Indigenous Australians

3760: 3746: 3732: 1386: 3718: 2134:

out. A conspiracy to commit genocide and an attempt at genocide are both crimes which are committed whether or not any actual destruction occurred." Further, Wilson found that "The debates at the time of the drafting of the Genocide Convention establish clearly that an act or policy is still genocidal when it is motivated by a number of objectives. To constitute an act of genocide the planned extermination of a group need not be solely motivated by animosity or hatred."...and that "reasonable foreseeability...is sufficient to establish the Convention's intent element." He concluded that "The policy of forcible removal of children from Indigenous Australians to other groups for the purpose of raising them separately from and ignorant of their culture and people could properly be labelled 'genocidal' in breach of binding international law from at least 11 December 1946...The practice continued for almost another quarter of a century."

671: 2943: 4002: 2853: 7014: 3915: 4015: 3939: 944: 849:. Estimates of the population of the Aboriginal people of Tasmania, before European arrival, are in the range of 3,000 to 15,000 people although genetic studies have suggested significantly higher figures, which are supported by Indigenous oral traditions that indicate a reduction in population from diseases introduced by British and American sealers before settlement. The original population was further reduced to around 300 between 1803 and 1833 due to disease, warfare and other actions of British settlers. Despite over 170 years of debate over who or what was responsible for this near-extinction, no consensus exists on its origins, process, or whether or not it was genocide. However, according to Benjamin Madley, using the "UN definition, sufficient evidence exists to designate the 3989: 968: 3976: 2051: 4028: 980: 3778: 4191: 992: 1004: 3952: 3927: 3964: 1260: 3677:") defined an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander as "a person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identifies as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and is accepted as such by the community in which he or she lives". The ruling was a three-part definition comprising descent, self-identification and community identification. The first part – descent – was genetic descent and unambiguous, but led to cases where a lack of records to prove ancestry excluded some. Self- and community identification were more problematic as they meant that an Indigenous person separated from his or her community due to a family dispute could no longer identify as Aboriginal. 1741: 932: 4417:

347,572 Indigenous people (out of the total 649,171 in Australia) declared an affiliation to some form of Christianity, with a higher proportion of Torres Strait Islander than Aboriginal people in this number. 7,773 reported traditional beliefs; 1,511 Islam; other religions numbered less than 1,000 each. However the question is optional; 48,670 did not respond, and in addition, nearly 4,000 were reported as "inadequately described". (In the 2006 census, 73% of the Indigenous population reported an affiliation with a Christian denomination, 24% reported no religious affiliation and 1% reported affiliation with an Australian Aboriginal traditional religion.)

25745: 25715: 1143:(LM3) with that of ancient and modern Aboriginal peoples indicated that Mungo Man is not related to Australian Aboriginal peoples. However, these findings have been met with a general lack of acceptance in scientific communities. The sequence has been criticised as there has been no independent testing, and it has been suggested that the results may be due to posthumous modification and thermal degradation of the DNA. Although the contested results seem to indicate that Mungo Man may have been an extinct subspecies that diverged before the most recent common ancestor of contemporary humans, the administrative body for the 693: 25730: 25700: 1193: 956: 25685: 6114:; and many others. An AIHW survey covering eight years to 2019, published in December 2021, revealed that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people accounted for 28 per cent of all hospitalisations due to family violence, despite only making up 3.3% of the total population. Various reasons were suggested by experts, including Aboriginal men's control of decision-making, and limited independence for women owing to economic factors; barriers in access to services; racism by some police and other services; and lack of enough Aboriginal-run organisations providing culturally safe services. 5348: 5460: 1801: 1424: 735: 7572: 5790:

years. The ABS introduced a new method in 2009, but problems remained. A 2013 study, referring to the national Indigenous reform policy, Closing the Gap, looked at the difficulties in interpreting the extent of the gap because of differing methods of estimating life expectancy between 2007 and 2012. The 2019 report by the Close the Gap campaign reported that the gap in life expectancy was "widening rather than closing". Life expectancy for Aboriginals and Torres Strait islanders was 71.6 for men and 75.6 for women as of 2016-17.

4685: 6252:, Aboriginal Australians always had the legal right to vote in Australian Commonwealth elections if their State granted them that right. This meant that all Aboriginal peoples outside Queensland and Western Australia had a legal right to vote. The right of Indigenous ex-servicemen to vote was affirmed in 1949 and all Indigenous Australians gained the unqualified right to vote in Federal elections in 1962. Unlike other Australians, however, voting was not made compulsory for Indigenous people, and it was not until the repeal of 6404:, who was appointed to the Northern Territory ministry in 2002 (she became Deputy Chief Minister in 2008). Representation in the Northern Territory has been relatively high, reflecting the high proportion of Aboriginal voters. The 2012 Territory election saw large swings to the conservative CLP in remote Territory electorates, and a total of five Aboriginal CLP candidates won election to the Assembly, along with one Labor candidate, in a chamber of 25 members. Among those elected for the CLP were high-profile activists 4671: 2094: 4489: 15440: 453: 823: 4063:

50 to 100 people. Indigenous languages are divided into language groups with from ten to twenty-four language families identified. It is currently estimated that up to 145 Indigenous languages remain in use, of which fewer than 20 are considered to be strong in the sense that they are still spoken by all age groups. All but 13 Indigenous languages are considered to be endangered. Several extinct Indigenous languages are being reconstructed. For example, the last fluent speaker of the

2082: 6137:, announced the creation of a reparations fund for members of the Stolen Generations—Indigenous Australians who were forcibly removed from their homes as children. This policy of forced assimilation, which continued into the 1970s, has had lasting impacts on Indigenous communities. The reparations fund includes one-off payments of 75,000 Australian dollars to victims, as part of a broader initiative to address the serious disadvantages faced by Australia's Indigenous population. 4448: 879: 1302:

genetic flow from India to northern Australia estimated at slightly over four thousand years ago, a time when changes in tool technology and food processing appear in the Australian archaeological record, suggesting that these may be related. Mallick et al. 2016 and Mark Lipson et al. 2017 study found that the bifurcation of Eastern Eurasian and Western Eurasian dates back to least 45,000 years ago, with Australasians nested inside the Eastern Eurasian clade.

4825: 5995:

by government policy, such as discrimination and unfair treatment. Employed Indigenous Australians were more likely to experience discrimination than those who are unemployed, and it has been found that the second most common source of unfair treatment (after members of the public) is at work or applying for work. There was also a significant lack of consultation with Indigenous peoples on the methods they think best to tackle issues like unemployment.

6801: 7184:

Malaspinas et al. 2016), it is reasonable to describe Papuans as either an almost even mixture between East Asians and a lineage basal to West and East Asians occurred sometimes between 45 and 38 ka, or as a sister lineage of East Asians with or without a minor basal OoA or xOoA contribution. We here chose to parsimoniously describe Papuans as a simple sister group of Tianyuan, cautioning that this may be just one out of six equifinal possibilities."

7325:"A specific estimate of the life expectancy gap has not been established among stakeholders in Indigenous health. Agreement on the magnitude of the gap is arguably needed in order to evaluate strategies aimed at improving health outcomes for Indigenous Australians. Moreover, measuring progress towards 'closing the gap' depends on the availability of comparable estimates, using the same techniques of measurement to assess changes over time." ( 7000: 2221: 2126:. There has been broad range of historical research on the massacres and treatment of Aboriginal peoples, including by Lyndall Ryan at the Centre for 21st Century Humanities, the Frontier Conflict Database, and the Australian Commonwealth government's Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children From their Families. 4810: 4469: 6155: 4988: 2130:

foundations of the lives of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves." The objectives of which were "the disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, the destruction of personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups."

2919: 15507: 13638: 3880:, 812,000 people identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, representing 3.2% of the population. This was an increase from 2.8% in 2016 (i.e. about 25% increase), and 2.5% in 2011. However, the net undercount of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was 17.4%, and the estimated Indigenous population is around 952,000 to 1,000,000, or just under 4 per cent of the total population. 7230:, The general principle that came to be followed was that those who were identified as purely Aboriginal were left alone, because it was assumed that they would die out in a few generations, but part-Aboriginal people were "rescued" so that they could be brought up like white children. A few may have benefited from this, but for a majority of them separation from their families was distressing. 4132:", between two particular people, where eye contact is important and the speaker controls the interaction; and "contained" in a relatively short, defined time frame. However, traditional Aboriginal conversational interaction is "communal", broadcast to many people, eye contact is not important, the listener controls the interaction; and "continuous", spread over a longer, indefinite time frame. 1563:

million people was possible. More recent work suggests that Aboriginal populations exceeded 1.2 million 500 years ago, but may have fallen somewhat with the introduction of disease pathogens from Eurasia in the last 500 years. The population was split into 250 individual nations, many of which were in alliance with one another, and within each nation there existed separate, often related

6824: 2849:, which excluded "Aboriginal natives of Australia, Asia, Africa and Pacific Islands except New Zealand" from voting unless they were on the roll before 1901, South Australia insisted that all voters enfranchised within its borders would remain eligible to vote in the Commonwealth, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people continued to be added to their rolls, albeit haphazardly. 1101: 4082:, are found a number of non-Pama–Nyungan groups of languages which have not been shown to be related to the Pama–Nyungan family nor to each other. While it has sometimes proven difficult to work out familial relationships within the Pama–Nyungan language family, many Australian linguists feel there has been substantial success. Against this, some linguists, such as 343:

However, the Government has stated that as of 30 June 2021, there are 983,700 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, representing 3.8% of the total population of Australia, as the "final 2021 Census-based estimated resident population". Of these, 91.7% identified as Aboriginal; 4.0% identified as Torres Strait Islander; 4.3% identified with both groups.

7210:(Brisbane 2011), page 10-11 & 15. Column one is the distribution percentage calculated on the estimates gathered and publicised in 1930 (Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia XXIII, 1930, pp672, 687–696) by the social anthropologist Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown. The percentage in column two was calculated on the basis of N.G. Butlin: 1412:, moving according to the changing food availability found across different areas as seasons changed, the mode of life and material cultures varied greatly from region to region, and there were permanent settlements and agriculture in some areas. The greatest population density was to be found in the southern and eastern regions of the continent, the 1465:

over by Europeans would ruin this soil by trampling on it. To add on the complexity of Aboriginal farming techniques, farmers deliberately exchanged seeds to begin growing plants where they did not naturally occur. In fact there were so many examples of Aboriginal Australians managing farm land in a complex manner that Australian Anthropologist,

16604: 1792:, who had been instructed to "endeavour by every possible means to open an intercourse with the natives, and to conciliate their affections", and to enjoin his British subjects to "live in amity and kindness with them" so as "to cultivate an acquaintance with them without their having an idea of our great superiority over them". 4014: 3938: 369:, which have been dated to around 40,000 years ago, although Indigenous Australians have most likely been living in Australia for upwards of 65,000 years. Isolated for millennia by rising sea water after the last Ice Age, Australian Aboriginal peoples developed a variety of regional cultures and languages, invented distinct 3975: 4001: 3689:"...either genuine self-identification as Aboriginal alone or Aboriginal communal recognition as such by itself may suffice, according to the circumstances." This contributed to an increase of 31% in the number of people identifying as Indigenous Australians in the 1996 census when compared to the 1991 census. In 1998 2008: 3988: 2063:

to integrate Aboriginal persons who were "not of full blood" into the white community in an effort to eliminate the "Aboriginal problem". As part of this, there was an increase in the number of children forcibly removed from their homes and placed with white people, either in institutions or foster homes.

2106:

armed groups of Aboriginal men who were recruited at gunpoint and led by government officers to eliminate Aboriginal resistance. There is evidence that massacres of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, which began with arrival of British colonists, continued until the 1930s. Researchers at the

6531:

that would see recognition for Indigenous Australians, who delivered their report, which included five recommendations for changes to the Constitution as well as recommendations for the referendum process, in January 2012. The Government promised to hold a referendum on the constitutional recognition

5994:

had an employment probability of 85% (for males) and 74% (for females) for gaining employment, decreasing along with qualifications, so that those who have completed Year 9 and below have a 43% (male) and 32% (female) probability of gaining employment. Other factors, unlike education, are not covered

5957:

However, most of the Closing the Gap targets for education are not on track. In general, the gaps have improved (such as in NAPLAN results) or not devolved (school attendance rate remaining stable for several years) have not met targets. Remoteness seems to be a factor; students in isolated or remote

5789:

The life expectancy of Indigenous Australians is difficult to quantify accurately. Indigenous deaths are poorly identified, and the official figures for the size of the population at risk include large adjustment factors. Two estimates of Indigenous life expectancy in 2008 differed by as much as five

4363:

The involvement of Christians in Aboriginal affairs has evolved significantly since 1788. The Churches became involved in mission work among Aboriginal peoples in the 19th century as Europeans came to control much of the continent, and the majority of the population was eventually converted. Colonial

4062:

According to the 2005 National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS), at the time the Australian continent was colonised, there were around 250 different Indigenous languages, with the larger language groups each having up to 100 related dialects. Some of these languages were only ever spoken by perhaps

3593:

It has been variously estimated that before the arrival of British settlers, the population of Indigenous (probably Aboriginal only) Australians was approximately 318,000–1,000,000 with the distribution being similar to that of the current Australian population, the majority living in the south-east,

2824:

By 1900, the recorded Indigenous population of Australia had declined to approximately 93,000. However, this was only a partial count, as both Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders were poorly covered, with desert Aboriginal peoples not counted at all until the 1930s. During the first half of

2105:

As part of the colonisation process, there were many conflicts and clashes between colonists and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people across the continent and islands. In Queensland, the killing of Aboriginal peoples was largely perpetrated by civilian "hunting" parties and the Native Police,

2062:

From 1810, Aboriginal peoples were moved onto mission stations, run by churches and the state. After this period of protectionist policies that aimed to segregate and control Aboriginal populations, in 1937 the Commonwealth government agreed to move towards assimilation policies. These policies aimed

1157:

Recent work with mitochondrial DNA suggests a founder population of between 1,000 and 3,000 women to produce the genetic diversity observed, which suggests that "initial colonisation of the continent would have required deliberate organised sea travel, involving hundreds of people". Aboriginal people

7315:

Ronald M. Berndt has published traditional Aboriginal song-poetry in his book "Three Faces of Love", Nelson 1976. R.M.W. Dixon and M. Duwell have published two books dealing with sacred and everyday poetry: "The Honey Ant Men's Love Song" and "Little Eva at Moonlight Creek", University of Queensland

6140:

In addition, there's an emerging solidarity between Black and Indigenous communities for finding land justice and reparations. Initiatives like the Indigenous-led Land Back movement and various Black community organizations are working towards reclaiming land and advocating for financial restitution

6009:

Indigenous Australians are over-represented in Australia's criminal justice system. As of September 2019, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners represented 28% of the total adult prisoner population, while accounting for 3.3% of the general population. In May 2018, Indigenous women made up

5989:

A 2016 ABS report on labour force characteristics show low employment rates. An analysis of the figures suggested significant barriers to Indigenous people gaining employment, possibly including job location, employer discrimination, and lack of education and others. A big factor is education. Those

4284:

Torres Strait Islander people have their own traditional belief systems. Stories of the Tagai represent Torres Strait Islanders as sea people, with a connection to the stars, as well as a system of order in which everything has its place in the world. Some Torres Strait Islander people share beliefs

3914: 3654:

he tried to enlist but was rejected because he was an Aborigine so he moved to another state where he enlisted as a non-Aborigine. After the end of the war he applied for a passport but was rejected as he was an Aborigine, he obtained an exemption under the Aborigines Protection Act but was now told

730:

or belonging to a particular place or "country". A community may draw on separate cultural values and individuals can conceivably belong to a number of communities within Australia; identification within them may be adopted or rejected. An individual community may identify itself by many names, each

21374:

analysis confirmed this branching pattern, with the Leang Panninge individual branching off from the Near Oceanian clade after the Denisovan gene flow, although with the most supported topology indicating around 50% of a basal East Asian component contributing to the Leang Panninge genome (Fig. 3c,

7259:

report, the Victorian government stated that "despite the apparent recognition in government reports that the interests of Indigenous children were best served by keeping them in their own communities, the number of Aboriginal children forcibly removed continued to increase, rising from 220 in 1973

6093:

The rate of family violence in Indigenous Australian communities, especially in the Northern Territory, has been high for many years, and under-reported. It has been estimated to be around 34 times greater than the national rate, and, in the worst areas, up to 80 times. There is no single cause for

4416:

affiliation, while less than 2% reported traditional beliefs as their religion, and 36% reported no religion. The proportion of Indigenous people who reported no religion has increased gradually since 2001, standing at 36% in 2016. According to "Table 8: Religious Affiliation by Indigenous Status",

3644:

of their respective parliaments in order that they would have "a reasonable chance of absorption into the white community to which they rightly belong". Grey areas in determination of ethnicity led to people of mixed ancestry being caught in the middle of divisive policies which often led to absurd

2118:

Estimating the total number of deaths during the frontier wars is difficult due to lack of records and the fact that many massacres of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander were kept secret. It is often quoted that 20,000 Aboriginal Australians and 2000 colonists died in the frontier wars; however,

1963:

Another consequence of British colonisation was European seizure of land and water resources, with the decimation of kangaroo and other food sources which continued throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries as rural lands were converted for sheep and cattle grazing. Settlers also participated in

1780:

in Queensland, where his ship was nearly wrecked on the Great Barrier Reef. Here relations were generally amicable and Cook recorded words from their language including "kangaroo", though a fight broke out when the British took turtles from the river without sharing them. Peace was restored when an

477:

There are a number of appropriate terms to use when referring to Aboriginal peoples of Australia, but there is general agreement that it is important to respect the "preferences of individuals, families, or communities, and allow them to define what they are most comfortable with" when referring to

6014:

reported that about half (a total of 2,339) of the young people aged 10–17 under supervision in 2016–17 were Indigenous, although of that age group, Indigenous youth represent 5% of the general population. It concludes from the data that there is a clear issue occurring not only within Australia's

4399:

on 1 July 1871, establishing its first base in the region there. The Islanders refer to this as "The Coming of the Light", or "Coming of Light" and all Island communities celebrate the occasion annually on 1 July. However the coming of Christianity did not spell the end of the people's traditional

2133:

Wilson states that "Genocide can be committed by means other than actual physical extermination. It is committed by the forcible transfer of children, provided the other elements of the crime are established." He points out that "Genocide is committed even when the destruction has not been carried

1772:

Nevertheless, Cook also noted in his journal two men at Botany Bay who "seem'd resolved to oppose" his first landing. According to Cook, after one of the men threw a rock, Cook fired a musquet loaded with small shott, which struck him with little effect. Some shott was lodged into one of the men's

1301:

peoples of Asia, (not found amongst populations in mainland Asia) suggesting that modern and archaic humans interbred in Asia approximately 44,000 years ago, before Australia separated from New Guinea and the migration to Australia. A 2012 paper reports that there is also evidence of a substantial

396:

Although there are a number of cultural commonalities among Indigenous Australians, there is also a great diversity among different communities. The 2022 Australian census recorded 167 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages used at home by some 76,978 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

5367:

Though lost to history, many traditional forms of recreation were played and while these varied from tribe to tribe, there were often similarities. Ball games were quite popular and played by tribes across Australia, as were games based on use of weapons. There is extensive documented evidence of

4230:

and religious values are based upon reverence for the land and a belief in this Dreamtime. The Dreaming is at once both the ancient time of creation and the present-day reality of Dreaming. Different language and cultural groups each had their own belief structures; these cultures overlapped to a

3649:

In 1935, an Australian of part Indigenous descent left his home on a reserve to visit a nearby hotel where he was ejected for being Aboriginal. He returned home but was refused entry to the reserve because he was not Aboriginal. He attempted to remove his children from the reserve but was told he

2129:

According to the analysis of Justice Ronald Wilson in the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Report Australia's policy of forcible removal was genocidal in nature. Quoting Raphael Lemkin, Wilson defined genocide as "a coordinated plan of different actions aimed at the destruction of the essential

2114:

have been mapping the massacres. as of 2020 they have mapped almost 500 places where massacres happened, with 12,361 Aboriginal people killed and 204 Colonists killed, numbering at least 311 massacres over a period of about 140 years. After losing a significant number of their social unit in one

1768:

they may appear to some to be the most wretched people upon Earth, but in reality they are far more happier than we Europeans; being wholy unacquainted not only with the superfluous but the necessary conveniencies so much sought after in Europe, they are happy in not knowing the use of them. They

1464:

were harvested by leaving the bottom part of the yam still stuck in the ground so that it would grow again in the same spot. Similar to many other farmers in the world, Aboriginal peoples used slash and burn techniques to enrich the nutrients of their soil. However, sheep and cattle later brought

16615: 3897:

In the 2016, over 33% of the Indigenous population lived in major cities, compared with about 75% of the non-Indigenous population, with a further 24% in "inner regional" areas (compared with 18%), 20% in "outer regional" (8%), while nearly 18% lived in "remote" or "very remote" areas (2%). (Ten

2975:

As mentioned above, Indigenous Australians received lower wages than their non-Indigenous counterparts in employment. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Queensland in particular had their income quarantined by the Protector and were allowed a minimal amount of their income. In 1966,

1562:

At the time of first European contact, it is generally estimated that the pre-1788 population was 314,000, while recent archaeological finds suggest that a population of 500,000 to 750,000 could have been sustained, with some ecologists estimating that a population of up to a million or even two

721:

The broad term Aboriginal Australians includes many regional groups that may be identified under names based on local language, locality, or what they are called by neighbouring groups. Some communities, cultures or groups may be inclusive of others and alter or overlap; significant changes have

7275:

Indigenous people across Australia and other colonist societies – Canada, New Zealand and South Africa – did not gain equal access to their repatriation benefits and military wages. In contrast to other Australian states, Aboriginal authorities in Victoria did not systematically deny Aboriginal

7183:

Genetics and material culture support repeated expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a population hub out of Africa, Vallini et al. 2022 (4 April 2022) Quote: "Taken together with a lower bound of the final settlement of Sahul at 37 ka (the date of the deepest population splits estimated by

3883:

Growth to 2016 was mainly in major cities and along the eastern coast of Australia. In 2018 the ABS published a report exploring the reasons for these findings, with some of the factors behind the increase being higher fertility rates of Indigenous women; people entering the population through

342:

as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin in the 2021 Australian Census, representing 3.2% of the total population of Australia. Of these Indigenous Australians, 91.4% identified as Aboriginal; 4.2% identified as Torres Strait Islander; while 4.4% identified with both groups.

4103:

Nearly three quarters of Australian place names have origins in Aboriginal languages. However, the method of recording names used by early colonial surveyors was often unreliable. When a surveyor was seeking the name of a river, the Aboriginal responder might have given the word for "sand" or

3963: 3951: 3443:

in Central Australia. The statement calls for a "First Nations Voice" in the Australian Constitution and a "Makarrata Commission" to supervise a process of "agreement-making" and "truth-telling" between government and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The statement references the

1570:

There is some evidence to suggest that the section of the Australian continent now occupied by Queensland was the single most densely populated area of pre-contact Australia. There are also signs that the population density of Aboriginal Australia was comparatively higher in the north-eastern

4789:

is their "literature" – "the most important aspect of Torres Strait lifestyle. The Torres Strait Islanders preserve and present their oral history through songs and dances;... the dances act as illustrative material and, of course, the dancer himself is the storyteller" (Ephraim Bani, 1979).

4572:

sites in Europe), and Aboriginal art is believed to be the oldest continuing tradition of art in the world. There are three major regional styles: the geometric style found in Central Australia, Tasmania, the Kimberley and Victoria, known for its concentric circles, arcs and dots; the simple

508:

While the term "Indigenous Australians" has grown in popularity since the 1980s, many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples dislike it, feeling that it is too generic and removes their identity. However, many people think that the term is useful and convenient, and can be used where

3803:

providing a legal advice that a person was an 'aboriginal native' if they were a 'full-blood aboriginal'. As a consequence of section 127, Indigenous Australians in remote areas uninhabited by non-Indigenous Australians were not counted prior to 1967 in censuses and sometimes estimated.

500:

as early as 1789. It became capitalised and was employed as the common name to refer to both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, although today the latter are not included in the term. The term "Aborigine" (as opposed to "Aboriginal") is often disfavoured, being regarded as having

4027: 4221:

In Aboriginal communities knowledge and decision making is shared between tribal elders. Travellers had to seek elder recognition and acknowledge local Elders – this is increasingly practiced in public events in Australia. Within Aboriginal belief systems, a formative epoch known as

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in Newcastle, Murdering Creek at Lake Weyba, Skull Pocket and Skeleton Creek near Cairns, Rifle Creek near Mt Molloy Qld, Skull Lagoon near Mt Carbine Qld, Skull Hole near Winton Qld, Battle Camp Road, Range and Station east of Laura Qld, Slaughterhouse Creek (Waterloo Creek) NSW.

5671:, over 33% of the Indigenous population lived in major cities, compared with about 75% of the non-Indigenous population, with a further 24% in "inner regional" areas (compared with 18%), 20% in "outer regional" (8%), while nearly 18% lived in "remote" or "very remote" areas (2%). 6828: 408:

The Indigenous population prior to European settlement was small, with estimates ranging widely from 318,000 to over 3,000,000 in total, with the distribution being similar to that of the current Australian population, the majority living in the south-east, centred along the

907:

comprise over 100 islands which were annexed by Queensland in 1879. Many Indigenous organisations incorporate the phrase "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander" to highlight the distinctiveness and importance of Torres Strait Islanders in Australia's Indigenous population.

5982:, the Indigenous employment rate had decreased from 48% to 46.6% between 2006 and 2016, while the non-Indigenous employment rate remained steady at around 72% (a 25.4% gap). The employment rate for Indigenous women, however, increased from 39% to 44.8% in the same period. 3373:

In 2010, United Nations Special Rapporteur James Anaya found the Emergency Response to be racially discriminatory, and said that aspects of it represented a limitation on "individual autonomy". These findings were criticised by the government's Indigenous Affairs Minister

6470:(ICC) that administer Shared Responsibility Agreements and Regional Partnership Agreements with Aboriginal communities at a local level. ICCs operate as whole-of-government centres, housing staff from a number of departments to deliver services to Indigenous Australians. 6825: 2392: 4368:, strongly advocated for Aboriginal rights and dignity. Around the year 2000, many churches and church organisations officially apologised for past failures to adequately respect Indigenous cultures and address the injustices of the dispossession of Indigenous people. 2845:, all Indigenous Australians were nominally entitled to vote, generally only those who merged into mainstream society did so. Only Western Australia and Queensland specifically excluded Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people from the electoral rolls. Despite the 2837:

for extremely low wages. The Indigenous population continued to decline, reaching a low of 74,000 in 1933 before numbers began to recover. By 1995, population numbers had reached pre-colonisation levels, and in 2010 there were around 563,000 Indigenous Australians.

7139:

The use of the term Indigenous or Indigenous Australian is discouraged by many for being too generic and/or dehumanising. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders generally prefer more specific terms for their unique cultural origins or "Aboriginal and Torres Strait

1447:

There is some evidence that, before outside contact, some groups of Aboriginal Australians had a complex subsistence system with elements of agriculture, that was only recorded by the first European explorers. One early settler took notes on the life styles of the

4099:

It has been suggested that, given their long presence in Australia, Aboriginal languages form one specific sub-grouping. The position of Tasmanian languages is unknown, and it is also unknown whether they comprised one or more than one specific language family.

3926: 1476:

noted large stone fish traps on the Darling River at Brewarrina. Each trap covers a pool, herding fish through a small entrance that would later be shut. Traps were created at different heights to accommodate different water levels during floods and droughts.

3894:) to non-Aboriginal spouses increased to 78.2% in the 2016 census, (up from 74% in 2011, 64% in 1996, 51% in 1991 and 46% in 1986); it was reported in 2002 that up to 88% of the offspring of mixed marriages subsequently self-identify as Indigenous Australians. 1385: 896:. Accordingly, they are not generally included under the designation "Aboriginal Australians". This has been another factor in the promotion of the more inclusive term "Indigenous Australians". Six percent of Indigenous Australians identify themselves fully as 631:

was defined in a museum guide as: "a term used by some Aboriginal people to reclaim historical, representational, symbolical, stereotypical and romanticised notions of Black or Blackness. Often used as ammunition or inspiration." Deacon said that removing the

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that Aboriginal descent is "technical" rather than "real" – thereby eliminating a genetic requirement. This decision established that anyone can classify him or herself legally as an Aboriginal, provided he or she is accepted as such by his or her community.

2959:

The 1960s was a pivotal decade in the assertion of Aboriginal rights and a time of growing collaboration between Aboriginal activists and white Australian activists. In 1962, Commonwealth legislation specifically gave Aboriginal people the right to vote in

5945:

Closing the Gap has focused on improving education for Indigenous people, with some success. Attainment of Year 12 or equivalent for ages 20–24 has increased from 47.4% in 2006 to 65.3% in 2016. This has led to more Indigenous people undertaking higher or

6193:

Since the 20th century there have been a number of individuals and organisations who have instigated significant events in the struggle for political representation, land rights and other political issues affecting the lives of Indigenous Australians:

1267:

Rasmussen et al 2011 shows that Aboriginal Australian have a lower proportion of European alleles compared to Asians, which they believe is indicative of a multiple dispersal model. Genetically, while Aboriginal Australians are most closely related to

3413:

In 2010, the federal government appointed a panel comprising Indigenous leaders, other legal experts and some members of parliament (including Ken Wyatt) to provide advice on how best to recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the

15144: 6738:

declared independence from Australia, claiming territory straddling the border between the states of New South Wales and Queensland. Australia's Attorney General's Department indicated it did not consider the declaration to have any meaning in law.

5861:. Tobacco use has been estimated to be the "greatest contributor (23%) to the gap in the disease burden between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians", with Indigenous people 2.5 times more likely to smoke daily than non-Indigenous Australians. 3680:

As a result, there arose court cases throughout the 1990s where excluded people demanded that their Aboriginality be recognised. As a result, lower courts refined the High Court test when subsequently applying it. In 1995, Justice Drummond in the

4074:. The rest are sometimes lumped under the term "non-Pama–Nyungan". The Pama–Nyungan languages form the majority, covering most of Australia, and are generally thought to be a family of related languages. In the north, stretching from the Western 2004:), as well as racist policies, like Brisbane's Boundary Streets, which used to indicate boundaries where Aboriginal people were not allowed to cross during certain times of the day. There is ongoing discussion about changing many of these names. 549:

and often used pejoratively, the term is used today to indicate Aboriginal heritage or culture in general and refers to any people of such heritage regardless of their level of skin pigmentation. In the 1970s, many Aboriginal activists, such as

6827: 2047:, many of whom were there on trumped up charges, were chained up and forced to work. In 1971, 373 Aboriginal men were found buried in unmarked graves on the island. Up until June 2018, the former prison was being used as holiday accommodation. 4104:"water". Unless living speakers of the original languages remained when systematic research of Indigenous languages began in the 1930s, the meaning of many place names was therefore lost, or is now open to several interpretations. The word " 7218:(2 revised edition, Redfern NSW 1988, page 41). Column three however, is calculated on the basis of the "Aboriginal Australia" map, published by Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), Canberra 1994. 6094:

this high rate, but several probable causes or aggravating factors have been suggested by various researchers and stakeholders, including: dispossession of land and subsequent displacement of communities; childhood abuse experienced by the

18088:"Some individuals are close to the Oceanic cluster, composed of MEL and PAP individuals but most occupy a wide range on PC2 between Europeans and East Asians, generally falling in an area occupied by Central and South Asian populations." 6524: 2433: 979: 1940:. In the 19th century, smallpox was the principal cause of Aboriginal deaths, and vaccinations of the "native inhabitants" had begun in earnest by the 1840s. This smallpox epidemic in 1789 is estimated to have killed up to 90% of the 6599:, with Ken Wyatt as the inaugural officebearer. On 30 October 2019, Wyatt announced the commencement of a "co-design process" aimed at providing an Indigenous voice to Parliament. The Senior Advisory Group is co-chaired by Professor 5915:

There is a significant gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in educational attainment. This presents significant issues for employment. As of 2018, Indigenous students or adults, when compared with non-Indigenous peers:

3807:

Post 1967, Torres Strait Islanders were considered a separate Indigenous people. Prior to 1947, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be Aboriginal in censuses. In the 1947 census, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be

2909:

against the threat of Japanese invasion. However, most were denied pension rights and military allotments, except in Victoria, where each case was judged individually, without a blanket denial of rights accruing from their service.

2038:. Between 1860 and 1970, under the guise of protectionist policies, people, including children as young as 12, were forced to work on properties where they worked under horrific conditions and most did not receive any wages. In the 6141:

for civil and human rights violations. These movements utilize cooperative structures to advance land justice, emphasizing the importance of communal wealth and regenerative systems that are not extractive of people or the planet.

3254:

was established by the federal government to facilitate reconciliation. In 1998, a Constitutional Convention which selected a Republican model for a referendum included just six Indigenous participants, leading Monarchist delegate

2137:

There are few memorials in Australia acknowledging the widespread massacres of Aboriginal Peoples, and no memorials describing it as genocide. However, the massacres were often recorded by Australians as place names, for example:

19431: 16431:. Dhakiyarr is named "Tuckiar" in the proceedings and is referred to in the main judgment as "a completely uncivilised aboriginal native". The decision was unanimous and strongly criticised the conduct of the trial. Division 4AA. 12634: 3981:

Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) by State Suburbs (SSC), according to the 2016 census (uninhabited mesh blocks (MB)

991: 5035:

Australian cinema has a long history, and the ceremonies of Indigenous Australians were among the first subjects to be filmed in Australia – notably a film of Aboriginal dancers in Central Australia, shot by the anthropologist

3884:

migration; variation in census coverage and response rates; and people changing how they self-identify between census years. Another factor might be the children of mixed marriages: the proportion of Aboriginal adults married (

1960:, not smallpox, carried by members of the First Fleet, and to which the Aboriginal people also had no immunity. Moreover, Aboriginal people were infected with sexually transmitted infections, especially syphilis and gonorrhea. 1003: 647:" was "taking on the 'colonisers' language and flipping it on its head". Contemporary Aboriginal arts are sometimes referred to as a "Blak" arts movement, reflected in names such as BlakDance, BlakLash Collective, the title of 20704: 13694: 20406: 17322: 943: 5985:

The Racial Discrimination Act was introduced in 1975, and the Anti-Discrimination Act, in 1977. Legal action alone cannot prevent all forms of racism, however, these Acts were put into law to place checks on the system.

1993:, and later placed on display. Campaigns continue to have Aboriginal body parts returned to Australia for burial; Truganini's body was returned in 1976 and cremated, and her ashes were scattered according to her wishes. 4704:

of people through the millennia of the individual and collective histories of Australian Indigenous peoples to the present day. Around 1950, the first research into Aboriginal music was undertaken by the anthropologist

3944:

The prevalent 1st response about ancestry of the Queensland people self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) in Statistical Areas 1 (SA1) with more than 5% of Indigenous

2042:

industry, Aboriginal peoples were bought for about 5 pounds, with pregnant Aboriginal women "prized because their lungs were believed to have greater air capacity". Aboriginal prisoners in the Aboriginal-only prison on

967: 5619:

has had a huge impact on the psyche, health and well-being of Indigenous Australians; it has seriously impacted not only the children removed and their parents, but their descendants as well. Not only were many of the

4020:

The prevalent religious affiliation of the people self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) in Statistical Areas 1 (SA1) with more than 5% of self-identified Indigenous

417:

of British settlers arrived on instructions to "live in amity and kindness" with the Aboriginal population. Nevertheless, a population collapse principally from disease followed European colonisation, beginning with a

6442:

featured the largest number of Indigenous candidates in Australian history, with four running for the Coalition, eleven for Labor, and seventeen for the Greens. The Greens Victorian senate ticket were all Aboriginal.

19549: 5643:

There are many issues facing Indigenous people in Australia today when compared with the non-Indigenous population, despite some improvements. Several of these are interrelated, and include health (including shorter

1880:

Australia was the exception to British imperial colonisation practices, in that no treaty was drawn up setting out terms of agreement between the settlers and native proprietors, as was the case in North America and

23772: 20402:. Dhakiyarr is named "Tuckiar" in the proceedings and is referred to in the main judgment as "a completely uncivilised aboriginal native". The decision was unanimous and strongly criticised the conduct of the trial. 14095:

Bowler, James M; Johnston, H; Olley, J M; Prescott, John R; Roberts, Richard G; Shawcross, Wilfred; Spooner, Nigel A (20 February 2003). "New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia".

2881:

by an Aboriginal Australian, and it succeeded. Dhakiyarr was found to have been wrongly convicted of the murder of a white policeman, for which he had been sentenced to death; the case focused national attention on

18148: 14821: 2175:

sent two bark petitions to the Australian government to protest the granting of mining rights on their lands. The Yirrkala Bark petitions were traditional Aboriginal documents to be recognised under Commonwealth

6757:

in New Zealand, no treaty has ever been concluded between Indigenous Australians and an Australian government. However, although there is still no move toward a treaty at federal level, it is contended that the

1456:

tubers, a native yam that is now almost extinct. However, the area that they were harvesting from was already cleared of other plants, making it easier to harvest Murnong (also known as yam daisy) exclusively.

1296:

about 32,000 years ago, with a rapid population expansion about 5,000 years ago. A 2011 genetic study found evidence that the Aboriginal, Papuan and Mamanwa peoples carry some of the alleles associated with the

20056: 18194: 5001: 21167: 6026:

and disconnection from land, the effects of their health and housing situations, their ability to access an economic base such as land and employment, their education, and the use of alcohol and other drugs.

5812:

remain major concerns, with the suicide rate being double that of the non-Indigenous population in 2015, and young people experiencing rising rates of mental health difficulties. There are high incidences of

2159:

celebrations by gathering for an "Aborigines Conference" in Sydney and marking the day as the "Day of Protest and Mourning"; the day is now often referred to as "Survival Day" or "Invasion Day" by Indigenous

2027:, whose role was to control the lives of Indigenous Australians. Wages were controlled by the Protectors, and Indigenous Australians received less income than their non-Indigenous counterparts in employment. 14417: 1885:. Many of the men on the First Fleet had had military experience among Native American tribes in North America, and tended to attribute to the Aboriginal people alien and misleading systems or concepts like 3969:

Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) by Local Government Areas (LGA), according to the 2016 census

12905: 6492:, revisited the idea of bringing a referendum to seek recognition of Indigenous Australians in the Constitution (his government having previously sought to include recognition of Indigenous peoples in the 5962:

reported that of the seven targets, only two – early childhood education and Year 12 attainment – had been met. Only Year 9 numeracy was on track in all states and territories, with variations among them.

3957:

Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census

566:, reflecting on contemporary Aboriginal culture. Use of this term varies depending on context and its use needs care as it may be deemed inappropriate. The term "Black" has sometimes caused confusion with 13058: 7577: 7575: 1244:. Phylogenetic data suggests that an early initial eastern non-African (ENA) or East-Eurasian meta-population trifurcated, and gave rise to Australasians (Oceanians), the Ancient Ancestral South Indians, 23923: 17638: 4007:

Geographical distribution of the population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Torres Strait Islanders only) and spoken at home on one of Indigenous Australian languages by Statistical Areas 1

3834:

includes counts based on questions relating to individuals' self-identification as Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, or of both origins. Owing to various difficulties which lead to under-counting, the

3365:

for essential goods purchasing; dispatched additional police and medical personnel to the region; and suspended the permit system for access to Aboriginal communities. In addition to these measures, the

3994:

The languages most often spoken at home by people self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) in Statistical Areas 1 (SA1) with more than 5% of Indigenous

23888: 12635:"3238.0.55.001 – Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2016: Technical Note 1 Estimated Resident Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population – Method of Calculation" 1372:

and New Guinea to mainland Australia about 70,000 years ago, as of 2020 evidence of human settlement in the Torres Strait has only been uncovered by archaeologists dating back to about 2500 years ago.

350:

or the person's specific cultural group, is often preferred, though the terms First Nations of Australia, First Peoples of Australia and First Australians are also increasingly common. Since 1995, the

6446:

As of 2023, Indigenous Australians members of the senate represent 10.5% of the 76 Senate seats, and 1.9% in the House. The total representation is at 4.8%, far above the national population of 3.3%.

1276:

people, McEvoy et al 2010 believed there is also another component that could indicate Ancient Ancestral South Indian admixture or more recent European influence. Research indicates a single founding

13466:"United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, James Anaya: Observations on the Northern Territory Emergency Response in Australia" 5727:

cross-system priorities, which "addresses racism, discrimination and social inclusion, healing and trauma, and the promotion of culture and language for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples"

2119:

recent research indicates at least 40,000 Aboriginal dead and 2,000 to 2,500 settlers dead. Other research indicates a minimum of 65,000 Aboriginal peoples may have been killed in Queensland alone.

888:

The Torres Strait Islander people possess a heritage and cultural history distinct from Aboriginal traditions. The eastern Torres Strait Islanders in particular are related to the Papuan peoples of

401:. It is now estimated that all but 13 remaining Indigenous languages are considered endangered. Aboriginal people today mostly speak English, with Aboriginal phrases and words being added to create 24555: 19395: 21056: 24934: 3759: 21314:

Carlhoff, Selina; Duli, Akin; Nägele, Kathrin; Nur, Muhammad; Skov, Laurits; Sumantri, Iwan; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Hakim, Budianto; Burhan, Basran; Syahdar, Fardi Ali; McGahan, David P. (2021).

14796: 16954: 3066:, which recognised Aboriginal Australians' system of land rights in the Northern Territory, and established the basis upon which Aboriginal people in the NT could claim rights to land based on 1781:

elder presented Cook with a broken-tipped spear as a peace offering – remembered as a first "act of reconciliation". The encounter is commemorated annually by the Guugu Yimithirr to this day.

25790: 4351:

were involved in the placement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children after they were removed from their parents upon orders of the government, and are therefore implicated in the

4067:

died in the late 1960s; using recordings and written records as a guide, a Ngarrindjeri dictionary was published in 2009, and the Ngarrindjeri language is today spoken in complete sentences.

3920:

Geographical distribution of the population self-identified as having both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Indigenous status by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census

6826: 4033:

Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Torres Strait Islanders only) by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census

2115:

blow, the survivors were left very vulnerable – with reduced ability to gather food, reproduce, or fulfill their ceremonial obligations, as well as defend themselves against further attack.

25050: 24207: 20683: 17951: 16718: 16476: 14800: 13390: 7058: 14887: 12877: 4525:. Evidence of Aboriginal art can be traced back at least 30,000 years, with examples of ancient rock art throughout the continent. Some of these are in national parks such as those of the 23928: 23787: 4226:" or "the Dreamtime" stretches back into the distant past when the creator ancestors known as the First Peoples travelled across the land, and naming as they went. Indigenous Australia's 19439: 16611: 5890:, reported that the number of people sniffing petrol in the 25 communities studied had declined by 95.2%, from 453 to just 22, related to the distribution of a new, low aromatic petrol, 19048: 6718:) is now Aboriginal-owned. In the last decade, nearly 200 native title claims covering 1.3 million km of land – approximately 18% of the Australian continent – have been approved. 5897:

The 2018 UQ study also reported that alcohol and cannabis were the drugs causing most concern. Ice was reported present in 8 of the 25 communities, but nearly all only occasional use.

13702: 12714: 7702: 5319: 20732: 6862:

During the twentieth century, as social attitudes shifted and interest in Indigenous culture increased, there were more opportunities for Indigenous Australians to gain recognition.

23938: 23883: 5636:– after being removed and while living in group homes or adoptive families, but were also deprived of their culture alongside their families. This has resulted in the disruption of 2469: 931: 3860:

showed growth in the Indigenous population (recorded as 517,000) at twice the rate of overall population growth since 1996, when the Indigenous population stood at 283,000. In the

3281:

The republican model, as well as a proposal for a new Constitutional preamble which would have included the "honouring" of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, was put to

3232:

During this period, the federal government enacted a number of significant, but controversial, policy initiatives in relation to Indigenous Australians. A representative body, the

2122:

There have been arguments over whether deaths of Aboriginal peoples, particularly in Tasmania, as well as the forcible removal of children from Aboriginal communities, constitutes

405:(which also has a tangible influence of Indigenous languages in the phonology and grammatical structure). Around three quarters of Australian place names are of Aboriginal origin. 365:

The time of arrival of the first human beings in Australia is a matter of debate and ongoing investigation. The earliest conclusively human remains found in Australia are those of

23898: 23878: 23633: 22326: 12987: 1337:– has only been found in living humans today amongst Aboriginal Australians. 27% of them may carry K2* and approximately 29% of Aboriginal Australian males belong to subclades of 15345: 2015:

Throughout most of the 19th and 20th centuries, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people had their lives under the jurisdiction of various state-based protection laws. These

24550: 23817: 20749: 16022: 3830:

As there is no formal procedure for any community to record acceptance, the primary method of determining Indigenous population is from self-identification on census forms. The

20679: 13738: 2894:

and Protest at an Aboriginal meeting in Sydney, and has since become marked around Australia as "Invasion Day" or "Survival Day" by Aboriginal protesters and their supporters.

