682:, high-explosive, and intermediate. The armour-piercing shell was designed to smash through concrete and metal armour, but was largely ineffective against reinforced concrete. High-explosive shells were fitted with two charges and could be set to have no delay, a short delay, or a long delay. If set to "no delay," then the shell burst on impact. If set to a delayed detonation, it could penetrate up to 12 m (39 ft) of earth. Finally, the intermediate, or "short shell," weighed half as much as the high-explosive shell and was fitted with a ballistic tip for range and accuracy. Shells for the 42 cm guns were generally 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long, weighed between 400 and 1,160 kg (880 and 2,560 lb), and were propelled via primer loaded into the gun with a brass casing. Siege artillery shells were produced in limited runs of varying quality. Beginning in early 1916, German siege guns began to suffer internal explosions due to faulty ammunition. As a result, crews were required to disembark from the gun before firing via a
766:
446:, Chief of the General Staff since 1 January 1906, sought a larger siege gun. In 1906, he instructed the APK to conduct further evaluation of the Beta-Gerät. The resulting study suggested a siege gun with a caliber as large as 45 cm (18 in), but the German Army opted for a 30.5 cm and a 42 cm gun. The former, the Beta-Gerät 09, had a greater range and accuracy than the Beta-Gerät, but was difficult to transport and could not penetrate fortress concrete. Only two were produced. Meanwhile, the 42 cm gun was designed in 1906 and its first model was delivered for testing in May 1909. After initial difficulties with penetration, the gun was accepted into the German Army in 1911 as the
671:
44:
800:, was sent to capture the city. The Corps arrived at Antwerp on 27 September, partially surrounding it and massing at its southern side. The next day, KMK Battery 2 opened bombardment against the Fort de Wavre-Sainte-Catherine, which was destroyed on 29 September by a magazine detonation caused by a 42 cm shell. KMK Battery 2 then shifted its fire to the
842:. Although the fortress was made of masonry, it survived because the artillery had no spotters to guide its fire and because of effective counter-battery fire from the fortress. After five days, the siege guns were withdrawn and the fort was besieged until August. On 8 August, KMK Batteries 1 and 4 fired on
915:, to silence their guns and prevent French units from rallying at them. However, despite heavy shelling by all thirteen 42 cm guns, the forts were only lightly damaged. At the same time, French counter-battery artillery and internal explosions plagued German siege guns; KMK Batteries 2 and 8 lost a
415:
to supervise development of a weapon that could break Franco-Belgian fortresses. Following a study that showed that a 30.5 cm (12.0 in) shell could penetrate modern fortresses, Krupp designed and built a 30.5 cm mortar, the Beta-Gerät. The Beta-Gerät was adopted into service in 1897 as
514:
was disassembled and moved by rail in seven portions that weighed between 20 and 25 metric tonnes. Emplacement required the clearing of all nearby vegetation and the digging of a rectangular 2.25 m (7.4 ft) pit and the spinning of a spur off the nearest permanent railway to the site. A
702:
guns were 1 (2 August 1914), 2 (2 August 1914), and 4 (October 1914). In April 1916, Batteries 1 and 2 were split to form additional batteries: 8, 9, and 11. When
Battery 8 had its guns destroyed by internal explosion in 1917, it was outfitted with two Beta-M-Gerät mortars, converted from the
347:
Beginning in the 1850s, advancements in artillery technology meant that modern artillery could fire from beyond the range of fortress guns. In response, military architects began placing forts in rings around cities or on a frontier to block approaching armies. New
850:. While slow, the bombardment was highly effective because of outdated masonry construction, and the Germans took four forts altogether on 16–17 August. The Russians evacuated from the city and fortress the next day. The last deployment of
811:, which surrendered on 2 October. Beginning on 7 October and lasting the next two days, Antwerp's defenders began withdrawing from the city, which then surrendered on 10 October. With the fall of Antwerp, KMK Battery 2 was attached to the
386:, by the 1880s the diameter of the German Army's most powerful gun, 21 cm (8.3 in), had become the standard thickness for fortress concrete. Moltke began requesting more powerful guns that same decade, which his successor,
428:. Further studies conducted by the APK in the mid-1890s showed that the Beta-Gerät could not penetrate the armor of modern Franco-Belgian forts, even with revised shells. Interest in an improved siege gun waned until the
458:
was ordered in 1910, followed by another in 1911, three more in 1912, and an additional five during World War I. In total, ten were manufactured, along with 18 additional barrels. The power but near-immobility of the
479:
was the largest and most powerful siege gun deployed by the
Imperial German Army. Fully assembled, it stood 4.25 m (13.9 ft) high and 13.5 m (44 ft) long. It was
400:
2919:
2914:
2929:
2300:
938:
In the last two years of the war, siege guns saw limited use and negligible effect on the
Western and Eastern fronts. In 1917, KMK Battery 8 were denuded of their
801:
901:
