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1137:, where the pressure was increased when a fire alarm was sounded. This was found to be harmful to the system and unreliable. Today's valved hydrant systems are kept under pressure at all times, although additional pressure may be added when needed. Pressurized hydrants eliminate much of the work in obtaining water for pumping through the engine and into the attack hoses. Many rural fire engines still rely upon cisterns or other sources for drafting water into the pumps.
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the tiller-truck is that its overall length, over 50 feet (15 m) for most models, allows for additional storage of tools and equipment. The extreme length gives compartment capacities that range between 500 and 650 cubic feet (14 and 18 m) in the trailer with an additional 40 and 60 cubic feet (1.1 and 1.7 m) in the cab.
1934:
224:"). These flash to attract the attention of other drivers as the fire truck approaches, or to provide warning to drivers approaching a parked fire truck in a dangerous position on the road. While the fire truck is headed towards the scene, the lights are always accompanied by loud audible warnings such as
443:, giving it its name. The key functions of a turntable ladder are allowing access or egress of firefighters and fire victims at height, providing a high-level water point for firefighting (elevated master stream), and providing a platform from which tasks such as ventilation or overhaul can be executed.
1169:(sometimes called "cherry picker"), a platform or bucket attached onto a mechanically bending arm (or "snorkel") installed onto a fire truck. While these could not reach the height of similar turntable ladders, the platforms could extend into previously unreachable "dead corners" of a burning building.
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For many years firefighters sat on the sides of the fire engines, or even stood on the rear of the vehicles, exposed to the elements. This arrangement was uncomfortable and dangerous (some firefighters were thrown to their deaths when their fire engines made sharp turns on the road), and today nearly
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An aerial apparatus is a fire truck mounted with an extendable boom that enables firefighters to reach high locations. They can provide a high vantage point for spraying water and creating ventilation, an access route for firefighters and an escape route for firefighters and people they have rescued.
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While the traditional characteristic of a TL was a lack of water pumping or storage, many modern TLs have a water pumping function built in (and some have their own on-board supply reservoir). Some may have piping along the ladder to supply water to firefighters at the top of the ladder, and some of
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applied for funds to purchase "a machine worked by petroleum for the traction of a fire-engine, ladders, and so forth and for the conveyance of the necessary staff of pompiers". With great prescience the report states "If the experiment prove successful, as is anticipated, horses will eventually be
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fire engine was built in New York in 1841. Unfortunately for the manufacturers, some firefighters sabotaged the device and its use of the first engine was discontinued. However, the need and the utility of power equipment ensured the success of the steam pumper well into the twentieth century. Many
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built a fire engine with a compressed air vessel. On each side 14 men worked a piston rod back and forth in a horizontal direction. The air vessel, a type of pressure tank, issued an even stream despite the backward motion of the piston. This was made possible by a rotating pipe mounted on the hose
666:
Most tankers have an on-board pumping system. This pump is often not of sufficient power to fight fires (as it is designed to be attached to a fire engine), but is more often used to draw water into the tender from hydrants or other water sources. Many tankers are equipped with fast-drain valves on
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is a specialist fire appliance with the primary purpose of transporting large amounts of water to the fire area to make it available for extinguishing operations. These are especially useful in rural areas where fire hydrants are not readily available and natural water resources are insufficient or
343:
The standard fire engine transports firefighters to the scene, carries equipment needed by the firefighters for most firefighting scenarios, and may provide a limited supply of water with which to fight the fire. The tools carried on the fire engine will vary greatly based on many factors including
531:
One of the main features of the tiller-truck is its enhanced maneuverability. The independent steering of the front and back wheels allow the tiller to make much sharper turns, which is particularly helpful on narrow streets and in apartment complexes with maze-like roads. An additional feature of
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The exact layout of what is carried on an engine is decided by the needs of the department. For example, fire departments located in metropolitan areas will carry equipment to mitigate hazardous materials and effect technical rescues, while departments that operate in the wildland-urban interface
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The design and construction of fire engines focuses greatly on the use of both active and passive warnings. Passive visual warnings involve the use of high contrast patterns to increase the noticeability of the vehicle. These types of warnings are often seen on older vehicles and those in
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capability to improve hill climbing and rough terrain capability. Some wildland apparatus can pump water while driving (compared to some traditional engines which must be stationary to pump water), allowing "mobile attacks" on vegetation fires to minimize the rate of spread.
