1578:– an old Han dynasty designation – and made it a province of China. The provincial government, included an administrative office, a surveillance office and a regional military commissioner was established, with Lu Yi (d. 1409) as its military commissioner and Huang Zhong as vice-commissioner. Huang Fu was appointed as both provincial administrator and surveillance commissioner. The Ming seized the kingdom's grain reserves of 13,6 million piculs of rice. The province was further divided into fifteen prefectures, 41 subprefectures and 210 counties. By 1408, 472 military and civil offices had been established to govern over three million people and in excess of two million
1917:
Việt experienced the sustained influence of Neo-Confucian ideology, which not only included the traditional doctrines of filial piety but also demanded an "activist, state-oriented service" based on officials' absolute loyalty to the dynasty and on the moral superiority of the "civilized" over the "barbarian" as the Ming viewed the
Vietnamese as barbarians. Yongle brought Vietnamese students to the National Institution at the Ming capital and appointed more natives to the minor local offices in Jiaozhi. The Ming also destroyed or brought to the north many Vietnamese vernacular writing, historical and classic texts.
1522:
1963:, gold, pieces of art as well as craftsmen were transported to China. The Chinese had greatly encouraged the development and the use of gold and silver mines. But right after the silver and gold were extracted they impounded them and sent a fraction of these minerals to Beijing. They also imposed salt taxes, but a slightly heavier tax against those who produced salt in Annam. Yongle also repeatedly exacted from his newly conquered subjects such as local specialties as tropical green feathers, gold, paints, fans, silk fabrics, and a special sandalwood called the
1887:屢嘗諭爾凡安南所有一切書板文字。以至俚俗童蒙所習。如上大人丘乙已之類。片紙隻字及彼處自立碑刻。見者即便毀壞勿存 。今聞軍中所得文字不即令軍人焚毀。必檢視然後焚之。且軍人多不識字。若一一令其如此。必致傳遞遺失者多。爾今宜一如前敕。號令軍中但遇彼處所有一應文字即便焚毀。毋得存留。 "I have repeatedly told you all to burnt all Annamese books, including folklore and children books and the local stelae should be destroyed immediately upon sight. Recently I heard our soldiers hesitated and read those books before burning them. Most soldiers do not know how to read, so it will be a waste of our time. Now you have to strictly obey my previous command, and burn all local books upon sight without hesitation.
1328:
1505:
56:
1223:
387:
1582:(barbarians), and the number of offices peaked at about 1,000 in 1419. In major towns and cities throughout the occupied regions had moats and walls added, and troops alternated between defence and farming duties to provide their own food needs. The Ming occupying army of Jiaozhi consisted 87,000 regulars, scattered in 39 citadels and towns in Northern Vietnam, but clustered in the
1879:兵入。除釋道經板經文不燬。外一切書板文字以至俚俗童蒙所習。如上大人丘乙已之類。片紙隻字悉皆燬之。其境內中國 所立碑刻則存之。但是安南所立者悉壞之。一字不存。 "Once our army enters Annam, except Buddhist and Taoist text; all books and notes, including folklore and children book, should be burnt. The stelae erected by China should be protected carefully, while those erected by Annam, should be completely annihilated. Do not spare even one character."
1403:. They quickly defeated Hồ Quý Ly's army and occupied the country. Hồ Quý Ly and his son were captured on 16 June 1407, and were caged and brought as prisoners to the Yongle Emperor in Nanjing. After his initial campaign in Vietnam, Zhang Fu sent a letter urging the Chinese court to annex Đại Việt and rule it as a province of China:
1545:
of the Ming Empire officially recognized Lê Lợi as the king of Annam. In return, Lê Lợi sent diplomatic messages to the Ming imperial court, promising
Vietnam's loyalty as a nominate tributary state of China and cooperation. The Ming imperial court accepted this arrangement, much as they accepted the
1916:
In 1416, a large number of
Confucian school, Yin-yang schools and medical schools were established within the province. Examinations for local bureaucracy were formalised in 1411. Chinese mourning rites and mourning leave were instituted among the official of Jiaozhi in 1419. For the first time, Đại
1407:
Your servant Zhang Fu has reviewed the annals. Annan was once
Jiaozhou. In the Han and Tang it could only be loosely governed by China, and in the Song and Yuan it was again raided and humiliated. Exceed their rightful place, they are set in their evil ways of usurpation and revolt. Although we sent
1924:
issued royal edict in 1474 to forbid
Vietnamese from adopting foreign languages, hairstyles and clothes like the Laotians, Chams and the Ming Chinese, abolished the Ming forced customs. The Mongol, Cham, and Ming invasions of 13th-15th centuries destroyed many Vietnamese important sites, buildings,
1447:
The
Chinese army turned into an occupation force. Despite support from some sectors of Vietnamese society, ongoing local resistance forced the Ming to retreat. There were several revolts among the Vietnamese people against the Ming authorities, but they all proved unsuccessful. Among the people who
1518:
November 1426, Lê Lợi's 3,000 Vietnamese rebels achieved a surprise victory over the Ming army led by Wang Tong with about 30,000 Chinese soldiers were killed or captured in Tốt Động (32 km south of Hanoi). People in the Red River Delta welcomed and supported the Lam Son army where they came.
