Firearms regulation in Canada

371: 5469: 620: 596: 4882: 716: 419:, introduced a six-month "grace period" for firearms licence renewals before an individual might otherwise face criminal charges and abolished the possession-only licence, permitting holders of such licences to enjoy the same full acquisition privileges as a PAL holders. The legislation also implemented mandatory training for all first-time firearms licence applicants. This legislation was passed and enacted in 2015, but the new Liberal government, formed in November 2015, pledged to reverse some of its provisions. 1100:, the minority Liberal government under Justin Trudeau, announced a nationwide ban on "military style weapons" and "all assault rifles". Neither of these two classifications had existed previously under Canadian law, but the policy effectively moved around 1500 types of firearms from the restricted and non-restricted categories to the prohibited column alongside automatic long-guns. Though a buyback program is being formulated for these types of weapons, it is not currently expected to be mandatory. 524: 814:(CFP), under the Deputy Commissioner Policing Support Services (PSS). There are three classes of firearms and firearm licences: non-restricted, restricted, and prohibited. Prohibited firearms are not forbidden outright, as the name might imply, but their legal possession and acquisition are dependent upon their registration history and an individual's firearm licence. As of December 1, 1998, the prohibited clause must be grandfathered to acquire or possess prohibited firearms. See 572: 764: 644: 4894: 331:. It implemented a new central licensing system to replace the FAC system. It also required registration of all firearms and firearm licence holders; banned short-barrelled handguns under 105 mm in length, in addition to banning .25 and .32-calibre handguns with "grandfathering" for previous owners; and required a licence to buy ammunition. Most of the bill's provisions came into force in 1998, and the registration of long guns became mandatory in 2003. 548: 692: 668: 500: 740: 788: 1077:, passed both the House and Senate and received royal assent on April 5, 2012. Following the 2012 changes to the law, Canadians were no longer required to register non-restricted firearms. Further, existing public records kept by the Canadian Firearms Registry with regards to owners of non-restricted firearms were purportedly expunged. The requirement for all firearms owners to possess a valid firearms licence remained law. 373: 377: 376: 372: 378: 962: 1073:. Similar legislation was again brought forward in the form of private member's Bill C-391 during the 40th Parliament but was narrowly defeated on September 22, 2010. During the 41st Parliament the newly formed Conservative majority government again introduced legislation to repeal the requirement to register non-restricted firearms and to destroy the registry database. Bill C-19, known as the 1492:

A 2011 study found no significant associations between gun laws passed and firearm homicide rates in Canada from 1974 to 2008. A 2020 study examining laws passed from 1981-2016 found no significant changes in overall homicide or suicide rates following changes in legislation. In addition, it also found that firearm ownership by province was not correlated to overall suicide rates by province.

375: 911:' design, being a stock that, when combined with a firearm, reduces the overall length of the firearm such that a substantial part of the reloading action or the magazine-well is located behind the trigger of the firearm when it is held in the normal firing position" (i.e., only removable stocks are prohibited by this regulation; fixed-stock firearms such as the 225:. Permission in writing from the territorial government was needed to possess any firearm (other than a smooth-bore shotgun), and also ammunition. Possession of a firearm or ammunition without the necessary permit was an offence, and could lead to the forfeiture of the firearm and ammunition. These gun control provisions applied to all of what is now Alberta, 366:, it had the support of the Conservative government. The bill was referred to the House of Commons Committee on Public Safety for further action. However, after several months of hearings, the Opposition majority on the committee recommended that no further action be taken to advance the bill. In September 2010, Bill C-391 failed to pass a third reading. 114:. Nearly 22% of Canadian households had at least one firearm, including 2.3% of households possessing a handgun. In 2005, almost 3% of households in Canada possessed handguns, compared to 18% of U.S. households that possessed handguns. Also in 2005, almost 16% of households in Canada possessed firearms of some kind. As of September 2010, the 380: 379: 248:, enacted in 1892, required individuals to have a permit to carry a pistol unless the owner had cause to fear assault or injury. Not until 1935 was it considered an offence to sell a pistol to anyone under 16. Vendors who sold handguns had to keep records, including purchaser's name, the date of sale and a description of the gun. 1491:

A comprehensive review of firearm control legislation found that studies on the effects of the 1977 bill C-51 and bill C-68 from 1995 on firearm homicide rates came to differing conclusions, but generally found that bill C-17 from 1991 was not associated with an overall reduction of firearm homicide.

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By law, a potential customer must be 18 years of age or older to purchase a firearm (non-restricted or restricted) or legally maintain possession of one. People under the age of 18 but over the age of 12 may procure a minor's licence, which does not allow them to purchase a firearm but allows them to

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Individuals who wish to possess or acquire firearms in Canada must have a valid possession-acquisition, or possession-only, licence (PAL/POL); either of these licences allows the licensee to purchase ammunition. The PAL is distributed exclusively by the RCMP and is generally obtained in the following

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area and needs the firearm for protection against wildlife, if the person's work involves guarding or handling money or other items of substantial value, or if the person's life is in imminent danger and police protection is inadequate to protect the person. The authorities almost never issue an ATC

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period of one year (later extended by a further year) in which licensed or previously licensed long-gun owners would not be punished for not registering their long guns. The legal requirement to register as set forth by law was not revoked; legislation to revoke the requirement to register long guns

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The maximum permitted capacity of a magazine is determined by the kind of firearm it is designed or manufactured for and not the kind of firearm that might actually use it. As a consequence, the maximum permitted capacity remains the same regardless of which firearm it might be used in. Example: The

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A major focus of C-17 was the control of military and paramilitary firearms. It created orders prohibiting or restricting most paramilitary rifles and some types of non-sporting ammunition. It prohibited firearms that had been converted to avoid a 1978 prohibition (exempting existing owners), and it

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Masters, Jonathan, "How do U.S. gun laws compare to other countries?", Public Broadcasting Service: News Hour and The Council on Foreign Relations, Updated on Nov 17, 2017, Published on June 13, 2016. www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/how-do-u-s-gun-laws-compare-to-other-countries. Retrieved February 16,

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Overall suicide in Canada peaked in 1978 at 14.5 per 100,000, declining by 22% (11.3 per 100,000) by 2004. Several studies have found that the 1977 bill C-51 was linked to lower suicide and firearm suicide rates in Canada. Several studies examining the effect of bill C-17 (primarily using data from

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Licences are typically valid for five years and must be renewed prior to expiry to maintain all classes. Once licensed for restricted firearms (RPAL), an individual can request a firearm transfer for the restricted firearm; and an authorization to transport (ATT) for restricted firearms. People may

