First Battle of the Jordan

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evening; about 50 of them walking. The last convoy of wounded which left Amman at 23:00 found 20 camels carrying wounded which had begun their journey six hours earlier, bogged and exhausted at Suweileh. Nine of them were unable to move and ambulance personnel were left to attend to the wounded throughout the night. By daylight, light horse troopers warned them that the Ottoman cavalry was close. Five camels managed to continue but the remaining four were too exhausted. Of the eight wounded, six were placed on horses, but two who appeared to be mortally wounded were left behind when Ottoman cavalry got between the covering party and the ambulance men and began firing on the group. All escaped but the two seriously wounded and three men of the 2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance mounted on donkeys who were taken prisoner. Only one of these men survived to the end of the war; the other two dying in captivity.

2134:(2.4 km) in the rear. Advanced dressing stations were established about 3 miles (4.8 km) behind these aid posts; sand carts making the journey in three to six hours. Between some dressing stations and the nearest clearing station on the Es Salt to Amman road, wounded had to be transported 10 miles (16 km) on cacolet camels or strapped to their horses. A divisional collecting station was established 6 miles (9.7 km) further back at Birket umm Amud to which wounded were carried in cacolet camels; the journey taking between six and seven hours. Horse-drawn ambulances then took wounded back to the Jordan Valley. In the rear of these divisional collecting stations, the road through Suweileh and Es Salt to El Howeij 5 miles (8.0 km) was passable by wheeled transport and the remainder of the journey to Jericho was in motor ambulances. 2046:

another German approaching the lines was shot and a cavalry patrol of three men were "accounted for." The 2nd Light Horse Brigade advanced to the north of the Es Salt to Amman road capturing prisoners in the village of Suweileh and 30 German lorries were found bogged on the road from Es Salt, 21 of the derelict lorries were destroyed. As soon as it was dark a special patrol of a troop of the Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment set out to cut the railway line to the south of Amman. They rode 10 miles (16 km) there and back in darkness and pouring rain, successfully blowing up a section of railway line south of Amman. A similar group from the 2nd Light Horse Brigade attempted to wreck the line north of Amman but was unsuccessful although a two-arched bridge on the railway north of Amman was destroyed.

2428:

position overlooking Kasr el Yehud. An attempt was made by the 4th Squadron to capture Shunet Nimrin while the 3rd Squadron succeeded in capturing the high ground overlooking Ghoraniyeh aided by Lieutenant Collins' troop which attacked mounted and captured two guns and ten prisoners. The remainder of the Squadron routed the Ottoman soldiers allowing the Royal Engineers to start work on a bridge. By nightfall artillery and supplies were crossing the river at Ghoraniyeh while the remainder of the Anzac Mounted Division crossed the river at Makhadet Hajleh. The 3rd Squadron later joined the 4th attacking Shunet Nimrin but the position was too strongly held and they were forced to retire under artillery fire in lines of troop columns at irregular internals.

71: 312: 301: 279: 1613:. This rail line ran from Damascus southwards through eastern Syria 60 miles (97 km) east of Jerusalem all the way to Medina. By destroying the tunnel and viaduct which would be difficult to repair, the rail line could be cut for a considerable period of time and the Ottoman forces to the south would be isolated. Ottoman Army pressure on the Arab forces operating in the Ma'an area would be reduced and Allenby hoped Shea's attack would encourage the recall of a large Ottoman force which had occupied Tafila in March. Despite the extended front Shea's force would be operating on far from reinforcements, resistance to the attack was expected to be light. 214: 1699: 1750: 290: 202: 1849: 2295: 2212: 1872:

Regiment's 3rd Squadron galloped into them capturing a machine gun and turning it on the escaping Ottoman soldiers. By noon they had reached the eastern back of Ghoraniyeh. This bold attack on Ghoraniyeh coincided with a successful attempt by infantry in the 60th (London) Division to cross the river; they soon had their pontoon bridge across and by nightfall were beginning to cross the river in numbers. During these engagements the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment galloped down detachments of Ottoman infantry and cavalry capturing 68 prisoners and four machine guns.

2065:

viaduct and tunnel while another 2,000 Ottoman soldiers moved towards Es Salt from the north. An additional 15,000 German and Ottoman troops with 15 guns reinforced Amman, while at dawn on 27 March two British infantry battalions of the 181st Brigade, left Es Salt to reinforce the two brigades of the Anzac Mounted Division (commanded by Chaytor) and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade with three mountain gun batteries, in their attack on Amman. The British infantry reinforcements were delayed near Suweileh by local fighting between Circassians and Arabs, while a

150: 1435: 2151: 1939: 256: 245: 234: 1774:, commander of XX Corps, expressed his concerns regarding the state of the Jordan River in a letter to Allenby on 18 March 1918, when he described the heavy rain and the resulting rise in the river's height and his concerns that these may threaten the viability of Transjordan operations. The unusually heavy March rains caused the Jordan River to flood forcing a postponement of operations for two days during which the weather improved slightly and the river dropped back to within its banks. 137: 123: 267: 163: 189: 1561: 176: 2291:

retreat. Shea's force had expended 587,338 rounds of small-arms ammunition (SAA), brought back four field guns, 700 prisoners including 20 officers and 595 other ranks along with 10 machine guns two automatic rifles, 207 rifles and 248,000 rounds of SAA. The German and Ottoman forces abandoned two travelling field cookers, 26 motor lorries, five motor cars and many horse-drawn wagons on the Amman road and an Ottoman aircraft was captured on the Hejaz railway.

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close range with a variety of firearms they wounded men and horses; horses rearing up, bolted, screaming joined the numerous riderless horses galloping across the hillsides. Remnants of the 2nd Squadron galloped clear of the village, dismounted and counter-attacked with the other two squadrons attacking from the ridges above the village. They rushed the mill and its occupants were killed. No prisoners were taken; the 2nd Squadron suffered 18 casualties.

2438:

before being forced by Ottoman units to withdraw back to the Umm esh Shert line covering the entrance to the track to Es Salt, up which the 3rd Light Horse Regiment had advanced to occupy Es Salt. Until 2 April (when they formed part of the rearguard), the 1st and 2nd Light Horse Regiments supported by artillery and a L. A. M. Battery, defended the line covering the Umm esh Shert track from increasingly strong Ottoman forces which crossed the river at

2199:

Station and a bridge blown up, and that the object of the raid had been achieved by cutting the Hejaz Railway. He took this decision despite the principal objective of destroying the large viaduct at Amman, had not been achieved. But it was increasingly less likely that it could be as Chaytor's force began to have difficulty defending itself from strong German and Ottoman counter-attacks. Chaytor's force was therefore ordered to withdraw to Es Salt.

1342:

unfriendly terrain. Although the combined force of infantry and mounted troops made a determined attack on Amman, Shea was forced to retreat to the Jordan Valley from both Amman and Es Salt when it became clear the defenders were too strong, making it extremely difficult, if not impossible to achieve the operation's objective. The only territorial gains following the offensive were the establishment of bridgeheads on the eastern side of the river.

2005: 1993: 1655:

In reserve at the Amman railway station were the 46th Assault Company from the infantry's 46th Division. Part of the 150th Regiment (48th Division) garrisoned Amman and part of the regiment guarded the railway to the north and south of the city. One battalion of this regiment and one battalion of the 159th Regiment with some Circassian irregular cavalry, guarded the region towards the Jordan River between Es Salt and

1972: 2017:

the south of Shunet Nimrin. From the Jordan River at 1,200 feet (370 m) below sea level, the road to Naaur 16 miles (26 km) away rises 4,300 feet (1,300 m); the country was a maze of rocky hills intersected by deep ravines. The head of the mounted force reached the top at about 02:00 on 25 March but was stretched out in single file for about 8 miles (13 km) along the side of the mountains.

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with their .303 rifles and bayonets, charged into the Ottoman cavalry and overran it. Lieutenant K. J. Tait and his lead troop of 20 men intercepted 60 sabre-carrying Ottoman cavalry on a track near Qabr Mujahid. Remaining mounted the New Zealanders galloped and shot as many as 20 Ottoman soldiers capturing 7 prisoners. Tait was killed in a hand to hand duel with the Ottoman cavalry officer.

2183:

of prisoners . Their jumping–off point was a thousand feet below sea level, the railway was four thousand feet above them. There were no roads through the mountains and it rained almost the whole time. They got there in forty–eight hours. When they reached Es Salt the inhabitants turned out en bloc to greet them, standing on the roofs of their houses and loosing off rifles into the air.

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Salt. Three echelons 550 camels of the Egyptian Camel Transport Corps were employed to supply the Anzac Mounted Division; one worked between Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt while the other two alternated carried one day's supplies to Amman. Two echelons of 805 camels each alternated to carry one day's supplies for the 60th (London) Division between Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt.

1980:

reported no sign of opposition and the brigade pushed ahead in the later afternoon to arrive at the junction of the Wadi Abu Turra and Umm esh Shert tracks 4 miles (6.4 km) from Es Salt where they met the 3rd Light Horse Regiment (1st Light Horse Brigade). Aircraft which included an Australian Martinsyde, had bombed Shunet Nimrin ahead of the infantry attack.

2303:

another unsuccessful counterattack by the Ottoman Army on 11 April they began to consolidate their positions. About this time the Ottoman Seventh Army formed a provisional cavalry regiment by combining the cavalry companies which had previously been attached to several infantry divisions; these were the 11th, 24th, 48th and 53rd Divisions.

1659:, manning posts guarding the river. The German 703rd Battalion which was "particularly strong in machine guns", had arrived back from Tafilah and was in the foothills on the Amman road by 21 March. These units amounted to no more than 1,500 rifles deployed between Amman and the Jordan River, when the EEF crossed the river. 2087:

Brigade). This counterattack represented a very serious threat to the British lines of communication and supply to Es Salt and Amman and an infantry battalion was sent to reinforce the light horsemen. The Ottoman regiment eventually advanced up the road towards Es Salt capturing the heights at Kufr Huda north of Es Salt.

1835:

fire on barges made of wood and tarpaulins stretched over framework which became waterlogged after being holed by gunfire. All attempts to put rafts across at Ghoraniyeh were defeated and Brigadier General Watson, commanding the 180th Brigade decided to concentrate all efforts at Makhadet Hijla ordering the

2417:

Kinloch quotes from the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment's War Diary which describes these New Zealanders "using their rifles at the gallop" aiming and firing their .303s at the same time as they maintained control of their horses. The war diary notes the New Zealanders' lack of swords; "This was one

2261:

All day long and all the next night a long line of weary camels, horses and men slowly stumbled, slipped and fell, down the mountain track which descends some 4,000 feet (1,200 m) in 8 miles (13 km). It was well after daylight on the morning of 1 April, before the New Zealand Mounted Rifles

2249:

The front lines were still engaged when the withdrawal began. It was necessary, firstly to move the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade back from Hill 3039, across the Wadi Amman. They received their orders at 18:00 to withdraw to the cross road at the western end of the plateau just above the village

2137:

With their equipment carried on pack-horses and pack-camels, the mobile sections of the field ambulances along with 35 cacolet camels for each ambulance, followed the attacking force to Es Salt and Amman. Their motor ambulances, ambulance wagons and sand carts remained near Jericho ready to transport

2133:

The total time taken to evacuate to Jericho from the front line was about 24 hours and the distance 45 miles (72 km) with a further three hours on to Jerusalem. Wounded were carried on light stretchers or blankets from the front line to regimental aid posts which were established about 1.5 miles

2086:

During the afternoon of 29 March, 1,800 rifles and sabres of the 145th Regiment (46th Division) from the Ottoman Seventh Army based at Nablus, crossed the Jordan River at Jisr ed Damieh and attacked the left (northern) flank which was defended by the 1st and 2nd Light Horse Regiments (1st Light Horse

2024:

As the road to Naaur dwindled away to a track all wheels had to be left behind including most of the reserve small arms ammunition (SAA). Only four small pack mountain guns, a little reserve ammunition (two boxes of SAA to a camel) and the explosives required to demolish the viaduct and tunnels, were

2000:

Amman, which is a further 18 miles (29 km) to the east southeast across the plateau from Es Salt is 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level, 950 feet (290 m) higher than Es Salt. The Anzac Mounted Division moved on the right of the infantry advance to Es Salt from Makhadet Hajlah across the

1979:

On 25 March, the 181st Brigade marching on the main road covered only 8–9 miles (13–14 km) due mainly to the condition of the road, with the 179th Brigade on the Wadi Abu Turra track a little to the north, had reached the Tel el Musta to El Haud line with infantry advanced guards ahead. Aircraft

1955:

At Tell el Mistah the 2/22nd Battalion London Regiment captured three guns while the 181st Brigade with a squadron of the Wellington Mounted Rifle Regiment attached captured the bridge across the Wadi Shu'eib at Huweij 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Es Salt, but was forced to halt when darkness ended

1951:

on the right, the 179th on the left; each with two battalions in line with the 180th Brigade in reserve. The 2/14th Battalion London Regiment (179th Brigade) captured three officers and 33 men of the German 703rd Battalion near Shunet Nimrin at El Haud a cone-shaped hill north of the road and 6 miles

1909:

The Anzac Mounted Division was split into three; divisional headquarters with the 2nd Light Horse Brigade and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade advanced straight towards Amman by the Na'ur track, the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade with the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment reattached advanced along

1834:

Two swimmers were lost and at Ghoraniyeh and the 2/17th Battalion, London Regiment suffered severe casualties trying to get a line across the river. Later, repeated unsuccessful attempts were made to cross the river in punts and rafts. Many were drowned when Asim's German and Ottoman defenders opened

1761:

during the month they patrolled the Jordan Valley after the capture of Jericho. These were at Ghoraniyeh and at Makhadet Hajlah (also known as Joshua's Crossing and the site of the baptism of Christ); these crossings were thought to be the only places bridges could be constructed at the time of year.

