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Foreign trade of India

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1136:, which is also known as 'Diamond City'. The cutting and polishing units in Surat vary from large firms employing several thousands of diamond cutting and polishing workers to very small informal enterprises having a few workers. The larger Cutting and Polishing of Diamonds (CPD) units have relatively better work and employment conditions and even provide for elaborate benefits. Most of the CPD units are owned by Kathiawadis, who were originally farmers from Northern Gujarat region. The whole diamond cutting and polishing industry is largely community oriented, where most of the owners and workers are Kathiawadis. In the recession of 2008, while many of the small and medium-sized CPD units were closed down with lay-off of workers, there were still some big CPD enterprises who managed to retain their workforce. This was primarily because of the paternal approach of owners, by which they consider workers as extended family members 953: 1254: 908:. India's service exports grew by 27%. In September, India's prominent services industry experienced an acceleration in growth, buoyed by robust demand in the sector. A recent survey also indicated that businesses displayed the highest level of optimism in over nine years. According to S&P Global's India services purchasing managers' index, there was an increase to 61.0 last month from August's figure of 60.1. This surpassed projections in a Reuters poll, which had anticipated a slight dip to 59.5. 4599: 4184: 44: 866:, India was a closed economy due to the average tariffs exceeding 200 percent and the extensive quantitative restrictions on imports. Foreign investment was strictly restricted to only allow Indian ownership of businesses. Since the liberalisation, India's economy has improved mainly due to increased foreign trade. Reforms in India in the 1990s and 2000s aimed to increase international competitiveness in various sectors, including auto components, 4609: 4204: 1155: 3320: 4194: 1317:; not certified for road use) in limited numbers in the U.S. It is also sold in Canada. While the possibilities for the Indian automobile industry are impressive, there are challenges that could thwart future growth. Since the demand for automobiles in recent years is directly linked to overall economic expansion and rising personal incomes, industry growth will slow if the economy weakens. 1104:
recording a CAGR of 9.44%. Despite the dependence on imports, India has developed sufficient processing capacity over the years to produce different petroleum products. As result, India is a net exporter of petroleum products. The export of petroleum products increased from 38.94 Mt in 2008–09 to 56.76 Mt during 2020–21.
886:, and professional services. These reforms included reducing import tariffs, deregulating markets, and lowering taxes, which led to an increase in foreign investment and high economic growth. From 1992 to 2005, foreign investment increased by 316.9%, and India's GDP grew from $ 266 billion in 1991 to $ 2.3 trillion in 2018. 916:
increase from the 19 percent reported in FY14. This category encompasses a range of services including legal services, accounting, auditing, book-keeping, tax consultancy services, management consulting, managerial and public relations services, as well as advertising, market research, and public opinion polling services.
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of such exports as part of its quarterly balance of payment data. This classification encompasses transport, travel, construction, insurance and pensions, financial services, telecommunications, computer and information services, as well as personal, cultural, recreational services, among other business services.
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India is the second biggest oil importer after China and is highly dependent on imported crude oil. The net imports of crude oil rose from 171.73 Mt during 2011–12 to 226.95 Mt during 2020–21. The net imports of natural gas increased from 18 BCM in 2011–12 to 32.86 BCM in 2020–21,
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The spectrum of India's services exports encompasses a diverse array of sectors, ranging from information technology (IT) to the provision of medical services by professionals overseas. The RBI, while not providing monthly disaggregated data on services exports, periodically releases a classification
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Within India's services export landscape, software exports retain a dominant position. However, noteworthy is the recent surge in "other business services" exports, which constituted 24 percent of the total services exports in the initial nine months (April-December) of FY23. This marks a notable
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India has an 82.8% import dependence for crude oil and 45.3% for natural gas. Due to lack of adequate petroleum reserves, India has to depend mostly on crude oil imports for the near future till its renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, hydro and biomass, are developed adequately to
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India's diamond industry, which is estimated to grow by an average 10 to 15 percent each year in the next five years, accounts for 70–75 percent of total diamond exports in the world and employs 850,000 people, making it the largest cutting hub by value and number of employees. Last year, the
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announced its plans to set up a plant in India with an annual capacity of 250,000 cars, for US$ 500 million. The cars were manufactured both for the Indian market and for export. The company said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the hub for its global production business.
