260:
shelter for troops and served as first aid station and supply dump. French artillery continued to shell the fort, turning the area into a pockmarked moonscape, traces of which are still visible. On 8 May 1916, an unattended cooking fire had detonated grenades and flamethrower fuel, which detonated an ammunition cache. Apparently some of the soldiers tried to heat coffee using flamethrower fuel, which proved to be too flammable and spread to shells which were without caution placed right next to such environments. A firestorm ripped through the fort, killing hundreds of soldiers instantly, including the 12th
Grenadiers regimental staff. Some of the 1,800 wounded and soot-blackened survivors attempting to escape from the inferno were mistaken for French colonial infantry and were fired upon by their comrades; 679 German soldiers perished in this fire. Their remains were gathered inside the fort at the time and placed into a casemate which was walled off. The site is underground, inside the fort and has long been an official German war grave. A commemorative plaque in German and a cross stand at the foot of the grave's sealing wall. The memorial is open to visitors.
264:
250:
158:
294:
306:
342:
183:. Douaumont was the largest and highest fort on the two concentric rings of forts protecting the city and thus the keystone to the city defenses. The German offensive was already four days old and progressing rapidly from the north when, on 24 February, it came within reach of Fort Douaumont. Fort Douaumont was still only manned by a maintenance crew of only 56 troops and a few gunners. The highest-ranked soldier in the fort was an NCO named Chenot. On 25 February, elements of the German 24th Brandenburg Regiment (
241:
example of the lack of judgment prevailing in the
General Staff at the time, under General Joffre. The French General Staff had decided in August 1915 to partially disarm all the Verdun forts, acting under the erroneous assumption that the forts could not resist the effects of modern heavy artillery. After its capture, Douaumont became an invulnerable shelter and operational base for German forces just behind their front line. The German soldiers at Verdun came to refer to the place as "Old Uncle Douaumont".
354:
366:
318:
166:
330:
214:
fort. Later, more columns of German troops under
Hauptmann Haupt and Oberleutnant von Brandis arrived. No shots were ever fired in the capture of Fort Douaumont. The only casualty was one of Kunze's men, who scraped a knee. Despite being the last officer to enter the fort, von Brandis was the one who dispatched the report on the capture of Douaumont to the German High Command. A few days later, the Prussian officer was telling
102:
224:, (Haupt received it later, too). Kunze, who broke in and locked up the garrison and Radtke, who took command during the fort's capture, received no award. It was not until the 1930s, after historians from the German Great War committee had time to review the capture of Fort Douaumont that credit was belatedly given. Kunze, now a member of the
210:) defending the moat were unoccupied. Kunze managed to climb inside one of them to open a door. Kunze's men refused to go inside the fortification, fearing an ambush. Armed only with a rifle, the Pioneer-Sergeant entered alone. He wandered around the empty tunnels until he found the artillery team, captured them and locked them up.
259:
The French Second Army made a first attempt to recapture the fort in late May 1916. They occupied the western end of the fort for 36 hours but were dislodged after suffering heavy losses, mostly from German artillery and trench mortars nearby. The
Germans stubbornly held onto the fort, as it provided
240:
Douaumont, the keystone of the system of forts that was to protect Verdun against a German invasion, had been given up without a fight. In the words of one French divisional commander, its loss would cost the French army 100,000 lives. Douaumont's easy fall was a disaster for the French and a glaring
148:
approved the reduction of the garrison at
Douaumont and at other Verdun forts. Douaumont was stripped of all its weaponry except for the two turreted guns that were too difficult to remove: a 155 mm and a 75 mm gun. The two "Casemates de Bourges" bunkers, one on each side of the fort, were
205:
which could have been swept by French machine-gun fire from the wall "casemates" or "coffres" had been left undefended. About 10 combat engineers from the
Brandenburg regiment, led by Pioneer-Sergeant Kunze, managed to approach the fort unopposed. Visibility was poor due to bad weather, and French
281:
named "Alsace" and "Lorraine", emplaced at
Baleycourt, south-west of Verdun. Douaumont had become untenable under their fire and was in the process of being evacuated when it was recaptured. Millions of smaller shells had been fired at the fort since its capture by the Germans to little avail and
213:
By now, another group from the
Brandenburg regiment, led by reserve-officer Lieutenant Radtke, was also entering the fort through its unoccupied defences. Radtke then made contact with Kunze's troops and organised them before they spread out, capturing a few more French defenders and securing the
143:
in 1914 had forced military planners to radically rethink the utility of fortification in war. The
Belgian forts had been quickly destroyed by German artillery and easily overrun. However, the Belgian forts were built with unreinforced concrete, with many layers that easily broke apart. In August
128:
rotating/retractable gun turret, four other 75 mm guns in flanking "Bourges
Casemates" that swept the intervals and several machine-gun turrets. Entry into the moat around the fort was interdicted by Hotchkiss anti-personnel revolving cannons located in wall casemates or "Coffres" present at
119:
was continually reinforced until 1913. It has a total surface area of 30,000 m (36,000 sq yd) and is approximately 400 m (440 yd) long, with two subterranean levels protected by a steel reinforced concrete roof 12 m (13 yd) thick resting on a sand cushion. These
72:
