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244:, 25 miles outside of Charleston. A modern scholar speculates that the move was motivated by Henry's desire to enjoy his relationship with Nancy free from the eyes of Charleston's white community. He was a father to his sons, teaching them and Nancy to read and write. In 1852, as he was dying, Henry willed Nancy, who was pregnant with their third child, and their two sons Archibald and
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recruited by national leaders to become the president of the
Washington, DC branch and moved to the capital with his daughter Angelina. As president, Grimké wrote detailed accounts of local racial injustices, such as inequitable distribution of educational funds, taking direct action in his community. His brother Francis and his wife Charlotte still lived there.
400:, who acceded to the wishes of other Southerners in his cabinet. Grimké testified before Congress against it in 1914 but failed to gain changes. He also became a national vice-president of the NAACP. The organization supported the U.S. in World War I, but Grimké highlighted the racial discrimination against blacks in the military and worked to change it.
545:, named after Archibald's aunt. They separated while their daughter was young, and Stanley returned with Angelina to the Midwest when the girl was three. When Angelina was seven, Stanley started working. She brought Angelina back to Archibald in Boston. The couple never reconciled, and Stanley never saw her daughter again; she committed
295:, a Republican newspaper for black readers. Archibald supported equal rights for blacks in the papers and public lectures, which were popular in the nineteenth century. He became increasingly active in politics and was chosen for the Republican Party's state convention in 1884. That year he was also appointed to the board of
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to his legal (white) son and heir
Montague Grimké, whose mother was Henry's deceased wife. Henry was prohibited from freeing them by a South Carolina law passed in 1841 that did not allow for the release of enslaved people through gifts or trusts. He directed that they "be treated as members of the
1279:
Memorandum submitted on behalf of the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People by Archibald H. Grimke, President of the Washington D.C. Branch, in re equitable provision for the buildings and grounds of the colored public schools of the Capital of the Nation in the Appropriation
653:
Memorandum submitted on behalf of the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People by Archibald H. Grimke, President of the Washington D.C. Branch, in re equitable provision for the buildings and grounds of the colored public schools of the Capital of the Nation in the Appropriation
392:
After his daughter graduated from college, Archibald became increasingly active as a leader in the NAACP, founded in 1909. First, he was active in Boston, writing letters protesting proposed federal legislation prohibiting interracial marriages. (The legislation was not passed.) In 1913, he was
377:
from 1903 to 1919, which supported
African-American scholars and promoted higher education for blacks. He published several papers with them, dealing with issues of the day, such as his analysis in "Modern Industrialism and the Negroes of the United States" (1908). He believed that capitalism, as
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Henry's sister Eliza, executrix of his will, brought the family to
Charleston, but she did not aid them financially. Montague allowed Nancy and her children to live relatively freely for a time, with Nancy working as a laundress to sustain the family. In 1860, Montague claimed the boys as house
482:
near
Philadelphia, compared Lincoln's all-black student body favorably with "any class I have ever had," with special praise for two students named Grimké, who came to the university "just out of slavery." Stunned, she investigated and found that Archibald and his siblings were her brother's
288:
neighborhood of the Boston area for most of his career. Beginning in the 1880s, he began to get active in politics and speaking out about the rise of white supremacy following the end of
Reconstruction in the South. From 1883 to 1885, he was editor of the
225:, a widower, and Nancy Weston, a very intelligent enslaved woman, crippled in one arm, who had been born into slavery as the daughter of an enslaved African or African-American woman; her father is unknown. Henry acknowledged his sons, although he neither
366:, the leading black paper; it was allied with Washington. Archibald wrote about national issues from his point of view, for instance, urging more activism and criticizing President Theodore Roosevelt for failing to adequately support black troops in
455:, had been gone from Charleston for years. Unwilling to live in a slave society, they left the South and their family and became noted abolitionists and feminists, drawing on their first-hand knowledge of slavery's horrors. Together known as the
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servants after marrying. Later, he hired out both
Archibald and Francis due to their insubordination. After Francis rebelled, Montague Grimké sold him. Archibald ran away and hid for two years with relatives until after the end of the Civil War.
1276:
National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People., Miller, K., Thomas, N. H., Grimké, A. H., & National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. District of Columbia Branch. (n.d.).
