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74:, and Nancy Weston, an enslaved woman of European and African descent. After becoming a widower, the senior Grimké began a relationship with Weston. He moved with her out of the city to his plantation, where they and their family would have more privacy. She was his official domestic partner in the house, where he enslaved her and her children. Henry and Nancy gave Francis and his brothers—
377:. He became the organization's founding Treasurer, serving in this capacity until 1919. He played an active role among the scholars, editors, and activists of this first major African-American learned society, which refuted racist scholarship, promoted black claims to individual, social, and political equality, and studied the history and sociology of African-American life.
120:, a jail for Union soldiers. Francis was found and jailed for a time before being returned to Montague Grimké, who sold him to another Confederate officer. Archibald ran away and hid for two years with relatives until after the end of the Civil War. Montague never provided well for his half-brothers or their mother.
20:
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Henry's sister Eliza, executor of his will, brought the family to
Charleston and allowed them to live as if they were free, but she did not aid them financially. Nancy Weston took in laundry and did other work; when the boys were old enough, they attended a public school with free African Americans.
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after his speech was reported. Because of the unusual name, she wrote to learn whether he was related to her family. After learning that he was their nephew and about his brothers, Angelina and Sarah officially acknowledged the three mixed-race boys as family. The sisters supported the three boys
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Henry Grimké died in 1852. As he was dying, Henry willed Nancy, who was pregnant with their third child, and their two sons, Archibald and
Francis, to his son and heir, Montague Grimké, by his first wife. He directed that they "be treated as members of the family."
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Francis and his brother went through many hardships afterward, as their father had kept them in slavery and not provided for them financially. After the Civil War, which disrupted family fortunes further, Francis and
Archibald were enrolled at
163:, for higher education at Lincoln University. It was a historically black college founded in Pennsylvania to educate African Americans. They received tuition from a church committee but had no money for books and clothing.
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while they were in college and opened their home to them. The youngest brother, John Grimké, did not go to school and chose to stay in
Charleston with their mother, Nancy Weston.
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to join activists there. His other siblings continued to represent and carry out the expected roles, as he mostly did, of their prominent slaveholding family of
Charleston.
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384:, Grimké continued to lead the Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church in Washington, D.C. until 1928. He died in 1937, more than twenty years after Charlotte.
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131:'s schools, where the teachers recognized their talents. They gained support to send Archibald and Francis to the Northern United States. They studied at
159:, where he first stayed with Dr. John Brown and then with Mr. and Mrs. Lyman Dyke. The brothers were then sponsored by Mrs. Pillsbury, sister-in-law of
327:. When they married, Charlotte was 41, and Francis was 13 years her junior. In 1880, they had one daughter, Theodora Cornelia, who died as an infant.
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In 1860, Montague "claimed them as slaves," bringing the boys into his home as servants. Later, he hired out both
Archibald and Francis. During the
347:. He led that congregation until 1885 and was active throughout the community in Washington. He then moved to Woodlawn Presbyterian Church in
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stayed with
Francis and his wife during that time. Angelina later became a teacher, prominent writer, and activist in her own right.
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Fifteenth Street
Presbyterian Church in Washington, DC, once led by Grimké. The church is shown here as it was in about 1899.
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Seraile, William. Bruce Grit: The Black
Nationalist Writings of John Edward Bruce. Univ. of Tennessee Press, 2003. p110-111
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Twentieth century Negro literature; or, A cyclopedia of thought on the vital topics relating to the
American Negro
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elite of Philadelphia. Among her acquaintances were many members of the national abolitionist movement, including
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522:
573:
Alfred A. Moss. The American Negro Academy: Voice of the Talented Tenth. Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
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Except for a few years' sojourn at Laura St. Presbyterian Church (now known as Woodlawn Presbyterian Church) in
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Francis and Archibald both graduated from Lincoln University in 1870. Francis went on to graduate studies at
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minister in Washington, DC. He was regarded for more than half a century as one of the leading
654:, Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. "Francis Grimke (1850-1937)," p. 117-121.
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The Faithful Preacher: Recapturing the Vision of Three Pioneering African-American Pastors
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Lift Up Thy Voice:: The Grimké Family's Journey From Slaveholders to Civil Rights Leaders
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Francis Grimké was the second of three sons born to Henry Grimké, a white slaveowner of
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181:, from which he graduated in 1878. Francis became ordained as a Presbyterian minister.
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clergy of his era and was prominent in working for equal rights. He was active in the
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Francis Grimké said: "Race prejudice can't be talked down; it must be lived down."