1952:

and nearby islands may have introduced smallpox to Australia before the arrival of Europeans. A third suggestion is that the outbreak was caused by contact with members of the

24202: 23918: 23873: 20942:

Includes concise summary of referendum, plus detailed section on Legislative Background, starting with the 1891 National Australasian Convention. Tabs to other pages include:

20527: 16039: 3745: 21565:

Aboriginal suicide is different: Aboriginal youth suicide in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand: towards a model of explanation and alleviation

20143: 19113: 17145: 13383: 1500:

was well-developed, and fibre nets, baskets, and bags were used for fishing, hunting, and carrying liquids. Trade networks spanned the continent, and transportation included

24756: 23893: 19553: 14485:

Clarkson, Chris; Jacobs, Zenobia; Marwick, Ben; Fullagar, Richard; Wallis, Lynley; et al. (19 July 2017). "Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago".

6243: 3799:, which was repealed in 1967, had excluded "aboriginal natives" from being counted in the overall population statistics for each state and territory and nationally with the 2816:. The forcible removal of these children occurred in the period between approximately 1871 and 1969, although, in some places, children were still being taken in the 1970s. 21708: 17721: 16646: 15842:

Gregory J. Adcock; Elizabeth S. Dennis; Simon Easteal; Gavin A. Huttley; Lars S. Jermiin; W. James Peacock; Alan Thorne. "Lake Mungo 3: A response to recent critiques". In

12782: 4270:

areas of Central Australia) were highly respected men and women who not only acted as healers or doctors, but were generally also custodians of important Dreaming stories.

15806:]; G. A. Huttley; L. S. Jermiin; W. J. Peacock; A. Thorne. "Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: Implications for modern human origins. (Abstract)". In 15657: 13465: 7043: 12670: 24560: 21090: 18156: 16790: 12858: 12838: 1784:

Cook's favourable impression of the East Coast of Australia led directly to the commencement of the British colonisation of Australia, commencing at Sydney in 1788. The

1280:

group with subsequent isolation between regional populations which were relatively unaffected by later migrations from the Asian mainland, which may have introduced the

12738: 18829:

Olley, J. M.; Roberts, R. G.; Yoshida, H.; Bowler, J. M. (2006). "Single-grain optical dating of grave-infill associated with human burials at Lake Mungo, Australia".

3932:

Geographical distribution of the population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginals only) by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census

2318: 16313: 15045:

David, Bruno; McNiven, Ian; Mitchell, Rod; Orr, Meredith; Haberle, Simon; et al. (July 2004). "Badu 15 and the Papuan-Austronesian settlement of Torres Strait".

1173:

as far back as 60,000 years BP. Evidence of fires in South-West Victoria suggest "human presence in Australia 120,000 years ago", although more research is required.

25651: 25339: 21159: 20894:

ENGAGING – a Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property

20442: 19947: 19882:

Living on saltwater country: review of literature about Aboriginal rights, use, management and interests in northern Australian marine environments: background paper

12578: 1154:

It is generally believed that Aboriginal people are the descendants of a single migration into the continent, a people that split from the ancestors of East Asians.

16135: 6125:

commitments", in addition to other funding already committed to the states and NT under the National Partnership on Family, Domestic and Sexual Violence Responses.

3650:

could not because they were Aboriginal. He then walked to the next town where he was arrested for being an Aboriginal vagrant and sent to the reserve there. During

3393:, which is intended to address key issues that exist within Aboriginal communities of the Northern Territory such as unemployment, school attendance and enrolment, 2968:

students organised a bus tour of western and coastal New South Wales towns in 1965 to raise awareness of the state of Aboriginal health and living conditions. This

23782: 16333: 12885: 12694: 7261: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 6500:). His announcement was seen by some as a surprising adoption of the importance of the symbolic aspects of the reconciliation process, and reaction was mixed. The 3731: 955: 20044: 18509: 16734: 14374: 23933: 19968: 19360: 14564: 13873:"Radiocarbon analysis of the early archaeological site of Nauwalabila I, Arnhem Land, Australia: implications for sample suitability and stratigraphic integrity" 13062: 2343: 578:

is an Australian news and current affairs program covering "issues affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians". It is presented and produced by

19650: 4863:(1872–1967), known as the first Aboriginal author, is credited for providing the first accounts of Aboriginal mythology written by an Aboriginal person, in his 857:) who died in 1876, was, and still is, widely believed to be the last of the "full-blooded" Tasmanian Aboriginal people. However, in 1889 Parliament recognised 24728: 23827: 18432: 16966:

Kayser, M; Brauer, Silke; Weiss, Gunter; Schiefenhövel, Wulf; Underhill, Peter; Shen, Peidong; Oefner, Peter; Tommaseo-Ponzetta, Mila; Stoneking, Mark (2003).

15000: 14983: 2382: 2191:. The Tent Embassy was given heritage status in 1995, and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2012, making it the longest, unanswered protest camp in the world. 1128:, a rock shelter in northern Australia, indicates human activity at 65,000 years BP. Genetic studies appear to support an arrival date of 50–70,000 years ago. 12579:"2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2016: Changing Propensity to Identify" 7610: 6473:

Major political parties in Australia have tried to increase Indigenous representation within their parties. One suggestion for achieving this is to introduce

3717: 3370:

were released into communities and there were increased police powers, which were later further increased with the so-called "paperless arrests" legislation.

25022: 24977: 23802: 23792: 16550:

Hudjashov, G.; Kivisild, T.; Underhill, P. A.; Endicott, P.; Sanchez, J. J.; Lin, A. A.; Shen, P.; Oefner, P.; Renfrew, C.; Villems, R.; Forster, P. (2007).

7338:

On 1 July 2019 the Indigenous Affairs portfolio was moved through a Machinery of Government change to form the National Indigenous Australians Agency (NIAA).

5476: 3274:

report – estimated that around 10% to 33% of all Aboriginal children had been separated from their families for the duration of the policies. The succeeding

3297:

naming mistreatment of Indigenous Australians as the most "blemished chapter in our national history", although Howard refused to offer any formal apology.

25530: 23903: 22343: 15067: 15033: 14604: 13589: 5750:), and cultural disconnection can impact both physical and mental health, and contemporary disadvantage is related to colonisation and its ongoing impact. 3062: 2499: 2479: 19403: 3250:

Reconciliation between non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australians became a significant issue in Australian politics in the late 20th century. In 1991, the

24992: 19334:"Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel [Commentary and Recommendations only]" 16874: 16529: 15733:

Foley, Dennis (2007). "Leadership: the quandary of Aboriginal societies in crises, 1788 – 1830, and 1966". In Macfarlane, Ingereth; Hannah, Mark (eds.).

15020: 12798: 12466: 12454: 3418:. The panel's recommendations, reported to the federal government in January 2012, included deletion of provisions of the Constitution referencing race ( 2387: 2363: 17343: 17060: 15833:

D. J. Colgan. "Commentary on G.J. Adconck, et al., 2001 "Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: implications for modern human origins". In

14804: 6770:

in 2016 constitutes a treaty, and at the state and territory levels there are currently (early 2018) other negotiations and preparatory legislation. In

6415:

Forty people identifying as being of Indigenous Australian ancestry have been members of the ten Australian legislatures. Of these, 22 have been in the

25080: 20865: 20852: 13256: 6677: 6466:

disbanded ATSIC and replaced it and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Services (ATSIS) Regional and State Offices with an appointed network of

6038:. Indigenous women are highly over-represented in this figure, accounting for a higher proportion of assault victims than the non-Indigenous category. 3427: 2418: 2293: 21505: 17010: 13718: 12603:"2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2016: Summary of Key Findings" 4311:

situations, the churches both facilitated the loss of Indigenous culture and religion and also facilitated its maintenance. In some cases, such as at

1711:

The Torres Strait peoples' fishing economy relied on boats, which they built themselves. There is also evidence of the construction of large, complex

1252:, although Papuans may have also received some geneflow from an earlier group (xOOA) as well, around 2%, next to additional archaic admixture in the 718:

Aboriginal peoples of Australia are the various peoples indigenous to mainland Australia and associated islands, excluding the Torres Strait Islands.

25070: 18681: 18574: 18472:

Nagle, N; Ballantyne, KN; van Oven, M; Tyler-Smith, C; Xue, Y; et al. (2015). "Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes".

7063: 6547:. After six months of consultation, the First Nations National Constitutional Convention met over four days from 23 to 26 May 2017, and ratified the 18253: 15461: 13042: 3278:

largely ignored the recommendations provided by the report, one of which was a formal apology to Aboriginal Australians for the Stolen Generations.

25426: 25030: 24761: 24673: 21065: 6637: 6625: 6455: 3233: 1085: 19732: 17031: 16293: 2972:

also aimed to highlight the social discrimination faced by Aboriginal people and encourage Aboriginal people themselves to resist discrimination.

24924: 24746: 23522: 22224: 21423: 18809: 17585: 15270: 14958: 12967: 12550: 6673: 4182:, or Torres Strait Creole, the third language, is a non-typical Pacific English Creole and is the main language of communication on the islands. 3423: 3024: 2509: 2428: 1756:

in 1688 and 1699. Dampier was impressed neither by the country nor the people of the west Australian coast. Almost a century later, the explorer

21280: 20284: 20077: 19421: 19379: 17489: 16078: 4871:(1920–1995) was a famous Aboriginal poet, writer and rights activist, credited with publishing the first book of verse by an Aboriginal author, 4108:" was chosen for the national capital. It is popularly believed to mean "meeting place", but this is contested. According to the anthropologist 670: 25567: 24439: 17506: 16937: 16251: 14584: 7099: 6727:, the High Court of Australia recognised native title in Australia for the first time. The majority in the High Court rejected the doctrine of 6665: 6072: 3624:. From 1869 until well into the 1970s, children under 12 years of age with 25% or less Aboriginal blood were considered "white" and were often 3344: 3027:

of the Constitution, and for Aboriginal people to be included when the country does a count to determine electoral representation by repealing

2902: 2539: 2423: 18606: 18315: 16714: 16191: 6839:

After the arrival of European settlers in New South Wales, some Indigenous Australians became translators and go-betweens; the best-known was

5954:

report, Indigenous students in higher education award courses more than doubled in number over the decade from 2006 (9,329) to 2017 (19,237).

3361:

among Aboriginal communities in the NT. The government banned alcohol in prescribed communities in the Territory; quarantined a percentage of

1873:, although that settlement failed after a few years, along with a couple of later attempts; permanent settlement was only finally achieved at 303:

are people with familial heritage from, and/or recognised membership of, the various ethnic groups living within the territory of present day

25644: 25327: 25055: 22229: 19758: 19613: 19040: 18706: 18406: 15448:. The Australian Historical Association 33rd Annual Conference. Conflict in History. Fullarton, SA: sapro Conference Management. p. 28. 14280: 12650: 6985: 6657: 5114: 4298: 3397:, community safety and child protection, food security and housing and land reforms. The policy has been criticised by organisations such as 20661:

Bringing them home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families

20607: 19807: 18669: 17942: 15946: 15136: 13078: 12722: 2328: 25497: 24894: 24771: 22724: 22494: 20764: 20089: 17170: 12498: 6253: 6071:

said that the 2005–2006 ABS statistics did not appear to support the "allegations of endemic child abuse... that was the rationale for the

5718: 4897:

by Indigenous poets, including traditional song-poetry – ranging from sacred to everyday – has been published since the late 20th century.

4720:, which is widely thought to be a stereotypical instrument of Aboriginal people, was traditionally played by Aboriginal men of the eastern 4701: 4216: 3325: 3305: 3259:

to end his contribution to the convention with his Jagera tribal "Sorry Chant" in sadness at the low number of Indigenous representatives.

2524: 2504: 1764:. Cook was impressed both by the land and the people whom he encountered, writing in his journal: "From what I have said of the Natives of 266: 20819: 19313: 19283: 18763: 18173: 15325: 15240:

Dunbar-Hall, P.; Gibson, C. (2000). "Singing about nations within nations: Geopolitics and identity in Australian indigenous rock music".

12530: 3795:

Indigenous Australians have been counted in every census albeit only approximately and using inconsistent definitions. Section 127 of the

25453: 24013: 21061:

NOTE: Updates to 798,400 people, or 3.3% of the population, includes reasons for 19% increase in the population estimate on 30 June 2011.

19984:

Spooner, P. G.; Firman, M.; Yalmambirra (2013). "Origins of Travelling Stock Routes. 1. Connections to Indigenous traditional pathways".

17223: 16626: 16373: 13850: 12995: 6894:, have combined Indigenous musical styles and instruments with pop/rock, gaining appreciation amongst non-Indigenous audiences. Polymath 5026: 3419: 2942: 2777: 2076: 423: 18883: 18174:"First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–1999 (Research Paper 16 1999–2000)" 17549: 17073: 13526: 3175:

became the first Indigenous Australian to captain his country in any sport when he first led the Australian National Rugby League team,

2852: 25562: 25374: 25162: 25147: 24766: 24703: 21750: 20825: 19795: 19708: 19120: 18128: 17303: 16754: 15490: 14318: 14160: 14036: 10188: 7109: 6011: 5694:

since July 2019, aims to address multiple areas to improve the lives of Indigenous peoples. Draft targets for 2019 were created by the

5573: 3028: 2353: 1309:

in high frequencies with peak estimates ranging from 60.2% to 68.7%. In addition, the basal form K2* (K-M526) of the extremely ancient

1233: 21414:

Reyes-Centeno, Hugo; Ghirotto, Silvia; Détroit, Florent; Grimaud-Hervé, Dominique; Barbujani, Guido; Harvati, Katerina (20 May 2014).

20336: 19180: 17464: 17120: 15882: 13742: 12618: 11872: 7078: 6539:

In December 2015, the 16-member Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Referendum Council was jointly appointed by the Prime Minister,

6088: 1896:

British administrative control began in the Torres Strait Islands in 1862, with the appointment of John Jardine, police magistrate at

25719: 25065: 24972: 24708: 23673: 21997: 20687: 18586: 17183: 16862: 16414: 13619: 11847: 7472: 6906: 6239: 6022:

Explanations given for this over-representation include the economic position of Indigenous Australians, the knock-on effects of the

5967: 5753:

Successive censuses have shown, that (after adjusting for demographic structures) Indigenous Australians experience greater rates of

5022: 4771: 4150:, two indigenous languages and an English-based creole. The indigenous language spoken mainly in the western and central islands is 3656: 3445: 1151:

remains. Independent DNA testing is unlikely as the Indigenous custodians are not expected to allow further invasive investigations.

900:

Islanders. A further 4% of Indigenous Australians identify themselves as having both Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal heritage.

709: 20426: 19880: 16049: 15484: 14460:. Bringing them Home (Report). Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Report. Australian Human Rights Commission. April 1997. 12925: 12715:"4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, 2005: Crime and Justice: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Contact with the Law ABS" 7149:

Rhys Jones: 3,000–5,000, N. J. B. Plomley: 4,000–6,000, Henry Reynolds: 5,000–7,000, Colin Pardoe: 12,000+ and David Davies: 15,000.

4885:(1987) was considered a breakthrough memoir in terms of bringing Indigenous stories to a wider audience. The talents of playwrights 485:' has been in the English language since at least the 16th century to mean "first or earliest known, indigenous". It comes from the 430:

involving European settlers also contributed to depopulation. From the 19th to the mid-20th century, government policy removed many

25785: 25637: 25572: 25525: 25181: 24690: 24590: 23638: 20147: 19093: 17617: 17153: 16337: 13404: 11633: 6835:

footage and interviews of Australians celebrating Freeman's Olympics win – many noting how it brought the country together "as one"

6435:, the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was also the first Australian parliament to have an Indigenous member elected to it. 6432: 6428: 6350: 6257: 3012: 2333: 20958: 20422: 19073: 18274: 14466: 14144: 13337:

Aghakhanian, Farhang; Yunus, Yushima; Naidu, Rakesh; Jinam, Timothy; Manica, Andrea; Hoh, Boon Peng; Phipps, Maude E. (May 2015).

12567:"2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2006–2011" 6532:

of Indigenous Australians on or before the federal election due for 2013. The plan was abandoned in September 2012, with Minister

4124:

Cross-cultural miscommunication can sometimes occur between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. According to Michael Walsh and

1528:

in what is now South Australia, stone shelters in what is now western Victoria, and a multi-room pole and bark structure found in

1480:

Technology used by Indigenous Australian societies before European contact included weapons, tools, shelters, watercraft, and the

985:

Ancestry of population in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population (Torres Strait Islander or other)

25618: 25509: 25465: 25085: 24884: 24751: 24411: 23744: 23494: 18859: 18464: 17712: 16894: 16802: 16654: 13646: 12774: 6977:, today loom large in national debates. Some Indigenous people who initially became famous in other spheres – for instance, poet 6416: 6397: 2549: 2298: 21476: 20946: 20240: 18213:

McNiven, Ian (2004). "Saltwater People: spiritscapes, maritime rituals and the archaeology of Australian indigenous seascapes".

15710: 15664: 15527: 4521:

Australia has a tradition of Aboriginal art which is thousands of years old, the best known forms being Australian rock art and

25302: 24819: 23451: 23392: 22271: 22081: 21889: 21803: 21608: 21233: 21176: 20893: 17613: 17525:

Lockwood, Christine (2017). "4. Early encounters on the Adelaide Plains and Encounter Bay". In Brock, Peggy; Gara, Tom (eds.).

16670: 15403:

The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent's most linguistically complex region

14638: 12818: 12678: 6203: 5887: 5691: 4967: 2898: 2348: 21101: 21024: 16774: 16455: 16353: 15765: 13416: 12551:"2071.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016: Religion in Australia, 2016" 12434: 5074:

was a British film set in Australia; it was a forerunner to many Australian films related to indigenous themes and introduced

4752:

is a generic word to explain different genres of performance, embracing songs, dances, rallies and meetings of various kinds.

2151:

There has always been Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander resistance, from the arrival of colonists through to the present.

1989:, a Tasmanian Aboriginal who died in 1876, was exhumed within two years of her death despite her pleas to the contrary by the 24776: 24629: 24161: 24045: 22167: 22007: 21243: 20833: 20640: 20325: 20257: 20229: 20155:

Taufik, Leonard; Teixeira, João C.; Llamas, Bastien; Sudoyo, Herawati; Tobler, Raymond; Purnomo, Gludhug A. (December 2022).

20066: 20024: 20005: 19936: 19903: 19893: 19685: 19296: 19021: 17987: 17392: 16172: 16007: 15977: 15911: 15863: 15746: 15580: 15498: 15429: 15410: 15185: 15175: 15111: 14617: 14407: 14328: 14252: 14085: 13500: 12953: 5297:(2019), all made by Aboriginal film-makers and featuring Aboriginal themes, were well-received and in some cases won awards. 5080: 4391:

spread throughout the Torres Strait Islands, and it remains strong today among Torres Strait Islander people everywhere. The

4075: 3251: 2707: 2626: 2614: 2584: 2489: 776:); Goorie (variant pronunciation and spelling of Koori) in South East Queensland and some parts of northern New South Wales; 14699: 14340:"The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: fire and environment in a 120,000-year coastal midden — nature or people?" 13510: 8989: 6117:

As the federal government, upon being urged by experts to create the means to halt the violence in 2021, announced an extra

4412:

In the 2016 Census, Australia's Indigenous and non-Indigenous population were broadly similar with 54% (vs 55%) reporting a

2054:

The successive breeding out of "colour" in the Aboriginal population as part of assimilation policies, demonstrated here in

25317: 24997: 24666: 24287: 24136: 22283: 21823: 21818: 21813: 18047:

McEvoy, B. P.; Lind, J. M.; Wang, E. T.; Moyzis, R. K.; Visscher, P. M.; Van Holst Pellekaan, S. M.; Wilton, A. N. (2010).

17779:

Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Westaway, Michael C.; Muller, Craig; Sousa, Vitor C.; Lao, Oscar; et al. (21 September 2016).

16694: 16317: 15642: 13003: 7094: 6775: 6370: 4057: 3176: 2722: 2338: 1944:. The cause of the outbreak is disputed. Some scholars have attributed it to European settlers, but it is also argued that 1009:

Religious affiliations of Torres Strait islanders in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population

997:

Languages used at home by Torres Strait Islanders in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population

624: 545:

The term "Black" has been used to refer to Aboriginal Australians since European colonisation. While originally related to

308: 19196: 14975: 13434:

The journey of the Saltwater people of the Gold Coast as documented by photographer David Kelly and narrated by Ben Allmon

7193:

Neil Thomson argues that the likely aboriginal population of Australia in 1788 was around 750,000 or even over a million (

3128:

was appointed as the 28th Governor of South Australia, the first Aboriginal person appointed to vice-regal office. In the

25749: 25545: 22670: 22614: 22509: 22015: 21849: 21763: 21713: 21553: 21262: 20668: 20557: 20268: 19510: 19484: 19002: 18983: 18813: 18710: 18658: 18006: 17538: 17243: 17110: 17081: 16822: 16630: 15723: 15699: 15594: 15539: 15315: 14876: 14758: 14738: 14064: 13936: 13276:

Adcock, G. J.; Dennis, E. S.; Easteal, S.; Huttley, G. A.; Jermiin, L. S.; Peacock, W. J.; Thorne, A. (16 January 2001).

13200: 7053: 7038: 6832: 6697: 6588: 6497: 6358: 6323: 5585: 3282: 3184: 3157: 3141: 3008:, has established a number of schemes to give any earned income not received at the time back to Indigenous Australians. 2954: 2270: 2188: 2107: 21416:"Genomic and cranial phenotype data support multiple modern human dispersals from Africa and a southern route into Asia" 19455: 15590: 15286: 14646: 13758: 12698: 2897:

Hundreds of Indigenous Australians served in the Australian armed forces during World War Two – including with the

2874:

Despite efforts to bar their enlistment, over 1,000 Indigenous Australians fought for Australia in the First World War.

815:

Throughout the history of the continent, there have been many different Aboriginal groups, each with its own individual

25364: 25284: 25045: 24909: 23017: 22677: 21808: 21788: 21612: 21163: 20048: 19159: 18786: 18729: 18516: 16738: 16650: 15468: 14568: 14378: 14164: 7048: 6899: 6763: 6218: 6064: 4840:

There was no written form of the many languages spoken by Indigenous peoples before colonisation. A letter to Governor

3777: 2997: 1330: 1249: 20925: 16122: 13871:

Bird, M.I.; Turney, C.S.M.; Fifield, L.K.; Jones, R.; Ayliffe, L.K.; Palmer, A.; Cresswell, R.; Robertson, S. (2002).

4279: 4190: 2050: 1026:

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people also sometimes refer to themselves by descriptions which relate to their

25431: 25264: 25234: 24829: 23678: 23537: 22219: 22120: 22020: 21940: 21874: 21516: 19779: 6604: 5695: 5368:

traditional football games being played. Perhaps the most documented is a game popularly played by tribes in western

3633: 3049: 2931: 2805: 2599: 2323: 1912:

and some other islands in Torres Strait within 60 miles (97 km) of the Queensland coast, and in 1879 Queensland

1815: 1165:

Some evidence from the analysis of charcoal and artefacts revealing human use suggests a date as early as 65,000 BP.

1067: 722:

occurred in the generations after colonisation. The word "community" is often used to describe groups identifying by

713: 17: 18644: 18439: 17597: 15532:

Journeys into the rainforest: Archaeology of culture change and continuity on the Evelyn Tableland, North Queensland

13830: 5432:, and many Aboriginal people, from children in remote communities to professional players at the highest level, the 5176:

language group, with the main version featuring subtitles and English narration by David Gulpilil. The film won the

25601: 25535: 25224: 25114: 25060: 24864: 24809: 24595: 24454: 23412: 23012: 22985: 22717: 21947: 21884: 21869: 20308: 19074:

Longitudinal research into petrol sniffing and other substance abuse trends in Indigenous communities: final report

17363: 16212: 15148: 13441: 13398: 13224: 12674: 6701: 6669: 6485: 6439: 6311: 6004: 5724:

land and water, "where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' land, water and cultural rights are realised"

5653: 4799: 4312: 3868:, there was another 18.4% rise on the 2011 figure. 590,056 respondents identified themselves as Aboriginal, 32,345 3439:

was released 26 May 2017 by delegates to an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Referendum Convention, held near

3145: 3129: 2989: 2702: 2245: 1497: 21142: 20972: 20045:"A statistical overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia: Social Justice Report 2008" 19131: 13550:"Excluding Indigenous Australians from 'The People': A Reconsideration of Sections 25 and 127 of the Constitution" 13176: 6843:, who eventually adopted European dress and customs and travelled to England where he was reportedly presented to 5920:

Have a lower school attendance rate, with these rates at 82% and 93% respectively (in remote areas, as low as 63%)

2179:

On Australia Day in 1972, 34 years after the first "Day of Protest and Mourning", Indigenous activists set up the

1259: 845:

approximately 40,000 years ago via a land bridge between the island and the rest of mainland Australia during the

25383: 25292: 24944: 24794: 24738: 24659: 24312: 24121: 22932: 22388: 22187: 22177: 22113: 21854: 21828: 21583: 21564: 19626: 19495: 19163: 17326: 17203: 16851: 15630: 15549: 15369: 15349: 14718: 14421: 13623: 12909: 12842: 12822: 12802: 12778: 12742: 12718: 12654: 12586: 12570: 12566: 12534: 12482: 12470: 12458: 7429: 6795: 6467: 5566: 4786: 4542: 4053: 3836: 3171:

became the world number-one ranked tennis player in 1971 and won 14 Grand Slam titles during her career. In 1973

3086: 2938:

and artists became increasingly prominent in Australian cultural life during the second half of the 20th century.

2846: 2770: 1552: 816: 516: 398: 230: 21620: 20635:. Northern Territory Government. Board of Inquiry into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse. 20486: 18725: 18299: 14623: 13600: 13472: 6260:

that Indigenous Australians were counted in the population for the purposes of distribution of electoral seats.

5872:

has been a problem, but the rate of pregnant women drinking had halved between 2008 and 2015 (from 20% to 10%).

4966:

project provides a comprehensive listing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Writers and Storytellers. The

25744: 25714: 25704: 25611: 25595: 25540: 25012: 23850: 23807: 23688: 23074: 22733: 22474: 22373: 22093: 22071: 21977: 21783: 21743: 18874: 18017: 13240: 9001: 7712: 6578: 6549: 6235: 6168: 6111: 5737: 5581: 4141: 3848: 3824: 3800: 3607: 3435: 3117: 2742: 2667: 2662: 2609: 2464: 2184: 727: 540: 25349: 18369: 16878: 16493:"'Willing to fight to a man': The First World War and Aboriginal activism in the Western District of Victoria" 13653: 13134: 12839:"4714.0 – National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2014–15: Labour Force Characteristics" 5978:

Compared to the national average, Indigenous people experience high unemployment and poverty rates. As of the

5331: 4626:

Since the 1970s, Indigenous artists have employed the use of acrylic paints – with styles such as that of the

25734: 25322: 25040: 24957: 24904: 24854: 24786: 24605: 23963: 23706: 23648: 23628: 23600: 23557: 22624: 22541: 22417: 22266: 22259: 22130: 22076: 21879: 21859: 21217: 20587: 20310:

Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names

19432:"Research into petrol sniffing and other substance trends use trends in Indigenous communities: final report" 19396:"Report of the Expert Panel on recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution" 17729:

Madley, B. (2012). "From Terror to Genocide: Britain's Tasmanian Penal Colony and Australia's History Wars".

12478: 6934: 6743: 6707: 6331: 6042: 5674:

The Indigenous population of Australia is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, with an estimated

4721: 4665: 4661: 4634: 4500: 4457: 4426: 4396: 4376: 4256: 4049: 3020: 2732: 2727: 2712: 2687: 2313: 1905: 1334: 723: 402: 219: 22909: 21295: 21160:"Failure to close the gap in healthcare puts Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at increased risk" 20873: 19571:"Closing the gap: Competing estimates of Indigenous Australian life expectancy in the scientific literature" 19139: 18515:(Report). Publications Number: 11814. Australian Government. Department of Health. June 2017. Archived from 13260: 6338:

became the second Indigenous person, and the first woman, to serve in the federal House of Representatives.

3426:), and new provisions on meaningful recognition and further protection from discrimination. Subsequently, a 819:, culture, and belief structure. At the time of British settlement, there were over 200 distinct languages. 25689: 25100: 24565: 24545: 24517: 24474: 23958: 23567: 23120: 22609: 22403: 22140: 22103: 21982: 21972: 21844: 21522: 20611: 19383: 19314:"Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel" 18451: 18416: 17014: 16472: 13722: 13698: 13046: 12651:"3302.0.55.003 – Experimental Life Tables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2005–2007" 11634:"The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 and the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977: Aspects and Proposals for Change" 7033: 6474: 5875: 5488: 4267: 3655:

he could no longer visit his relatives as he was not an Aborigine. He was later told he could not join the

3362: 3005: 2697: 2692: 2682: 2677: 176: 19072:

d'Abbs, Peter; Gillick, Vicki; Hodson, Sally; Kavanagh, Maggie; Payne, Steve; Ray, Tristan (1 July 2019).

18689: 15518: 4372: 1967:

Some Europeans, for example escaped convicts, lived in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

25577: 25416: 25307: 25152: 25090: 25075: 24962: 24847: 24834: 24641: 24484: 24404: 23913: 23737: 23668: 23623: 23487: 23084: 23059: 22710: 22378: 22336: 22331: 22278: 22025: 21992: 21920: 21044: 19418:

Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel

18265: 17530: 13912: 13050: 13036: 6891: 6222: 6173: 5342: 5219:

Many Indigenous actors, directors, producers and others have been involved in the production of film and

5006: 4627: 3245: 3161: 2891: 2886:

issues. Dhakiyarr disappeared upon release. In 1938, the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the British

2737: 2672: 2519: 2024: 1866: 1862: 1740: 1567:, from as few as 5 or 6 to as many as 30 or 40. Each nation had its own language, and a few had several. 973:

Indigenous status of population in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population

657:, the Blak & Bright literary festival in Melbourne, Blak Dot Gallery, Blak Markets and Blak Cabaret. 465: 355: 23064: 21073: 19828: 19742: 18810:"Oldest known evidence of Aboriginal settlement in arid Australia found in Flinders Ranges rock shelter" 17586:"Cooktown's Indigenous people help commemorate 250 years since Captain Cook's landing with re-enactment" 15001:"Almost all living people outside of Africa trace back to a single migration more than 50,000 years ago" 12819:"4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006, Religion" 6782:

passed a bill to advance the process of establishing a treaty with Aboriginal Victorians. The Victorian

6620:, and comprises a total of 20 leaders and experts from across the country. The other members are Father 5640:, as parents were unable to communicate their knowledge to their children, and thus much has been lost. 3308:, on behalf of the federal government of Australia, for the suffering caused by the Stolen Generations. 1469:

was able to draw an Aboriginal grain belt, detailing the specific areas where crops were once produced.

25765: 25399: 25035: 24987: 24842: 24633: 24585: 24540: 24186: 23663: 23643: 23220: 22444: 22348: 22202: 22157: 22061: 21181: 20506: 19952: 19771: 18888: 18022: 16897:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 7 October 2015. Archived from 16109: 15691: 14220: 14202: 14190: 14184: 7073: 6783: 6374: 6319: 6051: 5433: 4954:

has written several non-fiction works on what it means to be Aboriginal in contemporary Australia, and

4755:

Indigenous musicians have been prominent in various contemporary styles of music, including creating a

4453: 4379:

brought to Australia in the late 19th and early 20th century to help explore and open up the interior.

4155: 4086:, suggest that the Pama–Nyungan group – and indeed the entire Australian linguistic area – is rather a 4071: 3819:

A "Commonwealth working definition" for Indigenous Australians was developed from 1968 and endorsed by

3682: 3353: 3137: 3109: 2763: 2751: 1982: 1874: 1473: 1182: 1131:

The earliest anatomically modern human remains found in Australia (and outside of Africa) are those of

1081: 780:

used in parts of Queensland and northern New South Wales where specific collective names are not used;

457: 351: 22945: 21012: 19948:"FactCheck Q&A: are Indigenous women 34–80 times more likely than average to experience violence?" 19520:

Rogers, Thomas James; Bain, Stephen (3 February 2016). "Genocide and frontier violence in Australia".

18336: 17413:"A working model of the deep relationships of diverse modern human genetic lineages outside of Africa" 16968:"Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea" 16217: 15929: 15709:

Fogarty, John; Dwyer, Jacinta (2012). "The First Aboriginal Land Rights Case". In Sykes, Helen (ed.).

14888:"Indigenous Australians make up almost 30% of hospitalisations due to domestic violence, report finds" 14226: 14214: 14208: 14196: 4307:

have had a significant impact on Indigenous Australians, their religion and their culture. As in many

25555: 25550: 25359: 25254: 24967: 24637: 24580: 24126: 24055: 23973: 23797: 23419: 23348: 22761: 22564: 22521: 22469: 22368: 22214: 22182: 22098: 22088: 22056: 21736: 20754: 20288: 19387: 19317: 18782: 17979: 17956: 17575: 17032:"Indigenous Australian population figures jumped in latest Census as pride increases and fears abate" 16272: 16089: 15102: 13855: 7083: 6723: 6693: 6393: 6353:– the first Indigenous Australian to become head of government in a state or territory of Australia. 6249: 5910: 5837:

Many Indigenous communities suffer from a range of health, social and legal problems associated with

5818: 5480: 5429: 5293: 5277: 5213: 5181: 5151: 4516: 4510: 4413: 4392: 3796: 3401:

and other groups, including on the basis that it maintains "racially-discriminatory" elements of the

3094: 3045: 2717: 2621: 2449: 1990: 1974:, who proved very adept at navigating their way through the Australian landscape and finding people. 1870: 1843: 1213: 949:

Geographical distribution of people with both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Indigenous status

915: 370: 254: 239: 23200: 21255:

Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History

20807: 20348: 19416: 18538:. Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities 17406:. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Division of International Law. p. 79. 17103:

Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History

16230: 16173:"Women's Safety Minister agrees to develop separate plan to halt violence in Indigenous communities" 14754: 14588: 14457: 13236: 12799:"4704.0 – the Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008" 7174:, p. 220 denies Truganini was the last "full-blood", and makes a case for Suke (d. circa 1888). 7158:

For discussion of the Truganini claim, and the other candidates, Suke and Fanny Cochrane Smith, see

5934:

at a lower rate, with improvement from 59% to 74% between 2006 and 2016, with the gap at 24% in 2016

5678:

of 21 years (37 years for non-Indigenous), due to higher rates of birth and death. For this reason,

2494: 1408:, hunting and foraging for food from the land. Although Aboriginal society was generally mobile, or 25729: 25699: 25470: 25389: 25095: 24075: 23547: 23444: 23363: 23273: 22940: 22479: 22464: 22311: 22147: 22108: 21935: 18535: 18356: 18319: 16195: 15442:"I cannot say the numbers that were killed": assessing violent mortality on the Queensland frontier 14784: 6950: 6596: 6099: 6049:

into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse, which produced a report known as the

5883: 5468: 5306: 3827:

and community recognition in contrast to the earlier preponderance of Aboriginal blood definition.

3286: 3156:

became the second Indigenous Australian, and the first Indigenous Australian woman, elected to the

2969: 2927: 2454: 2308: 2139: 2072: 2020: 919: 692: 512:

In recent years, "First Nations", "First Peoples" and "First Australians" have become more common.

427: 359: 20122: 19496:""Many were killed from falling over the cliffs": The naming of Mount Wheeler, Central Queensland" 13549: 6373:, he was elected to the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly in October 1974 as the member for 6010:

34% of all women imprisoned in Australia. A 2017–2018 report into youth justice undertaken by the

4158:

of the Australian mainland. The other indigenous language spoken mainly in the eastern islands is

25684: 25504: 25441: 25436: 25274: 25219: 24718: 24464: 24367: 23968: 23767: 23407: 23160: 22629: 22504: 22484: 22459: 22439: 22192: 22162: 21987: 21864: 21793: 20458: 20397: 17639:"Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes" 15841: 15201: 14846: 14788: 14774: 13797: 13774: 13086: 6617: 6528: 6016: 5869: 5593: 5137: 4951: 4886: 4849: 3873: 3707: 3669: 3664: 3415: 3390: 3168: 3113: 3082: 2878: 2180: 2086: 1997: 1765: 1579:

Distribution of the pre-contact Aboriginal population between the current states and territories

1489: 1338: 1071: 873: 320: 260: 35: 22766: 21253:

Lukin Watson, Pamela (2004). "Passed Away?: The Fate of the Karuwali". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.).

20627: 20111: 19811: 17101:

Kociumbas, Jan (2004). "Genocide and Modernity in Colonial Australia". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.).

16933: 15137:"Who is Really Airbrushing the Past? Genocide, Slavery and the Return of the Colonial Repressed" 14841: 14284: 13393:

in association with the Federation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages (FATSIL).

12506: 6322:

won the Western Australian seat of Hasluck, becoming the first Indigenous person elected to the

1900:, as Government Resident in the Torres Straits. He originally established a small settlement on 25629: 25448: 25137: 24698: 24625: 24397: 24023: 23978: 23730: 23517: 23480: 23109: 23032: 22904: 22536: 22489: 22454: 22434: 22398: 22236: 22207: 22197: 22172: 22135: 22066: 21903: 21798: 19302: 18790: 18556: 18438:(Report). MCA Education. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Museum of Contemporary Art Ltd. Archived from 18177: 17570: 16863:"Historic all-Aboriginal senate ticket to propel 'climate justice', 'heal our land, our water'" 15965: 15329: 14797:"Community, identity, wellbeing: The report of the Second National Indigenous Languages Survey" 13114: 12862: 7028: 6779: 6621: 6609: 6561:

calls for a "First Nations Voice" in the Australian Constitution and a "Makarrata Commission" (

6501: 6327: 5668: 5453: 5268: 5256: 5106:, also starring Gulpilil and featuring elements of Aboriginal beliefs and culture, won several 5037: 4890: 4779: 4546: 4171: 3877: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3574: 3561: 3153: 2961: 2797: 2529: 2250: 1432: 1369: 1209: 1075: 705: 615:" and "Blak History Month"). The term was coined in 1991 by photographer and multimedia artist 555: 497: 461: 377:

traditions, and affected the environment of the continent in a number of ways through hunting,

312: 66: 31: 17973: 17952:"Astounding archaeology discovery places inland human occupation of Australia at 49,000 years" 16377: 15999: 14395: 7609:

Bradshaw, Corey; Williams, Alan; Saltré, Frédérick; Norman, Kasih; Ulm, Sean (29 April 2021).

5513:, inspired by Goolagong, also reached number-one and won three major singles titles. Sprinter 2011:

Graph showing the destination of Indigenous wages in Queensland in the 19th and 20th centuries

1192: 25606: 25476: 25411: 25157: 25007: 24723: 24713: 24434: 24362: 24156: 23832: 23753: 23532: 23333: 23180: 23104: 23099: 22978: 22818: 22599: 22531: 22429: 22383: 22246: 22152: 22039: 21925: 21597: 20889: 20407:"Understanding change in counts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: Census" 19143: 18863: 17759: 17323:"Languages of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Peoples – a Uniquely Australian Heritage" 17085: 16252:"Captain James Cook's landing and the Indigenous first words contested by Aboriginal leaders" 15462:"Face the Facts: Questions and Answers about Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Peoples" 14238: 14168: 14013: 6346: 5758: 5360: 5287: 4950:, 2009) are as of 2020 active contemporary contributors to Australian literature. Journalist 4876: 4853: 4638: 4324: 4147: 4125: 4093: 4064: 3629: 3398: 3225:

in Western Australia and brought in to a settlement. They are believed to have been the last

3078: 3035: 3001: 2801: 2260: 1277: 904: 882: 838: 826: 797: 773: 686: 316: 223: 30:

This article is about the two ethnically distinct groups of indigenous peoples of Australia:

23240: 22801: 19716: 18643:

Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council Aboriginal Corporation (2013).

17553: 16914: 16758: 15799: 15570: 14908: 14022: 10196: 6988:

became the first Indigenous surgeon in 2006 and is an advocate of Indigenous health issues.

5275:, among others, with many of them well-represented in award nominations and wins. The films 4404:

was welcomed and the new religion was integrated into every aspect of their everyday lives.

3612:

Over time Australia has used various means to determine membership of ethnic groups such as

1496:

tools available included knives with ground edges, grinding devices, and eating containers.

25132: 24449: 24352: 24228: 24166: 24146: 24131: 24028: 23908: 23683: 23582: 23503: 22663: 22634: 22556: 22393: 22363: 22299: 22254: 21967: 21962: 21930: 21915: 21771: 21432: 21327: 21048: 20389: 19843: 19244: 19184: 18838: 17902: 17851: 17792: 17653: 17472: 17128: 17035: 16563: 16255: 16176: 15886: 15633:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 11 September 2015. 15365: 15034:"Australia Day, Invasion Day, Survival Day: a long history of celebration and contestation" 14780: 14494: 14107: 13884: 13289: 13278:"Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: Implications for modern human origins" 12971: 12619:"3238.0.55.001 – Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2016" 7611:"The First Australians grew to a population of millions, much more than previous estimates" 7608: 7424: 7114: 7019: 6592: 6300: 5947: 5272: 5065: 4909: 4756: 4534: 4179: 3820: 3335:

ATSIC was abolished by the Australian Government in 2004 amidst allegations of corruption.

3317: 3196: 2965: 2826: 1978: 1917: 1831: 1357: 1353: 1314: 1159: 858: 769: 562:. The book included interviews with several members of the Aboriginal community, including 235: 20547: 19285:

The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969

17621: 17490:"Dedicated Indigenous representation in the Australian Parliament, Research Paper 2008–09" 16426: 13339:"Unravelling the Genetic History of Negritos and Indigenous Populations of Southeast Asia" 12408: 11470: 3405:

and continues control by the federal government over "Aboriginal people and their lands".

3347:(also known as the Intervention) was launched in 2007 by the government of Prime Minister 8: 24982: 24889: 24651: 24600: 24499: 24420: 24008: 23822: 23812: 23718: 23658: 23577: 23114: 23007: 22584: 22526: 22358: 22321: 22051: 21481: 21028: 20959:"Aboriginal Australia - Referendums and Recognition: Constitutional recognition campaign" 20528:"South Australia halts Indigenous treaty talks as premier says he has 'other priorities'" 19829:"The thermal history of human fossils and the likelihood of successful DNA amplification" 18904: 18049:"Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry" 15610: 13533: 12933: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11396: 11394: 7068: 6735: 6715: 6681: 6354: 6163: 6107: 5774: 5625: 5506: 5459: 5369: 5347: 5030: 4996: 4848:

in 1796 is the first known work written in English by an Aboriginal person. The historic

4601: 4495: 4163: 4079: 3637: 3226: 2809: 2646: 2636: 2255: 1572: 1509: 1166: 1144: 1121: 1113: 846: 567: 21543:

The representation of minorities and indigenous peoples in parliament: A global overview

21436: 21331: 21235:

Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: The rise of the West and the coming of genocide

19847: 19333: 19248: 19231:

Rasmussen, M.; Guo, X.; Wang, Y.; Lohmueller, K. E.; Rasmussen, S.; et al. (2011).

19212: 18842: 17906: 17855: 17796: 17657: 16567: 16394: 14498: 14418:"Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016" 14263: 14152: 14111: 13888: 13293: 8675: 5793:

Infant mortality (ages 0–4) was twice as high as for non-Indigenous children in 2014–6.