1325:'s force of infantry and mounted troops crossed the river and advanced eastwards across the high country; the central column of infantry moving along the main road quickly captured the Ottoman position at Shunet Nimrin on rising ground from the Jordan Valley and the town of Es Salt high in the hills. 2322:

in April 1917, the Egyptian Expeditionary Force had been defeated; both Shea and Chetwode had opposed the attack on Amman at that time of year, believing the attacking force to be too small. Nevertheless, a second unsuccessful assault by one infantry and two mounted divisions, into the hills of Moab

2194:

By 30 March Chaytor's force had pushed infantry in the Ottoman 48th Division back into Amman and after desperate fighting the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade had entered the town 2 miles (3.2 km) west of the station, but German and Ottoman machine guns positioned on the hills beyond were too

2182:

It was, in its way, one of the most daring exploits of the war. A weak division, aided by Australian mounted troops, crossed the Jordan and, cut off from the rest of our army, went clean through the Turks for a distance of forty miles, cut the railway and returned with all their wounded and hundreds

2099:

By 30 March the 1,800 rifles and sabres of the 145th Regiment (46th Division) from the Ottoman Seventh Army based at Nablus, which had crossed the Jordan River at Jisr ed Damieh to attack Kufr Huda the day before, were arriving near Es Salt and threatening the occupation of the town by Shea's force.

1983:

The 3rd Light Horse Regiment occupied Es Salt at 18:00 on 25 March and the advanced guard of the 179th Brigade entered the town two hours later. The 6th Squadron of the Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment (New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade) remained with the infantry to garrison and defend the town.

1967:

attached, was 4 miles (6.4 km) beyond Shunet Nimrin, marching up the motor road from Ghoraniyeh bridge to Es Salt. From Shunet Nimrin the road winds along the side of the desolate hills bordering the Wady Shaib to begin an 11-mile (18 km) climb in a north easterly direction towards Es Salt

1815:

prepared to swim the river and 2/18th Battalion London Regiment was sent to reinforce them as nine swimmers and Australian engineers crossed with a line at 12:30 at Makhadet Hijla and pulled a raft with six men across without opposition. Meanwhile, the 2/17th Battalion, London Regiment attempted to

1737:

The attacking forces lines of communication began at the Jerusalem railway station where supplies were offloaded on to lorries and driven to Jericho and later to the Jordan River 30 miles (48 km) away. The divisional trains of horse-drawn or mule-drawn wagons transported to Shunet Nimrin and Es

1654:

Defending Amman on 27 March the Ottoman and German garrison consisted of 2,150 rifles, 70 machine guns and ten guns. Jemal Kuchuk commander of the Fourth Army, arrived on 28 March to take command of the defence of Amman. Up to 30 March, approximately 2,000 reinforcements arrived with more to follow.

1636:

About 4,000 to 5,000 German and Ottoman soldiers with rifles, a large number of machine guns and 15 guns defended fortified positions covering the railway viaduct and tunnel in the Amman area while another 2,000 Ottoman soldiers defended the region towards Es Salt. The force defending Shunet Nimrin,

1585:

Squadrons dropped 45 bombs on this aerodrome without much success. During the period the whole area on the Jordan front and the Amman position, including all camps and defence positions, was reconnoitred and mapped. At Shunet Nimrina a considerably increased Ottoman presence was noted on 3 March and

1580:

reconnoitred El Kutrani and reported a camp of 150 tents, 14 large dumps, 150 rolling stock including three trains and seven gun positions south-west of the station. Nearby a new aerodrome with six hangars and a number of tents had two large two-seat aircraft on the ground. A combined Australian and

2310:

The strong incursion by Shea's and Chaytor's forces materially helped Feisal's force; the Ottoman 4th Army withdrew part of its garrison from Maan to help defend Amman just as Feisal began his attack there. These major troop movements; the recall of the Tafileh expedition and the partial withdrawal

2219:

The retirement from Amman started on 30 March with the wounded beginning to be sent back to the Jordan Valley. The wounded moved along the main road via Es Salt, but Es Salt was under attack from German and Ottoman units from the north west (the direction of the road from Nablus via Jisr ed Damieh)

2198:

It was considered that any further attempts to capture the Amman Railway Station would incur unacceptable losses and the decision to withdraw was therefore made. Allenby reported to the War Office on 31 March that 5 miles (8.0 km) of railway track and culverts had been destroyed south of Amman

2162:

transported supplies on camels and pack horses, mules or donkeys. They covered 24 miles (39 km) a day from the foot of the mountains to the troops at Amman with the severe weather and slippery mountain tracks causing many casualties to camels and drivers. The total distance covered by lorries,

2016:

The divisional headquarters of the Anzac Mounted Division together with the 2nd Light Horse Brigade and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade marched towards Amman on the number three road, a track well to the south of the main road which passed through the village of Naaur some 3 miles (4.8 km) to

1910:

the Ain es Sir track, while the 1st and 2nd Light Horse Regiments of the 1st Light Horse Brigade took up a position with its left on the Jordan River near Umm esh Shert to cover the northern flank of the advance while the 3rd Light Horse Regiment advanced up the Umm esh Shert track towards Es Salt.

1867:

At 04:00 on 23 March the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment attached to the 180th Brigade, began to cross the river at Makhadet Hajlah. Two squadrons pushed Ottoman units back out of the country on the eastern bank as far north as Ghoraniyeh while one squadron was sent eastwards. This squadron, armed

1856:

By 07:45 the whole of the 2/19th Battalion London Regiment was across the Jordan River. The 2/18th Battalion London Regiment was across the Jordan by 10:00 using the cavalry pontoon bridge which the Anzac Mounted Division's field squadron had completed at 08:10 the remaining battalions of the 180th

1788:

While the Anzac Mounted Division concentrated in the Talaat ed Dumm area the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade arrived in the area from Bethlehem and the 60th (London) was near the Wadi Nueiame at Ghoraniyeh with one battalion in the Wadi Kelt 3.5 miles (5.6 km) further south at Makhadet Hijla. The

2427:

The Regiment less the 11th Squadron moved to attack Ghoraniyeh at the gallop; at Butmet Halhul at 07:45 they charged mounted capturing 17 prisoners without casualty. Meanwhile the troop of 11th Squadron sent north had driven in and captured an Ottoman post of 18 soldiers with two machine guns on a

2314:

Large new Ottoman camps were established to support the growing lower Jordan defences which included a large garrison at Shunet Nimrin. These troops moved from Nablus by the Jenin railway and then by road down the Wady Fara to the Jisr ed Damieh, where the ford was replaced by a pontoon bridge. It

2120:

During this Transjordan operation, aircraft continuously flew over and reported progress; on 22 and 24 March Ottoman units in the Wady Fara region were seen to be active, as was the Nablus base camp, and infantry and transport were seen marching towards Khurbet Ferweh and the Jisr ed Damieh. On 24

1795:

The 180th Brigade was to force both crossings before advancing up the road to the foothills. The 179th Brigade was to move up the Wadi Abu Turra track on the left of the 180th Brigade while the 181st Brigade remained in reserve at Ghoraniyeh bridgehead. The mounted troops were to cross at Makhadet

1641:

The assault detachment ... was composed of one infantry company (about 100 men), one engineer (pioneer) platoon (one officer, four NCOs and thirty men) and seven light machine-gun teams. The officers assigned to the assault detachments were hand-picked from within the division by divisional staff.

1479:

forces in the region could be encouraged to attack and rebel against these weakened Ottoman Empire forces and lengthen Allenby's right. Allenby continues: "If I could destroy 10 or 15 miles of rail and some bridges and get touch with the Arabs under Feisal – even temporarily – the effect

2503:

It is not known what happened to the bodies of Australian light horsemen, British infantry and New Zealand riflemen who died during the attack on Amman. During the withdrawal following the 2nd Transjordan attack at the end of April, just a few weeks later, the infantry dead from the 60th (London)

2370:

He may have had in mind a similar attack carried out by the Anzac Mounted Division on 23 May 1917 when 15 miles (24 km) of railway including bridges were destroyed on the Ottoman railway from Beersheba to Auja. For a description of the procedure used to destroy the rails see Powles 1922, p.

2306:

Designed to be a surprise raid by mounted troops, the movements of Shea's force in the difficult terrain and weather, had proved to be too slow and restricted and the element of surprise was lost. The attack did, however, force the recall of a German and Ottoman expedition to Tafileh; attempts to

2302:

Asim launched a pursuit of the British by the 24th Assault Company with the 8th and 9th Cavalry Regiment (3rd Cavalry Division) and on 4 April German and Ottoman counterattacks by the 24th Assault Company, infantry in the 24th Division's 3rd Battalion and the 145th Infantry Regiment, began. After

2269:

At 07:45 on 1 April as the rearguard of Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment passed through the village the 2nd (Wellington West Coast) Squadron was attacked by Circassians who suddenly opened fire from a mill and adjacent caves, from houses and from behind rocks on the nearby hills. Firing at very

2253:

An outpost line was set up across the country between Ain es Sir and Amman and the whole day was spent in concentrating Chaytor's and Shea's force – mounted troops, infantry, camels and camel transport; and in getting all camels, both camel brigade and Egyptian Camel Transport Corps down the

1934:

Es Salt, was 15 miles (24 km) north east from the Ghoraniyeh crossing of the Jordan River and 4,000 feet (1,200 m) above the Jordan River. Before the war the city had a population of between 10,000 and 15,000 Arab, Christian, Ottoman and Cicassians living in stone buildings half of whom

1871:

Meanwhile, the two squadrons which rode north towards Ghoraniyeh were not stopped by any of the Ottoman posts they attacked, before they reached the main road. Here they encountered a strongly held position; here the Ottoman infantry stood their ground while a troop of the Auckland Mounted Rifles

2290:

The withdrawal across the Jordan River was completed by the evening of 2 April leaving bridgeheads at Ghoraniye and Makhadet Hajlah. The infantry and mounted forces had marched and fought almost continuously in the mud and rain for ten days and had suffered almost as much in both the advance and

2274:

About 13:00 the Jordan Valley came into sight and a halt was made to distribute rations and forage which had been brought forward to meet the New Zealanders. The sun came out and the wind died away and an hour later they were riding down through flowers up to the horses' knees. All was peace and

2045:

By this stage the advance had been on the march continuously for three days and nights and owing to the exhaustion of the men and horses, Chaytor, commander of the mounted division, postponed the attack on Amman until the next morning. During the day a patrol of six German infantry was captured,

2032:

through Ain es Sir direct to Amman. This track was about midway between the divisional headquarters column on the Naaur track and the main road to Es Salt. The New Zealanders reached Air es Sir at noon capturing two Ottoman officers and 48 other ranks and at 13:30 the brigade concentrated at the

2020:

This southern route via Naaur was the most difficult with a steep grade and the track was narrow, rocky and slippery being only wide enough for horses to move in single file and many camels, their hoofs better suited to sand, frequently slipped and fell. They continued marching through the night

1860:

By nightfall on 22 March an infantry battalion had crossed the Jordan River and established a 1,000-yard (910 m) bridgehead on the eastern bank. Despite being hampered by dense jungle and Ottoman machine gun fire during the day together with artillery which bombarded the slopes, an infantry

1839:

and the 2/17th Battalion London Regiments to reinforce the bridgehead there. Steel chains were eventually attached to trees and a temporary bridge constructed. Working under Ottoman fire, this first bridge was established by sappers from an Australian and New Zealand engineer unit which had been

1726:(RGA), a Light Armoured Car Brigade, the Army Bridging Train, Desert Mounted Corps Bridging Train and pontoon units. On several occasions during the concentration of Shea's force before the attack, German and Ottoman aircraft had bombed their camps while British Empire aircraft had been absent. 2437:

On 24 March the 3rd Light Horse Regiment pushed Ottoman units back, eventually forcing them to retire over the Umm es Shert crossing. The following day the 2nd Light Horse Regiment pushed north as far as Wady Ishkarara (approximately halfway between Umm esh Shert and Mafid Jozele near Red Hill)

2064:

The attack on Amman began on 27 March and continued until 30 March while German and Ottoman reinforcements continued to steadily arrive along the unharmed Hejaz Railway from the north. About 4,000 to 5,000 German and Ottoman soldiers with rifles and 15 guns were in position covering the railway

2223:

By 31 March there were over 240 wounded in the divisional collecting stations such as Birket umm Amud 10.5 miles (16.9 km) from the front line. All available means including sand carts sent by infantry in the 60th (London) Division, were employed and these wounded were on their way by the

2090:

The counterattack by German and Ottoman forces from the direction of Nahr ez Zerka to the north of Jisr ed Damieh on the eastern side of the Jordan Valley continued to threaten Shea's and Chaytor's northern flank. This flank, held by the 1st and 2nd Light Horse Regiments was reinforced, at the

2041:

After a second night's march in the cold and wet conditions moving over both bog and rock, the Anzac Mounted Division concentrated at Ain es Sir on the early morning of 26 March 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Amman. The weather was atrocious; sleet and heavy rain continued for almost the entire

2265:

The Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment had regained its 6th Squadron which had been detached to the infantry division; the 60th (London) Division, and was ordered to cover the rear of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade. German and Ottomans attacks on this rearguard were held off until the

2060:

The delay in the advance of Shea's force on 26 March caused by the terrible conditions gave the Ottoman forces ample warning to consolidate their defences. Nevertheless, during the battle small gains were made which began to make an impact on the strongly entrenched German and Ottoman forces.