1540:
of the Ming dynasty decided to end the war in
Northern Vietnam. After this final victory, the Vietnamese repatriated 86,640 Ming prisoners to China and confiscated all their weapons. China would not again invade its southern neighbor for 360 years. Lê Lợi formally re-established Đại Việt as the
1512:
The Ming dynasty crushed Lê Lợi's rebellion at first but in 1425, the Ming
Emperor Zhu Zhanji expressed his opinion that it would be better to restore the Trần dynasty and return to the old tributary relationship as Ming rule in Vietnam was a net financial loss for the Ming and there were more
1517:
requested permission to resume command of Ming
Jiaozhi army to deal with the worsening situation there, the emperor refused. In 1426, Zhu Zhanji proclaimed a general amnesty and abolished all taxes in Giao Chi except for land taxes to be paid in rice, needed to supply Ming garrisons. In early
1950:
The Ming government began a harsh rule of both colonization and sinicization. In
October 1407, 7700 tradesmen and artisans from Đại Việt were sent to Beijing. The importance of goods and revenues to be derived from Đại Việt's formerly flourishing maritime trade was not ignored from the Ming
1911:
people of Annam venerate the law of the Buddha, but do not know to worship or sacrifice the spirits. We should establish altars for sacrifice to the spirits of the wind, clouds, thunder and rain... so that the people become familiar with the way to express gratitude to the spirits through
1951:
administration. In order to draw revenues from their new province, the Chinese established or revived commercial taxes offices, fishing tax offices, transport offices and salt tax offices. New gold-mining offices were established in 1408 to supervise the extraction and/or taxation of
1408:
troops to punish them, they alternatively rebel and come to allegiance. It is intolerable to heaven and earth, infuriating to humans and spirits... Several hundred kinds of tattoo-faced and shrike-tongued people have ascended to an earthly paradise. Several thousand of
1598:(1374—1446), the eldest son of Hồ Quý Ly, who was charged with manufacturing their superior muskets and explosive weapons. The Artillery Camp was thus built around these Vietnamese firearm specialists, who instructed Ming soldiers under the supervision of palace
1613:, but their efforts to assert control in the surrounding countryside were met with stiff resistance. A general popular dissatisfaction with the colonial arrangement seems clear. When the Ming entered the country, there were 5.2 million people according to
1970:
Through Yongle's reign, Jiaozhi was never able to provide enough rice to support the large occupation force of Chinese troops, with the consequence that the new province continued to be a drain on Chinese resources, rather than a source of revenue.
1945:
When the troops overcome Annam, enquire far and wide within the borders for knowledgeable and moral men, as well as those who have abilities which can used or skills which can be employed. Such person could, with due ceremony, all be sent to the
1501:, one of Vietnam's most celebrated heroes, is credited with rescuing the country from Ming domination in 1428. Born of a wealthy landowning family, he served as a senior scholar-official until the advent of the Ming, whom he refused to serve.
2594:
The Travels of Marco Polo: The Complete Yule-Cordier Edition : Including the Unabridged Third Edition (1903) of Henry Yule's Annotated Translation, as Revised by Henri Cordier, Together with Cordier's Later Volume of Notes and Addenda
1903:, unmarried boys and girls wearing short hair, and women wearing short skirts, in "order to change customs in conformity with the north." Cultural incorporation was pursued with the new Jiaozhi administration advising the Ming court:
1589:
Chinese armies had employed firearms before the fifteenth century, but they came to possess superior weapons from Annam during the Vietnamese campaigns of the early fifteenth century. They also captured one of the leading Vietnamese
1483:
and other prefecture capitals where Ming troops were stationed. In the meantime, anti-Chinese activists used the heroic deeds of their martyrs to support Vietnamese patriotism and keep up the struggle against their colonial masters.
1424:
Furthermore, Zhang Fu wrote that 1,100 members of the Vietnamese elite requested that they be absorbed and assimilated, again into the Chinese state. The Ming's ethnic Vietnamese collaborators included Mac Thuy whose grandfather was
1380:
of the Ming Empire issued an edict reprimanding the usurper and demanding the restoration of the Trần throne, a pretext for the annexation of Đại Việt. As the party crossed the border into
973:
1861:: 明实录) dated 15 August 1406 recorded an imperial order from Emperor Yongle that instructed for Vietnamese records such as maps and registers to be saved and preserved by the Chinese army:
1399:
departed from Guangxi and Yunnan respectively to launch an invasion of Đại Việt. On 19 November 1406, they captured the two capitals and other important cities in the
335:
310:
296:
55:
3347:
1373:, claiming to be a Trần prince. He notified the court of the treacherous events that had taken place and appealed to the court for the restoration of his throne.
1463:
After the defeat of the Trần-led revolts, between 1415 and 1424, leaders of the uprising included Buddhist monks inspired by Vietnamese nationalism emerged in
3330:
2879:——— (2014), "The "native office" system: A Chinese mechanism for southern territorial expansion over two millennia", in Wade, Geoff (ed.),
17:
3749:
3759:
3367:
1304:, lasted much longer and amounted to around 1000 years.) The fourth period of Chinese rule over Vietnam eventually ended with the establishment of the
3094:
2555:
Chan, Hok-lam (2008), "The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsiian-te reigns, 1399 - 1435", in Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John K. (eds.),
3729:
1617:, however, it was seemed as exaggeration by historians. By the end of Ming rule over Đại Việt in 1427, the population had declined to 1.9 million.
3774:
1412:
of fish and salt producing land have all entered the map. We have recovered our ancient territory and propagated Zhonghua's system of propriety."
1342:(north Vietnam) faced a series of troubles resulting in an ecological breakdown. This led to the rising of a radical intellectual and reformer,
3769:
3744:
3574:
2976:
1391:
some interests in the world empire, sent additional forces to punish Hồ Quý Ly. In November 1406, 215,000 Ming troops under skilled generals
1460:, a nephew. These revolts were short-lived and poorly planned but they helped lay some of the groundwork for Lê Lợi's war of independence.
1251:
3226:
1554:. The case of Vietnamese monarch Lê Lợi showed that it was possible to satisfy Chinese pride while maintaining political independence.
3379:
927:
3724:
1955:. The impositions on the indigenous populations must have been severe, through a 1411 announcement. Private exports of metal and
1433:. The Chinese then renamed the Vietnamese land to a Han-era name Jiaozhi and incorporated the former kingdom into their empire.