5212:(aired 2019), featuring Fa'aoso and Bani, tells the story of Torres Strait Islands from 4328: 4255:, dances and ceremonies, and even today provides a framework for ongoing relationships, 3112:, becoming the first Indigenous Australian in the Federal Parliament. A year later, the 2030:

During this time, many Aboriginal people were victims of slavery by colonists alongside

1800: 1760:

mapped the east coast of Australia and claimed the territory for Britain in the name of

397:

peoples. At the time of European colonisation, it is estimated that there were over 250

25660: 25582: 25492: 25421: 25406: 25229: 25142: 25105: 24575: 24494: 24181: 24171: 24105: 24060: 24003: 23855: 23777: 23572: 23562: 23552: 23542: 23094: 23049: 22899: 22686: 22644: 22619: 22604: 22594: 22589: 22579: 22546: 22449: 22353: 21957: 21952: 21542: 21472: 21455: 21402: 21356: 21315: 20962: 20899:(Report). Australian Government: Indigenous Culture Support. p. 12. Archived from 20724: 20384: 20248:

Thomson, Neil (2001). "Indigenous Australia: Indigenous Health". In Jupp, James (ed.).

20201: 20156: 20103: 19867: 19737: 19595: 19570: 19537: 19458:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander studies. Archived from 19265: 19232: 19044: 18941: 18794: 18631: 18497: 18240: 18073: 18048: 18027: 17925: 17890: 17872: 17839: 17826: 17746: 17702: 17677: 17447: 17412: 16586: 16551: 16516: 16497: 15784: 15752: 15385: 15257: 15058: 14945: 14755:"Colonial frontier massacres in Central and Eastern Australia, 1788–1930: Introduction" 14528: 14131: 13986: 13577: 13365: 13338: 13155: 12942: 12697:. Australian Government, Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination. 2006. Archived from 11768: 7119: 6978: 6966: 6946: 6945:

in 1976, and many others have become famous through political activism – for instance,

6754: 6633: 6516: 6420: 6296: 6095: 6056: 6023: 5879: 5826: 5616: 5589: 5522: 4971: 4917: 4868: 4538: 4352: 4070:

Linguists classify many of the mainland Australian languages into one large group, the

3625: 3621: 3617: 3329: 3267: 3263: 3056:

drafted the Aboriginal Land Rights Bill. This was enacted the following year under the

2981: 2906: 2791: 2594: 2579: 2016: 1971: 1882: 1850: 1808: 1773:

shields and was taken back to England by Cook, where it remains in the British Museum.

1423: 1390: 1241: 1109: 757: 734: 502: 440: 378: 366: 215: 124: 24141: 19855: 19181:"Research Note no. 5 2003–2004. ATSIC Review: Complex Challenges, No Simple Solutions" 18867: 18283: 17287: 16992: 16967: 16898: 16552:"Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis" 13896: 13102: 12968:"Aboriginal culture celebrated at 2015 Saltwater Freshwater Festival in Coffs Harbour" 11391: 8699: 6431:

from 2013 to 2016, was the first Indigenous head of government in Australia. In 1974,

6380:

A number of Indigenous people represent electorates at state and territory level, and

6059:, that children in remote Aboriginal communities in NT were suffering from widespread 4251:. Knowledge contained in the Dreaming has been passed down through different stories, 2220: 389:

and spear were constructed of natural materials, as were musical instruments like the

25244: 25214: 25167: 25002: 24799: 24621: 24489: 24479: 24469: 24459: 24307: 23993: 23653: 23605: 23527: 23461: 23439: 23427: 23343: 23313: 23027: 22967: 22574: 22316: 21549: 21512: 21490: 21460: 21361: 21343: 21258: 21239: 20950: 20900: 20839: 20829: 20795: 20728: 20664: 20636: 20553: 20321: 20253: 20225: 20206: 20188: 20107: 20062: 20028: 20009: 19932: 19889: 19859: 19827:

Smith, C. I.; Chamberlain, A. T.; Riley, M. S.; Stringer, C.; Collins, M. J. (2003).

19681: 19622: 19600: 19541: 19506: 19480: 19292: 19270: 19089:

A report for the National Indigenous Australians Agency, Health and Wellbeing Branch.

19027: 19017: 18998: 18979: 18945: 18654: 18489: 18244: 18232: 18215: 18115: 18078: 18035: 18002: 17983: 17930: 17877: 17818: 17750: 17669: 17534: 17452: 17434: 17388: 17275: 17106: 16997: 16847: 16591: 16155: 16085: 16003: 15992: 15973: 15917: 15907: 15869: 15859: 15742: 15719: 15695: 15576: 15535: 15494: 15425: 15406: 15311: 15261: 15221: 15171: 14937: 14872: 14613: 14532: 14520: 14403: 14361: 14324: 14248: 14123: 14081: 14060: 13932: 13872: 13581: 13569: 13496: 13394: 13370: 13325: 13320: 13307: 13277: 12949: 12602: 8759: 6767: 6629: 6478: 6463: 6423:

has an exceptionally high Indigenous proportion (about one third) of its population.

6264: 6076: 5766: 5577: 5377: 5359:

engaged in recreational activities, including a type of Aboriginal football from the

5208: 5177: 5119: 4938: 4569: 4365: 4348: 4285:

similar to the Aboriginal peoples' Dreaming and "Everywhen" concepts, passed down in

3857: 3831: 3641: 3613: 3275: 3105: 3067: 3057: 2985: 2883: 2857: 2813: 2484: 2402: 2212: 1839: 1575:

and westward including certain sections of Northern Territory and Western Australia.

1537: 1440: 1346: 1342: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1310: 1306: 1284:

4–5,000 years ago. The research also suggests a divergence from the Papuan people of

1237: 1136: 1055: 809: 675: 563: 111: 22957: 21548:(Report). Geneva: Inter-parliamentary Union – United Nations Development Programme. 21057:"Summary Commentary: Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians" 20992: 20977:

Dead Reckoning: How to find your way in the genealogical jungle of Western Australia

20853:"FULL LIST: Record number of Indigenous MPs voted in to serve the Australian people" 20157:"Human Genetic Research in Wallacea and Sahul: Recent Findings and Future Prospects" 19696: 19064: 18850: 18746: 18389: 18110: 18093: 17681: 17290:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 3 June 2015 16826: 16678: 16605:"Population Distribution, Migration and Climate Change in Australia: An Exploration" 14949: 14437: 12758: 12354: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10102: 9934: 7790: 7754: 5923:

Have lower literacy and numeracy, although rates had improved significantly on some

5113:

The canon of films related to Indigenous Australians increased from the 1990s, with

4716:

The various Aboriginal peoples developed unique musical instruments and styles. The

4684: 2358: 1208:

Genetic studies have revealed that Aboriginal Australians largely descended from an

1120:

Several settlements of humans in Australia have been dated around 49,000 years ago.

24952: 24914: 24570: 24522: 24444: 24357: 24257: 24176: 24100: 24085: 23278: 23079: 23022: 22999: 22962: 22691: 22125: 21450: 21440: 21415: 21394: 21351: 21335: 20785: 20716: 20650:

William, Alan (24 April 2013). "A new population curve for prehistoric Australia".

20513:. Australian Government: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 30 October 2019a 20493:. Australian Government: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 8 November 2019b 20196: 20178: 20168: 20095: 19993: 19871: 19851: 19762: 19677: 19590: 19582: 19529: 19260: 19252: 18962: 18933: 18860:"The Roman Catholic Church and Indigenous Land Rights in Australia and New Zealand" 18846: 18501: 18481: 18224: 18105: 18068: 18060: 17920: 17910: 17867: 17859: 17830: 17808: 17800: 17738: 17698: 17661: 17442: 17424: 16987: 16979: 16581: 16571: 16506: 16415:"Aboriginal truth and white media: Eric Michaels meets the spirit of Aboriginalism" 16357: 16013: 15815:

J. W. H. Trueman. "Does the Lake Mungo 3 mtDNA evicence stand up to analysis?". In

15788: 15780: 15449: 15249: 15054: 14929: 14510: 14502: 14351: 14305: 14244: 14135: 14115: 14098: 13908: 13892: 13674: 13561: 13360: 13350: 13315: 13297: 13019: 12959: 12944:

Aboriginal Australia & the Torres Strait Islands: Guide to Indigenous Australia

12438: 11460: 11458: 11456: 11454: 9467: 8264: 7005: 6938: 6863: 6554: 6540: 6401: 6385: 6046: 6031: 5970:

was established as a training centre by the state and federal governments in 1997.

5938: 5649: 5498: 5244: 5232: 5203: 5191: 5070: 4649: 4645: 4620: 4565: 4320: 4304: 4167: 4129: 3813: 3765:

Both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as a percentage of the population, 2011

3448:

which brought about changes to the Constitution to include Indigenous Australians.

3125: 3100:

Indigenous Australians began to serve in parliaments from the late 1960s. In 1971,

2977: 2947: 2923: 2641: 2569: 2397: 2275: 2235: 2031: 1904:, but on 1 August 1864 he went to Somerset Island. English missionaries arrived on 1776:

Cook spent a greater period of time among the Guugu Yimithirr people around modern

1551:

There is evidence that some Aboriginal populations in northern Australia regularly

1020: 893: 602: 589:

A significant number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people use the term "

328: 211: 137: 23185: 23037: 22894: 21382: 20250:

The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their Origins

19911: 19533: 17263: 15193: 15119: 14933: 14915:. Vol. 1. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 1966. 14320:

Invisible Invaders: Smallpox and Other Diseases in Aboriginal Australia, 1780–1880

10251: 8687: 6121:"to boost frontline services in the Northern Territory... and to work towards our 2796:

The term Stolen Generations refers to those children of Australian Aboriginal and

2093: 25332: 24327: 24238: 24095: 24080: 23402: 23368: 23338: 23205: 22972: 22796: 22756: 21700: 21567:(Report). CRC funded reports. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from 20750:"Aboriginal archaeological discovery in Kakadu rewrites the history of Australia" 20581:(1). The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies NSW: 7. 20462: 20219: 19425: 19213:"Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online" 17380: 16918: 16044: 15683: 15289:. Australian Government: Office of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from 15165: 14959:"'We are taking this place back': Treaty assembly sits in Victoria's Upper House" 14075: 13990: 13518: 12759:"4512.0 – Corrective Services, Australia, September Quarter 2019: Key Statistics" 10099: 7730: 6942: 6875: 6844: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6771: 6566: 6409: 6381: 6334:

and in 2011 considered a challenge for the Labor Party leadership in that state.

6122: 5991: 5906: 5858: 5850: 5846: 5838: 5770: 5687: 5657: 5645: 5610: 5441: 5425: 5282: 5264: 5240: 5089: 5061: 4913: 4881: 4340: 4236: 4159: 3367: 3218: 2861: 2842: 2240: 2204: 2098: 2044: 1928:

One immediate consequence was a series of epidemics of European diseases such as

1909: 1761: 1753: 1405: 937:

Geographical distribution of people with Torres Strait Islander Indigenous status

864:

The 2016 census reported 23,572 Indigenous Australians in the state of Tasmania.

805: 761: 753: 583: 520: 150: 85: 24282: 22702: 20773: 20567: 19100:. Australian Government: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 30 July 2019c 18228: 17637:

MacAulay, V.; Hill, C.; Achilli, A.; Rengo, C.; Clarke, D.; et al. (2005).

17614:"Mabo v Queensland (No 2) ('Mabo case') [1992] HCA 23; (1992) 175 CLR 1" 16757:. Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) project. Archived from 15081: 12695:"4. Administration: Coordination and engagement at regional and national levels" 11451: 9650: 9503: 9184: 8600: 8399: 8377: 8375: 8348: 8336: 8204: 6388:. The first Indigenous Australian to serve as a minister in any government was 6210:

for representation of the original occupants of Australia in federal Parliament.

5322:

and others, and featuring many Indigenous actors, began to air in January 2020.

4488: 4400:

beliefs; their culture informed their understanding of the new religion, as the

3816:. In the 1966 census, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be Aboriginal. 482: 25587: 25482: 25354: 25259: 24342: 24262: 24090: 24065: 24050: 24018: 23373: 23210: 23165: 23069: 22889: 22569: 21339: 20720: 20552:, Australian National University, North Australia Research Unit, pp. 7–9, 20304: 18650: 18094:"Making the Rainforest Aboriginal: Tindale and Birdsell's foray into deep time" 18064: 17840:"The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations" 16627:"'I am the first!' Linda Burney proclaims history for Indigenous people, women" 16281: 15688:

Archaeology of the Dreamtime: The Story of prehistoric Australia and its people

15068:"Australian dig finds evidence of Aboriginal habitation up to 80,000 years ago" 14234: 12369: 12106: 11968: 11562: 11560: 9401: 8663: 7276:

people military allotments and pensions, but judged each case on its "merits" (

6970: 6910: 6887: 6867: 6750: 6613: 6584: 6508:

withdrew this support just before the election, earning a rebuke from activist

6396:

was the first Aboriginal woman elected to a State parliament in Australia (the

6268: 6207: 6134: 5679: 5629: 5534: 5510: 5492: 5479:, making it the first Australian sports team to travel overseas. Cricketer and 5449: 5236: 5228: 5199: 5075: 4933: 4841: 4596:

Several styles of Aboriginal art have developed in modern times, including the

4585:. These designs generally carry significance linked to the spirituality of the 4227: 4151: 4083: 3782: 3379: 3256: 3204: 3172: 3101: 2935: 2834: 2534: 2372: 2303: 1949: 1789: 1769:

live in a Tranquillity which is not disturb'd by the Inequality of Condition".

1724: 1466: 653: 616: 24033: 23134: 19459: 19361:"Recommended Guidelines for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Terminology" 19192: 19031: 18551: 17838:

Mallick, Swapan; Li, Heng; Lipson, Mark; Mathieson, Iain (21 September 2016).

15756: 15510: 15253: 14338:

Carey, Stephen P.; Sherwood, John E.; Price, David M.; Bowler, Jim M. (2018).

13642: 13208: 13150: 8711: 8360: 6569:

word "describing a process of conflict resolution, peacemaking and justice").

5190:, a 2012 drama series for TV based on an idea by Torres Strait Islander actor 5173: 4670: 822: 311:. They consist of two distinct groups, which includes many ethnic groups: the 25779: 25297: 25209: 24874: 24814: 24272: 24040: 23988: 23983: 22781: 21347: 20843: 20799: 20364: 20192: 19503:

Indigenous and minority placenames: Australian and international perspectives

19233:"An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia" 18363:. Vol. 12. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 18236: 18119: 18039: 18031: 17438: 17279: 16844:

Point of order!: The Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory 1974–1994

15921: 15873: 15290: 15271:"Victorian Aboriginal voters have elected a treaty assembly. So what's next?" 14650: 14365: 13573: 13311: 13043:"Aboriginal or not: More Australians than ever are identifying as Indigenous" 9973: 8372: 8085: 8083: 8081: 6926: 6914: 6895: 6883: 6804: 6786:

was elected in November 2019 and sat for the first time on 10 December 2019.

6533: 6357:, also of the CLP, was the first Indigenous person elected to any Australian 6280: 6272: 6214: 5958:

communities do not perform or attend as well as students in urban areas. The

5842: 5801: 5778: 5754: 5652:), lower levels of education and employment, inter-generational trauma, high 5542: 5514: 5437: 5401: 5301: 5252: 5146: 5102: 5085: 5057: 4901: 4860: 4815: 4764: 4609: 4582: 4522: 4401: 4199: 4092:, or group of languages having very long and intimate contact, rather than a 3394: 3375: 3294: 3222: 3192: 3188: 3053: 3040: 2830: 2589: 2265: 2164: 2156: 2055: 2039: 1901: 1854: 1481: 1273: 1263:

PCA of Orang Asli (Semang) and Andamanese, with worldwide populations in HGDP

1199: 897: 611:

is sometimes used as part of a wider social movement (seen in terms such as "

452: 339: 21445: 21198: 20790: 19637: 19586: 19256: 19160:"Population Distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians" 17915: 17665: 17429: 16576: 16435: 15486:

Family violence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, Summary

14682: 14666: 14612:. Commonwealth of Australia. Dept. of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 2019. 14540: 13804:. Vol. 1. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 11744: 11557: 11485: 9689: 9455: 8968: 8851: 8639: 5663:

Some demographic facts are related to these issues, as cause and/or result:

4593:. Such ochres were also used to paint their bodies for ceremonial purposes. 2081: 861:(d. 1905) as the last surviving "full-blooded" Tasmanian Aboriginal person. 25487: 25394: 25344: 25249: 25124: 24824: 24297: 23328: 23323: 23235: 22884: 22813: 22771: 22748: 21464: 21365: 20929: 20337:"Victorian Greens reveal all-Indigenous senate ticket for Federal election" 20241:"Two Queensland mountains to be renamed to rid them of racist connotations" 20210: 20099: 19863: 19669: 19604: 19274: 18966: 18493: 18465:"Rottnest's Aboriginal prisoners are Australia's forgotten patriots: elder" 18407:"Why 'Blak' not Black?: Artist Destiny Deacon and the origins of this word" 18372:. European Network for Indigenous Australian Rights (ENIAR). Archived from 18082: 17934: 17881: 17822: 17673: 17456: 17001: 16595: 16511: 16492: 15072: 14941: 14892: 14524: 14127: 14002:"Australia in 142 Photographic Illustrations after a Decade of Experiences" 13900: 13779: 13421: 13374: 13329: 12437:. Department of Social Services Ministers. 28 February 2022. Archived from 8629: 8627: 6962: 6958: 6930: 6684:. The first meeting of the group was held in Canberra on 13 November 2019. 6661: 6649: 6544: 6509: 6389: 6335: 6103: 6060: 5762: 5637: 5633: 5558: 5546: 5538: 5495:, the team's star player, was regarded as one of the era's finest batsmen. 5417: 5405: 5400:, it was a type of kick and catch football game played with a ball made of 5385: 5260: 5248: 5169: 5132: 5107: 4955: 4943: 4831: 4678: 4605: 4478: 4388: 4344: 4286: 4223: 4109: 3651: 3595: 3428:

proposed referendum on Constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians

3211: 3149: 2459: 2111: 2035: 1941: 1937: 1908:

on 1 July 1871. In 1872 the boundary of Queensland was extended to include

1886: 1858: 1436: 1428: 1413: 785: 777: 748:

The naming of peoples is complex and multi-layered, but a few examples are

574: 410: 374: 20365:"The Tracker (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online" 20173: 18624:

Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice

17891:"Genome-wide data substantiate Holocene gene flow from India to Australia" 15483: 14722: 14456: 14309: 14037:"Indigenous performing arts is a testament to collective drive and vision" 13302: 11774: 8078: 7708: 7504: 7502: 7232:

Appendices listing and interpretation of state acts regarding "Aborigines"

4447: 1158:

seem to have lived a long time in the same environment as the now extinct

1147:

believes that present-day local Aboriginal peoples are descended from the

1135:; they have been dated at 42,000 years old. The initial comparison of the 25204: 24879: 24377: 24317: 24292: 23998: 23432: 23283: 22808: 22639: 22499: 21413: 21091:"Aboriginal victimisation and offending: the picture from police records" 20926:"Aboriginal Australia – Referendums and Recognition: The 1967 Referendum" 20481:(Report). Brewarrina Aboriginal Cultural Museum – via Academia.edu. 20127: 18622:

Newton, Janice (1990). "Becoming 'Authentic' Australians through Music".

17889:

Manfred, K; Mark, S; Irina, P; Frederick, D; Ellen, G (14 January 2013).

16773: 16226: 15453: 15082:"Dead Heart (1996) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online" 13461: 13355: 11406: 8552: 8144: 7514: 7104: 7088: 6974: 6879: 6871: 6645: 6520: 6489: 6366: 6199: 5891: 5865: 5621: 5562: 5554: 5526: 5445: 5389: 5356: 5315: 5311: 5194:, was partly filmed in the Torres Strait Islands and starred Fa'aoso and 5186: 5128: 5124: 5053: 5041: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4852:

of 1963 are the first traditional Aboriginal documents recognised by the

4725: 4710: 4706: 4597: 4589:. Paintings were usually created in earthy colours, from paint made from 4578: 4541:, but examples can also within protected parks in urban areas such as at 4474: 4308: 3898:

years earlier, 31% were living in major cities and 24% in remote areas.)

3809: 3457:

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population in Australia, 1971–2021

3358: 3348: 3290: 3016: 2993: 2887: 2172: 2007: 1953: 1897: 1826:, New South Wales, in 1788. Settlements were subsequently established in 1819: 1785: 1752:

British exploration of the Australian coastline began with the buccaneer

1712: 1529: 1521: 1517: 1461: 1293: 1269: 1225: 1221: 1170: 878: 781: 648: 579: 546: 414: 292: 189: 39: 23263: 22838: 21383:"On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind" 20774:"A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia" 20765:"Former Aboriginal prison on Rottnest Island closed for tourist lodging" 18635: 18534: 17863: 17813: 17804: 16520: 15638: 14506: 14119: 14024:

The Aboriginals and Half-Castes of Central Australia and North Australia

13810: 13721:. Australian Government Culture Portal. 21 December 2007. Archived from 13565: 13525: 11136: 10555: 9433: 9431: 9235: 8765: 8624: 7760: 6263:

As of January 2020, six Indigenous Australians have been elected to the

4299:

Christianity in Australia § Indigenous Australians and Christianity

3389:

In 2011, the Australian government enacted legislation to implement the

3085:

reversed Justice Blackburn's ruling and handed down its decision in the

2800:

descent who were forcibly removed from their families by the Australian

961:

Geographical distribution of people with Torres Strait Islander ancestry

25312: 25199: 25194: 24869: 24859: 24804: 24233: 23089: 22843: 21643:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies 21506:

Communicating Positively: A guide to appropriate Aboriginal terminology

21406: 20183: 18903: 18485: 18373: 17596: 16955:"Historic Constitution vote over indigenous recognition facing hurdles" 16058: 14515: 13641:

Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under a

13184: 10278: 10266: 9940: 9612: 8464: 8462: 8270: 7499: 6954: 6922: 6856: 6800: 6653: 6641: 6505: 6424: 6405: 6342: 6288: 6276: 5675: 5428:. Some historians claim that Marn Grook had a role in the formation of 5409: 5397: 5164: 5159: 5142: 5097: 5093: 4749: 4733: 4729: 4717: 4674: 4574: 4316: 4195: 4175: 4088: 3690: 3383: 3321: 3301: 3200: 2631: 2001: 1996:

Place names sometimes reveal discrimination, such as Mount Jim Crow in

1957: 1913: 1835: 1823: 1804: 1757: 1745: 1541: 1449: 1285: 1198:

Phylogenetic position of the Aboriginal Australian lineage among other

1148: 1125: 1051: 1027: 911: 889: 590: 551: 431: 390: 324: 98: 22828: 21709:"Map of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health/medical services" 21568: 20608:"First meeting held by senior body for Indigenous Voice to government" 18707:"Bill Shorten keeps Kim Carr on frontbench in shadow ministry shuffle" 17999:

Living with the Locals: Early Europeans' Experience of Indigenous Life

17780: 17527:

Colonialism and its Aftermath: A history of Aboriginal South Australia

17344:"Blak, Black, Blackfulla: Language is important, but it can be tricky" 16715:"Indigenous Australians: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people" 16530:"Murrumu Walubara Yidindji renounces citizenship to reclaim Australia" 15629: 9473: 8588: 8540: 5682:

is often used when comparing Indigenous and non-Indigenous statistics.

5475:

A team of Aboriginal cricketers from the Western District of Victoria

4824: 4174:; however Kalaw Lagaw Ya appears to be undergoing a transition into a 2085:

New South Wales Mounted Police killing Aboriginal warriors during the

25668: 25458: 25189: 24347: 24208:

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

24070: 23308: 23054: 22874: 21759: 21728: 21624: 20317: 18884:"Why guaranteed Indigenous seats in parliament could ease inequality" 18318:. Australian Government Culture and Recreation Portal. Archived from 18149:"The Aboriginal Tent Embassy has been left off the ACT heritage list" 17492:. Parliament of Australia, Politics and Public Administration Section 16297: 15987: 15738: 14001: 13620:"Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population summary" 13101: 11956: 11873:"Indigenous and Black Communities Find Common Cause for Land Justice" 11708: 10765: 10755: 10753: 9596: 9428: 7736: 7059:

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

6918: 6840: 6600: 6459: 6315: 5809: 5550: 5487:

coached the team in an Aboriginal language he learnt as a child, and

5484: 5464: 5413: 5220: 5195: 4905: 4845: 4760: 4745: 4741: 4586: 4319:

in Adelaide, the work of missionaries laid the foundations for later

4263: 4232: 3180: 3133: 2988:

in protest against poor pay and conditions (later the subject of the

2574: 2514: 1986: 1513: 1493: 1485: 1298: 1132: 854: 850: 534: 435: 386: 332: 304: 21688: 21398: 20947:"Aboriginal Australia - Referendums and Recognition: 1967 Resources" 19997: 19651:"Wiradjuri artist's painting depicts journey of healing at hospital" 19552:. Department of Health and Ageing. 10 February 2006b. Archived from 18724: 16456:"Ash Barty number one world ranking sends Queensland into overdrive" 15118:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 11 April 2011. Archived from 14683:"Collaborating for Indigenous Rights: Wave Hill walk off, 1966–1967" 14587:. Indigenous Accountants Australia. 14 February 2018. Archived from 14356: 14339: 13946: 13811:"The British Invasion of Australia. Convicts: Exile and Dislocation" 13757: 12205: 12193: 11572: 10543: 10112: 9112: 8747: 8459: 8210: 6981:– have used their celebrity to draw attention to Indigenous issues. 6225:, to protest 150 years of callous treatment and the seizure of land. 3864:, there was a 20% rise in people who identify as Aboriginal. In the 2034:

peoples who were kidnapped from their homes, in a practice known as

1492:) with stone or fishbone tips, clubs, and (less commonly) axes. The 496:(origin, beginning). The term was used in Australia to describe its 24929: 24919: 24372: 24332: 24151: 23170: 23141: 23044: 22993: 22858: 22786: 21703:. Australasian Legal Information Institute (austlii). 20 July 2017. 20478: 20058:

Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status 2018

20055: 18937: 17742: 16983: 16136:"5 of the best Aboriginal experiences in Tropical North Queensland" 12522: 11533: 11464: 11367: 11076: 6933:

remain the only Indigenous Australians to have been elected to the

6848: 6493: 5854: 5829:, with this resulting in unstable parenting and family situations. 5518: 5421: 5404:

hide. According to some accounts, it was played as far away as the

5393: 5352: 5224: 4775: 4737: 4644:

Aboriginal art has influenced many non-Indigenous artists, such as

4637:

exhibits a great many Indigenous art works, including those of the

4557: 4550: 4332: 4252: 4244: 4105: 3121: 2474: 2168: 2123: 1945: 1933: 1827: 1777: 1571:

sections of New South Wales, and along the northern coast from the

1556: 1401: 1229: 842: 793: 419: 163: 22853: 20269:"Colliding worlds: first contact in the western desert, 1932–1984" 18575:"Australia's Aborigines Launch a Bold Legal Push for Independence" 18471: 16549: 15021:"Why the number of Indigenous deaths in the frontier wars matters" 14739:"Colliding worlds: first contact in the western desert, 1932–1984" 12859:"8 interesting facts about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders" 11004: 10750: 8705: 8681: 8612: 8276: 7668: 7666: 1893:

with which they had become acquainted in the northern hemisphere.

1329:

can be found in the majority of Europeans, Northern South Asians,

24337: 24302: 24252: 24243: 23358: 23293: 23195: 23128: 22823: 21656: 21371: 19879:

Smyth, Dermot; Monaghan, Jim; Smyth; Consultants, Bahrdt (2004).

19291:. Department of Aboriginal Affairs (New South Wales government). 18536:"National Heritage Places – Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape" 16534: 12133: 11247: 11187: 11112: 10714: 9946: 9797: 6759: 6711: 6035: 5931: 5814: 5805: 5381: 5373: 4959: 4697: 4693: 4561: 3890: 3285:

but did not succeed. In 1999, the Australian Parliament passed a

3214: 2604: 1981:

skulls were particularly sought internationally for studies into

1929: 1453: 1409: 1289: 1217: 1105: 1019:"Freshwater people" redirects here. For the American people, see 801: 789: 524: 288: 25659: 19971:. Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority. 25 July 2018 19810:. Civics and Citizenship Education. 14 June 2005. Archived from 19806: 19183:. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from 19094:"Petrol sniffing continues to decline in Indigenous Communities" 18176:. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from 15885:. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from 15366:"Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians" 10169: 9979: 9542: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8098: 7742: 7678: 7425:"Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians" 6961:

decision that bears his name. The voices of Cape York activists

6106:; violent family environments; poor health; inadequate housing; 4809: 4468: 2918: 1352:

Aboriginal Australians possess deep rooted clades of both mtDNA

1248:

and the East/Southeast Asian lineage including the ancestors of

24267: 23353: 23303: 22848: 22742:

List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania

20625: 20061:. Mount Lawley, WA: Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. 2019. 19644:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 19347:(28). Australasian Legal Information Institute. 16 January 2012 19071: 17264:"The Story of Cape York Peninsula: Part II: Torres Strait Saga" 16023:"Indigenous parliamentarians, federal and state: a quick guide" 14822:"Street names a reminder of our racist past and they should go" 14753: 14159: 14077:

Australian Languages: Classification and the comparative method

12649: 12435:"$ 10.7 million boost for domestic violence services in the NT" 11750: 11696: 11566: 11491: 11271: 11211: 10956: 10789: 10021: 9749: 9695: 9677: 9461: 7853: 7663: 6859:, became famous for armed resistance to the European settlers. 5924: 5747: 5743: 5530: 5502: 4894: 4526: 4336: 4248: 4240: 3751:

Torres Strait Islanders as a percentage of the population, 2011

2544: 2155:

In 1938, over 100 Aboriginal people protested one of the first

1720: 1505: 1452:

people whom he lived near in Victoria. He saw women harvesting

749: 593:" and its associated forms to refer to Aboriginal Australians. 422:

epidemic spreading three years after the arrival of Europeans.

24203:

Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium

19759:"Screen Australia's Indigenous Department celebrates 25 years" 19505:. Aboriginal history monographs. ANU Press. pp. 147–161. 19138: 17689:

MacKnight, C. C. (1986). "Macassans and the Aboriginal past".

17224:"Appropriate words & terminology for First Nations topics" 16965: 16156:"UN's claims of "racist" NT intervention are widely condemned" 14375:"Seminar: The 'myth' of smallpox at Sydney Cove in April 1789" 12671:"36. Kinship and Identity: Legal definitions of Aboriginality" 10968: 10910: 10908: 9922: 9713: 9638: 9100: 8723: 8693: 8120: 8089: 7889: 7841: 6458:(ATSIC) was set up as a representative body in 1990 under the 6128: 5841:

of both legal and illegal drugs, including but not limited to

3737:

Aboriginal Australians as a percentage of the population, 2011

3723:

Indigenous Australians as a percentage of the population, 2011

1034:

for coast-dwellers (including Torres Strait Islander people),

25791:

Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

25664: 25269: 25239: 24322: 24277: 23247: 23230: 23215: 22833: 21213: 21177:"More First Nations people in parliament matters. Here's why" 21100:. NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. Archived from 20629:

Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle: "Little Children are Sacred"

20549:

Cross cultural communication problems in Aboriginal Australia

19878: 19826: 19195:(Media release). University of South Australia. 16 May 2008. 19119:. Northern Territory Government. October 2004. Archived from 18976:

Convincing Ground: Learning to Fall in Love with your Country

18670:"Greens announce all First Nations Senate ticket in Victoria" 17778: 15506: 15186:"Documenting a Democracy: Yirrkala bark petitions 1963 (Cth)" 14556: 14484: 13681:. Authorised by the Electoral Commissioner: Canberra ACT 2600 13637: 13168: 11601: 11331: 11295: 10702: 10618: 10385: 10383: 9898: 8866: 8516: 8405: 8354: 8342: 8252: 8150: 8095: 7964: 7952: 7520: 6852: 6244:

List of Indigenous Australians in politics and public service

5048: 4590: 4530: 3440: 3074: 2825:

the twentieth century, many Indigenous Australians worked as

1890: 1727:, which catered for extended family members living together. 1533: 1501: 1435:

people have removed the bark to make a canoe, for use on the

1417: 1281: 1253: 765: 528: 486: 382: 20705:"Constitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve?" 20287:. National Museum of Australia. 13 July 1968. Archived from 17381:"The Music Culture and Music System of Aboriginal Australia" 17061:"Wyatt likes the odd but keeping his cards close in Hasluck" 16040:"Prehistoric Australian Aboriginal populations were growing" 14396:"Ngapartji Ngapartji: Telling Aboriginal Australian Stories" 13159:. Vol. 62, no. 19, 109. 30 January 1988. p. 4 13020:"Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth)" 11660: 10932: 10920: 10854: 10477: 10419: 9826: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9479: 9416: 7877: 7044:

Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities

6907:

Indigenous Australians have been elected to political office

6089:

Domestic violence in Australia § Indigenous Australians

5698:(COAG) in December 2018. These were in the following areas: 4641:

who are known for their traditional sculpture and headgear.

4608:"dot art" movement. Some notable Aboriginal artists include 4166:

spoken on the nearby south coast of New Guinea and the only

3023:

to make laws with respect to Aboriginal people by modifying

1744:

A 1770 sketch of two Aboriginal men by the British explorer

24899: 23318: 23298: 23288: 23268: 23225: 23190: 23175: 22879: 22791: 22776: 21316:"Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea" 20680:"Audiovisual Heritage of Torres Strait Singing and Dancing" 19501:. In Clark, Ian D; Hercus, Luise; Kostanski, Laura (eds.). 19079:(Report). School of Public Health, University of Queensland 19014:

Dark emu: Aboriginal Australia and the birth of agriculture

18411: 15930:"GF's Koori History Website – Koori History Images – 1930s" 15883:"Research Note 18 2000–01: The Definition of Aboriginality" 15572:

The Soundscapes of Australia: Music, Place And Spirituality

14094: 13966: 13829:

Biddle, Nicholas; Hunter, Boyd; Yap, Mandy; Gray, Matthew.

13004:"Aboriginal Heritage walk: Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park" 12775:"4517.0 – Prisoners in Australia, 2009: Imprisonment rates" 12529: 12094: 11895: 11893: 11429: 11427: 10905: 10842: 10561: 10533: 10531: 10009: 9910: 9271: 9223: 9075: 9073: 9007: 8878: 8435: 8387: 8156: 8015: 8005: 8003: 7508: 6742:

In 2014, another Indigenous group describing itself as the

5822: 5052:(1955) was the first Australian feature film to be shot in 3853:

See Infobox above for Distribution by state & territory

1716: 1564: 1545: 1245: 1104:

Artwork depicting the first contact that was made with the

641: 24681: 21640: 21121: 21089:

Fitzgerald, Jacqueline; Weatherburn, Don (December 2001).

20441: 20421: 20154: 20144:"Sydney Opera House – Producer, First Nations Programming" 19230: 19132:"Pilbara Rock Art not Affected by Mining Emissions: Study" 19114:"Petrol Sniffing in Remote Northern Territory Communities" 19041:"What is a Makarrata? It's more than a synonym for treaty" 18924:

Pardoe, C. (1991). "Isolation and Evolution in Tasmania".

18747:"Ken Wyatt: Australia's first indigenous cabinet minister" 16846:. Darwin: Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory. 16282:"Historian dismisses Tasmanian aboriginal genocide 'myth'" 15856:

The biggest estate on earth: how Aborigines made Australia

15308:

People of the Merri Merri: The Wurundjeri in Colonial Days

14920:

Cooper, A. (2001). "Human Origins and Ancient Human DNA".

14719:"Collections: Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander art" 14300:

Callaway, E. (2011). "First Aboriginal genome sequenced".

14057:

Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland's frontier killing times

13336: 13275: 12294: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11235: 10818: 10630: 10608: 10606: 10504: 10380: 10284: 10272: 9199: 9172: 9090: 9088: 8645: 8606: 8594: 8564: 8479: 8477: 8381: 8180: 6536:

citing insufficient community awareness for the decision.

1559:

fishermen from Indonesia before the arrival of Europeans.

22951: 21013:"Australian Aborigines in chains at Wyndham prison, 1902" 20091:

Masked corroborees of the northwest 'stand up in my head'

19969:"Spirituality and religion among Torres Strait Islanders" 19316:. Commonwealth of Australia. January 2012. Archived from 18828: 17888: 17385:

Ar̲atjara: Aboriginal Culture and Literature in Australia

17383:. In Riemenschneider, Dieter; Davis, Geoffrey V. (eds.). 16647:"Imprisonment rates of Indigenous women a national shame" 16336:. Government of Queensland. 17 March 2016. Archived from 16079:"Indigenous Populations, Mixed Discourses and Identities" 15802: 15614: 15611:"First Australian Aboriginal in House of Representatives" 15099: 14667:"Collaborating for Indigenous Rights: Freedom Ride, 1965" 13113: 12414: 12342: 11476: 11223: 11064: 10678: 10567: 10326: 9874: 9809: 9773: 9626: 9571: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9563: 9058: 8669: 8411: 8366: 8044: 8042: 7626: 7624: 7592: 7590: 6687: 6392:, who entered the Western Australian Parliament in 1980. 5878:

has been a problem among some remote communities. A 2018

5615:

To this day, the forced removal of children known as the

4970:

contains stories written in traditional languages of the

4900:

Writers coming to prominence in the 21st century include

4178:

language while Meriam Mìr is more clearly agglutinative.

3073:

In 1985, the Australian government returned ownership of

2812:

for the purpose of eradicating Aboriginal culture, under

1525: 1224:. The Aboriginal Australians also show affinity to other 1100: 853:

genocide". A woman named Trugernanner (often rendered as

19983: 19929:

Race and Ethnicity: Culture, identity and representation

19568: 17943:"Mapping the massacres of Australia's colonial frontier" 17941: 17837: 17636: 17309:(Version 1.3 ed.). Australians Together. April 2020 16270:

Hilferti, Tim (24 October 2010). "The Australian Game".

15735:

Transgressions: Critical Australian Indigenous histories

15589: 15143: 14337: 13527:"Appropriate Terminology, Indigenous Australian Peoples" 13061:. Pew Environment Group. 24 October 2012. Archived from 12260: 12258: 12256: 12229: 11962: 11946: 11944: 11890: 11714: 11424: 11100: 10893: 10528: 9838: 9586: 9584: 9437: 9241: 9070: 9036: 9034: 8717: 8558: 8468: 8288: 8000: 7901: 7470: 7326: 3812:

and in the 1954 and 1961 censuses were considered to be

1964:

the rape and forcible prostitution of Aboriginal women.

434:

children from Aboriginal communities, which was judged "

20505: 20485: 20221:

Unearthed: the Aboriginal Tasmanians of Kangaroo Island

19092: 18433:

Destiny Deacon: Walk & don't look blak Resource Kit

18254:"The Origin of the Smallpox Outbreak in Sydney in 1789" 17362:

Lawford, Elliana; Zillman, Stephanie (18 August 2016).

16312: 15208:. National Indigenous Australians Agency. December 2018 15044: 14565:

Close the Gap report – "Our Choices, Our Voices" (2019)

13618: 12217: 12211: 12199: 11732: 11648: 11584: 11578: 11412: 11379: 11355: 11343: 11319: 10808: 10806: 10804: 10738: 10642: 10603: 10579: 10549: 10395: 10370: 10368: 10314: 10089: 10087: 10057: 9963: 9961: 9118: 9085: 9019: 8805: 8803: 8753: 8474: 8168: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7390: 6953:

of 1965 and subsequent work; or Torres Strait Islander

6572: 6133:

In 2021, Australia's government, led by Prime Minister

5088:, was an award-winning historical drama from a book by 4630:

becoming globally renowned 20th-century art movements.

4231:

greater or lesser extent, and evolved over time. Major

1368:

Although it is estimated that people migrated from the

21676: 21609:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice" 20979:. State Library of Western Australia. 23 December 2015 19550:"Roll out of OPAL fuel to help combat petrol sniffing" 19548: 18431:

Munro, Keith; McLisky, Justine, eds. (November 2004).

16434: 15405:. Canberra Australia: Australian National University. 15346:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Census" 14999:

Culotta, Elizabeth; Gibbons, Ann (21 September 2016).

14547:. Vol. 1, no. 56. 8 November 1828. p. 1 14149:

Thinking Faith – Online Journal of the British Jesuits

13870: 12878:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Census" 12523:"2021 Census - Cultural Diversity, 2021, TableBuilder" 12306: 12169: 12060: 12058: 12031: 11848:"Australia to pay reparations to 'Stolen Generations'" 11539: 11259: 11151: 10883: 10881: 9701: 9560: 9547:

The Queensland Native Mounted Police Research Database

9046: 8839: 8815: 8790: 8788: 8786: 8546: 8494: 8492: 8282: 8054: 8039: 7766: 7621: 7587: 7562: 7560: 6734:

In 2013, an Indigenous group describing itself as the

6330:, was concurrently serving as Shadow Treasurer in the 3839:(ABS) follows a set method to estimate total numbers. 3338: 3140:

became the first Indigenous Australian elected to the

515:

Being as specific as possible, for example naming the

21313: 21088: 21059:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 18 September 2018. 19778: 19569:

Rosenstock, A; Mukandi, B; Zwi, AB; Hill, PS (2013).

19065:"The people and history of the Torres Strait Islands" 17268:

Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland

12986: 12926:"Aboriginal Art Online, Traditional painting methods" 12924: 12857: 12253: 12145: 12043: 11941: 11545: 11307: 11199: 11010: 10759: 10726: 10455: 10453: 10451: 10449: 10436: 10434: 10074: 10072: 10033: 9581: 9365: 9329: 9283: 9136: 9124: 9031: 8907: 8905: 8827: 8651: 8618: 8027: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7079:

Domestic violence in Australia#Indigenous Australians

6815:

following her victory in the 400 m final of the

5056:, the first to star Aboriginal actors in lead roles ( 4343:

and created textbooks in the language. However, some

21047:. Aboriginal Studies Press. 22 May 2017 – via 19902: 19332: 19211: 18314: 18046: 17364:"Timeline: From Wave Hill protest to land handbacks" 17302: 17286: 16825:. Rugby Hall of Fame. 9 October 2007. Archived from 16123:"Explainer: the evidence for the Tasmanian genocide" 15305: 14700:"Meet the Indigenous candidates vying for your vote" 14645: 14281:"History of Torres Strait to 1879 – a regional view" 13673:

Australian Electoral Commission (12 November 2020).