had easily taken several large Belgian forts out of action in August 1914. Fort Douaumont and other Verdun forts were judged ineffective and had been partly disarmed and left virtually undefended since 1915. On 25 February 1916, Fort Douaumont was entered and occupied without a fight by a small
120:
improvements had been completed by 1903. The entrance to the fort was at the rear. Two main tunnels ran eastâwest, one above the other, with barrack rooms and corridors to outlying parts of the fort branched off of the main tunnels. The fort was equipped with numerous armed posts, a
187:) approached Fort Douaumont from the north, as a reconnaissance or raiding party. Most of the French garrison had already gone to the lower levels of the fort to escape the incessant German shelling with large-calibre guns. A battery of super-heavy
4155:
3633:
3628:
20:
3553:
3499:
3623:
3618:
3504:
206:
machine gunners in the village of Douaumont thought the Germans were French colonial troops returning from a patrol. Kunze and his men reached the moat and found that the wall casemates (
3272:
3568:
3775:
2168:
73:
German raiding party comprising only 19 officers and 79 men, entering via an open window by the moat. The easy fall of Fort Douaumont, only three days after the beginning of the
4052:
3427:
2183:
4124:
2367:
4462:
3196:
3578:
3016:
218:
about its heroic seizure. No mention was made of the efforts of Lieutenant Radtke or Sergeant Kunze. Instead von Brandis became the "Hero of Douaumont" and was awarded the
4072:
3006:
3262:
4311:
3765:
4175:
273:
A French offensive involving three infantry divisions began on 24 October 1916, to recapture the fort. This took place on the same day and was carried out by the elite
3755:
3121:
277:(At that time designated the RĂ©giment d'infanterie coloniale du Maroc, R.I.C.M (Regiment of Colonial Infantry of Morocco)). Douaumont had been pounded for days by two
2265:
4265:
2802:
4406:
3709:
3031:
1902:
1726:
1066:
4622:
4384:
4200:
4170:
3684:
3613:
3156:
3091:
2837:
2344:
64:, since the 1890s. By 1915, the French General Staff had concluded that even the best-protected forts of Verdun could not withstand bombardments from the German
3161:
4448:
4326:
4255:
4240:
4230:
4205:
4190:
4180:
3959:
3875:
3760:
3573:
3563:
3548:
3543:
3442:
3221:
3216:
3191:
3181:
3151:
3057:
3036:
2372:
879:
4557:
3813:
3432:
4235:
4195:
3824:
3770:
3740:
3694:
3478:
3252:
3206:
2861:
2560:
2287:
1979:
937:
4440:
3987:
3904:
4347:
4210:
4165:
4027:
3972:
3967:
3880:
3699:
3608:
3603:
3447:
3308:
3236:
3201:
3186:
3080:
3001:
2667:
305:
3946:
4342:
4260:
4108:
4032:
3558:
3452:
2575:
2330:
4321:
3231:
4578:
4306:
4301:
4119:
4057:
4042:
3643:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3538:
3517:
3365:
3293:
3021:
2853:
2570:
2260:
2211:
2126:
3888:
3669:
149:
disarmed of their four 75s. The garrison was mostly middle-aged reservists, under the command of the city's military governor and not the field army.
4316:
4280:
4275:
4215:
4088:
4007:
3912:
3689:
3674:
3638:
3370:
3257:
3176:
3026:
2866:
2414:
4245:
3997:
3664:
3522:
3473:
3226:
3166:
3113:
392:
4637:
4220:
3648:
3267:
3171:
2255:
1613:
132:
With hindsight, Douaumont was much better prepared to withstand the heaviest bombardments than the Belgian forts that had been crushed by German
81:. It set the stage for the rest of a battle which lasted nine months, at enormous human cost. Douaumont was finally recaptured by three infantry
3992:
3704:
3679:
3483:
2871:
4389:
1044:
3598:
1106:
2795:
2315:
2245:
1884:
1096:
1007:
2339:
1230:
684:
274:
907:
629:
1237:
889:
32:
is north-east of Verdun at upper right. Limits of German advance as at 26 February and 6 September 1916 are black lines, the river
4627:
2788:
2565:
2497:
2335:
2322:
2279:
2188:
1914:
1716:
1623:
1525:
1283:
930:
4632:
2689:
2679:
2547:
2461:
2395:
2232:
2111:
1784:
803:
659:
600:
544:
497:
341:
201:
were unoccupied. Only a small gunnery team was manning the 155 mm gun turret, which was firing at distant targets. The
2636:
2056:
841:
2407:
1731:
1359:
864:
427:
2621:
624:
2606:
1896:
1298:
1056:
365:
278:
2481:
2175:
1991:
1263:
734:
585:
1661:
699:
90:
2732:
2537:
2517:
2304:
2240:
2063:
1932:
836:
756:
694:
293:
2812:
1397:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2512:
2206:
851:
826:
724:
2507:
2502:
2466:
2400:
2292:
2138:
1721:
1573:
1111:
1039:
970:
739:
709:
704:
3750:
2456:
2083:
2023:
1920:
1825:
1588:
1374:
1078:
917:
816:
387:
353:
215:
3394:
2694:
2131:
2116:
1974:
1926:
1691:
1242:
1116:
1029:
1024:
793:
781:
776:
106:
Aerial view early in 1916 before major destruction in the Battle of Verdun. North is approximately at top
1303:
2674:
2631:
1908:
1666:
1651:
1553:
1422:
990:
902:
859:
317:
78:
254:
Aerial view towards the end of 1916, showing trenches and shell craters. North is approximately at top
125:
4617:
2616:
2384:
1968:
1956:
1711:
1696:
1417:
1308:
1002:
980:
729:
719:
652:
329:
3303:
1563:
2591:
2078:
2068:
1997:
1950:
1938:
1878:
1686:
1681:
1603:
1012:
985:
689:
197:
The occupants had been without communication with the outside world for some time. The observation
176:
4067:
3714:
3422:
3417:
2662:
2654:
2596:
2356:
2051:
1814:
1641:
1636:
1568:
1427:
1412:
1407:
1387:
1268:
1145:
2780:
1608:
249:
2429:
2153:
2088:
1944:
1671:
1598:
1548:
1533:
1515:
1488:
1402:
1369:
1034:
995:
975:
786:
679:
121:
263:
4494:
3745:
3412:
3211:
2419:
2073:
1962:
1738:
1701:
1631:
1578:
1500:
1468:
1442:
1392:
1323:
1225:
1178:
962:
831:
714:
188:
157:
3277:
619:
467:
65:
4417:
4047:
2769:
2684:
1364:
1338:
1288:
645:
198:
86:
4515:
4037:
1313:
8:
4296:
4160:
3982:
3941:
2947:
2751:
1890:
1754:
1706:
1583:
1543:
1538:
1483:
1166:
1160:
1061:
82:
4480:
3437:
2704:
2942:
2711:
2626:
1985:
1849:
1831:
1796:
1760:
1593:
1558:
1510:
1495:
1382:
1333:
1172:
1131:
811:
4455:
4147:
4062:
4017:
3805:
3800:
3468:
3384:
3337:
3298:
3126:
2985:
2937:
2744:
2738:
2699:
2601:
2434:
2017:
1872:
1855:
1656:
1478:
1458:
1293:
1278:
1208:
1196:
897:
874:
821:
596:
581:
540:
518:
493:
402:
237:
while Lieutenant Radtke got an autographed portrait of former Crown Prince Wilhelm.