523:. Its usual rate of fire was one shell every seven minutes and eight shells in an hour. The fastest recorded rates of fire were 19 shells an hour for a single
750:
from 25–27 August 1914. During the 52-hour siege the battery had technical troubles and had to stop firing. KMK Battery 1 finally arrived at the then-ongoing
356:, which could penetrate earth to destroy masonry underground, made these forts themselves vulnerable to artillery. In response, the mid-19th century style of
266:
fielded by the
Imperial German Army, but due to its extreme weight was mostly immobile and could only be emplaced near permanent rail lines. As a result, the
740:
364:. Combining rings and fortified frontiers, France created a vast fortified zone on their border with Germany. Meanwhile, Belgium began construction of the
2838:
2650:
942:
guns by internal explosion and Allied counter-battery fire and was reequipped with an ineffective war-time iteration of the M-Gerät. Ahead of the
1024:
was removed from active service and returned to
Germany. Its post-war fate is unknown. Production of 42 cm shells was resumed to supply the
2787:
2293:
1780:
1687:
Weapons of the Third Reich: An
Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery, and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces, 1939–1945
2216:
1889:
958:
in July 1918. By the end of the year, the battery was one of five remaining siege gun batteries in the German Army and wielded a single
495:) from a rifled, 6.7 m (22 ft) long barrel for a maximum range of 14,000–14,200 m (45,900–46,600 ft). The gun had a
3153:
881:. The battle began on 21 February with an intense, nine-hour artillery barrage. The 42 cm guns were tasked with bombarding Forts
3148:
3051:
2286:
1670:
Deutsche
Artillerie 1934–1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliederung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz
1879:
2486:
2148:
2055:
976:
Three German siege guns survived to the end of World War I. Two were surrendered to the United States and the third, the final
1894:
1899:
1749:
1651:
1632:
1613:
1567:
1548:
1042:
247:
17:
765:
1836:
2163:
2158:
503:
of 43° to 75°, adjusted with a hand-turned wheel on the front of the gun and another on the gun carriage for finetuning.
336:
510:, ensuring that it could only be emplaced near permanent railways in a process that took 24 hours. For transport, the
405:
1713:
1694:
1590:
971:
793:
360:
was abandoned in favour of forts built with concrete and mostly underground, with guns mounted in armoured, rotating
2168:
1846:
1841:
2153:
1955:
1773:
2496:
2491:
382:
desired to break through Franco-Belgian fortifications. Although German artillery had been effective during the
3143:
2924:
2909:
1826:
443:
997:
2752:
2614:
2604:
2173:
1851:
379:
2542:
2537:
2506:
2640:
1884:
1766:
985:
831:
720:
420:
L/8, a cover name concealing its true purpose, making it
Germany's first large artillery piece to have a
395:
275:
271:
2532:
873:
KMK Batteries 1 and 4 were transferred back to the
Western Front in early 1916 and were assigned to the
3005:
2635:
2511:
2178:
2020:
1980:
1904:
1831:
365:
3158:
3010:
2985:
2980:
947:
863:
806:
777:
679:
2100:
1016:, which it shelled from February until exhausting its munitions on 13 June. It was also deployed at
996:
was put back into military service. In 1940, it was used to bombard the fortresses of Liège and the
3163:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2904:
2201:
2196:
2143:
2110:
874:
835:
812:
797:
732:
318:
289:, typically two guns to a battery. These batteries were deployed at various sieges and battles in
3091:
3030:
3025:
3020:
2727:
2665:
2645:
2501:
2415:
2267:
2188:
1935:
1821:
1811:
943:
906:
785:
425:
2675:
2630:
2465:
2035:
2030:
2025:
745:
500:
433:
198:
2939:
2120:
1037:
728:
464:
387:
294:
2858:
3066:
2670:
2660:
2655:
2594:
2589:
2563:
2558:
2075:
1798:
670:
437:
376:
306:
255:
2410:
2334:
1725:
Das Gerät der
Artillerie vor, in und nach dem Weltkrieg: Das Gerät der schweren Artillerie
988:, the gun was reassembled for use in the development of concrete-penetrating shells. When
463:
inspired further development by the APK, who addressed mobility in the development of the
61:
8:
3035:
2853:
2848:
2105:
1874:
924:
895:
858:. On 6 October 1915, KMK Batteries 1 and 4 opened fire on Serbian fortifications east of
816:
792:, had made attacks on the German flank on 24–25 August and 9 September. In response, the
383:
286:
855:
285:
howitzers were produced, mostly during World War I, and were assigned to a total of six
2833:
2747:
867:
847:
788:. The Belgian Army, which had retreated to the city on 20 August following the fall of
484:
429:
421:
2802:
2797:
2339:
2090:
2085:
2080:
43:
3015:
2828:
2450:
2206:
2005:
1950:
1869:
1816:
1745:
1742:
Die schwersten Steilfeuer-GeschĂĽtze, 1914-1945: Geheimwaffen "Dicke Berta" und "Karl"
1728:
1709:
1690:
1673:
1647:
1628:
1609:
1605:
1586:
1563:
1544:
1070:
759:
751:
302:
3061:
2742:
2425:
2278:
2211:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1009:
890:
878:
839:
770:
754:
in early September and joined the siege guns already present in obliterating Forts
488:
1758:
927:, and east to Romania. KMK Battery 4 remained at Verdun, while Battery 1 attacked
309:
and internal detonations caused by faulty ammunition reduced the number of extant
3122:
3117:
3101:
3096:
3076:
2944:
2868:
2823:
2818:
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2244:
2067:
2015:
1985:
1919:
1909:
1861:
1534:
1062:
932:
843:
492:
391:
298:
1627:. Illustrated by Adam Tooby and Andrea Ricciardi di Gaudesi. Osprey Publishing.
