Flags of the Confederate States of America

1986: 2862: 3178:. "A handful of contemporaries linked the new flag design to the "peculiar institution" that was at the heart of the South's economy, social system and polity: slavery. Bagby characterized the flag motif as the "Southern Cross" – the constellation, not a religious symbol – and hailed it for pointing 'the destiny of the Southern master and his African slave' southward to 'the banks of the Amazon,' a reference to the desire among many Southerners to expand Confederate territory into Latin America. In contrast, the Savannah, Ga., Morning News editor focused on the white field on which the Southern Cross was emblazoned. "As a people, we are fighting to maintain the heaven-ordained supremacy of the white man over the inferior or colored races. A White Flag would be thus emblematical of our cause." He dubbed the new flag "the White Man's Flag," a sobriquet that never gained traction." 2942: 410: 1362: 1239: 1902: 1698: 382: 396: 2485: 2713: 424: 175: 1752: 672: 7959: 1716: 91: 2881: 7920: 2775: 1734: 2410: 2608: 2317: 665: 2623: 2927: 2588: 826: 2437: 2332: 242: 1935: 2266: 2473: 2784: 2344: 1844: 1818: 2741: 2215: 1080: 1005: 1794: 679: 8023: 2725: 2912: 7933: 2386: 2356: 2653: 1479: 1953: 2371: 2897: 2422: 819: 1178: 2227: 2254: 982: 2191: 2961: 3735:

regions, and by an imperious law of nature, none but the black race can bear exposure to the tropical sun. These products have become necessities of the world, and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization. That blow has been long aimed at the institution and was at the point of reaching its consummation. No choice left us but submission to abolition's mandates, or a dissolution of the Union, whose principles had been subverted to work out our ruin. That we do not overstate the dangers to our institution, a reference to a few facts will sufficiently prove.

2242: 2203: 2290: 2012: 1034: 2278: 1155: 933: 1126: 903: 2461: 2449: 1287: 1869: 7999: 1263: 1397: 2673: 1057: 2305: 1215: 1498:(an upright or Latin cross) on a red field, with 15 white stars on the cross, representing the slave-holding states, and, on the red field, palmetto and crescent symbols. Miles received various feedback on this design, including a critique from Charles Moise, a self-described "Southerner of Jewish persuasion." Moise liked the design but asked that "... the symbol of a particular religion not be made the symbol of the nation." Taking this into account, Miles changed his flag, removing the palmetto and crescent, and substituting a heraldic 2638: 1103: 260: 193: 114: 2572: 1379: 2398: 1627: 2030:(see above), served from 1861 to 1863 as the Confederate Navy's first battle ensign. It was generally made with a 2:3 aspect ratio, but a few very wide 1:2 ratio ensigns still survive today in museums and private collections. As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of white stars on the ensign's dark blue canton: seven-, nine-, eleven-, and thirteen-star groupings were typical. Even a few fourteen- and fifteen-starred ensigns were made to include states expected to secede but never completely joined the Confederacy. 2693: 585:) flag, especially when it was hanging limply on its flagstaff. The "Stars and Bars" was also criticized on ideological grounds for its resemblance to the U.S. flag. Many Confederates disliked the Stars and Bars, seeing it as symbolic of a centralized federal power against which the Confederate states claimed to be seceding. As early as April 1861, a month after the flag's adoption, some were already criticizing the flag, calling it a "servile imitation" and a "detested parody" of the U.S. flag. In January 1862, 1309: 2556: 1346: 7907: 1414: 686: 7972: 1770: 1502:("X") for the upright cross. The number of stars was changed several times as well. He described these changes and his reasons for making them in early 1861. The diagonal cross was preferable, he wrote, because "it avoided the religious objection about the cross (from the Jews and many Protestant sects), because it did not stand out so conspicuously as if the cross had been placed upright thus." He also argued that the diagonal cross was "more Heraldric [ 5428: 8011: 693: 766:, "whose earlier penchant for practicality had established the precedent for visual distinctiveness on the battlefield, proposed that 'a good design for the national flag would be the present battle-flag as Union Jack, and the rest all white or all blue'... The final version of the second national flag, adopted May 1, 1863, did just this: it set the St. Andrew's Cross of stars in the Union Jack with the rest of the civilian banner entirely white." 5440: 770:

it for a national flag, but as simply as possible, with a plain white field. When Thompson received word the Congress had adopted the design with a blue stripe, he published an editorial on April 28 in opposition, writing that "the blue bar running up the center of the white field and joining with the right lower arm of the blue cross, is in bad taste, and utterly destructive of the symmetry and harmony of the design." Confederate Congressman

2058: 7946: 2541: 2169:, was raised by Letitia Tyler over the Alabama state capitol. The Congress inspected two other finalist designs on March 4: One was a "Blue ring or circle on a field of red", while the other consisted of alternating red and blue stripes with a blue canton containing stars. These two designs were lost, and we only know of them thanks to an 1872 letter sent by William Porcher Miles to P. G. T. Beauregard. 34: 959: 7284: 6776: 1462:. Miles described his rejected national flag design to Beauregard. Miles also told the Committee on the Flag and Seal about the general's complaints and request that the national flag be changed. The committee rejected the idea by a four-to-one vote, after which Beauregard proposed the idea of having two flags. He described the idea in a letter to his commanding General 4856:"Southern Confederacy" (Atlanta, Georgia), 5 Feb 1865, pg 2. Congressional, Richmond, 4 Feb: A bill to establish the flag of the Confederate States was adopted without opposition, and the flag was displayed in the Capitol today. The only change was a substitution of a red bar for one-half of the white field of the former flag, composing the flag's outer end. 2165:. The "Stars and Bars" flag was only selected by the Congress of March 4, 1861, the day of the deadline. The first flag was produced in rush, due to the date having already been selected to host an official flag-raising ceremony, W. P. Miles credited the speedy completion of the first "Stars and Bars" flag to "Fair and nimble fingers". This flag, made of 332:, particularly the battle flag, has continued amid philosophical, political, cultural, and racial controversy in the United States. These include flags displayed in states; cities, towns and counties; schools, colleges and universities; private organizations and associations; and individuals. The battle flag was also featured in the 3819:. "Some congressmen and newspaper editors favored making the Army of Northern Virginia battle flag (in a rectangular shape) itself the new national flag. But Beauregard and others felt the nation needed its own distinctive symbol, and so recommended that the Southern Cross be emblazoned in the corner of a white field." 1575:, and carried them throughout the Civil War. Beauregard gave a speech encouraging the soldiers to treat the new flag with honor and that it must never be surrendered. Many soldiers wrote home about the ceremony and the impression the flag had upon them, the "fighting colors" boosting morale after the confusion at the 2150:. This would serve to show the world the South was truly sovereign. Hundreds of examples were submitted from across the Confederate States and from states that were not yet part of Confederacy (e.g. Kentucky), and even from Union states (such as New York). Many of the proposed designs paid homage to the 873:

The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the flag of the Confederate States shall be as follows: The width two-thirds of its length, with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be in width three-fifths of the width of the flag, and so proportioned as to leave the length of

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over the inferior or colored race; a white flag would thus be emblematical of our cause." Most contemporary interpretations of the white area on the flag hold that it represented the purity of the secessionist cause. In a letter to Confederate Congressman C. J. Villeré, dated April 24, 1863, a design

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Those inspired by the Stars and Stripes were discounted almost immediately by the Committee due to mirroring the Union's flag too closely. While others were wildly different, many of which were very complex and extravagant, these were largely discounted due to the being too complicated and expensive

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The Confederate Congress debated whether the white field should have a blue stripe and whether it should be bordered in red. William Miles delivered a speech supporting the simple white design that was eventually approved. He argued that the battle flag must be used, but it was necessary to emblazon

733:. By 1863, it had become well-known and popular among those living in the Confederacy. The Confederate Congress specified that the new design be a white field "...with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be a square of two-thirds the width of the flag, having the ground red; thereupon a broad 2849:

poll in 2020 of more than 34,000 Americans reported that 41% viewed the flag as representing racism, and 34% viewed it as symbolizing southern heritage. A July 2021 Politico-Morning Consult poll of 1,996 registered voters reported that 47% viewed it as a symbol of Southern pride while 36% viewed it

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Miles' flag and all the flag designs up to that point were rectangular ("oblong") in shape. General Johnston suggested making it square to conserve material. Johnston also specified the various sizes to be used by different types of military units. Generals Beauregard and Johnston and Quartermaster

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I wrote to that we should have 'two' flags – a 'peace' or parade flag, and a 'war' flag to be used only on the field of battle – but congress having adjourned no action will be taken on the matter – How would it do us to address the War Dept. on the subject of Regimental or badge flags made of red

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caused confusion and military problems. Regiments carried flags to help commanders observe and assess battles in the warfare of the era. At a distance, the two national flags were hard to tell apart. Also, Confederate regiments carried many other flags, which added to the possibility of confusion.

