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time, it was the same setting, and the same set of questions. Each time I was unceremoniously marched out of class, in front of the instructor and all my classmates, by a uniformed policeman. Once this occurred during a final exam in accounting. …At each interrogation, I refused to tell them anything. Each time I was amazed that, while I was truly terrified by their tactics and their threats, I was able to stonewall their questions and refuse to give them the answers they were so desperate for. I came to realize that they, as a group, were really a very dumb bunch of redneck, illiterate people, clumsily wielding a vast amount of power over others.
205:'s activities in Florida. The committee's broadly worded mandate from the legislature was to "investigate all organizations whose principles or activities include a course of conduct on the part of any person or group which could constitute violence, or a violation of the laws of the state, or would be inimical to the well being and orderly pursuit of their personal and business activities by the majority of the citizens of this state." However, "Johns claimed that he believed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to be the only group that the Committee would investigate."
475:"bring over" the young person, to hook him for homosexuality. A veteran investigator of homosexual activities… said, "We must do everything in our power to create one thing in the minds of every homosexual and that is to keep their hands off our children. …if we don't act soon we will wake up some morning and find they are too big to fight. They may be already. I hope not." We hope that many citizen organizations in Florida will use this report… to prepare their children to meet the temptations of homosexuality lurking today in the vicinity of nearly every institution of learning.
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of secret documents, which were left in the custody of the legislature, to be kept sealed for 72 years. In 1993, however, bowing to pressure from
Florida historians under the state's public records law, the legislature authorized the placement in the Florida State Archives of a photocopied set of the records, with all individuals' names blacked out except those of the committee's members, staff, and public officials. The redacted records are available for public review at the archives in
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university's president. In April, the university fired at least 15 faculty members and librarians. This was done in semi-secret, with no public announcement, so the students of the university had only a murky notion what was happening. Over the next year, the university continued "investigations and expulsions of students and faculty" because, to pacify the Johns
Committee, it had committed itself to "legitimate self-policing".
401:. …Many deans objected to the committee's activities, and local editorials blasted the report as "a disgrace" and "a shameful document." USF suspended Sheldon N. Grebstein, assistant professor of English, after the Committee denounced him for handing out "indecent" reprints of literary criticism aimed at
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I moved on to a successful and somewhat normal life as a gay man. …But, never far in the background, has lurked the shadow of
Investigator Tileston and the gnawing feeling that what I am, the very essence of my being, is somehow wrong. Bad. Sinful. Unworthy. I will probably never rid myself of those
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Lawmakers outraged at what the media were calling "state-sponsored pornography" forbade the printing of further copies and eliminated funding for the Johns
Committee at the next legislative session. The committee subsequently disbanded and ceased its work on July 1, 1965, having amassed 30,000 pages
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The best and current estimate of active homosexuals in
Florida is 60,000 individuals. The plain fact of the matter is that a great many homosexuals have an insatiable appetite for sexual activities and find special gratification in the recruitment to their ranks of youth. The homosexual's goal is to
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In a 1972 interview, Charley Johns said he saw the committee as a way to stamp out homosexuality. He said he was particularly disturbed by the number of homosexuals at U.F. "I don't get no love out of hurting people. But that situation in
Gainesville, my Lord have mercy. I never saw nothing like it
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By 1963, the Johns
Committee could boast of having caused the firing of 39 professors and deans, as well as the revoking of teaching certificates for 71 public school teachers, all suspected or admitted homosexuals. Scores of students were interrogated and subsequently expelled from public colleges
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I arrived at the
University of Florida on my 25th birthday in September 1957. Having completed four years in the Air Force, I was anxious to move ahead quickly with my education, and get on to a working career. …I was called in to be interrogated three or four times during the next two years. Each
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However, the Johns
Committee had already begun interrogating suspected homosexuals among students and faculty on Florida campuses before the legislature gave specific authorization for it. In 1958, committee chairman Johns illegally sent a covert investigator to the University of Florida after his
354:, have been criticized for cooperating fully with the Johns Committee." He permitted Johns Committee uniformed investigators to come on campus and to make tape recordings of interrogation sessions with faculty and students. Many faculty were too afraid of exposure to resist the violation of their
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Stymied in their investigation of the NAACP, the committee turned to the issue of homosexuals, specifically at the
University at Florida. John d'Emilio has suggested that this may have been provoked by support for desegregation at the University of Florida, but Stacy Braukman sees it simply as a
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Students, too, faced the committee's wrath. While faculty and staff suffered immediate dismissal if suspected of homosexuality, gay students could remain on campus only if they visited the infirmary and submitted to psychiatric treatments throughout their academic career.… The FLIC compelled
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hired student informants with FLIC funds, used highway patrolmen to remove professors from the classroom, and telephoned some instructors late at night, demanding that they provide testimony in Strickland's motel room at his convenience. He also prohibited the accused from confronting their
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The investigations ruined many lives and careers. For example, in March 1959, the chairman of the University of Florida geography department, Professor Sigismond Diettrich, a married man, attempted suicide after being interrogated by the committee's agents and then forced to resign by the
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personnel at the UF medical center to disclose information found in patient records and…also reserved the right to seize clinical records as it did when investigators seized paperwork on thirty-five female students who had given birth out of wedlock at the UF facility.