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Safety training: To be eligible to receive a PAL, all applicants must successfully complete the Canadian Firearms Safety Course (CFSC) for a non-restricted licence, and the Canadian Restricted Firearms Safety Course (CRFSC) for a restricted licence (RPAL); the non-restricted class is a prerequisite

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received Royal Assent. The new legislation extended background checks from five years to a lifetime, implemented a point-of-sale registration by business, required authorization to transport restricted and prohibited firearms to locations other than the range (e.g. gunsmith, gun show, etc.) through

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In 1947, the definition of murder in the Criminal Code was expanded to include situations where an individual committed certain offences such as rape, robbery, burglary, or arson while armed with a weapon, and death ensued, whether or not the accused intended to cause death. This offence was struck

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Accidental death, of any kind, claimed 27.9 people per 100,000 in 2000. Of these, firearms accidents accounted for 0.3% (0.1 per 100,000), ranking below the 37% for transportation (10.2 per 100,000), 28% for unspecified (7.7 per 100,000), 18% for falls (5.1 per 100,000), and 11% for poisoning (3.1

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are limited to 5 cartridges. The capacity is measured by the kind of cartridge the magazine was designed to contain. In some cases the magazine is capable of containing more than 10 rounds of a different calibre; however, that is not relevant in the determination of the maximum permitted capacity.

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registration was added in 1951. In 1969, laws classified firearms as "non-restricted", "restricted", and "prohibited". Starting in 1979, people who wished to acquire firearms were required to obtain a firearms acquisition certificate (FAC) from their local police agency. From 1995 to present, all

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In the years immediately following the introduction of firearms licensing in Canada in 1976, the overall homicide rate did not significantly decline. Increases were seen in the proportion of murders committed by methods other than shooting; but these homicides were less likely to involve multiple

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and stored in secure, locked containers. In rarer cases, section 20 of the act allows individuals to receive an authorization to carry, or ATC, granting permission to carry loaded restricted firearms or (section 12(6)) prohibited handguns on their persons for certain reasons specified in the act.

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In November 2009, Bill C-391 passed second reading in the House of Commons by a vote of 164 to 137. If passed through the entire parliamentary process by the House and Senate, the bill would have abolished the requirement to register non-restricted long guns. While the proposed legislation was a

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On October 21, 2022, the Government of Canada implemented a freeze on handgun (that were already restricted and registered) transfers and proposed a gun buyback program. As of April 2024, collection of the "unloaded and secured" firearms that were reclassified as prohibited in "government-issued

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A category that includes several different categories of firearm designed before 1898, although not all firearms built before this cutoff date are eligible for antique classification. Guns considered antiques are not legally considered firearms, and can be purchased and owned without a PAL. The

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ruled against Quebec, entirely eliminating non-restricted registry records. However, the government of Quebec received a partial copy of the deleted federal firearms registry, and created a provincial firearms registry. The government of Quebec gave residents until January 29, 2019, to register

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between the 1890s and the 1970s introduced a series of controls on firearms, including registration of handguns, and later, registration of fully automatic firearms. In the late 1970s, additional controls were introduced, followed by additional increases in controls in the mid-1990s.

438:, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced On May 1, 2020, that 1,500 models of "assault-style" weapons, largely semi-automatic guns, would be classified as prohibited effective immediately. However, the term "assault-style" is not defined in Canadian law. The law grants a two-year 827:

to the restricted licence. And individual must pass the courses with 80% or higher to obtain the course report proving that the individual passed the course. Each province/territory's chief firearms officer publishes information on the locations and availability of these courses.

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borrow a non-restricted firearm unsupervised and purchase ammunition. Children under the age of 12 that are found to need a non-restricted firearm to hunt or trap may also be awarded the minor's licence. This is generally reserved for children in remote locations, primarily

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In 1991, Bill C-17 was introduced, coming into force between 1992 and 1994. It required FAC applicants to pass a safety course in addition to a thorough background check, and to wait a minimum of 28 days after applying before an FAC could be issued. It also created new

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Hundreds of other firearms listed by name, including any variants or modified versions. The list includes shotguns, carbines, rifles, pistols, and submachine guns. This includes all versions (even semi-automatic) of certain military weapons such as the AK-47 and the

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provides a legal framework wherein an individual may acquire, possess, and carry a restricted or (a specific class of) prohibited firearm for protection from other individuals when police protection is deemed insufficient. This situation is extremely rare: the RCMP

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In a study of gun ownership in selected nations, Canada's level of gun ownership (21.8%) was similar to France's (23.8%) and Sweden's (16.6%). Of the eight countries compared, firearm ownership was highest in the United States (48.6%) and lowest in the Netherlands

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created categories of "non-restricted", "restricted" and "prohibited" firearms. Police were also given preventive powers of search and seizure by judicial warrant if they had grounds to believe that firearms that belonged to an individual endangered the safety of

374: 415:. This legislation reduced required paperwork for the transportation of restricted firearms, held by licensed firearms owners, for certain lawful activities (such as transportation to a shooting range and to gunsmiths or gun shows). It lifted the ban on the 1336:

makes it an offence to possess prohibited or restricted firearms other than at a dwelling-house or authorized location, but there are two exceptions to this prohibition found in sections 19 and 20 of the act. Section 19 allows for persons to be issued an

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Austen, Ian, "In Sweeping Weapons Bill, Canada Would Allow Cities to Ban Handguns: The legislation, building on a ban of military-style weapons issued last year, would also make it easier to revoke gun licenses." The New York Times, (February 16, 2021).

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Applying for a licence: Currently only two types of licences are available to new applicants, the possession-acquisition licence (PAL), and the restricted-class possession-aquisition licence (RPAL). People can request a PAL/RPAL by filling out Form

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owners for a registration fee and an amnesty (until May 16, 2011) temporarily protected licensed owners of non-restricted firearms (or those whose licences had expired since January 1, 2004) from prosecution for the possession of unregistered long

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on the basis that a person's life is in imminent danger and police protection is inadequate. As of October 2018, only two permits for protection of life were actively issued in the country. The vast majority of ATCs issued are to employees of

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Quebec) found that it was associated with a decline in firearm suicides, but that the rate of overall suicides did not change, largely because of a rise in suicides due to hanging, suggesting a substitution of suicide methods.