1984:

While the two brigades of the Anzac Mounted Division; the New Zealand Mounted Rifles and the 2nd Light Horse Brigades with the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade were to move directly from the Jordan Valley to Amman following tracks further south along the Jordan Valley and climb up to the plateau.

1328:

Meanwhile, the mounted columns continued marching to the north and south of the infantry column on to Amman 30 miles (48 km) east of Jericho on the high plateau. Their objective was to effectively cut the main supply line to the north and south of Amman by destroying long sections of the

1487:

between 8 and 12 March 1918, the front line in the Judean Hills was pushed further north giving a substantially stronger base for attacks eastwards. A general advance on a front of between 14–26 miles (23–42 km) and up to a maximum of depth of between 5–7 miles (8.0–11.3 km) by the

1341:

and the blown up sections of the railway were quickly replaced to allow reinforcements to continue to arrive and strengthen the defenders. British Empire infantry and artillery reinforcements were also sent forward from Es Salt, both of which took considerable time to cover the difficult and

4178:

The Official Names of the Battles and Other Engagements Fought by the Military Forces of the British Empire during the Great War, 1914–1919, and the Third Afghan War, 1919: Report of the Battles Nomenclature Committee as Approved by The Army Council Presented to Parliament by Command of His

2493:

It has been suggests the reasons why the British units decided to withdraw from Amman on 31 March were unclear; that the reason given, that substantial Ottoman reserves had been brought up was, "not at all true" and that the abandonment of this important objective is "not easily explained."

2407:

On the night of 21/22 March a Company from the London Regiment had forced their way across the Jordan River at Makhadet Hajleh, and by the following night the whole battalion was across and at daybreak on 23 March all was clear to the east and south east for at least 500 yards (460 m).

2141:

From the Jordan Valley it was a 50 miles (80 km) ride in a motor ambulance over the mountains of Judea to the hospital railway train, followed by 200 miles (320 km) train ride to hospital in Cairo, though some of the worst cases were accommodated in the hospitals in Jerusalem.

1379:. The French, however, imposed an important qualification to Joint Note 12 which gave qualified approval for a decisive offensive against the Ottoman armies; no British troops in France could be deployed to the EEF. It was therefore decided to reinforce the EEF with one or possibly two 2460:

This column is probably the one which moved along the Naaur track as it included light horsemen, while the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade also moved along the Wade el Kefrein before branching off into the Wadi Sir. See Gullett's Map 35 which shows these tracks and the tangle of

1516:

The establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine depended on a compliant Palestinian population and the British were eager to conciliate wherever possible. Orders were issued to be "carefully friendly to the Arab tribes" from east of the Jordan River, as they fought with the

1896:

and by 05:00 the leading brigade of Shea's force was 2 miles (3.2 km) along the Es Salt road moving to the east of Hajlah, and the three infantry brigades of the 60th (London) Division were between Ghoraniyeh and Shunet Nimrin, the latter dominated by the hill of El Haud.

1414:

were, however, promised for the coming summer, in addition to squadrons then being formed and a Canadian construction battalion was to be sent from France as soon as its replacement, in the process of formation in Canada, arrived on the Western Front. Also promised were enough

2483:

when the 4th Light Horse Brigade had the job of the two regiments of the 1st Light Horse Brigade and was similarly attacked by reinforcements which crossed on 1 May at the Jisr ed Damieh on the main road from the Ottoman Seventh Army at Nablus to the Ottoman Fourth Army at

1650:

These assault battalions which consisted of between 300 and 350 officers and men were well equipped. They were frequently used in counterattacks and as divisional and corps reserves. The 3rd Assault Company was formed from a divisional detachment in late February 1918.

1900:

In a telegram to the War Office of 25 March 1918, Allenby reported to the War Office, "Three bridges were thrown across Jordan during the night of 23rd–24th March, and by 8 a.m, LXth Division , Anzac Division and Imperial Camel Corps Brigade were east of the river."

1589:

The establishment of a bridgehead on the east bank of the Jordan River and the advance to Es Salt and Amman was to be preceded by diversionary attacks across the entire front and coordinated with an Arab raid led by T. E. Lawrence on the Deraa Hejaz railway station.

2138:

wounded from the receiving station at Ghoraniyeh to the main dressing station west of Jericho. Here the Desert Mounted Corps Operating Unit and consulting surgeon were attached. Wounded were then sent back to the two casualty clearing stations in Jerusalem.

2021:

along roads marked on maps which were soon discovered to be little more than the beds of wadis in which the heavy rain quickly made into muddy streams. After trekking 10 miles (16 km) in 24 hours, they reached Ain el Hekr on the edge of the plateau.

1821:

Pontoons had to be secured very strongly and yet allow for any sudden rise or fall ... These conditions made it a hazardous movement for mounted men, any break during the transit causing immersion in the raging water with little or no hope of surviving."

1946:

The infantry division followed the sealed metal road from the Ghoraniyeh crossing 6 miles (9.7 km) across the Jordan Valley before reaching the Shunet Nimrin defile at the foot of the hills of Moab. The advance began at 08:30 on 24 March with the

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and Nablus, while the Jisr ed Damieh was bombed and machine gunned several times without causing damage to the bridge but the garrison in the area was hit; between 19 and 24 March seven more attempts were made to damage the bridge without success.

2077:

Total casualties of both infantry and mounted divisions were between 1,200 and 1,348. The 60th (London) Division suffered 476 infantry casualties including 347 wounded and the Anzac Mounted Division suffered 724 casualties including 551 wounded.

1508:

was published in London in November 1917 and became widely known. The declaration, which established the idea of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine, contained a proviso that such a homeland would not be at the expense of the rights of the

1450:

in early February to confer with Allenby regarding the implementation of Joint Note No. 12. At that time he encouraged Allenby in the view that if 10–15 miles (16–24 km) of the Hejaz Railway near Amman could be destroyed, the Ottoman Army

2240:

From Es Salt, thousands of Armenian and Bedouin refugees and others joined the withdrawing columns carrying their belongings on their backs or pushing them in carts, some of the aged and footsore given a lift in the horse-drawn limber wagons.

1496:, pushed Ottoman forces north from the River Auja on the Mediterranean coast, north on both sides of the road from Jerusalem to Nablus, capturing Ras el Ain and Tell 'Asur and from Abu Tellul and Mussallabeh on the edge of the Jordan Valley. 1374:

was keen to know when Allenby would be ready to make further advances; they wished operations against the Ottomans to continue as forcefully as possible within the means at Allenby's disposal and they attached importance to the cutting the

2327:

followed just a few weeks later at the end of April. It has been suggested that these two unsuccessful operations convinced the Ottoman Army to expect more attacks to be made in the same area by the same troops, while the breakthrough

2250:

of Ain es Sir. By 23:00 all wounded had been started on their journey back to the Jordan Valley and the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade commenced to recross the Wadi Amman at midnight; reaching the cross roads at 04:00 on 31 March.

2188:

N. C. Sommers Down (Lieutenant/Captain Gordon Highlanders); 15 May 1918 diary entry during convalescence when he shared a tent with another officer wounded in the 'romantic Amman stunt' about which there was 'too little in the

2311:

from Maan, helped strengthen the operations of Feisal's Arabs and the threat to the Ottoman lines of communication east of the Jordan, compelling the Ottoman army to make a permanent increase to their forces in this area.

1913:

Moving up the eastern bank of the river to the north of the infantry, the 1st Light Horse Brigade got about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the El Mandesi ford; halfway between the Ghoraniyeh crossing and Umm esh Shert. The

1766:

from the 60th (London) Division attempted unsuccessfully to ford the river at El Mandesi 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the site of the old stone bridge at Ghoraniyeh, which had been blown up by the retiring Ottoman Army.

2166:

Of the 2,000 camels used on convoy duties 100 were killed in action and 92 had to be destroyed because of injuries received during the operations. During the retreat from Amman many of the camels had been overloaded.

2001:

Jordan Valley on the road to Naaur; one column moving up the Wadi el Kefrein sent forward a light detachment to secure the bridge at El Howeij. Near the Wadi el Kefrein a group of Arabs joined the light horse units.

1552:

on 11 March but withdrew a week later. In response the Ottoman Army sent a strong force including a German infantry battalion south from Amman to defend the railway and the important town of Ma'an. The Bedouin near

1312:

force of Australian, British and New Zealand swimmers, the first Transjordan attack began with the passage of the Jordan River. The swimmers eventually got lines across the fast-flowing river while under fire from

4146:. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence: Volume 2 Part II. Maps by A. F. Becke. London: H.M. Stationery Office. 1637:

Es Salt and Amman, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Asim, included the 3rd Assault Company with three infantry battalions, the German 703rd Infantry Battalion with some machine gun, cavalry and artillery units.

1880:

At Makhadet Hajlah mounted rifle, light horse and camels crossed by a pontoon bridge; a second was also constructed, while at Ghoraniyeh, a footbridge was constructed by 16:30 on 23 March, by which time the

2202:

When darkness fell on 30 March, the front line troops received the order to retreat and an infantryman concluded: "none of us sorry to leave behind forever, we hope, a nightmare of a most terrible nature."

1789:

53rd Division garrisoned the Wadi el Auja. Shea planned to put three bridges across at Ghoraniyeh; a standard pontoon, a barrel pier and a footbridge and at Makhadet Hijla a cavalry steel pontoon bridge.

2451:

The routes used were the main road, the Na'ur track, the Ain es Sir track, the Wadi Abu Turra track (also known as the Wadi Arseniyat track "owing to a defective map") and the Umm esh Shert track.

1277:

line, were consolidated. The front line was adjusted in February 1918 when the right flank of the Jaffa–Jerusalem line was secured by the capture of land to the east of Jerusalem and down into the

1317:

forces on the east bank, and pontoon bridges were quickly constructed so that infantry and New Zealand mounted troops could cross the river to attack Ottoman defenders on the east bank where a

2480: 1521:

against the Ottomans. These Arabs were to be treated with the greatest consideration, all payments to them were made in cash and all friction was to be avoided. Politically, Britain needed

1926:(1st Light Horse Brigade) remained in the rear to occupy the Es Salt road from the foothills to the high plateau; here good water was found in Wadi Ralen which was developed by engineers. 1888:

The 303rd Brigade R.F.A. crossed by the pontoon bridge at Ghorniyeh. At midnight the Anzac Mounted Division was concentrated near Kasr Hajlah; and at 01:00 on the morning of 24 March, the

3947:

A Brief Record of the Advance of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force under the command of General Sir Edmund H.H. Allenby, GCB, GCMG July 1917 to October 1918 compiled from Official Sources

1922:(1st Light Horse Brigade) moved to protect the left or northern flank of the 60th (London) Division, and to cooperate with this infantry division, in their attack on Es Salt, while the 2353:

It has been suggested the capture of the town of Amman was the objective of the first Transjordan attack; that it was to be developed into a base from which to mount an attack on the

1438:

Part of 15 miles (24 km) of railway line blown up in May 1917 by the Anzac and Imperial Mounted Divisions' and the Imperial Camel Corps Brigade's engineers assisted by troopers

6664: 6027: 6042: 6226: 1770:

Several days of heavy rain caused the river to rise and become many feet deep, filling from bank to bank in a swiftly flowing torrent with strong currents. Lieutenant General

1633:' were located at Amman east of the Jordan River, and at Nablus and Tulkarm in the Judean Hills, respectively, while their commander in chief's headquarters was at Nazareth. 2324: 2009: 6684: 6679: 1483:

A necessary prerequisite to the first Transjordan attack was a broadening of the EEF' base to better support the proposed attack on the Hejaz Railway at Amman. During the

1146: 6709: 6124: 1836: 1729:

During these operations the remainder of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force continued to hold the front line, garrison the captured territories and supply the troops.

418: 5761: 5585: 4925: 1799:

At 15:00 hundreds of Ottoman infantry approached Ghoraniyeh while two squadrons of Ottoman cavalry approached Makhadet Hijla. At midnight on 21 March, the day the

1156: 6694: 6203: 2042:

operation making the roads and tracks soft and boggy and all supplies of rations and forage had to be sent up to the advancing troops on camels and pack-horses.