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informally called "the Purple Pamphlet" on account of its cover, which immediately became notorious for including pictures of homosexual activity. More than 2000 copies of the report were printed, some of which were later reportedly sold as
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informed professors of their rights, but those who had something to fear were too afraid to ask for an arrest warrant or subpoena. Either of these would mean that their private lives could be played out for the public to read about in the
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Johns had not succeeded in getting legislative support for a committee to investigate vice crimes. The "hysteria over the prospect of desegregation" led Johns to recast his proposed committee, successfully, as a tool to investigate the
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as "a day of catastrophe—a Black Monday—a day something like Pearl Harbor". The legislature passed a resolution (House Concurrent Resolution 174) declaring the Supreme Court decision "null, void and of no force or effect".
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son, Jerome Johns, told his father that "effeminate instructors had perverted the curriculum." Other students identified professors as homosexuals for such flimsy reasons as observing them eating lunch together or wearing
1596:: A Guide to African American Resources in the Florida State Archives. Includes history and description of the state library's holdings of Florida Legislative Investigation Committee Records, 1954–1965, Series S 1486 .
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denying the Johns Committee access to their membership lists (which they had mailed out of state, for safekeeping). The committee also investigated the activities of other politically active organizations, such as the
1489:"Pork choppers, presidents, and perverts: the response of two university presidents to attacks on the privacy and academic freedom of professors by the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, 1956 to 1965"
807:"Pork choppers, presidents, and perverts: the response of two university presidents to attacks on the privacy and academic freedom of professors by the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, 1956 to 1965"
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popular issue (cleaning out homosexuals, thought to prey on children) the committee seized hold of. As Johns said in a 1972 interview, "If we saved one boy from being made homosexual, it was justified."
94:, who at the time were widely believed to be a threat to national security, as well as a threat to youth. Students and faculty were fired or forced to resign from Florida universities, especially the
1330:"Before the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee…" Transcript of testimony, Thursday, February 9, 1961. Tallahassee, Florida, The Legislature, 1961. One of the Johns Committee's publications.
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reported in 2019 that the committee "persecuted civil rights leaders, university professors, college students, public school teachers and state employees for imagined offenses against
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Stark, Bonnie. "McCarthyism in Florida: Charley Johns and the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, July, 1956 to July 1965." Thesis, University of South Florida, 1985.
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350:"Florida State University and the University of South Florida attempted to make things difficult for investigators. But the University of Florida and its president,
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complainants, seldom informed subjects of their legal or constitutional rights, and rarely offered them sufficient time to secure an attorney or prepare a defense.
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Jones, Jennifer Dominique (July 2018). "'Until I talked with you': Silence, Storytelling, and Black Sexual Intimacies in the Johns Committee Records, 1960–5".
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Once in Tampa , the committee singled out faculty for allegedly picking up on male students, scheduling speeches by "known communist sympathizers," teaching
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The Florida Legislative Investigation Committee and its Conflict with the Miami Chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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feelings. But time, and the new knowledge that others know about what went on in Florida some 40 years ago, makes those feelings a lot easier to bear.
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in 2019 introduced a resolution with "a formal and heartfelt apology". The resolution has not yet passed, and they do not expect immediate approval.
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Having failed to find communist ties to Florida civil rights organizations, to gain continued funding it began to focus on a more vulnerable target:
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27:(center) discusses plans to screen out homosexuals from employment in state government and colleges with B. R. Tilley (left), President of
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A Brief Unofficial History of Activities and Policies Affecting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgendered Persons at the University of Florida
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three times in an effort gain access to the membership records. The committee was further rebuffed when the NAACP got a ruling from the
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as part of the Independents' Film Festival in July 2002. The film earned a Louis Wolfson II Media History Center Film and Video Award.
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Striking Down Texas Law Against Same-Sex 'Sodomy,' Supreme Court Rights Egregious Wrong of 17 Years, Signaling New Era for Gay Rights
281:. Having the power to subpoena witnesses, take sworn testimony, and employ secret informants, the committee spread terror among the
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1337:. M.A. thesis, University of South Florida, 1995. Johns has published two articles, cited below, using information from his thesis.