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offences, new definitions for prohibited and restricted weapons, and new regulations for firearms dealers. It increased penalties for firearm-related crimes. It clearly outlined regulations for firearms storage, handling and

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Connally, Amanda, "Canada’s gun ban has some owners confused, angry. Here’s what we know about the rules", Global News (May 28, 2020). globalnews.ca/news/6964855/canada-gun-ban-details/. Retrieved February 16,

5353: 3186: 286:. Applicants were required to pass a basic criminal record check before receiving the FAC. Fully automatic firearms were reclassified from restricted to prohibited-class, with an exception for current owners ( 2386: 1239:

Regulations Amending the Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and Other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited, Restricted or

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While self-defence is rarely considered a legal reason for attaining a PAL, the use of force with a firearm is legal as long as the accused can prove that their life was in danger. Sections 34 and 35 of the

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strengthened transportation requirements; and, safeguard the impartial classification of firearms by putting the responsibility in the hands of technical experts, who make these determinations based on the

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Requires a restricted possession and acquisition licence (RPAL) to acquire and possess at a minimum. Canada's federal laws severely restrict the ability of civilians to transport restricted or prohibited

1049:. Unlike other restricted weapons, in order to legally own a fully automatic firearm in Canada the long-gun needs to not only have a current registration but must also have been registered prior to 1978. 5443: 5288: 5565: 842:(s), as well as interviews with 2 references are performed. All applicants are screened, and a mandatory 28-day waiting period is imposed on first-time applicants, but final approval time may be longer. 5515: 871: 1801: 2880:

Masters, Jonathan, "How do U.S. gun laws compare to other countries?", PBS/CFR. (June 2016). www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/how-do-u-s-gun-laws-compare-to-other-countries. Retrieved February 16, 2021.

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The firearms of the designs commonly known as the High Standard Model 10, Series A shotgun and the High Standard Model 10, Series B shotgun, and any variants or modified versions of them.

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Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted (SOR/98-462)

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Legislation in 1934 required the registration of handguns with records identifying the owner, the owner's address and the firearm. Registration certificates were issued and records kept by the

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Many common magazines are manufactured to hold more rounds than law allows in Canada. These magazines must be permanently altered so they no longer hold more than the number of rounds (5 for

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to eliminate the requirement to register non-restricted firearms that had existed from 2001 - 2012. The requirement for all firearms owners to possess a valid firearms licence remained law.

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All single-shot cartridge-firing centrefire rifles chambered in calibres of over 8.6 millimetres (0.34 in), and all smoothbore shotgun conversions of such rifles regardless of calibre.

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Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted

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Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law, 2nd Edition [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law

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Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law, 2nd Edition [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law

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was introduced by the government during the 39th Parliament but was not brought to a vote. It was opposed by the Opposition parties who together had a majority of seats in the

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per 100,000). Two studies by Leenaars and Lester using national data from 1969 to 1985 find that bill C-51 was associated with a reduced accidental death rate from firearms.

5418: 5343: 3216: 3299: 1205:(12.2), or "converted automatics" (12.3) (i.e.: firearms which were originally fully automatic, but have been modified to discharge ammunition in a semi-automatic fashion) 2074: 2290: 1693: 169:, and impose restrictions banning the sale, purchase, importation or transfer of handguns (that were already restricted). The legislation would also ban toys – such as 4829: 4566: 2859: 2833: 3178: 4707: 2997: 2378: 2097: 408:

On February 15, 2012, Bill C-19 passed third reading in the House of Commons; the motion to abolish the long gun registry passed 159 to 130 and Bill C-19 became law.

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Automatic firearms were added to the category of firearms that had to be registered in 1951. The registry system was centralized under the commissioner of the RCMP.

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In 2001, the registration portion of Bill C-68 was implemented. The government asked for all firearms, including long guns (rifles and shotguns), to be registered.

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victims. From 1977 to 2003, Canada firearm homicide has declined from 1.15 to 0.5 per 100,000, while other mechanisms declined from 1.85 to 1.23 per 100,000.

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As of 2010, shooting and stabbing represented the two most common mechanisms for homicide in Canada, each accounting for approximately one-third of murders.

1147:. The correct license is required to acquire and possess the category of firearm (PAL for non-restricted, RPAL for restricted, Prohib 12.x for prohibited). 3120: 1823: 1793: 1732: 1624: 4784: 2355: 1861: 2590: 1386:

Any firearm that can be fired when the overall length has been reduced by folding, telescoping, or other means to less than 660 millimetres (26 in)

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that are 105 millimetres (4.1 in) and under (excluding barrels of pistols used in international sporting competitions governed by the rules of the

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The following guns are considered antiques if they were designed before 1898, regardless of manufacture date, making modern replicas free to possess:

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recorded a total of 1,831,327 valid firearm licences, which is roughly 5.4% of the Canadian population. The four most licensed provinces are

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Authorizations to Carry Restricted Firearms and Certain Handguns Regulations. Department of Justice Canada. Retrieved November 26, 2011.

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In 1977, Bill C-51 required firearms acquisition certificates (FACs) to purchase any firearm, and introduced controls on the selling of

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These reasons are as follows: if the person is a licensed trapper and carries the firearm while trapping, if the person is in a remote

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In October 2014, Public Safety Minister Stephen Blaney and the Conservatives introduced another bill, Bill C-42, also known as the

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Like licences, firearms are classified into prohibited, restricted and non-restricted categories, as defined by Part III of the

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application refers only to protection of life during employment that involves handling of valuable goods or dangerous wildlife.

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hunt with firearms in Canada only with non-restricted firearms, and this requires an additional "Hunting with Firearms" course.

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Regulations Prescribing Exclusions from Certain Definitions of the Criminal Code (International Sporting Competition Handguns)

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or explosive ammunition designed for use in or in conjunction with a cartridge and does not exceed 15 mm in diameter.

5843: 4955: 4343: 3973: 1622:"Firearms in Canada and Eight Other Western Countries: Selected Findings of the 1996 International Crime (Victim) Survey" 1177:

that are designed to discharge .25 or .32 calibre ammunition (subject to exception for international sport competitions);

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In 2003, the registration of long guns became mandatory. Failure to register a firearm resulted in criminal charges.

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All cartridge-firing long arms and handguns chambered in mostly obscure large-calibre rimfire cartridges, such as

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The issue of the legality of self-defence with a firearm in Canada has been the subject of controversy. While

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Firearm known as SSS-1 Stinger and any similar firearm designed or of a size to fit in the palm of the hand

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Langmann, Caillin (1 August 2012). "Canadian Firearms Legislation and Effects on Homicide 1974 to 2008".

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Firearms with bore diameters of 20mm or more (despite concerns expressed by some, this does not include

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Firearm capable of discharging dart or other object carrying electric current or substance, including

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All handguns are restricted firearms at a minimum; some handguns are prohibited firearms (see above).

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companies to allow carry of a company owned firearm only while working. Restrictions are as follows:

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www.nytimes.com/2021/02/16/international-home/handgun-bill-canada.html. Retrieved February 16, 2021.