232:
220:
194:
howitzers was intermittently pounding the fort, damaging the 75 mm gun turret.
19:
4522:
4270:
4012:
4002:
3724:
3011:
2952:
1802:
1772:
1766:
1676:
1505:
1473:
1463:
1202:
1126:
1121:
1049:
869:
769:
407:
180:
74:
170:
Captain Hans-Joachim Haupt, Lieutenant-Colonel von Oven, Captain Cordt von Brandis
3402:
2611:
2451:
1790:
1343:
1318:
1017:
925:
764:
226:
45:
537:
Verdun: The Lost History of the Most Important Battle of World War I, 1914â1918.
4434:
4250:
4185:
3977:
2929:
2901:
2885:
2832:
2444:
2424:
2095:
1808:
1646:
1437:
1328:
1184:
1088:
1071:
556:
4611:
4593:
4580:
4498:
3719:
3407:
2555:
1843:
1837:
1273:
1190:
1101:
522:
145:
53:
165:
4225:
4022:
3509:
2005:
1432:
2980:
2216:
2121:
1819:
1247:
668:
311:
Memorial inside of the fort for German soldiers buried behind this wall.
56:
on the ring of 19 large defensive works which had protected the city of
93:
on 24 October 1916. This event brought closure to the battle in 1916.
3046:
2011:
1778:
397:
382:
112:
29:
16:
Historic fort outside Verdun, France, built in the late 19th century
4509:
2271:
279:
super heavy 400 mm (16 in) long-range French railway guns
69:
4540:
4469:
2810:
140:
557:"Historique du 77e Régiment d'Artillerie Lourde à Grande Portée"
101:
282:
tens of thousands of men had died in attempts to recapture it.
61:
57:
25:
637:
4547:
4487:
2439:
33:
202:
116:
3960:
Fortifications of Paris in the 19th and 20th centuries
111:
Construction work started in 1885 near the village of
115:, on some of the highest ground in the area and the
595:(Revised Edition), Pen and Sword Military, 2010,
36:, flowing to the north, is the blue line at left.
4609:
393:French villages destroyed in the First World War
1614:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
428:"German troops capture Fort Douaumont (Verdun)"
268:Recapture of Fort Douaumont on 24 October 1916.
4623:Buildings and structures in Meuse (department)
2796:
653:
517:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 116.
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
2104:
2803:
2789:
660:
646:
487:
161:Main communication passage, Fort Douaumont
139:howitzers in 1914. The German invasion of
438:
4156:Mur d'enceinte de Croix-Luizet Ă Gerland
1903:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
492:. London: Coronet Books. pp. 5â53.
262:
248:
230:, received a promotion and the order of
164:
156:
100:
18:
2280:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
371:Elevating mechanism of 155mm gun turret
4638:Friendly fire incidents of World War I
4610:
465:
4475:Taillefer, Ramonet et du Gros-Rocher
2784:
2233:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
1569:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
641:
580:, Librairie Académique Perrin, 1998,
512:
275:RĂ©giment d'infanterie-chars de marine
185:6 Infanterie-Division, III Armeekorps
179:began an offensive which started the
3594:Batterie de la CharriĂšre de Chailluz
2637:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
2566:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
1360:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
347:One of the hallways inside the fort
124:rotating/retractable gun turret, a
13:
3589:Batterie de la Fourche de Chailluz
1299:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
14:
4649:
3554:Batterie de la Ferme de l'HĂŽpital
607:
1662:Second Battle of the Piave River
1284:Russian invasion of East Prussia
364:
352:
340:
328:
316:
304:
292:
175:On 21 February 1916, the German
91:First Offensive Battle of Verdun
66:420 mm (16.5 in) Gamma guns
3569:Ouvrages de Pouilley-les-Vignes
2733:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
1933:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
667:
2556:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
2415:Deportations from East Prussia
2212:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
549:
529:
506:
481:
420:
52:) was the largest and highest
1:
4633:World War I museums in France
4053:Batterie du Ravin de Bouviers
3428:Magasin de secteur du Bosmont
2820:Fortified region of Dunkerque
2467:Ukrainian Canadian internment
570:
539:Penguin Group: 2013. p. 302.
