200:
191:
154:
142:
87:
98:
1362:
1374:
123:
300:
109:
1384:
311:, served as a storage facility for supplies and equipment being transferred from neighbouring Pakistan to the various guerrilla groups operating in the region. It also served as a training and command facility. The Mujahideen had dug tunnels up to 500 m into the Sodyaki Ghar mountain, with accommodations including a hotel, a
598:
The main attack came on
September 4, and was at first successful, capturing the village of Lezhi and killing a Mujahideen commander. Very soon the attack was halted at the Manay Kandow pass, that had been heavily fortified by the Mujahideen. For 10 days the defenders held out, but were finally forced
602:
At this point the
Mujahideen launched a counter-attack, led by their two T-55 tanks. The DRA were caught by surprise, as they had not expected to meet armour, and they fell back after sustaining heavy losses. The DRA commander tried to renew the assault, but by that time the Mujahideen had received
579:
The first offensive was launched in
September 1985 by elements of the 12th and 25th DRA divisions, supported by Soviet airpower, at a time when the major Mujahideen commanders were absent, including Haqqani, who was performing the
599:
to withdraw, under heavy airstrikes by Soviet aircraft. This enabled the DRA forces to cross the pass and capture the Tor Kamar position, overlooking Zhawar, from where they could direct artillery fire at the
Mujahideen base.
344:
heavy machine-guns for air defence. Additionally, other
Mujahideen groups were active in the area, and they participated in the defense of the base when necessary. These groups were part of various movements including the
1224:
1214:
552:
400:
820:
393:
158:
1420:
715:
606:
Finally after 42 days of fighting, the DRA units withdrew to their bases. This victory considerably boosted the morale of the
Mujahideen.
1410:
595:, and succeeded in capturing the village of Bori, to the northeast of Zhawar. They then ran into heavy resistance and had to pull back.
473:
386:
743:
Grau, Lester & Jalali, Ali Ahmad (September 2001). "The campaign for the caves: the battles for Zhawar in the Soviet-Afghan War".
928:
674:
1219:
889:
1415:
1387:
557:
1425:
1246:
813:
1177:
873:
544:
91:
1440:
625:
567:
690:
1377:
1316:
1295:
1229:
1198:
806:
438:
562:
1435:
1430:
1157:
923:
518:
359:
1337:
1021:
453:
333:
906:
615:
1302:
1137:
498:
1281:
829:
620:
483:
410:
273:
257:
28:
1309:
1167:
1011:
965:
918:
530:
353:
8:
1162:
1127:
1117:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1031:
1016:
985:
980:
523:
448:
424:
1366:
1344:
1026:
1001:
911:
776:
The Limits of Soviet
Airpower: The Failure of Military Coercion in Afghanistan, 1979-89
760:
468:
368:
280:
269:
163:
773:
1147:
970:
764:
508:
478:
1288:
1260:
1142:
1006:
752:
503:
493:
265:
172:
112:
1253:
1193:
1172:
955:
894:
841:
630:
537:
488:
458:
431:
308:
146:
55:
1323:
1274:
1152:
1132:
1122:
650:
513:
463:
443:
756:
1404:
975:
960:
899:
868:
676:
The Other Side of the
Mountain: Mujahideen Tactics in the Soviet-Afghan War
603:
reinforcements from
Pakistan, and they were able to repel further attacks.
347:
322:
The
Mujahedeen defending the base numbered 500, and they were armed with a
261:
167:
102:
97:
288:
199:
190:
153:
141:
86:
59:
716:"Loya Paktia's Insurgency: The Haqqani Network as an Autonomous Entity"
277:
220:
367:, though all in theory came under the authority of regional commander
1330:
1267:
225:
798:
378:
845:
326:
299:
127:
122:
108:
312:
284:
51:
742:
592:
585:
341:
337:
330:
581:
323:
316:
649:
In 1985, the area became part of the newly established
691:"THE CAMPAIGN FOR THE CAVES: THE BATTLES FOR ZHAWAR"
319:tanks that had been captured from the DRA in 1983.