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non-restricted firearms within the province with the Quebec Firearms Registration Service (SIAF).

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Centrefire cartridge handguns chambered in calibres that are no longer widely available, such as

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the barrel length is less than 457 millimetres (18.0 in) (regardless of overall length), or;

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Rifles and shotguns that have been altered by sawing, cutting or any other means, so that:

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prohibited high-capacity magazines for automatic and semi-automatic firearms. (It limited

8: 5477: 5077: 4712: 4630: 4586: 4525: 4338: 4218: 4075: 1992:"Polytechnique shooting survivors call on Liberals to ban sales of assault-style weapons" 1020:, 10 for pistols) allowed by law. Acceptable ways to alter a magazine are set out in the 998: 989: 973: 889: 443: 442:

period and provides owners with various methods to dispose, register or participate in a

166: 3594: 3348: 95:(PAL), a possession-only licence (POL), a FAC, or a minor's licence. In April 2012, the 5188: 5168: 5103: 5072: 5016: 5001: 4727: 4603: 4530: 4468: 4375: 4329: 4250: 4213: 4137: 3640: 3613: 3578: 3559: 3511: 3486: 2083: 1118: 322: 264: 34: 5241: 1045:

As of January 1, 2001, all firearms in Canada were required to be registered with the

936:; for example: KTW and THV round, 5.7 × 28 mm (excluding sporting rounds such as 5183: 5153: 5067: 5052: 4824: 4794: 4742: 4702: 4692: 4664: 4637: 4473: 4419: 4394: 4113: 4103: 3807: 3618: 3551: 3516: 3372: 2897: 2234:"Harper Government: New Provisions Of Common Sense Gun Licensing Act Coming To Force" 1974: 1763: 1589: 1277: 1202: 1160: 1052:

The repeal of the long-gun registry had been a long-standing campaign promise of the

966: 251:

In the 1920s, permits became necessary for all firearms newly acquired by foreigners.

107: 87: 3669: 3579:"Effect of firearms legislation on suicide and homicide in Canada from 1981 to 2016" 3563: 1088:, after the provincial government challenged the repeal in the courts. In 2015, the 5647: 5087: 5047: 4986: 4860: 4737: 4687: 4682: 4266: 3995: 3949: 3751: 3608: 3598: 3543: 3506: 3498: 1306: 1299: 1295: 1017: 835: 529: 198: 158: 131: 2379:"Ottawa will let gun owners keep 'military-style' firearms despite nationwide ban" 818:

below for complete details on prohibited, restricted and non-restricted firearms.

149:

would immediately reclassify as prohibited around 1,500 models of "military-grade

4898: 4717: 4654: 4620: 4424: 4149: 4127: 4122: 3603: 3432: 3347:

Program, Government of Canada, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canadian Firearms.

2977: 2812: 2439: 2267: 2078: 1944: 1892: 1756:"Canada Aims to Force Owners of 'Military-Style Assault Weapons' to Turn Them In" 1650: 1628: 1422:

following types of firearm are classified as antiques if they were both designed

1010: 916: 897: 861: 353:

In 2006, although legislation was still in place, the government no longer asked

154: 72: 3663:"Suicide in Canada: Update of the Report of the Task Force on Suicide in Canada" 3111:

Government of Canada, Public Works and Government Services Canada (1 May 2020).

2204:"The 'Common Sense Firearms Licensing Act' Is Now The Law Of The Land In Canada" 1723:

Government of Canada, Public Works and Government Services Canada (1 May 2020).

4772: 4722: 4144: 4132: 4098: 3904: 1342: 1254: 1250: 385: 298: 287: 142: 1285: 5902: 4886: 4240: 4154: 4005: 3547: 2178: 2127: 1767: 1448: 1329: 1156: 577: 340:(2000). The FAC system was replaced with possession-only licences (POLs) and 111: 76: 3502: 2291:"Firearms groups apoplectic after Liberals promise new gun control measures" 1379:

is capable of discharging centre-fire ammunition in a semi-automatic manner.

1084:

applied across Canada, implementation of the law was temporarily delayed in

258:(RCMP) or by other police forces designated by provincial attorneys general. 189:

In Canada, controls on civilian use of firearms date from the early days of

4677: 4108: 4035: 3622: 3555: 3520: 2917: 1527: 1455: 1346: 1109: 1006: 769: 226: 181:

reportedly informing the government of concerns about employee's security.

60: 1854:"Canada Post refusing to collect banned guns for Ottawa's buyback program" 4203: 4015: 3485:

Santaella-Tenorio J, Cerdá M, Villaveces A, Galea S (February 10, 2016).

3426:

Use of Firearms in Canadian Homicides 1972–1982: The Need for Gun Control

2050: 1431: 1013:

LAR-15 pistol, regardless of the kind of firearm it is actually used in.

985: 977: 649: 318:

to ten rounds and most semi-automatic centre-fire rifles to five rounds.)

210: 178: 170: 3292:""Access to Information request reveals only two ATC permits to carry," 1056:. In early 2006, the Conservative Party became the largest party in the 3839: 1351: 1281: 1270: 878: 867: 283: 275: 4910: 2322:"PM Trudeau announces federal ban on assault-style firearms in Canada" 2049:. Canadian Criminal Justice Association. February 2012. Archived from 1376:

that has a barrel length less than 470 millimetres (18.5 in), and

5482: 4508: 3484: 2737:"Maximum Permitted Magazine Capacity - Royal Canadian Mounted Police" 1475: 1471: 1467: 1435: 1262: 1258: 949: 920: 394: 262:

down as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1987 in the case of

3238:"Everything you need to know about Canada's new firearms ban | News" 2043:"Bill C-19 - An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act" 1794:"Canada introduces law to freeze handgun sales, ban look-alike toys" 424:

An Act to Amend certain Acts and Regulations in relation to firearms

91:

firearms owners are required to possess a firearms licence—either a

5468: 4762: 4000: 1532: 1302: 1135:

provide the legal framework of the use of force against intruders.

980:

cartridges and designed or manufactured for use in a semiautomatic

888:

Electrical or mechanical devices designed or adapted to render the

553: 354: 315: 230: 68: 3177:

Government of Canada, Royal Canadian Mounted Police (2020-05-05).