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1362:"A Veritable Refuge for Practicing Homosexuals: The Johns Committee Persecution of Homosexuals at the University of South Florida"
659:. The documentary was nominated for two Suncoast Emmys for 2014 and was awarded an Emmy for Best Historical Documentary for 2014.
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population in state colleges, often using uniformed policemen to pull students and professors out of classes for interrogation.
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the committee surmised that USF's curriculum corrupted students through the use of "trashy and pornographic" works such as
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as part of the "In Our Backyards: Florida Filmmakers" screening in October 2001. The documentary was also screened at the
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One victim, University of Florida honors graduate Art Coppleston, described the experience of interrogation this way:
108:, rural legislators who dominated the Florida Legislature because of chronic misrepresentation, giving a city such as
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In a Six-to-Six Vote, Federal Appeals Court Declines to Reconsider Decision Upholding Florida’s Anti-Gay Adoption Law
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1364:. Vol. 13. Selected Annual Proceedings of the Florida Conference of Historians. pp. 25–36. Archived from
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Schnur, James A. (1997). "Closet Crusaders: The Johns Committee and Homophobia, 1956-1965". In Howard, John (ed.).
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McCarthyism in Florida: Charley Johns and the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, July, 1956 to July 1965
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Commonly referred to as the Johns Committee after its first chairman, state senator and former acting governor
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library, and may be available at other libraries as well; see the library's listing, with call numbers, at
851:"Reports of Investigators on Meetings of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Ku Klux Klan"
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Reports of Investigators on Meetings of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Ku Klux Klan
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Cold Warriors in the Hot Sunshine: The Johns Committee's Assault on Civil Liberties in Florida, 1956–1965
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Although his committee folded when the legislature withdrew funding, Johns remained proud of his work:
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1590:(the so-called Purple Pamphlet) at the Florida Heritage Collection, State University System of Florida
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157:, "but the Sovereignty Commission, bad as it was, lacked the Johns Committee's unrelenting cruelty."
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1441:, ed. Kari Frederickson and Jack Emerson Davis. University Press of Florida, 2003, pp. 229–45.
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Sullivan, Gerard. "Political Opportunism and the Harassment of Homosexuals in Florida, 1952–1965,"
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Florida Memory Project, Florida Department of State – Bureau of Archives & Records Management.
655:. It chronicles the legacy of FLIC and Charley Johns, and interviews some of the same figures from
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Not content with rooting out homosexuals, the Johns Committee's investigators also interfered with
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Gannon, Michael (2002). "Crises That Have Faced Florida from Statehood in 1845 to the Present".
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In 1961, the legislature directed the Johns Committee to broaden its investigations to include
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Criticism of the Johns Committee's work intensified after the 1964 publication of its report,
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and the "extent of infiltration into agencies supported by state funds," particularly at the
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One of the Johns Committee's first tasks was to investigate and punish faculty and staff at
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120:, the Pork Choppers came to an end, and with them the political power of Charley Johns.
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The Florida Legislative Investigation Committee has been called Florida's version of
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U. Florida student documentary exposes the state's anti-minority, anti-gay practices
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From Plantation to Corporation: The Attack on Tenure and Academic Freedom in Florida
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U. Florida student documentary exposes the state's anti-minority, anti-gay practices
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Grimm, Fred (February 24, 2019). "Committee's innocent victims deserve an apology".
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1602:(Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, Records, 1954–1965, Series S 1486),
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Poucher, Judith G. (Summer 2014). "The Johns Committee: A Historiographic Essay".
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Communists and Perverts under the Palms: The Johns Committee in Florida, 1956-1965
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Other printed or online sources discussing the activities of the Johns Committee:
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Communists and Perverts under the Palms: The Johns Committee in Florida, 1956-1965
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as fact and assigning "obscene" books of "intellectual garbage" like the classic
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State of Defiance: Challenging the Johns Committee's Assault on Civil Liberties.
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Bourbon, Pork Chops, and Red Peppers: Political Immorality in Florida, 1945–1968
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The Pain and the Promise: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Tallahassee, Florida
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in my life. If we saved one boy from being made homosexual, it was justified."
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And They Were Wonderful Teachers: Florida's Purge of Gay and Lesbian Teachers
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Poucher, Judith. "One Woman's Courage: Ruth Perry and the Johns Committee,"
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895:"Raising Her Voice: Ruth Perry, Activist and Journalist for the Miami NAACP"
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and that some faculty "were not qualified to teach" because they introduced
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Lonely Hunters: An Oral History Of Lesbian And Gay Southern Life, 1948-1968
767:"Interposition Resolution in Response to Brown v. Board of Education, 1957"
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35:, and A. E. Mikell (right), superintendent of the Levy County schools, 1963
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Queering the Redneck Riviera. Sexuality and the Origins of Florida Tourism
1201:, American Civil Liberties Union in Florida, press release, July 22, 2004.