4290:Fortified region of Grenoble
3532:Fortified region of Besançon
2917:Fortified region of Maubeuge
2622:SazonovâPalĂ©ologue Agreement
1921:Estonian War of Independence
1589:Southern Palestine offensive
578:Douaumont: Vérité et Légende
388:Zone rouge (First World War)
244:
7:
4461:Fort Neuf et Saint-Julien (
3849:Fortified region of La FĂšre
3395:Fortified region of Belfort
2576:USA against Austria-Hungary
1975:Turkish War of Independence
1927:Latvian War of Independence
1652:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
1243:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
376:
10:
4654:
4563:Cap Saint-Jacques (Saigon)
4486:Haut-Grognon et Surville (
4336:Fortified region of Toulon
4082:Fortifiications of Langres
3993:Redoute de la Butte-Pinson
3287:Fortified region of Ăpinal
2995:Fortified region of Verdun
2659:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
2207:1899â1923 cholera pandemic
1667:Second Battle of the Marne
1554:Second battle of the Aisne
1423:Second Battle of Champagne
1264:German invasion of Belgium
617:Les forts Séré de RiviÚres
285:
152:
96:
4532:
4398:
4377:
4335:
4312:Fort des Quatre Seigneurs
4289:
4146:
4134:Fortified region of Dijon
4133:
4081:
3958:
3898:Fortified region of Reims
3897:
3868:
3848:
3784:
3733:
3657:
3531:
3492:
3461:
3393:
3358:
3286:
3245:
3144:
3103:
2994:
2973:
2916:
2894:
2847:Fortified region of Lille
2846:
2819:
2765:
2724:
2645:
2584:
2546:
2490:
2479:
2440:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
2383:
2355:
2303:
2225:
2199:
2151:
2044:
2037:
1969:Irish War of Independence
1865:
1747:
1712:Armistice of Villa Giusti
1697:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
1622:
1524:
1451:
1352:
1309:First Battle of the Marne
1256:
1218:
1153:
1144:
1087:
961:
950:
916:
888:
850:
802:
755:
748:
675:
488:Durschmied, Erik (2003).
4533:Overseas colonial empire
3869:Fortified region of Laon
3785:Fortified region of Nice
3634:Fort de l'ouest des Buis
3579:Fort de ChĂątillon-le-Duc
3145:Fortified region of Toul
2592:Constantinople Agreement
1885:ArmenianâAzerbaijani War
1748:Co-belligerent conflicts
1717:Second Romanian campaign
1687:Third Transjordan attack
1398:GorliceâTarnĂłw offensive
1304:Battle of Grand Couronné
513:Horne, Alistair (1963).
413:
359:The entrance to the fort
68:. These new super-heavy
4628:Séré de RiviÚres system
4073:Batterie de Bois-d'Arcy
3825:Mont-Chauve d'Aspremont
3821:Mont-Chauve de Tourette
3609:Batterie de la CarriĂšre
3423:Fort des Hautes Perches
3418:Fort des Basses Perches
3378:Fort de ChĂąteau-Lambert
2813:Séré de RiviÚres system
2655:Modus vivendi of Acroma
2607:BulgariaâGermany treaty
1915:Greater Poland Uprising
1815:National Protection War
1692:MeuseâArgonne offensive
1642:German spring offensive
1637:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1413:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
1388:Second Battle of Artois
1269:Battle of the Frontiers
4493:Crozon, Landaoudec et
4176:Batterie des CarriĂšres
3629:Fort de l'est des Buis
3322:Fort de la Grande-Haye
2811:Fortifications in the
2680:Paris Peace Conference
2668:UkraineâCentral Powers
2462:Massacres of Albanians
2430:Late Ottoman genocides
2237:Bulgarian occupations
1945:Third Anglo-Afghan War
1909:HungarianâRomanian War
1727:Naval Victory Bulletin
1722:Armistice with Germany
1672:Hundred Days Offensive
1599:Battle of La Malmaison
1549:Second battle of Arras
1516:Battle of Transylvania
1370:Second Battle of Ypres
1238:Sarajevo assassination
1127:South African Republic
466:Duchesneau, Robert E.
335:A room inside the fort
270:
256:
172:
162:
108:
49:
38:
4468:Locqueltas et Talud (
4201:Magasin de Saint-Fons
4171:Batterie du Mont-Thou
3734:Briançon and Tournoux
3614:Redoute de Montfaucon
3351:Ouvrage de Deyvillers
3273:Pagny-la-Blanche-CĂŽte
2690:Treaty of St. Germain
2663:RussiaâCentral Powers
2617:SykesâPicot Agreement
2445:Pontic Greek genocide
2420:Destruction of Kalisz
2396:Eastern Mediterranean
1957:PolishâLithuanian War
1739:Armistice of Belgrade
1702:Armistice of Salonica
1632:Operation Faustschlag
1579:Third Battle of Oituz
1501:Baranovichi offensive
1469:Lake Naroch offensive
1443:Battle of Robat Karim
1418:VistulaâBug offensive
1393:Battles of the Isonzo
1324:First Battle of Ypres
632:Verdun â Somme â 1916
591:Holstein, Christina,
468:"The Forts of Verdun"
266:
252:
168:
160:
104:
22:
4594:49.21694°N 5.43833°E
4327:Fort du Saint-Eynard
4266:Fort de CĂŽte-Lorette
4256:Fort de Champvillard
4241:Fort de Saint-Priest
4231:Batterie de Lessivas
4206:Batterie de Sermenaz
4191:Batterie de Sathonay
4181:Batterie de la Freta
4068:Fort du Trou-d'Enfer
4048:Batterie de Bouviers
3619:Batterie des Ăpesses
3574:Batterie du Calvaire
3564:Fort des Montboucons
3544:Batterie du Rosemont
3443:Fort du Mont Vaudois
3348:Batterie des Friches
2685:Treaty of Versailles
2401:Mount Lebanon famine
2316:in the United States
2284:Russian occupations
1998:TurkishâArmenian War
1939:PolishâUkrainian War
1879:UkrainianâSoviet War