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country's import of rough diamonds rose 24.5 percent to 149.8 million carats against a year earlier, and export of cut and polished diamonds witnessed a surge of 28.3 percent to 59.9 million carats. The old market is located at Opera House and Prasad Chambers (Charni Road).
4139: 2249: 1750:(HS code 71) were the second-largest traded items with 558.465 billion US$ worth imports and 41.692 billion US$ worth re-exports after value addition. These two goods are constituting 53% total imports, 34% total exports and nearly 100% of total 3443: 1746:(finished gold ware / gold metal). In the year 2013–14, mineral fuels (HS code 27) were the largest traded item with 181.383 billion US$ worth imports and 64.685 billion US$ worth re-exports after refining. In the year 2024–2025, 999:
supplier in the world by volume, accounting for more than 60% of all vaccines manufactured in the world. Indian pharmaceutical products are exported to various regulated markets including the US, UK, European Union and Canada.
2681: 2526: 4564: 2561: 1754:(136 billion US$ ) of India in the financial year 2013–14. The services trade (exports and imports) are not part of commodities trade. The trade surplus in services trade is US$ 70 billion in the year 2017–18. 2302: 4574: 2241: 2442: 2187: 1007:, the turnover in the domestic pharmaceutical market was estimated to be $ 41 billion. India's pharmaceutical exports revenue was $ 25.3 billion in fiscal year 2022–23, according to the data released by 4533: 1199:, India's strong engineering base and expertise in the manufacturing of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has resulted in the expansion of manufacturing facilities of several automobile companies like 3122: 2218: 2887: 4569: 4528: 4433: 2126: 2685: 2519: 2587: 4538: 1768:
The two primary destinations of India's exports are the EU and the United States, whereas the China and the EU are the two primary countries from which India's imports come from.
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was planning to re-enter the Indian market and open a production plant in Andhra Pradesh that would have an annual capacity of 100,000 vehicles, investing €700M in the operation.
802:), and was the first European to ever sail to India. The tremendous profit made during this trip made the Portuguese eager for more trade with India and attracted other European 4483: 4403: 4313: 4273: 3905: 1855: 2551: 4523: 4408: 4298: 4278: 2306: 2156: 4378: 4293: 4288: 4438: 4418: 4353: 4318: 4303: 3084:"India's overall exports projected to scale new heights, growing at 13.84 percent during FY 2022-23 over FY 2021-22 to achieve USD 770.18 billion worth of exports" 4423: 4388: 2179: 1874: 1809: 2354: 2556: 3114: 2909: 2210: 4124: 3594: 2613: 760: 2761: 1272:
In 2009, India (0.23m) surpassed China (0.16m) as Asia's fourth largest exporter of cars after Japan (1.77m), Korea (1.12m) and Thailand (0.26m).
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Dutta, M. K. and Sarma, Gopal Kumar, Foreign Direct Investment in India Since 1991: Trends, Challenges and Prospects (1 January 2008).
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India exports approximately 7500 commodities to about 190 countries, and imports around 6000 commodities from 140 countries.
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As of 2023, India is the seventh largest exporter of commercial services in the world, accounting for 4.6% of global
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models in the U.S. market, but canceled its plans. As of 2019, it is assembling and selling an off-road vehicle (
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and the United Nations. After India gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, it soon joined the
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represent 61.67% of total trade by India in the financial year 2022–23. These figures include trade in
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by replacing petroleum products consumption, which also significantly contributes to air pollution.
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was valued at an estimated US$ 42 billion in 2021 and is estimated to reach $ 130 billion by 2030.
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left for India in 1501 and established Portuguese trading posts in Calicut and Cochin (modern day
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India's automobile exports have grown consistently and reached $ 4.5 billion in 2009, with the
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ranks India fifth for commercial services exports and sixth for commercial services imports.
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had announced that it would source more than US$ 1 billion worth auto components from India.
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by volume, with a 20% share of total global pharmaceutical exports. It is also the largest
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In recent years, India has emerged as a leading center for the manufacture of small cars.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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planned to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011. Similarly,
1195: 1011:. India ranked third globally in terms of dollar value of drugs and medicines exports. 728: 589: 431: 207: 117: 4608: 4031: 3920: 3915: 3780: 3760: 3755: 3667: 3662: 3479: 3428: 2334: 2032: 2007: 1770:
These figures include trade in goods and commodities, but do not include services or
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exports its passenger vehicles to several Asian and African markets. In the 2000s,
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had announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 2011.
