7824: 7822: 7818: 7803: 7792: 7788: 7743: 7739: 7700: 7696: 7686: 7684: 7680: 7673: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7631: 7624: 7615: 7613: 7609: 7578: 7572: 7568: 7529: 7522: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7477: 7464: 7463: 7459: 7453:Wayback Machine 7446:ACAS (About Us) 7444: 7440: 7431: 7429: 7414: 7413: 7409: 7362: 7358: 7349: 7347: 7343: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7239: 7235: 7186: 7182: 7177: 7173: 7164: 7149: 7118: 7114: 7105: 7103: 7099: 7068:10.1.1.464.9089 7050: 7044: 7040: 7016:10.1.1.320.1159 6999: 6995: 6956: 6952: 6947: 6938: 6929: 6925: 6886: 6882: 6843: 6839: 6830: 6828: 6824: 6785: 6779: 6775: 6766: 6757: 6748: 6746: 6739:psycnet.apa.org 6733: 6732: 6723: 6716: 6702: 6698: 6667: 6663: 6656: 6642: 6638: 6607: 6603: 6564: 6560: 6521: 6517: 6510: 6496: 6492: 6453: 6449: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6409: 6405: 6374: 6367: 6360: 6346: 6342: 6303: 6299: 6260: 6256: 6249: 6235: 6231: 6192: 6188: 6157: 6150: 6119: 6115: 6104: 6100: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6036:Dual Attraction 6031: 6027: 5988: 5984: 5977: 5961: 5957: 5938: 5934: 5915: 5911: 5904: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5865: 5861: 5849: 5845: 5838: 5824: 5820: 5812: 5808: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5778: 5774: 5743: 5739: 5730: 5729: 5725: 5717: 5713: 5708:on Oct 2, 2017. 5705: 5698: 5694: 5693: 5686: 5678: 5671: 5667: 5666: 5662: 5625: 5621: 5596: 5592: 5555: 5551: 5498: 5494: 5485: 5483: 5429: 5425: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5371: 5361: 5357: 5334: 5330: 5264: 5257: 5194: 5185: 5178: 5164: 5160: 5129: 5125: 5113: 5109: 5076:(7772): 14–15. 5054: 5052: 5043: 4986: 4982: 4974: 4933: 4927: 4923: 4915: 4866: 4860: 4856: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4778: 4774: 4769: 4765: 4757: 4734:10.1.1.483.4722 4727:(5): 1179–205. 4716: 4710: 4703: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4676: 4672: 4671: 4662: 4652:sexual fluidity 4642: 4640: 4633: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4587:. p. 372. 4564: 4562: 4520: 4516: 4471: 4467: 4455: 4451: 4414: 4410: 4389:(1–2): 149–71. 4379: 4375: 4354:(2–3): 93–103. 4344: 4340: 4319:(1–2): 81–100. 4309: 4305: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4259: 4255: 4216: 4212: 4191: 4187: 4177: 4175: 4160: 4156: 4139: 4137:Article online. 4128: 4124: 4115: 4113: 4109: 4078: 4069: 4065: 4056: 4026: 4022: 4013: 4011: 3968: 3964: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3908: 3892: 3885: 3869: 3865: 3857:Wayback Machine 3847: 3843: 3825: 3821: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3782: 3774:. p. 593. 3770:. Vol. 2. 3767:Sex and Society 3762: 3758: 3711: 3707: 3662: 3655: 3624: 3620: 3578: 3574: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3547:(5): 1297–400. 3536: 3530: 3523: 3513: 3511: 3502: 3501: 3490: 3469: 3451: 3440: 3419: 3401: 3388: 3349: 3326: 3313: 3311: 3304: 3296:. p. 502. 3284: 3277: 3263: 3261: 3254: 3234: 3219: 3206: 3204: 3197: 3189:. p. 169. 3177: 3168: 3159: 3157: 3118: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3076: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3037: 3021: 3017: 2972: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2925: 2913: 2909: 2893: 2892: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2868: 2864: 2863: 2852: 2842: 2840: 2833: 2813: 2804: 2763: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2735: 2723:. Vol. 2. 2720:Sex and Society 2715: 2706: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2661: 2651: 2649: 2636: 2635: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2601: 2600: 2577: 2572: 2494: 2489: 2487: 2480: 2473: 2470: 2453: 2440:sexual identity 2427: 2413:Michel Foucault 2401: 2395: 2355: 2323: 2317: 2308: 2302: 2289: 2279: 2270: 2264: 2222:Gay male speech 2208:A video by the 2192: 2190: 2165: 2153:sexual identity 2125: 2111: 2050:Studying human 2048: 2039: 2006: 1988: 1764:Sexual identity 1753:Sexual behavior 1722: 1705: 1687: 1681: 1561: 1558: 1539:Wardell Pomeroy 1521: 1486:Virilised – An 1408: 1396: 1372:human sexuality 1323: 1315:Main articles: 1313: 1237: 1217: 1211: 1195:Anthony Bogaert 1170: 1164: 1136: 1130: 1094: 1092:Genetic factors 1066: 1060: 1051: 1038: 1036:Sexual fluidity 1032: 1006: 948:gender identity 904: 893: 887: 884: 869: 857: 853: 846: 716:gender identity 697: 691: 685: 645:Sexual identity 618:sexual behavior 570:heterosexuality 566: 556:Sexual identity 552: 547: 419:sexual identity 400:heterosexuality 373: 204:Neuroscientific 141:Gray asexuality 62: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 11974: 11964: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11936: 11935: 11933: 11932: 11921: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11903: 11902: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11876: 11874: 11867:Age of consent 11863: 11862: 11860: 11859: 11857:Sexual slavery 11854: 11849: 11848: 11847: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11826: 11825: 11815: 11809: 