2254:

mountains. The 2nd Light Horse Brigade and the Somerset Battery took the Es Salt road while the remainder of the force, including the infantry, withdrew by the

6231: 4738: 1059: 2033:

cross roads above the town. There, they remained close to the village, for 24 hours while the column closed up; the last camel arriving at 19:30 on 26 March.

6704: 6674: 6419: 6146: 5838: 4796: 4093:. Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services, 1914–1918: Volume 1 Part II (2nd ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. pp. 547–780. 1141: 2513:

While fighting on foot, one quarter of the riflemen were holding the horses; a brigade would then be equivalent in rifle strength to an infantry battalion.

1532:

Military cooperation between the Arabs and the British Empire forces was expected during these Transjordan operations although it was to be fairly limited.

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and 3,245 wagons would be available, with a promise of more if required; railway personnel and labour to run this railway were to come from Mesopotamia.

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operations for the day. As a consequence of this action, a fourth road, leading up to the plateau passed the Circassian village of Ain es Sir on the

1885:

had crossed by rafts. A pontoon bridge and a heavy barrel-pier bridge were built by 21:30 providing altogether five bridges across the Jordan River.

880: 1857:

Brigade reached the right bank at Makhadet Hijla by about 13:30. Chetwode and H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught complimented the brigade on the passage.

6689: 2275:

warmth and quiet, making it difficult to think that a few short hours before, the winds were raging, rain falling, and a bitter battle in progress.

1646:

tactics, to which the division sent an additional officer and five NCOs. Eventually the assault detachment was expanded into an assault battalion.

6114: 5472: 1222:(fighting dismounted as infantry) were reinforced by two battalions of 181st Brigade followed by a second two battalions from the 180th Brigade ( 519: 4903: 2531:

These increased numbers of troops stationed east of the Jordan were made at the expense of Ottoman forces on the Mediterranean coastal plain.

2389:

Blenkinsop refers to the 60th Indian Division but the Londoners did not leave for the Western Front until after the second Transjordan attack.

4965: 1151: 411: 1864:

The 181st Brigade was ordered to make another attempt to cross the Jordan River at Ghoraniyeh during the night of 22/23 March which failed.

6174: 6104: 5743: 4955: 4866: 1131: 2442:. See Gullett's Map 34 showing positions at sundown on 1 May during the second Transjordan operations, for the locations of these places. 6198: 5089: 4543: 1464: 142: 4766: 2262:

Brigade; the rearguard was able to start retiring again, while being fully occupied in holding off advanced German and Ottoman troops.

1102: 1892:

began to cross the Jordan River by the pontoon bridge at Makhadet Hajlah. The New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade followed to join the

1471:

to the garrisons to the south of Amman, which would considerably weaken their positions. Without reliable supplies and reinforcements

5096: 1234:, the strength of which eventually forced the attacking force to retire back to the Jordan Valley between 31 March and 2 April. The 4748: 1460: 1085: 404: 6424: 6356: 6194: 6181: 6138: 6047: 5773: 5575: 5482: 5384: 5142: 4789: 1198:

of World War I. During the First Transjordan attack large incursions into Ottoman territory occurred. Firstly the Passage of the

1136: 634: 2028:

Meanwhile, the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade took a path half a mile beyond Shunet Nimrin towards Rujm el Oshir, along the

1548:

Arabs led by the Emir Feisal and guided by Lawrence were raiding Ottoman units south of El Kutrani and were in some force about

6548: 6538: 6406: 2315:

remained an important line of communication between the 7th Army at Nablus in the west and the 4th Army in the eastern sector.

1557:

were inclined to be hostile to the Ottoman Army and it was hoped that the planned attack on Amman might attract their support.

21: 2470:

The remainder of the Anzac Mounted Division joined the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade at Ain es Sir at 08:00 on 26 March.

6320: 6254: 6091: 5970: 5643: 4662: 4518: 4486: 4387: 4315: 4276: 4132: 4041: 4022: 1840:

training for three weeks. By 01:30 a second pontoon bridge at Makhadet Hajlah had been finished by the Anzac Bridging Train.

1741:

A dump was established with five days reserve supply at Junction Dump east of Talaat ed Dumm along with a reserve of camels.

983: 966: 873: 62: 4074:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. VIII (11th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 6495: 5915: 4700: 4200:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. VII (11th ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 1923: 1919: 1915: 1294: 1013: 238: 6266: 5590: 5218: 4723: 1771: 1054: 249: 6480: 6465: 5755: 5157: 4915: 2540:

The third Transjordan attack by Chaytor's force succeeded in capturing Amman a few days after Allenby launched Megiddo.

1107: 1525:'s support and Feisal needed British military support and the British encouraged the people to look to Feisal and the 6340: 6034: 5850: 5122: 4593: 4457: 1964: 1812: 4269:

Allenby in Palestine: The Middle East Correspondence of Field Marshal Viscount Allenby June 1917 – October 1919

5520: 4558: 2779: 1643: 1601:, to cross the Jordan River and attack Es Salt and Amman. The aim of these attacks was to destroy or damage a long 1253:

During the winter of 1917/1918, the considerable territorial gains by the EEF as a consequence of victories at the

866: 6591: 6396: 6376: 6163: 6099: 5922: 5791: 4695: 4615: 4553: 2163:

horses and camels, from railhead to Jerusalem and on to the men in the firing line, was 86 miles (138 km).

1893: 1758: 1594: 1322: 1239: 1191: 1008: 903: 617: 514: 260: 5256: 6724: 6654: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6371: 6065: 4710: 4685: 4583: 2159: 2158:

Motor lorries supplied Jericho from Jerusalem but from Jericho to Amman the Anzac Mounted Divisional Train and

2069:(RHA) Battery also moved from Es Salt towards Amman with great difficulty, arriving on the last day of battle. 1025: 978: 1683: 1459:

would be isolated and weakened, which could result in further Arab uprisings. Allenby had written to General

6366: 6361: 6325: 6259: 6151: 5997: 5580: 5432: 4970: 4898: 4829: 4598: 4568: 4563: 1626: 4108:

Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War: Forward by General Hüseyiln Kivrikoglu

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and the only bridge across the Jordan River not destroyed by a 9 feet (2.7 m) flood was at Ghoraniyeh.

1390:

On 7 March 1918, the promised reinforcements were reduced to just one Indian division and four batteries of

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headquarters located in Amman was strongly garrisoned and during the battle received reinforcements on the

1227: 1219: 1195: 1119: 1112: 998: 725: 551: 531: 428: 350: 333: 4365:. Official History New Zealand's Effort in the Great War. Vol. III. Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs. 3929: 3905: 3885: 6553: 5990: 5975: 5833: 5785: 5550: 5101: 4975: 4888: 4883: 4652: 4640: 4635: 1804: 1407: 1278: 932: 915: 910: 656: 571: 5162: 4271:. Army Records Society. Vol. 22. Phoenix Mill, Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. 2398:

The 179th Brigade is referred to by Woodward as the "London and Scottish 179th Brigade, 60th Division."

2125:

south of Amman was attacked by aircraft with machine-guns; 700 rounds were fired into the enemy troops.

6719: 6714: 6533: 6490: 5767: 5525: 5510: 5412: 5281: 4849: 4761: 4718: 3944: 1493: 1097: 1032: 774: 745: 541: 536: 1544:

had blown up lengths of rail track, bridges and Ottoman supply trains with explosives. In early March

6475: 6243: 5827: 5815: 5570: 5555: 5276: 5167: 4861: 4839: 4588: 4578: 4511: 1792:

They were opposed by an Ottoman force of about 1,000 rifles, some squadrons of cavalry and six guns.

1719: 1489: 1391: 1286: 671: 5422: 1942:

Transjordan theatre of operations 21 March to 2 April; 30 April to 4 May and 20 to 29 September 1918

6649: 6450: 5937: 5927: 5856: 5809: 5797: 5737: 5545: 5540: 5462: 4871: 4844: 4548: 2357:

station to the south as this was considered to be the most important Hejaz railway station between

2329: 1723: 1467:, in late January regarding his wish to cut the Hejaz Railway at Amman – an important Ottoman 1247: 695: 666: 6521: 6513: 6455: 6215: 5910: 5673: 5500: 5495: 5427: 5286: 5271: 5266: 5246: 5127: 5004: 4087:

Downes, Rupert M. (1938). "The Campaign in Sinai and Palestine". In Butler, Arthur Graham (ed.).

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Allenby, E. H. H.; H. Pirie-Gordon; Army of Great Britain; Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1919).

1406:

and mounted formations which had had long experience serving in Palestine; they would go to the

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There may have been as many as 1,000 prisoners captured and brought back to the Jordan Valley.

2195:

strong and all efforts to dislodge enemy forces from the Hejaz Railway's Amman station failed.

2113: 2100:

During the night of 30/31 March, these Ottoman reinforcements continued to push in on Es Salt.

1707: 1606: 1598: 1416: 1254: 1215: 920: 822: 735: 676: 591: 566: 524: 487: 447: 338: 294: 4127:. No. 26 of Cass Series: Military History and Policy. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. 1702:

Infantry in the 60th (London) Division marching from Jerusalem to the Jordan Valley March 1918

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By nightfall on 24 March infantry from the 60th (London) Division with the 6th Squadron,

1687: 1505: 1411: 1380: 1258: 1202:, was successfully captured between 21 and 23 March, followed by the first occupation of 1071: 847: 764: 581: 576: 6563: 6570: 6485: 5844: 5708: 5690: 5655: 5619: 5452: 5417: 5369: 5354: 5241: 5192: 5031: 4990: 4670: 2215:

2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance crossing the Jordan River at Ghoraniyeh on their return

1975:

Trees mark a steep portion of the road to Es Salt as it passed through the Wadi Es Salt

1510: 1447: 1235: 1187: 988: 796: 720: 629: 477: 1434: 1402:

regiments based in France were, during March and April, to be substituted for British

6603: 6597: 6558: 6460: 6293: 5876: 5731: 5714: 5515: 5337: 5317: 5152: 5137: 5067: 5055: 4756: 4733: 4680: 4482: 4465: 4438: 4431:

Sommers, Cecil (Norman Cecil Sommers Down Lieut./Captain Gordon Highlanders) (1919).

4419: 4402: 4383: 4366: 4347: 4330: 4311: 4294: 4272: 4255: 4238: 4218: 4201: 4182: 4164: 4147: 4128: 4111: 4094: 4075: 4056: 4037: 4018: 4001: 3984: 3967: 3950: 1882: 1715: 1092: 1044: 973: 925: 806: 705: 596: 4110:. No. 201 Contributions in Military Studies. Westport Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 5661: 5631: 5625: 5535: 5364: 5332: 5322: 5061: 4985: 4980: 4908: 4728: 4628: 4344:

The Mounted Riflemen in Sinai & Palestine: The Story of New Zealand's Crusaders

2280:

C. Guy Powles, Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster General, Anzac Mounted Division

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over which the railway travelled near the town. Amman was strongly defended by the

1076: 1064: 1049: 1037: 1018: 947: 942: 837: 779: 740: 730: 710: 700: 467: 4195: 4088: 4069: 6470: 6310: 5649: 5202: 5177: 4876: 4784: 4623: 4071:

The Australian Flying Corps in the Western and Eastern Theatres of War, 1914–1918

4055:(2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press, Australia & New Zealand. 1783: 1518: 1370:(EEF), substantial reinforcements after his successful capture of Jerusalem. The 1182:

took place between 21 March and 2 April 1918, as a consequence of the successful

1126: 952: 937: 842: 827: 784: 769: 715: 690: 644: 462: 457: 2418:

of the few occasions on which a weapon for shock action would have been useful."

6303: 6283: 5954: 5667: 5505: 5296: 5187: 5043: 4947: 4930: 4235:

Chauvel of the Light Horse: A Biography of General Sir Harry Chauvel, GCMG, KCB

2439: 2154:

Egyptian Camel Transport Corps crossing pontoon bridge at Ghoraniyeh March 1918

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Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War

2380:

Bruce claims the contents of the declaration were soon known to Arab leaders.

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brigade crossed the river and during the night the bridgehead was pushed out.

1807:, another attempt to cross the Jordan began. Two infantry battalions from the 6643: 6414: 5702: 5696: 5132: 5049: 4960: 4423: 4380:

The Anzac Experience New Zealand, Australia and Empire in the First World War

4351: 4298: 4254:. Cass Series: Military History and Policy Series No. 1. London: Frank Cass. 4222: 4205: 4151: 4098: 4079: 4060: 4005: 3971: 2236:

Bedouin refugees from Es Salt crossing a pontoon bridge over the Jordan River

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and tunnel near Amman on one of the Ottoman Empire's strategically important

1376: 1330: 1231: 959: 561: 482: 289: 207: 36: 23: 4469: 4406: 4259: 4186: 4168: 4115: 4051:

Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin; Bou, Jean (2008).

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IWM Q12602:Pontoon bridge across the Jordan River at Ghoraniyeh near Jericho

1662:

German and Ottoman squadrons of aircraft in the area included single-seater

5864: 5291: 4442: 4370: 4334: 4242: 4175: 3988: 1663: 1394:

from Mesopotamia due to arrive by the end of May. Further, Indian infantry

1338: 1298: 1203: 1199: 858: 6075: 5980: 5678: 5106: 4527: 1960:

which lead directly to Amman, became available for use by the attackers.