1826:Central Asian Revolt
1609:Armistice of FocÈani
1339:Battle of Sarikamish
1289:Battle of Tannenberg
685:Military engagements
620:le fort de Douaumont
323:Defenses at the fort
299:Defenses at the fort
216:Crown Prince Wilhelm
4590: /
4443:et Ville-Ăšs-Martin
4297:Fort de la Bastille
4236:Batterie de Parilly
4196:Magasin de Sathonay
4161:Fort du Mont Verdun
3983:Fort de Montmorency
3624:Batterie des Rattes
3479:Batterie des Roches
3345:Batterie de Sanchey
3342:Batteries du Thiéha
3304:Fort de Bois l'Abbé
3197:Est du Vieux-Canton
3137:Jouy-sous-les-CĂŽtes
2752:They shall not pass
2675:Treaty of Bucharest
2632:Treaty of Bucharest
2571:USA against Germany
2548:Declarations of war
2252:German occupations
2165:British casualties
2024:SovietâGeorgian War
1951:Egyptian Revolution
1891:Armeno-Georgian War
1755:Somaliland campaign
1707:Armistice of Mudros
1584:Battle of Caporetto
1574:Battle of MÄrÄÈeÈti
1544:Zimmermann telegram
1539:February Revolution
1484:Battle of the Somme
1408:Bug-Narew Offensive
1383:Battle of Gallipoli
1375:Sinking of the RMS
1167:Scramble for Africa
1161:Franco-Prussian War
817:Sinai and Palestine
4385:Serrat d'En Vaquer
4211:Redoutes de Neyron
4166:Batterie de Narcel
4028:Fort de Villeneuve
3973:Fort de Montlignon
3968:Fort de Cormeilles
3604:Fort de Montfaucon
3448:Ouvrage du Monceau
3413:Fort du Bois d'Oye
3325:Fort de Dogneville
3309:Fort de Girancourt
3268:Pont-Saint-Vincent
2712:Treaty of Lausanne
2627:Paris Economy Pact
2561:UK against Germany
2491:Entry into the war
2457:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
2176:Ottoman casualties
1986:Franco-Turkish War
1866:Post-War conflicts
1850:Russian Revolution
1832:Invasion of Darfur
1797:Kelantan rebellion
1785:Kurdish rebellions
1761:Mexican Revolution
1594:October Revolution
1559:Kerensky offensive
1534:Capture of Baghdad
1511:Monastir offensive
1496:Brusilov offensive
1334:Battle of Kolubara
1173:Russo-Japanese War
515:The Price of Glory
271:
257:
173:
163:
109:
39:
4599:49.21694; 5.43833
4573:
4572:
4566:RáșĄch CĂĄt (Saigon)
4520:
4507:
4478:
4446:
4432:
4426:
4415:
4352:
4261:Fort de Montcorin
4148:Ceintures de Lyon
4125:Pointe de Diamant
4063:Fort de Saint-Cyr
4038:Fort de ChĂątillon
4033:Fort de Palaiseau
4018:Fort de Champigny
3935:
3909:
3751:Croix-de-Bretagne
3559:Fort des Justices
3549:Ouvrage d'Au-Bois
3505:Larmont inférieur
3500:Larmont supérieur
3469:Fort du Mont Bart
3453:Ouvrage de Meroux
3433:RĂ©duit du Bosmont
3385:Fort de Giromagny
3338:Fort des Adelphes
3331:Fort de la Mouche
3328:Fort de la Voivre
3313:Fort de Longchamp
2778:
2777:
2761:
2760:
2745:The Golden Virgin
2739:Mutilated victory
2720:
2719:
2700:Treaty of Trianon
2695:Treaty of Neuilly
2602:Damascus Protocol
2475:
2474:
2435:Armenian genocide
2392:Allied blockades
2364:Belgian refugees
2147:
2146:
2057:Strategic bombing
2033:
2032:
2018:Franco-Syrian War
1992:Greco-Turkish War
1980:Anglo-Turkish War
1963:PolishâSoviet War
1897:German Revolution
1873:Russian Civil War
1856:Finnish Civil War
1682:Battle of Megiddo
1657:Battle of Goychay
1604:Battle of Cambrai
1564:Battle of MÄrÄÈti
1479:Battle of Jutland
1459:Erzurum offensive
1314:Siege of PrzemyĆl
1294:Siege of Tsingtao
1279:Battle of Galicia
1209:Second Balkan War
1197:Italo-Turkish War
1154:Pre-War conflicts
1140:
1139:
1030:Portuguese Empire
946:
945:
908:German New Guinea
890:Asian and Pacific
625:Douaumont ossuary
601:978-1-84884-345-5
545:978-0-451-41463-2
499:978-0-340-82520-4
403:Douaumont Ossuary
50:Fort de Douaumont
4645:
4618:Battle of Verdun
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4556:Route de Baria (
4518:
4505:
4476:
4444:
4430:
4424:
4413:
4350:
4307:Fort de Montavie
4302:Fort de Comboire
4271:Fort du Bruissin
4058:Fort du Haut-Buc
4043:Fort de Villeras
4013:Fort de Villiers
4003:Fort de Vaujours
3938:Nogent-l'Abbesse
3933:
3907:
3644:Batterie Rolland
3584:Fort de Chailluz
3539:Fort de Planoise
3438:Fort de VĂ©zelois
3381:Fort de Servance
3316:Fort de Razimont
3122:Camp-des-Romains
2805:
2798:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2705:Treaty of SĂšvres
2597:Treaty of London
2488:
2487:
2266:Northeast France
2197:
2196:
2169:Parliamentarians
2102:
2101:
2064:Chemical weapons
2042:
2041:
1803:Senussi campaign
1773:Muscat rebellion
1767:Maritz rebellion
1735:
1677:Vardar offensive
1506:Battle of Romani
1474:Battle of Asiago
1464:Battle of Verdun
1428:Kosovo offensive
1203:First Balkan War
1151:
1150:
1050:Russian Republic
959:
958:
753:
752:
695:Economic history
662:
655:
648:
639:
638:
630:GPS-Teamprojekt
615:
576:Denizot, Alain,
564:
563:
561:
553:
547:
533:
527:
526:
510:
504:
503:
485:
479:
478:
476:
474:
463:
436:
435:
424:
408:Battle of Verdun
368:
356:
344:
332:
320:
308:
296:
181:Battle of Verdun
135:
75:Battle of Verdun
4653:
4652:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4608:
4607:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4569:
4553:Bel-Air (Dakar)
4528:
4394:
4373:
4331:
4317:Fort du Bourcet