11807: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11786: 11785: 11775: 11773:Child marriage 11769: 11767: 11761: 11760: 11758: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11726: 11725: 11715: 11714: 11713: 11703: 11702: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11650: 11649: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11623: 11622: 11611: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11595: 11594: 11587: 11580: 11572: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11559: 11547: 11532: 11529: 11528: 11525: 11524: 11521: 11520: 11518: 11517: 11516: 11515: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11464: 11462: 11456: 11455: 11453: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11416: 11415: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11364: 11362: 11358: 11357: 11355: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11333: 11332: 11322: 11317: 11316: 11315: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11274: 11272: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11258: 11253: 11250: 11237: 11236: 11233: 11232: 11230: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11154: 11148: 11145: 11144: 11131: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11123: 11122: 11120: 11119: 11118: 11117: 11112: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11085:Gay liberation 11082: 11076: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11064: 11059: 11054: 11048:United Nations 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11029: 11028: 11023: 11013: 11008: 11007: 11006: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10980: 10979: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10953: 10951: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10912: 10910: 10900: 10899: 10897: 10896: 10883: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10839: 10833: 10831: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10794:Operation Soap 10791: 10786: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10722: 10716: 10714: 10708: 10707: 10705: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10688: 10686: 10679: 10678: 10676: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10658:Ancient Greece 10655: 10650: 10648:Adelphopoiesis 10644: 10642: 10641:Pre-modern era 10638: 10637: 10635: 10634: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10581: 10579: 10569: 10568: 10556: 10555: 10552: 10551: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10544: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10485: 10484: 10477: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10374: 10372: 10368: 10367: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10304:Heteroflexible 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10275: 10274: 10269: 10259: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10230: 10228: 10219: 10213: 10212: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10129: 10127: 10121: 10120: 10118: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10096: 10095: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10074: 10073: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10012: 10006: 9996: 9995: 9993: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9969: 9968: 9965: 9964: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9957: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9884: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9872: 9870:Rainbow plaque 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9845:Black triangle 9841: 9839: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9778: 9777: 9772: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9746: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9693:Film festivals 9690: 9689: 9688: 9678: 9677: 9676: 9671: 9664:Cross-dressing 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9640: 9639: 9634: 9626: 9625: 9624: 9614: 9608: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9592: 9579: 9578: 9575: 9574: 9572: 9571: 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9550: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9517:Gender studies 9514: 9508: 9505: 9504: 9502: 9501: 9496: 9483: 9482: 9451: 9450: 9443: 9436: 9428: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9359: 9357: 9353: 9352: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9328:Plurisexuality 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9289: 9287: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9257:Sociosexuality 9253: 9251: 9250:Social aspects 9247: 9246: 9244: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9196:Heteroflexible 9193: 9192: 9191: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9150: 9148: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9119: 9117: 9108: 9098: 9097: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9078:Vakasalewalewa 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8969: 8968: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8943: 8940: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8911: 8909: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8897: 8892: 