12739:"4510.0 – Recorded Crime – Victims, Australia, 2016" 12621:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 18 September 2018 12330: 12181: 12157: 12139: 11995: 11983: 11804: 11780: 11373: 11253: 11193: 11124: 11118: 11088: 10992: 10801: 10465: 10365: 10355: 10353: 10338: 10118: 10084: 10045: 9958: 9952: 9803: 9761: 9665: 9160: 9148: 8922: 8920: 8800: 8633: 8423: 8228: 8192: 7930: 7928: 7865: 7748: 7718: 7690: 7641: 7639: 7437: 7380: 7378: 6995: 6030:

Indigenous Australians are also over-represented as

4692:

Music and dance have formed an integral part of the

3781:

Aboriginal boys and men in front of a bush shelter,

3063:

Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976

1916:

the other islands, which became part of the British

531:), is considered best practice and most respectful. 19575:

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

19366:. Queensland University of Technology. 1 April 2015 18646:

Traditional Healers of Central Australia: Ngangkari

18642: 18275:"Rottnest Island: Black prison to white playground" 18026:. No. 118. Fitzroy, Victoria. pp. 33–34. 17945:. University of Newcastle, Australia. 5 July 2017b. 17105:. War and Genocide. Berghahn Books. pp. 79ff. 16932: 16250:Higgins, Isabella; Collard, Sarah (28 April 2020). 15766:"Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australian" 14539: 12761:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 November 2019 12282: 12055: 11816: 11720: 11509: 11028: 11016: 10878: 10866: 10771: 10591: 10494: 10492: 10407: 10227: 10157: 10147: 10145: 9997: 9389: 9353: 9341: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9247: 9211: 8932: 8890: 8783: 8489: 8216: 7988: 7859: 7829: 7817: 7796: 7557: 7363: 6789: 6778:negotiations have been "paused". In June 2018, the 5864:Indigenous Australians were 1.6 times as likely to 5436:, play the modern game. Well-known players include 4364:clergy such as Sydney's first Catholic archbishop, 4280:

Torres Strait Islanders § Religion and beliefs

4170:spoken on Australian territory. Both languages are 4128:, Western conversational interaction is typically " 3772: 3031:. The referendum passed with 90.77% voter support. 714:

Aboriginal Australians § Groups and sub-groups

25081:Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations 21471: 20928:. State Library of South Australia. Archived from 20888: 20818: 20663:. Sydney: Commonwealth of Australia. p. 275. 19731: 19130: 18560:. Victoria, Australia. 19 November 1919. p. 3 18258:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 17711: 17463: 16873: 16821: 16791:"Indigenous vote decided outcome in the Territory" 15991: 15548: 15438: 15220: 15066:Davidson, Helen; Wahlquist, Calla (20 July 2017). 14957:Costa, Jedda; Dunstan, Joseph (11 December 2019). 14869:Skin Deep: Settler impressions of Aboriginal women 14283:. Torres Strait Regional Authority. Archived from 13945: 13695:"The Australian Eleven: The first Australian team" 13509: 13235: 13149: 12941: 12906:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population" 12605:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 17 October 2018 12360: 12318: 12121: 12082: 12019: 12007: 11929: 11828: 11792: 11702: 11521: 11283: 11277: 11217: 11175: 11163: 11052: 10962: 10830: 10795: 10720: 10690: 10666: 10654: 10446: 10431: 10203: 10130: 10069: 10027: 9850: 9755: 9683: 9491: 9377: 9259: 8944: 8902: 8771: 8528: 8312: 8300: 8240: 8126: 7940: 7895: 7847: 7684: 7651: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7482: 6557:from the gathering of 250 Indigenous leaders. The 4787:Torres Strait Islander people, singing and dancing 4553:in Western Australia was heritage listed in 2007. 3901: 3044:before British settlement, and that no concept of 3038:, Justice Blackburn ruled that Australia had been 756:, and neighbouring parts of Western Australia and 51:Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders 22732: 21288:Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 20806: 20479:Brewarrina Aboriginal fisheries conservation plan 20347: 20023: 19888:. Australian Government. National Oceans Office. 18762:Offer, Marnie Banger and Kaitlyn (21 June 2018). 17127:. Australia: ABC. 14 October 2003. Archived from 16893: 16877:. Festival de Cannes. 22 May 2011. Archived from 16669: 16356:. Central Land Council, Australia. Archived from 16225: 15239: 15065: 13965: 13831:"Eight ways we can improve Indigenous employment" 13741:. australia.gov.au. 20 April 2016. Archived from 13675:"Electoral milestones for Indigenous Australians" 13652: 13199: 13175: 13059:"Aboriginal Stewardship Models Brought to Canada" 12637:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 31 August 2018 12521: 12479:"1370.0 – Measures of Australia's Progress, 2004" 12270: 12070: 11756: 11684: 11497: 11439: 11082: 10974: 10944: 10777: 10350: 10257: 10215: 9985: 9928: 9862: 9725: 9719: 9644: 9523: 9106: 8956: 8917: 8729: 8522: 8447: 8258: 8132: 8114: 7976: 7970: 7958: 7925: 7913: 7636: 7526: 7473:"Demonstrating inclusive and respectful language" 7407: 7405: 7375: 7064:Australian outback literature of the 20th century 6449: 5781:and other illnesses than the general population. 5746:, lack of education or employment (and therefore 5690:strategy, created in 2008 and coordinated by the 4395:mission led by Rev. Samuel Macfarlane arrived on 4382: 4135: 3408: 3320:in Canberra. On 13 February 2008, Prime Minister 1970:In 1834 there occurred the first recorded use of 731:of which can have alternative English spellings. 27:The two groups of indigenous peoples of Australia 25777: 20393: 19796:"Australia needs to own up to its slave history" 19757: 19359: 19193:"Preserving Indigenous culture through language" 19158: 18607:"New map records massacres of Aboriginal people" 18337:"The Tiwi and the British: an ill-fated outpost" 18016:McCallum, Kerry; Waller, Lisa (June–July 2012). 16393:Hobbs, Harry; Williams, George (16 April 2018). 16352: 16288:(Transcript). ABC Local Radio. 12 December 2002. 15814: 15310:. Merri Creek Management Committee. p. 45. 15285: 14377:. Australian National University. Archived from 13999: 13737: 13495:. North Melbourne: Spinifex Press. p. 424. 13384:National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 12880:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2022. 12396: 12384: 12241: 11917: 11905: 11672: 11613: 11607: 11337: 11301: 11040: 10624: 10516: 10489: 10302: 10290: 10239: 10142: 9904: 9312: 8872: 8735: 8576: 8324: 8066: 7883: 7805: 6456:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 4958:has written both fiction and non-fiction works. 4119: 3234:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 2195: 1086:List of Indigenous Australian historical figures 554:, proudly embraced the term "Black", and writer 468:, it was proclaimed a flag of Australia in 1995. 385:. Technologies for warfare and hunting like the 21424:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 20457: 20409:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 4 April 2023 20146:. Media RING. 21 September 2018. Archived from 19707: 19615:Population Issues, Indigenous Australians, 1996 19378: 18552:"National Park visitors search kitchen middens" 18388: 18300:"Mills dumped as Giles takes top Territory job" 17171:"Australia has a history of Aboriginal slavery" 16913: 16556:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 16280: 15880: 15800:G. J. Adcock; E. S. Dennis; S. Esteal [ 15737:. Aboriginal History Monographs. Vol. 16. 15658:"Five Fast Facts – The Aboriginal Tent Embassy" 15656: 14721:. National Gallery of Australia. Archived from 14665: 14647:"Collaborating for Indigenous Rights 1957–1973" 13995:(in German). Gleiwitz, Germany: Gustav Neumann. 13828: 13759:"Australians Together | The Stolen Generations" 13282:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 12886:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples" 12553:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2017 11775:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2006 11666: 10938: 10926: 10860: 10483: 9832: 9737: 9656: 9302: 9300: 9298: 8504: 8441: 8162: 8021: 7538: 4767:is helping preserve some Indigenous languages. 3270:, and the final report delivered in 1997 – the 25568:Northern Territory National Emergency Response 25071:National Congress of Australia's First Peoples 21511:(Report). NSW Department of Health. May 2004. 21257:. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 174–193. 20565: 20239:Terzon, Emilia; Robinson, Paul (15 May 2018). 20238: 18995:Dark Emu; Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident 18978:. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 182–185. 18881: 18857: 18680: 18015: 17996: 17411:Lipson, Mark; Reich, David (10 January 2017). 17361: 17049: 16801: 16789: 16737:. National Gallery of Victoria. Archived from 16249: 15460: 15439:Evans, Raymond; Ørsted-Jensen, Robert (2014). 15306:Ellender, Isabel; Christiansen, Peter (2001). 14998: 14854:(12). Australasian Legal Information Institute 14649:. National Museum of Australia. Archived from 14400:Get Real: Documentary Theatre Past and Present 13992:Australien in 142 Photographischen Abbildungen 13717: 13588: 12505:. Australia: ABC. 3 March 2008. Archived from 12375: 12112: 12100: 11974: 10914: 10848: 10708: 10175: 10015: 9916: 9407: 9277: 9229: 9190: 9013: 8570: 7581: 7402: 7351: 7289:For a discussion of the recommendations, see: 7100:List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians 6484:In October 2007, just before the calling of a 5332:Theatre of Australia § Indigenous theatre 3345:Northern Territory National Emergency Response 3221:desert-dwelling life were tracked down in the 3093:to be invalid and confirming the existence of 2903:Northern Territory Special Reconnaissance Unit 2066: 1956:. A fourth theory is that the epidemic was of 1706: 25645: 25056:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association 24667: 24405: 23738: 23488: 22718: 21744: 21387:Journal of the Ethnological Society of London 21141:Olson, Emily; Marsh, Peter (23 August 2007). 20363: 20004: 19621:. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. 17471:. Vol. 9. September 1997. Archived from 16419:The Australian Journal of Media & Culture 16392: 16076: 15824:Colin Groves. "Lake Mungo 3 and his DNA". In 14842:"Who is an 'Aboriginal Person'?: Shaw v Wolf" 13851:"Aboriginal identity goes beyond skin colour" 13775:"Australia's Megafauna Coexisted with Humans" 13381: 13225:"A Century of Population Change in Australia" 12633: 12300: 11631: 11407:Australians Together: Indigenous disadvantage 11241: 10980: 10636: 10510: 10389: 9886: 8417: 5002:Indigenous Australians in the performing arts 3378:, the Opposition and Indigenous leaders like 2984:(Gurindji strike) of Indigenous employees of 2856:Aboriginal women carrying a child wrapped in 2771: 1420:were made out of bark for use on the Murray. 348:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 273:Torres Strait Islander religion and mythology 25123: 21621:"Australian Database of Indigenous Violence" 21252: 20285:"Timeline: 1960–69: 1967, 27 May referendum" 19780:"Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout" 19380:"Reconciliation and other Indigenous Issues" 18587:"The new corroboree – Music – Entertainment" 18430: 17584:Kim, Sharnie; Stephen, Adam (18 June 2020). 17507:"Wyatt to challenge for WA Labor leadership" 15986: 15928: 15832: 15823: 15708: 15080: 15031: 14956: 14398:. In Forsyth, Alison; Megson, Chris (eds.). 14344:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 14240:Aboriginal Australians: A History Since 1788 14073: 14030:. Melbourne: Government Printer. p. 17. 13739:"Australian Indigenous tools and technology" 13672: 12884: 12601: 12531:"2021 Census overcount and undercount, 2021" 12348: 11229: 10684: 10573: 9880: 9820: 9785: 9779: 9632: 9443: 9295: 8766:National Heritage Places – Budj Bim National 7907: 7761:Flinders University: Appropriate Terminology 7672: 7396: 7214:and "others", by M. D. Prentis for his book 6731:, in favour of the concept of native title. 6400:) in 2001, and the first woman minister was 6254:Section 127 of the Constitution of Australia 4782:is an acclaimed contemporary dance company. 4655: 4577:; and the complex figurative style found in 4217:Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology 3823:in 1978 which contains elements of descent, 1124:of sediments surrounding stone artefacts at 315:of the mainland and many islands, including 267:Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology 21199:"Tribal Boundaries in Aboriginal Australia" 20252:. Cambridge University Press. p. 153. 19638:"Arthur Phillip: 1788. The Foundation Year" 17781:"A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia" 17410: 17387:. Amsterdam; Atlanta, GA: Editions Rodopi. 17029: 16372: 16190: 16059:"Yolngu are People 2: They're not Clip Art" 15947:"One policy, two camps – the takeover rift" 14907: 14681: 14464: 14059:. Sydney: Allen and Unwin. pp. 1–208. 13414: 12817: 12477: 12465: 12235: 11899: 11433: 11106: 10899: 10537: 9941:Australians Together: Mabo and Native title 9844: 9474:First encounters and frontier conflict 2015 8974: 8483: 8271:Aboriginal Australian Art & Culture n.d 8174: 7778: 6807:surrounded by world media and carrying the 6229: 6162:It has been suggested that this section be 6129:Efforts towards recognition and reparations 5027:Category:Films about Aboriginal Australians 4995:It has been suggested that this section be 3872:, and a further 26,767 both Aboriginal and 2077:List of massacres of Indigenous Australians 1788:of British ships was commanded by Governor 1536:, gunyah, or wurley. Clothing included the 1504:. Shelters varied regionally, and included 1443:, and is now in the Mildura Visitor Centre. 1400:Aboriginal people in some regions lived as 796:. The largest Aboriginal communities – the 272: 38:. For the whole Australian population, see 25652: 25638: 25163:South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council 25148:Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council 24674: 24660: 24412: 24398: 23745: 23731: 23495: 23481: 22725: 22711: 21751: 21737: 21477:"The extinction of the Australian pygmies" 21140: 21070:Australian Blak History Month for Teachers 20863: 20826:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 20605: 20142: 20123:"ABC series The Straits begins production" 19697:"Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia" 19519: 18953:Pardoe, C. (2006). "Becoming Australian". 18550: 18098:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Culture 17583: 17184:"Aboriginal Christians & Christianity" 16294:"Historic day for new indigenous minister" 15970:Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert 15516: 15491:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 15386:"Ethnologue report for language code: ulk" 15384: 14757:. The Centre for 21st Century Humanities, 14737: 14603: 14416: 14278: 13985: 13931:. South Melbourne: Macmillan. p. 75. 13693: 13259:. Government of Queensland. Archived from 13079:"Aboriginal, Indigenous or First Nations?" 12988:"Aboriginal culture one of world's oldest" 12837: 12797: 12737: 12617: 12577: 12549: 12453: 12223: 11738: 11654: 11595: 11418: 11385: 11361: 11325: 10648: 10612: 10585: 10063: 9517: 9094: 9025: 8990:Cook's Journal: Description of New Holland 8857: 8060: 8048: 7772: 7596: 7303: 7110:Repatriation and reburial of human remains 6012:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 5501:became the world number-one ranked female 5092:, about the tragic story of an Aboriginal 4433:Indigenous Australians § Blak culture 4371:A small minority of Aboriginal people are 3842: 3316:In 2001, the Federal Government dedicated 3089:, declaring the previous legal concept of 2778: 2764: 1375: 867: 76:Population distribution by state/territory 23752: 21454: 21444: 21355: 20789: 20677: 20525: 20477:Vines, Gary; Hope, Jeannette (May 1994). 20476: 20200: 20182: 20172: 19594: 19264: 18474:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 18129:"Chickenpox blamed for Aboriginal deaths" 18109: 18072: 17997:Maynard, John; Haskins, Victoria (2016). 17924: 17914: 17871: 17812: 17709: 17688: 17552:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from 17446: 17428: 17146:"Aboriginal history timeline (1770–1899)" 17100: 17050:Kennedy, Brian; Kennedy, Barbara (1992). 16991: 16860: 16777:. Australians Together. 16 September 2020 16585: 16575: 16510: 16354:"The History of the Central Land Council" 16316:. Blackwell Public School. Archived from 16292: 15901: 15881:Gardiner-Garden, John (5 December 2000). 15858:. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin. 15511:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 15328:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from 14514: 14355: 13643:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 13511:"Appeal for Justice: Dhakiyarr Wirrpanda" 13364: 13354: 13319: 13301: 13137:. National Museum Australia. 30 June 2021 13077: 13006:. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 12892:. Australian Government. 6 September 2021 12312: 12175: 12037: 11638:University of New South Wales Law Journal 11265: 11157: 9178: 8884: 8845: 8821: 8211:AHRC: Nulungu Reconciliation Lecture 2014 7737:Aborigine: Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 7458: 7206:Statistics compiled by Ørsted-Jensen for 6706:About 22% of land in Northern Australia ( 6240:List of Indigenous Australian politicians 6055:report. This suggested, based largely on 5968:Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts 5742:Social and cultural determinants such as 5023:Category:Indigenous Australian mass media 4830:Aboriginal lawyer, activist and essayist 4778:teaches acting, music and dance, and the 4772:Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts 4273: 3306:apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples 1090: 710:List of Australian Aboriginal group names 25766:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions 23502: 21128:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre 20850: 20814:. Government of Australia. 12 July 2013. 20351:. Torres Strait Council Regional Council 19793: 19769: 19493: 19474: 19430: 18764:"Victoria passes Aboriginal treaty bill" 18745:Nunn, Gary; Mao, Frances (28 May 2019). 18682:"Noel Pearson's statement on Kevin Rudd" 18605: 18572: 18357:"Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929)" 18354: 18298: 18272: 18091: 17975:Children and War: A Historical Anthology 17618:Australasian Legal Information Institute 17524: 17341: 16952: 16693: 16453: 16269: 16110:"'Are there Black people in Australia?'" 15904:Australia and the origins of agriculture 15631:"First encounters and frontier conflict" 15591:"First Aboriginal politician in NT dies" 14976:"A body in the bush or an urban legend?" 14973: 14402:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 122–138. 14316: 14299: 14262:Brown, Peter James (18 November 2015) . 14074:Bowern, Claire; Harold, K, eds. (2004). 14020: 13907: 13442:"Piltawodli Native Location (1838–1845)" 13417:"The Saltwater People – a picture essay" 13415:Allmon, Ben; Kelly, David (5 May 2018). 13133: 12966: 12525:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2021. 12264: 12151: 12049: 11950: 11551: 11465:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 2019 11349: 11313: 11205: 10824: 10320: 10113:Australians Together: Stolen Generations 10039: 9602: 9485: 9422: 9371: 9335: 9289: 9130: 8657: 8234: 8198: 7871: 7724: 7696: 7369: 6822: 6799: 6429:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory 6351:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory 5458: 5346: 4744:in Aboriginal culture, overlapping with 4683: 4677:player Ŋalkan Munuŋgurr performing with 4669: 4407: 4189: 4146:There are three languages spoken in the 3776: 3332:on behalf of the Australian Government. 3324:reversed Howard's decision and issued a 3293:in consultation with Aboriginal Senator 2941: 2917: 2851: 2092: 2080: 2049: 2006: 1799: 1739: 1422: 1384: 1363: 1258: 1216:, and are most closely related to other 1099: 877: 821: 738:Clan-head of the Kirræ Wuurong peoples, 733: 691: 669: 451: 24885:National Indigenous Human Rights Awards 24757:People from politics and public service 24419: 21540: 20808:"Yirrkala Bark Petitions – 50 Years On" 20649: 20606:Wellington, Shahni (13 November 2019). 20487:"Voice Co-Design Senior Advisory Group" 20382: 20303: 20266: 20247: 20094:(PhD). Australian National University. 20075: 19945: 19926: 19648: 19038: 18909:Aboriginal Australian Art & Culture 18744: 18585: 18370:"Pope John Paul II's Indigenous legacy" 18367: 18212: 18171: 18146: 18126: 17378: 16841: 16713: 16107: 16020: 15998:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15964: 15853: 15712:More or less: democracy & new media 15525: 15519:"Kids play "kick to kick" −1850s style" 15517:Farnsworth, Sarah (21 September 2007). 15268: 14886:Convery, Stephanie (15 December 2021). 14885: 14839: 14795: 14772: 14697: 14372: 14142: 14054: 13926: 13547: 13490: 13115:"Aborigine stitches up role as surgeon" 12336: 12187: 12163: 12001: 11989: 11810: 11786: 11142: 11130: 11094: 10998: 10812: 10744: 10425: 10401: 10374: 10344: 10332: 10124: 10093: 10051: 9967: 9767: 9671: 9606: 9166: 9154: 8833: 8809: 8498: 8222: 8186: 8033: 7835: 7823: 7566: 7493: 7194: 6941:was appointed Governor of the State of 6417:Northern Territory Legislative Assembly 6398:Western Australian Legislative Assembly 5911:National Sorry Day § Close the Gap 5336: 5172:was filmed entirely in dialects of the 4818:, the first Aboriginal published author 4358: 4043: 3052:, in 1975 the federal government under 2146: 2058:'s "Australia's coloured minority" book 1730: 1532:. A bark tent or lean-to is known as a 1460:Along the northern coast of Australia, 918:in the Torres Strait, which the famous 841:are thought to have first crossed into 381:, and possibly the introduction of the 14: 25778: 24683:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders 21758: 21380: 21278: 21231: 21204:. Australian National University Press 21174: 20866:"Aboriginal languages deserve revival" 20778:Human Population Genetics and Genomics 20747: 20658: 20626:Wild, Rex; Anderson, Patricia (2007). 20217: 19701:The Centre for 21st Century Humanities 19479:. Sydney: NewSouth. pp. 121–134. 19454: 19011: 18992: 18973: 18952: 18923: 18704: 18621: 18508: 18462: 18334: 18281: 18053:The American Journal of Human Genetics 17971: 17949: 17728: 17568: 17401: 17221: 17201: 17181: 17168: 17143: 16972:The American Journal of Human Genetics 16953:Karvelas, Patricia (20 January 2012). 16823:"The International Rugby Hall of Fame" 16775:"Indigenous disadvantage in Australia" 16755:"Indigenous Coordination Centre (ICC)" 16753: 16527: 16490: 16470: 16170: 16153: 16133: 16120: 16077:Greg Gardiner, Eleanor Bourke (2002). 16056: 15944: 15032:Darian-Smith, Kate (26 January 2017). 14919: 14866: 14819: 14717: 14442:The Centre for 21st Century Humanities 14233: 14034: 13808: 12565: 12288: 12064: 11822: 11726: 11515: 11070: 11034: 11022: 10887: 10872: 10597: 10233: 10163: 10003: 9707: 9618: 9590: 9575: 9509: 9395: 9359: 9347: 9253: 9242:Spooner, Firman & Yalmambirra 2013 9217: 9205: 9052: 9040: 8938: 8896: 8794: 8534: 8393: 8318: 8306: 8246: 8009: 7994: 7946: 7657: 7630: 7384: 7277: 7159: 6746:declared independence from Australia. 6688:Native title, sovereignty and treaties 6504:initially supported the idea; however 5927:(standardised school testing) measures 5888:National Indigenous Australians Agency 5868:than non-Indigenous people in 2012–3. 5692:National Indigenous Australians Agency 5660:and lack of political representation. 5599: 5584:in Australian rules football, and the 5064:), and the first to be entered at the 4977: 4968:Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages 4560:in Australia is comparable to that of 4205: 3046:native title existed in Australian law 2899:Torres Strait Light Infantry Battalion 623:. For Deacon's 2004 exhibition at the 25633: 24655: 24393: 23726: 23476: 22880:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei) 22706: 21732: 21281:"Aboriginal people and granite domes" 21143:"Kava ban 'sparks black market boom'" 20864:Zuckermann, Ghilad (26 August 2009). 20762: 20585: 20545: 20334: 20120: 19931:. London: Routledge. pp. 33–34. 19635: 19394: 19191: 19178: 19112: 18882:O'Sullivan, Dominic (20 March 2017). 18781: 18761: 18667: 18449: 18404: 18195:"What's wrong with this street sign?" 18192: 17766:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 17757: 17504: 17487: 17241: 17008: 16473:"AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia" 16412: 16210: 16158:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 16037: 15843: 15834: 15825: 15816: 15807: 15763: 15732: 15682: 15568: 15419: 15400: 15184: 15163: 15145:"Disproportionate incarceration rate" 15134: 15112:"Defence, Discrimination and Regrets" 15018: 14465:Chrysanthos, Natassia (26 May 2019). 14393: 14261: 14161:"Bringing them home education module" 14145:"The History of Apologies Down Under" 13460: 13439: 12785:from the original on 19 February 2011 12433: 12324: 12127: 12088: 12025: 12013: 11935: 11834: 11798: 11527: 11289: 11181: 11169: 11058: 10836: 10732: 10696: 10672: 10660: 10209: 10136: 10078: 9980:Civics and Citizenship Education 2005 9856: 9513: 9497: 9383: 9265: 9064: 8950: 8911: 8777: 8453: 8429: 8294: 8138: 7982: 7934: 7919: 7709:Bringing them Home: "Chapter 13" 1997 7645: 7532: 6866:became a painter, and actors such as 6206:collects 1800 signatures to petition 6166:out into another article titled 6019:, but within communities as a whole. 4999:out into another article titled 4292: 3252:Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation 3217:people who were living a traditional 3203:at the Games. In 2019, tennis player 2819: 1183:Aboriginal Australians § Origins 1095: 1082:Aboriginal Australians § Origins 527:relating to geographic area (such as 24865:Literature of Indigenous Australians 24620:For other topics including Oceanian 23013:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands 21562: 20771: 20702: 20678:Wiltshire, Kelly (27 October 2017). 20507:"A voice for Indigenous Australians" 20318:Australian National University Press 20283: 20043: 19967: 19694: 19668: 19611: 19281: 18808: 18273:Melville, Kirsti (25 October 2016). 18251: 17760:"Treasure Trove: Bennelong's letter" 17724:from the original on 15 August 2022. 17612: 17261: 17074:"UN rapporteur raps NT intervention" 17072:Kirk, Alexandra (24 February 2010). 17071: 17011:"From Little Things Big Things Grow" 16695:"Indigenous Australian ethnic group" 16645: 16625: 16602: 16025:. Canberra: Parliament of Australian 15200: 14974:Cronshaw, Damon (23 February 2018). 14563: 14458:"Chapter 13. Grounds for Reparation" 14438:"Centre For 21st Century Humanities" 13848: 13795: 13109:. Merriam-Webster. 27 February 2024. 13002: 12948:. Lonely Planet Publications. 2001. 12904: 12773: 12713: 12693: 12669: 12467:"1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2005" 12455:"1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2002" 12276: 12076: 11762: 11751:Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle 2007 11690: 11503: 11492:ABS 3302.0.55.003 – Life Tables 2009 11445: 10950: 10783: 10471: 10459: 10440: 10413: 10359: 10221: 10193:Northern Territory Consolidated Acts 9991: 9868: 9731: 9529: 9142: 9079: 8962: 8926: 8582: 8330: 8072: 7811: 7417: 7290: 7171: 7095:List of Indigenous Australian firsts 6937:), Aboriginal rights campaigner Sir 6749:Unlike in other parts of the former 6573:2019: Indigenous voice to government 6384:has had an Aboriginal Governor, Sir 6148: 4981: 4549:are between 5000 and 200 years old. 4198:by 19th century Indigenous activist 4058:Australian Aboriginal sign languages 3300:On 13 February 2008, Prime Minister 3108:as a Senator for Queensland for the 2913: 2814:acts of their respective parliaments 1380: 665: 21714:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 21693:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 21238:. I. B. Tauris. p. 344 n.105. 21170:from the original on 11 April 2020. 20772:Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022). 20405: 20079:Masked Corroborees of the Northwest 20025:"The spread of people to Australia" 20006:"The spread of people to Australia" 19312: 19063: 18814:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 18711:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 18573:Neubauer, Ian Lloyd (30 May 2013). 17321: 17119: 17082:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 17058: 16631:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 16528:Howden, Saffron (2 November 2015). 16332: 16235:Barani: Sydney's Aboriginal History 16154:Hawley, Samantha (28 August 2009). 16121:Harman, Kristyn (17 January 2018). 15609: 15364: 15344: 15269:Dunstan, Joseph (5 November 2019). 15135:Moses, A. Dirk (1 September 2017). 15110: 14583: 14266:. peterbrown-palaeoanthropology.net 14143:Brennan, Frank (21 February 2008). 13783:. University of Sydney. 31 May 2005 13773: 13548:Arcioni, Elisa (1 September 2012). 13223: 13057: 13041: 12994:. 23 September 2011. Archived from 12940: 12876: 12757: 12497: 12402: 12390: 12247: 11923: 11911: 11678: 11619: 11046: 10522: 10498: 10308: 10296: 10245: 10151: 9696:Bringing them home education module 9462:Colonial frontier massacres – C21CH 9323: 8741: 8510: 8090:Places – Torres Strait Islands 2005 7551: 7411: 7357: 7054:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 7039:Aboriginal sites of New South Wales 6698:Aboriginal land rights in Australia 6589:Minister for Indigenous Australians 6498:1999 Australian republic referendum 6324:Australian House of Representatives 6144: 5849:, the use of illegal drugs such as 4709:, who recorded Aboriginal music in 3588: 3339:Emergency Response/Stronger Futures 3185:Australia national rugby union team 3158:Australian House of Representatives 3142:Australian House of Representatives 2955:Indigenous land rights in Australia 2429:United Nations Declaration (UNDRIP) 768:(or Koorie) in New South Wales and 596: 558:'s book from the time was entitled 24: 25046:Aborigines Progressive Association 23959:Austral Islands (French Polynesia) 21613:Australian Human Rights Commission 21164:Australian Human Rights Commission 21025:"Chapter 10: Indigenous education" 20912: 20821:Youth justice in Australia 2016–17 20566:Warren, Christopher (March 2014). 20526:Wahlquist, Calla (30 April 2018). 20445:. Australian Parliamentary Library 20049:Australian Human Rights Commission 19794:Simmonds, Alecia (28 April 2015). 19695:Ryan, Lyndall (30 December 2021). 19642:Australian Dictionary of Biography 18730:Australian Human Rights Commission 18688:. 23 November 2007. Archived from 18361:Australian Dictionary of Biography 17710:Maddox, Garry; AAP (29 May 2006). 17703:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1986.tb00126.x 17550:"Indigenous Australian servicemen" 17547: 16861:Jeuniewic, Lexie (11 April 2022). 16699:2018 Census ethnic group summaries 16651:Australian Human Rights Commission 16374:"History of the Didgeridoo Yidaki" 16211:Heath, Jeffrey G. (20 June 2017). 16108:Guantai, Natasha (10 March 2015). 15785:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2001.tb00490.x 15469:Australian Human Rights Commission 15100:"Death forms undermine promises". 15059:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2004.tb00564.x 14913:Australian Dictionary of Biography 14820:Condon, Matthew (7 October 2011). 14569:Australian Human Rights Commission 14165:Australian Human Rights Commission 13802:Australian Dictionary of Biography 13151:"Aborigines want remains returned" 9743: 7049:Australian Aboriginal sacred sites 6764:South West Native Title Settlement 6219:Aborigines Progressive Association 6082: 6065:Australian Human Rights Commission 5832: 5784: 5604: 5206:actors. The documentary TV series 4517:Torres Strait Islanders § Art 4375:as a result of intermarriage with 3430:was ultimately abandoned in 2013. 3199:in Sydney, and went on to win the 2998:From Little Things Big Things Grow 2905:, which were established to guard 1488:, spears (sometimes thrown with a 1472:In terms of aquaculture, explorer 1112:and his crew on the shores of the 1014: 660: 25: 25802: 21577: 21119: 20586:Welch, Dylan (13 February 2008). 20429:from the original on 6 March 2019 19733:"Saltwater people, saltwater art" 19649:Rurenga, Declan (9 August 2017). 19402:. 19 January 2012. Archived from 18463:Murphy, Sean (17 November 2017). 18368:Mundine, Graeme (17 April 2005). 18193:McMah, Lauren (2 February 2016). 18001:. National Library of Australia. 17571:"Pila Nguru: The Spinifex People" 17342:Latimore, Jack (30 August 2021). 17030:Kelsey-Sugg, Anna (6 July 2022). 16376:. Aboriginal Arts. Archived from 16213:"Australian Aboriginal languages" 16171:Haydar, Nour (7 September 2021). 16084:. People and Place Volume 8 No 2 15972:. Allen Lane, The Penguin Press. 13517:. 20 October 2004. Archived from 7471:Reconciliation Australia (2021). 6878:became well known. Bands such as 5696:Council of Australian Governments 4865:Legendary Tales of the Aborigines 4477:artist Glen Namundja painting at 4432: 4347:taught only in English, and some 4185: 3239: 2877:1934 saw the first appeal to the 1816:British colonisation of Australia 1548:(pearl shells) in the northeast. 1068:History of Indigenous Australians 640:to "de-weaponise the term 'black 25743: 25728: 25713: 25698: 25683: 23413:World Invitational Hula Festival 21045:"IMAGE: Indigenous language map" 20652:Proceedings of the Royal Society 20443:"Uluru Statement: a quick guide" 20423:"Uluru Statement from the Heart" 20335:Torre, Giovanni (6 March 2022). 19770:Sentance, Nathan (26 May 2020). 19199:from the original on 5 July 2011 19179:Pratt, Angela (11 August 2003). 19140:"Places – Torres Strait Islands" 19051:from the original on 5 June 2019 19039:Pearson, Luke (10 August 2017). 18726:"Nulungu Reconciliation Lecture" 18510:National Drug Strategy 2017–2026 17304:"Language and Terminology Guide" 17222:Korff, Jens (3 December 2021a). 17144:Korff, Jens (21 January 2018a). 17009:Kelly, Paul (1 September 2010). 16733: 16192:"Healthy People Healthy Country" 16021:Gobbett, Hannah (11 July 2017). 15945:Gibson, Joel (27 October 2007). 15550:"Festival de Cannes: Ten Canoes" 15505: 14986:from the original on 30 May 2019 13654:"Australian Aboriginal cultures" 13636: 13446:German missionaries in Australia 13026:. Museum of Australian Democracy 13018: 12675:Australian Law Reform Commission 11865: 11840: 11625: 11374:Ellender & Christiansen 2001 10986: 10562:ABS: Census over/undercount 2021 10181: 9892: 9535: 8995: 8983: 7332: 7319: 7309: 7296: 7283: 7269: 7249: 7221: 7200: 7187: 7012: 6998: 6790:Prominent Indigenous Australians 6702:Indigenous treaties in Australia 6543:, and Leader of the Opposition, 6312:2010 Australian Federal Election 6153: 6005:Indigenous Australians and crime 5796: 4986: 4823: 4808: 4800:Indigenous Australian literature 4487: 4467: 4446: 4313:Hermannsburg, Northern Territory 4026: 4013: 4000: 3987: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3773:Inclusion in the national Census 3758: 3744: 3730: 3716: 3160:. She was immediately appointed 3116:was established on the steps of 3081:Aboriginal people. In 1992, the 2219: 1795: 1735: 1191: 1002: 990: 978: 966: 954: 942: 930: 25786:Indigenous peoples of Australia 25384:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976 22933:Australian Aboriginal astronomy 21027:. MCEETYA. 2004. Archived from 20121:Swift, Brendan (14 June 2011). 19946:Spinney, Angela (4 July 2016). 19438:. 2 August 2019. Archived from 19164:Australian Bureau of Statistics 18851:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.022 18111:10.17082/j.2205-3239.10.2016-02 17758:Maher, Louise (8 August 2013). 17713:"Canoes set Cannes jury afloat" 17417:Molecular Biology and Evolution 17327:Australian Bureau of Statistics 17013:. paulkelly.com. Archived from 16134:Harper, Fiona (15 March 2017). 15932:. Kooriweb.org. 26 January 1938 15637: 15528:"Chapter 1. Research Framework" 15370:Australian Bureau of Statistics 15350:Australian Bureau of Statistics 15324: 14871:. University of WA Publishing. 14436: 14422:Australian Bureau of Statistics 14035:Boehme, Jacob (24 April 2017). 14021:Bleakley, John William (1929). 13679:Australian Electoral Commission 13624:Australian Bureau of Statistics 13543:– via ipswich.gld.gov.au. 13532:. General Information Folio 5. 13255: 13229:Australian Bureau of Statistics 13049:. 7 August 2012. Archived from 12910:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12843:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12823:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12803:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12779:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12743:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12721:. 12 July 2005b. Archived from 12719:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12655:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12587:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12571:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12535:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12499:"2020 Summiteer Dr Kelvin Kong" 12483:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12471:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12459:Australian Bureau of Statistics 9791: 9449: 9306: 7784: 7602: 7430:Australian Bureau of Statistics 7177: 7165: 7152: 7143: 7133: 6796:Lists of Indigenous Australians 6468:Indigenous Coordination Centres 5941:and have lower completion rates 5866:abstain completely from alcohol 5567:National Basketball Association 4920:; playwright and comedy writer 4556:In terms of age and abundance, 4543:Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park 4112:, the name comes from the word 4054:Australian Aboriginal languages 3902:Indigenous Australians by state 3837:Australian Bureau of Statistics 3701: 3311: 3195:at the opening ceremony of the 3187:. In 2000, Aboriginal sprinter 2847:Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 1748:'s illustrator Sidney Parkinson 1520:sheets and raised platforms in 1305:Aboriginal Australian men have 1234:Ancient Ancestral South Indians 1050:, (the latter referring to the 839:Tasmanian Aboriginal population 696:Men and boys playing a game of 231:Australian Aboriginal languages 25596:Uluru Statement from the Heart 25013:Torres Strait Island languages 24440:Federated States of Micronesia 24323:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi) 24014:Federated States of Micronesia 23773:Federated States of Micronesia 23523:Federated States of Micronesia 23018:Federated States of Micronesia 20851:Zaunmayr, Tom (23 July 2022). 18974:Pascoe, Bruce (1 April 2007). 18875:Australian National University 18282:Mercer, Phil (31 March 2003). 18172:McKenna, Mark (4 April 2000). 18147:McIlroy, Tom (19 April 2015). 18127:McIlroy, Tom (8 August 2013). 18092:McGregor, R. (December 2016). 17731:The Journal of British Studies 17569:Loxley, Anne (3 August 2002). 17488:Lloyd, Brian (18 March 2009). 17244:"Domestic and family violence" 17182:Korff, Jens (29 April 2019b). 16671:"Indigenous Australia: Family" 16454:Horn, Allyson (24 June 2019). 16057:Graves, Randin (2 June 2017). 15994:The Life and Death of Smallpox 15424:. Cambridge University Press. 15190:National Archives of Australia 15170:. Cambridge University Press. 15167:The Rise and Fall of Languages 14741:. National Museum of Australia 14685:. National Museum of Australia 14669:. National Museum of Australia 14467:"What is the Uluru statement?" 14323:. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne UP. 13798:"Dampier, William (1651–1715)" 13515:National Archives of Australia 13257:"About the reparations scheme" 13107:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 12677:. 28 July 2010. Archived from 10285:Uluru Statement: a quick guide 10273:Uluru Statement from the Heart 9004:; National Museum of Australia 9002:Cook's Journal: 29 April, 1770 8992:; National Museum of Australia 7685:Evans & Ørsted-Jensen 2014 7464: 6579:Indigenous voice to government 6550:Uluru Statement from the Heart 6450:Federal government initiatives 6236:Uluru Statement from the Heart 6169:Indigenous Australian politics 5738:Indigenous health in Australia 5582:Indigenous Team of the Century 4383:Torres Strait Islander peoples 4262:Traditional healers (known as 4142:Torres Strait Island languages 4136:Torres Strait Island languages 3849:Australian Aboriginal identity 3608:Australian Aboriginal identity 3436:Uluru Statement from the Heart 3409:Constitutional change proposed 1818:began with the arrival of the 541:Australian Aboriginal identity 535:Terms "Black" and "Blackfella" 447: 71:3.2% of Australia's population 13: 1: 25061:Australian Aborigines' League 25041:Aborigines Advancement League 24958:Australian Aboriginal English 22734:Culture of indigenous Oceania 21218:National Library of Australia 21175:Perche, Diana (10 May 2019). 21098:Crime and Jusstice Statistics 20748:Wright, Tony (20 July 2017). 19856:10.1016/S0047-2484(03)00106-4 19636:Moyal, Ann (21 August 2017). 19534:10.1080/14623528.2016.1120466 18705:Norman, Jane (22 July 2016). 18668:Nicol, Emily (6 March 2022). 18405:Munro, Kate L. (7 May 2020). 17950:Marcus, S (3 November 2016). 17620:. 3 June 1992. Archived from 17262:Lack, Clem Llewellyn (1963). 17202:Korff, Jens (29 July 2021b). 17169:Korff, Jens (17 July 2018b). 17121:"Kong Family – Koori doctors" 17059:Ker, Peter (23 August 2010). 16334:"History of Indigenous wages" 16231:"Aboriginal People and Place" 16194:. EnviroNorth. Archived from 15287:"Education | Closing the Gap" 15106:. No. 157. 10 July 2008. 14934:10.1126/science.292.5522.1655 14698:Collard, Sarah (5 May 2022). 14585:"Closing the Gap Report 2018" 13897:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00058-0 11963:ABC: death of Tungutalum 2009 11715:ALRC: incarceration rate 2018 11632:Partlett, David (1977–1978). 11083:Dunbar-Hall & Gibson 2000 9438:University of Newcastle 2017b 9107:Heiss & Melodie-Jane 2013 8523:Davidson & Wahlquist 2017 6935:Australian Federal Parliament 6744:Sovereign Yidindji Government 6332:Western Australian Parliament 6075:" ("The Intervention" by the 6043:Northern Territory Government 5973: 5491:accompanied them to England. 5463:Aboriginal cricket team with 4793: 4763:and other mainstream styles. 4666:Indigenous dance of Australia 4662:Indigenous music of Australia 4635:National Gallery of Australia 4613: 4501:National Gallery of Australia 4427:Australian Aboriginal culture 4210: 4120:Cross-cultural communications 4050:Australian Aboriginal English 3906: 3786: 3601: 3451: 3236:(ATSIC), was set up in 1990. 3207:was ranked world number one. 2865: 2196:1871–1969: Stolen Generations 1389:Aboriginal Australians, from 1335:Indigenous peoples of Oceania 739: 679: 674:A group of Aboriginal men in 472: 403:Australian Aboriginal English 220:Australian Aboriginal English 25101:National Reconciliation Week 24162:Oceanian legendary creatures 22927: 21563:Tatz, Colin (14 July 1999). 21158:Oscar, June (8 April 2020). 20612:Special Broadcasting Service 20459:"Uluru-Kata Tjuta: Rock art" 19676:(2nd ed.). Crows Nest: 19631:. 4708.0 – Occasional Paper. 19522:Journal of Genocide Research 19384:Anglican Church of Australia 18858:O'Sullivan, Dominic (n.d.). 18789:(Interview). Interviewed by 18417:Special Broadcasting Service 17850:(13 October 2016): 201–206. 17404:Axis Rule in Occupied Europe 16653:. 2 May 2018. Archived from 16038:Gough, Myles (11 May 2011). 15639:"First Peoples of Australia" 15139:. ABC Religion & Ethics. 15019:Daley, Paul (15 July 2014). 14185:Australian Capital Territory 13849:Bird, Dylan (6 April 2011). 13699:National Museum of Australia 13343:Genome Biology and Evolution 13047:Special Broadcasting Service 12212:Ministers Media Centre 2019b 12200:Ministers Media Centre 2019a 11579:Ministers Media Centre 2019c 10550:ABS: population summary 2022 7345: 7034:Aboriginal deaths in custody 6583:In May 2019, Prime Minister 5900: 5702:families, children and youth 4759:as well as participating in 4736:were used across Australia. 4154:, a language related to the 4038: 3659:because he was an Aborigine. 3266:was launched in 1995 by the 3006:Queensland Council of Unions 2025:Aboriginal Protection Boards 1849:The first settlement in the 1169:has suggested habitation in 831:Group of Natives of Tasmania 788:off Northern Territory; and 619:, in an exhibition entitled 367:Mungo Man LM3 and Mungo Lady 177:Australian Capital Territory 7: 25153:NSW Aboriginal Land Council 25091:Registered Aboriginal Party 25076:National Indigenous Council 24963:Macro-Gunwinyguan languages 24642:Category:Culture of Oceania 21475:; Gillin, Tim (June 2002). 21197:Tindale, Norman B. (1974). 20763:Wynne, Emma (30 May 2018). 20076:Sweeney, Dominique (2008). 19494:Richards, Jonathan (2014). 19067:. BBC News. 24 August 2015. 18873:on 19 May 2013 – via 18229:10.1080/0043824042000185757 17505:Lloyd, J (5 January 2011). 17242:Korff, Jens (16 May 2022). 16735:"The Indigenous Collection" 16603:Hugo, Graeme (March 2012). 15663:. June 2013. Archived from 14606:Closing the Gap Report 2019 14000:Blandowski, W. von (1862). 13719:"Australian Indigenous art" 13471:. un.org.au. Archived from 13135:"Aborigines Protection Act" 11540:Australian Government 2006b 10189:"Police Administration Act" 9119:Blackwell Public School n.d 6991: 6892:Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu 6616:, Associate Provost at the 6527:to consider changes to the 6496:to the Constitution in the 6488:, the then Prime Minister, 6188: 5980:2018 Closing the Gap Report 5960:Closing the Gap Report 2019 5572:Sporting teams include the 5521:, World Championships, and 5343:Indigenous Australian sport 4628:Western Desert Art Movement 4259:and looking after country. 4116:meaning "a camping place". 3626:removed from their families 3357:report into allegations of 3246:Reconciliation in Australia 2434:GRATK Anti-Biopiracy Treaty 2067:Frontier wars and massacres 1707:Torres Strait Island people 1212:population wave during the 1176: 1139:from the skeleton known as 466:Torres Strait Islander flag 356:Torres Strait Islander flag 10: 25807: 25531:Constitutional recognition 25400:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars 25036:Aboriginal Medical Service 24244:Chatham Islander (Moriori 23142:Weriyeng navigation school 21701:"Indigenous Law Resources" 21375:Supplementary Figs. 7–11). 21340:10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6 20721:10.1177/1037969X1203700303 20271:. reCollections.nma.gov.au 19836:Journal of Human Evolution 18831:Quaternary Science Reviews 18390:"Mungo Lady and Mungo Man" 18316:"Modern Australian poetry" 18284:"Aborigines turn to Islam" 18065:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.008 16440:Indigenous Desert Alliance 16395:"Australia's First Treaty" 16229:; Melodie-Jane, G (2013). 15902:Gerritsen, Rupert (2008). 15692:University of Hawaii Press 14080:. Sydney: John Benjamins. 13927:Blainey, Geoffrey (1980). 13877:Quaternary Science Reviews 12583:Australian National Census 12426: 11011:Aboriginal Art Online 2008 10709:Kennedy & Kennedy 1992 10176:McCallum & Waller 2012 9917:Lawford & Zillman 2016 9278:Terzon & Robinson 2018 9230:Maynard & Haskins 2016 9014:Higgins & Collard 2020 8619:ICommunity Newsletter 2012 8571:Culotta & Gibbons 2016 8283:Indigenous Desert Alliance 7582:Kennedy & Kennedy 1992 7216:A Study in Black and White 7208:Frontier History Revisited 7074:Customary law in Australia 6793: 6691: 6576: 6233: 6086: 6069:Social Justice Report 2008 6052:Little Children are Sacred 6002: 5950:courses. According to the 5904: 5886:(UQ), commissioned by the 5735: 5608: 5517:earned gold medals in the 5434:Australian Football League 5340: 5329: 5325: 5216:up to contemporary times. 5180:Special Jury Prize at the 5081:Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith 5020: 4797: 4688:Aboriginal dancers in 1981 4659: 4573:figurative style found in 4514: 4508: 4454:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 4430: 4424: 4420: 4323:. The German missionaries 4296: 4277: 4214: 4139: 4047: 3852: 3846: 3705: 3605: 3354:Little Children are Sacred 3289:drafted by Prime Minister 3243: 3034:In the controversial 1971 3004:, under pressure from the 2952: 2789: 2286:Governmental organizations 2070: 1983:craniofacial anthropometry 1180: 1079: 1065: 1061: 1018: 871: 703: 625:Museum of Contemporary Art 600: 538: 458:Australian Aboriginal flag 352:Australian Aboriginal flag 29: 25762: 25675: 25518: 25373: 25283: 25180: 25021: 24943: 24925:Traditional custodianship 24785: 24737: 24689: 24618: 24531: 24508: 24427: 24386: 24216: 24195: 24114: 23951: 23864: 23841: 23760: 23717: 23701: 23614: 23591: 23510: 23469: 23460: 23382: 23256: 23153: 22986:traditions and ceremonies 22918: 22867: 22747: 22740: 22657: 22555: 22425: 22416: 22307: 22298: 22245: 22121:Intelligence and security 22047: 22038: 22006: 21911: 21902: 21837: 21779: 21770: 21681:National Indigenous Times 21598:Resources in your library 21294:: 173–179. Archived from 20755:The Sydney Morning Herald 20592:The Sydney Morning Herald 19927:Spencer, Stephen (2006). 