3525:
3432:
1173:
3420:
3268:
3029:
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2625:
2564:
2526:
2508:
904:
1883:
On the 21st day of the 5th lunar month of the following year, Emperor Yongle issued another order to Ming soldiers in Annam:
1875:(Chinese: 越嶠書, Vietnamese: Việt kiệu thư), on August 21, 1406, the Yongle Emperor issued an order to Ming soldiers in Annam:
3764:
3739:
3470:
3325:
1602:. The first record of firearm usage in Đại Việt was in 1390 when Vietnamese soldiers used cannons and killed the Cham king
1529:
By 1427, captured northern prisoners also furnished the rebels with siege techniques, primitive tanks, flying horse carts,
650:
115:
3140:
3034:
670:
630:
3437:
2666:
2582:
2545:
835:
2842:
Wang, Gungwu (1998), "Ming foreign relations: Southeast Asia", in Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John K. (eds.),
1536:(hui hui pao 回回砲), and possibly another artillery piece that the Chinese called a "thousand-ball thunder cannon". The
2969:
2888:
2851:
2813:
2689:
2602:
2489:
1178:
1158:
1044:
688:
2743:"Military Technology Transfers from Ming China and the Emergence of Northern Mainland Southeast Asia (c. 1390-1527)"
571:
3605:
1244:
2499:
Anderson, James A. (2020), "The Ming invasion of Vietnam, 1407-1427", in Kang, David C.; Haggard, Stephan (eds.),
3754:
3734:
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1114:
3069:
1985:
1289:
3120:
1995:
1854:
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1858:
1387:
Upon hearing the news, Yongle reportedly said "If we do not destroy them, what are armies for?". Yongle, who
621:
513:
3632:
3410:
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3248:
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1163:
1134:
864:
396:
3642:
3627:
3362:
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1237:
1203:
1188:
1183:
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854:
640:
366:
3453:
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2704:
1980:
1297:
707:
3211:
2701:
Strange Parallels: Volume 1, Integration on the Mainland: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830
1595:
108:
72:
3622:
3458:
3384:
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503:
1453:
1355:
1350:
before usurping the throne. After taking the throne, Hồ Quý Ly renamed the country from Đại Việt to
3685:
3564:
3463:
3150:
3064:
2782:
2681:
1457:
1362:
1198:
221:
3647:
1381:
580:
468:
3779:
3595:
3504:
3170:
3024:
2617:
1938:
1384:, Hồ's forces ambushed them and killed the Trần prince that the Ming convoy were escorting back.
1967:
that was used for building doors in the new palace and from whose bark a red dye was extracted.
3532:
3480:
3288:
3180:
2925:
1926:
1442:
1430:
1094:
948:
315:
235:
458:
3637:
3615:
3600:
3241:
3221:
3099:
3059:
3049:
2519:
New Perspectives on the History and Historiography of Southeast Asia: Continuing Explorations
1426:
1921:
797:
3668:
3236:
3135:
3014:
1941:
control and economic exploitation. Imperial orders dispatched in early 1407 required that:
1603:
807:
543:
8:
3518:
3357:
3300:
3253:
3185:
3039:
2577:. Introduction to Asian Civilizations (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press.
1609:
The Ming government enjoyed some support from the Vietnamese, at least in the capital of
1322:
1269:
478:
267:
98:
3089:
1990:
1493:
1339:
727:
660:
328:
249:
3130:
3084:
3044:
2770:
2762:
1521:
1277:
844:
817:
375:
3263:
1508:
Administrative division of Vietnam (Jiaozhi) under the Ming dynasty from 1407 to 1427.
997:
3342:
3079:
3019:
2884:
2865:
2847:
2828:
2809:
2790:
2774:
2727:
2708:
2685:
2662:
2640:
2621:
2598:
2578:
2560:
2541:
2522:
2504:
2485:
2324:
1892:
1449:
1124:
886:
603:
1891:
The Chinese colonists promoted Ming Confucian ideology, bureaucratic practices, and
1504:
523:
416:
3511:
3320:
3283:
3273:
3258:
3231:
3216:
3054:
2754:
1567:
1388:
1347:
1331:
1327:
1285:
1193:
937:
875:
747:
533:
60:
1871:
1343:
1104:
553:
3702:
3554:
3497:
3415:
3190:
3165:
2742:
1583:
1400:
787:
2678:
Nguyen Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
2501:
East Asia in the World: Twelve Events That Shaped the Modern International Order
1480:
717:
3678:
3673:
3549:
2921:
2654:
1551:
1542:
1537:
1464:
1377:
1351:
1293:
1227:
1208:
987:
757:
301:
159:
147:
134:
2758:
697:
3718:
3559:
3352:
3295:
1476:
959:
913:
2946:
1498:
1305:
777:
737:
593:
87:
3335:
2985:
1366:
1281:
1084:
1074:
76:
3394:
3590:
3125:
1468:
1015:
406:
2881:
Asian Expansions: The Historical Experiences of Polity Expansion in Asia
2766:
3569:
3425:
1849:
1614:
1533:
1288:(Giao Chỉ). The Ming established their rule in Vietnam following their
489:
437:
427:
2954:
3610:
448:
1956:
1776:
1758:
1514:
1417:
1396:
1392:
493:
386:
2433:
2936:
1591:
1575:
1370:
1064:
353:
2538:
Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia
1959:
products were banned in 1416. Valuable artifacts such as gems,
63:(northern Vietnam) when it was under Ming occupation (1407–1427)
2573:
Dutton, George; Werner, Jayne; Whitmore, John K., eds. (2012).