8891: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8870: 8865: 8864: 8863: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8777: 8775: 8766: 8758: 8757: 8745: 8744: 8737: 8730: 8722: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8638: 8636: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8626:Sociosexuality 8623: 8618: 8613: 8611:Sexual capital 8608: 8603: 8598: 8592: 8590: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8565:Sexual partner 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8541: 8540: 8530: 8529: 8528: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8496:Hypersexuality 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8452: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8420: 8419: 8409: 8408: 8407: 8406: 8405: 8403:Fictosexuality 8400: 8385: 8379: 8377: 8370: 8367: 8366: 8355: 8354: 8347: 8340: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8318: 8308: 8291: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8266: 8260:Robert Brain, 8253: 8240: 8181: 8160: 8142: 8122: 8119:on 2019-03-04. 8085: 8053: 8033: 7990: 7972: 7952: 7949:on 2002-05-29. 7930: 7904: 7851: 7831: 7786: 7737: 7694: 7662: 7622: 7583:Cross Currents 7566: 7520: 7485: 7475: 7457: 7438: 7407: 7356: 7292: 7233: 7180: 7171: 7147: 7112: 7038: 6993: 6950: 6936: 6923: 6880: 6837: 6796:(11): 736–44. 6773: 6755: 6721: 6714: 6696: 6661: 6654: 6636: 6601: 6558: 6515: 6508: 6490: 6447: 6428: 6421: 6403: 6365: 6358: 6340: 6297: 6254: 6247: 6229: 6186: 6167:(4): 295–310. 6148: 6113: 6098: 6052: 6045: 6025: 5982: 5975: 5955: 5932: 5909: 5902: 5884: 5877: 5859: 5843: 5836: 5818: 5806: 5803:on 2013-07-29. 5788: 5772: 5737: 5723: 5711: 5684: 5660: 5619: 5590: 5549: 5492: 5446:(2): 247–254. 5423: 5355: 5328: 5281:(2): 302–306. 5255: 5208:(2): 234–236. 5183: 5176: 5158: 5123: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5061: 5041: 4980: 4921: 4877:(7): 1379–88. 4854: 4803: 4772: 4763: 4760:on 2012-12-20. 4743:10.1086/341906 4701: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4631: 4625:. p. 47. 4610: 4594:978-1111833633 4593: 4514: 4465: 4449: 4408: 4373: 4338: 4303: 4300:on 2007-05-01. 4281: 4253: 4210: 4185: 4168:New York Times 4154: 4122: 4063: 4020: 3962: 3933: 3906: 3883: 3863: 3841: 3819: 3799: 3780: 3756: 3721:(3): 223–224. 3705: 3653: 3618: 3572: 3521: 3488: 3467: 3438: 3417: 3386: 3365:(21): 45–101. 3324: 3302: 3275: 3252: 3246:. p. 82. 3217: 3195: 3166: 3134:(6): 1827–32. 3093: 3074: 3054: 3035: 3015: 2966: 2923: 2907: 2850: 2831: 2802: 2775:(4): 362–379. 2752: 2733: 2704: 2659: 2624: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2500: 2499: 2485: 2469: 2466: 2452: 2449: 2394: 2391: 2386:Kinsey Reports 2354: 2351: 2319:Main article: 2316: 2313: 2301: 2298: 2278: 2275: 2263: 2260: 2189: 2186: 2164: 2161: 2110: 2107: 2052:sexual arousal 2047: 2046:Sexual arousal 2044: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2015:sexual arousal 2005: 2002: 1987: 1984: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1721: 1718: 1704: 1701: 1683:Main article: 1680: 1677: 1653: 1652: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1591: 1587: 1586: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1556: 1520: 1517: 1508: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1407: 1404: 1395: 1392: 1312: 1309: 1236: 1233: 1213:Main article: 1210: 1207: 1166:Main article: 1163: 1160: 1132:Main article: 1129: 1126: 1093: 1090: 1062:Main article: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1047: 1034:Main article: 1031: 1028: 1005: 1002: 969:Kenneth Zucker 936:Havelock Ellis 906: 905: 860: 858: 851: 845: 842: 815:Bruce Bagemihl 783:Milton Diamond 742:polyfidelitous 712:sex assignment 687:Main article: 684: 681: 551: 548: 546: 543: 386:attraction or 375: 374: 372: 371: 364: 357: 349: 346: 345: 344: 343: 330: 329: 328: 327: 322: 317: 312: 304: 303: 302:Related topics 299: 298: 297: 296: 295: 294: 284: 279: 271: 270: 266: 265: 264: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 212: 211: 206: 201: 196: 183: 182: 178: 177: 176: 175: 170: 165: 163:Plurisexuality 160: 155: 150: 149: 148: 138: 133: 128: 120: 119: 115: 114: 113: 112: 107: 102: 97: 89: 88: 84: 83: 73: 72: 50: 28: 22: 19: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11973: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11931: 11923: 11922: 11919: 11913: 11912:South America 11910: 11908: 11905: 11901: 11900:United States 11898: 11897: 11896: 11895:North America 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11868: 11864: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11846: 11843: 11842: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11824: 11821: 11820: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11806: 11802: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11784: 11781: 11780: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11766: 11762: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11724: 11721: 11720: 11719: 11716: 11712: 11709: 11708: 11707: 11704: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11681: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11659:Miscegenation 