19800:The Sydney Morning Herald 19674:The Aboriginal Tasmanians 18302:. ABC News. 13 March 2013 18264:(1): 1–22. Archived from 17980:New York University Press 17972:Marten, James A. (2002). 17957:The Sydney Morning Herald 17718:The Sydney Morning Herald 17576:The Sydney Morning Herald 17511:The Sydney Morning Herald 17348:The Sydney Morning Herald 17204:"Aboriginal prison rates" 17065:The Sydney Morning Herald 17054:. Hodder & Stoughton. 16471:Horton, David R. (1996). 15951:The Sydney Morning Herald 15254:10.1080/03007760008591767 15242:Popular Music and Society 15103:National Indigenous Times 14909:"Cook, James (1728–1779)" 14471:The Sydney Morning Herald 14444:. University of Newcastle 14373:Carmody (7 August 2013). 14055:Bottoms, Timothy (2013). 13856:The Sydney Morning Herald 13816:. University of Barcelona 13119:The Sydney Morning Herald 12416:The Sydney Morning Herald 12301:Hobbs & Williams 2018 12140:ALII: Summary report 2012 11478:National Indigenous Times 10760:WVA – 8 interesting facts 10637:AIATSIS & FATSIL 2005 9953:AIATSIS: Land Rights 2015 7749:Australians Together 2020 7255:In its submission to the 7084:Indigenous Protected Area 6774:, however, following the 6694:Native title in Australia 6462:government. In 2004, the 5731: 5686:The federal government's 5481:Australian rules football 5430:Australian rules football 5182:2006 Cannes Film Festival 4928:; and in popular fiction 4656:Music, dance and ceremony 4511:Indigenous Australian art 4393:London Missionary Society 3657:Returned Servicemens Club 3095:native title in Australia 3015:called by Prime Minister 2946:Australian tennis player 2622:Indigenous decolonization 2442:NGOs and political groups 1991:Royal Society of Tasmania 1923: 1871:colony of New South Wales 1844:Colony of South Australia 1807:people at the signing of 1591: 1586: 1583: 1439:. It was identified near 1214:Initial Upper Paleolithic 287: 282: 250: 245: 240:Australian Kriol language 209: 204: 188: 175: 162: 149: 136: 123: 110: 97: 84: 80: 75: 64: 59: 25390:Australian Frontier Wars 25096:Reconciliation Australia 24591:Northern Mariana Islands 24046:Northern Mariana Islands 23924:Northern Mariana Islands 23674:Northern Mariana Islands 23445:Festival of Pacific Arts 21126:Bininj Kunwok Dictionary 19475:Reynolds, Henry (2013). 19134:. ABC. 10 February 2009. 19016:. Melbourne: Scribe US. 18355:Mulvaney, D. J. (1990). 18018:"Failed state of health" 17787:(Submitted manuscript). 17402:Lemkin, Raphael (1944). 16491:Horton, Jessica (2015). 15906:. Oxford: Archaeopress. 15401:Evans, Nicholas (2003). 15164:Dixon, R. M. W. (1997). 14840:Connell, Rachel (1998). 14541:"Classified Advertising" 14394:Casey, Maryrose (2009). 13560:(3). Canberra: 287–315. 13382:AIATSIS; FATSIL (2005). 12349:Costa & Dunstan 2019 11254:ASO – Rabbit-Proof Fence 11194:Modern Australian poetry 11119:Common Ground: Songlines 10772:Traditional Healers 2013 10685:Bowern & Harold 2004 9881:Fogarty & Dwyer 2012 9804:NMoA – indigenous rights 7908:Munro & McLisky 2004 7673:Glynn & Jenifer 2004 7126: 6957:'s part in the landmark 6597:Second Morrison Ministry 6587:created the position of 6433:the year of its creation 6248:Under Section 41 of the 6230:Political representation 6100:intergenerational trauma 5998: 5937:Are underrepresented in 5884:University of Queensland 5825:and suicide amongst the 5529:earned a world title in 5469:Melbourne Cricket Ground 5300:The third series of the 5145:and David Gulpilil; and 5078:to cinematic audiences. 4257:kinship responsibilities 3636:government agencies and 3287:Motion of Reconciliation 3146:general election of 2016 3130:general election of 2010 2928:Albert Namatjira Gallery 2808:government agencies and 2455:Amazon Conservation Team 2187:to protest the state of 2097:Aboriginal prisoners on 2073:Australian frontier wars 2021:Protectors of Aborigines 1869:, claiming them for the 1853:was built after Captain 25442:Australian history wars 25303:Contemporary visual art 24719:Torres Strait Islanders 24556:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 23889:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 23639:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 23408:Merrie Monarch Festival 21663:. Australian Government 21446:10.1073/pnas.1323666111 21381:Huxley, Thomas (1870). 20791:10.47248/hpgg2202010001 20709:Alternative Law Journal 20659:Wilson, Ronald (1997). 20588:"Kevin Rudd says sorry" 20546:Walsh, Michael (1997), 20390:[1934] HCA 49 20349:"Torres Strait history" 20305:Tindale, Norman Barnett 20267:Thorley, Peter (2006). 19772:"Genocide in Australia" 19587:10.1111/1753-6405.12084 19424:21 October 2020 at the 19341:Indigenous Law Bulletin 19257:10.1126/science.1211177 18609:. ABC News. 5 July 2017 17916:10.1073/pnas.1211927110 17666:10.1126/science.1109792 17598:"Mabo and Native Title" 17379:Lehmann, Petra (1997). 16577:10.1073/pnas.0702928104 16218:Encyclopædia Britannica 15422:A History of Queensland 15420:Evans, Raymond (2007). 14847:Indigenous Law Bulletin 14781:[1983] HCA 21 14775:Commonwealth v Tasmania 14759:University of Newcastle 14317:Campbell, Judy (2007). 13037:PDF of original version 13024:Documenting A Democracy 11703:AIHW Youth Justice 2018 11278:Festival de Cannes 2006 11218:Festival de Cannes 2011 10721:Zuckermann; et al. 2015 10028:Rugby Hall of Fame 2007 9756:NAA Uncommon Lives 2004 9684:FOCUS Asia-Pacific 1997 8607:Aghakhanian et al. 2015 8484:Lipson & Reich 2017 8175:Allmon & Kelly 2018 8127:Art Gallery of NSW 2014 7860:ANZSOG: Karla Grant n.d 7848:NITV: Living Black 2015 7212:Our Original Aggression 6898:is commemorated on the 6784:First Peoples' Assembly 6618:University of Melbourne 6529:Australian Constitution 6275:(Democrat, 1999–2005), 6250:Australian Constitution 6017:criminal justice system 5870:Foetal alcohol syndrome 5594:Murri Rugby League Team 5553:captained Australia in 5545:captained Australia in 4850:Yirrkala bark petitions 4757:sub-genre of rock music 3874:Torres Strait Islanders 3843:Distribution and growth 3708:Demography of Australia 3670:Commonwealth v Tasmania 3665:High Court of Australia 3391:Stronger Futures policy 3169:Evonne Goolagong Cawley 3114:Aboriginal Tent Embassy 3083:High Court of Australia 2181:Aboriginal Tent Embassy 2108:University of Newcastle 2087:Waterloo Creek massacre 1998:Rockhampton, Queensland 1857:took possession of the 1376:Before European contact 1072:Prehistory of Australia 874:Torres Strait Islanders 868:Torres Strait Islanders 321:Torres Strait Islanders 36:Torres Strait Islanders 25138:Kimberley Land Council 24988:Pama–Nyungan languages 24978:Loanwords into English 24895:Religion and mythology 24848:Torres Strait Islander 24699:Aboriginal Australians 24368:Torres Strait Islander 23754:Literature of Oceania 23110:Micronesian Navigation 22515:Indigenous Australians 22016:States and territories 21589:Indigenous Australians 21541:Protsyk, Oleh (2010). 21279:Bindon, P. A. (1997). 21017:Rare Historical Photos 20892:; et al. (2015). 20511:Ministers Media Centre 20491:Ministers Media Centre 20425:. Referendum Council. 20218:Taylor, Rebe (2008) . 20100:10.25911/5D51468201AAE 19808:"Sir Douglas Nicholls" 19741:. 2014. Archived from 19386:. 2005. Archived from 19098:Ministers Media Centre 19012:Pascoe, Bruce (2018). 18993:Pascoe, Bruce (2015). 18967:10.3828/bfarm.2006.1.4 17691:Archaeology in Oceania 17600:. Australians Together 17465:"Living with the Past" 17052:Australian Place Names 16842:Jaensch, Dean (1994). 16803:"INSPIRE: Kelvin Kong" 16677:. 2004. Archived from 16512:10.22459/AH.39.2015.10 16413:Hodge, Robert (1990). 15854:Gammage, Bill (2011). 15773:Archaeology in Oceania 15764:Forum (October 2001). 15575:. Ashgate Publishing. 15534:. Terra australis 43. 15047:Archaeology in Oceania 14803:. 2014. Archived from 13761:. Australians Together 13183:. 2012. Archived from 12932:. 2008. Archived from 12863:World Vision Australia 10975:Australian Museum 2011 10963:ABC – Pilbara Rock Art 9929:AIATSIS: handback 2015 9720:Australian Museum 2004 9645:indigenous.gov.au 2013 9518:Rogers & Bain 2016 9026:Kim & Stephen 2020 8355:Malaspinas et al. 2016 8259:Tourism Australia 2020 8115:ABS: TableBuilder 2021 7896:Blak History Month n.d 7327:Rosenstock et al. 2013 7029:Aboriginal Australians 6836: 6820: 6780:Parliament of Victoria 6610:University of Canberra 6502:Australian Labor Party 6271:(Liberal, 1971–1983), 5669:2016 Australian Census 5477:toured England in 1868 5472: 5454:Australian of the Year 5452:. Goodes was also the 5364: 5351:1857 depiction of the 5100:'s 1977 mystery drama 4780:Bangarra Dance Theatre 4728:(such as the Yolngu). 4702:ceremonial observances 4689: 4681: 4547:Sydney rock engravings 4437: 4377:"Afghan" camel drivers 4274:Torres Strait Islander 4202: 4156:Pama–Nyungan languages 4072:Pama–Nyungan languages 3878:2021 Australian census 3870:Torres Strait Islander 3792: 3661: 3403:Emergency Response Act 3183:became captain of the 3154:Australian Labor Party 3068:traditional occupation 2962:Commonwealth elections 2950: 2939: 2871: 2798:Torres Strait Islander 2530:Survival International 2411:International Treaties 2189:Aboriginal land rights 2102: 2090: 2059: 2012: 1812: 1749: 1444: 1416:valley in particular. 1397: 1370:Indonesian archipelago 1264: 1117: 1108:Aboriginal people and 1091:Migration to Australia 1076:Australian archaeology 885: 834: 764:in central Australia; 745: 706:Aboriginal Australians 701: 689: 469: 313:Aboriginal Australians 301:Indigenous Australians 54:Indigenous Australians 32:Aboriginal Australians 25477:Native Title Act 1993 25412:Cummeragunja walk-off 25158:Northern Land Council 25008:Torres Strait English 24935:Torres Strait Islands 24534:and other territories 24338:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i) 24224:Indigenous Australian 24122:Australian Aboriginal 23867:and other territories 23617:and other territories 23504:Languages of Oceania 23105:Polynesian Navigation 23085:Torres Strait Islands 21809:Territorial evolution 21232:Levene, Mark (2005). 21066:"Why Blak not black?" 20174:10.3390/genes13122373 19986:The Rangeland Journal 19787:ICommunity Newsletter 19715:. n.d. Archived from 19655:Central Western Daily 18864:University of Waikato 18450:Balla, Paola (2021). 18392:. Mungo National Park 18335:Morris, John (2001). 17430:10.1093/molbev/msw293 16895:"Journey to handback" 16140:Australian Geographic 16052:on 12 September 2012. 15990:; Jenifer, G (2004). 15526:Ferrier, Åsa (2015). 14787:1 (1 July 1983), 14777:(Tasmanian Dams Case) 14310:10.1038/news.2011.551 14279:Burton, John (n.d.). 14203:Queensland Queensland 14014:World Digital Library 13967:"BlakLash beginnings" 13448:. Griffith University 13303:10.1073/pnas.98.2.537 13207:. n.d. Archived from 12992:Australian Geographic 12930:Aboriginal Art Online 12781:. 10 December 2010b. 11338:WDL – Blandowski 1862 11302:Screen Australia 2018 11266:Maddox & AAP 2006 10625:ABS – population 2006 8873:australia.gov.au 2016 8846:Vines & Hope 1994 8730:Torres Strait history 8720:, pp. 1034–1036. 8684:, pp. 8726–8730. 8682:Hudjashov et al. 2007 8672:, pp. 1803–1808. 8646:Rasmussen et al. 2011 8609:, pp. 1206–1215. 8396:, pp. 1655–1656. 8369:, pp. 2469–2474. 7971:Blak & Bright n.d 7959:BlakLash Creative n.d 7884:QUoT: Guidelines 2015 6949:' involvement in the 6905:While relatively few 6831: 6803: 6523:support, convened an 6347:Country Liberal Party 5905:Further information: 5759:communicable diseases 5467:(coach and captain), 5462: 5361:Blandowski expedition 5350: 5330:Further information: 5285:(2019) and TV series 5223:in the 21st century: 4908:(twice winner of the 4859:In the 20th century, 4854:Australian Parliament 4687: 4673: 4639:Torres Strait Islands 4515:Further information: 4408:Recent census figures 4397:Erub (Darnley Island) 4335:and taught the local 4325:Christian Teichelmann 4297:Further information: 4278:Further information: 4215:Further information: 4193: 4148:Torres Strait Islands 4065:Ngarrindjeri language 3780: 3675:Tasmanian dam(s) case 3647: 3399:Amnesty International 3351:, in response to the 3048:. Following the 1973 3036:Gove land rights case 3002:Queensland Government 2953:Further information: 2945: 2921: 2855: 2261:Traditional knowledge 2246:Intellectual property 2096: 2084: 2053: 2010: 1906:Erub (Darnley Island) 1803: 1743: 1544:in the southwest and 1426: 1388: 1364:Torres Strait Islands 1262: 1228:populations, such as 1181:Further information: 1103: 1030:environment, such as 905:Torres Strait Islands 883:Torres Strait Islands 881: 851:Tasmanian catastrophe 827:Robert Hawker Dowling 825: 774:Aboriginal Victorians 737: 695: 673: 455: 283:Related ethnic groups 224:Torres Strait English 25133:Central Land Council 24421:Religion in Oceania 24353:Taiwanese aborigines 23707:Languages of Oceania 22255:Cabinet of Australia 22230:Government ministers 21998:World Heritage Sites 21804:European exploration 21019:. 28 December 2015 . 20876:on 23 September 2009 20868:. Higher Education. 20824:. Cat. no. JUV 116. 20568:"Surgeon John White" 20114:on 12 February 2020. 20088:Sweeney, D. (2009). 19774:. Australian Museum. 19355:– via austlii. 19282:Read, Peter (1981). 18926:Current Anthropology 18837:(19–20): 2469–2474. 18252:Mear, Craig (2008). 17475:on 26 September 2009 17125:George Negus Tonight 16901:on 19 September 2020 16829:on 10 September 2012 16797:. 22 September 2012. 16621:on 13 November 2013. 16360:on 24 September 2020 16095:on 13 September 2009 15741:. pp. 177–192. 15454:10.2139/ssrn.2467836 14867:Connor, Liz (2016). 14862:– via austlii. 13947:"Blak History Month" 13809:Ballyn, Sue (2011). 13590:"Arthur Beetson OAM" 13491:Andrews, M. (2004). 13237:"About Living Black" 12998:on 30 November 2011. 12573:. 17 September 2013. 11608:OPMC Closing the Gap 10861:Anglican Church 2005 10484:Gardiner-Garden 2000 10428:, pp. 296, 301. 10199:on 5 September 2007. 9905:Central Land Council 8718:MacAulay et al. 2005 8343:Clarkson et al. 2017 8022:ABC Local Radio 2002 7521:Clarkson et al. 2017 7115:Slavery in Australia 7020:Civilizations portal 6984:In health services, 6900:Australian $ 50 note 6608:, Chancellor of the 6301:Malarndirri McCarthy 6279:(Labor, 2013–2016), 6119:A$ 10.7 million 5948:vocational education 5711:economic development 5648:and higher rates of 5586:Indigenous All Stars 5574:Indigenous All-Stars 5337:Recreation and sport 5273:Trisha Morton-Thomas 5084:(1976), directed by 5066:Cannes Film Festival 4932:. Leading activists 4910:Miles Franklin Award 4535:Kakadu National Park 4460:of Western Australia 4235:spirits include the 4044:Aboriginal languages 3416:federal Constitution 3318:Reconciliation Place 3262:An inquiry into the 3197:2000 Summer Olympics 3164:for Human Services. 3077:(Ayers Rock) to the 3000:"). Since 1999, the 2966:University of Sydney 2271:Water and sanitation 2185:Old Parliament House 2147:Political resistance 1979:Tasmanian Aboriginal 1918:colony of Queensland 1731:British colonisation 1236:groups, such as the 1160:Australian megafauna 859:Fanny Cochrane Smith 800:, the Arrernte, the 464:. Together with the 399:Aboriginal languages 323:of the seas between 309:British colonisation 236:Torres Strait Creole 24890:Outstation movement 24729:Western Australians 24626:indigenous currency 22905:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony 22327:Gross state product 21473:Windschuttle, Keith 21437:2014PNAS..111.7248R 21332:2021Natur.596..543C 21076:on 11 November 2020 21031:on 28 November 2012 20973:"Aboriginal People" 20890:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 20703:Wood, Asmi (2012). 20224:. Wakefield Press. 19914:on 29 February 2020 19848:2003JHumE..45..203S 19719:on 25 November 2020 19612:Ross, Kate (1999). 19462:on 21 February 2019 19320:on 29 November 2012 19249:2011Sci...334...94R 19187:on 3 February 2012. 18997:. Magaballa Books. 18843:2006QSRv...25.2469O 18692:on 15 December 2008 18180:on 16 February 2012 17907:2013PNAS..110.1803P 17864:10.1038/nature18964 17856:2016Natur.538..201M 17805:10.1038/nature18299 17797:2016Natur.538..207M 17658:2005Sci...308.1034M 17652:(5724): 1034–1036. 17556:on 5 September 2016 17156:on 14 December 2018 17017:on 28 November 2011 16681:on 18 November 2000 16568:2007PNAS..104.8726H 16425:(2). Archived from 16320:on 20 February 2012 15846:, pp. 170-174. 15819:, pp. 163-165. 15493:. 1 November 2006. 15332:on 24 February 2009 14928:(5522): 1655–1656. 14629:on 26 December 2019 14545:Hobart Town Courier 14507:10.1038/nature22968 14499:2017Natur.547..306C 14155:on 2 December 2014. 14120:10.1038/nature01383 14112:2003Natur.421..837B 13889:2002QSRv...21.1061B 13705:on 14 December 2011 13566:10.22145/flr.40.3.1 13534:Flinders University 13440:Amery, Rob (n.d.). 13294:2001PNAS...98..537A 13263:on 24 November 2016 12701:on 20 February 2008 12681:on 28 February 2019 12473:. 21 January 2005a. 12188:Nunn & Mao 2019 10939:Parks Australia (2) 10927:Parks Australia (1) 10915:Culture Portal 2007 9833:NMoA – Freedom Ride 9488:, pp. 121–134. 9425:, pp. 147–161. 9208:, pp. 182–185. 9082:, pp. 132–153. 9067:, pp. 177–179. 8708:, pp. 367–381. 8696:, pp. 281–302. 8670:Manfred et al. 2013 8636:, pp. 297–305. 8469:Mallick et al. 2016 8442:Mungo National Park 8408:, pp. 203–217. 8384:, pp. 537–542. 8357:, pp. 207–214. 8345:, pp. 306–310. 8297:, pp. 122–138. 8189:, pp. 329–349. 8163:Reef Catchments n.d 7798:Hobart Town Courier 7675:, pp. 145–146. 7069:Australo-Melanesian 6776:2018 state election 6736:Murrawarri Republic 6682:Galarrwuy Yunupingu 6680:, Peter Yu, and Dr 6612:, and Professor Dr 6355:Hyacinth Tungutalum 6112:Aboriginal identity 5775:respiratory disease 5717:justice (including 5680:age standardisation 5600:Contemporary issues 5565:have played in the 5031:Cinema of Australia 4978:Film and television 4948:Up From the Mission 4602:Hermannsburg School 4496:Aboriginal Memorial 4206:Traditional beliefs 4164:Trans-Fly languages 4080:Gulf of Carpentaria 3825:self-identification 3458: 3050:Woodward commission 2647:Uncontacted peoples 2637:Settler colonialism 1972:Aboriginal trackers 1713:buildings on stilts 1635:Northern Territory 1580: 1573:Gulf of Carpentaria 1510:Atherton Tablelands 1484:. Weapons included 1167:Luminescence dating 1145:Mungo National Park 1122:Luminescence dating 847:last glacial period 651:'s song and album, 478:Aboriginal people. 358:have been official 56: 25661:Indigenous peoples 25583:Stolen Generations 25573:Self-determination 25493:Stolen Generations 25427:Historical figures 25407:Caledon Bay crisis 25230:Fire-stick farming 25143:Maralinga Tjarutja 24762:Performing artists 23221:Polynesian sailing 22645:Australian studies 22580:Australian English 22389:Telecommunications 22225:Government leaders 22168:Political ideology 21695:. 15 January 2018. 21615:. 31 October 2023. 21571:on 7 January 2008. 21107:on 11 October 2010 20997:AIATSIS Collection 20965:on 4 January 2020. 20953:on 4 January 2020. 20385:Tuckiar v The King 19738:Art Gallery of NSW 19709:"Saltwater people" 19442:on 15 January 2020 18816:. 3 November 2016a 18787:"Saltwater People" 18653:. pp. 15–19. 18568:– via Trove. 18522:on 16 January 2020 18486:10.1002/ajpa.22886 18445:on 21 August 2006. 18344:Aboriginal History 18159:on 24 October 2018 18153:The Canberra Times 18133:The Canberra Times 18104:. Brisbane: 9–21. 17533:. pp. 65–81. 17469:FOCUS Asia-Pacific 17329:. 23 November 2012 16915:"Kakadu: Rock art" 16881:on 18 January 2012 16657:on 30 October 2018 16498:Aboriginal History 16300:. AAP. 26 May 2019 15889:on 7 February 2012 15837:, p. 168-169. 15828:, p. 166-167. 15718:. Future Leaders. 15554:Festival de Cannes 15293:on 30 October 2018 14591:on 30 October 2018 14381:on 2 February 2017 14197:Northern Territory 13987:Blandowski, W. von 13951:Blak History Month 13883:(8–9): 1061–1075. 13745:on 29 January 2017 13606:on 20 January 2012 13554:Federal Law Review 13356:10.1093/gbe/evv065 13156:The Canberra Times 13089:on 6 February 2021 13065:on 13 January 2014 12461:. 25 January 2002. 12362:The Canberra Times 11567:d'Abbs et al. 2019 11073:, pp. 93–101. 10511:ABS tech note 2018 10390:Greg Gardiner 2002 10016:Arthur Beetson OAM 9520:, pp. 83–100. 8694:Kayser et al. 2003 8634:McEvoy et al. 2010 8595:Taufik et al. 2022 8382:Adcock et al. 2001 8012:, pp. 77–106. 7509:Bowler et al. 2003 7263:Bringing Them Home 7257:Bringing Them Home 7228:Bringing them Home 7120:Welcome to Country 6979:Oodgeroo Noonuccal 6847:. Others, such as 6837: 6821: 6755:Treaty of Waitangi 6634:Marcia Ella-Duncan 6519:(2010–2013), with 6517:Gillard government 6421:Northern Territory 6297:Northern Territory 6096:Stolen Generations 6057:anecdotal evidence 6024:stolen generations 5880:longitudinal study 5827:Stolen Generations 5654:imprisonment rates 5617:Stolen Generations 5590:NSW Koori Knockout 5523:Commonwealth Games 5473: 5365: 5231:(with her company 5152:Rabbit-Proof Fence 4972:Northern Territory 4918:Melissa Lucashenko 4869:Oodgeroo Noonuccal 4690: 4682: 4539:Northern Territory 4373:followers of Islam 4359:Aboriginal peoples 4353:Stolen Generations 4349:Christian missions 4341:their own language 4293:After colonisation 4203: 4162:: a member of the 4126:Ghil'ad Zuckermann 3793: 3628:by the Australian 3622:self-determination 3594:centred along the 3456: 3330:Stolen Generations 3328:to members of the 3272:Bringing Them Home 3268:Keating government 3264:Stolen Generations 2982:Wave Hill walk-off 2951: 2940: 2872: 2820:Early 20th century 2792:Stolen Generations 2595:Discovery doctrine 2580:Civilizing mission 2398:BBNJ ABS Committee 2103: 2091: 2060: 2017:Acts of Parliament 2013: 1985:. The skeleton of 1977:During the 1860s, 1851:Northern Territory 1813: 1750: 1621:Western Australia 1578: 1540:in the southeast, 1467:Dr. Norman Tindale 1445: 1398: 1313:– whose subclades 1265: 1242:East Asian peoples 1118: 1110:Captain James Cook 1096:Aboriginal peoples 925:of 1992 involved. 914:was from "Mer" or 886: 835: 758:Northern Territory 746: 702: 690: 676:possum-skin cloaks 568:African immigrants 498:Aboriginal peoples 470: 441:Bringing Them Home 428:frontier conflicts 379:fire-stick farming 360:flags of Australia 216:Australian English 125:Northern Territory 50: 25773: 25772: 25757: 25756: 25627: 25626: 25510:Western Australia 25245:Possum-skin cloak 25176: 25175: 25168:Tiwi Land Council 25003:Taboo on the dead 24968:Australian Creole 24709:Aboriginal groups 24649: 24648: 24614: 24613: 24606:Wallis and Futuna 24551:Clipperton Island 24509:Associated states 24106:Wallis and Futuna 23947: 23946: 23939:Wallis and Futuna 23884:Clipperton Island 23842:Associated states 23713: 23712: 23697: 23696: 23689:Wallis and Futuna 23634:Clipperton Island 23592:Associated states 23440:Pacific Community 23428:Pasifika Festival 23161:Aboriginal dugout 23100:Wallis and Futuna 22700: 22699: 22653: 22652: 22475:Human trafficking 22412: 22411: 22294: 22293: 22094:Foreign relations 22034: 22033: 21898: 21897: 21845:Asian Australians 21661:Indigenous.gov.au 21584:Library resources 21431:(20): 7248–7253. 21326:(7873): 543–547. 21245:978-1-84511-057-4 20906:on 30 March 2016. 20835:978-1-76054-339-6 20812:indigenous.gov.au 20642:978-0-9803874-1-4 20327:978-0-708-10741-6 20259:978-0-521-80789-0 20231:978-1-862-54798-8 20150:on 27 March 2020. 20068:978-0-6485071-2-3 20029:Australian Museum 20010:Australian Museum 19938:978-1-134-26639-5 19895:978-1-877043-40-6 19687:978-1-86373-965-8 19678:Allen & Unwin 19298:978-0-646-46221-9 19126:on 14 April 2011. 19087:– via NIAA. 19023:978-1-947534-08-7 18785:(23 April 2013). 18216:World Archaeology 17989:978-0-8147-5667-6 17791:(7624): 207–214. 17394:978-90-420-0151-0 16675:Australian Museum 16562:(21): 8726–8730. 16086:Monash University 16009:978-0-521-84542-7 15979:978-0-7139-1112-1 15913:978-1-4073-0354-3 15865:978-1-74237-748-3 15748:978-1-921-31344-8 15582:978-0-7546-4072-1 15569:Fiona, R (2007). 15500:978-1-74024-620-0 15431:978-0-521-87692-6 15412:978-0-85883-538-2 15177:978-0-521-62654-5 14619:978-1-925363-84-5 14493:(7663): 306–310. 14424:. 31 October 2017 14409:978-0-230-23694-3 14330:978-0-522-84939-4 14254:978-1-741-76554-0 14245:Allen & Unwin 14227:Western Australia 14106:(6925): 837–840. 14087:978-90-272-4761-2 13971:BlakLash Creative 13796:Bach, J. (1966). 13658:Tourism Australia 13502:978-1-876756-45-1 13493:The Seven Sisters 13464:(February 2010). 13211:on 3 October 2020 13205:Blak & Bright 13201:"About + Contact" 13181:Stand for Freedom 12974:. 26 January 2015 12955:978-1-86450-114-8 12936:on 22 April 2011. 12589:. 17 October 2018 11242:ASO – The Tracker 11085:, pp. 45–73. 10827:, pp. 65–81. 10774:, pp. 15–19. 10574:ABS increase 2018 10335:, pp. 33–34. 10259:Stand for Freedom 10178:, pp. 33–34. 9780:Kooriweb.org 1938 9633:Darian-Smith 2017 9609:, pp. 1–208. 8887:, pp. 69–75. 8754:David et al. 2004 8706:Nagle et al. 2015 8648:, pp. 94–98. 8561:, pp. 71–93. 8559:Carey et al. 2018 8418:Australian Museum 8406:Smith et al. 2003 8367:Olley et al. 2006 8151:Smyth et al. 2004 7397:Style Manual 2021 7162:, pp. 140ff. 6829: 6768:Western Australia 6724:Mabo v Queensland 6630:Josephine Cashman 6595:portfolio in the 6479:Maori electorates 6464:Howard government 6283:(2014–2017, 2019– 6265:Australian Senate 6186: 6185: 6181: 6079:) that followed. 6077:Howard government 6034:, in particular, 5894:, in NT in 2005. 5767:hepatitis C virus 5596:in rugby league. 5578:Flying Boomerangs 5424:in south-western 5396:people. Known as 5355:(Nyeri Nyeri) at 5209:Blue Water Empire 5204:Papua New Guinean 5178:Un Certain Regard 5162:of the 2006 film 5141:(2002), starring 5123:(1996) featuring 5019: 5018: 5014: 4939:First Australians 4893:were recognised. 4600:paintings of the 4570:Upper Paleolithic 4366:John Bede Polding 4303:Christianity and 4096:language family. 3858:Australian census 3832:Australian Census 3814:Pacific Islanders 3586: 3585: 3276:Howard government 3227:uncontacted tribe 3106:Australian Senate 3058:Fraser government 2986:Wave Hill Station 2914:Late 20th century 2907:Australia's North 2884:Aboriginal rights 2788: 2787: 2642:Truth commissions 2570:Aboriginal titles 2485:Cultural Survival 2403:Indigenous Caucus 2213:Indigenous rights 1840:Western Australia 1719:structures using 1704: 1703: 1589:population share 1538:possum-skin cloak 1441:Mildura, Victoria 1395:Universal History 1381:Aboriginal people 1307:Haplogroup C-M347 1238:Andamanese people 1137:mitochondrial DNA 1116:, New South Wales 1114:Kurnell Peninsula 1056:Western Australia 1040:rainforest people 1036:freshwater people 810:Central Australia 666:Aboriginal groups 564:Robert Jabanungga 298: 297: 222:, small minority 200: 199: 112:Western Australia 18:Freshwater people 16:(Redirected from 25798: 25747: 25732: 25717: 25702: 25687: 25678: 25677: 25654: 25647: 25640: 25631: 25630: 25121: 25120: 24953:Avoidance speech 24915:Smoking ceremony 24676: 24669: 24662: 24653: 24652: 24596:Pitcairn Islands 24566:French Polynesia 24546:Christmas Island 24475:Papua New Guinea 24455:Marshall Islands 24428:Sovereign states 24414: 24407: 24400: 24391: 24390: 24308:Norfolk Islander 24253:Fijian (iTaukei) 24056:Papua New Guinea 23929:Pitcairn Islands 23899:French Polynesia 23879:Christmas Island 23808:Papua New Guinea 23788:Marshall Islands 23761:Sovereign states 23747: 23740: 23733: 23724: 23723: 23679:Pitcairn Islands 23649:French Polynesia 23629:Christmas Island 23558:Papua New Guinea 23538:Marshall Islands 23511:Sovereign states 23497: 23490: 23483: 23474: 23473: 23467: 23466: 23452:Papua New Guinea 23115:Marshall Islands 23065:Pitcairn Islands 23060:Papua New Guinea 23000:Lomilomi massage 22946:Caroline Islands 22819:Papua New Guinea 22727: 22720: 22713: 22704: 22703: 22680: 22673: 22666: 22542:Waste management 22423: 22422: 22344:Household income 22305: 22304: 22267:Governor-General 22077:Electoral system 22045: 22044: 21909: 21908: 21777: 21776: 21753: 21746: 21739: 21730: 21729: 21725: 21723: 21721: 21704: 21696: 21684: 21672: 21670: 21668: 21652: 21650: 21648: 21636: 21634: 21632: 21623:. Archived from 21616: 21572: 21559: 21547: 21537: 21535: 21533: 21528:on 24 March 2016 21527: 21521:. Archived from 21510: 21494: 21493:on 29 July 2013. 21489:. Archived from 21468: 21458: 21448: 21420: 21410: 21377: 21359: 21310: 21308: 21306: 21300: 21285: 21273:Journal articles 21268: 21249: 21221: 21211: 21209: 21203: 21193: 21191: 21189: 21182:The Conversation 21171: 21154: 21152: 21150: 21137: 21135: 21133: 21116: 21114: 21112: 21106: 21095: 21085: 21083: 21081: 21072:. Archived from 21060: 21052: 21040: 21038: 21036: 21020: 21008: 21006: 21004: 20988: 20986: 20984: 20966: 20961:. Archived from 20954: 20949:. Archived from 20941: 20939: 20937: 20932:on 12 March 2022 20907: 20905: 20898: 20885: 20883: 20881: 20872:. Archived from 20860: 20847: 20815: 20803: 20793: 20768: 20759: 20744: 20742: 20740: 20735:on 19 March 2021 20731:. Archived from 20699: 20697: 20695: 20690:on 21 March 2020 20686:. Archived from 20674: 20655: 20646: 20634: 20622: 20620: 20618: 20602: 20600: 20598: 20582: 20572: 20562: 20542: 20540: 20538: 20522: 20520: 20518: 20502: 20500: 20498: 20482: 20473: 20471: 20469: 20454: 20452: 20450: 20438: 20436: 20434: 20418: 20416: 20414: 20401: 20395: 20379: 20377: 20375: 20369:australianscreen 20360: 20358: 20356: 20344: 20331: 20315: 20300: 20298: 20296: 20280: 20278: 20276: 20263: 20244: 20235: 20214: 20204: 20186: 20176: 20151: 20139: 20137: 20135: 20115: 20110:. Archived from 20083: 20072: 20052: 20040: 20038: 20036: 20020: 20018: 20016: 20001: 19980: 19978: 19976: 19964: 19962: 19960: 19953:The Conversation 19942: 19923: 19921: 19919: 19910:. Archived from 19899: 19887: 19875: 19833: 19823: 19821: 19819: 19814:on 26 March 2021 19803: 19790: 19784: 19775: 19766: 19763:Screen Australia 19754: 19752: 19750: 19728: 19726: 19724: 19704: 19691: 19665: 19663: 19661: 19645: 19632: 19620: 19608: 19598: 19565: 19563: 19561: 19545: 19516: 19500: 19490: 19471: 19469: 19467: 19451: 19449: 19447: 19415: 19413: 19411: 19391: 19390:on 16 June 2005. 19375: 19373: 19371: 19365: 19356: 19354: 19352: 19338: 19329: 19327: 19325: 19309: 19308:on 9 April 2012. 19307: 19301:. Archived from 19290: 19278: 19268: 19227: 19225: 19223: 19217:australianscreen 19208: 19206: 19204: 19188: 19175: 19173: 19171: 19155: 19153: 19151: 19135: 19127: 19125: 19118: 19109: 19107: 19105: 19088: 19086: 19084: 19078: 19068: 19060: 19058: 19056: 19035: 19008: 18989: 18970: 18949: 18920: 18918: 18916: 18900: 18898: 18896: 18889:The Conversation 18878: 18872: 18866:. Archived from 18854: 18825: 18823: 18821: 18805: 18803: 18801: 18778: 18776: 18774: 18758: 18756: 18754: 18741: 18739: 18737: 18732:. 21 August 2014 18721: 18719: 18717: 18701: 18699: 18697: 18677: 18664: 18639: 18618: 18616: 18614: 18602: 18600: 18598: 18582: 18569: 18567: 18565: 18547: 18545: 18543: 18531: 18529: 18527: 18521: 18514: 18505: 18468: 18459: 18456:Paradise Journal 18446: 18444: 18437: 18427: 18425: 18423: 18401: 18399: 18397: 18385: 18383: 18381: 18364: 18351: 18341: 18331: 18329: 18327: 18311: 18309: 18307: 18295: 18293: 18291: 18278: 18269: 18268:on 6 April 2012. 18248: 18209: 18207: 18205: 18189: 18187: 18185: 18168: 18166: 18164: 18155:. Archived from 18143: 18141: 18139: 18123: 18113: 18086: 18076: 18043: 18012: 17993: 17968: 17966: 17964: 17946: 17938: 17928: 17918: 17901:(5): 1803–1808. 17885: 17875: 17834: 17816: 17775: 17773: 17771: 17764:666 ABC Canberra 17754: 17725: 17715: 17706: 17685: 17643: 17633: 17631: 17629: 17624:on 5 August 2012 17609: 17607: 17605: 17593: 17580: 17565: 17563: 17561: 17544: 17521: 17519: 17517: 17501: 17499: 17497: 17484: 17482: 17480: 17460: 17450: 17432: 17407: 17398: 17375: 17373: 17371: 17358: 17356: 17354: 17338: 17336: 17334: 17318: 17316: 17314: 17308: 17299: 17297: 17295: 17283: 17258: 17256: 17254: 17248:Creative Spirits 17238: 17236: 17234: 17228:Creative Spirits 17218: 17216: 17214: 17208:Creative Spirits 17198: 17196: 17194: 17188:Creative Spirits 17178: 17175:Creative Spirits 17165: 17163: 17161: 17152:. Archived from 17150:Creative Spirits 17140: 17138: 17136: 17116: 17097: 17095: 17093: 17088:on 17 March 2010 17084:. Archived from 17068: 17055: 17046: 17044: 17042: 17026: 17024: 17022: 17005: 16995: 16962: 16949: 16947: 16945: 16929: 16927: 16925: 16910: 16908: 16906: 16890: 16888: 16886: 16870: 16857: 16838: 16836: 16834: 16818: 16816: 16814: 16798: 16786: 16784: 16782: 16770: 16768: 16766: 16761:on 19 March 2020 16750: 16748: 16746: 16730: 16728: 16726: 16710: 16708: 16706: 16690: 16688: 16686: 16666: 16664: 16662: 16642: 16640: 16638: 16622: 16620: 16614:. Archived from 16609: 16599: 16589: 16579: 16546: 16544: 16542: 16524: 16514: 16487: 16485: 16483: 16467: 16465: 16463: 16450: 16448: 16446: 16430: 16429:on 21 July 2012. 16409: 16407: 16405: 16389: 16387: 16385: 16369: 16367: 16365: 16349: 16347: 16345: 16329: 16327: 16325: 16309: 16307: 16305: 16289: 16277: 16266: 16264: 16262: 16246: 16244: 16242: 16237:. City of Sydney 16222: 16207: 16205: 16203: 16187: 16185: 16183: 16167: 16165: 16163: 16150: 16148: 16146: 16130: 16127:The Conversation 16117: 16104: 16102: 16100: 16094: 16088:. Archived from 16083: 16073: 16071: 16069: 16053: 16048:. Archived from 16034: 16032: 16030: 16017: 16014:Internet Archive 15997: 15983: 15961: 15959: 15957: 15941: 15939: 15937: 15925: 15898: 15896: 15894: 15877: 15847: 15838: 15829: 15820: 15811: 15795: 15793: 15787:. Archived from 15770: 15760: 15729: 15717: 15705: 15684:Flood, Josephine 15679: 15677: 15675: 15670:on 21 March 2019 15669: 15662: 15653: 15651: 15649: 15634: 15626: 15624: 15622: 15617:. 29 August 2010 15606: 15604: 15602: 15586: 15565: 15563: 15561: 15545: 15544:– via ANU. 15522: 15509: 15504: 15480: 15478: 15476: 15466: 15457: 15447: 15435: 15416: 15397: 15395: 15393: 15388:. Ethnologue.com 15381: 15379: 15377: 15361: 15359: 15357: 15341: 15339: 15337: 15321: 15302: 15300: 15298: 15282: 15280: 15278: 15265: 15236: 15234: 15232: 15222:"'The Dreaming'" 15217: 15215: 15213: 15197: 15192:. Archived from 15181: 15160: 15158: 15156: 15151:. 9 January 2018 15140: 15131: 15129: 15127: 15107: 15096: 15094: 15092: 15086:australianscreen 15077: 15062: 15041: 15038:The Conversation 15028: 15015: 15013: 15011: 14995: 14993: 14991: 14980:Newcastle Herald 14970: 14968: 14966: 14953: 14916: 14904: 14902: 14900: 14882: 14863: 14861: 14859: 14836: 14834: 14832: 14826:The Courier Mail 14816: 14814: 14812: 14807:on 24 April 2015 14792: 14769: 14767: 14765: 14750: 14748: 14746: 14734: 14732: 14730: 14714: 14712: 14710: 14694: 14692: 14690: 14678: 14676: 14674: 14662: 14660: 14658: 14642: 14636: 14634: 14628: 14622:. Archived from 14611: 14600: 14598: 14596: 14580: 14578: 14576: 14560: 14554: 14552: 14536: 14518: 14481: 14479: 14477: 14461: 14453: 14451: 14449: 14433: 14431: 14429: 14413: 14390: 14388: 14386: 14369: 14359: 14334: 14313: 14296: 14294: 14292: 14275: 14273: 14271: 14258: 14180: 14178: 14176: 14167:. Archived from 14156: 14151:. Archived from 14139: 14091: 14070: 14051: 14049: 14047: 14031: 14029: 14017: 14011: 14009: 14004:. Gustav Neumann 13996: 13982: 13980: 13978: 13962: 13960: 13958: 13942: 13923: 13921: 13919: 13904: 13867: 13865: 13863: 13845: 13843: 13841: 13835:The Conversation 13825: 13823: 13821: 13815: 13805: 13792: 13790: 13788: 13770: 13768: 13766: 13754: 13752: 13750: 13734: 13732: 13730: 13725:on 16 April 2010 13714: 13712: 13710: 13701:. Archived from 13690: 13688: 13686: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13640: 13635: 13633: 13631: 13615: 13613: 13611: 13605: 13599:. Archived from 13594: 13585: 13544: 13542: 13540: 13531: 13522: 13506: 13487: 13485: 13483: 13478:on 20 April 2013 13477: 13470: 13457: 13455: 13453: 13436: 13431: 13429: 13411: 13410:on 6 March 2020. 13409: 13403:. Archived from 13388: 13378: 13368: 13358: 13349:(5): 1206–1215. 13333: 13323: 13305: 13272: 13270: 13268: 13252: 13250: 13248: 13232: 13220: 13218: 13216: 13196: 13194: 13192: 13187:on 13 April 2012 13172: 13166: 13164: 13146: 13144: 13142: 13130: 13128: 13126: 13121:. 5 January 2003 13110: 13098: 13096: 13094: 13085:. Archived from 13074: 13072: 13070: 13054: 13035: 13033: 13031: 13015: 13013: 13011: 12999: 12983: 12981: 12979: 12963: 12960:Internet Archive 12947: 12937: 12921: 12919: 12917: 12901: 12899: 12897: 12881: 12873: 12871: 12869: 12854: 12852: 12850: 12834: 12832: 12830: 12814: 12812: 12810: 12794: 12792: 12790: 12770: 12768: 12766: 12754: 12752: 12750: 12734: 12732: 12730: 12710: 12708: 12706: 12690: 12688: 12686: 12666: 12664: 12662: 12646: 12644: 12642: 12630: 12628: 12626: 12614: 12612: 12610: 12598: 12596: 12594: 12574: 12562: 12560: 12558: 12546: 12544: 12542: 12537:. 10 August 2021 12526: 12518: 12516: 12514: 12509:on 20 March 2008 12494: 12492: 12490: 12485:. 21 April 2004b 12474: 12462: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12421: 12412: 12406: 12400: 12394: 12388: 12382: 12373: 12367: 12358: 12352: 12346: 12340: 12334: 12328: 12322: 12316: 12310: 12304: 12298: 12292: 12286: 12280: 12274: 12268: 12262: 12251: 12245: 12239: 12233: 12227: 12221: 12215: 12209: 12203: 12197: 12191: 12185: 12179: 12173: 12167: 12161: 12155: 12149: 12143: 12137: 12131: 12125: 12119: 12110: 12104: 12098: 12092: 12086: 12080: 12074: 12068: 12062: 12053: 12047: 12041: 12035: 12029: 12023: 12017: 12011: 12005: 11999: 11993: 11987: 11981: 11972: 11966: 11960: 11954: 11948: 11939: 11933: 11927: 11921: 11915: 11909: 11903: 11900:Chrysanthos 2019 11897: 11888: 11887: 11885: 11883: 11869: 11863: 11862: 11860: 11858: 11844: 11838: 11832: 11826: 11820: 11814: 11808: 11802: 11796: 11790: 11784: 11778: 11772: 11766: 11760: 11754: 11748: 11742: 11736: 11730: 11724: 11718: 11712: 11706: 11700: 11694: 11688: 11682: 11676: 11670: 11664: 11658: 11652: 11646: 11645: 11629: 11623: 11617: 11611: 11605: 11599: 11593: 11582: 11576: 11570: 11564: 11555: 11549: 11543: 11537: 11531: 11525: 11519: 11513: 11507: 11501: 11495: 11489: 11483: 11474: 11468: 11462: 11449: 11443: 11437: 11434:ABS 1301.0 2005a 11431: 11422: 11416: 11410: 11404: 11389: 11383: 11377: 11371: 11365: 11359: 11353: 11347: 11341: 11335: 11329: 11323: 11317: 11311: 11305: 11299: 11293: 11287: 11281: 11275: 11269: 11263: 11257: 11251: 11245: 11239: 11233: 11230:ASO – Dead Heart 11227: 11221: 11215: 11209: 11203: 11197: 11191: 11185: 11179: 11173: 11167: 11161: 11155: 11149: 11140: 11134: 11128: 11122: 11116: 11110: 11104: 11098: 11092: 11086: 11080: 11074: 11068: 11062: 11056: 11050: 11044: 11038: 11032: 11026: 11020: 11014: 11008: 11002: 10996: 10990: 10984: 10978: 10972: 10966: 10960: 10954: 10948: 10942: 10936: 10930: 10924: 10918: 10912: 10903: 10900:ABS 4713.0 2010a 10897: 10891: 10885: 10876: 10870: 10864: 10858: 10852: 10846: 10840: 10834: 10828: 10822: 10816: 10810: 10799: 10793: 10787: 10781: 10775: 10769: 10763: 10757: 10748: 10742: 10736: 10730: 10724: 10718: 10712: 10706: 10700: 10694: 10688: 10682: 10676: 10670: 10664: 10658: 10652: 10646: 10640: 10634: 10628: 10622: 10616: 10610: 10601: 10595: 10589: 10583: 10577: 10571: 10565: 10559: 10553: 10547: 10541: 10538:Kelsey-Sugg 2022 10535: 10526: 10520: 10514: 10508: 10502: 10496: 10487: 10481: 10475: 10469: 10463: 10457: 10444: 10438: 10429: 10423: 10417: 10411: 10405: 10399: 10393: 10387: 10378: 10372: 10363: 10357: 10348: 10342: 10336: 10330: 10324: 10318: 10312: 10306: 10300: 10294: 10288: 10282: 10276: 10270: 10264: 10255: 10249: 10243: 10237: 10231: 10225: 10219: 10213: 10207: 10201: 10200: 10195:. Archived from 10185: 10179: 10173: 10167: 10161: 10155: 10149: 10140: 10134: 10128: 10122: 10116: 10110: 10097: 10091: 10082: 10076: 10067: 10061: 10055: 10049: 10043: 10037: 10031: 10025: 10019: 10013: 10007: 10001: 9995: 9989: 9983: 9977: 9971: 9965: 9956: 9950: 9944: 9938: 9932: 9926: 9920: 9914: 9908: 9902: 9896: 9890: 9884: 9878: 9872: 9866: 9860: 9854: 9848: 9842: 9836: 9830: 9824: 9821:AEC – milestones 9818: 9807: 9801: 9795: 9789: 9783: 9777: 9771: 9765: 9759: 9753: 9747: 9741: 9735: 9729: 9723: 9717: 9711: 9705: 9699: 9693: 9687: 9681: 9675: 9669: 9663: 9654: 9648: 9642: 9636: 9630: 9624: 9616: 9610: 9600: 9594: 9588: 9579: 9573: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9539: 9533: 9527: 9521: 9507: 9501: 9495: 9489: 9483: 9477: 9471: 9465: 9459: 9453: 9447: 9441: 9435: 9426: 9420: 9414: 9405: 9399: 9393: 9387: 9381: 9375: 9369: 9363: 9357: 9351: 9345: 9339: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9310: 9304: 9293: 9287: 9281: 9275: 9269: 9263: 9257: 9251: 9245: 9239: 9233: 9227: 9221: 9215: 9209: 9203: 9197: 9188: 9182: 9181:, pp. 79ff. 9176: 9170: 9164: 9158: 9152: 9146: 9145:, pp. 1–22. 9140: 9134: 9128: 9122: 9116: 9110: 9104: 9098: 9092: 9083: 9077: 9068: 9062: 9056: 9050: 9044: 9038: 9029: 9023: 9017: 9011: 9005: 8999: 8993: 8987: 8981: 8972: 8966: 8960: 8954: 8948: 8942: 8936: 8930: 8924: 8915: 8909: 8900: 8894: 8888: 8882: 8876: 8870: 8864: 8855: 8849: 8843: 8837: 8831: 8825: 8819: 8813: 8807: 8798: 8792: 8781: 8775: 8769: 8763: 8757: 8751: 8745: 8739: 8733: 8727: 8721: 8715: 8709: 8703: 8697: 8691: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8667: 8661: 8655: 8649: 8643: 8637: 8631: 8622: 8616: 8610: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8586: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8562: 8556: 8550: 8547:Bird et al. 2002 8544: 8538: 8532: 8526: 8520: 8514: 8508: 8502: 8496: 8487: 8481: 8472: 8466: 8457: 8451: 8445: 8439: 8433: 8427: 8421: 8415: 8409: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8370: 8364: 8358: 8352: 8346: 8340: 8334: 8328: 8322: 8316: 8310: 8304: 8298: 8292: 8286: 8280: 8274: 8268: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8214: 8208: 8202: 8196: 8190: 8184: 8178: 8172: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8130: 8124: 8118: 8112: 8093: 8087: 8076: 8070: 8064: 8058: 8052: 8046: 8037: 8031: 8025: 8019: 8013: 8007: 7998: 7992: 7986: 7980: 7974: 7968: 7962: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7938: 7932: 7923: 7917: 7911: 7905: 7899: 7893: 7887: 7881: 7875: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7851: 7845: 7839: 7833: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7794: 7788: 7782: 7776: 7770: 7764: 7758: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7734: 7728: 7722: 7716: 7706: 7700: 7694: 7688: 7682: 7676: 7670: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7643: 7634: 7633:, pp. 1–21. 7628: 7619: 7618: 7615:The Conversation 7606: 7600: 7594: 7585: 7579: 7570: 7564: 7555: 7549: 7536: 7530: 7524: 7518: 7512: 7506: 7497: 7491: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7435: 7434: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7400: 7394: 7388: 7382: 7373: 7367: 7361: 7355: 7339: 7336: 7330: 7323: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7300: 7294: 7287: 7281: 7273: 7267: 7260:to 350 in 1976" 7253: 7247: 7240:Appendix 1.2 ACT 7236:Appendix 1.1 NSW 7225: 7219: 7204: 7198: 7191: 7185: 7181: 7175: 7169: 7163: 7156: 7150: 7147: 7141: 7137: 7091:, media platform 7022: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7008: 7006:Australia portal 7003: 7002: 7001: 6969:, and academics 6939:Douglas Nicholls 6864:Albert Namatjira 6830: 6813:Australian flags 6678:Tony Wurramarrba 6607: 6555:standing ovation 6541:Malcolm Turnbull 6486:federal election 6481:in New Zealand. 6402:Marion Scrymgour 6386:Douglas Nicholls 6365:) parliament. A 6177: 6157: 6156: 6149: 6145:Political issues 6120: 6047:Board of Inquiry 6032:victims of crime 5939:higher education 5650:infant mortality 5505:player, with 14 5499:Evonne Goolagong 5489:Charles Lawrence 5420:people, and the 5310:, co-written by 5245:Warwick Thornton 5233:Blackfella Films 5214:pre-colonial era 5010: 4990: 4989: 4982: 4827: 4812: 4650:Elizabeth Durack 4648:(1875–1963) and 4646:Margaret Preston 4621:Albert Namatjira 4618: 4615: 4604:and the acrylic 4529:listed sites at 4491: 4471: 4458:Kimberley region 4450: 4387:From the 1870s, 4321:language revival 4305:European culture 4030: 4017: 4004: 3991: 3978: 3966: 3954: 3941: 3929: 3917: 3801:Attorney-General 3791: 3788: 3762: 3748: 3734: 3720: 3687:Gibbs v Capewell 3589:Pre-colonisation 3459: 3455: 3424:Section 51(xxvi) 3363:welfare payments 3304:issued a formal 3126:Douglas Nicholls 3118:Parliament House 3025:section 51(xxvi) 2978:Vincent Lingiari 2948:Evonne Goolagong 2924:Albert Namatjira 2890:was marked as a 2870: 2867: 2843:British subjects 2780: 2773: 2766: 2754: 2708:Papua New Guinea 2236:Ancestral domain 2223: 2200: 2199: 2032:Pacific Islander 1842:(1826), and the 1677:South Australia 1649:New South Wales 1584:State/territory 1581: 1577: 1406:hunter-gatherers 1331:Native Americans 1250:Native Americans 1240:, as well as to 1210:Eastern Eurasian 1195: 1032:saltwater people 1021:Freshwater tribe 1006: 994: 982: 970: 958: 946: 934: 744: 741: 684: 681: 646: 603:Blak sovereignty 329:Papua New Guinea 82: 81: 60:Total population 57: 55: 49: 21: 25806: 25805: 25801: 25800: 25799: 25797: 25796: 25795: 25776: 25775: 25774: 25769: 25758: 25753: 25748: 25738: 25733: 25723: 25718: 25708: 25703: 25693: 25688: 25671: 25658: 25628: 25623: 25563:Media portrayal 25526:1967 Referendum 25514: 25422:Gurindji Strike 25417:Day of Mourning 25369: 25279: 25172: 25119: 25017: 24973:Language groups 24939: 24781: 24733: 24685: 24680: 24650: 24645: 24610: 24533: 24527: 24510: 24504: 24485:Solomon Islands 24423: 24418: 24382: 24212: 24191: 24110: 24076:Solomon Islands 23943: 23866: 23860: 23843: 23837: 23818:Solomon Islands 23756: 23751: 23709: 23693: 23616: 23610: 23593: 23587: 23568:Solomon Islands 23506: 23501: 23456: 23403:Aloha Festivals 23378: 23252: 23211:Paopao (Tuvalu) 23201:Māori migration 23149: 23121:Stick charts of 23075:Solomon Islands 22958:Chatham Islands 22920: 22914: 22863: 22743: 22736: 22731: 22701: 22696: 22683: 22676: 22669: 22662: 22649: 22610:Public holidays 22551: 22495:Life expectancy 22408: 22290: 22241: 22030: 22002: 21988:Protected areas 21894: 21833: 21766: 21757: 21719: 21717: 21707: 21699: 21687: 21675: 21666: 21664: 21655: 21646: 21644: 21639: 21630: 21628: 21627:on 15 July 2010 21619: 21607: 21604: 21603: 21602: 21592: 21591: 21587: 21580: 21575: 21556: 21555:978-929142462-7 21545: 21531: 21529: 21525: 21519: 21508: 21504: 21418: 21399:10.2307/3014371 21304: 21302: 21301:on 8 March 2019 21298: 21283: 21265: 21264:978-157181410-4 21246: 21207: 21205: 21201: 21196: 21187: 21185: 21157: 21148: 21146: 21131: 21129: 21120:Garde, Murray. 