3081:
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2714:
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2221:
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357:
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3137:
3000:
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2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2405:
2400:
2374:
2369:
2364:
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2329:
2236:
2226:
1540:
951:
507:
372:
94:
71:
2863:
1732:
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2767:
2762:
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2707:
2701:
2609:
2573:
2516:
2455:
2310:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2010:
1945:
1940:
1803:
1677:
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516:
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332:
322:
112:
98:
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2420:
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108:
2721:
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2000:
1995:
1990:
1930:
1013:
496:
166:
556:
2249:
2095:
1017:
886:
824:
815:
to aid in its capture of the Channel ports, and occasionally shelled
576:
361:
327:
263:
232:
870:, but the fortress was undamaged when it surrendered on 11 October.
246:
s barrel diameter was 42 cm (17 in), making it one of the
2934:
2259:
1582:
859:
762:. On 7 September 1914, Maubeuge's remaining garrisons surrendered.
736:
572:
1384:
1321:
789:
411:(Artillery Test Commission, APK) formed a secret partnership with
1206:
1083:
683:
436:
used coastal mortars brought from Japan to end the 11-month long
290:
1644:
World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
980:, was disassembled and hidden from Allied inspectors in Krupp's
981:
912:
739:. As part of the 6th Army, it participated in the siege of the
1309:
923:. In July, siege batteries began to be withdrawn north to the
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1432:
1420:
1396:
1372:
1360:
1297:
1285:
1223:
1221:
1012:
until early 1942, when it was sent to bomb the fortresses of
955:
928:
820:
781:
780:
prevented the siege guns at Maubeuge from being sent against
724:
719:, all siege gun batteries were mobilised and assigned to the
568:
412:
236:
127:
1020:
in 1942, but did not fire a single shot there. In 1944, the
1602:
42cm "Big Bertha" and German Siege Artillery of World War I
1172:
1170:
1511:
1487:
1444:
1333:
1273:
1218:
1182:
1119:
313:
howitzers to a single gun by the end of World War I. This
1475:
1463:
519:
would then be used to assemble all seven portions of the
392:
plan to quickly defeat France by sweeping through Belgium
1350:
1348:
1263:
1261:
1167:
1143:
678:
German siege artillery had three types of projectiles:
254:
began development in 1906 and entered service with the
1408:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1345:
1258:
1194:
1131:
1107:
727:, but could not arrive in time to participate in the
2308:
1788:
1233:
1155:
830:On 27 February 1915, KMK Battery 1 arrived on the
3135:
866:, made the next day. Battery 1 briefly fired on
1685:Gander, Terry & Chamberlain, Peter (1979).
1579:Artillery: An Illustrated History of Its Impact
2294:
1774:
527:and 30 shells an hour for a two-gun battery.
375:also fortified its borders, but Chief of the
1622:
1599:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1481:
1469:
1457:
1438:
1426:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1227:
1212:
1188:
1176:
1149:
1125:
1668:Engelmann, Joachim & Scheibert, Horst.
984:facilities. In 1937, at the request of the
2301:
2287:
1781:
1767:
1625:World War II German Super-Heavy Siege Guns
1623:Romanych, Marc & Rupp, Martin (2020).
1600:Romanych, Marc & Rupp, Martin (2013).
1069:, "Coastal mortars," as they were used in
731:, while KMK Battery 1 was assigned to the
598:150 t (150 long tons; 170 short tons)
487:, and at full charge fired a shell at 452
784:, so they were sent back into Belgium to
2217:7.7 cm Leichte KraftwagengeschĂĽtze M1914
1890:24 cm schwere FlĂĽgelMinenWerfer Albrecht
1880:9.15 cm leichtes Minenwerfer System Lanz
764:
669:
470:
1532:
1161:
1137:
1113:
1028:and continued to as late as July 1944.