1075:. Allyson Beutke, Behind Closed Doors, M.A. thesis, University of Florida.
1041:, American Civil Liberties Union in Florida, press release, June 26, 2003.
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Queering the Redneck Riviera. Sexuality and the Origins of Florida Tourism
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produced a film that continued work done by Beutke and others, entitled
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felt differently, however. When interviewed in 2000 for the documentary
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was a crime under Florida law at that time and remained so until the
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Crises That Have Faced Florida from Statehood in 1845 to the Present
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769:. Florida Memory. Archived from the original on December 15, 2011
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1520:"Cold Warriors in the Hot Sunshine: USF and the Johns Committee"
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169:, the origins of the committee are tied to the panic caused by
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Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, Tallahassee, 1964
933:. The Rubin O'D. Askew Institute. pp. 6–9. Archived from
116:. When the legislature was finally reapportioned, through the
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1107:"Behind Closed Doors. The Dark Legacy of the Johns Committee"
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http://www.galenfrysinger.com/000_florida_capitol_museum.htm
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during June 2002. It also aired on The Education Channel in
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Organizations that oppose LGBTQ rights in the United States
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Making Waves: Female Activists in Twentieth-Century Florida
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Democracy and the Economy in Florida at a Time of Crisis
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Democracy and the Economy in Florida at a Time of Crisis
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ordinance in 1977. Her victory there in 1978 helped the
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digitized by the University of South Florida Libraries.
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United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
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ruling in 2003. Admission of homosexuality constituted
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in 2004. A state court overturned the ban in 2010, in
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and was grounds for firing or expulsion from college.
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Privacy Jurisprudence and the Apartheid of the Closet
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The Johns Committee also investigated faculty at the
153:." The Johns Committee resembled the contemporaneous
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Anderson, Jennifer Paul; O'Brien, Thomas V. (2016).
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Anderson, Jennifer Paul; O'Brien, Thomas V. (2016).
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Anti-Communist committee that focused on homosexuals
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Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2014.
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479:Similar claims that unrestrained homosexuals would
175:, the Supreme Court's unanimous 1954 decision that
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1388:.] Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2012.
3971:Anti-communist organizations in the United States
3936:History of LGBT civil rights in the United States
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1351:. Thesis, Florida International University, 2002.
870:"The Tallahassee Bus Boycott — Fifty Years Later"
630:Tampa International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival
524:
3887:
1619:Works by other authors, in chronological order:
1410:, Vol. 24, No. 4, Summer 1997, pp. 703–888.
1700:: The Dark Legacy of the Johns Committee, 1999.
1677:The Tallahassee Bus Boycott — Fifty Years Later
1623:The Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
1135:"USF History 101 – The witch-hunt comes to USF"
608:student Allyson A. Beutke produced a half-hour
3758:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
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1318:The following printed sources are held by the
1262:http://galenf.com/FL/10/2013-10-07_fl_2430.jpg
1057:. New York University Press. pp. 132–163.
210:Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University
3966:White supremacist groups in the United States
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3187:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
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483:were later repeated and widely publicized by
378:
364:American Association of University Professors
2831:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
1344:. Thesis, University of South Florida, 1985.
112:the same weight in the legislature as rural
3545:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine
3060:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
1210:
844:
842:
840:
838:
507:, pass a bill prohibiting homosexuals from
220:of 1956–1957. The committee sought to find
41:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
3811:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
3050:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
1759:
1745:
1713:
1070:
1061:
949:
947:
861:
800:
798:
3101:Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire
2933:History of Christianity and homosexuality
1899:
1586:Homosexuality and Citizenship in Florida,
1172:
1170:
1002:
534:. They were used in researching the book
442:Advertisement for the Purple Pamphlet by
256:
3743:Discrimination against non-binary people
1673:, University of Florida, April 27, 2005.
1612:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
1418:Carryin' on in the Lesbian and Gay South
1399:, Vol. 41, No. 4, 1998, pp. 757–65.
1359:
1324:Race, Ethnicity, and Politics in Florida
1285:
1283:
1054:Carryin' on in the Lesbian and Gay South
953:
835:
692:Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission
675:Homosexuality and Citizenship in Florida
612:on the workings of the Johns Committee,
583:
453:Homosexuality and Citizenship in Florida
437:
239:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
155:Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission
18:
2908:History of gay men in the United States
1471:
1434:, Vol. 37, No. 4, 1999, pp. 57–81.