4285:
4281:Fort du Paillet
4276:Fort de Chapoly
4216:Fort de Meyzieu
4142:
4129:
4077:
4008:Fort de Chelles
3954:
3926:Witry-lĂšs-Reims
3920:Cran de Brimont
3893:
3864:
3844:
3841:CimetiĂšre-Russe
3794:Milles-Fourches
3780:
3729:
3653:
3639:Fort de Fontain
3527:
3488:
3457:
3403:Fort du Salbert
3389:
3371:Fort du Parmont
3354:
3334:Fort du Bambois
3282:
3241:
3140:
3099:
2990:
2969:
2912:
2890:
2842:
2815:
2809:
2779:
2774:
2757:
2716:
2648:
2641:
2612:Treaty of Darin
2580:
2542:
2498:Austria-Hungary
2484:
2471:
2452:Rape of Belgium
2379:
2351:
2299:
2293:Western Armenia
2288:Eastern Galicia
2221:
2195:
2159:
2158:Civilian impact
2157:
2143:
2100:
2029:
1861:
1791:Ovambo Uprising
1743:
1729:
1618:
1520:
1447:
1365:Battle of ĆomĆŒa
1348:
1344:Christmas truce
1319:Race to the Sea
1252:
1214:
1136:
1107:Austria-Hungary
1083:
1018:Empire of Japan
955:
953:
942:
926:U-boat campaign
912:
884:
846:
798:
744:
725:Popular culture
671:
666:
613:
610:
573:
568:
567:
559:
555:
554:
550:
534:
530:
511:
507:
500:
486:
482:
472:
470:
464:
439:
426:
425:
421:
416:
379:
372:
369:
360:
357:
348:
345:
336:
333:
324:
321:
312:
309:
300:
297:
288:
269:
255:
247:
227:Ordnungspolizei
171:
155:
133:
107:
99:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4651:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4561:
4554:
4551:
4544:
4539:Djebel KĂ©bir (
4536:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4513:
4502:
4491:
4484:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4438:
4427:
4421:
4410:
4402:
4400:
4399:Atlantic coast
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4345:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4322:Fort du Mûrier
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4251:Fort de Feyzin
4248:
4246:Fort de Corbas
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4186:Fort de Vancia
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3998:Fort de Stains
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3978:Fort de Domont
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3929:Vigie de Berru
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3766:Roche-la-Croix
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3474:Fort du Lomont
3471:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3319:Fort du Roulon
3317:
3314:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3299:Fort d'Uxegney
3296:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2934:Heron-Fontaine
2932:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2895:Lille-Maubeuge
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2872:Mons-en-BarĆul
2869:
2864:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2647:Peace treaties
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2533:United Kingdom
2530:
2525:
2523:Ottoman Empire
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2425:Sack of Dinant
2422:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2373:United Kingdom
2370:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2333:
2327:POW locations
2325:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2309:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2127:United Kingdom
2124:
2122:Ottoman Empire
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2096:Trench warfare
2093:
2092:
2091:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1812:
1809:Volta-Bani War
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:Zeebrugge Raid
1644:
1639:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1438:Battle of Loos
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1329:Black Sea raid
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1231:Historiography
1222:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1185:Bosnian Crisis
1182:
1179:Tangier Crisis
1176:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1112:Ottoman Empire
1109:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1089:Central Powers
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1072:British Empire
1067:United Kingdom
1064:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1045:Russian Empire
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1010:
1005:
1000:
999:
998:
988:
983:
978:
973:
967:
965:
963:Entente Powers
956:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
941:
940:
935:
934:
933:
931:North Atlantic
922:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
905:
900:
894:
892:
886:
885:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
854:
848:
847:
845:
844:
842:Central Arabia
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
808:
806:
804:Middle Eastern
800:
799:
797:
796:
791:
790:
789:
779:
774:
773:
772:
761:
759:
750:
746:
745:
743:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
705:Historiography
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
676:
673:
672:
665:
664:
657:
650:
642:
636:
635:
627:
622:
609:
608:External links
606:
605:
604:
593:Fort Douaumont
589:
572:
569:
566:
565:
548:
535:Mosier, John.