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with a field of red. (Miles had originally planned to use a blue St. George's Cross like that of the South Carolina Sovereignty Flag, but was dissuaded from doing so.) Within the blue saltire were seven white stars, representing the current seven states of the Confederacy, two on each of the left

2037:, using a shorter 2:3 aspect ratio than the 1:2 ratio adopted by the Confederate Congress for the national flag. This particular battle ensign was the only example taken around the world, finally becoming the last Confederate flag lowered in the Civil War; this happened aboard the commerce raider 3294:

Confederates even showed their preoccupation with race in their flag. Civil War buffs know that 'the Confederate flag' waved today was never the Confederate States of America's official flag. Rather, it was the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia. During the war, the Confederacy adopted

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also objected to the flag, due to its aesthetic similarity to the U.S. flag, which for some Confederates had negative associations with emancipation and abolitionism. Thompson stated in April 1863 that he disliked the adopted flag "on account of its resemblance to that of the abolition despotism

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Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery—the greatest material interest of the world. Its labor supplies the product that constitutes the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth. These products are peculiar to the climate verging on the tropical

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William Porcher Miles, however, was not really happy with any of the proposals. He did not share in the nostalgia for the Union that many of his fellows Southerners felt, believing that the South's flag should be completely different from that of the North. To this end, he proposed his own flag

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that took place on February 4, 1861, a national flag was not selected by the Convention due to not having any proposals. President Jefferson Davis' inauguration took place under the 1861 state flag of Alabama, and the celebratory parade was led by a unit carrying the 1861 state flag of Georgia.

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introduced a new battle flag for the entire army. This flag bore a basic design similar to the one he had contributed to creating in Virginia in 1861 and had been commissioned in Mobile while he was in command in Mississippi in 1863. These flags for infantry and cavalry were to measure 37 by 54

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The second Confederate Navy Jack was a rectangular cousin of the Confederate Army's battle flag and was in use from 1863 until 1865. It existed in a variety of dimensions and sizes, despite the CSN's detailed naval regulations. The blue color of the diagonal saltire's "Southern Cross" was much

1676:, in use from 1861 to 1863, consisted of a circle of seven to fifteen five-pointed white stars against a field of "medium blue." It was flown forward aboard all Confederate warships while they were anchored in port. One seven-star jack still exists today (found aboard the captured ironclad 286:

A white rectangle, one-and-a-half times as wide as it is tall, a red vertical stripe on the far right of the rectangle, a red quadrilateral in the canton, inside the canton is a blue saltire with white outlining, with thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size inside the

533:. The committee asked the public to submit thoughts and ideas on the topic and was, as historian John M. Coski puts it, "overwhelmed by requests not to abandon the 'old flag' of the United States." Miles had already designed a flag that later became known as the Confederate 2791:

Though never having historically represented the Confederate States of America as a country, nor having been officially recognized as one of its national flags, the Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia and its variants are now flag types commonly referred to as

3408:, who called it 'the White Man's Flag' and argued that it represented 'the cause of a superior race and a higher civilization contending against ignorance, infidelity, and barbarism' – a bit of racist rhetoric that is plainly unacceptable in current public discourse. 506:, claims the "Stars and Bars" "was designed by a son of North Carolina / Orren Randolph Smith / and made under his direction by / Catherine Rebecca (Murphy) Winborne. / Forwarded to Montgomery, Ala. Feb 12, 1861, / Adopted by the Provisional Congress March 4, 1861". 2778:

An elongated version of the Battle Flag of the Army of Tennessee, and similar to The Second Confederate Navy Jack, in use from 1863 until 1865, although with the darker blue field of the Army's battle flag, and with a more elongated aspect ratio of 3:5 instead of

2154:, due to a nostalgia in early 1861 that many of the new Confederate citizens felt towards the Union. Some of the homages were outright mimicry, while others were less obviously inspired by the Stars and Stripes, yet were still intended to pay homage to that flag. 142:

Three horizontal stripes of equal height, alternating red and white, with a blue square two-thirds the height of the flag as the canton. Inside the canton are seven, eleven, or thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size, arranged in a circle and pointing

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Regardless of who truly originated the Stainless Banner's design, whether by heeding Thompson's editorials or Beauregard's letter, the Confederate Congress officially adopted the Stainless Banner on May 1, 1863. The flags that were actually produced by the

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Initial reaction to the second national flag was favorable, but over time it became criticized for being "too white." Military officers also voiced complaints about the flag being too white, for various reasons, such as the danger of being mistaken for a

2436: 344:, although it was removed by Georgia in 2003 and Mississippi in 2020. However, the new design of the Georgia flag still references the original "Stars and Bars" iteration of the Georgia flag. After the Georgia flag was changed in 2001, the city of 4797:

History of the Flag of the United States of America: And of the Naval and Yacht-Club Signals, Seals, and Arms, and Principal National Songs of the United States, with a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern

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For a plurality of Americans, the Confederate flag represents racism (41%). But for about one-third of Americans (34%) – particularly adults over 65, those living in rural communities, or non-college-educated white Americans – the flag symbolizes

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thereon, bordered with white and emblazoned with mullets or five pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States; the field to be white, except the outer half from the union to be a red bar extending the width of the

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observed that it was essentially a battle flag upon a flag of truce and might send a mixed message. Due to the flag's resemblance to one of truce, some Confederate soldiers cut off the flag's white portion, leaving only the canton.

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The Army of Northern Virginia battle flag assumed a prominent place post-war when it was adopted as the copyrighted emblem of the United Confederate Veterans. Its continued use by the Southern Army's post-war veteran's groups, the

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editor William Tappan Thompson, with assistance from William Ross Postell, a Confederate blockade runner, published an editorial championing a design featuring the battle flag on a white background he referred to later as "The

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three official flags. The first, sometimes called 'the Stars and Bars,' drew many objections 'on account of its resemblance to that of the abolition despotism against which we are fighting,' in the words of the editor of the

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and the South in general. The flag's stars represented the number of states in the Confederacy. The distance between the stars decreased as the number of states increased, reaching thirteen when the secessionist factions of

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Three versions of the flag of the Confederate States of America and the Confederate Battle Flag are shown on this printed poster from 1896. The "Stars and Bars" can be seen in the upper left. Standing at the center are

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wrote that he was "resolved then to have changed if possible, or to adopt for my command a 'Battle flag', which would be Entirely different from any State or Federal flag". He turned to his aide, who happened to be

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Neither state voted to secede or ever came under full Confederate control. Nonetheless both were still represented in the Confederate Congress and had Confederate shadow governments composed of deposed former state

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A white rectangle two times as wide as it is tall, a red quadrilateral in the canton, inside the canton is a blue saltire with white outlining, with thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size inside the

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Hundreds of proposed national flag designs were submitted to the Confederate Congress during competitions to find a First National flag (February–May 1861) and Second National flag (April 1862; April 1863).

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inches. The white edging cross was about 2 inches wide and was often filled with battle honors. The stars were from 3 ½ inches to 4, and a 6 inch wide cross. Flags for artillery 30 by 41 inches overall.

1524:, a red cross on a white field). James B. Walton submitted a battle flag design essentially identical to Miles' except with an upright Saint George's cross, but Beauregard chose the diagonal cross design. 1515:

as a white saltire on a blue field) had no special place in Southern iconography at the time. If Miles had not been eager to conciliate the Southern Jews, his flag would have used the traditional upright

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Over the course of the flag's use by the CSA, additional stars were added to the canton, eventually bringing the total number to thirteen-a reflection of the Confederacy's claims of having admitted the

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This design was suggested by William T. Thompson, editor of the Savannah (Ga.) Morning News, who, in an editorial published April 23, 1863, stated that through this design could be attained all the...

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Rogers lobbied successfully to have this alteration introduced in the Confederate Senate. Rogers defended his redesign as symbolizing the primary origins of the people of the Confederacy, with the

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Due to the timing, very few of these third national flags were actually manufactured and put into use in the field, with many Confederates never seeing the flag. Moreover, the ones made by the

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However, Miles' flag was not well received by the rest of the Congress. One Congressman even mocked it as looking "like a pair of Suspenders". Miles' flag lost out to the "Stars and Bars".

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The Committee began a competition to find a new national flag, with an unwritten deadline being that a national flag had to be adopted by March 4, 1861, the date of President Lincoln's

5344: 4410: 313:. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars", used from 1861 to 1863; the "Stainless Banner", used from 1863 to 1865; and the "Blood-Stained Banner", used in 1865 shortly before the 8043: 2587: 1475:

The flag that Miles had favored when he was chairman of the "Committee on the Flag and Seal" eventually became the battle flag and, ultimately, the Confederacy's most popular flag.

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Our Flag: Origin and Progress of the Flag of the United States of America, with an Introductory Account of the Symbols, Standards, Banners and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations

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This flag proposal was the first variant submitted by William T. Riddle of Eutaw, Alabama. Riddle submitted his flag proposals to Stephen Foster Hale on February 21, 1861.