1560: 1537: 1003: 891: 815: 283: 188: 168: 4308:

Devils on Horses: In the Words of the Anzacs in the Middle East, 1916–19

3998:

History of the Great War Based on Official Documents Veterinary Services

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Officers' bivouacs, headquarters Anzac Mounted Division at Talat ed Dumm

2232: 4017:. Australian Army History. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. 1656: 1476: 1428: 1359: 1318: 4158: 1749: 1642:

The assault detachment was given four week's training in German-style

5870: 5637: 4460:(1968) . "The Palestine Campaigns". In Sheppard, Eric William (ed.). 4230: 2255: 2029: 1957: 1816:

launch several boats and small rafts at Ghoraniyeh under enemy fire.

1526: 1395: 1274: 1266: 1262: 1246:(EEF) through the summer until the middle of September 1918 when the 155: 4123:

Erickson, Edward J. (2007). Gooch, John; Reid, Brian Holden (eds.).

1297:'s force across the Jordan River and into the hills of Moab towards 6130: 2354: 1938: 1565: 1452: 1403: 1282: 4293:. Melbourne: Directorate of Military Training by Wilkie & Co. 4163:(1st provisional 9 April 1918 ed.). Cairo: Government Press. 2004: 1992: 1504:

Although it was not published in the Middle East at the time, the

1675: 1602: 1549: 1472: 1399: 1334: 1971: 4197:

The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine, 1914–1918

4034:

The Last Crusade: The Palestine Campaign in the First World War

3928:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. March 1918. Archived from 3904:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. March 1918. Archived from 2109: 1554: 1545: 1456: 1350: 4496: 4250:

Hughes, Matthew (1999). John Gooch; Brian Holden Reid (eds.).

4125:

Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A Comparative Study

3996:

Blenkinsop, Layton John; Rainey, John Wakefield, eds. (1925).

2150: 2008:

Although Gullett's Map 35 shows positions on 2 May during the

6298: 2358: 2081: 1541: 1424: 1420: 1387:, which were to be supported by more artillery and aircraft. 1302: 1270: 3964:

Horseman, Pass By: The Australian Light Horse in World War I

2108:

Bombing raids were carried out on camps on the Jerusalem to

3922:"New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade Headquarters War Diary" 3337: 3335: 2657:

Allenby letter to Robertson 25/1/1918 in Hughes 2004 p. 127

1383:

cavalry divisions from France and three divisions from the

1207: 193: 2898: 2896: 2615:

Robertson to Allenby 7 March 1918 in Hughes 2004 pp. 134–5

1905:

Light horse defend the northern flank in the Jordan Valley

1706:

Shea's force consisted of the 60th (London) Division, the

4252:

Allenby and British Strategy in the Middle East 1917–1919

3783: 3781: 2012:

it clearly shows the Naaur and Ain es Sir tracks to Amman

1679: 1446:, a member of the Imperial War Cabinet, had been sent to 3332: 2025:

put on camels and pack-horses to make the trek forward.

1718:

the Hong Kong and Singapore Mountain Battery, with four

6665:

Battles of World War I involving Indian Princely States

3771: 3769: 3172: 3170: 2893: 2332:

in September 1918 occurred on the Mediterranean coast.

2266:

regiment filed down through the village of Ain es Sir.

2036: 1828:

A. S. Benbow, 9th Company, Imperial Camel Corps Brigade

1762:

Nevertheless, on 6 and 7 March a company of the London

4176:

Great Britain; Battles Nomenclature Committee (1922).

3892:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. March–April 1918. 3778: 2954:

German and Ottoman sources in Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 348

2258:

track, up which the New Zealand Brigade had advanced.

75:

Ottoman prisoners on their way to Jericho from Es Salt

4479:

Hell in the Holy Land: World War I in the Middle East

4050: 3032:

Brief Record of the Advance of the EEF 1919 pp. 37–79

2307:

maintain a permanent garrison there, were abandoned.

3766: 3167: 2845: 2843: 2841: 1929: 1757:

Two possible crossing places were identified by the

1744: 1722:, (firing 12-pounder shells) the 10th Heavy Battery 6685:

Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire

6680:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

4327:

Light Horse The Story of Australia's Mounted Troops

4053:

The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History

2094: 1710:(Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division), the 1308:In March, after several unsuccessful attempts by a 3008: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2121:March a large troop-train at Lubin station on the 1875: 1354:The Hejaz Railway and country east of the Dead Sea 6710:History of the Royal Air Force during World War I 4161:Handbook on Northern Palestine and Southern Syria 4015:Light Horse: A History of Australia's Mounted Arm 3593:Infantryman Benbow quoted in Woodward 2006 p. 168 3325: 3323: 2838: 1564:Ottoman infantry column c 1917. Many are wearing 6641: 4329:. Victor Ambrus (illus.). Melbourne: Macmillan. 4285: 3995: 3966:. East Roseville, Sydney: Simon & Schuster. 3626: 3624: 3622: 3134: 3132: 3130: 2989: 2987: 426: 5473:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 4481:. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky. 4358: 4159:G.S.(I.), Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1918). 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3589: 3587: 3585: 2592: 2049: 1289:was also a necessary precursor, along with the 6695:Battles of World War I involving British India 4416:Blue Eyes: A True Romance of the Desert Column 3949:(2 ed.). London: H.M. Stationery Office. 3831: 3829: 3732: 3730: 3642: 3395: 3393: 3320: 3148: 3146: 3144: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2632: 2630: 2567: 2565: 1686:all with similar flying-speeds to the British 4512: 3619: 3561: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3533: 3531: 3313: 3311: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3127: 2984: 2743: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2611: 2609: 2175: 874: 412: 6705:Aerial operations and battles of World War I 6675:Battles of World War I involving New Zealand 4464:(4th ed.). London: Constable & Co. 3981:Morale: A Story of Australian Light Horsemen 3898:"Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment War Diary" 3660: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3582: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3349: 3347: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3186: 3184: 3182: 2813: 2811: 2653: 2651: 1593:Allenby ordered the infantry Major General, 1214:took place between 27 and 31 March when the 6660:Battles of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign 5963: 3826: 3727: 3444: 3442: 3390: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3160: 3158: 3141: 3120: 3118: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3067: 3065: 3001: 2999: 2914: 2875: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2710: 2708: 2627: 2562: 2504:Division were removed in wagons for burial. 1419:to complete the doubling of the railway to 888: 143:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 6670:Battles of World War I involving Australia 4519: 4505: 4413: 3718: 3556: 3540: 3528: 3308: 3202: 2755: 2753: 2738: 2726: 2606: 2082:Ottoman counterattack in the Jordan Valley 1499: 1321:was eventually established. Subsequently, 881: 867: 419: 405: 96:From the Jordan River to Es Salt and Amman 4414:Scrymgeour, James Tindal Steuart (1961). 4396: 4362:The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine 4237:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 3890:First World War Diaries AWM4, 10-1-44, 45 3605: 3568: 3512: 3451: 3425: 3411: 3374: 3344: 3281: 3254: 3179: 2808: 2648: 2589:Battles Nomenclature Committee 1922 p. 33 1968:2,050 feet (620 m) above sea level. 1843: 1581:British air raid on 4 March by Nos 1 and 6700:Battles of World War I involving Germany 5762:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 4476: 4324: 4122: 4105: 3439: 3240: 3220: 3155: 3115: 3092: 3062: 2996: 2861: 2705: 2293: 2231: 2210: 2206: 2149: 2003: 1991: 1970: 1952:(9.7 km) east of the Jordan River. 1937: 1847: 1748: 1697: 1559: 1433: 1349: 6690:Battles of World War I involving France 6139:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 4430: 4377: 4346:. Christchurch: Whitcombe & Tombs. 4305: 4193: 4067: 2750: 2479:A similar attack took place during the 2285: 1576:On 1 March, aircraft of No. 1 Squadron 6642: 4456: 4437:. London: John Lane, The Bodley Head. 4266: 4249: 4086: 3978: 1455:along the railway south from Amman to 6092:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 5428:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 4500: 4341: 4141: 4031: 3926:First World War Diaries AWM4, 35-1-35 3902:First World War Diaries AWM4, 35-2-34 2782:. The Long Long Trail. Archived from 2771: 862: 400: 63:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I 6496:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 4229: 4212: 3983:. Sydney: Holland & Stephenson. 3961: 2583: 2037:Anzac Mounted Division at Ain es Sir 6425:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 5219:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4462:A Short History of the British Army 4418:. Infracombe: Arthur H. Stockwell. 4090:Gallipoli, Palestine and New Guinea 4012: 3886:"1st Light Horse Brigade War Diary" 1465:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 13: 5158:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4359:Powles, C. Guy; A. Wilkie (1922). 2128: 1965:Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment 14: 6736: 4068:Cutlack, Frederic Morley (1941). 2777: 2103: 1930:Occupation of Es Salt 24–25 March 1753:Pontoon bridge at Makhadet Hajlah 1745:Passage of the Jordan 21–23 March 1616: 1172:First Transjordan attack on Amman 391:1,700 dead and wounded (estimate) 5521:Second Battle of the Piave River 5143:Russian invasion of East Prussia 3865: 3856: 3847: 3838: 3817: 3808: 3799: 3790: 3757: 3748: 3739: 3709: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3651: 3633: 3596: 2780:"British Divisions of 1914–1918" 2684:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 Part II p. 657 2559:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 Part II p. 655 2534: 2525: 2516: 2507: 2497: 2487: 2473: 2095:Ottoman counterattack on Es Salt 1987: 1883:2/21st Battalion London Regiment 1813:2/19th Battalion London Regiment 1759:Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment 1621:The headquarters of the Ottoman 1586:successfully bombed on 6 March. 1427:. By July it was hoped that 152 310: 299: 288: 277: 265: 254: 243: 232: 212: 200: 187: 174: 161: 148: 135: 121: 69: 6592:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 5792:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 4526: 4399:With the Cameliers in Palestine 4310:. Auckland: Exisle Publishing. 3877: 3503: 3494: 3485: 3476: 3467: 3402: 3365: 3356: 3299: 3290: 3272: 3193: 3106: 3083: 3074: 3053: 3044: 3035: 3026: 3017: 2975: 2966: 2957: 2948: 2939: 2930: 2905: 2852: 2829: 2820: 2799: 2790: 2762: 2717: 2696: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2660: 2464: 2454: 2445: 2431: 2421: 2411: 2401: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2364: 2347: 2176:Retreat 31 March – 2 April 1894:Auckland Mounted Rifle Regiment 1876:Shea's force crosses the Jordan 1693: 1192:Occupation of the Jordan Valley 360:German 703rd Infantry Battalion 6415:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 6274:Deportations from East Prussia 6071:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 4181:. London: Government Printer. 2768:Cutlack 1941 pp. 106 & 109 2639: 2618: 2574: 2553: 2160:Egyptian Camel Transport Corps 1811:, 60th (London) Division; the 358:145th and part 150th Regiments 354:3rd and 46th Assault Companies 1: 6326:Ukrainian Canadian internment 4267:Hughes, Matthew, ed. (2004). 4217:. Melbourne: Hawthorn Press. 2481:second Transjordan operations 2318:For the first time since the 2244: 2145: 2091:expense of the Amman attack. 2072: 1345: 1210:between 24 and 25 March. The 1174:(known to the British as the 6481:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 5780:Estonian War of Independence 5448:Southern Palestine offensive 4401:. Dunedin: Reed Publishing. 4378:Pugsley, Christoper (2004). 4106:Erickson, Edward J. (2001). 2170: 2050:Battle for Amman 27–30 March 1712:Imperial Camel Corps Brigade 1368:Egyptian Expeditionary Force 1366:, Commander in Chief of the 1244:Egyptian Expeditionary Force 1220:Imperial Camel Corps Brigade 1196:Sinai and Palestine Campaign 1178:) and to their enemy as the 430:Sinai and Palestine Campaign 344:Imperial Camel Corps Brigade 7: 6435:USA against Austria-Hungary 5834:Turkish War of Independence 5786:Latvian War of Independence 5511:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 5102:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 4477:Woodward, David R. (2006). 4000:. London: H.M. Stationers. 3408:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 335–6 3296:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 334–5 3199:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 333–4 3041:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 331–2 2227: 1777: 1732: 10: 6741: 6518:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 6066:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 5526:Second Battle of the Marne 5413:Second battle of the Aisne 5282:Second Battle of Champagne 5123:German invasion of Belgium 4458:Wavell, Field Marshal Earl 4342:Moore, A. Briscoe (1920). 4194:Gullett, Henry S. (1941). 2053: 1781: 1720:BL 2.75 inch Mountain Guns 1571: 1333:, including tunnels and a 1180:First Battle of the Jordan 56:First Battle of the Jordan 6624: 6583: 6504: 6443: 6405: 6349: 6338: 6299:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 6242: 6214: 6162: 6084: 6058: 6010: 5903: 5896: 5828:Irish War of Independence 5724: 5606: 5571:Armistice of Villa Giusti 5556:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 5481: 5383: 5310: 5211: 5168:First Battle of the Marne 5115: 5077: 5012: 5003: 4946: 4820: 4809: 4775: 4747: 4709: 4661: 4614: 4607: 4534: 3715:Sommers Diary 1919 15 May 2858:Keogh 1955 pp. 219, 220–1 2805:Blenkinsop 1925 pp. 223–4 1920:3rd Light Horse Regiments 1714:including their assigned 1423:and a single line beyond 1186:which occurred after the 899: 438: 376: 372:6,000 troops with 15 guns 364: 320: 225: 113: 79: 68: 60: 55: 6451:Constantinople Agreement 5744:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 5607:Co-belligerent conflicts 5576:Second Romanian campaign 5546:Third Transjordan attack 5257:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 5163:Battle of Grand Couronné 4397:Robertson, John (1938). 4382:. Auckland: Reed Books. 4325:Mitchell, Elyne (1978). 3616:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 349 3448:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 337 3371:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 329 3362:Scrymgeour 1961 pp. 51–2 3341:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 336 3305:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 335 3251:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 334 3124:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 333 3112:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 348 3103:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 332 3050:Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 322 2335: 1924:2nd Light Horse Regiment 1724:Royal Garrison Artillery 1157:Indian and Pacific Ocean 16:Battle fought during WWI 6514:Modus vivendi of Acroma 6466:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 5774:Greater Poland Uprising 5674:National Protection War 5551:Meuse–Argonne offensive 5501:German spring offensive 5496:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5272:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 5247:Second Battle of Artois 5128:Battle of the Frontiers 4306:Kinloch, Terry (2007). 4036:. London: John Murray. 4032:Bruce, Anthony (2002). 3979:Berrie, George (1949). 3862:Woodward 2006 pp. 168–9 3648:Cutlack 1941 pp. 109–10 3482:Mitchell 1978 pp. 146–7 3278:Kinloch 2007 pp. 259–60 3138:Woodward 2006 pp. 164–5 3080:Woodward 2006 pp. 163–4 2945:Erickson 2007 pp. 134–5 2902:Woodward 2006 pp. 165–6 1890:1st Light Horse Brigade 1801:German spring offensive 1500:The Balfour Declaration 1240:continue to be occupied 618:Berukin & 1st Arara 87:21 March – 2 April 1918 6539:Paris Peace Conference 6527:Ukraine–Central Powers 6321:Massacres of Albanians 6289:Late Ottoman genocides 6096:Bulgarian occupations 5804:Third Anglo-Afghan War 5768:Hungarian–Romanian War 5586:Naval Victory Bulletin 5581:Armistice with Germany 5531:Hundred Days Offensive 5458:Battle of La Malmaison 5408:Second battle of Arras 5375:Battle of Transylvania 5229:Second Battle of Ypres 5097:Sarajevo assassination 4986:South African Republic 4289:; Joan Graham (1955). 4215:The Desert Hath Pearls 3962:Baly, Lindsay (2003). 3706:Blenkinsop 1925 p. 225 3630:Cutlack 1941 pp. 108–9 3023:Cutlack 1941 pp. 112–3 2993:Blenkinsop 1925 p. 224 2675:Blenkinsop 1925 p. 223 2624:Woodward 2006 p. 161–2 2299: 2283: 2237: 2216: 2185: 2155: 2013: 1997: 1976: 1943: 1853: 1844:Bridgehead established 1824: 1754: 1708:Anzac Mounted Division 1703: 1648: 1607:lines of communication 1599:60th (London) Division 1568: 1536:and the forces of the 1513:already living there. 1439: 1355: 1261:in December, from the 1255:Battle of Mughar Ridge 1216:Anzac Mounted Division 532:2nd Southern Palestine 515:1st Southern Palestine 389:1,000 prisoners of war 356:48th Infantry Division 339:Anzac Mounted Division 334:60th (London) Division 226:Commanders and leaders 6725:20th century in Amman 6655:1918 in Ottoman Syria 6549:Treaty of St. Germain 6522:Russia–Central Powers 6476:Sykes–Picot Agreement 6304:Pontic Greek genocide 6279:Destruction of Kalisz 6255:Eastern Mediterranean 5816:Polish–Lithuanian War 5598:Armistice of Belgrade 5561:Armistice of Salonica 5491:Operation Faustschlag 5438:Third Battle of Oituz 5360:Baranovichi offensive 5328:Lake Naroch offensive 5302:Battle of Robat Karim 5277:Vistula–Bug offensive 5252:Battles of the Isonzo 5183:First Battle of Ypres 4142:Falls, Cyril (1930). 3796:Powles 1922 pp. 213–4 3787:Powles 1922 pp. 212–3 3745:Downes 1938 pp. 684–7 3697:Powles 1922 pp. 210–1 3688:Downes 1938 pp. 682–3 3679:Powles 1922 pp. 211–2 3657:Downes 1938 pp. 684–5 3500:Powles 1922 pp. 197–8 3491:Downes 1938 pp. 683–4 3473:Berrie 1949 pp. 188–9 3399:Wavell 1968 pp. 180–1 3152:Powles 1922 pp. 194–5 3059:Powles 1922 pp. 193–4 2911:Keogh 1955 pp. 209–10 2890:Wavell 1968 pp. 181–2 2636:Wavell 1968 pp. 176–7 2320:Second Battle of Gaza 2297: 2272: 2235: 2214: 2207:Evacuation of wounded 2180: 2153: 2067:Royal Horse Artillery 2056:First Battle of Amman 2007: 1995: 1974: 1941: 1851: 1819: 1752: 1701: 1678:(260-h.p. Mercedes), 1639: 1563: 1529:as their new rulers. 1469:line of communication 1437: 1385:Mesopotamian campaign 1353: 1226:) and artillery. The 1212:First Battle of Amman 1176:First Attack on Amman 999:Sinai & Palestine 520:Hafir el Auja railway 377:Casualties and losses 6544:Treaty of Versailles 6260:Mount Lebanon famine 6175:in the United States 6143:Russian occupations 5857:Turkish–Armenian War 5798:Polish–Ukrainian War 5738:Ukrainian–Soviet War 5685:Central Asian Revolt 5468:Armistice of Focșani 5198:Battle of Sarikamish 5148:Battle of Tannenberg 4544:Military engagements 3844:Bruce 2002 pp. 195–6 3823:Erickson 2007 p. 131 3176:Woodward 2006 p. 165 2981:Woodward 2006 p. 163 2972:Cutlack 1941, p. 112 2936:Erickson 2007 p. 133 2927:Erickson 2007 p. 134 2835:Bruce 2002 pp. 191–2 2786:on 16 December 2011. 