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children. She and Sarah acknowledged the boys and their mother, Nancy Weston, as family and tried to provide them with better opportunities. They paid for their nephews' education: Archibald and Francis attended
556:. While he held this position, his daughter Angelina lived for years with his brother Francis and his wife Charlotte in Washington, D.C., where Francis was minister of the 15th Street Presbyterian Church.
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In the South, the situation for Blacks was deteriorating, and Archibald continued the struggle against racism, allying at times with other prominent leaders of the day. He had also become involved in
389:, both of which were founded by Du Bois. Men continued to struggle to find the best way to deal with racism and advance equal rights at a time when the lynching of black men in the South continued.
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In 1934, the Phelps Colored Vocational School was renamed Grimke Elementary School in his honor. The school was closed in 1989, and the building served as headquarters for the Washington D.C.
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The youngest brother, John Grimké, did not stay in school. He moved South and had little to no contact with his family for the rest of his life. He died in 1915 in New York City.
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black abolitionist family. She was also an abolitionist and a teacher and became known for her diaries, which were written mostly from 1854 to 1864. He headed the
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He fell ill in 1928. At the time, he and Angelina lived with his brother Francis, a widower. His daughter and brother cared for him until he died in 1930.
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from 1894 to 1898. He was an activist for the rights of Black Americans, working in Boston and Washington, D.C. He was a national vice-president of the
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880:
A eulogy on Wendell Phillips : Delivered in Tremont Temple, Boston, April 9, 1884. Together with the proceedings incident thereto, letters, etc
268:, and his wife had opened. The Pillsburys recognized Archibald's and Francis' talents and raised support to send them to the North. They studied at
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338:(the South still had a primarily agricultural economy). He believed there needed to be academic and higher education opportunities like he had.
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in Pennsylvania, established for the education of blacks. Their professors had found them extraordinary students, and both Archibald and
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189:, intellectual, journalist, diplomat and community leader in the 19th and early 20th centuries. He graduated from freedmen's schools,
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311:. Believing that the Republicans were not doing enough, he left the party in 1886. In 1889, he joined the staff of the
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and John. Henry was a member of a prominent, sizeable family of enslavers in Charleston. His father and relatives were
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1297:"Grimke, On Sunday, March 21, at New York city, John Weston Grimke, brother of Archibald H. and Francis J. Grimke."
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practiced in the United States, could help freedmen who left agriculture to achieve independence and true freedom.
353:, which at the time was a gathering of men opposed to Booker T. Washington's views. For a time, he was allied with
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459:, they were active as writers and speakers in Northern abolitionist circles, having joined the Quakers and the
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Fifth annual report of the trustees of the Westborough Insane Hospital, for the year ending September 30, 1889
790:
467:, the three lived and worked for years in New Jersey. They operated a school together. In 1864, they moved to
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Grimké led the public protest in Washington, D.C., against the segregation of federal offices under President
276:
graduated from Lincoln in 1870. A Lincoln catalog of 1871 lists Archibald as "Instructor of English grammar".
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and Corrections Departments until 2012, when the main building was left vacant. The gymnasium has housed the
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After graduating from school, Angelina became a teacher and writer. Her essays and poetry were published by
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1034:
Lift Up Thy Voice. The Sarah and Angelica Grimké Family's Journey from Slaveholders to Civil Rights leaders
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Despite earlier conflict with Washington and his followers, in 1905, Grimké started writing for
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In February 1868, Angelina Grimké Weld read an article in which Edwin Bower, a professor at
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and became a minister. The Grimkés introduced the young men to their abolitionist circles.
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King, Wilma. "Within the Professional Household: Slave Children in the Antebellum South."
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Lift Up Thy Voice:: The Grimké Family's Journey From Slaveholders to Civil Rights Leaders
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Lift up Thy Voice: The Grimké Family's Journey from Slaveholders to Civil Rights Leaders
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Lift up Thy Voice: The Grimké Family's Journey from Slaveholders to Civil Rights Leaders
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1013:(26): 44–47 – via Women and social movements in the United States, 1600-2000.