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maintained semi-autonomous diplomatic relations. It had colonies (such as the
4627: 4602: 3967: 3494: 3453: 3185: 3115:"India's overall trade deficit in FY 22-23 jumps to $ 122 billion, says govt" 2910:"2021 Citroen C5 Aircross launched in India, prices start from Rs 29.90 lakh" 2089:"Since 1991, Budget size grew 19 times, economy 9 times; your income 5 times" 1972: 1840: 1824: 1290: 1227: 1042: 791: 516: 421: 411: 348: 343: 257: 252: 152: 112: 3137: 2938: 3504: 3474: 1187: 1082: 992: 821: 807: 439: 358: 247: 167: 3061: 2355:"'Indian pharma industry likely to grow to $ 130 billion in size by 2030'" 723:
and strongly supported independence movements in other colonies, like the
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includes all imports and exports to and from India. At the level of the
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Cabinet approves Production Linked Incentive Scheme for Pharmaceuticals
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Major pharmaceutical hubs in India are (anticlockwise from northwest):
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How Mahindra plans to grow in U.S. with 'India tough' Roxor off-roader
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around 100 CE, describing trade between countries, including India.
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The cutting and polishing of diamonds occurs mainly in the city of
1014: 871: 833: 829: 744: 2512: 2303:"India's services exports rise record 27% in FY23, shows RBI data" 2211:"India Services Activity Gains on Solid Demand at Home and Abroad" 3023: 2584:"India searches for new energy sources as global oil prices rise" 1179: 1154: 1054: 1038: 996: 197: 2637:"Diamonds and Patels: A report on the diamond industry of Surat" 1935:
High Commission of India in Australia: India Australia Relations
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entered the market in 2021 with their first offering being the
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Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India
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Summary table of recent India foreign trade (in billion $ ):
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Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in India.
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are the two biggest exporters of cars from the country.
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Traditional Exports of India: Performance and Prospects
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Traditional Exports of India: Performance and Prospects
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also exports small cars from its Indian assembly line.
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First Assembly, Geneva, 15 November – 18 December 1920
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List of Indian states and union territories by exports
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Details of the trade planning and execution by India
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Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
2520:"Statistical Review of World Energy 2020 (page 31)" 2682:"Britain India's largest automobile export market" 1309:prepared to introduce its pickup trucks and small 775:is a document written by an anonymous sailor from 2610:"An entirely renewable energy future is possible" 2495:"Development of Pharmaceutical Industry in India" 2407:, Press Information Bureau of India, 24 Feb 2021. 1174:being India's largest export market, followed by 4625: 3208:"Statistics - Services Export Promotion Council" 2664:International Journal of Organizational Analysis 1123:Bharat Diamond Bourse § India's diamond industry 2031:. Delhi: New Century Publications. p. 59. 2006:. Delhi: New Century Publications. p. 59. 1275:In July 2010, The Economic Times reported that 681:. Foreign trade accounted for 48.8% of India's 2786: 4234: 3302: 3277:Major Problems Hindering Indias Export Growth 2890:. Economic Times: Times of India. 8 July 2010 2469:"India's pharma exports cross $ 25.3 billion" 1097:Oil and gas industry in India § Foreign trade 651: 2658:Biju Varkkey; Randhir Kumar (19 July 2013). 2119:"Service exports (BoP, current US$ ) | Data" 2026: 2001: 1697: 4241: 4227: 3309: 3295: 2946:"India Automobiles; Car Industry in India" 2706: 1738:The two largest goods traded by India are 933: 658: 644: 4248: 3112: 2836: 2813: 1815:List of largest trading partners of India 1705:List of largest trading partners of India 3210:. Department of Commerce. Archived from 3060:. Department of Commerce. Archived from 2493:Ahlawat & Associates (26 May 2022). 