98:
322:
member of the
Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) who had been previously sent to Europe as the party's representative to an altogether different international conclave. Although Reinstein was granted status as a voting delegate at the congress, at no time did the SLP authorize him to act as its
259:
Owing to communications difficulties ensuing from the Allied blockade, few organizations outside of Soviet Russia heard of the convention call in sufficient time to send delegates. About two dozen special messengers were said to have been sent out with the news, but only three or four managed to
287:
As a result, the vast majority of those who sat as delegates to this founding congress of the
Communist International had no formal status with the parties which they claimed to represent and the delegates initially decided that the session would be a preparatory conference rather than a formal
271:
Transport difficulties forced a further postponement of the gathering, with the start date moved back two weeks to March 2, 1919. Despite this additional delay only two parties managed to credential delegates and to successfully get them to Moscow on time for the opening of the meeting. Two
408:
The delegates were, in general, younger than had been typical at previous international socialist gatherings. Of the 43 delegates for whom an age is known, 5 were in their 20s and 24 were in their 30s, with only the
American Boris Reinstein over the age of 50.
302:
Over the six days of the congress a total of 51 delegates were registered, representing 35 organizations in 22 countries. All political tendencies in the
Zimmerwald Left movement were represented at the gathering with the exception of the left wing of the
201:
On
January 21, 1919, a meeting of about a dozen communists living in Moscow determined to hold a formal gathering in that city, to begin February 15 – little more than 3 weeks hence. The formal convention call was composed by People's Commissar of War
310:
With regard to the
English-speaking world, no representative of the various parties and tendencies of Great Britain which were invited were in attendance at the founding congress. The only British representative present was
341:
The nationalities outside of Europe were surprisingly well represented at the founding congress, including a group of five voting delegates from the "United Group of the
Eastern Peoples of Russia," a voting delegate from
307:. Most of these delegates had already been residing in Soviet Russia, however, with only 9 of those attending the founding congress managing to break through the allied blockade of the country from abroad.
377:
The largest and most influential delegation, not surprisingly, was that of Soviet Russia. In addition to the five delegates assigned as representatives of the various "Eastern peoples" of the former
315:, a member of the British Socialist Party who had come to Soviet Russia on his own in 1918. Fineberg received only non-voting credentials as a representative of British Communists living in Russia.
178:
Lenin sought to invite only those organizations which stood for a break with the more conservative elements in their group and who stood for immediate socialist revolution and the establishment of a
131:
425:
in a small hall in the Courts of
Justice. The long, narrow hall was barely large enough for 100 people, with the delegates seated upon flimsy chairs at small tables spaced throughout the room.
159:(Comintern). The gathering, held from March 2 to 6, 1919, was attended by 51 representatives of more than two dozen countries from around Europe, North America, and Asia.
338:
There were no delegates in attendance in either a voting or consultative status from the
English-speaking countries of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, or South Africa.
175:. On December 24 a radio broadcast was made from Moscow calling upon the "communists of all countries" to "rally around the revolutionary Third International."
288:
foundation convention. This initial decision was later overturned by the assembled delegates and the Third, Communist
International was declared established.
17:
113:
297:
351:
171:
decided that the time was ripe for the convocation of a new international association of radical political parties to supplant the discredited
381:, six regular and two consultative delegates were in attendance, including such key figures of the Russian Communist Party as Lenin, Trotsky,
222:
260:
reach their destinations in time with the news. The call was published in the press, however, in Soviet Russia on January 24, 1919, and in
103:
328:
304:
253:
245:
332:
230:
182:
and a Soviet-style form of government. Lenin hoped for a gathering to be held beginning February 1, 1919, either openly in
323:
representative at the congress and his independent action was subsequently repudiated by the organization. Dutch engineer
439:
434:
168:
374:. In all these 13 delegates represented fully one-quarter of the 52 voting and non-voting delegates to the gathering.
218:
214:
237:
195:
512:(The First Congress of the Comintern, March 1919). Moscow: Partiinoe izdatel'stvo, 1933, cited in Riddell (ed.),
367:
249:
179:
359:
355:
241:
226:
737:
732:
727:
371:
343:
717:
676:
Founding the Communist International: Proceedings and Documents of the First Congress, March 1919.
722:
607:
Toward the United Front: Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International, 1922.
210:
156:
148:
683:
Theses, Resolutions and Manifestos of the First Four Congresses of the Third International.
172:
8:
712:
209:
Invited organizations from the English-speaking world included "the left forces in the
394:
319:
327:, at that time a resident of the United States, sat as a non-voting delegate of the
190:. Owing to political difficulties between Soviet Russia and the rather conservative
402:
390:
386:
191:
312:
281:
398:
378:
347:
198:
there, Berlin was quickly rejected as inhospitable for a foundation congress.
706:
382:
363:
324:
273:
229:
in Britain, "revolutionary forces in Irish workers organizations," and the
203:
277:
213:(in particular, representatives of the Maclean current)" (a reference to
187:
152:
225:, the Industrial Workers group in Britain, "revolutionary forces in the
236:
In addition to these, from the United States were invited the American
144:
418:
265:
261:
75:
422:
183:
85:
284:
of Austria – were arrested and briefly jailed in transit.
318:
From the United States there was only Boris Reinstein, a
685:
Introduction by Bertil Hessel. London: Ink Links, 1980.
206:
and listed invited political organizations by name.
331:as well as holding similar status on behalf of the
33:1st World Congress of the Communist International
704:
36:Первый конгресс Коммунистического интернационала
298:List of delegates of the 1st Comintern congress
155:delegates held in Moscow which established the
692:Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1964.
699:Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1972.