2723:Hughes 1999 pp. 95–6 2645:Woodward 2006 p. 162 2603:Erickson 2001 p. 195 2286:Return to the Jordan 1803:was launched on the 1688:Bristol F.2 Fighters 1682:(260-h.p. Benz) and 1485:Battle of Tell 'Asur 1444:Jan Christiaan Smuts 1372:Imperial War Cabinet 1291:action of Tell 'Asur 1257:in November and the 1224:60th London Division 1190:in February and the 1184:Battle of Tell 'Asur 552:Hareira & Sheria 6611:They shall not pass 6534:Treaty of Bucharest 6491:Treaty of Bucharest 6430:USA against Germany 6407:Declarations of war 6111:German occupations 6024:British casualties 5883:Soviet–Georgian War 5810:Egyptian Revolution 5750:Armeno-Georgian War 5614:Somaliland campaign 5566:Armistice of Mudros 5443:Battle of Caporetto 5433:Battle of Mărășești 5403:Zimmermann telegram 5398:February Revolution 5343:Battle of the Somme 5267:Bug-Narew Offensive 5242:Battle of Gallipoli 5234:Sinking of the RMS 5026:Scramble for Africa 5020:Franco-Prussian War 4676:Sinai and Palestine 4434:Temporary Crusaders 3853:Cutlack 1941 p. 106 3775:Kinloch 2007 p. 277 3736:Cutlack 1941 p. 109 3639:Cutlack 1941 p. 107 3217:Cutlack 1941 p. 108 3089:Kinloch 2007 p. 258 2747:Cutlack 1941 p. 105 2735:Kinloch 2007 p. 255 2666:Pugsley 2004 p. 141 2580:Preston 1920, p.153 1506:Balfour Declaration 1381:British Indian Army 1281:to Jericho and the 1259:Battle of Jerusalem 1108:North-West Frontier 726:Afulah & Beisan 33: / 6571:Treaty of Lausanne 6486:Paris Economy Pact 6420:UK against Germany 6350:Entry into the war 6316:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 6035:Ottoman casualties 5845:Franco-Turkish War 5725:Post-War conflicts 5709:Russian Revolution 5691:Invasion of Darfur 5656:Kelantan rebellion 5644:Kurdish rebellions 5620:Mexican Revolution 5453:October Revolution 5418:Kerensky offensive 5393:Capture of Baghdad 5370:Monastir offensive 5355:Brusilov offensive 5193:Battle of Kolubara 5032:Russo-Japanese War 4231:Hill, Alec Jeffrey 4213:Hall, Rex (1975). 4013:Bou, Jean (2009). 3871:Dennis 2008 p. 128 3835:Wavell 1968 p. 182 3814:Powles 1922 p. 215 3754:Berrie 1949 p. 196 3724:Powles 1922 p. 211 3602:Downes 1938 p. 687 3565:Powles 1922 p. 200 3553:Hughes 2004 p. 140 3537:Powles 1922 p. 199 3525:Downes 1938 p. 686 3509:Powles 1922 p. 198 3464:Downes 1938 p. 684 3436:Downes 1938 p. 683 3422:Powles 1922 p. 197 3387:Downes 1938 p. 682 3353:Powles 1922 p. 192 3329:Hughes 2004 p. 138 3317:Wavell 1968 p. 181 3287:Powles 1922 p. 194 3269:Powles 1922 p. 196 3190:Powles 1922 p. 195 3164:Bruce 2002, p. 193 3014:Powles 1922 p. 202 2817:Downes 1938 p. 681 2300: 2238: 2217: 2156: 2014: 2010:Second Transjordan 1998: 1996:Map of Transjordan 1977: 1944: 1854: 1755: 1704: 1569: 1440: 1412:aircraft squadrons 1410:. Four additional 1356: 1293:, and advances by 1287:Capture of Jericho 1194:began, during the 1188:Capture of Jericho 1004:Hejaz & Levant 685:Northern Palestine 494:Southern Palestine 6720:April 1918 events 6715:March 1918 events 6637: 6636: 6620: 6619: 6604:The Golden Virgin 6598:Mutilated victory 6579: 6578: 6559:Treaty of Trianon 6554:Treaty of Neuilly 6461:Damascus Protocol 6334: 6333: 6294:Armenian genocide 6251:Allied blockades 6223:Belgian refugees 6006: 6005: 5916:Strategic bombing 5892: 5891: 5877:Franco-Syrian War 5851:Greco-Turkish War 5839:Anglo-Turkish War 5822:Polish–Soviet War 5756:German Revolution 5732:Russian Civil War 5715:Finnish Civil War 5541:Battle of Megiddo 5516:Battle of Goychay 5463:Battle of Cambrai 5423:Battle of Mărăști 5338:Battle of Jutland 5318:Erzurum offensive 5173:Siege of Przemyśl 5153:Siege of Tsingtao 5138:Battle of Galicia 5068:Second Balkan War 5056:Italo-Turkish War 5013:Pre-War conflicts 4999: 4998: 4889:Portuguese Empire 4805: 4804: 4767:German New Guinea 4749:Asian and Pacific 4488:978-0-8131-2383-7 4389:978-0-7900-0941-4 4317:978-0-908988-94-5 4278:978-0-7509-3841-9 4134:978-0-203-96456-9 4043:978-0-7195-5432-2 4024:978-0-521-19708-3 3763:Keogh 1955 p. 213 3579:Bruce 2002 p. 195 3237:Keogh 1955 p. 210 3071:Moore 1920 p. 103 3005:Keogh 1955 p. 212 2872:Bruce 2002 p. 194 2849:Hughes 1999 p. 73 2826:Keogh 1955 p. 207 2796:Bruce 2002 p. 193 2714:Bruce 2002 p. 192 2702:Keogh 1955 p. 208 2693:Bruce 2002 p. 189 1716:artillery battery 1597:commander of the 1480:would be great." 1461:William Robertson 1362:promised General 1248:Battle of Megiddo 1165: 1164: 1033:South West Africa 856: 855: 395: 394: 295:Liman von Sanders 109: 108: 37:31.933°N 35.933°E 6732: 6564:Treaty of Sèvres 6456:Treaty of London 6347: 6346: 6125:Northeast France 6056: 6055: 6028:Parliamentarians 5961: 5960: 5923:Chemical weapons 5901: 5900: 5662:Senussi campaign 5632:Muscat rebellion 5626:Maritz rebellion 5594: 5536:Vardar offensive 5365:Battle of Romani 5333:Battle of Asiago 5323:Battle of Verdun 5287:Kosovo offensive 5062:First Balkan War 5010: 5009: 4909:Russian Republic 4818: 4817: 4612: 4611: 4554:Economic history 4521: 4514: 4507: 4498: 4497: 4492: 4473: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4427: 4410: 4393: 4374: 4355: 4338: 4321: 4302: 4282: 4263: 4246: 4226: 4209: 4190: 4172: 4155: 4138: 4119: 4102: 4083: 4064: 4047: 4028: 4009: 3992: 3975: 3958: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3932:on 19 April 2012 3917: 3915: 3913: 3908:on 19 April 2012 3893: 3872: 3869: 3863: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3824: 3821: 3815: 3812: 3806: 3805:Hill 1978 p. 144 3803: 3797: 3794: 3788: 3785: 3776: 3773: 3764: 3761: 3755: 3752: 3746: 3743: 3737: 3734: 3725: 3722: 3716: 3713: 3707: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3689: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3658: 3655: 3649: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3617: 3614: 3603: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3580: 3577: 3566: 3563: 3554: 3551: 3538: 3535: 3526: 3523: 3510: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3474: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3449: 3446: 3437: 3434: 3423: 3420: 3409: 3406: 3400: 3397: 3388: 3385: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3354: 3351: 3342: 3339: 3330: 3327: 3318: 3315: 3306: 3303: 3297: 3294: 3288: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3252: 3249: 3238: 3235: 3218: 3215: 3200: 3197: 3191: 3188: 3177: 3174: 3165: 3162: 3153: 3150: 3139: 3136: 3125: 3122: 3113: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3090: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3060: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2994: 2991: 2982: 2979: 2973: 2970: 2964: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2937: 2934: 2928: 2925: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2891: 2888: 2873: 2870: 2859: 2856: 2850: 2847: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2775: 2769: 2766: 2760: 2759:Hill 1978 p. 143 2757: 2748: 2745: 2736: 2733: 2724: 2721: 2715: 2712: 2703: 2700: 2694: 2691: 2685: 2682: 2676: 2673: 2667: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2646: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2625: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2604: 2601: 2590: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2572: 2571:Robertson, p.170 2569: 2560: 2557: 2541: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2523: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2491: 2485: 2477: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2443: 2435: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2415: 2409: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2351: 2281: 2190: 1935:were Christian. 1837:2/20th Battalion 1830: 1392:6-inch howitzers 1206:in the hills of 894: 883: 876: 869: 860: 859: 775:Jisr Benat Yakub 572:Junction Station 433: 431: 421: 414: 407: 398: 397: 315: 314: 304: 303: 293: 292: 282: 281: 270: 269: 259: 258: 248: 247: 237: 236: 218: 216: 215: 206: 204: 203: 192: 191: 180: 178: 177: 167: 165: 164: 154: 152: 151: 141: 139: 138: 127: 125: 124: 81: 80: 73: 53: 52: 48: 47: 45: 44: 43: 38: 34: 31: 30: 29: 26: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6650:Battles in 1918 6640: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6616: 6575: 6507: 6500: 6471:Treaty of Darin 6439: 6401: 6357:Austria-Hungary 6343: 6330: 6311:Rape of Belgium 6238: 6210: 6158: 6152:Western Armenia 6147:Eastern Galicia 6080: 6054: 6018: 6017:Civilian impact 6016: 6002: 5959: 5888: 5720: 5650:Ovambo Uprising 5602: 5588: 5477: 5379: 5306: 5224:Battle of Łomża 5207: 5203:Christmas truce 5178:Race to the Sea 5111: 5073: 4995: 4966:Austria-Hungary 4942: 4877:Empire of Japan 4814: 4812: 4801: 4785:U-boat campaign 4771: 4743: 4705: 4657: 4603: 4584:Popular culture 4530: 4525: 4495: 4489: 4447: 4445: 4390: 4318: 4279: 4135: 4044: 4025: 3935: 3933: 3920: 3911: 3909: 3896: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3779: 3774: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3714: 3710: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3661: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3620: 3615: 3606: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3583: 3578: 3569: 3564: 3557: 3552: 3541: 3536: 3529: 3524: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3452: 3447: 3440: 3435: 3426: 3421: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3391: 3386: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3357: 3352: 3345: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3255: 3250: 3241: 3236: 3221: 3216: 3203: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3180: 3175: 3168: 3163: 3156: 3151: 3142: 3137: 3128: 3123: 3116: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3093: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3004: 2997: 2992: 2985: 2980: 2976: 2971: 2967: 2963:Falls pp. 330–1 2962: 2958: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2894: 2889: 2876: 2871: 2862: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2751: 2746: 2739: 2734: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2713: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2607: 2602: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2498: 2492: 2488: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2446: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2412: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2352: 2348: 2338: 2288: 2282: 2279: 2247: 2230: 2209: 2192: 2187: 2178: 2173: 2148: 2131: 2129:Medical support 2106: 2097: 2084: 2075: 2058: 2052: 2039: 1990: 1932: 1907: 1878: 1846: 1832: 1826: 1786: 1784:Battle of Hijla 1780: 1772:Philip Chetwode 1747: 1735: 1696: 1619: 1574: 1519:Sharif of Mecca 1502: 1348: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1161: 895: 889: 887: 857: 852: 667:3rd Transjordan 657:2nd Transjordan 640:1st Transjordan 434: 429: 427: 425: 390: 385: 383: 359: 357: 355: 353: 309: 308: 298: 297: 287: 286: 276: 264: 263: 253: 252: 250:Philip Chetwode 242: 241: 231: 213: 211: 210: 201: 199: 186: 175: 173: 162: 160: 149: 147: 136: 134: 122: 120: 105:Ottoman victory 97: 74: 41: 39: 35: 32: 27: 24: 22: 20: 19: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6738: 6728: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6595: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6536: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6516: 6510: 6508: 6506:Peace treaties 6505: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6411: 6409: 6403: 6402: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6392:United Kingdom 6389: 6384: 6382:Ottoman Empire 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6353: 6351: 6344: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6286: 6284:Sack of Dinant 6281: 6276: 6271: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6263: 6262: 6248: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6232:United Kingdom 6229: 6220: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6192: 6186:POW locations 6184: 6179: 6178: 6177: 6168: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6141: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6094: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6053: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6037: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6021: 6019: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5986:United Kingdom 5983: 5981:Ottoman Empire 5978: 5973: 5967: 5965: 5958: 5957: 5955:Trench warfare 5952: 5951: 5950: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5907: 5905: 5898: 5894: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5880: 5874: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5728: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5712: 5706: 5700: 5694: 5688: 5682: 5676: 5671: 5668:Volta-Bani War 5665: 5659: 5653: 5647: 5641: 5635: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5506:Zeebrugge Raid 5503: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5389: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5314: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5297:Battle of Loos 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5188:Black Sea raid 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5090:Historiography 5081: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5072: 5071: 5065: 5059: 5053: 5047: 5044:Bosnian Crisis 5041: 5038:Tangier Crisis 5035: 5029: 5023: 5016: 5014: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4971:Ottoman Empire 4968: 4963: 4958: 4952: 4950: 4948:Central Powers 4944: 4943: 4941: 4940: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4931:British Empire 4926:United Kingdom 4923: 4918: 4913: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4904:Russian Empire 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4858: 4857: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4826: 4824: 4822:Entente Powers 4815: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4790:North Atlantic 4781: 4779: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4753: 4751: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4701:Central Arabia 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4667: 4665: 4663:Middle Eastern 4659: 4658: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4638: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4620: 4618: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4564:Historiography 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4524: 4523: 4516: 4509: 4501: 4494: 4493: 4487: 4474: 4454: 4428: 4411: 4394: 4388: 4375: 4356: 4339: 4322: 4316: 4303: 4291:Suez to Aleppo 4283: 4277: 4264: 4247: 4227: 4210: 4191: 4173: 4156: 4139: 4133: 4120: 4103: 4084: 4065: 4048: 4042: 4029: 4023: 4010: 3993: 3976: 3959: 3942: 3918: 3894: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3864: 3855: 3846: 3837: 3825: 3816: 3807: 3798: 3789: 3777: 3765: 3756: 3747: 3738: 3726: 3717: 3708: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3659: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3618: 3604: 3595: 3581: 3567: 3555: 3539: 3527: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3475: 3466: 3450: 3438: 3424: 3410: 3401: 3389: 3373: 3364: 3355: 3343: 3331: 3319: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3280: 3271: 3253: 3239: 3219: 3201: 3192: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3140: 3126: 3114: 3105: 3091: 3082: 3073: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3034: 3025: 3016: 3007: 2995: 2983: 2974: 2965: 2956: 2947: 2938: 2929: 2913: 2904: 2892: 2874: 2860: 2851: 2837: 2828: 2819: 2807: 2798: 2789: 2778:Baker, Chris. 