2051:
2049:
2047:
1900:
1599:
1571:
1563:
1530:
1346:(c. 1336 – 1408). In 1400, Hồ Quý Ly deposed and massacred the
1054:
1034:
1895:
study among the local Vietnamese people, forcing them to wear
3475:
1896:
1610:
1547:
1472:
1024:
2355:. Beijing: Emperor Gaozong of the Qing dynasty. p. 695.
2061:
2044:
2020:
3389:
2846:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 301–332,
2559:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 182–284,
2155:
1960:
1952:
2844:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 8, The Ming Dynasty
2557:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty
2503:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 87–100,
2376:
2862:
Southeast Asia in the Fifteenth Century: The China Factor
2445:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2722:
Lockhart, Bruce M.; Duiker, William J. (14 April 2010).
2167:
1513:
pressing concerns on the northern border. When in 1426,
1354:. In 1402, he abdicated the throne in favor of his son,
2254:
2359:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2232:
2230:
2203:
2179:
2116:
2073:
2614:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
2517:
Aung-Thwin, Michael Arthur; Hall, Kenneth R. (2011).
2421:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2388:
2305:
2143:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2032:
2008:
2572:
2439:
1334:(northern Vietnam) when it was under Ming occupation
2482:
A History of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 1400-1830
2480:Andaya, Barbara Watson; Andaya, Leonard Y. (2015).
2266:
2227:
2215:
2191:
2457:
2400:
2242:
2097:
2085:
2293:
1452:(revolted 1407–09), a young son of the late king
3716:
1920:After regained independence, Vietnamese monarch
1831:
1816:
1801:
1786:
1768:
1750:
1735:
1718:
1703:
1680:
1663:
1648:
1633:
37:
2634:
2055:
2026:
2721:
2516:
2067:
1557:
3575:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
2970:
1825:
1810:
1795:
1780:
1762:
1744:
1729:
1712:
1697:
1674:
1657:
1642:
1627:
1245:
2825:Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle
2479:
2161:
2637:Chinese History in Geographical Perspective
2591:
2382:
1673:Surveillance and prosecution commissioner (
1316:
27:1407–1427 period of Chinese rule in Vietnam
3750:States and territories established in 1407
2977:
2963:
2653:
2592:Cordier, Henri; Yule, Henry, eds. (1993).
2451:
1252:
1238:
54:
3760:15th-century disestablishments in Vietnam
2698:
2635:Kyong-McClain, Jeff; Du, Yongtao (2013).
2325:"明實錄太宗實錄 : 太宗文皇帝實錄卷五十七 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃"
2173:
1899:. The Ming forbade local customs such as
1338:In mid-late 14th century, the kingdom of
2883:, Taylor & Francis, pp. 69–91,
2535:
2498:
2287:
2260:
2125:
2079:
2038:
1520:
1503:
1436:
1326:
3730:15th-century disestablishments in China
2984:
2859:
2611:
2370:
2209:
2185:
2014:
1296:in 1406-1407. (The previous periods of
1284:China ruled Vietnam as the province of
14:
3775:15th-century establishments in Vietnam
3717:
3526:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty
2781:
2427:
2394:
2149:
2137:
2958:
2346:
2344:
3770:15th-century establishments in China
3745:Military history of the Ming dynasty
2878:
2841:
2822:
2803:
2554:
2463:
2415:
2275:
2248:
2236:
2221:
2197:
2110:
2091:
1937:Ming goals in Jiaozhi also included
1298:Chinese rule in the Vietnamese lands
1280:, from 1407 to 1427, during which
974:Provisional Revolutionary Government
585:
18:Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam
2740:
1487:
24:
2897:
2860:Wade, Geoff; Sun, Laichen (2010).
2827:. University of Washington Press.
2747:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
2675:
2440:Dutton, Werner & Whitmore 2012
2350:
2341:
2311:
2299:
1865:己未敕征討安南總兵官成國公朱能等曰師入安南下郡邑凡得文籍圖志皆勿毀。
25:
3791:
1620:
1266:Fourth Era of Northern Domination
34:Fourth Era of Northern Domination
1562:The Ming Chinese built up their
1221:
918:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
385:
333:
308:
294:
3161:Japanese missions to Ming China
2806:The Eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty
2575:Sources of Vietnamese Tradition
2317:
1925:artifacts, and archives of the
1842:
3725:1427 disestablishments in Asia
3035:Campaign against the Uriankhai
2864:. Hong Kong University Press.
2823:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2011).
2804:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (1996).
2789:. Cambridge University Press.
2540:. Cambridge University Press.
2484:. Cambridge University Press.
1826:
1811:
1796:
1781:
1763:
1745:
1730:
1713:
1698:
1675:
1658:
1643:
1628:
928:Provisional Central Government
13:
1:
3095:Campaigns against the Mongols
2001:
1574:changed the name of Annam to
1429:who was a direct ancestor of
3633:Covered jar with carp design
3249:Transition from Ming to Qing
2639:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1525:Lam Son uprising (1426-1428)
1045:Cát Tiên archaeological site
7:
3765:1407 establishments in Asia
3628:Ming presentation porcelain
3227:Japanese invasions of Korea
2787:A History of the Vietnamese
2536:Baldanza, Kathlene (2016).
2056:Kyong-McClain & Du 2013
2027:Kyong-McClain & Du 2013
1974:
1558:Military and administration
978:(Republic of South Vietnam)
10:
3796:
3490:Compilations and Documents
3121:Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns
2705:Cambridge University Press
2699:Lieberman, Victor (2003).
2473:
2068:Lockhart & Duiker 2010
1981:Vietnam under Chinese rule
1932:
1869:In addition, according to
1626:Provincial administrator (
1491:
1440:
1320:
1311:
708:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
3694:
3661:
3623:Chinese lacquerware table
3583:
3542:
3489:
3446:
3403:
3385:Embroidered Uniform Guard
3313:
3199:
3146:Prince of Anhua rebellion
3108:
3002:
2993:
2943:
2933:Fourth Chinese domination
2930:
2918:
2759:10.1017/S0022463403000456
2657:; Yian, Goh Geok (2016).