1185:
1073:"My Experiences During the Inquisition"
944:
892:
795:
713:
711:
709:
707:
505:a small group of North Florida senators
429:into their lectures in biology classes.
61:anti-Communist investigative committees
3888:
3259:List of LGBT rights articles by region
1517:
1289:
1179:"The University of Florida's Reaction"
1176:
1167:
1148:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1104:
1050:
1044:
988:"The University of Florida's Reaction"
985:
923:
578:House Un-American Activities Committee
160:
23:Johns Committee namesake and chairman
3561:
3455:
3207:
2880:
2288:
1898:
1802:
1740:
1542:
1461:. University of Illinois Press, 2009.
1444:
1294:. M.A. thesis, University of Florida.
1280:
1235:
1181:. M.A. thesis, University of Florida.
981:
979:
977:
867:
734:
717:
3901:Organizations disestablished in 1965
3831:Unlawfully killed transgender people
3816:Acts of violence against LGBT people
3791:Capital punishment for homosexuality
3275:Capital punishment for homosexuality
1494:American Educational History Journal
1155:Reflections on the John Allen Legacy
1132:
1109:. M.A. thesis, University of Florida
990:. M.A. thesis, University of Florida
812:American Educational History Journal
728:
704:
647:In 2011, a class of students at the
599:
3826:Violence against transgender people
3226:LGBT rights by country or territory
1408:Florida State University Law Review
1133:Huse, Andrew (September 24, 2003).
1121:
446:, a publisher of homosexual erotica
318:on campus. Investigator Strickland
196:Unsuccessful investigation of NAACP
13:
3356:Legal status of transgender people
2807:Legal status of transgender people
1313:
974:
917:
868:Smith, Charles U. (May 21, 2006).
433:
14:
3992:
3961:1965 disestablishments in Florida
3896:Organizations established in 1956
2438:Third sex / Third gender
1640:The Independent Florida Alligator
1574:
1020:The Independent Florida Alligator
886:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3460:— Medicine, science and sexology
3290:Criminalization of homosexuality
2592:Attraction to transgender people
1380:http://fch.ju.edu/fch_vol_13.pdf
899:The Florida Historical Quarterly
3738:Discrimination against lesbians
3670:Transgender people and religion
3485:Disability and LGBTQ identities
3044:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
1271:
1250:
1236:Brunk, Graham (July 25, 2018).
1229:
1215:. University Press of Florida.
1204:
1098:
1079:
1025:
960:. University Press of Florida.
576:, and a Florida version of the
51:in 1956, during the era of the
3956:1956 establishments in Florida
2860:Sexual practices between women
1211:Watkins III, Jerry T. (2018).
1164:, University of South Florida.
759:
525:Disbandment and sealed records
133:sensibilities.… Niceties like
29:St. Johns River Junior College
1:
3951:Political scandals in Florida
3926:Academia in the United States
3806:History of violence in the US
3801:History of violence in the UK
3285:Civil unions and partnerships
3155:Timeline of same-sex marriage
2856:Women who have sex with women
2836:Social construction of gender
1142:(University of South Florida)
697:
649:University of Central Florida
177:racial segregation in schools
145:were ignored.… They employed
3778:Violence against LGBT people
3679:Prejudice and discrimination
3495:Homosexuality and psychology
3172:Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014
3107:Florida orange juice boycott
2821:Sexual practices between men
2706:Erotic target location error
1475:Florida Historical Quarterly
1268:, retrieved August 10, 2015.
735:Rabby, Glenda Alice (1999).
541:
409:Another source states that:
216:college, for supporting the
118:Florida Constitution of 1968
7:
3540:Sexual orientation identity
3361:Transgender rights movement
2881:
2726:Gender and sexual diversity
2095:Queerplatonic relationships
1671:Gator Gay-Straight Alliance
1402:Eskridge, William N., Jr. "
1305:The Committee (Film) online
1290:Beutke, Allyson A. (2000).
1177:Beutke, Allyson A. (2000).
1105:Beutke, Allyson A. (1999).
986:Beutke, Allyson A. (1999).
743:University of Georgia Press
662:
466:. The report included such
387:on state college campuses:
373:University of South Florida
347:across the state, as well.
298:United States Supreme Court
279:University of South Florida
234:United States Supreme Court
189:Brown v. Board of Education
172:Brown v. Board of Education
10:
3997:
3716:Grooming conspiracy theory
3665:Homosexuality and religion
2938:History of same-sex unions
1667:The Johns Committee and UF
616:as her master's thesis in
379:Attack on academic freedom
3849:
3776:
3678:
3586:
3582:
3557:
3465:
3451:
3388:
3280:Censorship of LGBT issues
3267:
3224:
3220:
3203:
3145:
3028:
3020:First homosexual movement
2999:
2958:
2893:
2889:
2876:
2817:Men who have sex with men
2683:
2565:
2528:
2436:
2324:
2311:
2284:
2191:
2148:
1920:
1916:
1894:
1820:
1798:
1518:Schnur, James A. (2018).