1402:
315:, a medical point and a garage to house the two
260:between Afghan Army units, and their allies the
814:
713:
394:
307:The Mujahideen base at Zhawar, situated in
821:
807:
401:
387:
793:The Bear Trap: Afghanistan's Untold Story
791:Youssaf, Mohammad and Adkin Mark(1992),
553:Mujahideen raids inside the Soviet Union
298:
1338:Pictures from Afghanistan (documentary)
890:Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen
780:. University of New Brunswick Libraries
1403:
771:
745:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies
238:Unknown, presumably heavy (mainly DRA)
1225:Military equipment used by Mujahideen
828:
802:
408:
382:
276:. Their objective was to destroy the
1383:
591:The DRA forces first attacked from
13:
1411:Battles involving the Soviet Union
1178:Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
874:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
736:
672:
558:Pakistan–Soviet air confrontations
14:
1452:
474:Kulchabat, Bala Karz and Mushkizi
1421:Battles of the Soviet–Afghan War
1382:
1373:
1372:
1360:
198:
189:
152:
140:
121:
107:
96:
85:
568:Afghan SCUD attacks in Pakistan
1230:Afghanistan War Memorial, Kyiv
707:
683:
666:
643:
1:
1416:Battles involving Afghanistan
660:
563:KHAD-KGB campaign in Pakistan
374:
626:Afghan Civil War (1989-1992)
7:
609:
10:
1457:
1426:History of Paktia Province
1158:Battle of Arghandab (1987)
360:Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami
1354:
1345:Bitter Lake (documentary)
1238:
1207:
1186:
1110:
1044:
994:
948:
941:
882:
861:
854:
836:
757:10.1080/13518040108430488
420:
334:multiple rocket launchers
303:The Zhawar caves in 2002.
294:
232:
211:
182:
133:
78:
34:
26:
21:
1441:Massacres in Afghanistan
1199:Kabul students' uprising
636:
287:, 3 kilometers from the
16:Soviet–Afghan War battle
907:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
616:Second Battle of Zhawar
171:Fathullah Haqqani
1367:Afghanistan portal
1220:War in popular culture
1215:Soviet aircraft losses
1138:Battle of Maravar Pass
714:Thomas Ruttig (2009).
695:www.globalsecurity.org
304:
256:was fought during the
204:25th Infantry Division
195:12th Infantry Division
134:Commanders and leaders
42:September–October 1985
22:First Battle of Zhawar
302:
233:Casualties and losses
1310:The Living Daylights
1296:Charlie Wilson's War
1168:Battle for Hill 3234
1012:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
966:Konstantin Chernenko
919:Hezb-e Islami Khalis
772:Westermann, Edward.
584:, the pilgrimage to
354:Hezb-e Islami Khalis
1436:1986 in Afghanistan
1431:1985 in Afghanistan
1163:Operation Magistral
1128:Panjshir offensives
1118:Operation Storm-333
1111:Military operations
1032:Burhanuddin Rabbani
1017:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
986:Abdul Rashid Dostum
981:Mohammad Najibullah
673:Jalali, Ali Ahmad.
1317:The Magic Mountain
1027:Abdul Rahim Wardak
1002:Ahmad Shah Massoud
912:Maktab al-Khidamat
369:Jalaluddin Haqqani
305:
164:Jalaluddin Haqqani
70:Mujahideen victory
1396:
1395:
1187:Civilian protests
1148:Battles of Zhawar
1040:
1039:
971:Mikhail Gorbachev
937:
936:
830:Soviet–Afghan War
621:Soviet-Afghan War
576:
575:
545:Soviet withdrawal
412:Soviet–Afghan War
258:Soviet–Afghan War
247:
246:
207:“Zhawar Regiment”
113:Afghan Mujahideen
74:
73:
29:Soviet–Afghan War
1448:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1261:Afghan Breakdown
1143:Badaber uprising
1007:Abdul Ali Mazari
946:
945:
929:Ittehad i-Islami
859:
858:
823:
816:
809:
800:
799:
788:
786:
785:
768:
731:
730:
728:
726:
720:
711:
705:
704:
702:
701:
687:
681:
680:
670:
654:
647:
454:Padkhwab-e Shana
439:Student protests
415:
413:
403:
396:
389:
380:
379:
254:Battle of Zhawar
203:
202:
194:
193:
177:
157:
156:
145:
144:
126:
125:
111:
101:
100:
90:
89:
36:
35:
19:
18:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1303:The Kite Runner
1254:The 9th Company
1239:Films about war
1234:
1203:
1194:3 Hoot uprising
1182:
1173:Operation Arrow
1106:
1036:
990:
956:Leonid Brezhnev
933:
895:Jamiat-e Islami
878:
850:
842:Afghan conflict
832:
827:
783:
781:
739:
737:Further reading
734:
724:
722:
718:
712:
708:
699:
697:
689:
688:
684:
671:
667:
663:
658:
657:
648:
644:
639:
631:Haqqani Network
612:
577:
572:
549:
416:
411:
409:
407:
377:
309:Paktia Province
297:
242:
223:
197:
196:
188:
173:
170:
166:
151:
150:
147:Shahnawaz Tanai
139:
120:
119:
115:
95:
94:
84:
62:
56:Paktia Province
17:
12:
11:
5:
1454:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1380:
1370:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1324:Peshavar Waltz
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1275:All Costs Paid
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1208:Related topics
1205:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Battle of Jaji