395:. The preconnects are attached to the engine's onboard water supply and allow firefighters to quickly mount an aggressive attack on the fire as soon as they arrive on scene. When the onboard water supply runs out, the engine is connected to more permanent sources such as
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entirely replaced by automobiles". This was, indeed, the case and motorised fire engines became commonplace by the early 20th century. By 1905, the idea of combining gas engine motor trucks into fire engines was attracting great attention; according to a
1841:
Fires, fire engines, and fire brigades: with a history of manual and steam fire engines, their construction, use, and management; remarks on fire-proof buildings ... statistics of the fire appliances in
English towns; foreign fire systems; hints for the
565:, also known as a basket or bucket, on the end of a ladder or boom. These platforms can provide a secure place from which a firefighter can operate. Many platforms also allow for rescues to be performed and are outfitted with tie down clips and
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Early pumpers used cisterns as a source of water. Water was later put into wooden pipes under the streets and a "fire plug" was pulled out of the top of the pipe when a suction hose was to be inserted. Later systems incorporated pressurized
539:, which are tiller trucks that have the added feature of being fitted with an on-board water tank. These are particularly useful for smaller departments that do not have enough personnel to staff both an engine company and a truck company.
1079:, began selling what some have described as the world's first modern fire engine. A year later, the city of Springfield, Illinois, had filled their fire department with Knox engines. Another early motorized fire engine was developed by
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have to be able to tackle traditional urban fires as well as wildland fires. Departments in these areas often use a wildland-urban interface engine, which combine features of a standard fire engine with that of a wildland fire engine.
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In the late 19th century, means of reaching tall structures were devised. At first, manually extendable ladders were used; as these grew in length (and weight), they were put onto two large wheels. When carried by fire engines these
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The "hook and ladder" was an early type of fire units known since late 1700s. It was a horse-drawn carriage which brought ladders and hooks to the fire place. Ladders were used for access to upper floors and the roof. "Hooks" were
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W. Hornung: Die
Entwicklung der Feuerlöschpumpe vom ausgehenden Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert. Eine technikgeschichtliche Betrachtung (3. Part). (Archive from 13. January 2015) In: VFDB-Zeitschrift. Nr. 4, 1960, S.
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An important advancement around 1822 was the invention of an engine which could draft water from a water source. This rendered the bucket brigade obsolete. In 1822, a
Philadelphia-based manufacturing company called
576:, allowing the arm to bend in one or more places. This allows the platform truck to go "up and over" an obstacle, and is an advantage over the traditional platform ladder, which can only extend in a straight line.
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Fire engine, Philadelphia, 1838, trying to save adjacent building. One firefighter (with helmet) directs the water; three to his left are manning the pump. Hand-colored. To the right of the engine is a hose
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The earliest engines were small and were either carried by four men, or mounted on skids and dragged to a fire. As the engines grew larger they became horse-drawn and later self-propelled by steam engines.
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made a model called "The
Hydraulion". It is said to be the first suction engine. Some models had the hard, suction hose fixed to the intake and curled up over the apparatus known as a squirrel tail engine.
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The pivot can be mounted at the rear of the chassis or in the middle, just behind the cab. The latter is sometimes called a "mid-ship" arrangement, and it allows a lower travel height for the truck.
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Until the mid-19th century, most fire engines were maneuvered by men, but the introduction of horse-drawn fire engines considerably improved the response time to incidents. The first self-propelled
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the size of the department and the usual situations the firefighters handle. For example, departments located near large bodies of water or rivers are likely to have some sort of
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Colonial laws in
America required each house to have a bucket of water on the front stoop in preparation for fires at night. These buckets were intended for use by the initial
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because they are manually (hand) powered and the water was supplied by a bucket brigade dumping it into a tub (cistern) where the pump had a permanent intake pipe.
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387:, also known as a master stream, which directs a heavy stream of water to wherever the operator points it. An additional feature of engines are their preconnected
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524:. Unlike a commercial semi, the trailer and tractor are permanently combined and special tools are required to separate them. It has two drivers, with separate
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which allowed the jet to reach heights up to 20 m (65.6 ft). Caspar Schott observed
Hautsch's fire engine in 1655 and wrote an account of it in his
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tanks for electrical fires. These features give the airport crash tenders a capability to reach an airplane rapidly, and rapidly extinguish large fires with
458:. These mechanical features allow the use of ladders which are longer, sturdier, and more stable. They may also have pre-attached hoses or other equipment.