349:
273:
263:
259:
246:
232:
218:
214:
206:
202:
192:
182:
178:
170:
166:
153:
141:
128:
124:
114:
104:
94:
82:
68:
53:
48:
32:
3686:Great Ming Treasure Note
3565:Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
3348:Administrative divisions
3151:Prince of Ning rebellion
2682:Cornell University Press
2162:Andaya & Andaya 2015
1986:Ming conquest of Đại Ngu
1317:Ming conquest of Đại Ngu
1300:, collectively known as
641:Trung sisters' rebellion
171:Provincial administrator
3740:China–Vietnam relations
3505:The Hundred-word Eulogy
3171:Great Rites Controversy
3025:Ming conquest of Yunnan
2618:Oxford University Press
2597:. Courier Corporation.
2383:Cordier & Yule 1993
1696:Military commissioner (
1135:Principality of Hà Tiên
86:Đông Quan (present day
3755:Wars involving Vietnam
3735:15th-century conflicts
3543:Palaces and Mausoleums
3533:Ming Veritable Records
3181:Luso-Chinese agreement
2659:Ancient Southeast Asia
2452:Miksic & Yian 2016
1948:
1914:
1889:
1881:
1867:
1832:
1817:
1802:
1787:
1769:
1751:
1736:
1719:
1704:
1681:
1664:
1649:
1635:thừa tuyên bố chính sử
1634:
1526:
1509:
1422:
1335:
1273:
1016:Non-Vietnamese history
768:4th Chinese domination
671:3rd Chinese domination
651:2nd Chinese domination
631:1st Chinese domination
236:Trần princes's revolts
38:
3638:Yongning Temple Stele
3375:Imperial Commissioner
3100:Reign of Ren and Xuan
3060:Ming treasure voyages
3050:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
2741:Sun, Laichen (2003).
2724:The A to Z of Vietnam
2612:Kiernan, Ben (2019).
1943:
1905:
1897:Chinese-style clothes
1885:
1877:
1863:
1524:
1507:
1448:led rebellions were,
1437:Revolt of Trần royals
1405:
1330:
964:(Republic of Vietnam)
881:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
869:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
859:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
849:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
95:Common languages
3237:Sino-Dutch conflicts
3136:Rebellion of Cao Qin
3065:Ming–Turpan conflict
3015:Red Turban Rebellion
1821:) May 1426–June 1428
1728:Commanding officer (
1274:Bắc thuộc lần thứ tư
949:North–South division
798:Later Lê Restoration
504:Phùng Nguyên culture
39:Bắc thuộc lần thứ tư
3584:Society and Culture
3519:Yongle Encyclopedia
3358:Imperial Clan Court
3301:Kingdom of Tungning
3254:Jurchen unification
3186:Jiajing wokou raids
3075:Battle of Palembang
3040:Battle of Buir Lake
2726:. Scarecrow Press.
2655:Miksic, John Norman
1855:traditional Chinese
1174:Historical capitals
1095:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
442:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
421:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
3433:Military conquests
3279:Peasant rebellions
3156:Capture of Malacca
3131:Defense of Beijing
3045:Lin Kuan rebellion
2926:Later Trần dynasty
2314:, p. 159-160.
2140:, p. 180-183.
1859:simplified Chinese
1691:Chen Qia 1424–1426
1688:Huang Fu 1407–1424
1566:administration in
1527:
1510:
1443:Later Trần dynasty
1369:imperial court in
1336:
1278:Vietnamese history
1276:) was a period of
1228:Vietnam portal
845:French Cochinchina
463:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
316:Later Trần dynasty
248:• End of the
3712:
3711:
3421:Gunpowder weapons
3380:Grand coordinator
3343:Grand Secretariat
3309:
3308:
3203:(1572–1683)
3112:(1435–1572)
3080:Battle of Kherlen
3030:Ming–Mong Mao War
3020:Wu Mian rebellion
3006:(1368–1435)
2953:
2952:
2944:Succeeded by
2906:by Trần Trọng Kim
2871:978-9971-69-448-7
2834:978-0-295-80022-6
2796:978-0-521-87586-8
2733:978-1-4617-3192-4
2714:978-1-139-43762-2
2676:Li, Tana (2018).
2646:978-0-7391-7230-8
2627:978-0-190-05379-6
2566:978-0-521-24333-9
2528:978-1-136-81964-3
2510:978-1-108-47987-5
1893:Classical Chinese
1682:đề hình án sát sử
1546:vassal status of
1361:In October 1404,
1262:
1261:
1143:
1142:
1125:Sip Song Chau Tai
1006:
1005:
979:
965:
919:
895:
894:
887:Empire of Vietnam
826:
825:
679:
678:
612:
611:
581:Hồng Bàng dynasty
562:
561:
548:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
538:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
518:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
508:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
483:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
473:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
469:Quỳnh Văn culture
359:
358:
345:
344:
341:
340:
321:
320:
194:• 1424–1426
184:• 1407–1424
155:• 1425–1427
143:• 1424–1425
130:• 1407–1424
16:(Redirected from
3787:
3512:Huang-Ming Zuxun
3284:Jiashen Incident
3274:She-An Rebellion
3259:Seven Grievances
3232:Donglin movement
3217:Bozhou rebellion
3204:
3113:
3090:Lam Sơn uprising
3070:Ming–Đại Ngu War
3055:Jingnan campaign
3007:
3000:
2999:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2947:Later Lê dynasty
2919:Preceded by
2916:
2915:
2910:Viet Su Toan Thu
2904:Viet Nam Su Luoc
2893:
2875:
2856:
2838:
2819:
2800:
2778:
2737:
2718:
2695:
2672:
2650:
2631:
2608:
2588:
2569:
2551:
2532:
2513:
2495:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2357:
2356:
2351:Ji, Yun (1781).