3766: 2343: 2079: 2607: 757:'s Flag", a name which never caught on. In explaining the white background of his design, Thompson wrote, "As a people, we are fighting to maintain the Heaven-ordained 409: 7697: 6321: 6291: 5503: 423: 2838:, the name of the first national Confederate flag. The "rebel flag" is considered by some to be a highly divisive and polarizing symbol in the United States. A 2020 2834:, a constellation of the southern sky used on the coats of arms and flags of various countries and sub-national entities). It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as 2484: 2316: 7514: 7415: 6620: 6118: 6113: 5904: 5544: 2724: 1471:

with two blue bars crossing each other diagonally on which shall be introduced the stars, ... We would then on the field of battle know our friends from our Enemies.

381: 2226: 7751: 7529: 6850: 6192: 5402: 5317: 2421: 6376: 6246: 6227: 6143: 4674: 3883: 2370: 595:, wrote that many Confederates disliked the flag. "Everybody wants a new Confederate flag," Bagby wrote. "The present one is universally hated. It resembles the 2214: 7746: 3803:"Gen. Beauregard suggested the flag just adopted, or else a field of blue in place of the white." -"Letter from Richmond" by the Richmond correspondent of the 2637: 2355: 6815: 6153: 605:

expressed a similar view: "It seems to be generally agreed that the 'Stars and Bars' will never do for us. They resemble too closely the dishonored 'Flag of

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Although the officially designated design specified a rectangular canton, many of the flags that ended up being produced utilized a square-shaped canton.

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In addition to the Confederacy's national flags, a wide variety of flags and banners were flown by Southerners during the Civil War. Most famously, the "

2241: 2190: 1623:, as the birthplace of the Confederate battle flag was dedicated on April 12, 2008, near the intersection of Main and Oak Streets, in Fairfax, Virginia. 2926: 2787:

A square version of the Battle Flag of the Army of Tennessee, similar to the Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia, but without the white fringe.

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General Cabell approved the 12-star Confederate Battle Flag's design at the Ratcliffe home, which served briefly as Beauregard's headquarters, near

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By modern standards, the greatest flaw of the 'Stainless Banner' was its other popular nickname, bestowed by William T. Thompson, editor of the

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According to Museum of the Confederacy Director John Coski, Miles' design was inspired by one of the many "secessionist flags" flown at the

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Although the officially specified proportions were 1:2, many of the flags that actually ended up being produced used a 1.5:1 aspect ratio.

2507:" was used as an unofficial flag during the early months of 1861. It was flying above the Confederate batteries that first opened fire on 2277: 459:, with which Marschall would have been familiar. The original version of the flag featured a circle of seven white stars in the navy-blue 7481: 5701: 5609: 4552: 3675: 4911: 2842:

poll showed that 55% of Southerners saw the Confederate flag as a symbol of racism, with a similar percentage for Americans as a whole.

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in the Virginia capitol, May 12, 1863. As a result of this first usage, the flag received the alternate nickname of the "Jackson Flag".

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proposed the amendment that gave the flag its white field. Gray stated that the white field represented "purity, truth, and freedom."

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Many different designs were proposed during the solicitation for a second Confederate national flag, nearly all based on the

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used the square canton of the second national flag rather than the slightly rectangular one that was specified by the law.

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Rebel Flags Afloat: A Survey of the Surviving Flags of the Confederate States Navy, Revenue Service, and Merchant Marine

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and Western theaters of war. Besides, many military units had their own regimental flags they would carry into battle.

1589: 1585: 1361: 1349: 1186: 967: 866: 629: 571: 567: 555: 551: 4666: 3257: 1697: 539:, and he favored his flag over the "Stars and Bars" proposal. But given the popular support for a flag similar to the 8048: 7665: 7319: 7049: 7016: 6612: 5882: 5852: 5760: 4845: 4752: 4736: 4699: 4583: 2105: 1013: 990: 911: 480: 476: 472: 259: 192: 113: 7002: 3718: 2087: 51: 8073: 7874: 7504: 7150: 6981: 6711: 6033: 5815: 5539: 5332: 5253: 3926: 2718:

The ensign of the Confederate States Revenue Service, designed by H. P. Capers of South Carolina on April 10, 1861.

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the field on the side of the union twice the width of the field below it; to have the ground red and a broad blue

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and featured in the "Stainless Banner" and "Blood-Stained Banner" designs. Although this design was never a

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used the 1.5:1 ratio adopted for the Confederate navy's battle ensign, rather than the official 2:1 ratio.

337: 1508:] than Ecclesiastical, it being the 'saltire' of Heraldry, and significant of strength and progress." 8063: 7867: 7603: 7430: 7145: 7125: 6765: 6724: 6543: 6341: 5635: 5322: 4941: 4346: 3073:"Neither Arkansas nor Missouri enacted legislation to adopt an official State flag" (Cannon 2005, p. 48). 2994: 2868: 2774: 1829: 1597: 1293: 1269: 591: 7140: 2540: 1733: 7989: 7829: 7624: 7255: 7120: 6757: 6642: 6637: 6579: 6564: 6331: 6238: 5941: 5926: 5909: 5899: 5842: 5837: 5645: 5574: 5214: 4897: 4598: 3109: 3082:"On February 26, 1913, the (Arkansas) legislature made Miss Hocker's design the state's official flag." 2512: 2233: 1491: 1385: 1221: 855: 748:, and the matter of the person behind its design remains a point of contention. On April 23, 1863, the 582: 544: 356: 8003: 7976: 7712: 7702: 7687: 7610: 7489: 7263: 7090: 6920: 6904: 6770: 6705: 6497: 6487: 6326: 6276: 6174: 6128: 6003: 5337: 3092: 2594: 2151: 1612: 1564: 1545: 1533: 1532:

in September 1861. The 12th star represented Missouri. President Jefferson Davis arrived by train at

1442: 1368: 664: 540: 503: 491:. The "Stars and Bars" flag was adopted on March 4, 1861, in the first temporary national capital of 174: 1934: 7819: 7809: 7799: 7652: 7565: 7560: 7519: 7509: 7230: 7209: 7178: 7135: 7079: 6963: 6909: 6898: 6845: 6798: 6381: 6023: 6018: 5936: 5554: 5245: 5139: 4906: 4281: 4086: 3607:"Nicola Marschall: Excerpts from "The German Artist Who Designed the Confederate Flag and Uniform"" 2068: 1994: 1576: 1430: 1420: 578: 349: 4802: 4772: 1669:, and small boat ensigns, as well as commissioning pennants, designating flags, and signal flags. 1604:, (S.C.V.), and elements of the design by related similar female descendants organizations of the 640:, where slavery was still widely practiced. The first showing of the 13-star flag was outside the 7824: 7794: 7784: 7774: 7756: 7499: 7465: 7358: 7327: 7298: 7278: 7183: 7110: 7104: 7074: 7069: 6933: 6809: 6790: 6699: 6679: 6669: 6594: 6523: 6512: 6502: 6400: 6387: 6356: 6281: 6197: 6123: 5988: 5983: 5951: 5810: 5800: 5785: 5463: 5372: 5327: 4919: 3051: 3013: 2933: 2143:, who was also the Representative of South Carolina in the Confederate House of Representatives. 2072: 1968: 1658: 1541: 1517: 884: 825: 779: 614: 318: 4721: 7779: 7766: 7534: 7475: 7470: 7460: 7447: 7436: 7401: 7130: 7042: 6995: 6958: 6938: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6689: 6664: 6599: 6548: 6530: 6507: 6492: 6482: 6366: 6361: 6351: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6286: 6266: 6261: 6251: 6232: 6202: 6187: 6168: 6163: 6148: 6108: 6098: 5914: 5877: 5755: 5660: 5377: 5261: 5179: 5144: 2747: 2683: 2678:

George P. Gilliss flag, also known as the Biderman Flag, the only Confederate flag captured in

2377: 2337:

One of three finalist designs examined by Congress on March 4, 1861, lost out to Stars and Bars

4313: 3863: 2783: 1843: 1817: 703:

Second national flag (May 1, 1863 – March 4, 1865) as commonly manufactured, with a 3:2 ratio

7814: 7789: 7717: 7707: 7545: 7539: 7524: 7385: 7378: 7353: 7306: 7268: 7235: 7084: 7023: 7009: 6943: 6914: 6830: 6825: 6737: 6684: 6659: 6649: 6589: 6584: 6538: 6517: 6371: 6311: 6217: 6207: 6103: 5847: 5219: 5124: 5084: 3896: 3850: 3380: 3349: 3234: 3214: 3194: 3112:, the flag recommended by Senator Newman did see some limited use" (Cannon 2005, pp. 46-47). 2140: 1952: 1793: 1568: 1455: 1330: 1079: 678: 619: 518: 252: 185: 106: 4114: 1478: 577:

When the American Civil War broke out, the "Stars and Bars" confused the battlefield at the