11657: 11655: 11652: 11648: 11645: 11644: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11621: 11620:Rainbow party 11618: 11617: 11616: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11608: 11604: 11600: 11599:Sexual ethics 11593: 11588: 11586: 11581: 11579: 11574: 11573: 11570: 11558: 11557: 11548: 11546: 11545: 11534: 11533: 11530: 11514: 11511: 11510: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11465: 11463: 11461: 11457: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11445:Transmisogyny 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11414: 11411: 11410: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11365: 11363: 11359: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11331: 11328: 11327: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11314: 11311: 11310: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11257: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11245: 11242: 11238: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11149: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11132: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11107: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11075: 11073: 11069: 11063: 11060: 11058: 11055: 11053: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11018: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11005: 11002: 11001: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10978: 10975: 10974: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10954: 10952: 10948: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10913: 10911: 10909: 10905: 10901: 10895: 10892: 10891: 10888: 10884: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10864:Rainbow Night 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10844: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10830: 10826: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10784: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10737:Cadet scandal 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10713: 10709: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10685: 10680: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10653:Ancient Egypt 10651: 10649: 10646: 10645: 10643: 10639: 10633: 10632: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10578: 10577:LGBTQ history 10574: 10570: 10566: 10561: 10557: 10543: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10523:Straight ally 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10483: 10482: 10478: 10476: 10475: 10471: 10470: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10453:Hermaphrodite 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10423:Gender binary 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10375: 10373: 10369: 10359: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10273: 10272:Demisexuality 10270: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10254: 10251: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10231: 10229: 10227: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10214: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10128: 10126: 10122: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10094: 10091: 10090: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10031:Gender bender 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10013: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9974: 9970: 9956: 9953: 9949: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9885: 9883: 9881: 9877: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9865:Pink triangle 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9838: 9834: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9767: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9750:Organizations 9748: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9687: 9684: 9683: 9682: 9679: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9666: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9609: 9606: 9602: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9587: 9584: 9580: 9570: 9569:Transfeminism 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9559:Queer studies 9557: 9555: 9552: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9509: 9506: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9449: 9444: 9442: 9437: 9435: 9430: 9429: 9426: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9354: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9333:Postgenderism 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9323:Monosexuality 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9293:Allosexuality 9291: 9290: 9288: 9284: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9272:Homosociality 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9262:Antisexuality 9260: 9258: 9255: 9254: 9252: 9248: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9151: 9149: 9145: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9116: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9099: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8944: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8935:Bugis