4056: 4020: 3990: 1313: 1312:

Firearms that produce 10,000 joules of energy or more (including

1174:

with a barrel length less than 105 millimetres (4.1 in), or;

1065: 1002: 981: 937: 912: 908: 904: 697: 673: 505: 439: 238: 127: 119: 83: 64: 2920:. SIAF : Québec Firearms Registration Service. 2019-01-29. 1882:"History of Firearms Control in Canada: Up to and Including the 4030: 3799: 2767:"Firearm Users Younger than 18 - Royal Canadian Mounted Police" 1971:

The Global Gun Epidemic: From Saturday Night Specials to AK-47s

1085: 839: 745: 388:’s remarks announcing a ban on assault-style firearms in Canada 123: 3756: 1960:, RSC 1927, c. 36, s. 260, as amended by SC 1947, c. 55, s. 7. 961: 297:

spurred a movement for stronger gun control in Canada, led by

4061: 1220: 793: 234: 1194:

the overall length is less than 660 millimetres (26 in)

984:

are limited to 10 cartridges. Magazines designed to contain

3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 2583: 405:, to abolish the long gun registry and destroy all records. 51: 3759:

by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in English and French

3768: 1291:

Pistols of the design commonly known as CZ Scorpion EVO 3

1223:

Public Defender and any variant or modified version of it

217:

The Parliament instituted a system of gun control in the

3471: 2098:"Bill C-19 is law – Canada's Long Gun Registration Ends" 1482: 810:

All licensing and registration is managed by the RCMP's

106:

A 1996 study showed that Canada was in the mid-range of

5271: 1444:

Rimfire smoothbore shotguns in calibres other than .22.

3763:

The gun registry debate: Implementing the Firearms Act

3420: 3418: 197:

could impose penalties for carrying a handgun without

2465:"Prohibited Firearms - Royal Canadian Mounted Police" 988:

cartridges and designed or manufactured for use in a

5677: 3209:"Canada Gun Ban Will Not Include Waterfowl Shotguns" 3176: 3110: 1722: 969:

30 round magazines that have been pinned to 5 rounds

934:

Handgun ammunition designed to penetrate body armour

3442:(1):31–37. NCJ 109420. Retrieved on: March 9, 2012. 3415: 2471:. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. December 3, 2013. 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1792:Shakil, Ismail; Paperny, Anna Mehler (2022-05-31). 1644:

Criminal Victimisation in International Perspective

1027: 334:The legislation was upheld by the Supreme Court in 3700:. Justice.gc.ca. November 14, 2007. Archived from 3063: 3061: 3059: 2523:. Rcmp-grc.gc.ca. February 5, 2004. Archived from 2156:. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 10 October 2019. 1670:. Rcmp-grc.gc.ca. November 1, 2010. Archived from 1631:, Canada Firearms Centre. Accessed: June 11, 2014. 1560:. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 10 October 2019. 2731: 2729: 1895:Canadian Firearms Centre. Accessed: June 3, 2006. 1005:uses magazines designed and manufactured for the 475: 472: 469: 256:commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police 5900: 2889: 1868: 1824:"Canada's freeze on handgun sales now in effect" 1581: 3056: 2457: 2288: 450: 75:of more than 500 ft/s or 150 m/s and 3424:Sproule, C. & Kennett, D. (January 1988). 2726: 5663: 5257: 4926: 3784: 1791: 1412:Firearms, other than those referred to above. 1288:(including any variants or modified versions) 1273:(including any variants or modified versions) 209:The following is a summary of the history of 5591:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 3377:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2702: 2700: 2521:"Canadian Restricted Firearms Safety Course" 1116:recognizes self-defence with a firearm. The 393:On October 25, 2011, Public Safety Minister 3727:"Mortality, summary list of causes: Tables" 2883: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2266:. News.gc.ca. June 18, 2015. Archived from 1103: 838:and interviews with current and any former 5670: 5656: 5264: 5250: 4933: 4919: 3855:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945) 3791: 3777: 3269:. Laws-lois.justice.gc.ca. 22 March 2006. 2376: 2313: 1753: 1276:Carbines of the designs commonly known as 184: 79:greater than 4.2 ft⋅lb or 5.7 J. 49:, currently a program operated within the 3612: 3602: 3510: 1821: 1575: 1466:Non-cartridge-firing long guns which use 1389:Firearms prescribed as restricted by the 1237:Firearms prescribed as prohibited by the 1208:Firearms prescribed as prohibited by the 3576: 3533: 3206: 2677: 2549:. Pub.rcmp-grc.gc.ca. January 11, 2011. 1898: 1332:) firearms in public. Section 17 of the 1249:Rifles of the designs commonly known as 960: 927: 369: 4940: 4327: 3302:from the original on September 22, 2020 2575:. RCMP. October 5, 2011. Archived from 2023:from the original on September 24, 2015 1851: 1754:Austen, Ian; Isai, Vjosa (2022-05-30). 850: 5901: 4751: 3459:from the original on February 16, 2013 2971:Part 1, Section 2: Protection of Life. 2714:from the original on November 26, 2011 2319: 2134:from the original on December 21, 2016 1639: 1637: 1458:) handguns and cap-and-ball revolvers. 5651: 5245: 4914: 4557:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations 3772: 2553:from the original on February 8, 2011 2497:. Rcmp-grc.gc.ca. February 13, 2004. 2301:from the original on October 20, 2021 2244:from the original on 15 February 2016 2214:from the original on 16 February 2016 1483:Violent crime, suicide, and accidents 1112:is legal, it is very restricted. The 855: 233:, the current Northwest Territories, 86:registration became law in 1934, and 2830:"Private Member's Bill C-391 (40-2)" 2629:from the original on January 4, 2011 2547:"CFSC and CRFSC Contact Information" 2501:from the original on January 5, 2011 2475:from the original on October 2, 2013 2433:2019 Commissioner of Firearms Report 2370: 1864:from the original on April 23, 2024. 1523:Dominion of Canada Rifle Association 1037:that engage in subsistence hunting. 956: 815: 470:Possession and acquisition licences 32:are federally regulated through the 5272:Firearms regulation in the Americas 4830:Topics by provinces and territories 3455:. Statcan.gc.ca. October 26, 2011. 3359:from the original on March 15, 2018 3346: 3322:"Who may carry handguns in Canada?" 2964: 2856:"House Government Bill C-19 (41-1)" 2289:Graeme Hamilton (October 7, 2015). 1634: 462:Individual firearms licences, 2019 413:Common Sense Firearms Licensing Act 342:possession and acquisition licences 13: 3695:"Department of Justice – Site Map" 3393:"Antique and Blackpowder Firearms" 3328:from the original on April 7, 2014 2777:from the original on March 3, 2016 2747:from the original on March 3, 2016 1852:Leblanc, Daniel (April 23, 2024). 1655:International Crime Victims Survey 1518:Possession and Acquisition Licence 1138: 457:Possession and Acquisition Licence 93:possession and acquisition licence 14: 5940: 3745: 3536:Journal of Interpersonal Violence 3403:from the original on 12 June 2020 2862:from the original on May 10, 2012 2836:from the original on May 18, 2013 2495:"Canadian Firearms Safety Course" 2377:Ballingall, Alex (26 June 2020). 2238:AmmoLand.com Shooting Sports News 2208:AmmoLand.com Shooting Sports News 1406: 327:, with related amendments to the 137:On May 1, 2020, in the wake of a 18:Laws regarding firearms in Canada 5679:Firearms regulation in the World 5467: 5434:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 4893: 4892: 4880: 3158:from the original on 6 July 2020 2941:siaf.gouv.qc.ca/accueil.html?L=1 2806:"Gun control in Canadian sights" 2625:. Rcmp-grc.gc.ca. June 1, 2010. 2358:from the original on May 1, 2020 2332:from the original on May 1, 2020 2019:. Rcmp-grc.gc.ca. May 11, 2015. 1969:Wendy Cukier, Victor W. Sidel: " 1704:from the original on May 3, 2020 1163:, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7) 1082:Ending the Long-gun Registry Act 1075:Ending the Long-gun Registry Act 1028:Age restrictions/Minor's Licence 907:stock of the type known as the ' 786: 762: 738: 714: 690: 666: 642: 618: 594: 570: 546: 522: 498: 417:Swiss Arms Classic Green Carbine 177:boxes" has not yet started with 101:Ending the Long-gun Registry Act 3915:Former colonies and territories 3719: 3687: 3655: 3629: 3570: 3527: 3445: 3437:Canadian Journal of Criminology 3385: 3340: 3314: 3284: 3273:from the original on 2020-05-05 3259: 3248:from the original on 2020-05-01 3230: 3219:from the original on 2020-08-10 3200: 3189:from the original on 2020-09-10 3170: 3134: 3123:from the original on 2020-05-04 3104: 3093:from the original on 2020-09-25 3075: 3072:, RSC 1985, c. C-46, s. 84(1) . 3053:, RSC 1985, c. C-46, Part III. 3042: 3028: 3014: 3003:from the original on 2020-11-01 2983: 2954: 2944: 2935: 2924:from the original on 2020-05-05 2910: 2874: 2848: 2822: 2799: 2789: 2759: 2641: 2615: 2565: 2539: 2513: 2487: 2452:Population estimates, quarterly 2445: 2426: 2401: 2389:from the original on 1 May 2020 2344: 2282: 2256: 2226: 2196: 2185:from the original on 2016-02-16 2171: 2160:from the original on 2019-11-21 2146: 2120: 2104:. April 5, 2012. Archived from 2090: 2072:"Tories give long guns a break" 2065: 2035: 2009: 1984: 1963: 1951: 1930: 1845: 1834:from the original on 2022-10-21 1815: 1804:from the original on 2022-05-30 1774:from the original on 2022-05-30 1735:from the original on 4 May 2020 1602:from the original on 2020-05-06 1564:from the original on 2013-09-21 1203:fully automatic fire capability 1040: 397:introduced a bill to amend the 321:In 1995, Bill C-68 enacted the 110:when compared with eight other 55:. Regulation is largely about 3850:Post-Confederation (1867–1914) 2320:Aiello, Rachel (May 1, 2020). 1938:The North-West Territories Act 1785: 1747: 1716: 1686: 1660: 1613: 1550: 1538:Index of gun politics articles 1: 5929:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 5914:1934 establishments in Canada 3207:Burkhead, Lynn (2020-05-08). 3142:"Legal opinion - SOR/2020-96" 2442:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 2102:National Firearms Association 1948:, R.S.C. 1886, c. 50, s. 101. 1822:Bronskill, Jim (2022-10-21). 1543: 1322: 1155:Requires a prohibited-class ( 1150: 834:Security screening: Enhanced 422:On June 21, 2019, Bill C-71, 3604:10.1371/journal.pone.0234457 3039:, RSC 1985, c. C-46, s. 35. 3025:, RSC 1985, c. C-46, s. 34. 883:International Shooting Union 451:Licensing of firearms owners 295:École Polytechnique massacre 7: 3895:Crown and Indigenous people 3729:. Statcan.ca. March 1, 2006 2896:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 250–. 1973:", 2006, Praeger Security, 1657:. See Table 18 on page 279. 1588:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 250–. 1506: 161:under the authority of the 139:mass killing in Nova Scotia 10: 5945: 4785:Provincial and territorial 4708:Inventions and discoveries 3845:British Canada (1763–1867) 3798: 3453:"Homicide in Canada, 2010" 2591:"THE GUN LAW: PRO AND CON" 2077:February 15, 2009, at the 1426:manufactured before 1898: 1416: 1339:authorization to transport 1047:Canadian Firearms Registry 816:Classification of firearms 454: 22: 5685: 5609: 5576:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 5476: 5465: 5277: 5223: 5202: 5096: 5030: 4964: 4948: 4874: 4838: 4812: 4663: 4579: 4549: 4501: 4492: 4393: 4231: 4167: 4083: 4074: 4044: 4011:Newfoundland and Labrador 3983: 3972: 3878: 3815: 3806: 3757:Canadian Firearms Program 2890:Gregg Lee Carter (2012). 