31:
531:), and in whose eastern parts transitional dialects (North Vogtlandian and Southeast Vogtlandian) are spoken. The East Franconian dialects are the only Franconian dialects that are referred to as "Franconian" by their speakers. Only the speakers in Saxon Vogtland refer to their dialects as "Vogtlandian" rather than "Franconian". The largest cities in the East Franconian dialect area are
822:
Munske, Horst Haider; Hinderling, Robert (1996). "Linguistic Atlas of
Bavaria-Swabia", "Linguistic Atlas of Middle Franconia", "Linguistic Atlas of Lower Franconia", "Linguistic Atlas of North East Bavaria", "Linguistic Atlas of Lower and Upper Bavaria".
303:. While a descriptive definition of Franconian as a whole does not exist, its internal subdivisions can be defined and contrasted, both with one another and other large dialect groupings.
557:
in France. While these dialects are considered as dialects of German in Baden-WĂĽrttemberg, they are considered as dialects of
Alsatian in Alsace (the other dialects in Alsace are either
322:
Low
Franconian, Low Frankish, or Netherlandic is a linguistic category used to classify many historical and contemporary West Germanic varieties closely related to, and including, the
693:
Breuker, Ph. H. (1990), "On the Course of
Franciscus Junius' Germanic Studies, with Special Reference to Frisian", in Bremmer, Rolf H. Jr.; van der Meer, Geart; Vries, Oebele (eds.),
240:
into
Frisian, Saxon, and Frankish varieties. In both cases, linguistic borders of historical ancestor dialects were, at the time, thought to closely mirror the supposed
88:
for all the various dialects conventionally grouped as
Franconian. As such, it forms a residual category within the larger historical West Germanic
712:. Studies in Historical Archaeoethnology. Vol. 6. Suffolk: Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Social Stress / Woodbridge. p. 19.
565:
parts, and as "Unterländisch" (the
Unterland being the region around Heilbronn) or "Swabian" (because of strong influences from the capital
479:
The East
Franconian dialect branch is one of the most spoken dialect branches in Germany. These dialects are mainly spoken in the region of
553:
South
Franconian is mainly spoken in northern Baden-WĂĽrttemberg in Germany, but also in the northeasternmost part of the region of
667:) besides "Gothisch" and "Alemannisch" as "Oberdeutsch") and p. 51 ("Mittel-Deutsch. (Ost-Fränkisch.)" including "Fränkisch" (
913:
92:
and not a homogeneous group of closely related dialects. For most of the varieties grouped under the term "Franconian", the
17:
948:
561:
or Rhine
Franconian). The South Franconian dialects are colloquially referred to by their speakers as "Badian" in the
137:
Both the term Franconian and its further delineations are restricted in their use to linguists and are not used as an
893:
888:
832:
812:
933:
878:
205:(1850–1926) to designate historical West Germanic texts which he could not readily classify as belonging to either
898:
272:
938:
283:
to have collected fragments of the old Frankish and other languages for the elucidation of the mother tongue (
943:
928:
918:
923:
371:
123:
30:
638:
107:
255:
Earlier use of "Franconian/Frankish" as a linguistic category can be found. For example, Dutch linguist
624:
697:, Amsterdamer Beiträge zur ãlteren Germanistik Bd. 31/32; Estrikken 69, Amsterdam: Rodopi, p. 44
417:
285:" ad illustrandam linguam patriam ex lingua vetere Francica, Saxonica, Gothica, Cimbrica, Frisia, "
908:
903:
339:
710:
The continental Saxons from the migration period to the tenth century: an ethnographic perspective
594:
883:
714:
There has never been such a thing as one Frankish language. The Franks spoke different languages.
644:
548:
70:
528:
232:: 19th-century Dutch linguists also conventionally divided the Germanic varieties spoken in the
668:
463:
381:
326:(or Netherlandish). Most dialects and languages included within the category are spoken in the
142:
93:
753:
276:
443:
423:
401:
393:
385:
516:
431:
8:
599:
577:
parts of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg. The largest cities in the South Franconian dialect area are
798:. Brill's Studies in Intellectual History. Vol. 92. Leiden / Boston / Köln: Brill.
447:
377:
225:
138:
805:
Wie såchd denn Ihr dezu?: Ein fränkisches Mundart-Wörterbuch für den Landkreis Kronach
828:
808:
664:
508:
249:
214:
157:
97:
89:
85:
78:
558:
512:
492:
221:
147:
500:
496:
488:
245:
210:
182:
152:
803:
Feulner, Hans-JĂĽrgen; Wunder, Bernhard; Bittruf, Doris; Grebner, Stefan (1997).