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1133:Siege of Urgun
1130:
1125:
1123:Siege of Khost
1120:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1045:Events by year
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
996:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
952:
950:
943:
939:
938:
935:
934:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
915:
914:
904:
903:
902:
892:
886:
884:
880:
879:
877:
876:
871:
865:
863:
856:
852:
851:
849:
848:
837:
834:
833:
826:
825:
818:
811:
803:
797:
796:
789:
769:
738:
735:
733:
732:
706:
682:
664:
662:
659:
656:
655:
651:Khost Province
641:
640:
638:
635:
634:
633:
628:
623:
618:
611:
608:
574:
573:
571:
570:
565:
560:
555:
548:
547:
542:
535:
534:
533:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
429:
421:
418:
417:
406:
405:
398:
391:
383:
376:
373:
296:
293:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
230:
229:
217:
214:
213:
209:
208:
205:
185:
184:
183:Units involved
180:
179:
161:
136:
135:
131:
130:
105:
81:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
50:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1453:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1399:
1389:
1381:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1247:List of films
1244:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
993:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
976:Babrak Karmal
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
961:Yuri Andropov
959:
957:
954:
953:
951:
947:
944:
940:
930:
927:
925:
924:Hezb-e Wahdat
922:
920:
917:
913:
910:
909:
908:
905:
901:
900:Shura-e Nazar
898:
897:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
885:
881:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
860:
857:
853:
847:
843:
839:
838:
835:
831:
824:
819:
817:
812:
810:
805:
804:
801:
794:
790:
779:
777:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
740:
717:
710:
696:
692:
686:
678:
677:
669:
665:
652:
646:
642:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
607:
604:
600:
596:
594:
589:
587:
583:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
546:
543:
541:
540:
536:
532:
529:
528:
527:
526:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
434:
430:
428:
427:
423:
422:
419:
414:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
385:
384:
381:
372:
370:
366:
365:Mahaz-e-Melli
362:
361:
356:
355:
350:
349:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
301:
292:
290:
286:
282:
281:logistic base
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:
240:
237:
236:
231:
227:
222:
218:
216:
215:
210:
206:
201:
192:
187:
186:
181:
178:
176:
169:
165:
162:
160:
159:Qalandar Shah
155:
148:
143:
138:
137:
132:
129:
124:
118:
117:Supported by:
114:
110:
106:
104:
99:
93:
88:
83:
82:
77:
69:
66:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
45:
41:
38:
37:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1398:
1358:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
869:Soviet Union
855:Belligerents
840:Part of the
795:; Leo Cooper
792:
782:. Retrieved
775:
751:(3): 69–92.
748:
744:
723:. Retrieved
709:
698:. Retrieved
694:
685:
675:
668:
645:
605:
601:
597:
590:
578:
538:
524:
499:Maravar Pass
484:Baraki Barak
432:
425:
364:
358:
352:
348:Hezbi Islami
346:
321:
306:
283:situated at
262:Soviet Union
253:
250:
248:
174:
168:Yunis Khalis
116:
103:Soviet Union
79:Belligerents
27:Part of the
721:. p. 1
479:Caravan war
289:Durand line
243:321 injured
92:Afghanistan
60:Afghanistan
1405:Categories
1388:Multimedia
995:Mujahideen
883:Mujahideen
784:2007-03-29
700:2023-07-12
661:References
375:The Battle
329:, several
278:Mujahideen
268:groups of
266:mujahideen
264:, against
241:106 killed
221:mujahideen
1331:Rambo III
1289:Cargo 200
1282:The Beast
1268:Afghantsi
1022:Abdul Haq
765:144936749
531:Hill 3234
525:Magistral
519:Arghandab
426:Storm-333
336:and five
1378:Category
949:Alliance
862:Alliance
846:Cold War
844:and the
725:6 August
610:See also
449:Panjshir
363:and the
327:howitzer
212:Strength
128:Pakistan
47:Location
942:Leaders
504:Badaber
494:Laghman
469:Marmoul
270:Haqqani
175:†
763:
509:Zhawar
489:Kunduz
459:Rauzdi
433:3 Hoot
357:, the
351:, the
313:mosque
295:Zhawar
285:Zhawar
274:Khalis
67:Result
52:Zhawar
761:S2CID
719:(PDF)
637:Notes
593:Khost
586:Mecca
539:Arrow
464:Urgun
444:Khost
342:ZPU-2
338:ZPU-1
331:BM-21
251:First
228:tanks
1102:1989
1097:1988
1092:1987
1087:1986
1082:1985
1077:1984
1072:1983
1067:1982
1062:1981
1057:1980
1052:1979
727:2020
582:Hajj
514:Jaji
340:and
324:D-30
317:T-55
272:and
249:The
226:T-55
219:500
39:Date
753:doi
1407::
759:.
749:14
747:.
693:.
588:.
371:.
291:.
224:2
58:,
54:,
822:e
815:t
808:v
787:.
778:"
774:"
767:.
755::
729:.
703:.
679:.
653:.
402:e
395:t
388:v
149:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