954:. It was moved to join the 1st Army at
919:each while KMK Battery 9 lost its only
653:30 t (30 long tons; 33 short tons)
634:45 t (44 long tons; 50 short tons)
617:47 t (46 long tons; 52 short tons)
14:
3136:
1641:
1576:
1414:
1354:
1267:
1200:
467:howitzer by pulling it with tractors.
2282:
1900:24 cm schwerer LadungsWerfer Ehrhardt
1762:
1043:List of the largest cannon by caliber
248:largest artillery pieces ever fielded
1704:Jäger, Herbert (14 September 2001).
1557:
1252:
946:, KMK Battery 4 was assigned to the
1895:24 cm schwere FlĂĽgelminenwerfer IKO
24:
1661:
758:, HĂ©ronfontaine, Cerfontaine, and
723:. KMK Battery 2 was sent north to
689:
25:
3175:
3154:World War II artillery of Germany
1837:7.62 cm InfanteriegeschĂĽtz L/16.5
1706:German Artillery of World War One
1604:. Illustrated by Henry Morshead.
1560:German Artillery of World War Two
944:final German offensive of the war
838:and joined the ongoing attack on
698:(KMK) batteries that formed with
531:"Gerät" siege artillery variants
270:had limited effectiveness on the
3149:World War I artillery of Germany
1008:was placed in storage after the
911:, the most modern fortresses at
485:horizontally-sliding breechblock
42:
1744:(in German). Motorbuch Verlag.
1536:Breaking the Fortress Line 1914
1076:
965:
862:to support the crossing of the
262:was the most powerful piece of
231:("Gamma Device"), was a German
2812:Superheavy and siege artillery
1847:7.7 cm InfanteriegeschĂĽtz L/27
1842:7.7 cm InfanteriegeschĂĽtz L/20
1827:7.5 cm Gebirgskanone L/13 C/80
1055:
710:
637:12,000 m (13,000 yd)
620:20,500 m (22,400 yd)
601:14,000 m (15,000 yd)
444:Helmuth von Moltke the Younger
342:
211:14,200 m (46,600 ft)
208:Maximum firing range
134:
13:
1:
1642:Tucker, Spencer, ed. (2014).
1526:
1508:, pp. 30, 34–35, 38, 43.
998:Fortified Sector of the Sarre
972:Siege of Sevastopol (1941–42)
665:
582:9,300 m (10,200 yd)
515:25-metric-tonne rail-mounted
3052:2 cm Flak 30/38/Flakvierling
2690:Field, medium and heavy guns
2615:38 cm schwerer Ladungswerfer
2164:24 cm SK L/40 "Theodor Karl"
2159:24 cm SK L/30 "Theodor Otto"
1852:10.5 cm Gebirgshaubitze L/12
1101:
656:8,200 m (9,000 yd)
401:ArtillerieprĂĽfungskommission
380:Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
172:6.7 m (22 ft) L/16
7:
2641:8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
1672:(in German). C. A. Starke.
1031:
614:30.5 cm (12.0 in)
10:
3180:
3006:15 cm TbtsK C/36 naval gun
2636:7.3 cm Propagandawerfer 41
2480:Infantry and mountain guns
2021:15 cm L/40 Feldkanone i.R.
1832:Ehrhardt 7.5 cm Model 1904
969:
180:4.25 m (13.9 ft)
153:150 t (150 long tons)
3110:
3044:
3011:20.3 cm SK C/34 naval gun
2986:12.7 cm SK C/34 naval gun
2981:10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun
2953:
2877:
2811:
2689:
2623:
2582:
2551:
2525:
2479:
2388:
2317:
2258:
2235:
2187:
2154:21 cm SK "Peter Adalbert"
2134:
2064:
1918:
1860:
1797:
1533:Donnell, Clayton (2013).
856:German invasion of Serbia
854:guns in the East was the
778:First Battle of the Marne
776:The German defeat at the
769:42cm shell crater at the
674:A 42cm projectile in 1918
642:
613:
584:
563:
207:
197:
192:
184:
176:
165:
157:
149:
144:
133:
123:
118:
104:
90:
82:
77:
68:Place of origin
67:
57:
41:
34:
2976:8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun
2971:8.8 cm SK C/32 naval gun
2966:8.8 cm SK C/30 naval gun
2961:8.8 cm SK L/45 naval gun
2202:3.7 cm SockelFlak L/14.5
2111:28 cm Haubitze L/14 i.R.
1727:. Bernard & Graefe.