8027: 7891: 7859: 7804: 7736: 7692: 7273: 7188: 7098: 7036: 6988: 6968: 6953: 6803: 6732: 6654: 6631: 6625: 6558: 6477: 6336: 6271: 6256: 5184: 5174: 5169: 5149: 4713: 2703: 2578: 2524: 2323: 2296: 1921: 1914: 1495: 1004: 586: 4210:(Report). Notes on Virginia. Virginia Department of Historic Resources. 2008. p. 71. 495:, and raised over the dome of that first Confederate capitol. Marschall also designed the 8: 7494: 7408: 7332: 7248: 7064: 6948: 6840: 6750: 6694: 6458: 6212: 6013: 5276: 5099: 5014: 4791: 4762: 4724:. (Eighty-page, all Confederate naval flags issue of "The Flag Bulletin," magazine #115.) 3351:

Stevens-Davis and allied families: a memorial volume of history, biography, and genealogy

2135:

Realizing that they quickly needed a national banner to represent their sovereignty, the

1868: 1450: 1318: 942: 916: 763: 645: 492: 341: 4795: 4766: 3923:

Documentary history of the flag and seal of the Confederate States of America, 1861-1865

3614: 818: 241: 6820: 6437: 5741: 5524: 5134: 5129: 5004: 4053: 3587: 3096: 2952: 2751: 2731: 2699: 2520: 2362: 1677: 1643: 1572: 1482:

The South Carolina sovereignty/secession flag is said to have inspired the battle flag.

1463: 1434: 1177: 601: 543:("the Stars and Stripes" – originally established and designed in June 1777 during the 463:, representing the seven states of the South that originally composed the Confederacy: 310: 4838:

The South's Finest: The First Missouri Confederate Brigade From Pea Ridge to Vicksburg

4483:"Majority Of Southerners Now View The Confederate Flag As A Racist Symbol, Poll Finds" 4224: 981: 317:'s dissolution. A rejected national flag design was also used as a battle flag by the 6423: 5439: 5224: 5189: 5094: 5069: 4841: 4825: 4806: 4776: 4748: 4732: 4717: 4695: 4644: 4623: 4602: 4579: 4319: 4041: 4031: 3902: 3482: 3441: 3386: 3273: 3263: 2805: 2528: 2415:

A Confederate flag proposal by Hamilton Coupes that was submitted on February 1, 1861

2034: 1910: 1661:

adopted and used several types of flags, banners, and pennants aboard all CSN ships:

1639: 1631: 1620: 1529: 1396: 1314: 3790:

Bonner, Robert E., "Flag Culture and the Consolidation of Confederate Nationalism."

2011: 1536:

soon after and was shown the design for the new battle flag at the Ratcliffe House.

1154: 1125: 1033: 798:

The first official use of the "Stainless Banner" was to drape the coffin of General

7644: 5519: 5412: 5239: 5209: 5159: 5114: 5104: 5089: 5079: 5064: 5044: 5019: 5009: 4999: 4946: 2966: 2887: 2562: 2504: 1881: 1512: 1334: 847: 741:

or five-pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States."

448: 364: 345: 151: 3259:

The Confederate and Neo Confederate Reader: The Great Truth about the 'Lost Cause'

2271:

William Porcher Miles' flag proposal, ancestor flag of the Confederate Battle Flag

1056: 932: 902: 8015: 6860: 6090: 5443: 5229: 5204: 5109: 5049: 5024: 4994: 4984: 4872: 4638: 4617: 4288: 3667: 3583: 3253: 3021: 2984: 2979: 2903: 2801: 1648: 1521: 1378: 1326: 1245: 758: 738: 707: 456: 452: 1626: 1615:". It was sometimes called "Beauregard's flag" or "the Virginia battle flag". A 1345: 1308: 1102: 7937: 7911: 6451: 6444: 5498: 5164: 5119: 5059: 5034: 4989: 3671: 2516: 2428: 2038: 1544:

made prototypes. One such 12-star flag resides in the collection of Richmond's

851: 790:, especially on naval ships where it was too easily soiled. The Columbia-based 599:

flag, and that is enough to make it unutterably detestable." The editor of the

530: 4891: 4553:"National Tracking Poll #2107045 / July 09-12, 2021 / Crosstabulation Results" 4457:"Trump keeps fighting a Confederate flag battle many supporters have conceded" 1274: 1250: 1226: 8037: 7950: 7924: 6469: 5589: 5392: 5310: 5194: 5074: 5039: 4867: 4810: 4780: 4743:

Martinez, James Michael; Richardson, William Donald; McNinch-Su, Ron (2000).

4186: 4045: 3711: 3277: 2659: 2598: 1666: 1560: 1322: 771: 685: 649: 606: 460: 355:

It is estimated that 500–544 flags were captured during the civil war by the

322: 4538:"American Electorate Continues to Favor Leaving Confederate Relics in Place" 4225:"2008 Virginia Marker Dedication: Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag" 4140:, p. 5: "describes the 15 stars and the debate on religious symbolism." 2349:

Second of three finalists in the Confederate First national flag competition

1769: 869:

near the very end of the War, describes the flag in the following language:

655: 5706: 5670: 5367: 5266: 5199: 5154: 5054: 3665: 3520:"Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 32., Confederate States' flags" 3281: 2162: 1961: 1885: 1877: 803: 754: 95:

First national flag of the Confederate States of America, with seven stars.

2767:

For use of Confederate symbols in modern society and popular culture, see

1413: 809: 7849: 5765: 2508: 2174: 2127:

When the Confederate States of America was founded during the Montgomery

1778: 1673: 1662: 1553: 762:

similar to the flag which was eventually created was proposed by General

716: 550:

As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of stars: two were added for

526: 370: 4253: 4013: 1683:) that is actually "dark blue" in color (see illustration below, left). 5790: 5594: 5534: 1802: 1537: 1338: 787: 692: 3895:

Martinez, J. Michael; Richardson, William D.; McNinch-Su, Ron (2000).

648:; the 13-star design was also in use as the Confederate navy's battle 5650: 3262:. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. p. 13. 1852: 1826: 4822:

Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War

3024:". But it was a nickname that never gained traction with the public. 2057: 1611:

The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the

1579:. From then on, the battle flag grew in its identification with the 2917: 1140: 1019: 836:

Third national flag as commonly manufactured, with a square canton

637: 633: 4747:. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. pp. 284–285. 4278:

North & South – The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society

2259:

Confederate First national flag proposal by John Sansom of Alabama

7852:(dependent) territories, disputed states and/or former countries. 5455: 4801:(2nd revised ed.). Boston: A. Williams and Company. p. 3426:"The Second Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)" 1499: 875: 843: 734: 444: 439:

The Confederacy's first official national flag, often called the

3467:"The Third Confederate National Flag (Flags of the Confederacy)" 3382:

Atlanta Rising: The Invention of an International City 1946–1996

2196:

First variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand of Savannah, Georgia

325:, it is the most commonly recognized symbol of the Confederacy. 4886: 4315:

Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices

3668:"First Confederate Flag and Its Designer O.R. Smith, Louisburg" 2846: 2797: 2746:

Flag variant with 12 stars that served as the Garrison Flag of

2166: 1511:

According to Coski, the Saint Andrew's Cross (also used on the

596: 352:

nearly identical to the previous version with the battle flag.

3865:

Saving the Union: My Days with Lincoln and Stanton (Annotated)

3666:

Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina. (March 19, 2010).

854:, and having "as little as possible of the Yankee blue" — the 700:

Second national flag (May 1, 1863 – March 4, 1865), 2:1 ratio

547:), the "Stars and Bars" design was approved by the committee. 443:, flew from March 4, 1861, to May 1, 1863. It was designed by 3316:"What you should know about the Confederate flag's evolution" 2817: 2247:

L. P. Honour's second variant of First national flag proposal

246:

The third national flag of the Confederate States of America.

179:

The second national flag of the Confederate States of America

7889: 4742: 4619:

The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem

4442:"Confederate flag removed: A history of the divisive symbol" 3894: 2178:

arms, one of each of the right arms, and one in the middle.