2330:Macroeconomics and Elementary Statistics 2239: 1252: 1153: 2814:Choudhury, Santanu (3 September 2009). 2791:. World Business Briefing | Asia. 2789:"India: Ford Plans to Build Small Cars" 2381:"India's vaccine manufacturing prowess" 2177: 1089: 851: 4626: 4203: 3394:Securities and Exchange Board of India 3178:"Total Trade :: 25 Top countries" 2532:from the original on 19 September 2020 2300: 2208: 1148:Automotive industry in India § Exports 1140: 919: 820:), returning to Portugal in 1501 with 4222: 3290: 3125:from the original on 16 November 2023 3094:from the original on 29 November 2023 2737:. Wheelsunplugged.com. Archived from 2635:Miranda Engelshoven (February 1999). 2282:from the original on 16 November 2023 2252:from the original on 16 November 2023 2159:from the original on 16 November 2023 1982:. Un.org. Retrieved 12 November 2011. 1800:Business process outsourcing to India 1115: 896:Business process outsourcing to India 4193: 3272:Directorate General of Foreign Trade 3034:from the original on 28 October 2017 2859: 2837:Kuncheria, C.J. (3 September 2009). 2759: 2240:Majumdar, Romita (31 January 2022). 2099:from the original on 17 January 2023 1836:Merchandise Export from India Scheme 1830:Directorate General of Foreign Trade 946: 889: 747:, India adopted a foreign policy of 3113:Mukherjee, Saurav (13 April 2023). 2948:. Thomaswhite.com. 26 February 2010 2860:Nair, Vipin V. (7 September 2009). 2787:Bloomberg News (3 September 2009). 2221:from the original on 1 January 2024 2086: 1321: 991:is the world's largest provider of 761:received extensive military support 13: 3158:from the original on 25 April 2023 3004:from the original on 18 March 2021 2564:from the original on 24 April 2022 2301:Mishra, Asit Ranjan (2 May 2023). 2190:from the original on 31 March 2024 2129:from the original on 17 March 2023 42: 14: 4645: 3374:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 3265: 3250:from the original on 14 June 2018 3152:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 2974:from the original on 4 March 2016 2764:. mydigitalfc.com. Archived from 2760:Jose, Darlington (25 June 2009). 2709:"More Cars Are Coming From India" 2707:Kurczewski, Nick (26 June 2009). 2616:from the original on 5 March 2021 2590:from the original on 24 June 2021 2178:Chandak, Anant (5 October 2023). 1717:largest trading partners of India 1713:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 755:. However, India developed close 679:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 311:International Chamber of Commerce 4607: 4598: 4597: 4202: 4192: 4183: 4182: 3318: 2762:"GM to make India small car hub" 2209:Bhatia, Ruchi (5 October 2023). 1703:This section is an excerpt from 1146:This section is an excerpt from 1121:This section is an excerpt from 1095:This section is an excerpt from 985:pharmaceutical industry in India 951: 941:Pharmaceutical industry in India 939:This section is an excerpt from 858:Economic liberalisation in India 3200: 3106: 3076: 3046: 3016: 2986: 2960: 2927: 2902: 2880: 2864:. Bloomberg.com. Archived from 2830: 2807: 2780: 2753: 2727: 2700: 2651: 2628: 2602: 2576: 2461: 2435: 2373: 2347: 2321: 2294: 2264: 2233: 2202: 2171: 2141: 2111: 2080: 2071: 1973:UN list of members by admission 1911:"Human Development Report 2018" 900:Information technology in India 766: 677:, trade is administered by the 4565:British Indian Ocean Territory 2045: 2027:John, K. C.; Kevin, S (2004). 2020: 2002:John, K. C.; Kevin, S (2004). 1995: 1985: 1966: 1947: 1928: 1903: 1867: 794:landed in Calicut (modern day 782: 773:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 743:for years to come. During the 725:Indonesian National Revolution 1: 3906:Electronics and semiconductor 2422:India Brand Equity Foundation 2153:India Brand Equity Foundation 1875:"Country comparison: Exports" 1861: 387:Intellectual property rights 7: 1885:Central Intelligence Agency 1778: 1748:gold and its finished items 369:Economic and monetary union 291:International Monetary Fund 228:Voluntary export restraints 10: 4650: 3389:Central Statistical Office 1790:Foreign relations of India 1742:(refined / unrefined) and 1702: 1145: 1120: 1094: 938: 923: 893: 855: 757:ties with the Soviet Union 699:Indo-Roman trade relations 692: 688: 364:Customs and monetary union 306:World Customs Organization 