2348:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2114:
2108:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
1996:Bình Ngô đại cáo
1991:Lam Sơn uprising
1847:An entry in the
1835:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1570:. In July 1407,
1568:Jiaozhi Province
1494:Lam Sơn uprising
1488:Lam Sơn uprising
1420:
1365:arrived at then
1254:
1247:
1240:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1021:
1020:
977:
963:
938:State of Vietnam
917:
910:
909:
876:French Indochina
841:
840:
778:Later Lê dynasty
738:Later Lý dynasty
728:Early Lê dynasty
694:
693:
661:Early Lý dynasty
627:
626:
587:
577:
576:
544:Sa Huỳnh culture
534:Dong Son culture
514:Đồng Đậu culture
402:
401:
389:
379:
361:
360:
337:
336:
329:Later Lê dynasty
325:
324:
312:
311:
298:
297:
291:
290:
275:
274:
250:Lam Sơn uprising
188:Huang Fu (first)
61:Jiaozhi Province
58:
41:
30:
29:
21:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:History of Ming
3690:
3657:
3579:
3555:Chaotian Palace
3538:
3498:History of Yuan
3485:
3442:
3399:
3305:
3205:
3202:
3195:
3191:Single whip law
3166:Ningbo incident
3141:Miao rebellions
3114:
3111:
3104:
3008:
3005:
2989:
2983:
2949:
2940:
2928:
2924:
2912:of Pham Van Son
2900:
2898:Further reading
2891:
2872:
2854:
2835:
2816:
2797:
2734:
2715:
2692:
2669:
2647:
2628:
2605:
2585:
2567:
2548:
2529:
2511:
2492:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2360:
2349:
2342:
2333:
2331:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1977:
1935:
1845:
1623:
1596:Hồ Nguyên Trừng
1584:Red River Delta
1560:
1496:
1490:
1458:Trần Quý Khoáng
1445:
1439:
1421:
1416:
1401:Red River Delta
1363:Trần Thiêm Bình
1325:
1319:
1314:
1258:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1018:
1008:
1007:
976:
962:
916:
907:
897:
896:
838:
828:
827:
808:Tây Sơn dynasty
691:
681:
680:
624:
614:
613:
574:
564:
563:
459:Bắc Sơn culture
399:
377:
370:
334:
309:
295:
252:
239:
225:
222:Military defeat
198:Chen Qia (last)
195:
185:
156:
144:
131:
64:
44:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3780:Yongle Emperor
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3679:Yongle Tongbao
3676:
3674:Hongwu Tongbao
3665:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3550:Forbidden City
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3438:Nine Garrisons
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3222:Ordos campaign
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3085:Ming–Kotte War
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3004:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2942:
2929:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2876:
2870:
2857:
2852:
2839:
2833:
2820:
2814:
2808:. SUNY Press.
2801:
2795:
2779:
2753:(3): 495–517.
2738:
2732:
2719:
2713:
2696:
2690:
2673:
2668:978-0415735544
2667:
2651:
2645:
2632:
2626:
2609:
2603:
2589:
2584:978-0231511100
2583:
2570:
2565:
2552:
2547:978-1316531310
2546:
2533:
2527:
2514:
2509:
2496:
2490:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2454:, p. 490.
2444:
2432:
2430:, p. 179.
2420:
2399:
2397:, p. 180.
2387:
2385:, p. 131.
2375:
2373:, p. 194.
2358:
2340:
2316:
2304:
2302:, p. 166.
2292:
2280:
2278:, p. 248.
2265:
2263:, p. 102.
2253:
2241:
2239:, p. 181.
2226:
2224:, p. 319.
2214:
2212:, p. 197.
2202:
2200:, p. 322.
2190:
2188:, p. 196.
2178:
2176:, p. 337.
2174:Lieberman 2003
2166:
2164:, p. 123.
2154:
2152:, p. 183.
2142:
2130:
2128:, p. 103.
2115:
2113:, p. 184.
2096:
2094:, p. 183.
2084:
2082:, p. 101.
2072:
2070:, p. 229.
2060:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2017:, p. 190.
2006:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1934:
1931:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1822:
1807:
1792:
1774:
1756:
1755:) Sep-Dec 1406
1737:tổng binh quân
1726:
1725:
1724:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1654:
1622:
1621:Ming governors
1619:
1559:
1556:
1552:Joseon dynasty
1543:Xuande Emperor
1538:Xuande Emperor
1492:Main article:
1489:
1486:
1454:Trần Nghệ Tông
1441:Main article:
1438:
1435:
1414:
1378:Yongle Emperor
1321:Main article:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1209:Indochina Wars
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:Jarai kingdoms
1111:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
988:Subsidy period
984:
983:
980:
970:
969:
966:
956:
955:
952:
944:
943:
940:
934:
933:
930:
924:
923:
920:
908:
903:
902:
899:
898:
893:
892:
889:
883:
882:
879:
871:
870:
867:
861:
860:
857:
851:
850:
847:
839:
834:
833:
830:
829:
824:
823:
820:
818:Nguyễn dynasty
814:
813:
810:
804:
803:
800:
794:
793:
790:
784:
783:
780:
774:
773:
770:
764:
763:
760:
754:
753:
750:
744:
743:
740:
734:
733:
730:
724:
723:
720:
714:
713:
710:
704:
703:
700:
692:
687:
686:
683:
682:
677:
676:
673:
667:
666:
663:
657:
656:
653:
647:
646:
643:
637:
636:
633:
625:
620:
619:
616:
615:
610:
609:
606:
600:
599:
596:
590:
589:
583:
575:
570:
569:
566:
565:
560:
559:
556:
550:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
524:Gò Mun culture
520:
519:
516:
510:
509:
506:
500:
499:
497:
485:
484:
481:
479:Đa Bút culture
475:
474:
471:
465:
464:
461:
455:
454:
452:
444:
443:
440:
434:
433:
431:
423:
422:
419:
417:Sơn Vi culture
413:
412:
410:
400:
395:
394:
391:
390:
382:
381:
372:
371:
364:
357:
356:
351:
347:
346:
343:
342:
339:
338:
331:
322:
319:
318:
313:
305:
304:
299:
287:
286:
281:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
247:
244:
243:
240:
233:
230:
229:
226:
219:
216:
215:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:Xuande Emperor
157:
154:
151:
150:
148:Hongxi Emperor
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:Yongle Emperor
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
84:
80:
79:
70:
66:
65:
59:
51:
50:
46:
45:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3792:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
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3728:
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3720:
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3693:
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3666:
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3654:
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3649:
3646:
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3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3560:Ming Xiaoling
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3521:
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3516:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
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3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:Vassal prince
3366:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:Eastern Depot
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3296:Southern Ming
3294:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2948:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2892:
2890:9781135043537
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2853:0-521-24333-5
2849:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2815:0-791-42687-4
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2783:Taylor, K. W.