1397:Sociological Perspectives
787:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
187:. Many Floridians viewed
47:) was established by the
3946:LGBTQ history in Florida
3648:Suicide among LGBT youth
3500:Homosexuality in the DSM
3137:Bar Abanicos police raid
3117:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
3090:Festival of Light action
3070:Compton's Cafeteria riot
2903:History of homosexuality
2364:Non-binary / genderqueer
2221:Gay flag of South Africa
1825:LGBT topics in education
1681:The Tallahassee Democrat
1451:Florida State University
1432:Journal of Homosexuality
1071:Coppleston, Art (2000).
954:Braukman, Stacy (2012).
893:Poucher, Judith (2006).
275:Florida State University
3655:Monuments and memorials
3643:Suicides of LGBT people
3380:Commonwealth of Nations
3212:Rights and legal issues
2851:Transgender health care
1661:primary source material
1657:The "Witch Hunt" at USF
1632:, James T. Sears, 1997.
1559:10.1111/1468-0424.12355
1445:Weitz, Seth A. (2007).
563:, Art Coppleston said:
218:Tallahassee bus boycott
79:groups, especially the
59:. Like the more famous
43:(commonly known as the
3976:1950s in LGBTQ history
3626:LGBT rights opposition
3535:Split attraction model
3038:Dance of the Forty-One
2949:Category:LGBTQ history
2918:LGBTQ history timeline
2826:Sex–gender distinction
2776:Human female sexuality
2110:Same-sex relationships
1659:an online exhibit and
1604:Florida Memory Project
1449:. Ph.D. dissertation,
1360:Bertwell, Dan (2006).
1243:South Florida Gay News
687:LGBT rights in Florida
570:
553:
477:
447:
431:
407:
369:
340:
331:
325:
257:Assault on homosexuals
245:, as well as both pro-
69:United States Congress
36:
3916:Government of Florida
3906:Civil rights movement
3413:LGBT rights activists
3390:LGBT rights movements
3370:Yogyakarta Principles
3329:Assisted reproduction
3307:Intersex human rights
3167:Russian anti-LGBT law
2913:History of lesbianism
2369:Queer heterosexuality
1320:University of Florida
882:on December 10, 2007.
634:Florida Film Festival
628:and was shown at the
606:University of Florida
588:State Representative
584:Resolution of apology
565:
548:
538:, published in 2018.
503:, still dominated by
472:
441:
411:
389:
360:
335:
326:
320:
271:University of Florida
96:University of Florida
77:Civil Rights Movement
22:
3696:Anti-gender movement
3132:Tasty nightclub raid
3080:Gay Liberation Front
2781:Human male sexuality
2652:Romantic orientation
2451:Balkan sworn virgins
2349:Gender nonconformity
1594:The Black Experience
1546:Gender & History
1427:. Basic Books, 1997.
1391:Elkins, Charles L. "
875:Tallahassee Democrat
857:on October 20, 2006.
620:. The film aired on
614:Behind Closed Doors,
167:Charley Eugene Johns
3911:Florida Legislature
3631:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
2741:Gender essentialism
2539:Sexual orientations
1705:Behind Closed Doors
1698:Behind Closed Doors
1580:Works by the FLIC:
1368:on February 5, 2018
657:Behind Closed Doors
561:Behind Closed Doors
501:Florida Legislature
491:campaign to repeal
416:The Grapes of Wrath
161:Legislative mandate
49:Florida Legislature
3921:History of Florida
3731:Liberal homophobia
3588:Societal attitudes
3566:Societal attitudes
3530:Conversion therapy
3458:Sexual orientation
3418:Rainbow capitalism
3408:LGBT rights groups
3317:Same-sex parenting
3268:LGBT rights topics
2981:pre-Columbian Peru
2657:Same gender loving
2303:Sexual diversities
1957:Bisexual community
1694:Documentary film:
1645:Gannon, Michael. "
1642:, October 2, 2000.