296:International Trade Centre 4593: 4552: 4512: 4254: 4178: 4105: 4074: 3824: 3693: 3633: 3585: 3537: 3467: 3419:Foreign exchange reserves 3414:Foreign direct investment 3384:Economic Advisory Council 3354: 3331: 3282:India Exports and Imports 3148:"Export Import Data Bank" 1772:foreign direct investment 1733:foreign direct investment 1698:Trading partners of India 960:This article needs to be 735:, particularly that over 695:Economic history of India 329:Preferential trading area 4314:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3555:Multi Commodity Exchange 3241:World Trade Organization 2552:"Energy Statistics 2022" 1851:Medical tourism in India 1805:List of exports of India 1763:World Trade Organisation 926:List of exports of India 884:research and development 610:Balassa–Samuelson effect 605:Ricardian trade theories 492:Largest consumer markets 301:World Trade Organization 4575:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3399:Enforcement Directorate 1959:13 January 2020 at the 1940:13 October 2009 at the 1307:Mahindra & Mahindra 934:Pharmaceutical industry 864:economic liberalisation 741:relations with Pakistan 721:Commonwealth of Nations 625:Lerner symmetry theorem 4634:Foreign trade of India 3995:Science and technology 3931:Information technology 3620:Government initiatives 3028:www.eximatlasindia.com 2385:www.investindia.gov.in 1269: 1222:In 2008, South Korean 1167: 751:itself with any major 671:Foreign trade in India 600:Gravity model of trade 497:Leading trade partners 402:Government procurement 203:Exchange rate controls 47: 4249:Foreign trade of Asia 3512:Reserve Bank of India 3234:"Trade Profiles 2017" 1727:, but do not include 1256: 1157: 580:Heckscher–Ohlin model 575:Competitive advantage 570:Comparative advantage 457:Trade and development 218:Countervailing duties 46: 4489:United Arab Emirates 3600:Economic development 3444:Voluntary guidelines 3439:Industrial licensing 3243:. pp. 170–171. 3024:"Export Import Data" 2994:"The World Factbook" 1978:12 July 2014 at the 1795:Remittances to India 1234:automobile company, 1090:Oil and gas industry 1005:Economic Survey 2023 852:1991 economic reform 814:Pedro Álvares Cabral 749:non-alignment policy 733:territorial disputes 595:Intra-industry trade 323:Economic integration 273:Economic integration 268:Economic nationalism 4516:limited recognition 3362:Ministry of Finance 3214:on 11 November 2018 3064:on 22 November 2018 2688:on 24 November 2010 1285:Citroën C5 Aircross 1277:PSA Peugeot Citroën 1241:In September 2009, 1141:Automotive Industry 920:Exports and imports 789:Portuguese explorer 739:, would strain its 709:Government of India 223:Anti-dumping duties 163:Non-tariff barriers 108:Import substitution 4012:Telecommunications 3538:Financial services 3459:Atmanirbhar Bharat 3379:Finance Commission 3188:on 22 October 2018 2793:The New York Times 2713:The New York Times 2447:The Economic Times 2246:The Economic Times 2123:data.worldbank.org 2093:The Economic Times 1880:The World Factbook 1270: 1196:The New York Times 1168: 1116:Diamond Processing 868:telecommunications 862:Prior to the 1991 675:Central Government 590:Economic geography 397:Competition policy 193:Technical barriers 173:Tariff-rate quotas 118:Trade facilitation 103:Export orientation 48: 4621: 4620: 4558:other territories 4216: 4215: 3741:Jammu and Kashmir 3367:Finance ministers 3090:. 13 April 2023. 2868:on 2 January 2013 2449:. 31 January 2023 2309:on 6 October 2023 1761:(EU) as one, the 1711:According to the 1695: 1694: 993:generic medicines 981: 980: 906:trade in services 890:Trade in services 717:League of Nations 668: 667: 615:Linder hypothesis 427:Emissions trading 4641: 4611: 4601: 4600: 4570:Christmas Island 4256:Sovereign states 4243: 4236: 4229: 4220: 4219: 4206: 4205: 4196: 4195: 4186: 4185: 4170:Mumbai Consensus 3736:Himachal Pradesh 3625:Numbering system 3615:Green revolution 3490:Historical Forex 3325:Economy of India 3323: 3322: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3288: 3287: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3249: 3238: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3184:. Archived from 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3144: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2942: 2936: 2931: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2818:. Online.wsj.com 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2678: 2672: 2671: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2632: 2626: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2586:. 