21110: 21108: 21104: 21093: 21079: 21077: 21064: 21055: 21043: 21034: 21032: 21023: 21011: 21002: 21000: 20991: 20982: 20980: 20971: 20957: 20945: 20935: 20933: 20924: 20915: 20913:Further reading 20910: 20903: 20896: 20879: 20877: 20836: 20738: 20736: 20693: 20691: 20671: 20670:978-064226954-6 20643: 20632: 20616: 20614: 20596: 20594: 20570: 20560: 20559:978-073152874-5 20536: 20534: 20516: 20514: 20496: 20494: 20467: 20465: 20463:Parks Australia 20448: 20446: 20432: 20430: 20412: 20410: 20373: 20371: 20354: 20352: 20328: 20313: 20294: 20292: 20274: 20272: 20260: 20232: 20133: 20131: 20087: 20069: 20034: 20032: 20014: 20012: 19998:10.1071/RJ10009 19974: 19972: 19958: 19956: 19939: 19917: 19915: 19896: 19885: 19831: 19817: 19815: 19782: 19748: 19746: 19745:on 1 April 2015 19722: 19720: 19713:Reef Catchments 19688: 19659: 19657: 19629: 19618: 19559: 19557: 19556:on 3 April 2013 19513: 19512:978-192502163-9 19498: 19487: 19486:978-174223392-5 19465: 19463: 19445: 19443: 19426:Wayback Machine 19409: 19407: 19369: 19367: 19363: 19350: 19348: 19336: 19323: 19321: 19305: 19299: 19288: 19243:(6052): 94–98. 19221: 19219: 19202: 19200: 19169: 19167: 19149: 19147: 19123: 19116: 19103: 19101: 19082: 19080: 19076: 19054: 19052: 19024: 19005: 19004:978-191134478-0 18986: 18985:978-085575549-2 18914: 18912: 18894: 18892: 18870: 18819: 18817: 18799: 18797: 18772: 18770: 18752: 18750: 18735: 18733: 18715: 18713: 18695: 18693: 18661: 18660:978-192124882-5 18612: 18610: 18596: 18594: 18563: 18561: 18541: 18539: 18525: 18523: 18519: 18512: 18442: 18435: 18421: 18419: 18395: 18393: 18379: 18377: 18339: 18325: 18323: 18322:on 23 July 2007 18305: 18303: 18289: 18287: 18203: 18201: 18183: 18181: 18162: 18160: 18137: 18135: 18087: 18009: 18008:978-064227895-1 17990: 17982:. p. 229. 17962: 17960: 17769: 17767: 17641: 17627: 17625: 17603: 17601: 17559: 17557: 17548:Londey, Peter. 17541: 17540:978-174305499-4 17531:Wakefield Press 17515: 17513: 17495: 17493: 17478: 17476: 17395: 17369: 17367: 17352: 17350: 17332: 17330: 17312: 17310: 17306: 17293: 17291: 17252: 17250: 17232: 17230: 17212: 17210: 17192: 17190: 17159: 17157: 17134: 17132: 17131:on 4 April 2010 17113: 17112:978-157181410-4 17091: 17089: 17078:The World Today 17040: 17038: 17020: 17018: 16943: 16941: 16923: 16921: 16919:Parks Australia 16904: 16902: 16884: 16882: 16854: 16832: 16830: 16812: 16810: 16809:. 2 August 2008 16780: 16778: 16764: 16762: 16744: 16742: 16741:on 14 June 2010 16724: 16722: 16704: 16702: 16684: 16682: 16660: 16658: 16636: 16634: 16618: 16607: 16540: 16538: 16481: 16479: 16461: 16459: 16444: 16442: 16403: 16401: 16383: 16381: 16380:on 3 March 2009 16363: 16361: 16343: 16341: 16340:on 28 June 2016 16323: 16321: 16303: 16301: 16260: 16258: 16240: 16238: 16201: 16199: 16181: 16179: 16161: 16159: 16144: 16142: 16098: 16096: 16092: 16081: 16067: 16065: 16045:Cosmos Magazine 16028: 16026: 16010: 15980: 15955: 15953: 15935: 15933: 15914: 15892: 15890: 15866: 15850: 15794:on 15 May 2013. 15791: 15768: 15749: 15726: 15725:978-098033207-0 15715: 15702: 15701:978-020718448-2 15673: 15671: 15667: 15660: 15647: 15645: 15620: 15618: 15600: 15598: 15583: 15559: 15557: 15542: 15541:978-192502288-9 15501: 15474: 15472: 15464: 15445: 15432: 15413: 15391: 15389: 15375: 15373: 15355: 15353: 15335: 15333: 15318: 15317:978-095777280-9 15296: 15294: 15276: 15274: 15230: 15228: 15211: 15209: 15206:Closing the Gap 15202:"Draft Targets" 15196:on 1 June 2011. 15178: 15154: 15152: 15125: 15123: 15090: 15088: 15009: 15007: 14989: 14987: 14964: 14962: 14898: 14896: 14879: 14878:978-174258807-0 14857: 14855: 14830: 14828: 14810: 14808: 14763: 14761: 14744: 14742: 14728: 14726: 14725:on 29 July 2013 14708: 14706: 14688: 14686: 14672: 14670: 14656: 14654: 14632: 14630: 14626: 14620: 14609: 14594: 14592: 14574: 14572: 14550: 14548: 14475: 14473: 14447: 14445: 14427: 14425: 14410: 14384: 14382: 14357:10.1071/rs18007 14331: 14290: 14288: 14269: 14267: 14255: 14235:Broome, Richard 14209:South Australia 14191:New South Wales 14174: 14172: 14171:on 22 July 2008 14088: 14067: 14066:978-174331382-4 14045: 14043: 14027: 14007: 14005: 13976: 13974: 13956: 13954: 13939: 13938:978-033329949-4 13929:A Land Half Won 13917: 13915: 13861: 13859: 13839: 13837: 13819: 13817: 13813: 13786: 13784: 13764: 13762: 13748: 13746: 13728: 13726: 13708: 13706: 13684: 13682: 13663: 13661: 13629: 13627: 13609: 13607: 13603: 13592: 13538: 13536: 13529: 13503: 13481: 13479: 13475: 13468: 13451: 13449: 13427: 13425: 13407: 13401: 13386: 13266: 13264: 13246: 13244: 13214: 13212: 13190: 13188: 13162: 13160: 13140: 13138: 13124: 13122: 13092: 13090: 13068: 13066: 13053:on 1 July 2014. 13029: 13027: 13009: 13007: 12977: 12975: 12956: 12915: 12913: 12895: 12893: 12867: 12865: 12848: 12846: 12845:. 28 April 2016 12828: 12826: 12808: 12806: 12788: 12786: 12764: 12762: 12748: 12746: 12728: 12726: 12704: 12702: 12684: 12682: 12660: 12658: 12640: 12638: 12624: 12622: 12608: 12606: 12592: 12590: 12556: 12554: 12540: 12538: 12512: 12510: 12488: 12486: 12444: 12442: 12429: 12424: 12413: 12409: 12401: 12397: 12389: 12385: 12374: 12370: 12359: 12355: 12347: 12343: 12335: 12331: 12323: 12319: 12311: 12307: 12299: 12295: 12287: 12283: 12275: 12271: 12263: 12254: 12246: 12242: 12236:EnviroNorth n.d 12234: 12230: 12224:Wellington 2019 12222: 12218: 12210: 12206: 12198: 12194: 12186: 12182: 12174: 12170: 12162: 12158: 12150: 12146: 12138: 12134: 12126: 12122: 12111: 12107: 12101:O'Sullivan 2017 12099: 12095: 12087: 12083: 12075: 12071: 12063: 12056: 12048: 12044: 12036: 12032: 12024: 12020: 12012: 12008: 12000: 11996: 11988: 11984: 11973: 11969: 11961: 11957: 11949: 11942: 11934: 11930: 11922: 11918: 11910: 11906: 11898: 11891: 11881: 11879: 11871: 11870: 11866: 11856: 11854: 11846: 11845: 11841: 11833: 11829: 11821: 11817: 11809: 11805: 11797: 11793: 11785: 11781: 11773: 11769: 11761: 11757: 11749: 11745: 11739:ABS 4510.0 2017 11737: 11733: 11725: 11721: 11713: 11709: 11701: 11697: 11689: 11685: 11677: 11673: 11665: 11661: 11655:ABS 4714.0 2016 11653: 11649: 11630: 11626: 11618: 11614: 11606: 11602: 11596:CtG Report 2019 11594: 11585: 11577: 11573: 11565: 11558: 11550: 11546: 11538: 11534: 11526: 11522: 11514: 11510: 11502: 11498: 11490: 11486: 11475: 11471: 11463: 11452: 11444: 11440: 11432: 11425: 11419:ABS 4704.0 2008 11417: 11413: 11405: 11392: 11384: 11380: 11372: 11368: 11362:Farnsworth 2007 11360: 11356: 11348: 11344: 11336: 11332: 11326:Blandowski 1862 11324: 11320: 11312: 11308: 11300: 11296: 11288: 11284: 11276: 11272: 11264: 11260: 11252: 11248: 11240: 11236: 11228: 11224: 11216: 11212: 11204: 11200: 11192: 11188: 11180: 11176: 11168: 11164: 11156: 11152: 11141: 11137: 11129: 11125: 11117: 11113: 11107:Aboriginal Arts 11105: 11101: 11093: 11089: 11081: 11077: 11069: 11065: 11057: 11053: 11045: 11041: 11033: 11029: 11021: 11017: 11009: 11005: 10997: 10993: 10985: 10981: 10973: 10969: 10961: 10957: 10949: 10945: 10937: 10933: 10925: 10921: 10913: 10906: 10898: 10894: 10886: 10879: 10871: 10867: 10859: 10855: 10847: 10843: 10835: 10831: 10823: 10819: 10811: 10802: 10794: 10790: 10782: 10778: 10770: 10766: 10758: 10751: 10743: 10739: 10735:, pp. 7–9. 10731: 10727: 10719: 10715: 10707: 10703: 10695: 10691: 10683: 10679: 10671: 10667: 10659: 10655: 10649:Zuckermann 2009 10647: 10643: 10635: 10631: 10623: 10619: 10613:ABS 3238.0 2018 10611: 10604: 10596: 10592: 10586:ABS 2077.0 2018 10584: 10580: 10572: 10568: 10560: 10556: 10548: 10544: 10536: 10529: 10521: 10517: 10509: 10505: 10497: 10490: 10482: 10478: 10474:, pp. 3–4. 10470: 10466: 10458: 10447: 10439: 10432: 10424: 10420: 10412: 10408: 10400: 10396: 10388: 10381: 10373: 10366: 10358: 10351: 10343: 10339: 10331: 10327: 10319: 10315: 10307: 10303: 10295: 10291: 10283: 10279: 10271: 10267: 10256: 10252: 10244: 10240: 10232: 10228: 10220: 10216: 10208: 10204: 10187: 10186: 10182: 10174: 10170: 10162: 10158: 10150: 10143: 10135: 10131: 10123: 10119: 10111: 10100: 10092: 10085: 10077: 10070: 10062: 10058: 10050: 10046: 10038: 10034: 10026: 10022: 10014: 10010: 10002: 9998: 9990: 9986: 9978: 9974: 9966: 9959: 9951: 9947: 9939: 9935: 9927: 9923: 9915: 9911: 9903: 9899: 9891: 9887: 9879: 9875: 9867: 9863: 9855: 9851: 9845:NMoA – walk-off 9843: 9839: 9831: 9827: 9819: 9810: 9802: 9798: 9790: 9786: 9778: 9774: 9766: 9762: 9754: 9750: 9742: 9738: 9730: 9726: 9718: 9714: 9706: 9702: 9694: 9690: 9682: 9678: 9670: 9666: 9658:Five Fast Facts 9655: 9651: 9643: 9639: 9631: 9627: 9617: 9613: 9601: 9597: 9589: 9582: 9574: 9561: 9551: 9549: 9541: 9540: 9536: 9528: 9524: 9508: 9504: 9496: 9492: 9484: 9480: 9472: 9468: 9460: 9456: 9448: 9444: 9436: 9429: 9421: 9417: 9406: 9402: 9394: 9390: 9382: 9378: 9370: 9366: 9358: 9354: 9346: 9342: 9334: 9330: 9322: 9313: 9305: 9296: 9288: 9284: 9276: 9272: 9264: 9260: 9252: 9248: 9240: 9236: 9228: 9224: 9216: 9212: 9204: 9200: 9189: 9185: 9177: 9173: 9165: 9161: 9153: 9149: 9141: 9137: 9129: 9125: 9117: 9113: 9105: 9101: 9093: 9086: 9078: 9071: 9063: 9059: 9051: 9047: 9039: 9032: 9024: 9020: 9012: 9008: 9000: 8996: 8988: 8984: 8973: 8969: 8961: 8957: 8949: 8945: 8937: 8933: 8925: 8918: 8910: 8903: 8895: 8891: 8883: 8879: 8871: 8867: 8856: 8852: 8844: 8840: 8832: 8828: 8820: 8816: 8808: 8801: 8793: 8784: 8776: 8772: 8764: 8760: 8752: 8748: 8740: 8736: 8728: 8724: 8716: 8712: 8704: 8700: 8692: 8688: 8680: 8676: 8668: 8664: 8656: 8652: 8644: 8640: 8632: 8625: 8617: 8613: 8605: 8601: 8593: 8589: 8581: 8577: 8569: 8565: 8557: 8553: 8549:, p. 1074. 8545: 8541: 8533: 8529: 8521: 8517: 8509: 8505: 8497: 8490: 8482: 8475: 8467: 8460: 8452: 8448: 8440: 8436: 8428: 8424: 8416: 8412: 8404: 8400: 8392: 8388: 8380: 8373: 8365: 8361: 8353: 8349: 8341: 8337: 8329: 8325: 8317: 8313: 8305: 8301: 8293: 8289: 8281: 8277: 8269: 8265: 8257: 8253: 8245: 8241: 8233: 8229: 8221: 8217: 8209: 8205: 8197: 8193: 8185: 8181: 8173: 8169: 8161: 8157: 8149: 8145: 8137: 8133: 8125: 8121: 8113: 8096: 8088: 8079: 8071: 8067: 8059: 8055: 8049:ABS Census 2017 8047: 8040: 8032: 8028: 8020: 8016: 8008: 8001: 7993: 7989: 7981: 7977: 7969: 7965: 7957: 7953: 7945: 7941: 7933: 7926: 7918: 7914: 7906: 7902: 7894: 7890: 7882: 7878: 7870: 7866: 7858: 7854: 7846: 7842: 7834: 7830: 7822: 7818: 7810: 7806: 7795: 7791: 7783: 7779: 7773:Media RING 2018 7771: 7767: 7759: 7755: 7747: 7743: 7735: 7731: 7723: 7719: 7707: 7703: 7695: 7691: 7683: 7679: 7671: 7664: 7656: 7652: 7644: 7637: 7629: 7622: 7607: 7603: 7597:ABS 1301.0 2002 7595: 7588: 7580: 7573: 7565: 7558: 7550: 7539: 7531: 7527: 7519: 7515: 7507: 7500: 7492: 7483: 7475: 7469: 7465: 7457: 7438: 7423: 7422: 7418: 7410: 7403: 7395: 7391: 7383: 7376: 7368: 7364: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7333: 7324: 7320: 7314: 7310: 7304:ABS 2017.0 2017 7301: 7297: 7288: 7284: 7280:, p. 205). 7274: 7270: 7254: 7250: 7226: 7222: 7205: 7201: 7197:, p. 153). 7192: 7188: 7182: 7178: 7170: 7166: 7157: 7153: 7148: 7144: 7138: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7018: 7013: 7011: 7004: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6947:Charles Perkins 6943:South Australia 6876:Deborah Mailman 6845:King George III 6823: 6817:Sydney Olympics 6798: 6792: 6772:South Australia 6704: 6692:Main articles: 6690: 6603: 6581: 6575: 6452: 6410:Alison Anderson 6382:South Australia 6371:Bathurst Island 6341:In March 2013, 6258:1967 referendum 6246: 6232: 6223:Day of Mourning 6191: 6182: 6158: 6154: 6147: 6131: 6123:Closing the Gap 6118: 6091: 6085: 6083:Family violence 6045:commissioned a 6007: 6001: 5976: 5952:Closing the Gap 5913: 5907:Closing the Gap 5903: 5876:Petrol sniffing 5859:smoking tobacco 5851:methamphetamine 5847:petrol sniffing 5839:substance abuse 5835: 5833:Substance abuse 5799: 5787: 5785:Life expectancy 5771:type 2 diabetes 5740: 5734: 5688:Closing the Gap 5658:substance abuse 5646:life expectancy 5626:psychologically 5622:children abused 5613: 5611:Closing the Gap 5607: 5605:Closing the Gap 5602: 5471:, December 1866 5442:Gavin Wanganeen 5426:New South Wales 5372:regions of the 5345: 5339: 5334: 5328: 5283:Top End Wedding 5265:Miranda Tapsell 5241:Deborah Mailman 5090:Thomas Keneally 5062:Robert Tudawali 5038:Baldwin Spencer 5033: 5015: 4991: 4987: 4980: 4914:Tara June Winch 4838: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4828: 4820: 4819: 4813: 4802: 4796: 4668: 4660:Main articles: 4658: 4616: 4545:in Sydney. The 4519: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4492: 4483: 4482: 4481: 4472: 4463: 4462: 4461: 4451: 4440: 4435: 4429: 4423: 4410: 4385: 4361: 4339:people only in 4301: 4295: 4282: 4276: 4237:Rainbow Serpent 4219: 4213: 4208: 4194:Depiction of a 4188: 4168:Papuan language 4144: 4138: 4122: 4060: 4048:Main articles: 4046: 4041: 4034: 4031: 4022: 4018: 4009: 4005: 3996: 3992: 3983: 3979: 3970: 3967: 3958: 3955: 3946: 3942: 3933: 3930: 3921: 3918: 3909: 3904: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3789: 3775: 3770: 3769: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3754: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3726: 3725: 3724: 3721: 3710: 3704: 3638:church missions 3610: 3604: 3591: 3454: 3446:1967 referendum 3411: 3341: 3314: 3248: 3242: 3219:hunter-gatherer 3162:Shadow Minister 3124:. In 1976, Sir 3013:1967 referendum 2980:led the famous 2957: 2916: 2892:Day of Mourning 2868: 2862:South Australia 2835:cattle stations 2822: 2810:church missions 2794: 2784: 2752: 2627:Inhabited lands 2241:Cultural rights 2198: 2183:on the lawn of 2149: 2140:Murdering Gully 2099:Rottnest Island 2079: 2071:Main articles: 2069: 2045:Rottnest Island 1948:fishermen from 1926: 1910:Thursday Island 1809:Batman's Treaty 1798: 1762:King George III 1754:William Dampier 1738: 1733: 1709: 1593: 1588: 1474:Thomas Mitchell 1383: 1378: 1366: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1196: 1185: 1179: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1078: 1066:Main articles: 1064: 1048:spinifex people 1024: 1017: 1015:Other groupings 1010: 1007: 998: 995: 986: 983: 974: 971: 962: 959: 950: 947: 938: 935: 894:Papuan language 876: 870: 808:– are all from 754:South Australia 742: 716: 704:Main articles: 682: 668: 663: 661:Regional groups 644: 605: 599: 543: 537: 475: 450: 444:report (1997). 340:self-identified 338:812,728 people 278: 238: 234: 229: 227: 151:South Australia 86:New South Wales 70: 53: 52: 48: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 25804: 25794: 25793: 25788: 25771: 25770: 25763: 25760: 25759: 25755: 25754: 25741: 25739: 25726: 25724: 25711: 25709: 25696: 25694: 25681: 25676: 25673: 25672: 25657: 25656: 25649: 25642: 25634: 25625: 25624: 25622: 25621: 25616: 25615: 25614: 25609: 25604: 25592: 25591: 25590: 25588:Half-Caste Act 25580: 25578:Reconciliation 25575: 25570: 25565: 25560: 25559: 25558: 25556:Protected Area 25553: 25543: 25538: 25533: 25528: 25522: 25520: 25516: 25515: 25513: 25512: 25507: 25502: 25501: 25500: 25490: 25485: 25483:Pilbara strike 25480: 25473: 25468: 25463: 25462: 25461: 25451: 25446: 25445: 25444: 25439: 25429: 25424: 25419: 25414: 25409: 25404: 25403: 25402: 25397: 25387: 25379: 25377: 25371: 25370: 25368: 25367: 25362: 25357: 25352: 25347: 25342: 25337: 25336: 25335: 25330: 25320: 25315: 25310: 25305: 25300: 25295: 25289: 25287: 25281: 25280: 25278: 25277: 25272: 25267: 25262: 25260:Spinifex resin 25257: 25252: 25247: 25242: 25237: 25232: 25227: 25222: 25217: 25212: 25207: 25202: 25197: 25192: 25186: 25184: 25178: 25177: 25174: 25173: 25171: 25170: 25165: 25160: 25155: 25150: 25145: 25140: 25135: 25129: 25127: 25118: 25117: 25111: 25110: 25109: 25108: 25103: 25093: 25088: 25083: 25078: 25073: 25068: 25063: 25058: 25053: 25048: 25043: 25038: 25033: 25027: 25025: 25019: 25018: 25016: 25015: 25010: 25005: 25000: 24998:Sign languages 24995: 24990: 24985: 24980: 24975: 24970: 24965: 24960: 24955: 24949: 24947: 24941: 24940: 24938: 24937: 24932: 24927: 24922: 24917: 24912: 24907: 24902: 24897: 24892: 24887: 24882: 24877: 24872: 24867: 24862: 24857: 24852: 24851: 24850: 24845: 24837: 24832: 24827: 24822: 24817: 24812: 24807: 24802: 24797: 24791: 24789: 24783: 24782: 24780: 24779: 24774: 24772:Visual artists 24769: 24764: 24759: 24754: 24749: 24743: 24741: 24735: 24734: 24732: 24731: 24726: 24721: 24716: 24711: 24706: 24701: 24695: 24693: 24687: 24686: 24679: 24678: 24671: 24664: 24656: 24647: 24646: 24619: 24616: 24615: 24612: 24611: 24609: 24608: 24603: 24598: 24593: 24588: 24586:Norfolk Island 24583: 24578: 24573: 24568: 24563: 24558: 24553: 24548: 24543: 24541:American Samoa 24537: 24535: 24529: 24528: 24526: 24525: 24520: 24514: 24512: 24511:of New Zealand 24506: 24505: 24503: 24502: 24497: 24492: 24487: 24482: 24477: 24472: 24467: 24462: 24457: 24452: 24447: 24442: 24437: 24431: 24429: 24425: 24424: 24417: 24416: 24409: 24402: 24394: 24388: 24384: 24383: 24381: 24380: 24375: 24370: 24365: 24360: 24355: 24350: 24345: 24340: 24335: 24330: 24325: 24320: 24315: 24310: 24305: 24300: 24295: 24290: 24285: 24280: 24275: 24270: 24265: 24260: 24255: 24250: 24247: 24241: 24236: 24231: 24226: 24220: 24218: 24214: 24213: 24211: 24210: 24205: 24199: 24197: 24193: 24192: 24190: 24189: 24184: 24179: 24174: 24169: 24164: 24159: 24154: 24149: 24144: 24139: 24134: 24129: 24124: 24118: 24116: 24112: 24111: 24109: 24108: 24103: 24098: 24093: 24088: 24083: 24078: 24073: 24068: 24063: 24058: 24053: 24048: 24043: 24038: 24037: 24036: 24026: 24021: 24016: 24011: 24006: 24001: 23996: 23991: 23986: 23981: 23976: 23971: 23966: 23961: 23955: 23953: 23949: 23948: 23945: 23944: 23942: 23941: 23936: 23931: 23926: 23921: 23919:Norfolk Island 23916: 23911: 23906: 23901: 23896: 23891: 23886: 23881: 23876: 23874:American Samoa 23870: 23868: 23862: 23861: 23859: 23858: 23853: 23847: 23845: 23844:of New Zealand 23839: 23838: 23836: 23835: 23830: 23825: 23820: 23815: 23810: 23805: 23800: 23795: 23790: 23785: 23780: 23775: 23770: 23764: 23762: 23758: 23757: 23750: 23749: 23742: 23735: 23727: 23721: 23715: 23714: 23711: 23710: 23705: 23703: 23699: 23698: 23695: 23694: 23692: 23691: 23686: 23681: 23676: 23671: 23669:Norfolk Island 23666: 23661: 23656: 23651: 23646: 23641: 23636: 23631: 23626: 23624:American Samoa 23620: 23618: 23612: 23611: 23609: 23608: 23603: 23597: 23595: 23594:of New Zealand 23589: 23588: 23586: 23585: 23580: 23575: 23570: 23565: 23560: 23555: 23550: 23545: 23540: 23535: 23530: 23525: 23520: 23514: 23512: 23508: 23507: 23500: 23499: 23492: 23485: 23477: 23471: 23464: 23458: 23457: 23455: 23454: 23449: 23448: 23447: 23437: 23436: 23435: 23430: 23422: 23417: 23416: 23415: 23410: 23405: 23397: 23396: 23395: 23393:Garma Festival 23386: 23384: 23380: 23379: 23377: 23376: 23371: 23366: 23361: 23356: 23351: 23346: 23341: 23336: 23331: 23326: 23321: 23316: 23311: 23306: 23301: 23296: 23291: 23286: 23281: 23276: 23271: 23266: 23260: 23258: 23254: 23253: 23251: 23250: 23245: 23244: 23243: 23233: 23228: 23223: 23218: 23213: 23208: 23203: 23198: 23193: 23188: 23183: 23178: 23173: 23168: 23166:Alingano Maisu 23163: 23157: 23155: 23151: 23150: 23148: 23147: 23146: 23145: 23138: 23126: 23125: 23124: 23112: 23107: 23102: 23097: 23092: 23087: 23082: 23077: 23072: 23067: 23062: 23057: 23052: 23050:Norfolk Island 23047: 23042: 23041: 23040: 23030: 23025: 23020: 23015: 23010: 23005: 23004: 23003: 22991: 22990: 22989: 22982: 22970: 22965: 22960: 22955: 22943: 22938: 22937: 22936: 22924: 22922: 22916: 22915: 22913: 22912: 22907: 22902: 22897: 22892: 22887: 22882: 22877: 22871: 22869: 22865: 22864: 22862: 22861: 22856: 22851: 22846: 22841: 22836: 22831: 22826: 22821: 22816: 22811: 22806: 22805: 22804: 22794: 22789: 22784: 22779: 22777:kapa (Hawaiʻi) 22774: 22769: 22764: 22759: 22753: 22751: 22745: 22744: 22741: 22738: 22737: 22730: 22729: 22722: 22715: 22707: 22698: 22697: 22695: 22694: 22689: 22682: 22681: 22674: 22667: 22659: 22658: 22655: 22654: 22651: 22650: 22648: 22647: 22642: 22637: 22632: 22627: 22622: 22617: 22612: 22607: 22602: 22597: 22592: 22587: 22582: 22577: 22572: 22567: 22561: 22559: 22553: 22552: 22550: 22549: 22544: 22539: 22534: 22529: 22524: 22519: 22518: 22517: 22512: 22507: 22497: 22492: 22487: 22482: 22477: 22472: 22467: 22462: 22457: 22452: 22447: 22442: 22437: 22432: 22426: 22420: 22414: 22413: 22410: 22409: 22407: 22406: 22404:Welfare system 22401: 22396: 22391: 22386: 22381: 22379:Superannuation 22376: 22374:Stock exchange 22371: 22366: 22361: 22356: 22351: 22346: 22341: 22340: 22339: 22337:Public housing 22332:Home ownership 22329: 22324: 22319: 22314: 22308: 22302: 22296: 22295: 22292: 22291: 22289: 22288: 22287: 22286: 22279:Prime Minister 22276: 22275: 22274: 22264: 22263: 22262: 22251: 22249: 22243: 22242: 22240: 22239: 22237:Shadow Cabinet 22234: 22233: 22232: 22227: 22217: 22215:Public Service 22212: 22211: 22210: 22205: 22200: 22195: 22190: 22185: 22180: 22175: 22165: 22160: 22155: 22150: 22145: 22144: 22143: 22138: 22133: 22123: 22118: 22117: 22116: 22111: 22106: 22096: 22091: 22089:Federal budget 22086: 22085: 22084: 22079: 22074: 22064: 22059: 22054: 22048: 22042: 22036: 22035: 22032: 22031: 22029: 22028: 22023: 22018: 22012: 22010: 22004: 22003: 22001: 22000: 21995: 21990: 21985: 21980: 21975: 21970: 21965: 21960: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21944: 21943: 21933: 21928: 21923: 21921:Climate change 21918: 21912: 21906: 21900: 21899: 21896: 21895: 21893: 21892: 21887: 21882: 21877: 21872: 21867: 21862: 21857: 21852: 21850:Constitutional 21847: 21841: 21839: 21835: 21834: 21832: 21831: 21826: 21821: 21816: 21811: 21806: 21801: 21796: 21791: 21786: 21780: 21774: 21768: 21767: 21756: 21755: 21748: 21741: 21733: 21727: 21726: 21705: 21697: 21685: 21673: 21653: 21637: 21617: 21601: 21600: 21594: 21593: 21582: 21581: 21579: 21578:External links 21576: 21574: 21573: 21560: 21554: 21538: 21517: 21496: 21495: 21469: 21411: 21393:(4): 404–412. 21378: 21311: 21270: 21269: 21263: 21250: 21244: 21223: 21222: 21202:(Zoomable map) 21194: 21172: 21155: 21138: 21117: 21086: 21062: 21053: 21041: 21021: 21009: 20989: 20969: 20968: 20967: 20955: 20916: 20914: 20911: 20909: 20908: 20886: 20870:The Australian 20861: 20848: 20834: 20816: 20804: 20769: 20760: 20745: 20700: 20675: 20669: 20656: 20647: 20641: 20623: 20603: 20583: 20575:United Service 20563: 20558: 20543: 20523: 20503: 20483: 20474: 20455: 20439: 20419: 20403: 20380: 20361: 20345: 20332: 20326: 20301: 20291:on 10 May 2013 20281: 20264: 20258: 20245: 20236: 20230: 20215: 20152: 20140: 20118: 20117: 20116: 20073: 20067: 20053: 20041: 20021: 20002: 19981: 19965: 19943: 19937: 19924: 19900: 19894: 19876: 19842:(3): 203–217. 19824: 19804: 19791: 19776: 19767: 19765:. 4 June 2018. 19755: 19729: 19705: 19692: 19686: 19666: 19646: 19633: 19627: 19609: 19581:(4): 356–364. 19566: 19546: 19517: 19511: 19491: 19485: 19472: 19452: 19428: 19406:on 7 July 2020 19392: 19376: 19357: 19330: 19310: 19297: 19279: 19228: 19209: 19189: 19176: 19156: 19136: 19128: 19110: 19090: 19069: 19061: 19036: 19022: 19009: 19003: 18990: 18984: 18971: 18955:Before Farming 18950: 18938:10.1086/203909 18921: 18901: 18879: 18855: 18826: 18806: 18791:Adams, Phillip 18779: 18759: 18742: 18722: 18702: 18686:The Australian 18678: 18665: 18659: 18651:Magabala Books 18649:. Broome, WA: 18640: 18630:(27): 93–101. 18619: 18603: 18593:. 1 April 2006 18583: 18570: 18548: 18532: 18506: 18480:(3): 367–381. 18469: 18460: 18452:"The Blakyard" 18447: 18428: 18402: 18386: 18376:on 1 July 2005 18365: 18352: 18332: 18312: 18296: 18279: 18270: 18249: 18223:(3): 329–349. 18210: 18190: 18169: 18144: 18124: 18089: 18059:(2): 297–305. 18044: 18023:Arena Magazine 18013: 18007: 17994: 17988: 17969: 17947: 17939: 17886: 17835: 17776: 17755: 17743:10.1086/522350 17726: 17707: 17686: 17634: 17610: 17594: 17581: 17566: 17545: 17539: 17522: 17502: 17485: 17461: 17423:(4): 889–902. 17408: 17399: 17393: 17376: 17359: 17339: 17319: 17300: 17284: 17274:(1): 132–153. 17259: 17239: 17219: 17199: 17179: 17166: 17141: 17117: 17111: 17098: 17069: 17056: 17047: 17027: 17006: 16984:10.1086/346065 16978:(2): 281–302. 16963: 16959:The Australian 16950: 16930: 16911: 16891: 16871: 16858: 16852: 16839: 16819: 16807:The Australian 16799: 16795:The Australian 16787: 16771: 16751: 16731: 16711: 16691: 16667: 16643: 16633:. 3 July 2016b 16623: 16600: 16547: 16525: 16488: 16468: 16451: 16432: 16410: 16390: 16370: 16350: 16330: 16310: 16290: 16278: 16273:The Advertiser 16267: 16247: 16223: 16208: 16198:on 23 May 2013 16188: 16168: 16151: 16131: 16118: 16105: 16074: 16063:Yidaki History 16054: 16035: 16018: 16008: 15984: 15978: 15966:Gilbert, Kevin 15962: 15942: 15926: 15912: 15899: 15878: 15864: 15851: 15849: 15848: 15839: 15830: 15821: 15812: 15810:, p. 163. 15796: 15779:(3): 163–174. 15761: 15757:j.ctt24hfb0.12 15747: 15730: 15724: 15706: 15700: 15680: 15654: 15635: 15627: 15607: 15597:. 7 April 2009 15587: 15581: 15566: 15546: 15540: 15523: 15514: 15499: 15481: 15458: 15436: 15430: 15417: 15411: 15398: 15382: 15362: 15342: 15326:"Encyclopedia" 15322: 15316: 15303: 15283: 15266: 15237: 15218: 15198: 15182: 15176: 15161: 15141: 15132: 15122:on 11 May 2011 15108: 15097: 15078: 15063: 15042: 15029: 15016: 14996: 14971: 14954: 14917: 14905: 14883: 14877: 14864: 14837: 14817: 14793: 14770: 14751: 14735: 14715: 14695: 14679: 14663: 14653:on 6 July 2011 14643: 14618: 14601: 14581: 14561: 14537: 14482: 14462: 14454: 14434: 14414: 14408: 14391: 14370: 14335: 14329: 14314: 14297: 14287:on 15 May 2009 14276: 14264:"Lake Mungo 3" 14259: 14253: 14231: 14230: 14229: 14224: 14218: 14212: 14206: 14200: 14194: 14188: 14157: 14140: 14092: 14086: 14071: 14065: 14052: 14032: 14018: 13997: 13983: 13963: 13943: 13937: 13924: 13909:"Black Comedy" 13905: 13868: 13846: 13826: 13806: 13793: 13771: 13755: 13735: 13715: 13691: 13670: 13660:. 16 June 2020 13650: 13645:licence. (See 13616: 13586: 13545: 13523: 13521:on 5 May 2010. 13507: 13501: 13488: 13458: 13437: 13412: 13399: 13379: 13334: 13288:(2): 537–542. 13273: 13253: 13243:. 29 June 2015 13233: 13221: 13197: 13173: 13147: 13131: 13111: 13099: 13075: 13055: 13039: 13016: 13000: 12984: 12964: 12954: 12938: 12922: 12902: 12882: 12874: 12855: 12835: 12815: 12795: 12771: 12755: 12735: 12725:on 21 May 2010 12711: 12691: 12667: 12647: 12631: 12615: 12599: 12575: 12563: 12547: 12527: 12519: 12495: 12475: 12463: 12451: 12441:on 17 May 2022 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12422: 12407: 12395: 12383: 12377:The Australian 12368: 12353: 12341: 12329: 12317: 12313:Wahlquist 2018 12305: 12293: 12281: 12269: 12252: 12240: 12228: 12216: 12204: 12192: 12180: 12176:Nine News 2019 12168: 12156: 12144: 12132: 12120: 12114:The Australian 12105: 12093: 12081: 12069: 12054: 12042: 12038:Jeuniewic 2022 12030: 12018: 12006: 11994: 11982: 11976:The Australian 11967: 11955: 11940: 11928: 11916: 11904: 11889: 11864: 11839: 11827: 11815: 11803: 11791: 11779: 11767: 11755: 11743: 11731: 11719: 11707: 11695: 11683: 11671: 11659: 11647: 11624: 11612: 11600: 11583: 11571: 11556: 11544: 11532: 11520: 11508: 11496: 11484: 11469: 11450: 11438: 11423: 11411: 11390: 11386:NMoA – cricket 11378: 11366: 11354: 11342: 11330: 11318: 11306: 11294: 11282: 11270: 11258: 11246: 11234: 11222: 11210: 11198: 11186: 11174: 11162: 11158:Wiltshire 2017 11150: 11135: 11123: 11111: 11099: 11087: 11075: 11063: 11051: 11039: 11027: 11015: 11003: 10991: 10979: 10967: 10955: 10943: 10931: 10919: 10904: 10892: 10877: 10865: 10853: 10849:O'Sullivan n.d 10841: 10829: 10817: 10800: 10796:'The Dreaming' 10788: 10776: 10764: 10749: 10747:, p. 424. 10737: 10725: 10713: 10701: 10689: 10677: 10665: 10653: 10641: 10629: 10617: 10602: 10590: 10578: 10566: 10554: 10542: 10527: 10515: 10503: 10488: 10476: 10464: 10445: 10430: 10418: 10406: 10404:, p. 300. 10394: 10379: 10364: 10349: 10337: 10325: 10313: 10301: 10289: 10277: 10265: 10250: 10238: 10226: 10214: 10202: 10180: 10168: 10156: 10141: 10129: 10117: 10098: 10083: 10068: 10064:NMoA – contact 10056: 10044: 10032: 10020: 10008: 9996: 9984: 9972: 9957: 9945: 9933: 9921: 9909: 9897: 9885: 9873: 9861: 9849: 9837: 9825: 9808: 9796: 9784: 9772: 9760: 9748: 9736: 9724: 9712: 9710:, p. 229. 9700: 9688: 9676: 9664: 9649: 9637: 9625: 9611: 9595: 9580: 9578:, p. 275. 9559: 9534: 9522: 9502: 9490: 9478: 9466: 9454: 9442: 9427: 9415: 9409:Face the Facts 9400: 9388: 9376: 9364: 9352: 9340: 9328: 9311: 9294: 9282: 9270: 9258: 9246: 9244:, p. 329. 9234: 9222: 9210: 9198: 9192:United Service 9183: 9179:Kociumbas 2004 9171: 9159: 9147: 9135: 9123: 9111: 9099: 9095:TSRA – history 9084: 9069: 9057: 9055:, p. 245. 9045: 9030: 9018: 9006: 8994: 8982: 8967: 8955: 8943: 8931: 8916: 8901: 8889: 8885:MacKnight 1986 8877: 8865: 8850: 8838: 8826: 8822:Gerritsen 2008 8814: 8799: 8782: 8770: 8758: 8746: 8734: 8722: 8710: 8698: 8686: 8674: 8662: 8650: 8638: 8623: 8611: 8599: 8587: 8575: 8563: 8551: 8539: 8527: 8515: 8503: 8488: 8473: 8458: 8446: 8434: 8432:, p. 163. 8422: 8410: 8398: 8386: 8371: 8359: 8347: 8335: 8323: 8311: 8299: 8287: 8275: 8263: 8251: 8239: 8227: 8215: 8203: 8191: 8179: 8167: 8155: 8143: 8131: 8119: 8094: 8077: 8065: 8061:Ethnologue.com 8053: 8038: 8026: 8014: 7999: 7987: 7975: 7963: 7951: 7939: 7924: 7912: 7900: 7888: 7876: 7864: 7852: 7840: 7828: 7816: 7804: 7789: 7777: 7765: 7753: 7741: 7729: 7717: 7701: 7689: 7677: 7662: 7650: 7635: 7620: 7601: 7586: 7571: 7556: 7537: 7525: 7513: 7498: 7481: 7463: 7436: 7416: 7401: 7389: 7374: 7362: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7331: 7318: 7308: 7295: 7282: 7268: 7248: 7220: 7199: 7186: 7176: 7164: 7151: 7142: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7025: 7024: 7023: 7009: 6993: 6990: 6971:Marcia Langton 6911:Neville Bonner 6888:Jessica Mauboy 6882:, and singers 6868:David Gulpilil 6794:Main article: 6791: 6788: 6751:British Empire 6689: 6686: 6638:Joanne Farrell 6626:Peter Buckskin 6614:Marcia Langton 6585:Scott Morrison 6574: 6571: 6451: 6448: 6326:. His nephew, 6310:Following the 6295:), and former 6269:Neville Bonner 6256:following the 6231: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6211: 6208:King George VI 6204:William Cooper 6190: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6179:(January 2020) 6161: 6159: 6152: 6146: 6143: 6135:Scott Morrison 6130: 6127: 6084: 6081: 6003:Main article: 6000: 5997: 5975: 5972: 5943: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5902: 5899: 5834: 5831: 5798: 5795: 5786: 5783: 5744:discrimination 5733: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5684: 5683: 5672: 5609:Main article: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5535:Arthur Beetson 5511:Ashleigh Barty 5493:Johnny Mullagh 5450:Lance Franklin 5341:Main article: 5338: 5335: 5327: 5324: 5237:Aaron Pedersen 5229:Rachel Perkins 5202:), as well as 5200:Mabuiag Island 5076:David Gulpilil 5044:in 1900–1903. 5017: 5016: 5012:(January 2020) 4994: 4992: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4934:Marcia Langton 4842:Arthur Phillip 4829: 4822: 4821: 4814: 4807: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4798:Main article: 4795: 4792: 4740:relate to the 4657: 4654: 4509:Main article: 4493: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4473: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4452: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4425:Main article: 4422: 4419: 4409: 4406: 4384: 4381: 4360: 4357: 4294: 4291: 4275: 4272: 4268:Western desert 4228:oral tradition 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4187: 4186:Belief systems 4184: 4152:Kalaw Lagaw Ya 4140:Main article: 4137: 4134: 4121: 4118: 4084:R. M. W. Dixon 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4032: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3997: 3993: 3986: 3984: 3980: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3844: 3841: 3783:Groote Eylandt 3774: 3771: 3764: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3750: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3711: 3706:Main article: 3703: 3700: 3691:Justice Merkel 3603: 3600: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3453: 3450: 3410: 3407: 3380:Warren Mundine 3340: 3337: 3326:public apology 3313: 3310: 3257:Neville Bonner 3244:Main article: 3241: 3240:Reconciliation 3238: 3229:in Australia. 3205:Ashleigh Barty 3173:Arthur Beetson 3102:Neville Bonner 3079:Pitjantjatjara 2936:Aboriginal art 2915: 2912: 2831:sheep stations 2821: 2818: 2790:Main article: 2786: 2785: 2783: 2782: 2775: 2768: 2760: 2757: 2756: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2618: 2617: 2607: 2602: 2600:Discrimination 2597: 2592: 2587: 2585:Climate change 2582: 2577: 2572: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2542: 2537: 2535:The Red Nation 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2413: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2377: 2376: 2373:United Nations 2369: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2304:Arctic Council 2301: 2296: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2224: 2216: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2177: 2161: 2148: 2145: 2068: 2065: 1950:South Sulawesi 1925: 1922: 1797: 1794: 1790:Arthur Phillip 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1725:thatched roofs 1708: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1365: 1362: 1292:people of the 1200:East Eurasians 1197: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1178: 1175: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1063: 1060: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1001: 999: 996: 989: 987: 984: 977: 975: 972: 965: 963: 960: 953: 951: 948: 941: 939: 936: 929: 892:, and speak a 872:Main article: 869: 866: 798:Pitjantjatjara 667: 664: 662: 659: 654:Better in Blak 617:Destiny Deacon 598: 595: 536: 533: 517:language group 505:connotations. 474: 471: 460:, designed by 449: 446: 432:mixed heritage 296: 295: 285: 284: 280: 279: 277: 276: 275:(historically) 270: 264: 258: 251: 248: 247: 243: 242: 233:(historically) 207: 206: 202: 201: 198: 197: 195: 192: 186: 185: 182: 179: 173: 172: 169: 166: 160: 159: 156: 153: 147: 146: 143: 140: 134: 133: 130: 127: 121: 120: 117: 114: 108: 107: 104: 101: 95: 94: 91: 88: 78: 77: 73: 72: 62: 61: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 25803: 25792: 25789: 25787: 25784: 25783: 25781: 25768: 25767: 25761: 25752: 25751: 25750:South America 25746: 25740: 25737: 25736: 25731: 25725: 25722: 25721: 25720:North America 25716: 25710: 25707: 25706: 25701: 25695: 25692: 25691: 25686: 25680: 25679: 25674: 25670: 25666: 25662: 25655: 25650: 25648: 25643: 25641: 25636: 25635: 25632: 25620: 25619:Voting rights 25617: 25613: 25610: 25608: 25605: 25603: 25600: 25599: 25598: 25597: 25593: 25589: 25586: 25585: 25584: 25581: 25579: 25576: 25574: 25571: 25569: 25566: 25564: 25561: 25557: 25554: 25552: 25549: 25548: 25547: 25544: 25542: 25539: 25537: 25534: 25532: 25529: 25527: 25524: 25523: 25521: 25517: 25511: 25508: 25506: 25503: 25499: 25496: 25495: 25494: 25491: 25489: 25486: 25484: 25481: 25479: 25478: 25474: 25472: 25471:Native police 25469: 25467: 25464: 25460: 25457: 25456: 25455: 25452: 25450: 25447: 25443: 25440: 25438: 25435: 25434: 25433: 25430: 25428: 25425: 25423: 25420: 25418: 25415: 25413: 25410: 25408: 25405: 25401: 25398: 25396: 25393: 25392: 25391: 25388: 25386: 25385: 25381: 25380: 25378: 25376: 25372: 25366: 25363: 25361: 25358: 25356: 25353: 25351: 25348: 25346: 25343: 25341: 25338: 25334: 25331: 25329: 25326: 25325: 25324: 25321: 25319: 25316: 25314: 25311: 25309: 25306: 25304: 25301: 25299: 25298:Bark painting 25296: 25294: 25291: 25290: 25288: 25286: 25282: 25276: 25273: 25271: 25268: 25266: 25263: 25261: 25258: 25256: 25253: 25251: 25248: 25246: 25243: 25241: 25238: 25236: 25233: 25231: 25228: 25226: 25223: 25221: 25218: 25216: 25213: 25211: 25210:Bush medicine 25208: 25206: 25203: 25201: 25198: 25196: 25193: 25191: 25188: 25187: 25185: 25183: 25179: 25169: 25166: 25164: 25161: 25159: 25156: 25154: 25151: 25149: 25146: 25144: 25141: 25139: 25136: 25134: 25131: 25130: 25128: 25126: 25125:Land councils 25122: 25116: 25113: 25112: 25107: 25104: 25102: 25099: 25098: 25097: 25094: 25092: 25089: 25087: 25084: 25082: 25079: 25077: 25074: 25072: 25069: 25067: 25064: 25062: 25059: 25057: 25054: 25052: 25049: 25047: 25044: 25042: 25039: 25037: 25034: 25032: 25029: 25028: 25026: 25024: 25023:Organisations 25020: 25014: 25011: 25009: 25006: 25004: 25001: 24999: 24996: 24994: 24991: 24989: 24986: 24984: 24981: 24979: 24976: 24974: 24971: 24969: 24966: 24964: 24961: 24959: 24956: 24954: 24951: 24950: 24948: 24946: 24942: 24936: 24933: 24931: 24928: 24926: 24923: 24921: 24918: 24916: 24913: 24911: 24908: 24906: 24903: 24901: 24898: 24896: 24893: 24891: 24888: 24886: 24883: 24881: 24878: 24876: 24875:Message stick 24873: 24871: 24868: 24866: 24863: 24861: 24858: 24856: 24853: 24849: 24846: 24844: 24841: 24840: 24838: 24836: 24833: 24831: 24828: 24826: 24823: 24821: 24818: 24816: 24815:Deadly Awards 24813: 24811: 24808: 24806: 24803: 24801: 24798: 24796: 24793: 24792: 24790: 24788: 24784: 24778: 24775: 24773: 24770: 24768: 24765: 24763: 24760: 24758: 24755: 24753: 24750: 24748: 24745: 24744: 24742: 24740: 24736: 24730: 24727: 24725: 24722: 24720: 24717: 24715: 24712: 24710: 24707: 24705: 24702: 24700: 24697: 24696: 24694: 24692: 24688: 24684: 24677: 24672: 24670: 24665: 24663: 24658: 24657: 24654: 24643: 24639: 24635: 24631: 24627: 24623: 24617: 24607: 24604: 24602: 24599: 24597: 24594: 24592: 24589: 24587: 24584: 24582: 24581:New Caledonia 24579: 24577: 24574: 24572: 24569: 24567: 24564: 24562: 24561:Easter Island 24559: 24557: 24554: 24552: 24549: 24547: 24544: 24542: 24539: 24538: 24536: 24530: 24524: 24521: 24519: 24516: 24515: 24513: 24507: 24501: 24498: 24496: 24493: 24491: 24488: 24486: 24483: 24481: 24478: 24476: 24473: 24471: 24468: 24466: 24463: 24461: 24458: 24456: 24453: 24451: 24448: 24446: 24443: 24441: 24438: 24436: 24433: 24432: 24430: 24426: 24422: 24415: 24410: 24408: 24403: 24401: 24396: 24395: 24392: 24389: 24385: 24379: 24376: 24374: 24371: 24369: 24366: 24364: 24361: 24359: 24356: 24354: 24351: 24349: 24346: 24344: 24341: 24339: 24336: 24334: 24331: 24329: 24326: 24324: 24321: 24319: 24316: 24314: 24311: 24309: 24306: 24304: 24301: 24299: 24296: 24294: 24291: 24289: 24286: 24284: 24281: 24279: 24276: 24274: 24271: 24269: 24266: 24264: 24261: 24259: 24256: 24254: 24251: 24249: 24245: 24242: 24240: 24237: 24235: 24232: 24230: 24227: 24225: 24222: 24221: 24219: 24215: 24209: 24206: 24204: 24201: 24200: 24198: 24194: 24188: 24185: 24183: 24180: 24178: 24175: 24173: 24170: 24168: 24165: 24163: 24160: 24158: 24155: 24153: 24150: 24148: 24145: 24143: 24140: 24138: 24135: 24133: 24130: 24128: 24125: 24123: 24120: 24119: 24117: 24113: 24107: 24104: 24102: 24099: 24097: 24094: 24092: 24089: 24087: 24084: 24082: 24079: 24077: 24074: 24072: 24069: 24067: 24064: 24062: 24059: 24057: 24054: 24052: 24049: 24047: 24044: 24042: 24039: 24035: 24032: 24031: 24030: 24027: 24025: 24024:New Caledonia 24022: 24020: 24017: 24015: 24012: 24010: 24007: 24005: 24002: 24000: 23997: 23995: 23992: 23990: 23987: 23985: 23982: 23980: 23979:Easter Island 23977: 23975: 23972: 23970: 23967: 23965: 23962: 23960: 23957: 23956: 23954: 23950: 23940: 23937: 23935: 23932: 23930: 23927: 23925: 23922: 23920: 23917: 23915: 23914:New Caledonia 23912: 23910: 23907: 23905: 23902: 23900: 23897: 23895: 23894:Easter Island 23892: 23890: 23887: 23885: 23882: 23880: 23877: 23875: 23872: 23871: 23869: 23863: 23857: 23854: 23852: 23849: 23848: 23846: 23840: 23834: 23831: 23829: 23826: 23824: 23821: 23819: 23816: 23814: 23811: 23809: 23806: 23804: 23801: 23799: 23796: 23794: 23791: 23789: 23786: 23784: 23781: 23779: 23776: 23774: 23771: 23769: 23766: 23765: 23763: 23759: 23755: 23748: 23743: 23741: 23736: 23734: 23729: 23728: 23725: 23722: 23720: 23716: 23708: 23704: 23700: 23690: 23687: 23685: 23682: 23680: 23677: 23675: 23672: 23670: 23667: 23665: 23664:New Caledonia 23662: 23660: 23657: 23655: 23652: 23650: 23647: 23645: 23644:Easter Island 23642: 23640: 23637: 23635: 23632: 23630: 23627: 23625: 23622: 23621: 23619: 23613: 23607: 23604: 23602: 23599: 23598: 23596: 23590: 23584: 23581: 23579: 23576: 23574: 23571: 23569: 23566: 23564: 23561: 23559: 23556: 23554: 23551: 23549: 23546: 23544: 23541: 23539: 23536: 23534: 23531: 23529: 23526: 23524: 23521: 23519: 23516: 23515: 23513: 23509: 23505: 23498: 23493: 23491: 23486: 23484: 23479: 23478: 23475: 23472: 23468: 23465: 23463: 23459: 23453: 23450: 23446: 23443: 23442: 23441: 23438: 23434: 23431: 23429: 23426: 23425: 23423: 23421: 23418: 23414: 23411: 23409: 23406: 23404: 23401: 23400: 23398: 23394: 23391: 23390: 23388: 23387: 23385: 23381: 23375: 23372: 23370: 23367: 23365: 23362: 23360: 23357: 23355: 23352: 23350: 23347: 23345: 23342: 23340: 23337: 23335: 23332: 23330: 23327: 23325: 23322: 23320: 23317: 23315: 23312: 23310: 23307: 23305: 23302: 23300: 23297: 23295: 23292: 23290: 23287: 23285: 23282: 23280: 23277: 23275: 23272: 23270: 23267: 23265: 23262: 23261: 23259: 23255: 23249: 23246: 23242: 23239: 23238: 23237: 23234: 23232: 23229: 23227: 23224: 23222: 23219: 23217: 23214: 23212: 23209: 23207: 23204: 23202: 23199: 23197: 23194: 23192: 23189: 23187: 23184: 23182: 23181:Dugout (boat) 23179: 23177: 23174: 23172: 23169: 23167: 23164: 23162: 23159: 23158: 23156: 23152: 23144: 23143: 23139: 23137: 23136: 23132: 23131: 23130: 23127: 23123: 23122: 23118: 23117: 23116: 23113: 23111: 23108: 23106: 23103: 23101: 23098: 23096: 23093: 23091: 23088: 23086: 23083: 23081: 23078: 23076: 23073: 23071: 23068: 23066: 23063: 23061: 23058: 23056: 23053: 23051: 23048: 23046: 23043: 23039: 23036: 23035: 23034: 23031: 23029: 23028:New Caledonia 23026: 23024: 23021: 23019: 23016: 23014: 23011: 23009: 23006: 23002: 23001: 22997: 22996: 22995: 22992: 22988: 22987: 22983: 22981: 22980: 22976: 22975: 22974: 22971: 22969: 22968:Easter Island 22966: 22964: 22961: 22959: 22956: 22954: 22953: 22947: 22944: 22942: 22939: 22934: 22931: 22930: 22929: 22926: 22925: 22923: 22919:Geo-specific, 22917: 22911: 22908: 22906: 22903: 22901: 22898: 22896: 22893: 22891: 22888: 22886: 22883: 22881: 22878: 22876: 22873: 22872: 22870: 22868:Broad culture 22866: 22860: 22857: 22855: 22852: 22850: 22847: 22845: 22842: 22840: 22837: 22835: 22832: 22830: 22827: 22825: 22822: 22820: 22817: 22815: 22812: 22810: 22807: 22803: 22800: 22799: 22798: 22795: 22793: 22790: 22788: 22785: 22783: 22780: 22778: 22775: 22773: 22770: 22768: 22765: 22763: 22760: 22758: 22755: 22754: 22752: 22750: 22746: 22739: 22735: 22728: 22723: 22721: 22716: 22714: 22709: 22708: 22705: 22693: 22690: 22688: 22685: 22684: 22679: 22675: 22672: 22668: 22665: 22661: 22660: 22656: 22646: 22643: 22641: 22638: 22636: 22633: 22631: 22628: 22626: 22623: 22621: 22618: 22616: 22613: 22611: 22608: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22598: 22596: 22593: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22581: 22578: 22576: 22573: 22571: 22568: 22566: 22563: 22562: 22560: 22558: 22554: 22548: 22545: 22543: 22540: 22538: 22535: 22533: 22530: 22528: 22525: 22523: 22520: 22516: 22513: 22511: 22510:Ethnic groups 22508: 22506: 22503: 22502: 22501: 22498: 22496: 22493: 22491: 22488: 22486: 22483: 22481: 22478: 22476: 22473: 22471: 22468: 22466: 22463: 22461: 22458: 22456: 22453: 22451: 22448: 22446: 22443: 22441: 22438: 22436: 22433: 22431: 22428: 22427: 22424: 22421: 22419: 22415: 22405: 22402: 22400: 22397: 22395: 22392: 22390: 22387: 22385: 22382: 22380: 22377: 22375: 22372: 22370: 22367: 22365: 22362: 22360: 22357: 22355: 22352: 22350: 22349:Manufacturing 22347: 22345: 22342: 22338: 22335: 22334: 22333: 22330: 22328: 22325: 22323: 22320: 22318: 22315: 22313: 22310: 22309: 22306: 22303: 22301: 22297: 22285: 22282: 22281: 22280: 22277: 22273: 22270: 22269: 22268: 22265: 22261: 22258: 22257: 22256: 22253: 22252: 22250: 22248: 22244: 22238: 22235: 22231: 22228: 22226: 22223: 22222: 22221: 22218: 22216: 22213: 22209: 22206: 22204: 22203:Republicanism 22201: 22199: 22196: 22194: 22191: 22189: 22186: 22184: 22181: 22179: 22176: 22174: 22171: 22170: 22169: 22166: 22164: 22161: 22159: 22158:National debt 22156: 22154: 22151: 22149: 22146: 22142: 22139: 22137: 22134: 22132: 22129: 22128: 22127: 22124: 22122: 22119: 22115: 22112: 22110: 22107: 22105: 22102: 22101: 22100: 22097: 22095: 22092: 22090: 22087: 22083: 22080: 22078: 22075: 22073: 22070: 22069: 22068: 22065: 22063: 22060: 22058: 22055: 22053: 22050: 22049: 22046: 22043: 22041: 22037: 22027: 22024: 22022: 22019: 22017: 22014: 22013: 22011: 22009: 22005: 21999: 21996: 21994: 21991: 21989: 21986: 21984: 21981: 21979: 21976: 21974: 21971: 21969: 21966: 21964: 21961: 21959: 21956: 21954: 21951: 21949: 21946: 21942: 21939: 21938: 21937: 21934: 21932: 21929: 21927: 21924: 21922: 21919: 21917: 21914: 21913: 21910: 21907: 21905: 21901: 21891: 21888: 21886: 21883: 21881: 21878: 21876: 21873: 21871: 21868: 21866: 21863: 21861: 21858: 21856: 21853: 21851: 21848: 21846: 21843: 21842: 21840: 21836: 21830: 21827: 21825: 21822: 21820: 21817: 21815: 21812: 21810: 21807: 21805: 21802: 21800: 21797: 21795: 21792: 21790: 21787: 21785: 21782: 21781: 21778: 21775: 21773: 21769: 21765: 21761: 21754: 21749: 21747: 21742: 21740: 21735: 21734: 21731: 21716: 21715: 21710: 21706: 21702: 21698: 21694: 21690: 21686: 21682: 21678: 21674: 21662: 21658: 21654: 21642: 21638: 21626: 21622: 21618: 21614: 21610: 21606: 21605: 21599: 21596: 21595: 21590: 21585: 21570: 21566: 21561: 21557: 21551: 21544: 21539: 21524: 21520: 21518:0-7347-3542-1 21514: 21507: 21503: 21502: 21501: 21500: 21492: 21488: 21484: 21483: 21478: 21474: 21470: 21466: 21462: 21457: 21452: 21447: 21442: 21438: 21434: 21430: 21426: 21425: 21417: 21412: 21408: 21404: 21400: 21396: 21392: 21388: 21384: 21379: 21376: 21373: 21367: 21363: 21358: 21353: 21349: 21345: 21341: 21337: 21333: 21329: 21325: 21321: 21317: 21312: 21297: 21293: 21289: 21282: 21277: 21276: 21275: 21274: 21266: 21260: 21256: 21251: 21247: 21241: 21237: 21236: 21230: 21229: 21228: 21227: 21219: 21215: 21200: 21195: 21184: 21183: 21178: 21173: 21169: 21165: 21161: 21156: 21144: 21139: 21127: 21123: 21118: 21103: 21099: 21092: 21087: 21075: 21071: 21067: 21063: 21058: 21054: 21050: 21046: 21042: 21030: 21026: 21022: 21018: 21014: 21010: 20998: 20994: 20990: 20978: 20974: 20970: 20964: 20960: 20956: 20952: 20948: 20944: 20943: 20931: 20927: 20923: 20922: 20921: 20920: 20902: 20895: 20891: 20887: 20875: 20871: 20867: 20862: 20858: 20854: 20849: 20845: 20841: 20837: 20831: 20827: 20823: 20822: 20817: 20813: 20809: 20805: 20801: 20797: 20792: 20787: 20783: 20779: 20775: 20770: 20766: 20761: 20757: 20756: 20751: 20746: 20734: 20730: 20726: 20722: 20718: 20714: 20710: 20706: 20701: 20689: 20685: 20681: 20676: 20672: 20666: 20662: 20657: 20653: 20648: 20644: 20638: 20631: 20630: 20624: 20613: 20609: 20604: 20593: 20589: 20584: 20580: 20576: 20569: 20564: 20561: 20555: 20551: 20550: 20544: 20533: 20529: 20524: 20512: 20508: 20504: 20492: 20488: 20484: 20480: 20475: 20464: 20460: 20456: 20444: 20440: 20428: 20424: 20420: 20408: 20404: 20399: 20391: 20387: 20386: 20381: 20370: 20366: 20362: 20350: 20346: 20342: 20338: 20333: 20329: 20323: 20319: 20312: 20311: 20306: 20302: 20290: 20286: 20282: 20270: 20265: 20261: 20255: 20251: 20246: 20242: 20237: 20233: 20227: 20223: 20222: 20216: 20212: 20208: 20203: 20198: 20194: 20190: 20185: 20180: 20175: 20170: 20166: 20162: 20158: 20153: 20149: 20145: 20141: 20130: 20129: 20124: 20119: 20113: 20109: 20105: 20101: 20097: 20093: 20092: 20086: 20085: 20081: 20080: 20074: 20070: 20064: 20060: 20059: 20054: 20050: 20046: 20042: 20031:. 