2770: 2761: 2749: 2737: 2725: 2716: 2704: 2695: 2686: 2677: 2668: 2659: 2647: 2638: 2626: 2617: 2605: 2591: 2582: 2573: 2561: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2543: 2542: 2533: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2496: 2486: 2472: 2463: 2453: 2444: 2440:Jisr ed Damieh 2430: 2420: 2410: 2400: 2391: 2382: 2373: 2363: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2342: 2337: 2334: 2287: 2284: 2277: 2246: 2243: 2229: 2226: 2208: 2205: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2147: 2144: 2130: 2127: 2105: 2104:Aerial support 2102: 2096: 2093: 2083: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2054:Main article: 2051: 2048: 2038: 2035: 1989: 1986: 1931: 1928: 1906: 1903: 1877: 1874: 1845: 1842: 1818: 1782:Main article: 1779: 1776: 1746: 1743: 1734: 1731: 1695: 1692: 1618: 1617:Ottoman forces 1615: 1573: 1570: 1534:T. E. Lawrence 1501: 1498: 1364:Edmund Allenby 1347: 1344: 1310:British Empire 1163: 1162: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1120:Naval theatres 1116: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1029: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1016: 1014:Central Arabia 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 970: 969: 963: 962: 957: 956: 955: 950: 945: 935: 930: 929: 928: 923: 913: 907: 906: 900: 897: 896: 886: 885: 878: 871: 863: 854: 853: 851: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 819: 818: 812: 811: 810: 809: 804: 797:Northern Syria 794: 793: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 761: 760: 756: 755: 750: 749: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 698: 693: 687: 686: 682: 681: 680: 679: 674: 672:Jisr ed Damieh 664: 659: 654: 653: 652: 647: 637: 632: 626: 625: 621: 620: 615: 609: 608: 604: 603: 602: 601: 600: 599: 594: 589: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 529: 528: 527: 522: 512: 507: 502: 496: 495: 491: 490: 488:Bir el Hassana 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 460: 455: 450: 444: 443: 439: 436: 435: 424: 423: 416: 409: 401: 393: 392: 387: 379: 378: 374: 373: 370: 367: 366: 362: 361: 348: 347: 346: 341: 336: 323: 322: 321:Units involved 318: 317: 274: 272:Edward Chaytor 239:Edmund Allenby 228: 227: 223: 222: 220:Ottoman Empire 197: 185: 184: 171: 158: 145: 129:British Empire 116: 115: 111: 110: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 95: 93: 89: 88: 85: 77: 76: 66: 65: 58: 57: 51: 50: 42:31.933; 35.933 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6737: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6606: 6605: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6572: 6569: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6404: 6398: 6397:United States 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6337: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6057: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6014: 6009: 5999: 5998:United States 5996: 5992: 5989: 5988: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5953: 5949: 5948:Convoy system 5946: 5945: 5944: 5943:Naval warfare 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5914: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5858: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5829: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5811: 5808: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5703:Kaocen revolt 5701: 5698: 5697:Easter Rising 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5262:Great Retreat 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5237: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5133:Battle of Cer 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5050:Agadir Crisis 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4939: 4938:United States 4936: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4878: 4875: 4874: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4856: 4855:French Empire 4853: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4808: 4798: 4797:Mediterranean 4795: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4777:Naval warfare 4774: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4653:Italian Front 4651: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4641:Eastern Front 4639: 4637: 4636:Western Front 4634: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4594:Puppet states 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4510: 4508: 4503: 4502: 4499: 4490: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4323: 4319: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4248: 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2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2276: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2257: 2251: 2242: 2234: 2225: 2221: 2213: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2184: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2152: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2126: 2124: 2123:Hejaz Railway 2118: 2115: 2112:road between 2111: 2101: 2092: 2088: 2079: 2070: 2068: 2062: 2057: 2047: 2043: 2034: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2011: 2006: 2002: 1994: 1988:Trek to Amman 1985: 1981: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1949:181st Brigade 1940: 1936: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1850: 1841: 1838: 1831: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1809:180th Brigade 1806: 1805:Western Front 1802: 1797: 1793: 1790: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1765: 1764:179th Brigade 1760: 1751: 1742: 1739: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1700: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1674:two-seaters, 1673: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1638: 1634: 1632: 1631:Eighth Armies 1628: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1611:Hejaz Railway 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1445: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417:railway track 1413: 1409: 1408:Western Front 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1377:Hejaz Railway 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1352: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1331:Hejaz Railway 1326: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1279:Jordan Valley 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1236:Jordan Valley 1233: 1232:Hejaz railway 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1142:Mediterranean 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1061: 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583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 533: 530: 526: 523: 521: 518: 517: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 497: 493: 492: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 445: 441: 440: 437: 432: 422: 417: 415: 410: 408: 403: 402: 399: 388: 384:1,010 wounded 381: 380: 375: 371: 369: 368: 363: 352: 349: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 331: 330: 329: 325: 324: 319: 313: 307: 302: 296: 291: 285: 280: 275: 273: 268: 262: 257: 251: 246: 240: 235: 230: 229: 224: 221: 209: 208:German Empire 198: 195: 190: 183: 172: 170: 169:British India 159: 157: 146: 144: 133: 132: 131: 130: 118: 117: 112: 104: 101: 100: 94: 91: 90: 86: 83: 82: 78: 72: 67: 64: 59: 54: 49: 46: 6609: 6602: 6590: 6197: / 6129: 5964:Conscription 5928:Cryptography 5865:Iraqi Revolt 5292:Siege of Kut 5235: 4813:participants 4762:German Samoa 4696:South Arabia 4478: 4461: 4446:. Retrieved 4433: 4415: 4398: 4379: 4361: 4343: 4326: 4307: 4290: 4287:Keogh, E. G. 4268: 4251: 4234: 4214: 4196: 4177: 4160: 4143: 4124: 4107: 4089: 4070: 4052: 4033: 4014: 3997: 3980: 3963: 3946: 3934:. Retrieved 3930:the original 3925: 3910:. Retrieved 3906:the original 3901: 3889: 3878:Bibliography 3867: 3858: 3849: 3840: 3819: 3810: 3801: 3792: 3759: 3750: 3741: 3720: 3711: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3653: 3644: 3635: 3598: 3505: 3496: 3487: 3478: 3469: 3404: 3367: 3358: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3274: 3195: 3108: 3085: 3076: 3055: 3046: 3037: 3028: 3019: 3010: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2950: 2941: 2932: 2907: 2854: 2831: 2822: 2801: 2792: 2784:the original 2773: 2764: 2719: 2698: 2689: 2680: 2671: 2662: 2641: 2620: 2585: 2576: 2555: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2499: 2489: 2475: 2466: 2456: 2447: 2433: 2423: 2413: 2403: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2366: 2361:and Medina. 2349: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2289: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2248: 2239: 2222: 2218: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2186: 2181: 2165: 2157: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2119: 2107: 2098: 2089: 2085: 2076: 2063: 2059: 2044: 2040: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 1999: 1982: 1978: 1962: 1954: 1945: 1933: 1912: 1908: 1899: 1887: 1879: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1833: 1827: 1825: 1820: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1769: 1756: 1740: 1736: 1728: 1705: 1694:Shea's force 1684:Halberstadts 1664:Albatros D.V 1661: 1653: 1649: 1644:stormtrooper 1640: 1635: 1620: 1609: – the 1592: 1588: 1575: 1531: 1515: 1511:Palestinians 1503: 1482: 1441: 1389: 1357: 1339:Ottoman Army 1327: 1307: 1269:line to the 1252: 1200:Jordan River 1179: 1175: 1171: 1169: 1113:Central Asia 1086:Asia-Pacific 1060:North Africa 1038:South Africa 1009:South Arabia 890:Theatres of 639: 607:Judean Hills 567:Mughar Ridge 557:Wadi el Hesi 525:Buggar Ridge 327: 326: 119: 114:Belligerents 61:Part of the 18: 6227:Netherlands 6204:Switzerland 6085:Occupations 6076:Spanish flu 5853:(1919–1922) 5847:(1918–1921) 5841:(1918–1923) 5830:(1919–1921) 5824:(1919–1921) 5818:(1919–1920) 5794:(1918–1920) 5788:(1918–1920) 5782:(1918–1920) 5764:(1918–1920) 5746:(1918–1920) 5740:(1917–1921) 5734:(1917–1921) 5681:(1916-1918) 5679:Arab Revolt 5670:(1915–1917) 5664:(1915–1917) 5652:(1914-1917) 5646:(1914–1917) 5640:(1914–1921) 5634:(1913–1920) 5622:(1910–1920) 5616:(1900–1920) 5589: [ 5107:July Crisis 5028:(1880–1914) 4691:Mesopotamia 4569:Home fronts 4528:World War I 4448:16 February 2256:Wadi Es Sir 2030:Wadi es Sir 1538:Arab Revolt 1429:locomotives 1228:Fourth Army 1055:East Africa 994:Mesopotamia 967:Middle East 892:World War I 816:Arab Revolt 624:Transjordan 587:Nebi Samwil 386:123 missing 351:Fourth Army 306:Jemal Pasha 284:Enver Pasha 182:New Zealand 40: / 6644:Categories 6444:Agreements 6244:War crimes 6120:Luxembourg 6013:Casualties 4884:Montenegro 4719:South West 4599:Technology 4589:Propaganda 4579:Opposition 3936:11 October 3912:10 October 2245:Withdrawal 2073:Casualties 1657:Ghoraniyeh 1527:Hashemites 1396:battalions 1360:War Office 1346:Background 1319:bridgehead 1152:Baltic Sea 1103:New Guinea 1072:Somaliland 790:Khan Ayash 662:Abu Tellul 613:Tell 'Asur 473:Bir el Abd 448:Suez Canal 328:Shea Group 196:insurgents 6341:Diplomacy 6048:Olympians 5971:Australia 5938:Logistics 5871:Vlora War 5800:(1918–19) 5776:(1918–19) 5770:(1918–19) 5758:(1918–19) 5705:(1916–17) 5687:(1916–17) 5638:Zaian War 5628:(1914–15) 5348:first day 5236:Lusitania 5064:(1912–13) 5058:(1911–12) 5046:(1908–09) 5040:(1905–06) 5022:(1870–71) 4811:Principal 4671:Gallipoli 4574:Memorials 4559:Geography 4549:Aftermath 4424:220903073 4352:561949575 4299:220029983 4223:677016516 4206:220900153 4152:256950972 4099:220879097 4080:220900299 4061:489040963 4006:460717714 3972:223425266 2548:Citations 2341:Footnotes 2171:Aftermath 1595:John Shea 1566:Keffiyehs 1546:Sherifian 1540:based on 1494:XXI Corps 1453:garrisons 1448:Palestine 1323:John Shea 1275:Jerusalem 1267:Beersheba 1147:Black Sea 1132:North Sea 989:Gallipoli 984:Kurdistan 948:Macedonia 848:Wadi Musa 716:2nd Arara 677:2nd Amman 650:1st Amman 582:Jerusalem 577:Ayun Kara 542:Khuweilfe 537:Beersheba 261:John Shea 156:Australia 6629:Category 6216:Refugees 6182:Italians 6171:Germans 6131:Ober Ost 5911:Aviation 5005:Timeline 4976:Bulgaria 4757:Tsingtao 4734:Togoland 4681:Caucasus 4616:European 4608:Theatres 4470:35621223 4407:35129262 4260:40891042 4233:(1978). 4187:29078007 4169:23101324 4116:43481698 3955:17017063 2278:— 2228:Refugees 2189:papers'. 2146:Supplies 1958:Wadi Sir 1778:21 March 1733:Supplies 1676:Rumplers 1490:XX Corps 1442:General 1404:infantry 1283:Dead Sea 1218:and the 1137:Atlantic 1093:Tsingtao 1077:Ethiopia 1050:Cameroon 1045:Togoland 974:Caucasus 765:Damascus 746:Tiberias 721:Nazareth 547:3rd Gaza 510:2nd Gaza 505:1st Gaza 478:Magdhaba 382:215 dead 365:Strength 92:Location 6367:Germany 6267:Germany 6195:Germany 6115:Belgium 6100:Albania 6059:Disease 6039:Sports 5991:Ireland 5904:Warfare 5897:Aspects 5085:Origins 5078:Prelude 4981:Senussi 4961:Germany 4956:Leaders 4894:Romania 4835:Belgium 4830:Leaders 4729:Kamerun 4711:African 4646:Romania 4624:Balkans 4539:Outline 4443:6825340 4371:2959465 4335:5288180 4243:5003626 4179:Majesty 3989:6273740 2461:wadies. 2325:Es Salt 1796:Hijla. 1627:Seventh 1603:viaduct 1572:Prelude 1473:Bedouin 1400:cavalry 1335:viaduct 1315:Ottoman 1299:Es Salt 1295:Allenby 1250:began. 1242:by the 1204:Es Salt 960:Ireland 938:Balkans 926:Finland 921:Romania 807:Haritan 706:Tulkarm 696:Megiddo 630:Jericho 597:El Burj 458:Jifjafa 28:35°56′E 25:31°56′N 6387:Russia 6362:France 6190:Canada 6105:Serbia 5976:Canada 5933:Horses 5885:(1921) 5879:(1920) 5873:(1920) 5867:(1920) 5859:(1920) 5812:(1919) 5806:(1919) 5752:(1918) 5717:(1918) 5711:(1917) 5699:(1916) 5693:(1916) 5658:(1915) 5070:(1913) 5052:(1911) 5034:(1905) 4991:Darfur 4916:Serbia 4899:Russia 4862:Greece 4850:France 4840:Brazil 4686:Persia 4629:Serbia 4485: 4468: 4441: 4422: 4405: 4386: 4369: 4350: 4333: 4314: 4297: 4275: 4258: 4241: 4221: 4204: 4185: 4167: 4150: 4131: 4114: 4097: 4078: 4059: 4040: 4021: 4004: 3987: 3970: 3953: 2484:Amman. 2330:attack 2114:Lubban 2110:Nablus 1668:scouts 1623:Fourth 1555:Madaba 1550:Tafila 1523:Feisal 1463:, the 1457:Medina 1285:. The 1238:would 1127:U-boat 1026:Africa 979:Persia 953:Greece 943:Serbia 904:Europe 828:Medina 802:Aleppo 780:Kaukab 753:Nablus 741:Samakh 711:Tabsor 701:Sharon 468:Romani 453:El Tor 217: 205: 179: 166: 153: 140: 126: 102:Result 6584:Other 6377:Japan 6372:Italy 6199:camps 6043:Rugby 5593:] 4872:Japan 4867:Italy 4845:China 4739:North 2359:Deraa 2336:Notes 1542:Aqaba 1425:Haifa 1303:Amman 1271:Jaffa 1098:Samoa 1065:Libya 933:Italy 843:Aqaba 838:Yanbu 823:Mecca 785:Kiswe 770:Irbid 759:Syria 736:Haifa 731:Jenin 691:Arsuf 645:Hijla 592:Jaffa 483:Nekhl 463:Katia 442:Sinai 6164:POWs 5483:1918 5385:1917 5311:1916 5212:1915 5116:1914 4921:Siam 4724:East 4483:ISBN 4466:OCLC 4450:2011 4439:OCLC 4420:OCLC 4403:OCLC 4384:ISBN 4367:OCLC 4348:OCLC 4331:OCLC 4312:ISBN 4295:OCLC 4273:ISBN 4256:OCLC 4239:OCLC 4219:OCLC 4202:OCLC 4183:OCLC 4165:OCLC 4148:OCLC 4129:ISBN 4112:OCLC 4095:OCLC 4076:OCLC 4057:OCLC 4038:ISBN 4019:ISBN 4002:OCLC 3985:OCLC 3968:OCLC 3951:OCLC 3938:2011 3914:2011 2371:112. 2355:Maan 1918:and 1680:LVGs 1670:and 1629:and 1492:and 1477:Arab 1475:and 1421:Rafa 1398:and 1358:The 1301:and 1263:Gaza 1208:Moab 1170:The 1019:Oman 833:Taif 500:Rafa 316:Asim 194:Arab 84:Date 2323:to 1916:1st 1672:AEG 1666:.a 1583:142 1578:AFC 562:Huj 6646:: 5591:It 3924:. 3900:. 3888:. 3828:^ 3780:^ 3768:^ 3729:^ 3662:^ 3621:^ 3607:^ 3584:^ 3570:^ 3558:^ 3542:^ 3530:^ 3514:^ 3453:^ 3441:^ 3427:^ 3413:^ 3392:^ 3376:^ 3346:^ 3334:^ 3322:^ 3310:^ 3256:^ 3242:^ 3222:^ 3204:^ 3181:^ 3169:^ 3157:^ 3143:^ 3129:^ 3117:^ 3094:^ 3064:^ 2998:^ 2986:^ 2916:^ 2895:^ 2877:^ 2863:^ 2840:^ 2810:^ 2752:^ 2740:^ 2728:^ 2707:^ 2650:^ 2629:^ 2608:^ 2594:^ 2564:^ 1690:. 1625:, 1305:. 6015:/ 4520:e 4513:t 4506:v 4491:. 4472:. 4452:. 4426:. 4409:. 4392:. 4373:. 4354:. 4337:. 4320:. 4301:. 4281:. 4262:. 4245:. 4225:. 4208:. 4189:. 4171:. 4154:. 4137:. 4118:. 4101:. 4082:. 4063:. 4046:. 4027:. 4008:. 3991:. 3974:. 3957:. 3940:. 3916:. 1273:– 1265:– 882:e 875:t 868:v 420:e 413:t 406:v

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Knowledge

First Battle of the Jordan

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