9 March 2021. 2580: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2531: 2524: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2473:Deccan Chronicle 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2414: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2268: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2186:. MSN. Reuters. 2175: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2084: 2078: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2024: 2018: 2017: 1999: 1993: 1989: 1983: 1970: 1964: 1951: 1945: 1932: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1915: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1891:on 27 April 2019 1887:. Archived from 1871: 1785:Economy of India 1329: 1328: 1322:Trade statistics 1162:in service with 1160:Mahindra Scorpio 976: 973: 967: 955: 954: 947: 660: 653: 646: 620:Leontief paradox 585:New trade theory 188:Export subsidies 73:Balance of trade 21: 20: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4640: 4639: 4638: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4589: 4557: 4548: 4529:Northern Cyprus 4515: 4508: 4250: 4247: 4217: 4212: 4174: 4101: 4070: 3980:Pharmaceuticals 3820: 3689: 3629: 3595:COVID-19 impact 3581: 3533: 3463: 3350: 3327: 3317: 3315: 3268: 3263: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3217: 3215: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3182:commerce.nic.in 3176: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3146: 3145: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3111: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3067: 3065: 3058:commerce.nic.in 3052: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3007: 3005: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2928: 2918: 2916: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2893: 2891: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2871: 2869: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2819: 2812: 2808: 2798: 2796: 2785: 2781: 2771: 2769: 2768:on 27 June 2009 2758: 2754: 2744: 2742: 2741:on 20 June 2009 2733: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2705: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2656: 2652: 2647:(1–2): 353–377. 2633: 2629: 2619: 2617: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2593: 2591: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2567: 2565: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2491: 2487: 2477: 2475: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2441: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2299: 2295: 2285: 2283: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2255: 2253: 2238: 2234: 2224: 2222: 2207: 2203: 2193: 2191: 2176: 2172: 2162: 2160: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2102: 2100: 2087:Mudgill, Amit. 2085: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2039: 2025: 2021: 2014: 2000: 1996: 1990: 1986: 1980:Wayback Machine 1971: 1967: 1961:Wayback Machine 1952: 1948: 1942:Wayback Machine 1933: 1929: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1894: 1892: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1820:Indian diaspora 1781: 1776: 1775: 1708: 1700: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1151: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1126: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1109:energy security 1100: 1092: 1087: 1086: 977: 971: 968: 965: 956: 952: 944: 936: 928: 922: 902: 892: 876:pharmaceuticals 860: 854: 785: 769: 713:Aden Settlement 701: 691: 664: 635: 634: 565: 557: 556: 512: 502: 501: 472: 462: 461: 432:Trade sanctions 382: 374: 373: 334:Free-trade area 324: 316: 315: 286: 278: 277: 243: 233: 232: 178:Import licenses 148: 138: 137: 98:Trade diversion 58: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4647: 4637: 4636: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4605: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4561: 4559: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4520: 4518: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4260: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4223: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4200: 4190: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4145:Income Tax Act 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4121: 4120: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4009: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3992: 3987: 3985:Pulp and paper 3982: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3973:Iron and Steel 3970: 3960: 