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2691:9781501732577
2687:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:. Routledge.
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2604:9780486275871
2600:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:. Routledge.
2520:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2491:9780521889926
2487:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2466:, p. 72.
2465:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2442:, p. 87.
2441:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2418:, p. 71.
2417:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2347:
2345:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2290:, p. 65.
2289:
2288:Baldanza 2016
2284:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2262:
2261:Anderson 2020
2257:
2251:, p. 70.
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2126:Anderson 2020
2122:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2080:Anderson 2020
2076:
2069:
2064:
2058:, p. 58.
2057:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2041:, p. 98.
2040:
2039:Anderson 2020
2035:
2029:, p. 57.
2028:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1927:Postclassical
1923:
1922:Lê Thánh Tông
1918:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1834:
1823:
1819:
1808:
1804:
1793:
1789:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1727:
1721:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1705:đô chỉ huy sử
1695:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1672:
1666:
1655:
1651:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1434:
1432:
1431:Mạc Đăng Dung
1428:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1356:Hồ Hán Thương
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
991:
989:
986:
985:
981:
975:
972:
971:
967:
961:
960:South Vietnam
958:
957:
953:
951:
950:
946:
945:
941:
939:
936:
935:
931:
929:
926:
925:
921:
915:
914:North Vietnam
912:
911:
906:
901:
900:
890:
888:
885:
884:
880:
878:
877:
873:
872:
868:
866:
865:French Tonkin
863:
862:
858:
856:
853:
852:
848:
846:
843:
842:
837:
832:
831:
821:
819:
816:
815:
811:
809:
806:
805:
801:
799:
796:
795:
791:
789:
786:
785:
781:
779:
776:
775:
771:
769:
766:
765:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
749:
746:
745:
741:
739:
736:
735:
731:
729:
726:
725:
721:
719:
716:
715:
711:
709:
706:
705:
701:
699:
696:
695:
690:
685:
684:
674:
672:
669:
668:
664:
662:
659:
658:
654:
652:
649:
648:
644:
642:
639:
638:
634:
632:
629:
628:
623:
618:
617:
608:204 BC–111 BC
607:
605:
604:Triệu dynasty
602:
601:
598:257 BC–179 BC
597:
595:
592:
591:
584:
582:
579:
578:
573:
568:
567:
557:
555:
554:Óc Eo culture
552:
551:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
535:
532:
531:
527:
525:
522:
521:
517:
515:
512:
511:
507:
505:
502:
501:
498:
496:
495:
491:
487:
486:
482:
480:
477:
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470:
467:
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462:
460:
457:
456:
453:
451:
450:
446:
445:
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439:
436:
435:
432:
430:
429:
425:
424:
420:
418:
415:
414:
411:
409:
408:
404:
403:
398:
393:
392:
388:
384:
383:
380:
374:
373:
368:
363:
362:
355:
352:
350:Today part of
348:
332:
330:
327:
326:
323:
317:
314:
307:
306:
303:
300:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:
245:
241:
237:
231:
227:
223:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
191:
187:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
152:
149:
146:
140:
136:
133:
127:
123:
119:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
40:
31:
19:
3701:
3695:Other topics
3606:Four Masters
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3336:House of Zhu
3289:Shanhai Pass
3269:Great Plague
3212:Jianzhou war
2986:Ming dynasty
2931:
2909:
2903:
2880:
2861:
2843:
2824:
2805:
2786:
2750:
2746:
2723:
2700:
2677:
2658:
2636:
2613:
2593:
2574:
2556:
2537:
2518:
2500:
2481:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2423:
2390:
2378:
2371:Kiernan 2019
2352:
2332:. Retrieved
2328:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2283:
2256:
2244:
2217:
2210:Kiernan 2019
2205:
2193:
2186:Kiernan 2019
2181:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2034:
2022:
2015:Kiernan 2019
2010:
1969:
1964:
1949:
1944:
1936:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1848:
1846:
1843:Sinicization
1608:
1604:Chế Bồng Nga
1588:
1579:
1561:
1528:
1511:
1497:
1462:
1446:
1427:Mạc Đĩnh Chi
1423:
1409:
1406:
1386:
1375:
1360:
1337:
1301:
1282:Ming-dynasty
1265:
1263:
1085:Dali Kingdom
1075:Khmer Empire
1002:1986–present
947:
874:
855:French Annam
767:
748:Trần dynasty
718:Đinh dynasty
635:111 BC–40 AD
594:Thục dynasty
528:1,000–800 BC
488:
447:
426:
405:
284:Succeeded by
283:
278:
77:Ming dynasty
3648:Tai history
3331:Family tree
3242:Liaoluo Bay
3176:Renyin plot
3126:Tumu Crisis
2428:Taylor 2013
2395:Taylor 2013
2150:Taylor 2013
2138:Taylor 2013
1824:Liu Sheng (
1818:Vương Thông
1809:Wang Tong (
1806:) 1417–1422
1791:) 1408–1415
1773:) 1407–1417
1723:) 1407–1409
1668:) 1424–1426
1653:) 1407–1424
1323:Ming–Hồ War
1179:Immigration
1159:Agriculture
788:Mạc dynasty
698:Ngô dynasty
407:Paleolithic
397:Prehistoric
376:History of
279:Preceded by
238:suppressed
224:of Đại Ngu
3719:Categories
3616:Zhe School
3570:Ming tombs
3454:Inner Asia
3426:Shenjiying
3416:Great Wall
3314:Government
2941:1407–1427
2922:Hồ dynasty
2334:2020-07-30
2002:References
1912:sacrifice.