570:
469:
323:
317:
202:
115:
111:
574:
872:
451:
256:
130:) did, to varying degrees, divides the varieties having received the epithet
127:
473:
355:
347:
327:
233:
536:
397:
241:
206:
161:(East Franconian) by its speakers, though this is due to the region of
73:, some of which are spoken in what formed the historical core area of
69:
is a collective term traditionally used by linguists to refer to many
582:
578:
566:
532:
504:
480:
162:
119:
524:
427:
389:
351:
335:
300:
201:) as a modern linguistic category was used by the German linguist
484:
439:
422:
The Rhine Franconian dialects are spoken in the German states of
405:
359:
331:
296:
237:
229:
74:
554:
520:
468:
The East Franconian dialects are transitional dialects between
343:
101:
758:. London: Swan Sonnenschein, Le Bas & Lowrey. p. 68.
562:
435:
772:, pages 472, 473. Stuttgart, Weimar: Metzler, 2000 (entries
802:
631:
280:
380:
dialects are spoken in the German states of South-Western
796:
The origins of Old Germanic studies in the Low Countries
727:
Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics
661:
Uebersicht aller bekannten Sprachen und ihrer Dialekte.
224:
when naming dialect groups during the early stages of
623:. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge / New York:
519:. The easternmost Franconian-speaking areas are the
267:. According to van Vliet, Franconian descended from
141:
by any speakers of the Franconian group; except for
220:The practice of alluding to tribal names from the
27:Term referring to several West Germanic varieties
870:
821:
295:The term "Franconian" refers to a collection of
842:Munske, Horst Haider; Klepsch, Alfred (2004) .
729:, University of California Press, 1991, p. 321.
527:, in whose central parts East Franconian (Core
365:
752:Strong, Herbert Augustus; Meyer, Kuno (1886).
850:
841:
707:
755:Outlines of a history of the German language
187:
53:
47:
41:
35:
751:
195:
663:St. Petersburg, 1820, p. 45 ("Fränkisch" (
507:), and the eastern parts of the region of
306:
271:(ancient German). Similarly, the scholar
671:) between "Hessisch" and "NĂĽrnbergisch")
29:
725:Sarah Grey Thomason, Terrence Kaufman:
692:
618:
14:
871:
793:
708:Green, D. H.; Siegmund, Frank (2003).
701:
680:
643:, published on 19th October 2009; in:
859:
862:German: A Linguistic History to 1945
844:Linguistic Atlas of Middle Franconia
542:
411:
24:
457:
25:
960:
311:
84:Linguistically, it has no common
827:. Heidelberg: University Press.
695:Aspects of Old Frisian Philology
122:) not participating whereas the
846:. Heidelberg: University Press.
787:
762:
745:
732:
719:
686:
674:
650:
619:Harbert, Wayne Eugene (2007).
612:
446:department, as well as by the
168:
13:
1:
851:van der Horst, J. M. (2002).
742:, Wardja Press, 2008, p. 73.
647:(accessed 21st November 2020)
605:
290:
165:where the dialect is spoken.
914:Languages of the Netherlands
645:Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
573:dialects are spoken) in the
483:. Franconia consists of the
372:Central Franconian languages
366:Middle or Central Franconian
277:Jo(h)annes Georgius Graevius
7:
855:. University Press, Leuven.
807:. Schirmer Druck, Mitwitz.
588:
108:High German consonant shift
46:), Old Central Franconian (
10:
965:
864:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
625:Cambridge University Press
546:
461:
442:, in the bordering French
415:
369:
315:
100:, which was spoken by the
949:Languages of South Africa
853:Introduction to Old Dutch
825:Bavarian Linguistic Atlas
418:Rhine Franconian dialects
894:Central German languages
889:Low Franconian languages
52:), Old East Franconian (
934:Languages of Luxembourg
879:West Germanic languages
770:Metzler Lexikon Sprache
549:South Franconian German
392:, the bordering French
307:Divisions of Franconian
94:diachronical connection
71:West Germanic languages
899:Upper German languages
740:The History of English
621:The Germanic Languages
464:East Franconian German
382:North Rhine-Westphalia
346:, in western Germany (
228:was not restricted to
196:
188:
59:
54:
48:
42:
36:
939:Languages of Suriname
860:Wells, Chris (1985).
794:Dekker, Kees (1999).
33:
944:Languages of Namibia
929:Languages of Germany
919:Languages of Belgium
424:Rhineland-Palatinate
402:Transylvanian Saxons
400:, as well as by the
386:Rhineland-Palatinate
248:at the start of the
183:Standard High German
153:Standard High German
86:typological features
18:Franconian languages
924:Languages of France
683:, pp. 245–248.
659:Friedrich Adelung:
640:Fränkische Dialekte
600:East Central German
396:department, and in
515:and Hohenlohe) in
448:Pennsylvania Dutch
378:Central Franconian
226:Germanic Philology
145:, which is called
124:Central Franconian
60:
49:Altmittelfränkisch
768:GlĂĽck, H. (ed.):
627:. pp. 15–17.
517:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
509:Heilbronn-Franken
432:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
350:), as well as in
273:Franciscus Junius
259:(1622–1666) used
250:Early Middle Ages
98:Frankish language
90:dialect continuum
79:Early Middle Ages
43:Altniederländisch
34:West Franconian (
16:(Redirected from
956:
865:
856:
847:
838:
818:
799:
781:
766:
760:
759:
749:
743:
736:
730:
723:
717:
716:
705:
699:
698:
690:
684:
678:
672:
654:
648:
637:Alfred Klepsch:
635:
629:
628:
616:
543:South Franconian
513:Tauber Franconia
499:, the region of
412:Rhine Franconian
222:Migration Period
199:
191:
126:(which includes
57:
51:
45:
39:
21:
964:
963:
959:
958:
957:
955:
954:
953:
909:Frankish people
904:German dialects
869:
868:
835:
815:
790:
785:
784:
778:Niederfränkisch
767:
763:
750:
746:
737:
733:
724:
720:
706:
702:
691:
687:
679:
675:
669:East Franconian
655:
651:
636:
632:
617:
613:
608:
591:
551:
545:
501:South Thuringia
497:Lower Franconia
466:
460:
458:East Franconian
420:
414:
374:
368:
320:
314:
309:
299:, and not to a
293:
246:Frankish Empire
171:
143:East Franconian
55:Altostfränkisch
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
962:
952:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Dutch language
881:
867:
866:
857:
848:
839:
833:
819:
813:
800:
789:
786:
783:
782:
761:
744:
731:
718:
700:
685:
673:
649:
630:
610:
609:
607:
604:
603:
602:
597:
590:
587:
575:WĂĽrttembergian
547:Main article:
544:
541:
462:Main article:
459:
456:
416:Main article:
413:
410:
370:Main article:
367:
364:
342:department of
324:Dutch language
318:Low Franconian
316:Main article:
313:
312:Low Franconian
310:
308:
305:
292:
289:
242:tribal duchies
203:Wilhelm Braune
170:
167:
112:Low Franconian
104:, is unclear.
40:), Old Dutch (
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
961:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
874:
863:
858:
854:
849:
845:
840:
836:
834:3-8260-1865-6
830:
826:
820:
816:
814:3-9803467-3-0
810:
806:
801:
797:
792:
791:
779:
775:
774:Niederdeutsch
771:
765:
757:
756:
748:
741:
735:
728:
722:
715:
711:
704:
696:
689:
682:
677:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
646:
642:
641:
634:
626:
622:
615:
611:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
550:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
487:districts of
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
465:
455:
453:
452:North America
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
419:
409:
407:
403:
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395:
391:
387:
383:
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333:
329:
325:
319:
304:
302:
298:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:Jan van Vliet
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
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184:
180:
176:
166:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
128:Luxembourgish
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
56:
50:
44:
38:
37:Westfränkisch
32:
19:
861:
852:
843:
824:
804:
795:
788:Bibliography
777:
773:
769:
764:
754:
747:
739:
738:Scott Shay:
734:
726:
721:
713:
709:
703:
694:
688:
676:
660:
656:
652:
639:
633:
620:
614:
595:Old Frankish
552:
478:
474:Upper German
467:
421:
375:
356:South Africa
321:
294:
284:
275:was said by
268:
264:
260:
254:
219:
194:
186:
178:
174:
172:
156:
146:
136:
131:
106:
83:
66:
62:
61:
681:Dekker 1999
529:Vogtlandian
438:, northern
434:, southern
430:, northern
348:Lower Rhine
330:, northern
328:Netherlands
234:Netherlands
169:Terminology
114:(including
77:during the
873:Categories
606:References
398:Luxembourg
384:, most of
338:), in the
291:Definition
179:Franconian
158:Fränggisch
132:Franconian
63:Franconian
583:Heilbronn
579:Karlsruhe
567:Stuttgart
559:Alemannic
533:Nuremberg
523:parts of
505:Thuringia
481:Franconia
269:oud Teuts
211:Alemannic
207:Low Saxon
197:Frankisch
193:, Dutch:
189:Fränkisch
173:The term
163:Franconia
148:Fränkisch
120:Afrikaans
665:Bavarian
589:See also
569:, where
537:WĂĽrzburg
525:Vogtland
485:Bavarian
470:Central-
428:Saarland
390:Saarland
352:Suriname
336:Flanders
301:language
297:dialects
261:Francica
215:Bavarian
175:Frankish
67:Frankish
571:Swabian
493:Middle-
444:Moselle
440:Bavaria
406:Romania
394:Moselle
360:Namibia
332:Belgium
265:Francks
244:of the
238:Belgium
230:Germany
139:endonym
110:, with
96:to the
75:Francia
831:
811:
563:Badian
555:Alsace
495:, and
489:Upper-
358:, and
344:France
102:Franks
657:e.g.:
521:Saxon
436:Hesse
155:) or
116:Dutch
829:ISBN
809:ISBN
776:and
581:and
535:and
472:and
376:The
340:Nord
281:1694
236:and
118:and
450:in
404:in
287:).
279:in
263:or
213:or
177:or
134:.
65:or
875::
585:.
539:.
491:,
476:.
454:.
426:,
408:.
388:,
362:.
354:,
252:.
217:.
209:,
185::
81:.
837:.
817:.
780:)
511:(
503:(
334:(
181:(
151:(
58:)
20:)
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