genders 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8906: 8905:Third genders 8902: 8896: 8893: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8826:Gender bender 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8816:Cross-dresser 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8774: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8759: 8754: 8750: 8743: 8738: 8736: 8731: 8729: 8724: 8723: 8720: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8639: 8637: 8633: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8616:Sexual ethics 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8587: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8570:Single person 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8533:Romantic love 8531: 8527: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8491:Homosexuality 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8450: 8449:Herbivore men 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8436: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8418: 8415: 8414: 8413: 8410: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8398:Demisexuality 8396: 8395: 8394: 8391: 8390: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8364: 8360: 8353: 8348: 8346: 8341: 8339: 8334: 8333: 8330: 8323: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8306: 8305:9780471600008 8302: 8298: 8294: 8293: 8280: 8276: 8270: 8263: 8257: 8250: 8244: 8236: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8192: 8185: 8178: 8174: 8171: 8170: 8164: 8149: 8145: 8143:0-19-926479-1 8139: 8135: 8134: 8126: 8115: 8111: 8107: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8078: 8075: 8074: 8060: 8056: 8054:9781474286923 8050: 8046: 8045: 8037: 8030: 8029: 8024: 8020: 8016: 8015:0-520-22116-8 8012: 8008: 8004: 8001: 8000: 7994: 7979: 7975: 7973:9781119164739 7969: 7965: 7964: 7956: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7934: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7894:on 2012-01-14 7893: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7877: 7874:(3): 241–50. 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7855: 7848: 7844: 7843: 7835: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7802: 7801: 7796: 7790: 7782: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7741: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7713: 7710:(2): 161–74. 7709: 7705: 7698: 7679: 7672: 7666: 7657: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7641:(1): 117–34. 7640: 7636: 7629: 7627: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7589:(4): 540–48. 7588: 7584: 7577: 7570: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7539:(1): 103–09. 7538: 7534: 7527: 7525: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7501:(2): 159–71. 7500: 7496: 7489: 7479: 7471: 7467: 7461: 7454: 7450: 7447: 7442: 7427: 7423: 7422: 7417: 7411: 7403: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7360: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7303: 7296: 7288: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7253:(3): e18025. 7252: 7248: 7244: 7237: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7203: 7202:10.1068/p7001 7199: 7196:(7): 830–39. 7195: 7191: 7184: 7175: 7168: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7116: 7102:on 2020-02-04 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7078: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7061:(2): 113–28. 7060: 7056: 7049: 7042: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7009:(2): 224–53. 7008: 7004: 6997: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6966:(3): 641–48. 6965: 6961: 6954: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6933: 6927: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6896:(2): 237–48. 6895: 6891: 6884: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6853:(2): 115–20. 6852: 6848: 6841: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6717: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6677:(2): 352–64. 6676: 6672: 6665: 6657: 6651: 6647: 6640: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6617:(1): 144–51. 6616: 6612: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6574:(2): 185–95. 6573: 6569: 6562: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6531:(6): 549–65. 6530: 6526: 6519: 6511: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6463:(4): 509–22. 6462: 6458: 6451: 6443: 6439: 6432: 6424: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6372: 6370: 6361: 6355: 6351: 6344: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6313:(3): 250–64. 6312: 6308: 6301: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6270:(2): 185–95. 6269: 6265: 6258: 6250: 6244: 6240: 6233: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6202:(4): 481–97. 6201: 6197: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6155: 6153: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6117: 6109: 6102: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6071:(6): 643–58. 6070: 6066: 6059: 6057: 6048: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6029: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5998:(2): 157–68. 