1518:Romanych & Rupp 2020
1506:Romanych & Rupp 2020
1494:Romanych & Rupp 2020
1482:Romanych & Rupp 2020
1470:Romanych & Rupp 2020
1458:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1439:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1427:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1403:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1391:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1379:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1367:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1340:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1328:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1316:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1304:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1292:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1280:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1228:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1213:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1189:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1177:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1150:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1126:Romanych & Rupp 2013
1048:
551:Time to emplace (hours)
319:aftermath of World War I
188:420 mm (17 in)
161:13.5 m (44 ft)
3092:8.8 cm Flak 18/36/37/41
3031:38 cm SK C/34 naval gun
3026:28 cm SK C/34 naval gun
3021:28 cm SK C/28 naval gun
2646:8.8 cm Raketenwerfer 43
2268:5.7 cm Maxim-Nordenfelt
2189:Anti-aircraft artillery
2169:28 cm K L/40 "KurfĂĽrst"
1936:Krupp 7.5 cm Model 1903
1822:7.5 cm GebirgsKanone 13
1812:5.7 cm Maxim-Nordenfelt
1740:Taube, Gerhard (1981).
1082:According to Hogg, ten
1061:Comparable large-scale
564:42 cm (17 in)
454:. The first in-service
448:kurze Marinekanone L/12
321:and saw limited use in
2676:30 cm Raketenwerfer 56
2149:17 cm SK L/40 "Samuel"
2101:21 cm Versuchmörser 06
2036:15 cm Ring Kanone L/30
2031:15 cm Ring Kanone C/92
2026:15 cm Ring Kanone C/72
1393:, pp. 37, 39, 42.
1330:, pp. 26, 28, 31.
1086:were used to move the
992:began, this surviving
773:
675:
352:artillery shells with
27:German siege artillery
3144:World War I howitzers
2940:38 cm Siegfried K (E)
2197:3.7 cm Maxim Flak M14
2174:28 cm SK L/40 "Bruno"
1577:Kinard, Jeff (2007).
1558:Hogg, Ian V. (1997).
1215:, pp. 10–11, 15.
1038:Big Bertha (howitzer)
802:Fort de Koningshooikt
768:
673:
471:Design and production
388:Alfred von Schlieffen
3067:3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37
2309:German artillery of
2126:42 cm Gamma howitzer
2076:21 cm Haubitze M1891
2056:17 cm SK L/40 i.R.L.
1789:German artillery of
506:The gun weighed 150
465:M-Gerät "Big Bertha"
438:siege of Port Arthur
418:schwere Küstenmörser
390:, saw as key to his
307:counter-battery fire
256:Imperial German Army
3057:2 cm Gebirgsflak 38
3036:40.6 cm SK C/34 gun
2854:35.5 cm Haubitze M1
2179:38 cm SK L/45 "Max"
2106:28 cm Haubitze L/12
1723:Schirmer, Hermann.
1562:. Greenhill Books.
1000:, a portion of the
925:Battle of the Somme
741:Fort de Manonviller
532:
432:, during which the
384:Franco-Prussian War
287:artillery batteries
3111:Demolition charges
3045:Anti-aircraft guns
2945:80 cm K (E) Gustav
2878:Railroad artillery
2869:80 cm K (E) Gustav
2859:42 cm Gamma Mörser
2748:10.5 cm leFH 18/40
2136:Railroad artillery
1318:, pp. 25, 44.
935:in June and July.
868:Smederevo Fortress
848:XXXX Reserve Corps
774:
715:With the start of
696:kurze Marinekanone
676:
659:15 shells an hour
530:
483:, making use of a
430:Russo-Japanese War
337:besiege Sevastopol
221:kurze Marinekanone
119:Production history
18:42 cm Gamma Mörser
3131:
3130:
3016:28 cm SK L/40 gun
2839:24 cm Kanone L/46
2631:7.3 cm Föhn-Gerät
2451:7.62 cm Pak 36(r)
2416:4.7 cm Pak 181(f)
2276:
2275:
2207:7.62 cm FlaK L/30
2144:15 cm SK "Nathan"
2006:12 cm Kanone C/80
1951:7.7 cm FK 96 n.A.
1931:5.3 cm Fahrpanzer
1870:Granatenwerfer 16
1817:6 cm S-Bts K L/21
1751:978-3-87943-811-2
1708:. Crowood Press.
1653:978-1-85109-964-1
1634:978-1-47283-717-2
1615:978-1-78096-017-3
1606:Osprey Publishing
1569:978-1-85367-480-8
1550:978-1-47383-012-7
1441:, pp. 44–47.
1429:, pp. 43–44.
1405:, pp. 41–42.
1381:, pp. 36–37.
1369:, pp. 35–36.
1306:, pp. 22–23.
1294:, pp. 11–15.