5487: 3099:. . . places the arms on a red field" (Cannon 2005, p. 39). 2831: 712:

Variant captured following the Battle of Painesville, 1865

4280:, Volume 11, Number 2, Page 30, Retrieved April 16, 2010, 3749:"Confederate battle flag: Separating the myths from facts" 2796:. This design has become commonly regarded as a symbol of 2427:

The Confederate national flag proposal of Irene Riddle of

958: 4824:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. 4729:

The Confederate Flag, American Symbols and Their Meanings

3752: 2527:" was also carried by Confederate troops fighting in the 1504: 59: 8044:

1861 establishments in the Confederate States of America

4840:. Shippensburg, Pennsylvania: White Mane Publishing Co. 4576:

Colors and Blood: Flag Passions of the Confederate South

3640:. Vol. 3. Appleton & Company. pp. 584–585. 2730:

Flag flown by Confederate Missouri regiments during the

2139:

set up the Committee on Flag and Seal. The chairman was

55: 4694:. Osprey Men-At-War Series. Osprey Publishing Company. 4411:"Why the Confederate Flag Made a 20th Century Comeback" 1851:

A 12-star first Confederate Navy ensign of the gunboat

3638:

Appletons' Cyclopedia of American Biography, 1600-1889

3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 2886:

Jefferson Davis State Historic Site & Museum. The

2666:). Flag officially used: September 1860 – Summer, 1861 1559:

On November 28, 1861, Confederate soldiers in General

706:

A 12-star variant of the Stainless Banner produced in

309:

have a history of three successive designs during the

7987: 4293: 2220:

Flag proposal submitted by the "Ladies of Charleston"

2161:

The winner of the competition was Nicola Marschall's

1960:

Admiral's Rank flag of Franklin Buchanan, flown from

613:' will become the Southern Flag by popular acclaim." 4595:

The Flags of the Confederacy: An Illustrated History

4439: 4066: 4014:"Don Healy's Native American Flags: Choctaw Nation." 3978:

John D. Wright, The Language of the Civil War, p.284

3948:

Journal of the Confederate Congress, Volume 6, p.477

3322:. No. June 23, 2015. California. Archived from 3248: 3246: 3244: 3054:

is said to have designed the first Confederate flag.

1801:

The 9-star first Naval ensign of the paddle steamer

1458:, the former chairman of the Confederate Congress's 4550: 3309: 3307: 3162: 3091:"A surviving Georgia flag in the collection of the 4509:"What the Confederate flag means in America today" 2232:First variant of flag proposal by L. P. Honour of 737:of blue, bordered with white, and emblazoned with 4373:"'The Confederate Battle Flag': Clashing Symbols" 4205:37 New Historical Markers for Virginia's Roadways 3830:"Letter of Beauregard to Villere, April 24, 1863" 3701: 3699: 3697: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3241: 2826:(not to be confused with another use of the term 2391:Flag proposal by Eugene Wythe Baylor of Louisiana 1333:, and various Confederate army officers, such as 330:private and official use of the Confederate flags 8035: 4212:B-261: Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag 3545:"Returned Flags Booklet, 1905 | A State Divided" 3469:. Archived from the original on January 30, 2009 3428:. Archived from the original on February 9, 2009 3343: 3341: 3304: 2490:Congressman Swan's Amendment to Senate Bill №132 2403:Flag proposal submitted by "H" of South Carolina 2376:Confederate flag proposal by Thomas H. Hobbs of 2361:Confederate flag proposal by E. G. Carpenter of 2322:Flag proposal submitted by an unknown person of 2122: 2033:The second national flag was later adapted as a 1942:Digital recreation of Admiral Buchanan's pennant 4689: 3719:"The Declarations of Causes of Seceding States" 1567:received the new battle flags in ceremonies at 656:Second flag: the "Stainless Banner" (1863–1865) 558:in May 1861, followed by two more representing 4692:Flags of the American Civil War 1: Confederate 3694: 3495: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 2137:Provisional Congress of the Confederate States 1993:Confederate naval flag, captured when General 7875: 5471: 4927: 4745:Confederate Symbols in the Contemporary South 3898:Confederate Symbols in the Contemporary South 3746: 3572:. The Encyclopedia of Alabama. April 25, 2011 3338: 3252: 2808:, especially in the Southern United States. 2769:Modern display of the Confederate battle flag 1759:The second Confederate Navy ensign, 1863–1865 810:Third flag: the "Blood-Stained Banner" (1865) 54:. Consider transferring direct quotations to 21:modern display of the Confederate battle flag 4247: 4245: 4026:Healy, Donald T.; Orenski, Peter J. (2003). 4025: 3374: 3372: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3188: 3186: 3184: 2283:John G. Gaines' First national flag proposal 2208:Second variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand 2044:in Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1865. 1723:The first Confederate Navy ensign, 1861–1863 371:First flag: the "Stars and Bars" (1861–1863) 4305: 4187:"Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag" 3901:. University Press of Florida. p. 98. 3676:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3313: 3145: 3126: 2967:Surrender flag of Army of Northern Virginia 2581:" used in the Western theaters of operation 2086:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2026:The first national flag, also known as the 1741:The second Confederate Navy Jack, 1863–1865 8054:Flags of the Confederate States of America 7882: 7868: 5478: 5464: 4934: 4920: 4084: 4058:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2047: 1705:The first Confederate Navy Jack, 1861–1863 1687:lighter than the battle flag's dark blue. 1204:Indian Territory in the American Civil War 833:Third national flag (after March 4, 1865) 581:because of its similarity to the U.S. (or 307:flags of the Confederate States of America 4690:Katcher, Phillip; Scollins, Rick (1993). 4370: 4364: 4242: 4104: 3369: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3201: 3181: 2173:design featuring a blue saltire on white 2106:Learn how and when to remove this message 1617:Virginia Department of Historic Resources 134:December 10, 1861 (final 13-star version) 4943:Flags of the U.S. states and territories 4876:) is being considered for deletion. See 3861: 3590:artist, Marschall would have known well. 3461: 3459: 3457: 3232: 3213:Thompson, William T. (April 28, 1863). " 3212: 3193:Thompson, William T. (April 23, 1863). " 3192: 2932:Confederate National Flag captured from 2782: 2773: 2643:A Polk's Corps-style Battle Flag of the 1625: 1477: 1344: 1307: 4506: 4480: 4311: 4087:"The Reason Behind the 'Stars and Bars" 3862:Townsend, Edward D. (August 25, 2017). 3600: 3598: 3586:European nation of Austria, which as a 3420: 3418: 3416: 1777:The second Navy Ensign of the ironclad 1494:of December 1860. That flag was a blue 8036: 5398:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 4964:Flags of counties of the United States 4835: 4790: 4761: 4592: 4573: 4454: 4440:The Associated Press (July 10, 2015). 4408: 4299: 4072: 3221: 3156: 3139: 2698:The "Sibley Flag", Battle Flag of the 1825:The 11-star ensign of the Confederate 7863: 5459: 4915: 4677:from the original on November 7, 2019 4667:"The Birth of the 'Stainless Banner'" 4664: 4636: 4615: 4396: 4173: 4161: 4149: 4137: 4125: 4110: 3987: 3966: 3936: 3846: 3816: 3794:, Vol. 68, No. 2 (May 2002), 318–319. 3705: 3688: 3506: 3454: 3378: 3233:Thompson, William T. (May 4, 1863). " 3175: 45:too many or overly lengthy quotations 4959:Flags of cities of the United States 4507:Sanders, Linley (January 13, 2020). 3604: 3595: 3413: 3347: 2084:adding citations to reliable sources 2051: 865:The Flag Act of 1865, passed by the 132:March 4, 1861 (first 7-star version) 27: 8069:Lists of flags of the United States 4481:Reimann, Nicholas (July 15, 2020). 3605:Hume, Edgar Erskine (August 1940). 3582:The flag does resemble that of the 3348:Wood, Marie Stevens Walker (1957). 2295:Flag proposal by J. M. Jennings of 1884:, flown as ensign of his flagship, 1606:United Daughters of the Confederacy 1488:South Carolina secession convention 1197: 617:, the editor of the Savannah-based 13: 5485: 4903:Symbols of Battle: Civil War Flags 4593:Cannon, Devereaux D. Jr. (2005) . 4371:McWhorter, Diane (April 3, 2005). 4251: 3653:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography 2949:11th Mississippi Infantry Regiment 2645:10th Mississippi Infantry Regiment 2613:7-star First national flag of the 2019:Ensign of the Louisiana State Navy 1325:, surrounded by bust portraits of 566:in July, and finally two more for 14: 8085: 4880:to help reach a consensus. › 4859: 4258:Historical Flags of Our Ancestors 3379:Allen, Frederick (May 25, 1996). 431:(December 10, 1861 – May 1, 1863) 8021: 8009: 7997: 7970: 7957: 7944: 7931: 7918: 7905: 7581:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6154:Democratic Republic of the Congo 5438: 5427: 5426: 4771:. Albany: Joel Munsell. p. 4731:. Mason Crest Publishers, 2002. 3314:Kim, Kyle; Krishnakumar, Priya. 2959: 2940: 2925: 2910: 2895: 2879: 2860: 2739: 2723: 2711: 2691: 2671: 2651: 2636: 2621: 2606: 2586: 2570: 2554: 2539: 2498: 2483: 2471: 2459: 2447: 2435: 2420: 2408: 2396: 2384: 2369: 2354: 2342: 2330: 2315: 2303: 2288: 2276: 2264: 2252: 2240: 2225: 2213: 2201: 2189: 2056: 2010: 1984: 1951: 1933: 1900: 1867: 1842: 1816: 1792: 1768: 1750: 1732: 1714: 1696: 1550:Confederate Memorial Hall Museum 1412: 1395: 1377: 1360: 1285: 1261: 1237: 1213: 1176: 1153: 1124: 1101: 1078: 1055: 1032: 1003: 980: 957: 931: 901: 824: 817: 730: 691: 684: 677: 670: 663: 624:against which we are fighting." 610: 535: 511:Provisional Confederate Congress 422: 408: 394: 380: 328:Since the end of the Civil War, 258: 240: 191: 173: 112: 89: 32: 19:For the contemporary usage, see 4836:Tucker, Phillip Thomas (1993). 4785:as a people we are fighting to. 4665:Coski, John M. (May 13, 2013). 4544: 4530: 4500: 4474: 4448: 4433: 4409:Little, Becky (June 26, 2015). 4402: 4390: 4339: 4271: 4217: 4197: 4179: 4167: 4155: 4143: 4131: 4119: 4078: 4019: 4007: 3993: 3981: 3972: 3960: 3951: 3942: 3930: 3915: 3888: 3872: 3855: 3840: 3822: 3810: 3797: 3784: 3759: 3747:Ben Brumfield (June 24, 2015). 3740: 3682: 3659: 3644: 3629: 3562: 3537: 3512: 3108:"Despite . . . inaction of the 3102: 3085: 3076: 3067: 3057: 3045: 3036: 3027: 3007: 2615:Confederate States Marine Corps 1975:during the Battle of Mobile Bay 1438: 8059:Flags with blue, red and white 7688:Federated States of Micronesia 6424:Australian Antarctic Territory 5301:Federated States of Micronesia 4578:. Princeton University Press. 4455:Nguyen, Tina (July 18, 2020). 4191:The Historical Marker Database 2990:Seal of the Confederate States 2762: 2630:First Corps, Army of Tennessee 1652: 1460:Committee on the Flag and Seal 1303: 890: 850:flag and the red bar from the 515:Committee of the Flag and Seal 455:, and is said to resemble the 1: 5656:Border and Coast Guard Forces 5345:Unofficial flags of the USMOI 4865: 4001:"Arkansas Secretary of State" 3836:. Richmond, VA. May 13, 1863. 3655:. Vol. III. p. 196. 3256:; Sebesta, Edward H. (2010). 3119: 2902:Confederate National flag of 2664:1st Regiment Alabama Infantry 2658:The first battle flag of the 2123:First National flag proposals 1437:, the similarity between the 1404:Army of the Trans-Mississippi 800:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson 509:One of the first acts of the 359:. The flags were sent to the 80:Confederate States of America 5781:Olympics and the Paralympics 5712:Pilot boat flags and ensigns 4969:Timeline of U.S. state flags 4643:. Harvard University Press. 4622:. Harvard University Press. 4318:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 114. 3385:. Taylor Trade. p. 67. 2565:"—an unofficial flag in 1861 2548:Knights of the Golden Circle 2310:Samuel White's flag proposal 1971:and also flown from the CSS 1967:during the first day of the 1602:Sons of Confederate Veterans 1402:The battle flag used by the 1352:reunion in New Orleans, 1903 417:(July 2 – November 28, 1861) 7: 6438:Chilean Antarctic Territory 6431:British Antarctic Territory 5771:International Organizations 4949:, other political divisions 4640:The Confederate Battle Flag 4551:Morning Consult; Politico. 4016:Retrieved January 15, 2014. 3792:Journal of Southern History 3406:Savannah Daily Morning News 2995:Red flag (American slavery) 2973: 2869:United Confederate Veterans 1672:The first Confederate Navy 1638:To boost the morale of the 1598:United Confederate Veterans 1294:1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles 835: 832: 714: 711: 705: 702: 699: 609:' ... we imagine that the ' 592:Southern Literary Messenger 10: 8090: 7416:cities, towns and villages 5403:Ryukyu Islands (1950–1972) 5373:Philippines (Commonwealth) 4815:William Ross Postell Flag. 4599:Pelican Publishing Company 4566: 4254:"American Civil War Flags" 3957:Richmond Whig, May 5, 1863 3767:"Confederate Flag History" 3611:The American-German Review 3022:supremacy of the white man 2853: 2766: 2234:Charleston, South Carolina 1449:After the battle, General 1201: 759:supremacy of the white man 744:The flag is also known as 234:"The Blood-Stained Banner" 18: 7899: 7842: 7765: 7643: 7446: 6859: 6468: 6399: 6089: 6082: 6057: 5828: 5809: 5729: 5689: 5623: 5512: 5494: 5421: 5353: 5290: 5252: 5238: 4977: 4954: 4907:Google Cultural Institute 4893:Battle Colors of Arkansas 3487:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3446:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3093:Museum of the Confederacy 2595:Army of Northern Virginia 1613:Army of Northern Virginia 1565:Army of Northern Virginia 1546:Museum of the Confederacy 1369:Army of Northern Virginia 504:Louisburg, North Carolina 299: 291: 282: 274: 266: 251: 239: 232: 228: 224: 215: 207: 199: 184: 172: 165: 161: 157: 147: 138: 128: 120: 105: 100: 88: 84: 8049:Flags introduced in 1861 6139:Central African Republic 5272:Northern Mariana Islands 4878:templates for discussion 4716:, 1986, Winchester, MA. 3807:, May 5, 1863, p.1, c.1. 3000: 2811:It is also known as the 1577:Battle of First Manassas 1548:and the other is in the 1431:First Battle of Manassas 1421:Army of Central Kentucky 579:First Battle of Bull Run 497:Confederate army uniform 389:(March 4 – May 18, 1861) 52:summarize the quotations 8074:Obsolete national flags 7673:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5717:Yacht flags and ensigns 5702:Civil and Merchant Navy 5600:State flags and ensigns 5561:Former sovereign states 5413:West Florida (Republic) 4637:Coski, John M. (2009). 4616:Coski, John M. (2005). 4574:Bonner, Robert (2002). 4312:Chapman, Roger (2011). 4030:. Norman. p. 211. 