5997: 5993: 5986: 5978: 5972: 5968: 5967: 5959: 5951: 5946: 5945: 5936: 5928: 5923: 5922: 5913: 5905: 5899: 5895: 5888: 5880: 5874: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5852: 5847: 5839: 5833: 5829: 5822: 5815: 5810: 5802: 5798: 5792: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5753:(2): 210–15. 5752: 5748: 5741: 5733: 5727: 5720: 5715: 5704: 5697: 5691: 5689: 5677: 5670: 5664: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5623: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5594: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5570:1-891487-33-7 5567: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5496: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5427: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5382:(3): 405–14. 5381: 5377: 5370: 5366: 5365:Bogaert, A.F. 5359: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5332: 5324: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5262: 5260: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5179: 5173: 5169: 5162: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5139:(1): 113–25. 5138: 5134: 5127: 5121: 5117: 5111: 5101: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5062: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4932: 4925: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4858: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4776: 4767: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4706: 4686: 4682: 4675: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4655: 4653: 4638: 4634: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4608: 4596: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4539:(2): 45–101. 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4518: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4469: 4463: 4462:9780981450513 4459: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4412: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4290:"Gay No More" 4285: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4158: 4151: 4150:0-231-10227-5 4147: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4126: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4060: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4024: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3937: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3890: 3888: 3881: 3880:0-19-510471-4 3877: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3803: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3660: 3658: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3634:(2): 138–50. 3633: 3629: 3622: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3591:(3): 279–87. 3590: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3562:on 2017-09-19 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3535: 3528: 3526: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3468:9780199838820 3464: 3459: 3458: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3420: 3418:9780199752966 3414: 3409: 3408: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3321: 3309: 3305: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3282: 3280: 3272: 3259: 3255: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3214: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3058: 3042: 3038: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3019: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2951: 2947: 2940: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2903: 2897: 2878: 2874: 2867: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2825:. p. 9. 2824: 2820: 2819: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2769: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2701: 2685: 2681: 2674: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2575: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2539:Sexual desire 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2486: 2483: 2477: 2472: 2465: 2461: 2459: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2436: 2433: 2425: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2405:queer studies 2400: 2390: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2350: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2322: 2312: 2307: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2274: 2269: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2073: 2067: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2043: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2001: 2000:everywhere". 1998: 1994: 1993:Bruce Voeller 1983: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1831: 1830: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1793: 1792: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1700: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1686: 1676: 1672: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1566: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1535:Alfred Kinsey 1532: 1531: 1526: 1516: 1513: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1420:uranodionings 1417: 1413: 1403: 1401: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1362:In 2012, the 1359: 1357: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1307: 1306:heterosexual. 