1071:coastal artillery
877:for the upcoming
794:III Reserve Corps
752:siege of Maubeuge
663:
662:
640:12 shells an hour
489:metres per second
215:
214:
36:42cm Gamma-Gerät
16:(Redirected from
3171:
3159:420 mm artillery
3062:3 cm MK 303 Flak
2920:28 cm lgBr K (E)
2915:28 cm kzBr K (E)
2910:24 cm ThBr K (E)
2753:10.5 cm sK 18/40
2743:10.5 cm leFH 18M
2624:Rocket artillery
2426:7.5 cm Pak 97/38
2411:4.7 cm Pak 38(t)
2340:3.7 cm KwK 38(t)
2335:3,7 cm KwK 34(t)
2303:
2296:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2212:7.7 cm FlaK L/35
2121:42 cm Big Bertha
2116:38 cm Langer Max
1981:10.5 cm FH 98/09
1976:9 cm Kanone C/79
1971:9 cm Kanone C/73
1966:8 cm Kanone C/80
1961:8 cm Kanone C/73
1783:
1776:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1736:
1719:
1700:
1681:
1657:
1638:
1619:
1596:
1573:
1554:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1256:
1250:
1231:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1095:
1080:
1074:
1059:
910:
899:
879:Battle of Verdun
840:Osowiec Fortress
810:
771:Fort de Boussois
749:
585:8 shells an hour
533:
529:
409:
366:National Redoubt
354:time-delay fuzes
278:of World War I.
245:
136:
46:
37:
32:
31:
21:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3164:Siege artillery
3134:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3123:Stielgranate 42
3118:Stielgranate 41
3106:
3102:12.8 cm Flak 40
3097:10.5 cm Flak 38
3077:3.7 cm Flak M42
3040:
2954:Naval artillery
2949:
2930:28 cm Br NK (E)
2925:28 cm sBr K (E)
2873:
2807:
2738:10.5 cm leFH 18
2733:10.5 cm leFH 16
2697:7.5 cm FK 16 nA
2685:
2666:28/32 cm NbW 41
2619:
2578:
2547:
2526:Recoilless guns
2521:
2512:10.5 cm GebH 40
2475:
2384:
2313:
2307:
2277:
2272:
2254:
2245:3.7 cm TAK 1918
2231:
2183:
2130:
2096:21 cm Paris Gun
2091:21 cm Mörser 99
2086:21 cm Mörser 16
2081:21 cm Mörser 10
2068:siege artillery
2066:
2065:Superheavy and
2060:
2016:15 cm Kanone 16
1986:10.5 cm leFH 16
1923:
1914:
1910:Albrecht mortar
1856:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1752:
1739:
1722:
1716:
1703:
1697:
1684:
1667:
1664:
1662:Further reading
1654:
1635:
1616:
1593:
1570:
1551:
1529:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1464:
1456:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1417:, p. 1616.
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1234:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1203:, p. 1110.
1199:
1195:
1191:, pp. 6–8.
1187:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1140:, pp. 8–9.
1136:
1132:
1128:, pp. 5–6.
1124:
1120:
1116:, pp. 6–8.
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1081:
1077:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1034:
986:new German Army
974:
968:
933:Loos-en-Gohelle
904:
893:
846:to support the
844:Kaunas Fortress
804:
743:
713:
692:
690:Service history
680:armour-piercing
668:
473:
403:
394:. In 1893, the
345:
281:A total of ten
243:
193:
111:
97:
83:In service
78:Service history
62:Siege artillery
53:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:3.7 cm Flak 43
3079:
3074:
3072:3.7 cm SK C/30
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2905:24 cm Th K (E)
2902:
2900:21 cm K 12 (E)
2897:
2892:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2718:
2715:7.5 cm FK 7M85
2711:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:15 cm Do-Gerät
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2569:kz 8 cm GrW 42
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:7.5 cm GebG 36
2504:
2502:7.5 cm GebH 34
2499:
2494:
2489:
2487:7.5 cm leIG 18
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2471:12.8 cm Pak 44
2468:
2466:10 cm PAW 1000
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:2.8 cm sPzB 41
2392:
2390:
2389:Anti-tank guns
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2380:12.8 cm KwK 44
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2237:Anti-tank guns
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2222:8.8 cm Flak 16
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1924:and heavy guns
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1737:
1720:
1714:
1701:
1695:
1682:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1639:
1633:
1620:
1614:
1597:
1591:
1574:
1568:
1555:
1549:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1474:
1462:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1357:, p. 118.
1344:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1270:, p. 362.
1257:
1255:, p. 109.