167:Late in December 1918, the leadership of the
695:Branko Lazitch and Milorad M. Drachkovitch,
654:
652:
650:
648:
621:
619:
617:
615:
231:Industrial Workers of the World in Australia
104:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
690:The Forming of the Communist International.
588:
586:
584:
582:
568:
566:
526:
524:
522:
489:
487:
244:(especially the current represented by the
141:1st Congress of the Communist International
473:
471:
469:
467:
223:Industrial Workers of the World in Britain
194:government of Germany and the eruption of
645:
632:
625:"List of Congress Delegates" in Riddell,
612:
681:Alix Holt and Barbara Holland (trans.),
609:Lieden, Netherlands: Brill, 2012; pg. 4.
579:
563:
519:
505:
503:
484:
417:The Founding Convention was held at the
510:Pervyi kongress Kominterna mart 1919 g.
464:
451:
346:, as well as non-voting delegates from
291:
14:
705:
329:Socialist Propaganda League of America
305:International Union of Socialist Youth
254:Workers International Industrial Union
27:1919 international gathering in Moscow
660:Founding the Communist International,
640:Founding the Communist International,
627:Founding the Communist International,
594:Founding the Communist International,
574:Founding the Communist International,
558:Founding the Communist International,
545:Founding the Communist International,
532:Founding the Communist International,
514:Founding the Communist International,
500:
495:Founding the Communist International,
479:Founding the Communist International,
459:Founding the Communist International,
412:
440:3rd World Congress of the Comintern
435:2nd World Congress of the Comintern
252:in America, and the SLP-affiliated
24:
697:Lenin and the Comintern: Volume 1.
668:
186:or, if necessary, secretly in the
162:
143:was an international gathering of
25:
18:Founding Congress of the Comintern
749:
678:New York: Pathfinder Press, 1987.
96:
599:
250:Industrial Workers of the World
180:dictatorship of the proletariat
550:
537:
219:British Socialist Labour Party
13:
1:
333:Dutch Social Democratic Group
445:
123:51 delegates from 35 parties
7:
428:
246:Socialist Propaganda League
10:
754:
295:
268:by the end of the month.
127:
119:
109:
91:
81:
71:
56:
41:
32:
272:prospective delegates –
242:American Socialist Party
35:
227:shop stewards' movement
211:British Socialist Party
169:Russian Communist Party
157:Communist International
149:revolutionary socialist
60:March 6, 1919
45:March 2, 1919
240:, "left forces of the
238:Socialist Labor Party
674:John Riddell (ed.),
605:John Riddell (ed.),
292:Delegate composition
173:Second International
413:Congress location
395:Georgii Chicherin
320:Buffalo, New York
192:social democratic
137:
136:
16:(Redirected from
745:
738:Events in Moscow
733:1919 conferences
728:1919 in politics
688:James W. Hulse,
663:
656:
643:
636:
630:
623:
610:
603:
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554:
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403:Valerian Osinsky
391:Nikolai Bukharin
387:Grigori Zinoviev
102:
100:
99:
67:
65:
52:
50:
30:
29:
21:
753:
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718:Marxist parties
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702:
671:
669:Further reading
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658:Riddell (ed.),
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637:
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572:Riddell (ed.),
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556:Riddell (ed.),
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543:Riddell (ed.),
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530:Riddell (ed.),
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520:
508:
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493:Riddell (ed.),
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485:
477:Riddell (ed.),
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457:Riddell (ed.),
456:
452:
448:
431:
415:
313:Joseph Fineberg
300:
294:
282:Karl Steinhardt
165:
163:Convention call
97:
95:
63:
61:
48:
46:
37:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
751:
741:
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723:1919 in Russia
720:
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499:
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399:V. V. Vorovsky
379:Russian empire
293:
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164:
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135:
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9:
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3:
2:
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383:Joseph Stalin
380:
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326:
325:S. J. Rutgers
321:
316:
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308:
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289:
285:
283:
279:
275:
274:Fritz Platten
269:
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59:
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40:
31:
19:
696:
689:
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675:
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531:
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478:
458:
453:
416:
407:
376:
340:
337:
317:
309:
301:
286:
270:
258:
235:
215:John Maclean
208:
204:Leon Trotsky
200:
177:
166:
140:
138:
120:Participants
114:2nd Congress
278:Switzerland
188:Netherlands
153:syndicalist
82:Location(s)
707:Categories
629:pp. 41–43.
560:pp. 13–14.
547:pp. 12–13.
360:Azerbaijan
296:See also:
128:Attendance
110:Next event
64:1919-03-06
49:1919-03-02
713:Comintern
638:Riddell,
592:Riddell,
446:Footnotes
352:Turkestan
196:civil war
145:communist
132:Delegates
516:pg. 320.
429:See also
248:)," the
662:pg. 19.
642:pg. 18.
596:pg. 16.
576:pg. 13.
534:pg. 12.
497:pg. 10.
419:Kremlin
356:Georgia
344:Armenia
266:Hungary
262:Austria
217:), the
92:Country
76:Kremlin
62: (
47: (
481:pg. 8.
461:pg. 7.
423:Moscow
401:, and
370:, and
364:Persia
348:Turkey
221:, the
184:Berlin
151:, and
101:
86:Moscow
42:Begins
372:Korea
368:China
72:Venue
280:and
264:and
139:The
57:Ends
421:in
276:of
709::
647:^
614:^
581:^
565:^
521:^
502:^
486:^
466:^
405:.
397:,
393:,
389:,
385:,
366:,
362:,
358:,
354:,
350:,
335:.
256:.
233:.
147:,
66:)
51:)
20:)
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