3921:Raphael Prosper Thian, 3052:Catherine Stratton Ladd 3016:, editor of Savannah's 3014:William Tappan Thompson 2850:as a symbol of racism. 2702:, commanded by General 2048:National flag proposals 1969:Battle of Hampton Roads 1659:Confederate States Navy 1600:(U.C.V.) and the later 1386:Forrest's Cavalry Corps 1367:The Battle Flag of the 885:Richmond Clothing Depot 780:Richmond Clothing Depot 502:A monument that was in 429:Last flag with 13 stars 403:(May 18 – July 2, 1861) 387:First flag with 7 stars 7597:states and territories 7313:autonomous communities 6929:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5651:Air Forces Fin Flashes 5636:Army and Ground Forces 4351:Anti-Defamation League 4287:July 14, 2011, at the 2873:Sponsor souvenir album 2788: 2780: 2748:Vicksburg, Mississippi 2378:Chattanooga, Tennessee 1635: 1483: 1473: 1353: 1342: 1292:National Color of the 881: 792:Daily South Carolinian 167:"The Stainless Banner" 16:Flag from 1861 to 1865 7571:Saint Kitts and Nevis 7431:Vatican City/Holy See 6317:São Tomé and Príncipe 6159:Republic of the Congo 5761:Dependent territories 5610:Special and fictional 5378:California (Republic) 4028:Native American flags 3878:William Parker Snow, 3524:www.perseus.tufts.edu 3297:Savannah Morning News 3237:". Savannah, Georgia. 3217:". Savannah, Georgia. 3197:". Savannah, Georgia. 3110:Tennessee legislature 2786: 2777: 2478:Flag proposed in 1863 2466:Flag proposed in 1863 2454:Flag proposed in 1862 2163:"Stars and Bars" flag 2141:William Porcher Miles 1629: 1592:joined in late 1861. 1563:'s newly reorganized 1481: 1468: 1456:William Porcher Miles 1350:Cherokee Confederates 1348: 1311: 871: 750:Savannah Morning News 519:William Porcher Miles 295:Maj. Arthur L. Rogers 7892:Six flags over Texas 7482:lieutenant governors 6836:United Arab Emirates 6417:Argentine Antarctica 5737:Country subdivisions 5568:Formerly independent 5333:Iroquois Confederacy 4792:Preble, George Henry 4763:Preble, George Henry 4714:Flag Research Center 4708:Madaus, H. Michael. 4282:"The Stars and Bars" 3880:Lee and His Generals 3284:on December 13, 2013 2920:of the Emmett Rifles 2794:the Confederate Flag 2704:Henry Hopkins Sibley 2579:Van Dorn battle flag 2525:Van Dorn battle flag 2324:Louisville, Kentucky 2297:Lowndesboro, Alabama 2080:improve this section 1922:Battle of Mobile Bay 1518:Saint George's Cross 994:(September 13, 1861) 867:Confederate congress 856:Union Army wore blue 746:the Stainless Banner 587:George William Bagby 101:"The Stars and Bars" 7586:Trinidad and Tobago 7456:Antigua and Barbuda 5666:Ministry of Defense 5646:Air Forces Roundels 5282:U.S. Virgin Islands 4415:National Geographic 4091:Teachinghistory.org 3651:"Ladd, Catherine". 3636:"Ladd, Catherine". 2947:Battle flag of the 1909:Pennant of Admiral 1634:, Late 1863 To 1865 1630:Battle Flag of the 1540:and her sister and 1530:Fairfax Court House 1451:P. G. T. Beauregard 1443:"Stars and Stripes" 1419:Battle flag of the 1319:P. G. T. Beauregard 1046:(February 11, 1861) 764:P. G. T. Beauregard 646:Bardstown, Kentucky 615:William T. Thompson 493:Montgomery, Alabama 81: 8064:Flags with cantons 8004:American Civil War 7964:Confederate States 7505:Dominican Republic 7216:personal standards 7195:naval and maritime 5520:African derivative 5408:Vermont (Republic) 5363:Confederate States 5297:Associated states 4671:The New York Times 4421:on August 15, 2019 4377:The New York Times 4347:"Confederate Flag" 3805:Charleston Mercury 3570:"Nicola Marschall" 3235:Daily Morning News 3215:Daily Morning News 3195:Daily Morning News 3159:, pp. 523–525 3142:, pp. 414–417 3018:Daily Morning News 2836:the Stars and Bars 2789: 2781: 2752:Vicksburg campaign 2732:Vicksburg campaign 2700:Army of New Mexico 2601:Headquarters Flag" 2363:Cassville, Georgia 1636: 1573:Manassas, Virginia 1520:" (as used on the 1484: 1464:Joseph E. Johnston 1435:Manassas, Virginia 1354: 1343: 1331:Alexander Stephens 1167:(January 25, 1839) 1115:(January 26, 1861) 948:(January 11, 1861) 922:(January 11, 1861) 721:Southern Gibraltar 620:Daily Morning News 602:Charleston Mercury 589:, writing for the 513:was to create the 415:Flag with 11 stars 311:American Civil War 79: 7985: 7984: 7951:Republic of Texas 7857: 7856: 7838: 7837: 6183:Equatorial Guinea 6078: 6077: 6065:Non-quadrilateral 5725: 5724: 5453: 5452: 5388:Panama Canal Zone 5383:Maine (1901–1909) 4883:Confederate Flags 4830:978-1-4696-4972-6 4820:Silkenat, David. 4650:978-0-674-02986-6 4629:978-0-674-01722-1 4608:978-1-565-54109-2 4325:978-0-7656-2250-1 4229:FairfaxRifles.org 4037:978-0-8061-5575-3 3908:978-0-8130-1758-7 3549:PBS LearningMedia 3392:978-1-4616-6167-2 3320:Los Angeles Times 3269:978-1-60473-219-1 2806:white nationalism 2529:Trans-Mississippi 2152:Stars and Stripes 2116: 2115: 2108: 1911:Franklin Buchanan 1640:Army of Tennessee 1632:Army of Tennessee 1621:Fairfax, Virginia 1619:marker declaring 1496:St George's Cross 1315:Stonewall Jackson 940:Flag of Alabama ( 860:Confederates gray 840: 839: 727: 726: 715:Garrison Flag of 642:Ben Johnson House 545:Revolutionary War 525:congressman, and 447:-American artist 401:Flag with 9 stars 303: 302: 77: 76: 8081: 8026: 8025: 8024: 8014: 8013: 8012: 8002: 8001: 8000: 7993: 7975: 7974: 7973: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7949: 7948: 7947: 7936: 7935: 7934: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7910: 7909: 7908: 7884: 7877: 7870: 7861: 7860: 7732:Papua New Guinea 7703:Marshall Islands 7666:Christmas Island 7395:Northern Ireland 7242:federal subjects 7017:Pays de la Loire 6744:federal subjects 6725:coastwise emblem 6087: 6086: 5826: 5825: 5621: 5620: 5555:Historical flags 5545:Date of Adoption 5480: 5473: 5466: 5457: 5456: 5442: 5430: 5429: 5393:Texas (Republic) 5306:Marshall Islands 5246:Washington, D.C. 5240:Federal district 4947:federal district 4936: 4929: 4922: 4913: 4912: 4894: 4851: 4817: 4787: 4758: 4727:Marcovitz, Hal. 4705: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4633: 4612: 4589: 4560: 4559: 4557: 4548: 4542: 4541: 4540:. 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Archived from 3254:Loewen, James W. 3250: 3239: 3238: 3230: 3219: 3218: 3210: 3199: 3198: 3190: 3179: 3173: 3160: 3154: 3143: 3137: 3113: 3106: 3100: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3025: 3011: 2963: 2944: 2929: 2914: 2899: 2890:is on the right. 2888:Bonnie Blue Flag 2883: 2864: 2743: 2727: 2715: 2695: 2675: 2655: 2640: 2625: 2610: 2590: 2574: 2563:Bonnie Blue Flag 2558: 2543: 2505:Bonnie Blue Flag 2487: 2475: 2463: 2451: 2439: 2424: 2412: 2400: 2388: 2373: 2358: 2346: 2334: 2319: 2307: 2292: 2280: 2268: 2256: 2244: 2229: 2217: 2205: 2193: 2111: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2091: 2060: 2052: 2014: 1988: 1955: 1937: 1924:, August 5, 1864 1904: 1882:William F. 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7223:municipalities 7219: 7207: 7206: 7205: 7198: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7171:municipalities 7167: 7160: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7101: 7096: 7095: 7094: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7057:municipalities 7053: 7046: 7034: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7020: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6985: 6978: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6949:Czech Republic 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6865: 6863: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6787: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6735: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6721: 6709: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6613:municipalities 6609: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6568: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6535: 6534: 6527: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6474: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6455: 6448: 6445:Peter I Island 6441: 6434: 6427: 6420: 6413: 6405: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6095: 6093: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5915:Saints banners 5912: 5907: 5905:Cross of Trier 5897: 5892: 5891: 5890: 5888:by combination 5885: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5834: 5832: 5823: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5730:Other entities 5727: 5726: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5627: 5625: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5578: 5571: 5564: 5552: 5550:Heads of state 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5516: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5506: 5504:Reference list 5501: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5483: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5460: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5435: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5359: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5347: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5318:Tribal nations 5315: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5294: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5262:American Samoa 5258: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5244: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5180:South Carolina 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5145:North Carolina 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4987: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4939: 4938: 4931: 4924: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4900: 4889: 4861: 4860:External links 4858: 4853: 4852: 4846: 4833: 4818: 4788: 4759: 4753: 4740: 4725: 4706: 4700: 4687: 4662: 4649: 4634: 4628: 4613: 4607: 4590: 4584: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4558:. p. 176. 4543: 4529: 4499: 4473: 4447: 4444:. Oregon Live. 4432: 4401: 4389: 4363: 4338: 4324: 4304: 4302:, p. 122. 4292: 4270: 4252:Loeser, Pete. 4241: 4216: 4196: 4178: 4166: 4154: 4152:, pp. 6–8 4142: 4130: 4118: 4103: 4077: 4065: 4036: 4018: 4006: 3992: 3980: 3971: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3929: 3914: 3907: 3887: 3871: 3854: 3839: 3834:Daily Dispatch 3821: 3809: 3796: 3783: 3758: 3739: 3710: 3693: 3691:, pp. 4–5 3681: 3672:Wilson Library 3658: 3643: 3628: 3594: 3561: 3536: 3511: 3494: 3453: 3412: 3391: 3368: 3337: 3303: 3268: 3240: 3220: 3200: 3180: 3161: 3144: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3101: 3084: 3075: 3066: 3056: 3044: 3035: 3026: 3005: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2965: 2958: 2956: 2946: 2939: 2937: 2931: 2924: 2922: 2916: 2909: 2907: 2901: 2894: 2892: 2885: 2878: 2876: 2866: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2828:Southern Cross 2824:Southern cross 2764: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2745: 2738: 2736: 2729: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2710: 2708: 2697: 2690: 2688: 2677: 2670: 2668: 2657: 2650: 2648: 2642: 2635: 2633: 2627: 2620: 2618: 2612: 2605: 2603: 2592: 2585: 2583: 2576: 2569: 2567: 2560: 2553: 2551: 2545: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2519:beginning the 2517:South Carolina 2500: 2497: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2434: 2432: 2429:Eutaw, Alabama 2426: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2383: 2381: 2375: 2368: 2366: 2360: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2329: 2327: 2321: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2302: 2300: 2294: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2239: 2237: 2231: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2124: 2121: 2114: 2113: 2096:September 2021 2064: 2062: 2055: 2049: 2046: 2028:Stars and Bars 2024: 2023: 2017: 2009: 2008: 2007: 2005: 1991: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1958: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1940: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1907: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1874: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1849: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1823: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1799: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1787: 1775: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1763: 1757: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1739: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1727: 1721: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1709: 1703: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1657:The fledgling 1654: 1651: 