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them nor told the rest of his family of their existence. Archibald's brothers were
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Thomas, Rhondda R; Ashton, Susanna, eds. (2014). "Archibald Grimké (1849-1930)".
577:, in response to a call by the NAACP for works to protest the controversial film
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583:. It is one of the first plays by an African American considered part of the
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By the time Henry began his relationship with Weston, his two half-sisters,
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Continuing his interest in intellectual work, he served as president of the
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2004:
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775:"The Meaning and Need of the Movement to Reduce Southern Representation"
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Nancy Weston (enslaved mixed-race woman whose father was white) (mother)
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871:"Open letter to President McKinley by colored people of Massachusetts"
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The shame of America : or, The Negro's case against the Republic
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357:, but Grimké continued to make his own way between the two groups.
345:, a newspaper where they could express their views. They selected
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After becoming a widower, Henry moved with Weston to a plantation,
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Starr, William W. "Bio of black activist restores his prestige,"
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264:'s school, which Gilbert Pillsbury, the brother of abolitionist
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185:(August 17, 1849 – February 25, 1930) was an African-American
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Grimké was born into slavery on his father's plantation near
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in Washington, DC, for over 40 years. Francis died in 1939.
334:
about emphasizing industrial and agricultural education for
1261:"Modern Industrialism and the Negroes of the United States"
859:"Modern Industrialism and the Negroes of the United States"
659:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
510:
and became an ordained Presbyterian minister. He married
203:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
1063:"The Free Negro and the South Carolina Courts, 1790-1860"
744:
Modern industrialism and the Negroes of the United States
209:), as well as president of its Washington, D.C. chapter.
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725:"Abraham Lincoln and the Fruitage of his Proclamation"
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woman from the Midwest. In 1880, they had a daughter,
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The South Carolina Roots of African American Thought
1180:. University of South Carolina-Aiken. Archived from
908:
249:
family," but Montague never provided well for them.
1175:
533:After getting established with his law practice in
673:. Occasional Papers, No. 18-19. Washington, D.C.:
1403:Archibald Grimke: Portrait of a Black Independent
2390:
781:. Occasional Papers, No. 11. Washington, D.C.:
747:. Occasional Papers, No. 12. Washington, D.C.:
634:. Occasional papers, no. 21. Washington, D.C.:
715:. Occasional Papers No. 14. Washington, D.C.:
701:. Occasional Papers No. 16. Washington, D.C.:
698:The Ballotless Victim of One-Party Governments
687:. Occasional Papers No. 17. Washington, D.C.:
370:, where they were accused of starting a riot.
221:, in 1849. He was the eldest of three sons of
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963:The Democratic Party and the Negro: 1868-1892
810:Right on the Scaffold, or The Martyrs of 1822
1344:
1245:. November 23, 1889. p. 16 – via
712:Charles Sumner Centenary. Historical address
552:In 1894, Grimké was appointed consul to the
491:, respectively, for law. Francis shifted to
349:as editor. Grimké and Trotter organized the
341:In 1901, with several other men, he started
625:Pamphlets and articles (most recent first)
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1098:
1096:
1003:"Biological Sketch of Archibald H. Grimké"
893:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
537:, Grimké met and married Sarah Stanley, a
351:Boston Literary and Historical Association
31:
1208:. Press of H.L. Brinton. 1871. p. 7.
1176:Botsch, Carol Sears (February 18, 1997).
1171:
284:Archibald Grimké lived and worked in the
2449:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni
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1122:(December 2, 2001) Accessed: May 5, 2012
959:
616:William Lloyd Garrison, the abolitionist
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309:Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Association
260:ended, the three Grimké boys attended a
237:active in political and social circles.
16:American lawyer and diplomat (1849–1930)
2504:20th-century African-American academics
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1024:
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667:"The Sex Question and Race Segregation"
606:Charles Sumner, the scholar in politics
303:had supported, and addressed it in the
197:, and served as American Consul to the
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1205:Annual catalogue of Lincoln University
1067:The South Carolina Historical Magazine
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1000:
863:Report of the Hampton Negro Conference
619:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 1891.
609:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 1892.
431:
416:for his life work for racial equality.
2409:20th-century African-American lawyers
1463:
1373:
1306:
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1028:
1001:Grimké, Angelina W. (February 1925).