1304: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1270: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1191:Ray Blanchard 1186: 1184: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1141: 1135: 1125: 1122: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1098: 1089: 1087: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1065: 1055: 1046: 1043: 1037: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1013:. While some 1012: 1000: 997: 991: 989: 985: 981: 976: 974: 970: 966: 962: 957: 953: 949: 945: 944:Sigmund Freud 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 916: 912: 902: 899: 891: 881: 877: 873: 867: 866: 861:This section 859: 850: 849: 841: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 818: 816: 811: 809: 805: 804: 800: 796: 792: 787: 784: 778: 773: 771: 770:Anil Aggrawal 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 745: 743: 739: 735: 734: 729: 728: 723: 722: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 696: 690: 680: 678: 674: 671: 667: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 619: 614: 612: 608: 604: 599: 594: 592: 586: 583: 579: 578:homosexuality 575: 571: 565: 561: 557: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 507: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 457:gender binary 454: 450: 449: 445: 440: 436: 435: 430: 429: 424: 420: 415: 413: 409: 405: 404:homosexuality 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 370: 365: 363: 358: 356: 351: 350: 348: 347: 342: 334: 333: 332: 331: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 307: 306: 305: 301: 300: 293: 290: 289: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 273: 272: 268: 267: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 246:Queer studies 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 191: 190: 187: 186: 185: 184: 180: 179: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 147: 146:Demisexuality 144: 143: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 126:Allosexuality 124: 123: 122: 121: 118:Related terms 117: 116: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 92: 91: 90: 86: 85: 79: 75: 74: 71: 68: 67: 64: 60: 58: 40: 36: 32: 25: 20: 11805:Sexual abuse 11755:Survival sex 11718:Prostitution 11673: 11554: 11535: 11435:Riddle scale 11403:Heterosexism 11342:Queerbaiting 11197:Neuroscience 11187:Kinsey scale 11162:Demographics 11139: 10859:Rainbow wave 10841: 10829:21st century 10781: 10724: 10712:20th century 10684:19th century 10668:Ancient Rome 10629: 10479: 10472: 10443:Gender roles 10383:Detransition 10356: / 10257:Aromanticism 10225: 9775:Pride parade 9703:Gay-friendly 9564:Queer theory 9373:Gender roles 9318:Kinsey scale 9308:Aromanticism 9184:Gray asexual 9133:Heterosexual 9114: 9058:Sworn virgin 9028:Mukhannathun 8930:Binabinaaine 8559: 8439:Love shyness 8417:Pansexuality 8383:Aromanticism 8321: 8314: 8296: 8279:the original 8269: 8261: 8256: 8248: 8243: 8198: 8194: 8184: 8168: 8163: 8152:. Retrieved 8132: 8125: 8114:the original 8101: 8088: 8072: 8063:. Retrieved 8043: 8036: 8026: 7998: 7993: 7982:. Retrieved 7962: 7955: 7947:the original 7942: 7933: 7921:. Retrieved 7907: 7896:. Retrieved 7892:the original 7871: 7867: 7854: 7839: 7834: 7823:. Retrieved 7799: 7789: 7754: 7750: 7740: 7707: 7703: 7697: 7685:. Retrieved 7678:the original 7665: 7638: 7634: 7614:. Retrieved 7586: 7582: 7569: 7536: 7532: 7498: 7494: 7488: 7478: 7470:the original 7460: 7441: 7430:. Retrieved 7426:the original 7419: 7410: 7375: 7369: 7359: 7348:. Retrieved 7312: 7308: 7295: 7250: 7246: 7236: 7193: 7189: 7183: 7174: 7166: 7128:(1): 41–56. 7125: 7121: 7115: 7104:. Retrieved 7097:the original 7058: 7054: 7041: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6963: 6959: 6953: 6931: 6926: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6829:. Retrieved 6793: 6789: 6776: 6768: 6747:. Retrieved 6738: 6705: 6699: 6674: 6670: 6664: 6645: 6639: 6614: 6610: 6604: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6499: 6493: 6460: 6456: 6450: 6441: 6437: 6431: 6412: 6406: 6381: 6377: 6349: 6343: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6267: 6263: 6257: 6238: 6232: 6199: 6195: 6189: 6164: 6160: 6129:(1): 41–48. 6126: 6122: 6116: 6107: 6101: 6068: 6064: 6035: 6028: 5995: 5991: 5985: 5965: 5958: 5943: 5935: 5920: 5912: 5893: 5887: 5868: 5862: 5854: 5846: 5827: 5821: 5809: 5801:the original 5791: 5783: 5775: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5726: 5714: 5703:the original 5676:the original 5663: 5636: 5632: 5622: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5593: 5588:, p. xxiii). 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5561: 5557: 5552: 5511: 5507: 5495: 5484:. Retrieved 5443: 5439: 5426: 5415:. Retrieved 5379: 5375: 5358: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5278: 5274: 5205: 5201: 5167: 5161: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5119: 5115: 5110: 5073: 5069: 5053:. 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