1418: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1401: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1383: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1366: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1305: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1291: 1284: 1282: 1267: 1260: 1258: 1243: 1236: 1234: 1222:Choctaw Nation 1219: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1202:Main article: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1183: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1160: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1131: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1119: 1112:South Carolina 1108: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1089:North Carolina 1085: 1077: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1062: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1039: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1010: 1002: 1001: 1000: 998: 987: 979: 978: 977: 975: 964: 956: 955: 954: 952: 938: 930: 929: 928: 926: 908: 900: 899: 898: 895: 892: 889: 852:flag of France 838: 837: 834: 830: 829: 822: 811: 808: 725: 724: 713: 710: 704: 701: 697: 696: 689: 682: 675: 668: 657: 654: 564:North Carolina 531:South Carolina 465:South Carolina 441:Stars and Bars 434: 433: 428: 421: 419: 414: 407: 405: 400: 393: 391: 386: 379: 376: 375: 374: 372: 369: 361:War Department 301: 300: 297: 296: 293: 289: 288: 284: 280: 279: 276: 272: 271: 268: 264: 263: 257:National flag 255: 249: 248: 245: 237: 236: 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 217: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 201: 197: 196: 190:National flag 188: 182: 181: 178: 170: 169: 163: 162: 159: 158: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 111:National flag 109: 103: 102: 98: 97: 94: 86: 85: 75: 74: 40: 38: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8086: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8039: 8029: 8028:North America 8019: 8017: 8007: 8005: 7995: 7994: 7991: 7978: 7977:United States 7967: 7965: 7954: 7952: 7941: 7939: 7938:Mexican Texas 7928: 7926: 7925:Spanish Texas 7915: 7913: 7902: 7901: 7898: 7893: 7885: 7880: 7878: 7873: 7871: 7866: 7865: 7862: 7851: 7850:non-sovereign 7847: 7841: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7767:South America 7764: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7726: 7725: 7721: 7720: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7682: 7681: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7670: 7668: 7667: 7663: 7661: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7642: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7601: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7593: 7592: 7591:United States 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7448:North America 7445: 7439: 7438: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7425: 7424: 7420: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7411: 7410: 7406: 7404: 7403: 7399: 7397: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7387: 7383: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7336: 7335: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7322: 7321: 7317: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7309: 7308: 7305: 7301: 7300: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7225: 7224: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7212: 7211: 7208: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7166: 7165: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7116:Liechtenstein 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7106: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7093: 7092: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7026: 7025: 7024:French Empire 7021: 7019: 7018: 7014: 7012: 7011: 7007: 7005: 7004: 7003:Île-de-France 7000: 6998: 6997: 6993: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6977: 6976: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6923: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6759: 6755: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6726: 6722: 6720: 6719: 6715: 6714: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 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6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6223:Guinea-Bissau 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6085: 6081: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5728: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5671:Naval ensigns 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513:State-related 5511: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5481: 5476: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5436: 5434: 5433: 5424: 5423: 5420: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5352: 5346: 5343: 5339: 5338:Navajo Nation 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5220:West Virginia 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5125:New Hampshire 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5085:Massachusetts 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4932: 4930: 4925: 4923: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4890: 4888: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4863: 4857: 4849: 4847:0-942597-31-1 4843: 4839: 4834: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4754:0-8130-1758-0 4750: 4746: 4741: 4738: 4737:1-59084-035-6 4734: 4730: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4701:1-85532-270-6 4697: 4693: 4688: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4663: 4652: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4585:0-691-11949-X 4581: 4577: 4572: 4571: 4554: 4547: 4539: 4533: 4526: 4514: 4510: 4503: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4436: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4405: 4399:, pp. 58 4398: 4393: 4378: 4374: 4367: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4327: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4308: 4301: 4296: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4246: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4175: 4170: 4163: 4158: 4151: 4146: 4139: 4134: 4127: 4122: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4075:, p. 64. 4074: 4069: 4061: 4055: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4015: 4010: 4002: 3996: 3989: 3984: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3954: 3945: 3938: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3918: 3910: 3904: 3900: 3899: 3891: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3867: 3866: 3858: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3835: 3831: 3825: 3818: 3813: 3806: 3800: 3793: 3787: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3736: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3707: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3690: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3662: 3654: 3647: 3639: 3632: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3601: 3599: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3571: 3565: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3508: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3490: 3484: 3468: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3427: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3409: 3407: 3394: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3375: 3373: 3365: 3353: 3352: 3344: 3342: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3310: 3308: 3300: 3298: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3249: 3247: 3245: 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Lee 2596: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2542: 2537: 2536: 2532: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2499:Flag variants 2486: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2462: 2457: 2450: 2445: 2438: 2433: 2430: 2423: 2418: 2411: 2406: 2399: 2394: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2372: 2367: 2364: 2357: 2352: 2345: 2340: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2318: 2313: 2306: 2301: 2298: 2291: 2286: 2279: 2274: 2267: 2262: 2255: 2250: 2243: 2238: 2235: 2228: 2223: 2216: 2211: 2204: 2199: 2192: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2170: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2120: 2110: 2107: 2099: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2065:This section 2063: 2059: 2054: 2053: 2045: 2043: 2042: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2020: 2013: 2006: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1987: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1965: 1954: 1947: 1943: 1936: 1929: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1912: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1883: 1879: 1870: 1863: 1859: 1857: 1856: 1845: 1838: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1828: 1819: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1795: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1771: 1764: 1760: 1753: 1746: 1742: 1735: 1728: 1724: 1717: 1710: 1706: 1699: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1650: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1633: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1561:Robert E. Lee 1557: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1506: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1422: 1415: 1405: 1398: 1387: 1380: 1370: 1363: 1351: 1347: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1323:Robert E. Lee 1320: 1316: 1310: 1295: 1288: 1283: 1276: 1271: 1264: 1259: 1252: 1247: 1240: 1235: 1228: 1223: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1191: 1188: 1179: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1156: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1142: 1136: 1127: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1104: 1097: 1093: 1090: 1081: 1074: 1070: 1067: 1058: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1035: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1021: 1015: 1006: 999: 995: 992: 983: 976: 972: 969: 960: 953: 949: 945: 944: 934: 927: 923: 919: 918: 913: 904: 897: 896: 894: 888: 886: 880: 877: 870: 868: 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 831: 827: 823: 820: 816: 815: 807: 805: 801: 796: 793: 789: 788:flag of truce 783: 781: 775: 773: 772:Peter W. Gray 767: 765: 760: 756: 751: 747: 742: 740: 736: 732: 722: 718: 709: 698: 694: 690: 687: 683: 680: 676: 673: 669: 666: 662: 661: 653: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 630:border states 625: 622: 621: 616: 612: 608: 607:Yankee Doodle 604: 603: 598: 594: 593: 588: 584: 580: 575: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 548: 546: 542: 538: 537: 532: 528: 524: 520: 517:, chaired by 516: 512: 507: 505: 500: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 425: 420: 411: 406: 397: 392: 383: 378: 377: 368: 366: 362: 358: 353: 351: 348:, has used a 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 326: 324: 323:national flag 320: 316: 312: 308: 298: 294: 290: 285: 281: 278:March 4, 1865 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 256: 254: 250: 243: 238: 235: 231: 227: 223: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 189: 187: 183: 176: 171: 168: 164: 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 141: 137: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 110: 108: 104: 99: 92: 87: 83: 71: 61: 57: 53: 47: 46: 41:This article 39: 30: 29: 26: 22: 7963: 7912:French Texas 7845: 7722: 7678: 7671: 7664: 7657: 7631: 7630: 7623: 7618:armed forces 7616: 7609: 7602: 7595: 7551: 7544: 7480: 7435: 7421: 7414: 7407: 7400: 7393: 7384: 7377: 7363: 7344: 7337: 7318: 7311: 7297: 7290: 7285:Soviet Union 7283: 7256:Russian Navy 7254: 7247: 7240: 7221: 7214: 7202:voivodeships 7200: 7193: 7169: 7162: 7155: 7103: 7089: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7022: 7015: 7008: 7001: 6994: 6987: 6980: 6973: 6919: 6897: 6888: 6831:Turkmenistan 6808: 6789: 6782: 6777:Soviet Union 6775: 6766:Saudi Arabia 6758:Russian Navy 6756: 6749: 6742: 6723: 6716: 6704: 6630: 6611: 6604: 6572:armed forces 6570: 6563: 6529: 6522: 6457: 6450: 6443: 6436: 6429: 6422: 6415: 6408: 6386: 6342:South Africa 6332:Sierra Leone 6237: 6175:Governorates 6173: 6119:Burkina Faso 5952:Inscriptions 5942:Geographical 5843:Astronomical 5776:Micronations 5746: 5707:Civil ensign 5631:Armed Forces 5615:Unrecognized 5580: 5573: 5566: 5559: 5437: 5425: 5362: 5277:Puerto Rico 5185:South Dakota 5175:Rhode Island 5170:Pennsylvania 5150:North Dakota 4871: 4855: 4837: 4821: 4814: 4796: 4784: 4767: 4744: 4728: 4709: 4691: 4679:. 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