684:The Ultimate Criminal. Annual address
594:
381:In 1907, he became involved with the
1138:, vol. 59, no. 3, 1997, pp. 523–40.
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779:The Negro and the Elective Franchise
671:Papers of the American Negro Academy
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1339:Further reading (most recent first)
13:
1436:Works by or about Archibald Grimké
1357:University of South Carolina Press
324:National Council of Colored People
307:. He was elected president of the
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425:African American Civil War Museum
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1407:Louisiana State University Press
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769:: 29–32, 274–278, 606–610. 1906.
412:1919, the NAACP awarded him the
2509:20th-century American academics
2474:Academics from Washington, D.C.
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813:. Occasional Papers, No. 7. On
791:"Why Disenfranchisement Is Bad"
757:"The Heart of the Race Problem"
520:15th Street Presbyterian Church
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960:Grossman, Lawrence K. (1976).
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569:. In 1916, she wrote the play
508:Princeton Theological Seminary
493:Princeton Theological Seminary
1:
2489:People from Hyde Park, Boston
2484:Academics from South Carolina
2459:Washington, D.C., Republicans
2414:20th-century American lawyers
1291:"Died: Grimke, John Weston".
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591:work by an African American.
461:American Anti-Slavery Society
2494:19th-century American slaves
2479:Academics from Massachusetts
2424:African-American journalists
1295:. March 25, 1915. p. 7.
968:University of Illinois Press
966:. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
7:
1529:William Stanley Braithwaite
1451:(public domain audiobooks)
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498:
297:Westborough Insane Hospital
10:
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2464:African-American diplomats
1061:Senese, Donald J. (1967).
846:Howard's American Magazine
737:(2): 51–53. February 1909.
471:, a new community outside
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219:Charleston, South Carolina
54:Charleston, South Carolina
2454:Massachusetts Republicans
2444:Harvard Law School alumni
2429:American male journalists
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1445:Works by Archibald Grimké
1427:Works by Archibald Grimké
1259:Grimké, Archibald Henry.
853:(8): 352–358. March 1900.
463:. After Angelina married
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2499:Literate American slaves
2169:A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.
1785:Charles Hamilton Houston
1569:George Washington Carver
1353:Columbia, South Carolina
469:Hyde Park, Massachusetts
213:Early life and education
147:Henry W. Grimké (father)
1401:Bruce, Dickson D., Jr.
1145:. Accessed 6 Dec. 2022.
865:. 1899. pp. 46–51.
326:, a predecessor to the
2225:Constance Baker Motley
2105:Frederick D. Patterson
1841:Martin Luther King Jr.
1769:Channing Heggie Tobias
1657:William T. B. Williams
1633:Richard Berry Harrison
1617:Mordecai Wyatt Johnson
1265:American Negro Academy
831:: CS1 maint: others (
819:American Negro Academy
783:American Negro Academy
749:American Negro Academy
717:American Negro Academy
703:American Negro Academy
689:American Negro Academy
675:American Negro Academy
636:American Negro Academy
549:by poisoning in 1898.
375:American Negro Academy
347:William Monroe Trotter
183:Archibald Henry Grimké
2185:Myrlie Evers-Williams
1941:Clarence Mitchell Jr.
1793:Mabel Keaton Staupers
1553:Charles Sidney Gilpin
1184:on September 27, 2007
580:The Birth of a Nation
535:Boston, Massachusetts
529:Marriage and children
506:did graduate work at
315:as a special writer.
193:in Pennsylvania, and
2289:Frankie Muse Freeman
2053:Benjamin Elijah Mays
1681:Walter Francis White
1585:James Weldon Johnson
1561:Mary Burnett Talbert
1416:(Aug. 22, 1993), 4F.
933:United States portal
543:Angelina Weld Grimké
332:Booker T. Washington
166:Angelina Grimké Weld
162:Francis James Grimké
135:Angelina Weld Grimké
1817:Theodore K. Lawless
1665:Mary McLeod Bethune
1609:Charles W. Chesnutt
1505:Ernest Everett Just
1405:, Baton Rouge, La:
1241:Cincinnati Enquirer
1236:"Items on the Wing"
1108:Diedrich, Maria I.