3959: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3766:Madhya Pradesh 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3701:Andhra Pradesh 3697: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3665: 3660: 3659: 3658: 3648: 3643: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3605:Liberalisation 3602: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3370: 3369: 3358: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3348: 3343: 3337: 3335: 3329: 3328: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3299: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3267: 3266:External links 3264: 3262: 3261: 3225: 3199: 3169: 3136: 3105: 3075: 3045: 3015: 2985: 2959: 2937: 2926: 2901: 2879: 2852: 2829: 2806: 2779: 2752: 2726: 2699: 2673: 2650: 2627: 2601: 2575: 2543: 2511: 2485: 2460: 2434: 2409: 2397: 2372: 2346: 2339: 2320: 2293: 2263: 2232: 2201: 2170: 2140: 2110: 2079: 2070: 2044: 2037: 2019: 2012: 1994: 1984: 1965: 1946: 1927: 1902: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1780: 1777: 1759:European Union 1715:, the fifteen 1709: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1341:Trade Deficit 1339: 1336: 1333: 1323: 1320: 1315:Mahindra Roxor 1261:on display in 1236:General Motors 1172:United Kingdom 1152: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1127: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1101: 1093: 1091: 1088: 979: 978: 972:September 2018 959: 957: 950: 945: 937: 935: 932: 924:Main article: 921: 918: 891: 888: 856:Main article: 853: 850: 784: 781: 768: 765: 690: 687: 666: 665: 663: 662: 655: 648: 640: 637: 636: 633: 632: 630:Terms of trade 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 566: 563: 562: 559: 558: 555: 554: 549: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 522:Trading nation 519: 513: 508: 507: 504: 503: 500: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 473: 468: 467: 464: 463: 460: 459: 454: 453: 452: 447: 442: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 383: 380: 379: 376: 375: 372: 371: 366: 361: 356: 354:Economic union 351: 346: 341: 339:Currency union 336: 331: 325: 322: 321: 318: 317: 314: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 287: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 244: 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 183:Customs duties 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 153:Trade barriers 149: 144: 143: 140: 139: 136: 135: 130: 128:Domestic trade 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 93:Trade creation 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 59: 54: 53: 50: 49: 39: 38: 32: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4646: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4604: 4596: 4595: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4539:South Ossetia 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4232: 4230: 4225: 4224: 4221: 4209: 4201: 4199: 4191: 4189: 4181: 4180: 4177: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4160:Insurance Act 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4150:Companies Act 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4115: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4001: 4000:Biotechnology 3998: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3911:Entertainment 3909: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3811:Uttar Pradesh 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3514: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3495:Digital rupee 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3454:Make in India 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3409:Foreign trade 3407: 3405: 3404:External debt 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3321: 3312: 3307: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3229: 3213: 3209: 3203: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3109: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3079: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3054:"Total Trade" 3049: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3019: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2989: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2930: 2915: 2911: 2905: 2889: 2883: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2841:. 