1628:2007-04-15 at the
1292:"Production Notes"
1197:2006-05-15 at the
1160:2007-02-11 at the
1091:2007-04-15 at the
1037:2007-09-28 at the
1014:2006-01-15 at the
618:mass communication
592:and State Senator
487:in her successful
448:
398:Catcher in the Rye
214:historically black
181:separate but equal
104:was leader of the
37:
3883:
3882:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3821:Stop Murder Music
3621:Gay panic defense
3601:Heteronormativity
3553:
3552:
3520:Prenatal hormones
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3334:Same-sex marriage
3295:decriminalization
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3161:Lawrence v. Texas
3095:White Night riots
3085:Handkerchief code
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2761:Gender transition
2751:Gender neutrality
2746:Gender expression
2731:Gender assignment
2679:
2678:
2530:Sexual identities
2524:
2523:
2298:Sexual identities
2293:Gender identities
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
1999:Awareness periods
1972:Community centers
1890:
1889:
1584:Complete text of
1464:Poucher, Judith.
1413:Schnur, James A.
1384:Braukman, Stacy.
1347:Wright, Devon A.
1333:Schnur, James A.
940:on June 15, 2007.
600:Documentary films
509:adopting children
489:Save Our Children
303:Lawrence v. Texas
3988:
3871:
3870:
3862:LGBTQ portal
3860:
3859:
3858:
3638:LGBT stereotypes
3606:Heteropatriarchy
3596:Amatonormativity
3584:
3583:
3559:
3558:
3525:Sexual inversion
3453:
3452:
3312:Military service
3222:
3221:
3205:
3204:
2928:Social movements
2891:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2632:Non-heterosexual
2535:
2534:
2322:
2321:
2313:
2312:
2286:
2285:
2261:Rainbow crossing
2100:Religious groups
2046:New queer cinema
1918:
1917:
1896:
1895:
1835:Lesbian feminism
1800:
1799:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1717:
1570:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1483:
1454:
1423:Sears, James T.
1377:
1375:
1373:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1256:A poster at the
1254:
1248:
1247:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1208:
1202:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1165:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1130:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1102:
1096:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1042:
1029:
1023:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
983:
972:
971:
951:
942:
941:
939:
932:
921:
915:
914:
890:
884:
883:
878:. Archived from
865:
859:
858:
853:. Archived from
846:
833:
828:
826:
824:
802:
793:
792:
786:
778:
776:
774:
763:
757:
756:
732:
726:
725:
715:
481:prey on children
385:academic freedom
185:unconstitutional
139:right to counsel
83:, and suspected
53:Second Red Scare
3996:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3856:
3854:
3837:
3786:Corrective rape
3772:
3674:
3611:Homonationalism
3578:
3549:
3461:
3439:
3384:
3375:La Francophonie
3344:List of couples
3302:Hate crime laws
3263:
3216:
3191:
3141:
3075:Stonewall riots
3024:
2995:
2991:Medieval Europe
2954:
2885:
2864:
2675:
2662:Sexual minority
2580:Gray asexuality
2561:
2520:
2432:
2317:Gender identity
2307:
2272:
2187:
2144:
1912:
1886:
1816:
1807:Academic fields
1794:
1765:
1683:, May 21, 2006.
1630:Wayback Machine
1577:
1533:
1531:
1524:Sunland Tribune
1511:Also available
1504:
1502:
1457:Graves, Karen.
1371:
1369:
1340:Stark, Bonnie.
1316:
1314:Further reading
1311:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1255:
1251:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1209:
1205:
1199:Wayback Machine
1190:
1186:
1175:
1168:
1162:Wayback Machine
1153:
1149:
1131:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1093:Wayback Machine
1084:
1080:
1069:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1039:Wayback Machine
1030:
1026:
1016:Wayback Machine
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
984:
975:
968:
952:
945:
937:
930:
922:
918:
891:
887:
866:
862:
847:
836:
829:Also available
822:
820:
803:
796:
780:
779:
772:
770:
765:
764:
760:
753:
745:. p. 201.
733:
729:
716:
705:
700:
665:
602:
586:
555:Victims of the
544:
527:
436:
434:Purple Pamphlet
422:Brave New World
381:
356:civil liberties
308:moral turpitude
259:
228:and subpoenaed
198:
163:
143:civil liberties
87:organizations.
65:McCarthy period
45:Johns Committee
17:
12:
11:
5:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
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3928:
3923:
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3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3881:
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3878:
3877:
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3850:
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3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
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3774:
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3410:
3405:
3403:Gay liberation
3400:
3394:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:United Nations
3363:
3358:
3353:
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3157:
3151:
3149:
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3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3112:Operation Soap
3109:
3104:
3097:
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3087:
3082:
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3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2976:Ancient Greece
2973:
2968:
2966:Adelphopoiesis
2962:
2960:
2959:Pre-modern era
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2940:
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2674:
2673:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:Heteroflexible
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2572:
2566:
2563:
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2238:
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2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2183:Rainbow plaque
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2158:Black triangle
2154:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
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2127:
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2117:
2112:
2107:
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3660:Queerbaiting
3515:Neuroscience
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3480:Demographics
3177:Rainbow wave
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3147:21st century
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3002:19th century
2986:Ancient Rome
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2696:Detransition
2669: /
2570:Aromanticism
2088:Pride parade
2016:Gay-friendly
1877:Queer theory
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1608:Ku Klux Klan
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3701:AIDS stigma
3616:Pinkwashing
3490:Environment
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3015:Section 377
3010:Molly house
2647:Questioning
2471:Femminiello
2401:Trans woman
2396:Transsexual
2379:Transgender
2268:Transgender
2193:Pride flags
2083:Pride Month
2051:Periodicals
2011:Gay village
1860:Transgender
1840:Linguistics
1780:transgender
1482:(1): 74–92.