803:: 72–81. July 1904.
730:American Missionary
514:, of the prominent
432:Marriage and family
385:and later with the
174:Thomas Smith Grimké
164:, John (siblings);
2469:American diplomats
2329:Nathaniel R. Jones
2193:Earl G. Graves Sr.
2161:John Hope Franklin
1761:Percy Lavon Julian
1721:A. Philip Randolph
1641:Robert Russa Moton
1359:. pp. 86–92.
1263:, Washington, DC:
1243:(Cincinnati, Ohio)
1178:"Archibald Grimke"
1119:The New York Times
595:Published writings
585:Harlem Renaissance
573:, which addressed
554:Dominican Republic
485:Harvard University
480:Lincoln University
368:Brownsville, Texas
320:Frederick Douglass
270:Lincoln University
258:American Civil War
199:Dominican Republic
195:Harvard Law School
191:Lincoln University
170:Sarah Moore Grimké
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2369:Cato T. Laurencin
1753:Thurgood Marshall
1729:William H. Hastie
1593:Carter G. Woodson
1431:Project Gutenberg
841:"Abraham Lincoln"
504:Francis J. Grimké
489:Howard University
407:Honors and awards
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65:February 25, 1930
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2257:John Conyers
2153:Maya Angelou
2129:Colin Powell
2097:Percy Sutton
2068:
2025:Andrew Young
2016:
1988:
1973:Wilson Riles
1965:Gordon Parks
1893:Medgar Evers
1777:Ralph Bunche
1745:Paul Robeson
1688:
1577:Roland Hayes
1536:
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1385:Viking Press
1383:. New York:
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1316:. New York:
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1293:Evening Star
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1182:the original
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118:(until 1884)
112:affiliations
105:(from 1884)
67:(1930-02-25)
18:
2404:1930 deaths
2399:1849 births
2377:Jim Clyburn
2273:Julian Bond
2241:Oliver Hill
2077:Tom Bradley
2005:Alvin Ailey
1981:Damon Keith
1901:Roy Wilkins
1849:Daisy Bates
1375:Perry, Mark
1308:Perry, Mark
1030:Perry, Mark
1007:Opportunity
427:since 2010.
2393:Categories
2249:Ben Carson
2217:John Lewis
2177:Carl Rowan
2081:Bill Cosby
2061:Lena Horne
2029:Rosa Parks
2009:Alex Haley
1997:Hank Aaron
1649:Max Yergan
1047:0142001031
947:References
642:January 9,
562:The Crisis
441:See also:
256:After the
116:Republican
103:Democratic
93:journalist
46:1849-08-17
1673:John Hope
1414:The State
1110:"Review:
1079:0038-3082
889:cite book
827:cite book
762:The Arena
301:his aunts
286:Hyde Park
242:Cane Acre
158:Relatives
2361:no award
2337:no award
2265:Ruby Dee
2069:no award
2017:no award
1989:no award
1851:and the
1689:no award
1449:LibriVox
1377:(2001).
1310:(2001).
1087:27566828
1032:(2001).
983:June 19,
905:See also
575:lynching
499:Brothers
453:Angelina
336:freedmen
262:freedmen
235:planters
131:Children
89:diplomat
85:attorney
1493:winners
1438:at the
1409:, 1993.
1267:, 1908.
1224:. 1890.
821:. 1901.
785:. 1905.
751:. 1908.
719:. 1911.
705:. 1913.
691:. 1915.
677:. 1916.
661:. 1919.
589:lesbian
565:of the
547:suicide
274:Francis
246:Francis
231:Francis
141:Parents
2375:2022:
2367:2021:
2359:2020:
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1503:1915:
1391:
1363:
1324:
1085:
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1044:
974:
638:. 1924
600:Books
571:Rachel
473:Boston
280:Career
187:lawyer
123:Spouse
75:, U.S.
56:, U.S.
1140:JSTOR
1083:JSTOR
567:NAACP
539:white
449:Sarah
387:NAACP
328:NAACP
227:freed
207:NAACP
2079:and
2027:and
2007:and
1389:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1322:ISBN
1190:2008
1075:ISSN
1042:ISBN
985:2023
972:ISBN
895:link
833:link
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