26 May 2011 20030: 20026: 20022: 20011: 20007: 20003: 19999: 19995: 19991: 19987: 19982: 19970: 19966: 19955: 19954: 19949: 19944: 19940: 19934: 19930: 19925: 19913: 19909: 19908:Common Ground 19905: 19901: 19897: 19891: 19884: 19883: 19877: 19873: 19869: 19865: 19861: 19857: 19853: 19849: 19845: 19841: 19837: 19830: 19825: 19813: 19809: 19805: 19801: 19797: 19792: 19789:. April 2012. 19788: 19781: 19777: 19773: 19768: 19764: 19760: 19756: 19744: 19740: 19739: 19734: 19730: 19718: 19714: 19710: 19706: 19702: 19698: 19693: 19689: 19683: 19679: 19675: 19671: 19670:Ryan, Lyndall 19667: 19656: 19652: 19647: 19643: 19639: 19634: 19630: 19624: 19617: 19616: 19610: 19606: 19602: 19597: 19592: 19588: 19584: 19580: 19576: 19572: 19567: 19555: 19551: 19547: 19543: 19539: 19535: 19531: 19528:(1): 83–100. 19527: 19523: 19518: 19514: 19508: 19504: 19497: 19492: 19488: 19482: 19478: 19477:Forgotten War 19473: 19461: 19457: 19453: 19441: 19437: 19433: 19429: 19427: 19423: 19420: 19419: 19405: 19401: 19397: 19393: 19389: 19385: 19381: 19377: 19362: 19358: 19346: 19342: 19335: 19331: 19319: 19315: 19311: 19304: 19300: 19294: 19287: 19286: 19280: 19276: 19272: 19267: 19262: 19258: 19254: 19250: 19246: 19242: 19238: 19234: 19229: 19218: 19214: 19210: 19198: 19194: 19190: 19186: 19182: 19177: 19165: 19161: 19157: 19145: 19141: 19137: 19133: 19129: 19122: 19115: 19111: 19099: 19095: 19091: 19075: 19070: 19066: 19062: 19050: 19046: 19042: 19037: 19033: 19029: 19025: 19019: 19015: 19010: 19006: 19000: 18996: 18991: 18987: 18981: 18977: 18972: 18968: 18964: 18960: 18956: 18951: 18947: 18943: 18939: 18935: 18931: 18927: 18922: 18910: 18906: 18905:"Our Country" 18902: 18891: 18890: 18885: 18880: 18876: 18869: 18865: 18861: 18856: 18852: 18848: 18844: 18840: 18836: 18832: 18827: 18815: 18811: 18807: 18796: 18792: 18788: 18784: 18780: 18769: 18765: 18760: 18748: 18743: 18731: 18727: 18723: 18712: 18708: 18703: 18691: 18687: 18683: 18679: 18675: 18671: 18666: 18662: 18656: 18652: 18648: 18647: 18641: 18637: 18633: 18629: 18625: 18620: 18608: 18604: 18592: 18588: 18584: 18580: 18576: 18571: 18559: 18558: 18553: 18549: 18537: 18533: 18518: 18511: 18507: 18503: 18499: 18495: 18491: 18487: 18483: 18479: 18475: 18470: 18466: 18461: 18457: 18453: 18448: 18441: 18434: 18429: 18418: 18414: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18391: 18387: 18375: 18371: 18366: 18362: 18358: 18353: 18349: 18345: 18338: 18333: 18321: 18317: 18313: 18301: 18297: 18285: 18280: 18276: 18271: 18267: 18263: 18259: 18255: 18250: 18246: 18242: 18238: 18234: 18230: 18226: 18222: 18218: 18217: 18211: 18200: 18196: 18191: 18179: 18175: 18170: 18158: 18154: 18150: 18145: 18134: 18130: 18125: 18121: 18117: 18112: 18107: 18103: 18099: 18095: 18090: 18084: 18080: 18075: 18070: 18066: 18062: 18058: 18054: 18050: 18045: 18041: 18037: 18033: 18029: 18025: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18010: 18004: 18000: 17995: 17991: 17985: 17981: 17977: 17976: 17970: 17959: 17958: 17953: 17948: 17944: 17940: 17936: 17932: 17927: 17922: 17917: 17912: 17908: 17904: 17900: 17896: 17892: 17887: 17883: 17879: 17874: 17869: 17865: 17861: 17857: 17853: 17849: 17845: 17841: 17836: 17832: 17828: 17824: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17806: 17802: 17798: 17794: 17790: 17786: 17782: 17777: 17765: 17761: 17756: 17752: 17748: 17744: 17740: 17736: 17732: 17727: 17723: 17719: 17714: 17708: 17704: 17700: 17696: 17692: 17687: 17683: 17679: 17675: 17671: 17667: 17663: 17659: 17655: 17651: 17647: 17640: 17635: 17623: 17619: 17615: 17611: 17599: 17595: 17591: 17587: 17582: 17578: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17555: 17551: 17546: 17542: 17536: 17532: 17528: 17523: 17512: 17508: 17503: 17491: 17486: 17474: 17470: 17466: 17462: 17458: 17454: 17449: 17444: 17440: 17436: 17431: 17426: 17422: 17418: 17414: 17409: 17405: 17400: 17396: 17390: 17386: 17382: 17377: 17365: 17360: 17349: 17345: 17340: 17328: 17324: 17320: 17305: 17301: 17289: 17288:"Land rights" 17285: 17281: 17277: 17273: 17269: 17265: 17260: 17249: 17245: 17240: 17229: 17225: 17220: 17209: 17205: 17200: 17189: 17185: 17180: 17176: 17172: 17167: 17155: 17151: 17147: 17142: 17130: 17126: 17122: 17118: 17114: 17108: 17104: 17099: 17087: 17083: 17079: 17075: 17070: 17066: 17062: 17057: 17053: 17048: 17037: 17033: 17028: 17016: 17012: 17007: 17003: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16985: 16981: 16977: 16973: 16969: 16964: 16960: 16956: 16951: 16939: 16935: 16934:"Karla Grant" 16931: 16920: 16916: 16912: 16900: 16896: 16892: 16880: 16876: 16872: 16868: 16864: 16859: 16855: 16849: 16845: 16840: 16828: 16824: 16820: 16808: 16804: 16800: 16796: 16792: 16788: 16776: 16772: 16760: 16756: 16752: 16740: 16736: 16732: 16721:. 3 June 2015 16720: 16716: 16712: 16700: 16696: 16692: 16680: 16676: 16672: 16668: 16656: 16652: 16648: 16644: 16632: 16628: 16624: 16617: 16613: 16606: 16601: 16597: 16593: 16588: 16583: 16578: 16573: 16569: 16565: 16561: 16557: 16553: 16548: 16537: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16522: 16518: 16513: 16508: 16504: 16500: 16499: 16494: 16489: 16478: 16474: 16469: 16457: 16452: 16441: 16437: 16433: 16428: 16424: 16420: 16416: 16411: 16400: 16396: 16391: 16379: 16375: 16371: 16359: 16355: 16351: 16339: 16335: 16331: 16319: 16315: 16311: 16299: 16295: 16291: 16287: 16283: 16279: 16276:. p. 79. 16275: 16274: 16268: 16257: 16253: 16248: 16236: 16232: 16228: 16224: 16220: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16197: 16193: 16189: 16178: 16174: 16169: 16157: 16152: 16141: 16137: 16132: 16128: 16124: 16119: 16115: 16111: 16106: 16091: 16087: 16080: 16075: 16064: 16060: 16055: 16051: 16047: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16024: 16019: 16015: 16011: 16005: 16001: 15996: 15995: 15989: 15985: 15981: 15975: 15971: 15967: 15963: 15952: 15948: 15943: 15931: 15927: 15923: 15919: 15915: 15909: 15905: 15900: 15888: 15884: 15879: 15875: 15871: 15867: 15861: 15857: 15852: 15845: 15840: 15836: 15831: 15827: 15822: 15818: 15813: 15809: 15805: 15804: 15798: 15797: 15790: 15786: 15782: 15778: 15774: 15767: 15762: 15758: 15754: 15750: 15744: 15740: 15736: 15731: 15727: 15721: 15714: 15713: 15707: 15703: 15697: 15693: 15689: 15685: 15681: 15666: 15659: 15655: 15644: 15640: 15636: 15632: 15628: 15616: 15612: 15608: 15596: 15592: 15588: 15584: 15578: 15574: 15573: 15567: 15555: 15551: 15547: 15543: 15537: 15533: 15529: 15524: 15520: 15515: 15512: 15508: 15502: 15496: 15492: 15488: 15487: 15482: 15470: 15463: 15459: 15455: 15451: 15444: 15443: 15437: 15433: 15427: 15423: 15418: 15414: 15408: 15404: 15399: 15387: 15383: 15371: 15367: 15363: 15351: 15347: 15343: 15331: 15327: 15323: 15319: 15313: 15309: 15304: 15292: 15288: 15284: 15272: 15267: 15263: 15259: 15255: 15251: 15247: 15243: 15238: 15227: 15226:Common Ground 15223: 15219: 15207: 15203: 15199: 15195: 15191: 15187: 15183: 15179: 15173: 15169: 15168: 15162: 15150: 15146: 15142: 15138: 15133: 15121: 15117: 15113: 15109: 15105: 15104: 15098: 15087: 15083: 15079: 15075: 15074: 15069: 15064: 15060: 15056: 15052: 15048: 15043: 15039: 15035: 15030: 15026: 15022: 15017: 15006: 15002: 14997: 14985: 14981: 14977: 14972: 14960: 14955: 14951: 14947: 14943: 14939: 14935: 14931: 14927: 14923: 14918: 14914: 14910: 14906: 14895: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14880: 14874: 14870: 14865: 14853: 14849: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14827: 14823: 14818: 14806: 14802: 14798: 14794: 14790: 14786: 14783:, (1983) 158 14782: 14778: 14776: 14771: 14760: 14756: 14752: 14740: 14736: 14724: 14720: 14716: 14705: 14701: 14696: 14684: 14680: 14668: 14664: 14652: 14648: 14644: 14640: 14625: 14621: 14615: 14608: 14607: 14602: 14590: 14586: 14582: 14570: 14566: 14562: 14558: 14546: 14542: 14538: 14534: 14530: 14526: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14508: 14504: 14500: 14496: 14492: 14488: 14483: 14472: 14468: 14463: 14459: 14455: 14443: 14439: 14435: 14423: 14419: 14415: 14411: 14405: 14401: 14397: 14392: 14380: 14376: 14371: 14367: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14349: 14345: 14341: 14336: 14332: 14326: 14322: 14321: 14315: 14311: 14307: 14303: 14298: 14286: 14282: 14277: 14265: 14260: 14256: 14250: 14246: 14242: 14241: 14236: 14232: 14228: 14225: 14222: 14219: 14216: 14213: 14210: 14207: 14204: 14201: 14198: 14195: 14192: 14189: 14186: 14183: 14182: 14170: 14166: 14162: 14158: 14154: 14150: 14146: 14141: 14137: 14133: 14129: 14125: 14121: 14117: 14113: 14109: 14105: 14101: 14100: 14093: 14089: 14083: 14079: 14078: 14072: 14068: 14062: 14058: 14053: 14042: 14038: 14033: 14026: 14025: 14019: 14015: 14003: 13998: 13994: 13993: 13988: 13984: 13972: 13968: 13964: 13952: 13948: 13944: 13940: 13934: 13930: 13925: 13914: 13910: 13906: 13902: 13898: 13894: 13890: 13886: 13882: 13878: 13874: 13869: 13858: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13836: 13832: 13827: 13812: 13807: 13803: 13799: 13794: 13782: 13781: 13776: 13772: 13760: 13756: 13744: 13740: 13736: 13724: 13720: 13716: 13704: 13700: 13696: 13692: 13680: 13676: 13671: 13659: 13655: 13651: 13648: 13644: 13639: 13626:. 1 July 2022 13625: 13621: 13617: 13602: 13598: 13591: 13587: 13583: 13579: 13575: 13571: 13567: 13563: 13559: 13555: 13551: 13546: 13535: 13528: 13524: 13520: 13516: 13512: 13508: 13504: 13498: 13494: 13489: 13474: 13467: 13463: 13459: 13447: 13443: 13438: 13435: 13424: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13406: 13402: 13396: 13392: 13385: 13380: 13376: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13348: 13344: 13340: 13335: 13331: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13313: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13295: 13291: 13287: 13283: 13279: 13274: 13262: 13258: 13254: 13242: 13238: 13234: 13230: 13226: 13222: 13210: 13206: 13202: 13198: 13186: 13182: 13178: 13174: 13170: 13158: 13157: 13152: 13148: 13136: 13132: 13120: 13116: 13112: 13108: 13104: 13100: 13088: 13084: 13083:Common Ground 13080: 13076: 13064: 13060: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13044: 13040: 13038: 13025: 13021: 13017: 13005: 13001: 12997: 12993: 12989: 12985: 12973: 12969: 12965: 12961: 12957: 12951: 12946: 12945: 12939: 12935: 12931: 12927: 12923: 12911: 12907: 12903: 12891: 12887: 12883: 12879: 12875: 12864: 12860: 12856: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12825:. 4 May 2010a 12824: 12820: 12816: 12804: 12800: 12796: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12760: 12756: 12745:. 6 July 2017 12744: 12740: 12736: 12724: 12720: 12716: 12712: 12700: 12696: 12692: 12680: 12676: 12672: 12668: 12657:. 25 May 2009 12656: 12652: 12648: 12636: 12632: 12620: 12616: 12604: 12600: 12588: 12584: 12580: 12576: 12572: 12568: 12564: 12552: 12548: 12536: 12532: 12528: 12524: 12520: 12508: 12504: 12500: 12496: 12484: 12480: 12476: 12472: 12468: 12464: 12460: 12456: 12452: 12440: 12436: 12432: 12431: 12419: 12417: 12411: 12404: 12399: 12392: 12387: 12380: 12378: 12372: 12365: 12363: 12357: 12350: 12345: 12338: 12333: 12326: 12321: 12314: 12309: 12302: 12297: 12290: 12285: 12278: 12273: 12266: 12265:Neubauer 2013 12261: 12259: 12257: 12249: 12244: 12237: 12232: 12225: 12220: 12213: 12208: 12201: 12196: 12189: 12184: 12177: 12172: 12165: 12160: 12153: 12152:Karvelas 2012 12148: 12141: 12136: 12129: 12124: 12117: 12115: 12109: 12102: 12097: 12090: 12085: 12078: 12073: 12066: 12061: 12059: 12051: 12050:Zaunmayr 2022 12046: 12039: 12034: 12027: 12022: 12015: 12010: 12003: 11998: 11991: 11986: 11979: 11977: 11971: 11964: 11959: 11952: 11951:ABC News 2013 11947: 11945: 11937: 11932: 11925: 11920: 11913: 11908: 11901: 11896: 11894: 11878: 11877:YES! Magazine 11874: 11868: 11853: 11849: 11843: 11836: 11831: 11824: 11819: 11812: 11807: 11800: 11795: 11788: 11783: 11776: 11771: 11764: 11759: 11752: 11747: 11740: 11735: 11728: 11723: 11716: 11711: 11704: 11699: 11692: 11687: 11680: 11675: 11668: 11663: 11656: 11651: 11643: 11639: 11635: 11628: 11621: 11616: 11609: 11604: 11597: 11592: 11590: 11588: 11580: 11575: 11568: 11563: 11561: 11553: 11552:Dovetail 2019 11548: 11541: 11536: 11529: 11524: 11517: 11512: 11505: 11500: 11493: 11488: 11481: 11479: 11473: 11466: 11461: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11447: 11442: 11435: 11430: 11428: 11420: 11415: 11408: 11403: 11401: 11399: 11397: 11395: 11387: 11382: 11376:, p. 45. 11375: 11370: 11363: 11358: 11352:, p. 79. 11351: 11350:Hilferti 2010 11346: 11339: 11334: 11327: 11322: 11315: 11310: 11303: 11298: 11291: 11286: 11279: 11274: 11267: 11262: 11255: 11250: 11243: 11238: 11231: 11226: 11219: 11214: 11207: 11206:Mulvaney 1990 11202: 11195: 11190: 11183: 11178: 11171: 11166: 11159: 11154: 11147: 11145: 11139: 11132: 11127: 11120: 11115: 11108: 11103: 11096: 11091: 11084: 11079: 11072: 11067: 11060: 11055: 11048: 11043: 11036: 11031: 11024: 11019: 11012: 11007: 11000: 10995: 10988: 10983: 10976: 10971: 10964: 10959: 10952: 10947: 10940: 10935: 10928: 10923: 10916: 10911: 10909: 10901: 10896: 10889: 10884: 10882: 10874: 10869: 10862: 10857: 10850: 10845: 10838: 10833: 10826: 10825:Lockwood 2017 10821: 10814: 10809: 10807: 10805: 10797: 10792: 10785: 10780: 10773: 10768: 10761: 10756: 10754: 10746: 10741: 10734: 10729: 10723:, p. 12. 10722: 10717: 10711:, p. 60. 10710: 10705: 10698: 10693: 10686: 10681: 10674: 10669: 10662: 10657: 10650: 10645: 10638: 10633: 10626: 10621: 10614: 10609: 10607: 10599: 10594: 10587: 10582: 10575: 10570: 10563: 10558: 10551: 10546: 10539: 10534: 10532: 10524: 10519: 10512: 10507: 10500: 10495: 10493: 10485: 10480: 10473: 10468: 10461: 10456: 10454: 10452: 10450: 10442: 10437: 10435: 10427: 10422: 10416:, p. 10. 10415: 10410: 10403: 10398: 10391: 10386: 10384: 10376: 10371: 10369: 10361: 10356: 10354: 10346: 10341: 10334: 10329: 10323:, p. 17. 10322: 10321:Bleakley 1929 10317: 10310: 10305: 10298: 10293: 10286: 10281: 10274: 10269: 10262: 10260: 10254: 10247: 10242: 10235: 10230: 10223: 10218: 10211: 10206: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10184: 10177: 10172: 10165: 10160: 10153: 10148: 10146: 10138: 10133: 10126: 10121: 10114: 10109: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10095: 10090: 10088: 10080: 10075: 10073: 10065: 10060: 10053: 10048: 10041: 10040:ABC News 2019 10036: 10029: 10024: 10017: 10012: 10005: 10000: 9993: 9988: 9981: 9976: 9969: 9964: 9962: 9954: 9949: 9942: 9937: 9930: 9925: 9918: 9913: 9906: 9901: 9894: 9889: 9882: 9877: 9870: 9865: 9858: 9853: 9846: 9841: 9834: 9829: 9822: 9817: 9815: 9813: 9805: 9800: 9793: 9788: 9781: 9776: 9769: 9764: 9757: 9752: 9745: 9740: 9733: 9728: 9721: 9716: 9709: 9704: 9697: 9692: 9685: 9680: 9673: 9668: 9661: 9659: 9653: 9646: 9641: 9634: 9629: 9622: 9621: 9615: 9608: 9604: 9603:Cronshaw 2018 9599: 9593:, p. 79. 9592: 9587: 9585: 9577: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9548: 9544: 9538: 9531: 9526: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9506: 9499: 9494: 9487: 9486:Reynolds 2013 9482: 9475: 9470: 9463: 9458: 9451: 9446: 9439: 9434: 9432: 9424: 9423:Richards 2014 9419: 9412: 9410: 9404: 9397: 9392: 9385: 9380: 9373: 9372:Melville 2016 9368: 9361: 9356: 9349: 9344: 9337: 9336:Simmonds 2015 9332: 9325: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9308: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9291: 9290:NMA: APA 2021 9286: 9279: 9274: 9267: 9262: 9255: 9250: 9243: 9238: 9231: 9226: 9219: 9214: 9207: 9202: 9195: 9193: 9187: 9180: 9175: 9168: 9163: 9156: 9151: 9144: 9139: 9132: 9131:Campbell 2007 9127: 9120: 9115: 9108: 9103: 9096: 9091: 9089: 9081: 9076: 9074: 9066: 9061: 9054: 9049: 9043:, p. 18. 9042: 9037: 9035: 9027: 9022: 9015: 9010: 9003: 8998: 8991: 8986: 8979: 8977: 8971: 8964: 8959: 8952: 8947: 8940: 8935: 8928: 8923: 8921: 8913: 8908: 8906: 8898: 8893: 8886: 8881: 8874: 8869: 8862: 8860: 8854: 8847: 8842: 8836:, pp. ?. 8835: 8830: 8823: 8818: 8811: 8806: 8804: 8796: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8779: 8774: 8767: 8762: 8755: 8750: 8743: 8738: 8731: 8726: 8719: 8714: 8707: 8702: 8695: 8690: 8683: 8678: 8671: 8666: 8659: 8658:Callaway 2011 8654: 8647: 8642: 8635: 8630: 8628: 8620: 8615: 8608: 8603: 8596: 8591: 8584: 8579: 8572: 8567: 8560: 8555: 8548: 8543: 8536: 8531: 8524: 8519: 8512: 8507: 8500: 8495: 8493: 8485: 8480: 8478: 8470: 8465: 8463: 8455: 8450: 8443: 8438: 8431: 8426: 8419: 8414: 8407: 8402: 8395: 8390: 8383: 8378: 8376: 8368: 8363: 8356: 8351: 8344: 8339: 8332: 8327: 8320: 8315: 8308: 8303: 8296: 8291: 8284: 8279: 8272: 8267: 8260: 8255: 8248: 8243: 8236: 8235:McGregor 2016 8231: 8224: 8219: 8212: 8207: 8200: 8199:ABC News 2015 8195: 8188: 8183: 8176: 8171: 8164: 8159: 8152: 8147: 8140: 8135: 8128: 8123: 8116: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8091: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8074: 8069: 8062: 8057: 8050: 8045: 8043: 8036:, p. 75. 8035: 8030: 8023: 8018: 8011: 8006: 8004: 7996: 7991: 7984: 7979: 7972: 7967: 7960: 7955: 7948: 7943: 7936: 7931: 7929: 7921: 7916: 7909: 7904: 7897: 7892: 7885: 7880: 7873: 7872:Latimore 2021 7868: 7861: 7856: 7849: 7844: 7837: 7832: 7825: 7820: 7813: 7808: 7801: 7799: 7793: 7786: 7781: 7774: 7769: 7762: 7757: 7750: 7745: 7738: 7733: 7726: 7725:Sentance 2020 7721: 7714: 7710: 7705: 7698: 7697:ABC News 2017 7693: 7687:, p. 28. 7686: 7681: 7674: 7669: 7667: 7659: 7654: 7647: 7642: 7640: 7632: 7627: 7625: 7616: 7612: 7605: 7598: 7593: 7591: 7583: 7578: 7576: 7568: 7563: 7561: 7553: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7534: 7529: 7522: 7517: 7510: 7505: 7503: 7495: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7474: 7467: 7460: 7459:Common Ground 7455: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7441: 7432: 7431: 7426: 7420: 7413: 7408: 7406: 7398: 7393: 7386: 7381: 7379: 7371: 7370:Stats NZ 2018 7366: 7359: 7354: 7350: 7335: 7328: 7322: 7312: 7305: 7299: 7293:, p. 156 7292: 7286: 7279: 7272: 7266: 7265:: "Victoria". 7264: 7258: 7252: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7224: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7196: 7190: 7180: 7173: 7168: 7161: 7155: 7146: 7136: 7132: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7010: 7007: 6996: 6989: 6987: 6982: 6980: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6927:Jacqui Lambie 6924: 6920: 6916: 6915:Aden Ridgeway 6912: 6908: 6903: 6901: 6897: 6896:David Unaipon 6893: 6889: 6885: 6884:Christine Anu 6881: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6860: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6834: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6805:Cathy Freeman 6802: 6797: 6787: 6785: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6761: 6756: 6752: 6747: 6745: 6740: 6737: 6732: 6730: 6729:terra nullius 6726: 6725: 6719: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6674:Maggie Walter 6671: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6622:Frank Brennan 6619: 6615: 6611: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6580: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6534:Jenny Macklin 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6480: 6476: 6471: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6444: 6441: 6440:2022 election 6436: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6413: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6362: 6356: 6352: 6349:(CLP) became 6348: 6344: 6339: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6320:Liberal Party 6317: 6313: 6308: 6306: 6303:(Labor, 2016– 6302: 6298: 6294: 6291:(Labor, 2016– 6290: 6286: 6282: 6281:Jacqui Lambie 6278: 6274: 6273:Aden Ridgeway 6270: 6266: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6215:Australia Day 6212: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6180: 6175: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6151: 6150: 6142: 6138: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6115: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6098:, along with 6097: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6053: 6048: 6044: 6041:In 2007, the 6039: 6037: 6033: 6028: 6025: 6020: 6018: 6013: 6006: 5996: 5993: 5987: 5983: 5981: 5971: 5969: 5964: 5961: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5940: 5936: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5912: 5908: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5843:alcohol abuse 5840: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5802:Mental health 5797:Mental health 5794: 5791: 5782: 5780: 5779:mental health 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5755:renal disease 5751: 5749: 5745: 5739: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5719:youth justice 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5641: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5597: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5543:Gorden Tallis 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5515:Cathy Freeman 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5461: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5438:Graham Farmer 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5333: 5323: 5321: 5320:Steven Oliver 5317: 5313: 5309: 5308: 5303: 5302:sketch comedy 5298: 5296: 5295: 5294:Total Control 5290: 5289: 5284: 5280: 5279: 5278:Sweet Country 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5253:Shari Sebbens 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5192:Aaron Fa'aoso 5189: 5188: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5147:Phillip Noyce 5144: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5104: 5103:The Last Wave 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5086:Fred Schepisi 5083: 5082: 5077: 5073: 5072: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5058:Ngarla Kunoth 5055: 5051: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5013: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4984: 4983: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 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Retrieved 11851: 11842: 11830: 11818: 11811:Convery 2021 11806: 11794: 11787:Spinney 2016 11782: 11770: 11758: 11746: 11734: 11722: 11710: 11698: 11686: 11674: 11667:Biddle et al 11662: 11650: 11641: 11637: 11627: 11615: 11603: 11574: 11547: 11535: 11523: 11511: 11499: 11487: 11477: 11472: 11441: 11414: 11381: 11369: 11357: 11345: 11333: 11321: 11314:Black Comedy 11309: 11297: 11285: 11273: 11261: 11249: 11237: 11225: 11213: 11201: 11189: 11177: 11165: 11153: 11143: 11138: 11131:Sweeney 2008 11126: 11114: 11102: 11095:Lehmann 1997 11090: 11078: 11066: 11054: 11042: 11030: 11018: 11006: 10999:Rurenga 2017 10994: 10982: 10970: 10958: 10946: 10934: 10922: 10895: 10868: 10856: 10844: 10832: 10820: 10813:Mundine 2005 10791: 10779: 10767: 10745:Andrews 2004 10740: 10728: 10716: 10704: 10692: 10680: 10668: 10656: 10644: 10632: 10620: 10593: 10581: 10569: 10557: 10545: 10518: 10506: 10479: 10467: 10462:, p. 5. 10443:, p. 6. 10426:Arcioni 2012 10421: 10409: 10402:Arcioni 2012 10397: 10375:Connell 1998 10345:AustLII 1983 10340: 10333:Spencer 2006 10328: 10316: 10304: 10292: 10280: 10268: 10258: 10253: 10241: 10229: 10217: 10205: 10197:the original 10192: 10183: 10171: 10159: 10132: 10125:Brennan 2008 10120: 10094:McKenna 2000 10059: 10052:Thorley 2006 10047: 10035: 10023: 10011: 9999: 9987: 9975: 9968:Gobbett 2017 9948: 9936: 9924: 9912: 9900: 9888: 9876: 9864: 9852: 9840: 9828: 9799: 9787: 9775: 9768:AustLII 1934 9763: 9751: 9739: 9727: 9715: 9703: 9691: 9679: 9672:McIlroy 2015 9667: 9657: 9652: 9640: 9628: 9619: 9614: 9607:Bottoms 2013 9598: 9550:. Retrieved 9546: 9537: 9525: 9505: 9493: 9481: 9469: 9457: 9445: 9418: 9408: 9403: 9391: 9379: 9367: 9355: 9343: 9331: 9285: 9273: 9261: 9249: 9237: 9225: 9213: 9201: 9196:, p. 7. 9191: 9186: 9174: 9167:Carmody 2013 9162: 9155:McIlroy 2013 9150: 9138: 9126: 9114: 9102: 9060: 9048: 9021: 9009: 8997: 8985: 8975: 8970: 8958: 8946: 8934: 8892: 8880: 8868: 8863:, p. 3. 8858: 8853: 8841: 8834:Tindale 1974 8829: 8817: 8810:Gammage 2011 8773: 8761: 8749: 8737: 8725: 8713: 8701: 8689: 8677: 8665: 8653: 8641: 8614: 8602: 8590: 8578: 8566: 8554: 8542: 8530: 8518: 8506: 8499:William 2013 8449: 8437: 8425: 8413: 8401: 8389: 8362: 8350: 8338: 8326: 8314: 8302: 8290: 8278: 8266: 8254: 8242: 8230: 8223:Ferrier 2015 8218: 8206: 8194: 8187:McNiven 2004 8182: 8170: 8158: 8146: 8134: 8122: 8068: 8056: 8034:Blainey 1980 8029: 8017: 7997:, p. 1. 7990: 7978: 7966: 7954: 7942: 7915: 7903: 7891: 7879: 7867: 7855: 7843: 7836:Guantai 2015 7831: 7824:Gilbert 1977 7819: 7807: 7802:, p. 1. 7797: 7792: 7780: 7768: 7756: 7744: 7732: 7720: 7704: 7692: 7680: 7653: 7614: 7604: 7567:AIATSIS 2014 7528: 7516: 7494:AIATSIS 2015 7466: 7433:. June 2023. 7428: 7419: 7392: 7365: 7353: 7334: 7321: 7316:Press, 1994. 7311: 7298: 7285: 7271: 7262: 7256: 7251: 7227: 7223: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7202: 7195:Thomson 2001 7189: 7179: 7167: 7154: 7145: 7135: 6983: 6963:Noel Pearson 6959:native title 6951:Freedom Ride 6931:Linda Burney 6904: 6861: 6838: 6762:Settlement ( 6748: 6741: 6733: 6728: 6722: 6721:In 1992, in 6720: 6705: 6666:Benson Saulo 6662:Noel Pearson 6650:Vonda Malone 6582: 6562: 6558: 6548: 6545:Bill Shorten 6538: 6525:Expert Panel 6514: 6510:Noel Pearson 6483: 6477:, as in the 6472: 6453: 6445: 6437: 6414: 6394:Carol Martin 6390:Ernie Bridge 6379: 6360: 6340: 6336:Linda Burney 6309: 6304: 6292: 6284: 6262: 6247: 6217:) 1938: The 6213:26 January ( 6192: 6178: 6167: 6139: 6132: 6116: 6104:disadvantage 6092: 6068: 6061:sexual abuse 6050: 6040: 6029: 6021: 6008: 5988: 5984: 5979: 5977: 5965: 5959: 5956: 5951: 5944: 5914: 5896: 5874: 5863: 5853:("ice") and 5836: 5800: 5792: 5788: 5763:tuberculosis 5752: 5741: 5685: 5662: 5642: 5638:oral culture 5614: 5571: 5559:Nathan Jawai 5547:rugby league 5539:Laurie Daley 5507:major tennis 5497: 5474: 5406:Yarra Valley 5386:Djab wurrung 5366: 5307:Black Comedy 5305: 5299: 5292: 5286: 5276: 5261:Luke Carroll 5249:Leah Purcell 5218: 5207: 5185: 5170:Rolf de Heer 5168:directed by 5163: 5157: 5150: 5136: 5133:Rolf de Heer 5118: 5112: 5108:AACTA Awards 5101: 5079: 5069: 5047: 5046: 5034: 5011: 5000: 4963: 4956:Bruce Pascoe 4947: 4944:Noel Pearson 4937: 4936:, who wrote 4924:; in poetry 4899: 4880: 4877:Sally Morgan 4873:We Are Going 4872: 4864: 4858: 4839: 4832:Noel Pearson 4784: 4769: 4754: 4715: 4691: 4679:East Journey 4643: 4632: 4625: 4606:Papunya Tula 4595: 4555: 4520: 4494: 4479:Injalak Arts 4411: 4389:Christianity 4386: 4370: 4362: 4345:missionaries 4302: 4287:oral history 4283: 4261: 4224:the Dreaming 4220: 4176:declensional 4145: 4123: 4113: 4110:Aldo Massola 4102: 4098: 4087: 4069: 4061: 3896: 3889: 3885: 3882: 3855: 3829: 3818: 3806: 3797:Constitution 3794: 3702:Demographics 3694: 3686: 3679: 3674: 3668: 3663:In 1983 the 3662: 3652:World War II 3648: 3645:situations: 3620:, birth and 3611: 3596:Murray River 3592: 3434: 3432: 3412: 3402: 3388: 3372: 3352: 3342: 3334: 3315: 3312:21st century 3299: 3280: 3271: 3261: 3249: 3231: 3209: 3166: 3150:Linda Burney 3099: 3090: 3072: 3061: 3039: 3033: 3021:Commonwealth 3019:allowed the 3010: 2974: 2970:Freedom Ride 2958: 2896: 2876: 2873: 2840: 2823: 2795: 2550: 2460:Amazon Watch 2163:In 1963 the 2150: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2121: 2117: 2112:Lyndall Ryan 2104: 2061: 2036:blackbirding 2029: 2014: 1995: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1942:Darug people 1938:tuberculosis 1927: 1895: 1879: 1859:Tiwi Islands 1848: 1814: 1783: 1775: 1771: 1751: 1710: 1594:tribal land 1587:Estimates of 1569: 1561: 1550: 1524:, whalebone 1479: 1471: 1462:parsnip yams 1459: 1446: 1437:Murray River 1429:scarred tree 1414:River Murray 1410:semi-nomadic 1399: 1394: 1367: 1358:Haplogroup N 1354:Haplogroup M 1351: 1327:haplogroup S 1323:haplogroup M 1319:haplogroup Q 1315:Haplogroup R 1304: 1266: 1226:Australasian 1207: 1164: 1156: 1153: 1141:Lake Mungo 3 1140: 1130: 1119: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1025: 920: 910: 902: 887: 863: 836: 830: 814: 786:Tiwi Islands 752:in northern 747: 720: 717: 697: 652: 637: 633: 628: 620: 612: 608: 606: 588: 575:Living Black 573: 572: 560:Living Black 559: 544: 514: 511: 507: 493: 489: 480: 476: 439: 411:Murray River 407: 395: 364: 347: 345: 337: 300: 299: 255:Christianity 47:Ethnic group 44: 25546:Land rights 25449:King plates 25265:Sweet foods 25235:Food groups 25205:Bush tucker 24945:Language(s) 24880:NAIDOC Week 24830:Enumeration 24739:Individuals 24704:Communities 24465:New Zealand 24298:Micronesian 24288:Marshallese 24157:Micronesian 24029:New Zealand 23969:Austronesia 23798:New Zealand 23702:by category 23548:New Zealand 23433:Te Matatini 23284:firewalking 23033:New Zealand 22979:Lau Islands 22941:Austronesia 22809:nguzu nguzu 22797:New Zealand 22767:Austronesia 22640:Anglosphere 22480:Immigration 22445:Citizenship 22312:Agriculture 22198:Nationalism 22141:Enforcement 22114:Transgender 21948:Earthquakes 21936:Environment 21870:Immigration 21799:Archaeology 21689:"Home page" 21677:"Home page" 21657:"Home page" 21641:"Home page" 21631:14 November 21532:23 December 20919:Web sources 20784:(1): 1–32. 20767:. ABC News. 20573:. Letters. 20400:(Australia) 20243:. ABC News. 20184:2440/137331 20128:If Magazine 19904:"Songlines" 19628:064225684-5 18783:Ogden, John 18467:. ABC News. 18277:. ABC News. 18199:news.com.au 17353:20 December 17092:20 November 17021:20 November 16944:9 September 16853:073152076-9 16725:24 November 16505:: 203–222. 16344:23 November 16162:20 November 16099:16 December 15372:. June 2016 15352:. June 2022 15126:20 November 14791:(Australia) 14516:2440/107043 14041:IndigenousX 13267:23 November 13247:9 September 13141:20 December 13103:"Aborigine" 12829:14 November 12789:11 November 12289:Howden 2015 11823:Haydar 2021 11727:Korff 2021b 11516:AG.DoH 2017 11071:Newton 1990 11035:Graves 2017 10888:Korff 2019b 10873:Mercer 2003 10234:Hawley 2009 10164:Gibson 2007 10004:Norman 2016 9708:Marten 2002 9591:Lemkin 1944 9576:Wilson 1997 9510:Harman 2018 9396:Korff 2018a 9360:Murphy 2017 9348:Korff 2018b 9254:Condon 2011 9218:Connor 2016 9206:Pascoe 2007 9053:Morris 2001 9041:Broome 2010 8976:Cook, James 8939:Horton 1996 8897:Pascoe 2015 8795:Pascoe 2018 8535:Wright 2017 8394:Cooper 2001 8319:Marcus 2016 8307:Loxley 2002 8247:Harper 2017 8010:Madley 2012 7995:Pardoe 1991 7947:Boehme 2017 7658:Ballyn 2011 7631:Pardoe 2006 7584:, p. . 7385:Korff 2021a 7278:Horton 2015 7160:Taylor 2008 7105:NAIDOC Week 7089:IndigenousX 6986:Kelvin Kong 6975:Mick Dodson 6967:Jean Little 6880:Yothu Yindi 6872:Ernie Dingo 6753:, like the 6658:Alison Page 6646:Chris Kenny 6521:bi-partisan 6490:John Howard 6475:seat quotas 6200:Yorta Yorta 6102:; economic 5563:Patty Mills 5555:rugby union 5527:Lionel Rose 5446:Adam Goodes 5390:Jardwadjali 5357:Mondellimin 5316:Adam Briggs 5312:Nakkiah Lui 5269:Wayne Blair 5257:Sally Riley 5187:The Straits 5174:Yolŋu Matha 5138:The Tracker 5129:Bryan Brown 5125:Ernie Dingo 5115:Nick Parson 5054:colour film 5042:F.J. Gillen 4942:(2008) and 4930:Anita Heiss 4926:Yvette Holt 4922:Nakkiah Lui 4844:written by 4730:Bullroarers 4726:Arnhem Land 4724:region and 4711:Arnhem Land 4707:A. P. Elkin 4619:–1903) and 4617: 1824 4598:watercolour 4579:Arnhem Land 4475:Arnhem Land 3866:2016 census 3862:2011 census 3790: 1933 3695:Shaw v Wolf 3468:Percentage 3465:Population 3359:child abuse 3349:John Howard 3291:John Howard 3179:. In 1982, 3104:joined the 3029:section 127 3017:Harold Holt 2994:Kev Carmody 2922:Picture of 2888:First Fleet 2869: 1860 2723:Philippines 2703:New Zealand 2375:initiatives 2251:Land rights 2173:Arnhem Land 1954:First Fleet 1898:Rockhampton 1883:New Zealand 1820:First Fleet 1786:First Fleet 1766:New Holland 1607:Queensland 1592:Traditional 1530:Corranderrk 1522:Arnhem Land 1518:stringybark 1294:Philippines 1222:Melanesians 1171:Arnhem Land 782:Tiwi people 743: 1881 683: 1858 649:Thelma Plum 621:Blak lik mi 580:Karla Grant 547:skin colour 503:colonialist 492:(from) and 448:Terminology 415:First Fleet 293:Melanesians 261:no religion 190:New Zealand 67:2021 census 40:Australians 25780:Categories 25437:Prehistory 25360:Visual art 25313:Didgeridoo 25225:Fibrecraft 25200:Bush bread 25066:Mass media 24993:Placenames 24870:Marn Grook 24860:Kurdaitcha 24843:Aboriginal 24805:Corroboree 24724:Victorians 24714:Tasmanians 24318:Polynesian 24293:Melanesian 24234:Sama-Bajau 24167:Polynesian 24147:Melanesian 24132:Mangarevan 24009:Micronesia 23719:Literature 23389:Australia 23135:navigation 22630:Television 22600:Literature 22485:Irreligion 22465:Healthcare 22460:Euthanasia 22440:Censorship 22247:Government 22193:Liberalism 22163:Parliament 21875:Indigenous 21865:Federation 21855:Diplomatic 21829:Since 1945 21794:Prehistory 21149:16 January 21145:. ABC News 20993:"AustLang" 20880:4 December 20739:24 October 20715:(3): 156. 20617:24 January 20597:30 October 20517:24 January 20497:24 January 20468:29 January 20398:High Court 20295:12 October 20275:29 January 19992:(3): 329. 19818:29 January 19749:4 November 19723:4 November 19466:24 October 19446:15 January 19324:25 October 19104:17 January 19083:15 January 19055:24 January 19032:1037018065 18915:4 November 18820:5 November 18800:4 November 18749:. BBC News 18736:4 November 18696:12 October 18613:12 January 18557:The Herald 18526:16 January 18396:28 January 18184:12 October 18163:24 October 18138:17 October 17963:5 November 17737:: 77–106. 17628:28 January 17366:. ABC News 17233:12 January 17160:24 October 16924:29 January 16833:12 October 16765:24 January 16745:6 December 16705:5 December 16701:. Stats NZ 16661:30 October 16541:5 November 16458:. ABC News 16445:4 November 16261:27 January 16241:28 January 16145:4 November 15988:Glynn, Ian 15956:29 January 15936:12 October 15893:5 February 15674:24 October 15475:15 October 15376:8 November 15336:12 October 15297:30 October 15273:. ABC News 15212:10 January 14990:24 October 14961:. ABC News 14789:High Court 14633:10 January 14595:30 October 14575:15 January 14567:(Report). 14476:24 January 14385:28 January 14270:28 January 14181:The laws: 13840:30 October 13787:28 January 13765:30 October 13749:28 January 13664:4 November 13452:8 December 13428:4 November 13389:(Report). 13093:1 February 13010:29 January 12978:4 November 12896:12 January 12849:23 January 12765:23 January 12749:30 October 12489:12 October 12325:Offer 2018 12128:ANTaR 2012 12089:Lloyd 2009 12065:ATNS – ICC 12026:Torre 2022 12014:Nicol 2022 11936:Lloyd 2011 11882:5 February 11857:5 February 11852:Al Jazeera 11835:DoSSM 2022 11799:Korff 2022 11528:LAoNT 2004 11290:Swift 2011 11170:Maher 2013 11059:Fiona 2007 11023:NGA – ATSI 10733:Walsh 1997 10697:Dixon 1997 10673:Evans 2003 10661:UniSA 2008 10598:ABS 2077.0 10210:Anaya 2010 10137:Welch 2008 10079:Pratt 2003 9857:Kelly 2010 9620:Resistance 9552:3 December 9514:Moses 2017 9498:Daley 2014 9384:Wynne 2018 9266:McMah 2016 9065:Foley 2007 8951:Evans 2007 8912:Gough 2011 8859:The Herald 8778:Flood 1984 8454:Brown 2015 8430:Forum 2001 8295:Casey 2009 8139:Ogden 2013 7983:Heath 2017 7935:Munro 2020 7920:Balla 2021 7713:'Genocide' 7646:Moyal 2017 7533:Hodge 1990 7140:Islander". 6955:Eddie Mabo 6923:Nova Peris 6857:Windradyne 6809:Aboriginal 6670:Pat Turner 6654:June Oscar 6642:Mick Gooda 6577:See also: 6506:Kevin Rudd 6427:, who was 6425:Adam Giles 6406:Bess Price 6343:Adam Giles 6289:Pat Dodson 6277:Nova Peris 6234:See also: 6110:; loss of 6087:See also: 5974:Employment 5819:depression 5757:, several 5736:See also: 5676:median age 5630:physically 5456:for 2014. 5410:Wurundjeri 5398:Marn Grook 5304:TV series 5165:Ten Canoes 5160:soundtrack 5143:Gary Sweet 5120:Dead Heart 5098:Peter Weir 5094:bushranger 5021:See also: 4964:BlackWords 4952:Stan Grant 4887:Jack Davis 4794:Literature 4750:Corroboree 4734:clapsticks 4718:didgeridoo 4675:Didgeridoo 4575:Queensland 4431:See also: 4317:Piltawodli 4211:Aboriginal 4196:corroboree 4160:Meriam Mir 4089:sprachbund 4021:population 3995:population 3945:population 3907:Queensland 3847:See also: 3810:Polynesian 3606:See also: 3602:Definition 3452:Population 3420:Section 25 3384:Bess Price 3322:Kevin Rudd 3302:Kevin Rudd 3283:referendum 3212:a group of 3201:400 metres 2990:Paul Kelly 2879:High Court 2858:pelt cloak 2632:Indigenism 2276:Protection 2019:appointed 2002:Mount Baga 1958:chickenpox 1836:Queensland 1824:Botany Bay 1805:Wurundjeri 1758:James Cook 1746:James Cook 1542:buka cloak 1498:Fibrecraft 1486:boomerangs 1450:Wathaurung 1433:Aboriginal 1286:New Guinea 1270:Melanesian 1246:Andamanese 1220:, such as 1149:Lake Mungo 1126:Madjedbebe 1080:See also: 1052:Pila Nguru 1028:ecological 912:Eddie Mabo 890:New Guinea 613:Blaktivism 601:See also: 591:Blackfella 552:Gary Foley 539:See also: 483:aboriginal 481:The word ' 473:Variations 391:didgeridoo 325:Queensland 319:, and the 99:Queensland 25669:continent 25459:Black War 25454:Massacres 25293:Artefacts 25190:Boomerang 25182:Bushcraft 25106:Sorry Day 24920:Songlines 24795:Astronomy 24752:Musicians 24747:Activists 24435:Australia 24358:Tokelauan 24187:Vanuatuan 24115:Mythology 24071:Slit drum 24061:Polynesia 24004:Melanesia 23964:Australia 23768:Australia 23518:Australia 23462:Languages 23383:Festivals 23309:kapa haka 23206:Outrigger 22928:Australia 22900:Polynesia 22875:areca nut 22762:Australia 22537:Squatting 22490:Languages 22455:Education 22435:Aged care 22399:Transport 22208:Socialism 22188:Far-right 22178:Christian 22173:Anarchism 22136:Judiciary 22072:Donations 22067:Elections 21978:Mountains 21926:Continent 21904:Geography 21824:1901–1945 21819:1851–1900 21814:1788–1850 21760:Australia 21348:0028-0836 21080:28 August 20999:. AIATSIS 20844:2205-5010 20800:2770-5005 20729:146744619 20694:7 January 20449:3 January 20433:3 January 20355:2 January 20193:2073-4425 20134:8 January 20108:164778361 19975:5 January 19918:7 January 19660:7 January 19542:147512803 19410:14 August 19351:14 August 19144:ABC Radio 18946:146785882 18542:13 August 18422:28 August 18245:162362872 18237:0043-8243 18120:2205-3220 18040:1039-1010 18032:1837-2317 17770:6 January 17751:146190611 17697:: 69–75. 17604:19 August 17560:17 August 17516:13 August 17439:0737-4038 17370:19 August 17294:19 August 17280:0085-5804 17193:5 January 16905:19 August 16482:6 January 16399:AUSPUBLAW 16364:19 August 16314:"History" 16068:30 August 15922:298595987 15874:746307071 15739:ANU Press 15648:6 January 15621:29 August 15560:8 January 15262:190738751 15231:5 January 15010:19 August 14858:4 January 14764:3 January 14729:13 August 14551:13 August 14533:205257212 14366:2204-1362 14046:28 August 13957:28 August 13918:8 January 13862:13 August 13582:210774854 13574:1444-6928 13312:0027-8424 13215:28 August 13030:19 August 12868:5 January 12809:8 January 12685:23 August 12641:1 January 12625:8 January 12609:1 January 12593:5 January 12557:5 January 12277:ALII 1992 12077:OIPC 2006 11763:AHRC 2008 11691:AHRC 2018 11504:AHRC 2019 11446:NIAA 2018 11182:NAA – DaD 10837:Amery n.d 10784:QCAA 2018 10472:Ross 1999 10460:Ross 1999 10441:Ross 1999 10414:Ross 1999 10360:ALRC 2010 10222:Kirk 2010 9992:ABC 2016b 9869:NMoA 1968 9732:Read 1981 9530:Ryan 2021 9143:Mear 2008 9080:Lack 1963 8963:Bach 1966 8927:Hugo 2012 8583:Yang 2022 8331:ABC 2016a 8073:ABS 2004a 7812:Bird 2011 7346:Citations 7291:Wood 2012 7172:Ryan 1996 6919:Ken Wyatt 6841:Bennelong 6716:Cape York 6708:Kimberley 6601:Tom Calma 6563:Makarrata 6559:Statement 6363:territory 6328:Ben Wyatt 6316:Ken Wyatt 6305:incumbent 6293:incumbent 6285:incumbent 5901:Education 5810:self-harm 5761:(such as 5708:education 5551:Mark Ella 5485:Tom Wills 5465:Tom Wills 5414:Gippsland 5370:Victorian 5288:Cleverman 5221:TV series 5196:Jimi Bani 5071:Walkabout 5068:. 1971's 4906:Kim Scott 4879:'s novel 4846:Bennelong 4746:oral lore 4742:Dreamtime 4738:Songlines 4722:Kimberley 4587:Dreamtime 4414:Christian 4329:Schürmann 4264:Ngangkari 4253:songlines 4233:ancestral 4180:Yumplatok 4114:nganbirra 4076:Kimberley 4039:Languages 3982:excluded) 3876:. In the 3856:The 2006 3210:In 1984, 3181:Mark Ella 3167:In sport 3144:. In the 3134:Ken Wyatt 3087:Mabo Case 2743:Venezuela 2668:Australia 2663:Argentina 2655:Countries 2575:Biopiracy 2515:Land Back 1987:Truganini 1877:in 1869. 1691:Tasmania 1663:Victoria 1514:paperbark 1494:Stone Age 1431:is where 1341:, a.k.a. 1299:Denisovan 1218:Oceanians 1133:Mungo Man 855:Truganini 607:The term 519:(such as 438:" in the 436:genocidal 424:Massacres 387:boomerang 375:religious 346:The term 333:Melanesia 307:prior to 305:Australia 228:Minority: 205:Languages 65:812,728 ( 25466:Missions 25318:Dreaming 25215:Coolamon 25086:Politics 24930:Tjurunga 24634:folklore 24450:Kiribati 24387:Religion 24373:Visayans 24348:Tahitian 24328:Rapa Nui 24258:Hawaiian 24239:Chamorro 24196:Research 24182:Tuvaluan 24172:Rapa Nui 24152:Menehune 23994:Kiribati 23783:Kiribati 23533:Kiribati 23399:Hawaiʻi 23374:'upa'upa 23314:Kiribati 23264:ʻAparima 23186:Hōkūleʻa 23008:Kiribati 22859:tivaevae 22839:taʻovala 22787:magimagi 22687:Category 22532:Religion 22430:Abortion 22384:Taxation 22153:Monarchy 22148:Military 22104:Intersex 22040:Politics 22021:Capitals 21885:Monarchy 21880:Military 21860:Economic 21838:By topic 21784:Timeline 21764:articles 21720:26 March 21667:26 March 21647:26 March 21482:Quadrant 21465:24753576 21366:34433944 21305:20 April 21208:26 March 21168:Archived 21122:"bininj" 21049:ABC News 21035:9 August 21003:26 March 20983:3 August 20936:26 March 20828:. 2018. 20537:30 April 20427:Archived 20307:(1974). 20211:36553640 20084:47 min. 20015:26 March 19864:14580590 19672:(1996). 19605:23895479 19560:9 August 19436:Dovetail 19422:Archived 19275:21940856 19197:Archived 19170:26 March 19049:Archived 18961:: 1–21. 18636:23164573 18597:9 August 18564:25 March 18494:26515539 18326:26 March 18306:2 August 18083:20691402 17935:23319617 17882:27654912 17823:27654914 17722:Archived 17682:31243109 17674:15890885 17590:ABC News 17457:28074030 17313:30 April 17213:1 August 17036:ABC News 17002:12532283 16867:ABC News 16685:28 March 16596:17496137 16521:43687042 16404:16 April 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1230:Negritos 1177:Genetics 923:decision 843:Tasmania 817:language 806:Warlpiri 804:and the 794:Tasmania 770:Victoria 762:Arrernte 728:language 687:Victoria 584:Arrernte 521:Arrernte 420:smallpox 371:artistic 354:and the 317:Tasmania 246:Religion 164:Tasmania 138:Victoria 132:(30.34%) 25735:Oceania 25705:Eurasia 25663:of the 25498:Apology 25432:History 25375:History 25275:Woomera 25051:AIATSIS 24905:Seasons 24855:Kinship 24820:Deities 24810:Country 24787:Culture 24777:Writers 24691:Peoples 24638:cuisine 24601:Tokelau 24500:Vanuatu 24343:Tagalog 24333:Rotuman 24303:Negrito 24273:Ivatans 24263:Ilocano 24248:Rekohu) 24101:Vanuatu 24086:Tokelau 23934:Tokelau 23833:Vanuatu 23684:Tokelau 23583:Vanuatu 23470:by area 23359:tautoga 23294:hivinau 23196:Karakoa 23095:Vanuatu 22921:general 22829:tā moko 22824:reimiro 22814:Oceania 22664:Outline 22635:Theatre 22625:Symbols 22590:Cuisine 22557:Culture 22418:Society 22394:Tourism 22364:Poverty 22300:Economy 22082:Parties 21983:Regions 21973:Islands 21968:Geology 21963:Forests 21931:Deserts 21916:Climate 21890:Railway 21772:History 21499:Reports 21456:4034217 21433:Bibcode 21407:3014371 21372:qpGraph 21357:8387238 21328:Bibcode 21188:6 April 21132:20 June 21111:28 June 20684:AIATSIS 20413:25 July 20202:9778601 20082:(film). 20051:. 2008. 19872:2517580 19844:Bibcode 19596:3796865 19370:11 June 19266:3991479 19245:Bibcode 19237:Science 19150:21 June 18895:6 April 18839:Bibcode 18773:22 June 18768:The Age 18716:23 July 18591:The Age 18502:2225529 18074:2917718 17926:3562786 17903:Bibcode 17873:5161557 17852:Bibcode 17831:4471731 17793:Bibcode 17654:Bibcode 17646:Science 17496:6 April 17448:5400393 17135:27 June 17041:10 July 16875:"JEDDA" 16813:27 June 16781:6 April 16719:AIATSIS 16637:23 July 16587:1885570 16564:Bibcode 16535:The Age 16477:AIATSIS 16462:24 June 16286:PM show 16202:16 July 16029:5 April 15601:5 April 15116:Q&A 15005:Science 14922:Science 14801:AIATSIS 14689:19 June 14673:19 June 14657:19 June 14495:Bibcode 14428:6 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21151:2020 21134:2019 21113:2009 21082:2020 21037:2009 21005:2022 20985:2013 20938:2022 20882:2011 20840:ISSN 20830:ISBN 20796:ISSN 20741:2012 20696:2020 20665:ISBN 20637:ISBN 20619:2020 20599:2018 20554:ISBN 20539:2018 20519:2020 20499:2020 20470:2017 20451:2020 20435:2020 20415:2023 20376:2011 20357:2020 20322:ISBN 20297:2009 20277:2017 20254:ISBN 20226:ISBN 20207:PMID 20189:ISSN 20136:2020 20063:ISBN 20037:2011 20017:2022 19977:2020 19961:2022 19933:ISBN 19920:2020 19890:ISBN 19860:PMID 19820:2017 19751:2020 19725:2020 19682:ISBN 19662:2020 19623:ISBN 19601:PMID 19562:2009 19507:ISBN 19481:ISBN 19468:2018 19448:2020 19412:2020 19372:2020 19353:2020 19326:2012 19293:ISBN 19271:PMID 19224:2011 19205:2015 19172:2022 19152:2007 19106:2020 19085:2020 19057:2020 19028:OCLC 19018:ISBN 18999:ISBN 18980:ISBN 18959:2006 18917:2020 18897:2021 18822:2016 18802:2020 18775:2018 18755:2019 18738:2020 18718:2016 18698:2009 18674:NITV 18655:ISBN 18615:2018 18599:2009 18579:Time 18566:2020 18544:2013 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