528:
505:
498:
480:
437:
418:
417:
415:
412:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
378:
375:
374:
373:
370:
363:
361:
358:
351:
349:
346:
339:
337:
334:
327:
325:
322:
315:
313:
310:
303:
301:
298:
291:
287:
284:
267:
253:
246:
243:
233:Pour le MĂ©rite
221:Pour le MĂ©rite
169:
154:
151:
144:1915, General
126:75 mm gun
105:
98:
95:
77:, shocked the
42:Fort Douaumont
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4650:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4606:
4603:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4221:Fort de Genas
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:Fort d'Ăcouen
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3951:Saint-Thierry
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:TĂȘte-de-Chien
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3649:Fort de Pugey
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:Saint-Antoine
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3408:Fort de Roppe
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Fort d'Arches
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:Upper Moselle
3357:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:Fort d'Arches
3292:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:Villey-le-Sec
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:Meuse heights
3102:
3095:
3093:
3092:Vacherauville
3090:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:Petite-Synthe
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2538:United States
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2139:United States
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2089:Convoy system
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:Naval warfare
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1844:Kaocen revolt
1842:
1839:
1838:Easter Rising
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Great Retreat
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:Battle of Cer
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:Agadir Crisis
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1079:United States
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:French Empire
994:
993:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
964:
960:
957:
949:
939:
938:Mediterranean
936:
932:
929:
928:
927:
924:
923:
921:
919:
918:Naval warfare
915:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
893:
891:
887:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
853:
849:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
805:
801:
795:
794:Italian Front
792:
788:
785:
784:
783:
782:Eastern Front
780:
778:
777:Western Front
775:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
762:
760:
758:
754:
751:
747:
741:
738:
736:
735:Puppet states
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
674:
670:
663:
658:
656:
651:
649:
644:
643:
640:
634:
633:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
612:
611:
603:(in English).
602:
598:
594:
590:
588:. (in French)
587:
586:2-262-01388-8
583:
579:
575:
574:
562:. p. 10.
558:
552:
546:
542:
538:
532:
524:
520:
516:
509:
501:
495:
491:
490:Unsung Heroes
484:
469:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
433:
429:
423:
419:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
367:
362:
355:
350:
343:
338:
331:
326:
319:
314:
307:
302:
295:
290:
289:
283:
280:
276:
265:
261:
251:
242:
238:
236:
234:
229:
228:
223:
222:
217:
211:
209:
204:
200:
195:
193:
192:
186:
182:
178:
167:
159:
150:
147:
146:Joseph Joffre
142:
138:
130:
129:each corner.
127:
123:
118:
114:
103:
94:
92:
89:, during the
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
35:
31:
27:
24:Forts around
21:
4575:
4546:Cap Manuel (
4355:Gros-Cerveau
4226:Fort de Bron
4023:Fort de Sucy
3876:La Malmaison
3484:Fort Lachaux
3375:Fort de Rupt
3192:Vieux-Canton
3152:Saint-Michel
3131:Saint-Agnant
3085:Bois-Bourrus
3068:Haudainville
3058:Moulainville
3041:
3007:Saint-Michel
2750:
2743:
2731:
2338: /
2270:
2105:Conscription
2069:Cryptography
2006:Iraqi Revolt
1433:Siege of Kut
1376:
954:participants
903:German Samoa
837:South Arabia
631:
616:
592:
577:
551:
536:
531:
514:
508:
489:
483:
471:. Retrieved
431:
422:
272:
258:
239:
231:
225:
219:
212:
207:
196:
190:
184:
174:
136:
131:
110:
41:
40:
4597: /
4454:Kernevest (
4429:Sablanceau
4425:(batteries)
4412:Saumonards
4370:Colle-Noire
4364:Croix-Faron
4105:Saint-Menge
3942:La Pompelle
3934:(batteries)
3885:Montbérault
3797:Pic-Charvet
3695:Montgilbert
3599:Fort Benoit
3518:Les Rousses
3493:Jura massif
3462:Belfort Gap
3253:Manonviller
3246:Charmes gap
3207:Gondreville
3032:Froideterre
2960:Cerfontaine
2948:La Salmagne
2862:Vert-Galant
2368:Netherlands
2345:Switzerland
2226:Occupations
2217:Spanish flu
1994:(1919â1922)
1988:(1918â1921)
1982:(1918â1923)
1971:(1919â1921)
1965:(1919â1921)