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Francis was a participant in the March 5, 1897, meeting to celebrate the memory of
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and helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (
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439:"Francis Grimke: An African American Witness in Reformed Political Theology"
303:, an abolitionist, teacher, and diarist. Charlotte was the granddaughter of
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at Log College Press, a nearly complete repository of his available works.
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by a Republican-dominated, biracial legislature. Frank then went North to
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Three volumes. Washington, D.C.: The Associated Publishers, Inc.
510:. Cleveland, Ohio: GM Rewell & Company. pp. 608–612.
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In 1868, Angelina Grimké noted Archibald Grimké's surname in
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592:. Vol. 3. The Associated Publishers, Inc. p. 323.
611:. The University of South Carolina-Aiken. Archived from
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His elder brother Archibald was appointed consul to the
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Thomas, Rhondda R. & Ashton, Susanna, eds. (2014).
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139:, established for the education of African Americans.
93:
Death of his father, American Civil War, and education
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Henry Grimké had come from a large family. Two aunts,
46:(November 4, 1850 – October 11, 1937) was an American
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and John—their first lessons in reading and writing.
651:
The South Carolina Roots of African American Thought
525:. University of South Carolina-Aiken. Archived from
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606:
506:Simmons, William J.; Turner, Henry McNeal (1887).
632:. Westminster Presbyterian Church. Archived from
630:"The Life and Witness of Reverend Francis Grimke"
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39:The Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church today.
554:. Atlanta: J.L. Nichols & Co. p. 426.
628:Mark R. Bradshaw-Miller (February 20, 2005).
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508:Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising
335:Francis began his ministry at the prominent
151:system set up for the first time during the
85:, had become abolitionists and moved to the
744:Activists for African-American civil rights
223:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
147:, part of the Charleston public schools, a
112:, Francis ran off and became a valet for a
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521:Botsch, Carol Sears (February 18, 1997).
287:Learn how and when to remove this message
749:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni
607:Carol Sears Botsch (February 18, 1997).
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358:from 1894 to 1898. Archibald's daughter
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469:Diedrich, Maria I. (December 2, 2001).
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681:Works by or about Francis James Grimké
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127:ended, the three Grimké boys attended
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779:20th-century African-American people
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221:adding citations to reliable sources
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586:(1942). Woodson, Carter G. (ed.).
299:In December 1878, Francis married
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754:African-American Christian clergy
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716:Francis James Grimké (1850–1937)
707:at the African American Registry
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659:The Works of Francis J. Grimké.
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337:15th Street Presbyterian Church
589:The Works of Francis J. Grimké
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341:Logan Circle, Washington, D.C.
179:Princeton Theological Seminary
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690:Works by Francis James Grimké
672:Works by Francis James Grimké
657:Woodson, Carter, ed. (1942).
548:Culp, Daniel Wallace (1902).
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769:19th-century American slaves
307:, a prominent member of the
137:Chester County, Pennsylvania
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696:(public domain audiobooks)
404:Anyabwile, Thabiti (2007).
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72:Charleston, South Carolina
23:Francis J. Grimké, c. 1902
759:American Christian clergy
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169:The Anti-Slavery Standard
83:Sarah and Angelina Grimké
774:Literate American slaves
66:Early life and education
157:Stoneham, Massachusetts
371:American Negro Academy
313:William Lloyd Garrison
236:"Francis James Grimké"
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636:on September 29, 2007
615:on September 27, 2007
529:on September 27, 2007
382:Jacksonville, Florida
349:Jacksonville, Florida
116:officer stationed at
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369:, which founded the
360:Angelina Weld Grimké
217:improve this section
145:Morris Street School
44:Francis James Grimké
445:. November 22, 2013
317:Sarah Parker Remond
185:Marriage and family
609:"Archibald Grimke"
584:Grinké, Francis J.
523:"Archibald Grimke"
480:The New York Times
443:Political Theology
375:Alexander Crummell
367:Frederick Douglass
356:Dominican Republic
153:Reconstruction Era
133:Lincoln University
125:American Civil War
110:American Civil War
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705:Francis J. Grimke
676:Project Gutenberg
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421:. Retrieved
410:. Crossway.
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48:Presbyterian
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739:1937 deaths
734:1850 births
640:January 17,
619:January 17,
345:White House
87:free states
62:) in 1909.
728:Categories
391:References
309:free black
247:newspapers
149:segregated
123:After the
97:See also:
471:"Review:
449:April 17,
204:does not
76:Archibald
694:LibriVox
129:freedmen
683:at the
373:led by
261:scholar
225:removed
210:sources
711:Quotes
486:May 5,
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331:Career
323:, and
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268:JSTOR
254:books
60:NAACP
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451:2019
425:2016
412:ISBN
240:news
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