1372:February 4,
610:documentary
594:Lauren Book
574:McCarthyism
532:Tallahassee
493:Dade County
460:pornography
444:Guild Press
267:homosexuals
251:anti-Castro
179:(allegedly
135:due process
92:homosexuals
3890:Categories
3726:Homophobia
3510:Klein Grid
3423:Separatism
3127:Section 28
3065:Sea queens
2792:Androgynos
2766:Healthcare
2701:Effeminacy
2627:Monosexual
2602:Bi-curious
2575:Asexuality
2557:Homosexual
2511:Two-spirit
2496:Mukhannath
2461:Faʻafafine
2428:Xenogender
2246:Non-binary
2026:Literature
1987:Drag queen
1967:Coming out
1962:Businesses
1867:Psychology
1845:Literature
1501:(1): 75–92
1140:The Oracle
819:(1): 75–92
773:October 6,
698:References
590:Evan Jenne
557:witch-hunt
518:In re Gill
497:gay rights
470:as these:
367:newspaper.
277:, and the
230:Ruth Perry
147:entrapment
3981:Red Scare
3711:Gayphobia
3691:Acephobia
3686:Arophobia
3570:Prejudice
3398:Homophile
3351:Socialism
2943:Pederasty
2923:Migration
2716:Ex-ex-gay
2637:Pansexual
2466:Fakaleitī
2391:Trans man
2384:Akava'ine
2339:Cisgender
2329:Androgyny
2251:Pansexual
2201:Aromantic
2130:Takatāpui
2056:Portrayal
1982:Drag king
1903:Community
1812:Discourse
1567:150352669
1534:April 18,
1505:April 16,
1113:April 15,
994:April 15,
823:April 16,
604:In 2000,
542:Aftermath
427:evolution
405:writers.
393:evolution
253:groups."
222:communist
151:blackmail
85:communist
73:academics
3874:Category
3706:Biphobia
3574:Violence
3339:Timeline
3322:Adoption
3239:Americas
3000:16th to
2786:Intersex
2691:Acronyms
2552:Bisexual
2506:Travesti
2406:Mak nyah
2231:Intersex
2216:Bisexual
1935:Literary
1776:bisexual
1626:Archived
1610:and the
1195:Archived
1158:Archived
1089:Archived
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1012:Archived
911:30150030
783:cite web
663:See also
283:closeted
241:and the
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3433:Lesbian
3254:Oceania
2883:History
2684:Related
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2612:Gay men
2547:Asexual
2481:Kathoey
2354:Khanith
2256:Rainbow
2241:Lesbian
2236:Leather
2226:Gay men
2206:Asexual
2163:Gaysper
2150:Symbols
2140:Tourism
2135:Theatre
2120:Slogans
1950:Lesbian
1925:Anthems
1908:Culture
1855:Lesbian
1768:Lesbian
1264:, from
638:Orlando
626:Florida
286:lesbian
137:or the
131:redneck
110:Orlando
67:in the
63:of the
33:Palatka
3748:Racism
3249:Europe
3234:Africa
3122:ACT UP
2846:Tomboy
2799:Tumtum
2721:Female
2711:Ex-gay
2597:Banjee
2516:Winkte
2374:Theyby
2173:Lambda
2168:Labrys
2125:Sports
2105:Rodeos
2068:People
1994:Events
1930:Awards
1792:topics
1712:
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294:Sodomy
247:Castro
183:) was
2642:Queer
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2413:Woman
2115:Slang
2078:Pride
2041:Films
2036:Media
2031:Music
2021:Icons
1941:Bars
1788:LGBTQ
1784:queer
1563:S2CID
938:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
907:JSTOR
642:Tampa
226:NAACP
203:NAACP
81:NAACP
3244:Asia
2812:Male
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2491:Māhū
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1782:and
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1710:IMDb
1536:2019
1513:here
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1374:2018
1217:ISBN
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996:2019
962:ISBN
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789:link
775:2022
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419:and
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288:and
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