1959:(1919â1920)
1935:(1918â1920)
1929:(1918â1920)
1923:(1918â1920)
1905:(1918â1920)
1887:(1918â1920)
1881:(1917â1921)
1875:(1917â1921)
1822:(1916-1918)
1820:Arab Revolt
1811:(1915â1917)
1805:(1915â1917)
1793:(1914-1917)
1787:(1914â1917)
1781:(1914â1921)
1775:(1913â1920)
1763:(1910â1920)
1757:(1900â1920)
1730: [
1248:July Crisis
1169:(1880â1914)
832:Mesopotamia
710:Home fronts
669:World War I
614:(in French)
432:History.com
122:155 mm
87:Second Army
79:French Army
4612:Categories
4519:(batterie)
4506:(batterie)
4495:Toulbroc'h
4445:(batterie)
4431:(batterie)
4414:(batterie)
4378:Roussillon
4361:Mont-Caume
4351:(batterie)
4116:Montlandon
3881:Laniscourt
3838:Mont-Boron
3835:Cap-Ferrat
3776:Pelousette
3715:Télégraphe
3278:Bourlémont
3237:Domgermain
3134:Gironville
3071:La Falouse
3002:Belleville
2943:Bersillies
2882:Vendeville
2585:Agreements
2385:War crimes
2261:Luxembourg
2154:Casualties
1025:Montenegro
860:South West
740:Technology
730:Propaganda
720:Opposition
571:References
473:30 January
4585:5°26âČ18âłE
4582:49°13âČ1âłN
4481:Belle-Ăle
4477:(redoute)
4343:Six-Fours
4109:Dampierre
4096:Brévoines
3806:Mont-Agel
3801:Barbonnet
3222:Dommartin
3217:Chaudeney
3127:Liouville
3110:GĂ©nicourt
3081:Sartelles
3051:La Laufée
3042:Douaumont
3037:Thiaumont
2938:Les Sarts
2879:Enchemont
2838:Zuydcoote
2482:Diplomacy
2189:Olympians
2112:Australia
2079:Logistics
2012:Vlora War
1941:(1918â19)
1917:(1918â19)
1911:(1918â19)
1899:(1918â19)
1846:(1916â17)
1828:(1916â17)
1779:Zaian War
1769:(1914â15)
1489:first day
1377:Lusitania
1205:(1912â13)
1199:(1911â12)
1187:(1908â09)
1181:(1905â06)
1163:(1870â71)
952:Principal
812:Gallipoli
715:Memorials
700:Geography
690:Aftermath
523:779062916
398:Douaumont
383:Fort Vaux
245:Recapture
203:dry moats
113:Douaumont
83:divisions
70:howitzers
30:Douaumont
4523:Boulogne
4510:Le Havre
4463:Quiberon
4456:Morbihan
4405:Verdon (
4390:Cap-BĂ©ar
4358:Pipaudon
4120:Cognelot
4102:Marnotte
4093:Bonnelle
3908:(réduit)
3858:Vendeuil
3832:Colomars
3791:La Forca
3761:Viraysse
3756:Lausette
3746:Infernet
3725:Replaton
3685:Laitelet
3162:Ăcrouves
3118:Paroches
3065:Rozelier
3022:Tavannes
3012:Souville
2986:Ayvelles
2974:Oise gap
2966:Hautmont
2963:Bourdiau
2953:Boussois
2926:Feignies
2876:Sainghin
2770:Category
2357:Refugees
2323:Italians
2312:Germans
2272:Ober Ost
2052:Aviation
1146:Timeline
1117:Bulgaria
898:Tsingtao
875:Togoland
822:Caucasus
757:European
749:Theatres
377:See also
177:5th Army
4541:Bizerte
4470:Lorient
4407:Gironde
4113:Plesnoy
4089:Peigney
3947:Montbré
3913:Brimont
3771:Cuguret
3675:Villard
3258:Frouard
3202:Mordant
3187:Bouvron
3177:Trondes
3157:Justice
3027:Belrupt
3017:HĂŽpital
2923:Grévaux
2909:Curgies
2867:Bondues
2858:Lompret
2826:Mardyck
2508:Germany
2408:Germany
2336:Germany
2256:Belgium
2241:Albania
2200:Disease
2180:Sports
2132:Ireland
2045:Warfare
2038:Aspects
1226:Origins
1219:Prelude
1122:Senussi
1102:Germany
1097:Leaders
1035:Romania
976:Belgium
971:Leaders
870:Kamerun
852:African
787:Romania
765:Balkans
680:Outline
286:Gallery
208:coffres
199:cupolas
191:M-GerÀt
189:420 mm
153:Capture
141:Belgium
97:History
85:of the
4558:Saigon
4516:CrĂšche
4418:Oléron
4367:Coudon
4348:Peyras
3932:Berru
3923:Fresne
3917:Loivre
3905:Chenay
3829:BĂ©gude
3814:RevĂšre
3710:Platte
3700:Vulmix
3665:Lestal
3658:Savoie
3523:Risoux
3263:Ăperon
3232:Blénod
3227:Tillot
3182:Cloche
3167:Bruley
3114:Troyon
3096:Charny
3077:Regret
3062:Déramé
2981:Hirson
2930:Leveau
2906:Flines
2902:Maulde
2886:Seclin
2854:Englos
2528:Russia
2503:France
2331:Canada
2246:Serbia
2117:Canada
2074:Horses
2026:(1921)
2020:(1920)
2014:(1920)
2008:(1920)
2000:(1920)
1953:(1919)
1947:(1919)
1893:(1918)
1858:(1918)
1852:(1917)
1840:(1916)
1834:(1916)
1799:(1915)
1211:(1913)
1193:(1911)
1175:(1905)
1132:Darfur
1057:Serbia
1040:Russia
1003:Greece
991:France
981:Brazil
827:Persia
770:Serbia
599:
584:
543:
521:
496:
134:420 mm
62:France
58:Verdun
46:French
26:Verdun
4548:Dakar
4504:HĂšve
4499:Brest
4488:Groix
4449:Loire
4099:Buzon
3889:Condé
3861:Mayot
3818:DrĂȘte
3741:Olive
3720:Sapey
3690:Aiton
3670:Tamié
3172:Lucey
3088:Marre
3074:Dugny
2833:Dunes
2725:Other
2518:Japan
2513:Italy
2340:camps
2184:Rugby
1734:]
1013:Japan
1008:Italy
986:China
880:North
560:(PDF)
414:Notes
137:Gamma
34:Meuse
4423:Aix
3855:Liez
3705:Truc
3680:Mont
3510:Joux
3047:Vaux
2957:Rocq
2305:POWs
1624:1918
1526:1917
1452:1916
1353:1915
1257:1914
1062:Siam
865:East
597:ISBN
582:ISBN
541:ISBN
519:OCLC
494:ISBN
475:2013
117:fort
54:fort
4441:Ăve
3054:Eix
4614::
4435:RĂ©
1732:It
440:^
430:.
60:,
48::
28:.
4560:)
4550:)
4543:)
4525:)
4521:(
4512:)
4508:(
4501:)
4497:(
4490:)
4483:)
4479:(
4472:)
4465:)
4458:)
4451:)
4447:(
4437:)
4433:(
4420:)
4416:(
4409:)
2804:e
2797:t
2790:v
2156:/
661:e
654:t
647:v
525:.
502:.
477:.
434:.
235:,
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