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India 2719:3 April 2715:. India 2594:19 June 2568:7 April 2478:24 June 2453:24 June 1688:892.18 1677:-83.53 1674:760.06 1671:676.53 1646:467.19 1643:314.31 1632:514.07 1629:330.07 1618:465.58 1615:303.52 1607:-108.5 1593:-118.7 1579:-137.6 1565:-144.7 1551:-154.3 1537:-202.0 1523:-162.0 1509:-125.9 1495:-106.1 1481:-129.1 1453:-36.87 1439:-20.15 1425:-16.91 1338:Import 1335:Export 1295:Hyundai 1281:Citroën 1201:Hyundai 1180:Germany 1055:Chennai 1039:Kolkata 997:vaccine 962:updated 737:Kashmir 689:History 547:Vietnam 542:Romania 487:Tariffs 482:Exports 477:Imports 241:History 208:Embargo 198:Bribery 158:Tariffs 4544:Taiwan 4479:Turkey 4444:Russia 4379:Kuwait 4359:Jordan 4349:Israel 4309:Cyprus 4294:Brunei 4289:Bhutan 3990:Retail 3963:Mining 3941:Cinema 3874:Energy 3786:Punjab 3781:Odisha 3761:Ladakh 3756:Kerala 3651:Income 3634:People 3570:Bombay 3162:13 May 2772:9 July 2745:9 July 2504:27 May 2427:27 May 2337:  2059:. 2011 2035:  2010:  1895:5 June 1832:(DGFT) 1604:384.3 1601:275.8 1587:262.3 1576:447.9 1573:310.3 1562:462.9 1559:318.2 1548:467.5 1545:313.2 1534:500.4 1531:298.4 1520:461.4 1517:299.4 1506:327.0 1503:201.1 1492:274.3 1489:168.2 1478:305.5 1475:176.4 1464:100.9 1461:112.0 1450:113.1 1447:76.23 1436:89.33 1433:69.18 1422:74.15 1419:57.24 1411:-13.3 1383:-12.0 1369:-17.7 1355:-13.9 1299:Nissan 1267:Poland 1263:Poznań 1215:, and 1209:Toyota 1205:Nissan 1186:, and 1182:, the 1081:, and 1067:Mumbai 1059:Margao 1035:Sikkim 846:cloves 844:, and 838:nutmeg 826:ginger 822:pepper 800:Kerala 727:. The 707:, the 564:Theory 381:Issues 68:Export 63:Import 56:Policy 4585:Macau 4504:Yemen 4464:Syria 4439:Qatar 4419:Nepal 4354:Japan 4329:India 4319:Egypt 4304:China 4118:NCLAT 4106:Other 4082:IRDAI 4066:Water 4054:Roads 4044:Ports 4037:Civil 4007:Space 3936:Media 3894:Solar 3716:Delhi 3711:Bihar 3706:Assam 3505:Paisa 3248:(PDF) 3237:(PDF) 2530:(PDF) 2523:(PDF) 1914:(PDF) 1721:goods 1691:-122 1682:2023 1668:2022 1663:-192 1654:2021 1640:2020 1635:-184 1626:2019 1612:2018 1598:2017 1584:2016 1570:2015 1556:2014 1542:2013 1528:2012 1514:2011 1500:2010 1486:2009 1472:2008 1467:11.1 1458:2007 1444:2006 1430:2005 1416:2004 1408:61.6 1405:48.3 1402:2003 1397:-9.3 1394:53.8 1391:44.5 1388:2002 1380:54.5 1377:42.5 1374:2001 1366:60.8 1363:43.1 1360:2000 1352:50.2 1349:36.3 1346:1999 1332:Year 1176:Italy 1164:Italy 1158:2007 1134:Surat 1031:Baddi 989:India 818:Kochi 552:India 470:Lists 4424:Oman 4389:Laos 4344:Iraq 4339:Iran 4165:FEMA 4130:IBBI 4125:BIFR 4113:NCLT 4097:IBBI 4092:SEBI 4049:Rail 3968:Coal 3899:Wind 3673:EPFO 3522:Mint 3480:Sign 3256:2023 3220:2015 3194:2015 3164:2023 3131:2023 3119:mint 3100:2023 3070:2015 3040:2018 3010:2015 2980:2015 2954:2010 2921:2024 2896:2011 2874:2010 2847:2010 2824:2010 2801:2011 2774:2009 2747:2009 2721:2011 2694:2010 2641:Sage 2622:2018 2596:2021 2570:2022 2538:2021 2506:2022 2480:2023 2455:2023 2429:2019 2392:2023 2367:2023 2335:ISBN 2315:2023 2288:2023 2258:2023 2227:2023 2196:2023 2165:2023 2135:2023 2105:2020 2065:2011 2033:ISBN 2008:ISBN 1922:2017 1897:2017 1744:gold 1723:and 1660:612 1657:420 1590:381 1293:and 1071:Pune 1027:Vapi 983:The 898:and 842:mace 806:and 771:The 759:and 697:and 436:War 4556:and 4135:IBC 4087:RBI 3721:Goa 3683:PPF 3678:NPS 1731:or 1311:SUV 798:in 683:GDP 133:Tax 4630:: 3239:. 3180:. 3154:. 3150:. 3139:^ 3121:. 3117:. 3086:. 3056:. 3030:. 3026:. 3000:. 2996:. 2970:. 2912:. 2711:. 2668:21 2666:. 2662:. 2645:33 2643:. 2639:. 2612:. 2560:. 2554:. 2525:. 2497:. 2471:. 2445:. 2420:. 2383:. 2357:. 2333:. 2278:. 2274:. 2248:. 2244:. 2217:. 2213:. 2182:. 2155:. 2151:. 2125:. 2121:. 2095:. 2091:. 2055:. 1883:. 1877:. 1735:. 1287:. 1265:, 1257:A 1232:US 1219:. 1211:, 1207:, 1203:, 1190:. 1178:, 1077:, 1073:, 1069:, 1065:, 1061:, 1057:, 1053:, 1049:, 1045:, 1041:, 1037:, 1033:, 1029:, 1025:, 1021:, 1017:, 882:, 878:, 874:, 870:, 840:, 836:, 832:, 828:, 824:, 810:. 29:on 4242:e 4235:t 4228:v 3310:e 3303:t 3296:v 3258:. 3222:. 3196:. 3166:. 3133:. 3102:. 3072:. 3042:. 3012:. 2982:. 2956:. 2923:. 2898:. 2876:. 2849:. 2826:. 2803:. 2776:. 2749:. 2723:. 2696:. 2624:. 2598:. 2572:. 2540:. 2508:. 2482:. 2457:. 2431:. 2394:. 2369:. 2343:. 2317:. 2290:. 2260:. 2229:. 2198:. 2167:. 2137:. 2107:. 2067:. 2041:. 2016:. 1924:. 1899:. 1774:. 1707:. 1150:. 1125:. 1099:. 1085:. 974:) 970:( 964:. 943:. 659:e 652:t 645:v

Index

a series
World trade

Policy
Import
Export
Balance of trade
Trade law
Trade pact
Trade bloc
Trade creation
Trade diversion
Export orientation
Import substitution
Trade finance
Trade facilitation
Trade route
Domestic trade
Tax
Restrictions
Trade barriers
Tariffs
Non-tariff barriers
Import quotas
Tariff-rate quotas
Import licenses
Customs duties
Export subsidies
Technical barriers
Bribery

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