1232:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1075:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1010:fall of France
967:
964:
729:Siege of Namur
712:
709:
691:
688:
667:
664:
661:
660:
657:
654:
651:
645:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
625:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
606:
605:
602:
599:
596:
590:
589:
586:
583:
580:
565:
562:
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
499:of 46° and an
472:
469:
358:polygonal fort
350:high explosive
344:
341:
331:to attack the
276:Eastern Fronts
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
170:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
145:Specifications
142:
141:
138:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
116:
115:
106:
102:
101:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3176:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:15 cm SK C/28
2999:
2997:
2996:15 cm SK C/25
2994:
2992:
2991:15 cm SK L/45
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:28 cm K 5 (E)
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:20.3 cm K (E)
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:15 cm SK C/28
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2681:Wurfrahmen 40
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:Heavy mortars
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:5 cm leGrW 36
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2543:10.5 cm LG 42
2541:
2539:
2538:10.5 cm LG 40
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:8.8 cm Pak 43
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:7.5 cm Pak 42
2444:
2442:
2441:7.5 cm Pak 41
2439:
2437:
2436:7.5 cm Pak 40
2434:
2432:
2431:7.5 cm Pak 39
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:4.2 cm Pak 41
2404:
2402:
2401:3.7 cm Pak 36
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:8.8 cm KwK 43
2373:
2371:
2370:8.8 cm KwK 36
2368:
2366:
2365:7.5 cm KwK 42
2363:
2361:
2360:7.5 cm KwK 40
2358:
2356:
2355:7.5 cm KwK 37
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:3.7 cm KwK 36
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2227:Flaming onion
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1804:mountain guns
1800:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1715:1-86126-403-8
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1696:0-385-15090-3
1692:
1689:. Doubleday.
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1592:9781851095612
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1542:
1541:Pen and Sword
1538:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1520:, p. 44.
1519:
1514:
1507:
1502:
1496:, p. 22.
1495:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1466:
1460:, p. 47.
1459:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1435:
1428:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1342:, p. 34.
1341:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1282:, p. 14.
1281:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1230:, p. 12.
1229:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
973:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
908:
903:
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:Eastern Front
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
808:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
772:
767:
763:
761:
757:
753:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:Western Front
718:
708:
706:
701:
697:
687:
685:
681:
672:
658:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
626:
622:
619:
616:
611:
608:
607:
603:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
587:
581:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
554:
550:
548:Rate of fire
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
534:
528:
526:
522:
518:
513:
509:
508:metric tonnes
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
468:
466:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
439:
435:
434:Japanese Army
431:
427:
426:recoil system
423:
419:
414:
410:
407:
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:
377:General Staff
374:
373:German Empire
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
340:
338:
334:
330:
329:
324:
320:
317:survived the
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:in 1911. The
257:
253:
249:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:
224:
222:
210:
206:
202:
200:
196:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
132:
129:
126:
122:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
95:German Empire
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
73:
72:German Empire
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
51:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3087:5 cm Flak 41
2849:28 cm H L/12
2803:21 cm Mrs 18
2798:21 cm Mrs 16
2768:15 cm sFH 36
2763:15 cm sFH 18
2758:15 cm sFH 13
2720:
2713:
2708:7.5 cm FK 38
2706:
2702:7.5 cm FK 18
2671:30 cm NbW 42
2661:21 cm NbW 42
2656:15 cm NbW 41
2610:21 cm GrW 69
2605:20 cm leLdgW
2600:12 cm GrW 42
2595:10 cm NbW 40
2590:10 cm NbW 35
2574:Reihenwerfer
2533:7.5 cm LG 40
2517:15 cm sIG 33
2497:7.5 cm IG 42
2492:7.5 cm IG 37
2456:8 cm PAW 600
2311:World War II
2125:
2051:15 cm sFH 93
2046:15 cm sFH 13
2041:15 cm sFH 02
2011:13.5 cm K 09
1946:7.7 cm FK 96
1941:7.7 cm FK 16
1875:7.58 cm leMW
1741:
1724:
1705:
1686:
1669:
1646:. ABC-Clio.
1643:
1624:
1601:
1578:
1559:
1535:
1513:
1501:
1489:
1484:, p. 6.
1477:
1472:, p. 5.
1465:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1179:, p. 7.
1164:, p. 8.
1162:Donnell 2013
1157:
1152:, p. 6.