1582:Gregg Lee Carter (2012). 1513:Canadian Firearms Program 812:Canadian Firearms Program 602:Newfoundland and Labrador 466: 337:Reference re Firearms Act 116:Canadian Firearms Program 46:Canadian Firearms Program 25:Canadian Firearms Program 5596:Turks and Caicos Islands 3548:10.1177/0886260511433515 2858:. Parliament of Canada. 2832:. Parliament of Canada. 2179:"Bill C-42 (Historical)" 2128:"Bill C-19 (Historical)" 1104:Legality of self-defence 1098:2020 Nova Scotia attacks 476:Licences per 100 people 436:2020 Nova Scotia attacks 173:– that look like guns. 3945:Persons of significance 3940:National Historic Sites 2976:March 10, 2012, at the 1090:Supreme Court of Canada 903:"Any rifle, shotgun or 185:History of firearm laws 5511:British Virgin Islands 3840:New France (1534–1763) 2710:. Laws.justice.gc.ca. 2130:. openparliament.ca/. 1125:authorization-to-carry 1035:aboriginal communities 970: 894:semi-automatic firearm 389: 221:in 1885 to hinder the 219:North-West Territories 5909:Canadian firearms law 5424:Saint Kitts and Nevis 4052:Northwest Territories 3955:Territorial evolution 3752:Canadian Firearms Act 3637:"Homicides by method" 3577:Langmann, C. (2020). 3503:10.1093/epirev/mxv012 3349:"Classes of firearms" 2665:on September 24, 2015 1280:, CZ Scorpion Evo 3, 1267:Robinson Armament XCR 964: 928:Prohibited ammunition 626:Northwest Territories 383: 364:private member's bill 195:justices of the peace 151:assault-style weapons 4026:Prince Edward Island 3399:. 25 February 2005. 2819:, September 18, 2006 2579:on October 15, 2011. 2270:on February 16, 2016 2108:on December 20, 2016 1478:ignition mechanisms. 1366:Any firearm that is: 1201:Firearms which have 976:designed to contain 851:Laws and regulations 722:Prince Edward Island 223:North-West Rebellion 201:. Amendments to the 147:Government of Canada 97:Parliament of Canada 5601:U.S. Virgin Islands 5444:Trinidad and Tobago 5289:Antigua and Barbuda 4942:Gun laws by country 4381:Firearms regulation 3675:on October 12, 2010 3643:on January 14, 2011 3595:2020PLoSO..1534457L 3324:. August 15, 2012. 3296:, November 8, 2018" 2773:. August 17, 2015. 2017:"Facts and Figures" 1981:, pages 143 and 144 1668:"Facts and Figures" 1454:All muzzleloading ( 999:Marlin Camp carbine 990:semiautomatic rifle 463: 434:In the wake of the 167:gun buyback program 145:announced that the 5924:Firearms in Canada 5354:Dominican Republic 4562:Population centres 3431:2015-10-19 at the 3353:www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca 3183:www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca 2811:2016-03-08 at the 2603:on August 23, 2011 2527:on January 5, 2011 2438:2022-01-26 at the 2084:The Globe and Mail 1996:The Globe and Mail 1943:2012-01-14 at the 1918:on October 1, 2006 1891:2009-10-30 at the 1828:The Globe and Mail 1760:The New York Times 1674:on January 4, 2011 1649:2013-01-20 at the 1627:2014-11-12 at the 1334:Firearms Act, 1995 1119:Firearms Act, 1995 1054:Conservative Party 971: 896:to discharge in a 872:Murphy et.al, 2013 856:Prohibited devices 461: 390: 265:R. v. Vaillancourt 88:automatic firearms 30:Firearms in Canada 5896: 5895: 5645: 5644: 5239: 5238: 4908: 4907: 4887:Canada portal 4808: 4807: 4575: 4574: 4389: 4388: 4344:Political parties 4312:Foreign relations 4227: 4226: 4114:Canadian Prairies 4104:Pacific Northwest 4070: 4069: 3968: 3967: 3925:Foreign relations 3707:on April 14, 2008 3542:(12): 2303–2321. 3089:. 22 March 2006. 2903:978-0-313-38671-8 2454:Statistics Canada 2240:. 4 August 2015. 1595:978-0-313-38671-8 1278:Beretta Cx4 Storm 957:Magazine capacity 890:trigger mechanism 808: 807: 473:Population, 2019 381: 141:, Prime Minister 108:firearm ownership 5936: 5672: 5665: 5658: 5649: 5648: 5566:Saint Barthélemy 5526:Falkland Islands 5471: 5266: 5259: 5252: 5243: 5242: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4912: 4911: 4896: 4895: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4749: 4748: 4592:Higher education 4499: 4498: 4484:Science and tech 4371:Multiculturalism 4325: 4324: 4307:Local government 4272:House of Commons 4256:Governor General 4092: 4081: 4080: 3996:British Columbia 3981: 3980: 3835:Pre-colonization 3813: 3812: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3770: 3769: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3706: 3699: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3674: 3668:. Archived from 3667: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3639:. Archived from 3633: 3627: 3626: 3616: 3606: 3574: 3568: 3567: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3514: 3482: 3469: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3449: 3443: 3422: 3413: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3376: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3278: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3194: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3157: 3146: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3079: 3073: 3065: 3054: 3046: 3040: 3032: 3026: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3009: 3008: 3002: 2995: 2987: 2981: 2968: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2929: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2887: 2881: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2826: 2820: 2803: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2743:. May 11, 2015. 2733: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2704: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2664: 2658:. Archived from 2653: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2602: 2596:. Archived from 2595: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2420: 2405: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2317: 2311: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2230: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2210:. 19 June 2015. 2200: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2175: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2165: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2094: 2088: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2053:on March 7, 2014 2039: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1988: 1982: 1967: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1917: 1911:. Archived from 1910: 1902: 1896: 1879: 1866: 1865: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1840: 1839: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1779: 1751: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1664: 1658: 1641: 1632: 1617: 1611: 1610: 1608: 1607: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1569: 1554: 1071:House of Commons 1058:House of Commons 1018:semi-auto rifles 862:Replica firearms 840:conjugal partner 836:Background check 792: 790: 789: 768: 766: 765: 744: 742: 741: 720: 718: 717: 696: 694: 693: 672: 670: 669: 648: 646: 645: 624: 622: 621: 600: 598: 597: 576: 574: 573: 552: 550: 549: 530:British Columbia 528: 526: 525: 504: 502: 501: 464: 460: 382: 213:laws in Canada: 199:reasonable cause 159:order in council 155:semi-auto rifles 132:British Columbia 5944: 5943: 5939: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5804:North Macedonia 5681: 5676: 5646: 5641: 5619:Central America 5605: 5480: 5472: 5463: 5280: 5273: 5270: 5240: 5235: 5219: 5198: 5159:North Macedonia 5108:Czech Republic 5092: 5026: 4960: 4944: 4939: 4909: 4904: 4881: 4879: 4870: 4834: 4804: 4747: 4659: 4650:Social programs 4616:Law enforcement 4571: 4545: 4488: 4385: 4323: 4223: 4163: 4150:Atlantic Canada 4128:Canadian Shield 4123:Northern Canada 4090: 4089: 4066: 4040: 3976:and territories 3975: 3964: 3874: 3821: 3802: 3797: 3765:, CBC News 2009 3748: 3743: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3725: 3724: 3720: 3710: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3589:(6): e0234457. 3575: 3571: 3532: 3528: 3483: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3451: 3450: 3446: 3433:Wayback Machine 3423: 3416: 3406: 3404: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3370: 3369: 3362: 3360: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3303: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3276: 3274: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3251: 3249: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3222: 3220: 3205: 3201: 3192: 3190: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3151:. 20 May 2020. 