1872:Yueqiaoshu
1850:Ming Shilu
1833:Liễu Thăng
1770:Trương Phụ
1743:Zhu Neng (
1656:Chen Qia (
1650:Hoàng Phúc
1641:Huang Fu (
1615:Ming Shilu
1611:Thăng Long
1550:under the
1534:trebuchets
1465:Lạng Giang
1348:Trần house
1306:Lê dynasty
1294:Hồ dynasty
1270:Vietnamese
758:Hồ dynasty
558:(1–630 AD)
438:Hoabinhian
428:Mesolithic
302:Hồ dynasty
268:cash coins
109:Provincial
105:Government
99:Vietnamese
3611:Wu School
3596:Musicians
3459:Manchuria
3447:Frontiers
2775:162422482
2464:Wade 2014
2416:Wade 2014
2329:ctext.org
2276:Chan 2008
2249:Wade 2014
2237:Tsai 2011
2222:Wang 1998
2198:Wang 1998
2111:Tsai 2011
2092:Tsai 2011
1901:tattooing
1788:Mộc Thạnh
1665:Trần Hiệp
1594:experts,
1477:Ninh Kiều
1450:Trần Ngỗi
1389:inherited
1344:Hồ Quý Ly
1308:in 1428.
1302:Bắc thuộc
1164:Dynasties
1139:1707–1832
1129:1600–1954
1119:1100–1904
1109:1061–1432
1105:Ngưu Hống
1099:1042–1052
992:1975–1986
982:1969–1976
968:1955–1975
954:1954–1976
942:1949–1955
932:1948–1949
922:1945–1976
822:1802–1945
812:1778–1802
802:1533–1789
792:1527–1592
782:1428–1527
772:1407–1427
762:1400–1407
752:1225–1400
742:1009–1225
622:Dominated
494:Iron Ages
449:Neolithic
49:1407–1427
3662:Currency
3601:Painting
3411:Military
3404:Military
2785:(2013).
2767:20072535
1975:See also
1957:aromatic
1929:period.
1794:Li Bin (
1777:Mu Sheng
1759:Zhang Fu
1752:Chu Năng
1592:firearms
1564:colonial
1515:Zhang Fu
1481:Lạng Sơn
1418:Zhang Fu
1415:—
1397:Mu Sheng
1393:Zhang Fu
1382:Lạng Sơn
1340:Đại Việt
1290:conquest
1189:Monarchs
1184:Military
1152:By topic
1089:937–1253
1079:802–1431
1039:192–1832
905:Republic
836:Colonial
732:980–1009
689:Dynastic
367:a series
365:Part of
264:Currency
73:Province
3669:Coinage
3643:Economy
3471:Vietnam
3363:Princes
3321:Emperor
3109:Middle
2995:History
2937:Vietnam
2474:Sources
2312:Li 2018
2300:Li 2018
1933:Economy
1857:: 明實錄;
1720:Lã Nghị
1711:Lü Yi (
1600:eunuchs
1576:Jiaozhi
1469:Nghệ An
1371:Nanjing
1352:Đại Ngu
1332:Jiaozhi
1312:History
1292:of the
1286:Jiaozhi
1169:Economy
1069:738–902
1065:Nanzhao
1059:550–781
1049:300–800
998:Đổi Mới
722:968–980
712:965–968
702:939–965
675:602–938
665:544–602
588:–258 BC
586:2879 BC
572:Ancient
378:Vietnam
354:Vietnam
234:•
220:•
207:History
137:(first)
116:Emperor
83:Capital
75:of the
3591:Poetry
3481:Yunnan
3003:Early
2988:topics
2887:
2868:
2850:
2831:
2812:
2793:
2773:
2765:
2730:
2711:
2688:
2665:
2643:
2624:
2601:
2595:(1920)
2581:
2563:
2544:
2525:
2507:
2488:
1946:Court.
1836:) 1427
1803:Lý Bân
1586:area.
1572:Yongle
1531:Muslim
1499:Lê Lợi
1055:Chenla
1035:Champa
1029:68–627
655:43–544
490:Bronze
369:on the
210:
174:
162:(last)
120:
88:Hà Nội
69:Status
3653:Islam
3476:Wokou
3464:Tibet
3395:Fotou
3264:Sarhū
3200:Late
2771:S2CID
2763:JSTOR
1939:labor
1676:提刑按察使
1629:承宣布政使
1548:Korea
1473:Hanoi
1204:Women
1199:Naval
1194:Names
1025:Funan
645:40–43
43:北屬吝次四
3390:Tusi
3326:List
2885:ISBN
2866:ISBN
2848:ISBN
2829:ISBN
2810:ISBN
2791:ISBN
2728:ISBN
2709:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2663:ISBN
2641:ISBN
2622:ISBN
2599:ISBN
2579:ISBN
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