1145:
1138:Donnell 2013
1133:
1121:
1114:Donnell 2013
1109:
1092:World War II
1087:
1078:
1067:Küstenmörser
1066:
1065:were termed
1057:
1025:
1021:
1005:
1002:Maginot Line
993:
990:World War II
977:
975:
966:World War II
959:
939:
937:
920:
916:
902:Moulainville
872:
851:
829:
775:
714:
704:
699:
695:
693:
677:
648:
628:
610:Beta-M-Gerät
609:
593:
560:"Big Bertha"
557:
524:
520:
517:gantry crane
511:
505:
491:(1,480
481:breechloaded
476:
474:
460:
455:
451:
447:
442:
417:
399:
370:
346:
333:Maginot Line
326:
323:World War II
314:
310:
282:
280:
267:
259:
251:
240:
227:
226:
220:
218:
216:
169: length
124:Manufacturer
113:World War II
99:Nazi Germany
91:Used by
49:
29:
2890:17 cm K (E)
2885:15 cm K (E)
2834:24 cm K (t)
2728:10 cm sK 18
2564:8 cm GrW 34
2421:5 cm Pak 38
2350:5 cm KwK 39
2345:5 cm KwK 38
2325:2 cm KwK 30
1791:World War I
1415:Tucker 2014
1355:Tucker 2014
1268:Kinard 2007
1201:Tucker 2014
1088:Gamma-Gerät
1026:Gamma-Gerät
1022:Gamma-Gerät
1006:Gamma-Gerät
994:Gamma-Gerät
978:Gamma-Gerät
960:Gamma-Gerät
940:Gamma-Gerät
921:Gamma-Gerät
917:Gamma-Gerät
905: [
894: [
852:Gamma-Gerät
805: [
796:, from the
744: [
717:World War I
711:World War I
705:Gamma-Gerät
700:Gamma-Gerät
594:Gamma-Gerät
525:Gamma-Gerät
521:Gamma-Gerät
512:Gamma-Gerät
477:Gamma-Gerät
461:Gamma-Gerät
456:Gamma-Gerät
452:Gamma-Gerät
404: [
396:German Army
343:Development
315:Gamma-Gerät
311:Gamma-Gerät
283:Gamma-Gerät
268:Gamma-Gerät
260:Gamma-Gerät
252:Gamma-Gerät
241:Gamma-Gerät
228:Gamma-Gerät
219:42 cm
203:+43° to 75°
137: built
109:World War I
50:Gamma-Gerät
3138:Categories
2864:Karl-Gerät
2829:24 cm H 39
2824:21 cm K 39
2819:21 cm K 38
2793:17 cm K 18
2783:15 cm K 39
2778:15 cm K 18
2773:15 cm K 16
2722:10 cm K 17
2001:10 cm K 17
1996:10 cm K 14
1991:10 cm K 04
1956:7.7 cm KiH
1527:References
1073:batteries.
1014:Sevastopol
970:See also:
703:destroyed
666:Ammunition
649:Beta-Gerät
629:Beta-Gerät
577:short tons
567:42.6
2844:24 cm K 3
2318:Tank guns
2260:Tank guns
2250:MG 18 TuF
1922:, medium
1905:25 cm sMW
1885:17 cm mMW
1253:Hogg 1997
1102:Citations
1018:Kronstadt
948:17th Army
883:Douaumont
864:11th Army
834:with the
825:Diksmuide
573:long tons
501:elevation
450:, or the
368:in 1888.
362:casemates
328:Wehrmacht
305:. Allied
264:artillery
235:built by
233:siege gun
199:Elevation
86:1909–1942
1799:Infantry
1733:29133423
1583:ABC-Clio
1084:flatcars
1032:See also
891:Souville
875:5th Army
860:Belgrade
836:8th Army
817:Nieuport
813:4th Army
798:1st Army
737:Lorraine
733:6th Army
539:Calibre
497:traverse
185:Diameter
2552:Mortars
1862:Mortars
1678:5673937
1090:during
1063:mortars
950:on the
786:Antwerp
684:lanyard
575:; 47.0
558:M-Gerät
542:Weight
325:by the
291:Belgium
272:Western
52:in 1914
1748:
1731:
1712:
1693:
1676:
1650:
1631:
1612:
1589:
1566:
1547:
1004:. The
982:Meppen
913:Verdun
900:, and
823:, and
756:Leveau
707:guns.
571:(41.9
545:Range
424:and a
422:breech
303:Serbia
301:, and
299:Poland
295:France
250:. The
239:. The
177:Height
167:Barrel
158:Length
1920:Field
1049:Notes
956:Reims
952:Somme
929:Arras
909:]
898:]
821:Ypres
809:]
790:Liège
782:Paris
760:Sarts
748:]
725:Namur
536:Name
413:Krupp
408:]
244:'
237:Krupp
225:, or
128:Krupp
1801:and
1746:ISBN
1729:OCLC
1710:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1674:OCLC
1648:ISBN
1629:ISBN
1610:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1545:ISBN
931:and
887:Vaux
694:The
623:7–8
588:5–6
493:ft/s
475:The
416:the
371:The
335:and
274:and
223:L/12
217:The
150:Mass
105:Wars
58:Type
735:in
643:12
631:09
604:24
398:'s
135:No.
3140::
1608:.
1585:.
1581:.
1543:.
1539:.
1446:^
1347:^
1260:^
1235:^
1220:^
1169:^
962:.
907:fr
896:fr
889:,
885:,
827:.
819:,
807:nl
746:fr
686:.
440:.
406:de
339:.
297:,
293:,
140:10
48:A
2302:e
2295:t
2288:v
1782:e
1775:t
1768:v
1754:.
1735:.
1718:.
1699:.
1680:.
1656:.
1637:.
1618:.
1595:.
1572:.
1553:.
1094:.
579:)
569:t
20:)
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