3144: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3126: 3124: 3109: 3105: 3096: 3094: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3066: 3057: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3015: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2978:Wayback Machine 2969: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2936: 2927: 2925: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2854: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2813:Wayback Machine 2804: 2800: 2794: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2765: 2764: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2735: 2734: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2706: 2705: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2573:"Form CAFC 921" 2571: 2570: 2566: 2556: 2554: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2463: 2462: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2440:Wayback Machine 2431: 2427: 2418: 2416: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2375: 2371: 2361: 2359: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2335: 2333: 2318: 2314: 2304: 2302: 2287: 2283: 2273: 2271: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2232: 2231: 2227: 2217: 2215: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2188: 2186: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2163: 2161: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2111: 2109: 2096: 2095: 2091: 2079:Wayback Machine 2070: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2001: 1999: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1968: 1964: 1956: 1952: 1945:Wayback Machine 1935: 1931: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1899: 1893:Wayback Machine 1880: 1869: 1850: 1846: 1837: 1835: 1820: 1816: 1807: 1805: 1790: 1786: 1777: 1775: 1752: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1721: 1717: 1707: 1705: 1698:www.macleans.ca 1692: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1651:Wayback Machine 1642: 1635: 1629:Wayback Machine 1618: 1614: 1605: 1603: 1596: 1580: 1576: 1567: 1565: 1556: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1509: 1485: 1419: 1409: 1325: 1316:caliber rifles) 1305:with removable 1167:Handguns (12.6) 1153: 1141: 1139:Classifications 1106: 1043: 1030: 1011:Rock River Arms 959: 930: 917:Norinco Type 97 898:fully-automatic 858: 853: 787: 785: 763: 761: 739: 737: 715: 713: 691: 689: 667: 665: 643: 641: 619: 617: 595: 593: 571: 569: 547: 545: 523: 521: 499: 497: 459: 453: 431:, among others. 384:Prime Minister 370: 310:transportation. 187: 112:western nations 73:muzzle velocity 27: 19: 12: 11: 5: 5942: 5932: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5869:United Kingdom 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5719:Czech Republic 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5675: 5674: 5667: 5660: 5652: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5581:Sint Eustatius 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5516:Cayman Islands 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5485: 5474: 5473: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5285: 5283: 5275: 5274: 5269: 5268: 5261: 5254: 5246: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5218: 5217: 5212: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5194:United Kingdom 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5106: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4938: 4937: 4930: 4923: 4915: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4890: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4851:Historiography 4848: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4770: 4765: 4759: 4757: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4669: 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4645: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4567:Municipalities 4564: 4559: 4553: 4551: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4505: 4503: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4481: 4479:Transportation 4476: 4471: 4466: 4464:Stock exchange 4461: 4460: 4459: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4432:Communications 4429: 4428: 4427: 4417: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4399: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4346: 4341: 4335: 4333: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4278:Prime Minister 4275: 4269: 4260: 4259: 4258: 4248: 4243: 4237: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4199:National Parks 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4175: 4173: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4145:Eastern Canada 4142: 4141: 4140: 4133:Central Canada 4130: 4125: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4106: 4099:Western Canada 4095: 4093: 4091:(west to east) 4078: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4048: 4046: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3987: 3985: 3978: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3890:Constitutional 3886: 3884: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3831: 3829: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3796: 3795: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3747: 3746:External links 3744: 3741: 3740: 3718: 3686: 3654: 3628: 3569: 3526: 3470: 3444: 3414: 3384: 3339: 3313: 3283: 3258: 3229: 3199: 3169: 3133: 3103: 3074: 3055: 3041: 3027: 3013: 2982: 2963: 2953: 2943: 2934: 2909: 2902: 2882: 2873: 2847: 2821: 2798: 2788: 2771:Rcmp-grc.gc.ca 2758: 2741:Rcmp-grc.gc.ca 2725: 2676: 2656:Rcmp-grc.gc.ca 2640: 2614: 2582: 2564: 2538: 2512: 2486: 2469:rcmp-grc.gc.ca 2456: 2444: 2425: 2400: 2369: 2343: 2312: 2281: 2255: 2225: 2195: 2170: 2145: 2119: 2089: 2087:, May 17, 2006 2064: 2034: 2008: 1983: 1962: 1950: 1929: 1897: 1867: 1844: 1814: 1784: 1746: 1715: 1685: 1659: 1633: 1612: 1594: 1574: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1508: 1505: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1479: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1407:Non-restricted 1405: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1387: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1373:not prohibited 1368: 1367: 1364: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1310: 1292: 1289: 1274: 1255:ArmaLite AR-15 1251:ArmaLite AR-10 1244: 1243: 1240:Non-Restricted 1234: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1214: 1213: 1206: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1186: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1169: 1168: 1152: 1149: 1140: 1137: 1105: 1102: 1096:Following the 1062:new government 1042: 1039: 1029: 1026: 1001:chambered for 958: 955: 954: 953: 947: 941: 929: 926: 925: 924: 923:are excluded). 901: 886: 875: 865: 857: 854: 852: 849: 844: 843: 832: 831:CAFC 921. 828: 806: 805: 802: 799: 796: 782: 781: 778: 775: 772: 758: 757: 754: 751: 748: 734: 733: 730: 727: 724: 710: 709: 706: 703: 700: 686: 685: 682: 679: 676: 662: 661: 658: 655: 652: 638: 637: 634: 631: 628: 614: 613: 610: 607: 604: 590: 589: 586: 583: 580: 566: 565: 562: 559: 556: 542: 541: 538: 535: 532: 518: 517: 514: 511: 508: 494: 493: 490: 487: 484: 478: 477: 474: 471: 468: 455:Main article: 452: 449: 448: 447: 444:buyback scheme 432: 420: 409: 406: 386:Justin Trudeau 368: 367: 359: 351: 348: 345: 332: 319: 311: 302: 299:PolySeSouvient 291: 288:grandfathering 280: 272: 269: 259: 252: 249: 242: 186: 183: 143:Justin Trudeau 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5941: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5919:Law of Canada 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5874:United States 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5673: 5668: 5666: 5661: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5638: 5637: 5636:South America 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5614:North America 5612: 5611: 5608: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5531:French Guiana 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5470: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5449:United States 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5276: 5267: 5262: 5260: 5255: 5253: 5248: 5247: 5244: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5029: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5012:United States 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4924: 4922: 4917: 4916: 4913: 4901: 4900: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4811: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4755: 4750: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4733:Protectionism 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4455: 4454: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4408:Dairy farming 4406: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4296: 4295:Supreme Court 4293: 4292: 4291: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4264: 4261: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4156: 4155:The Maritimes 4153: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4006:New Brunswick 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3910:First Nations 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3787: 3782: 3780: 3775: 3774: 3771: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3728: 3722: 3703: 3696: 3690: 3671: 3664: 3658: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3497:(1): 140–57. 3496: 3492: 3491:Epidemiol Rev 3488: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3458: 3454: 3448: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3427: 3421: 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