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Manchester
Locomotive Works first self-propelled Amoskeag Steam Fire Engine. Sold to Boston Fire department after use at Great Boston Fire of 1872
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invented the first fire pump around the 2nd century B.C., and an example of a force-pump possibly used for a fire-engine is mentioned by
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216:. Along with the passive warnings, are active visual warnings which are usually in the form of flashing colored lights (also known as "
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accidents. Some of the features that make the airport crash tender unique are its ability to move on rough terrain outside the
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1505:[Reach the Sky or the M68L, the world's tallest hydraulic rescue ladder! "] (in Polish). remiza.com. Archived from
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617:. They may also respond to emergencies in rough terrain where other vehicles cannot respond. Many wildland engines feature
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In North
America, aerial apparatuses are used for fire suppression, whereas in Europe, they are used more for rescue.
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Other vehicles that are used by fire departments but may not be directly involved in firefighting may include
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installed at the top. Other appliances may simply have a track-way to securely hold a manually-run hose reel.
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In the United States, turntable ladders with additional functions such as an onboard pump, a water tank,
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the sides and back of the truck. This allows firefighters to empty thousands of gallons of water into a
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A turntable ladder (TL) is an aerial apparatus with a large ladder mounted on a pivot which resembles a
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2018:
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had the wheels suspended behind the rear of the vehicle, making them a distinctive sight. Before long,
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Most water tenders are designed to carry loads of 5,000–12,000 litres (1,100–2,600 imp gal).
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concluded that fluorescent colors, including yellow-green and orange, are easiest to spot in daylight.
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are often used interchangeably to a broad range of vehicles involved in firefighting; however, in some
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that is further upgraded and customized for firefighting requirements. They are generally considered
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This article is about a specific type of fire apparatus. For firefighting apparatus in general, see
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to reflect light from other vehicles. Vehicles will also often have these reflectors arranged in a
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article in that year, such trucks were rapidly gaining popularity in
England. That same year, the
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In the United States, a tiller truck, also known as a tractor-drawn aerial, tiller ladder, or
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148:, as well as communication equipment such as two-way radios and mobile computer technology.
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1503:"Dosięgnąć nieba czyli M68L, najwyższa na świecie drabina hydrauliczna z windą ratowniczą!"
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Alaspää et al.: Uusi ensihoidon käsikirja. Tammi 2004. (New
Handbook on Emergency care)
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built the first fire engine made in America in 1743. These earliest engines are called
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In some regions, a fire engine may be used to transport first responder firefighters,
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Notes of the Month, The Automotor and Horseless Vehicle Journal, January 1897, p143
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in 1731 where the amount of manpower and skill necessary for firefighting prompted
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Motorised fire engines date back to January 1897, when the Prefect of Police in
613:. A wildland fire engine is smaller than standard fire engines and has a higher
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1295:"Study Highlights Best Practices for Emergency Vehicle Visibility, Conspicuity"
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Walter A, Edgar C, Rutledge M: First Responder Handbook: Fire Service Edition.
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rather than red due to safety and ergonomics reasons. A 2009 study by the
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is a specialized fire engine that can negotiate difficult terrain for
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1569:"Fire Apparatus Utilized on Emergency Responses—Benefits of a Tiller"
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The American Peoples Encyclopedia Yearbook: Events and Personalities
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all fire engines have fully enclosed seating areas for their crews.
37:"Fire engines" redirects here. For the Scottish post-punk band, see
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equipment. Standard tools found on nearly all fire engines include
229:
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520:-and-ladder truck, is a specialized turntable ladder mounted on a
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cities and towns around the world bought the steam fire engines.
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type fire engines, engraving from the mid 17th century in Germany
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and can also use natural sources such as rivers or reservoirs by
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An early device used to squirt water onto a fire was known as a
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94:. The primary purposes of a fire engine include transporting
87:
1690:"Wildland Urban Interface Fires: Managing A Cascade Of Risk"
332:
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used for pulling down and apart the burning construction.
484:
engines, indicating the number of functions they perform.
1775:"Protecting Airports with New ARFF Designs and Equipment"
972:, but before New York's two engines arrived from London.
964:
obtained a hand-pumped fire engine in 1719, years after
110:. Some fire engines have specialized functions, such as
163:
they refer to separate and specific types of vehicle.
1630:. National Wildfire Coordinating Group. Archived from
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which is able to stop the fire faster. Some also have
446:
To increase its length and reach, the ladder is often
434:
Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations
212:. European countries commonly use a pattern known as
1927:
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1103:
A hook-and-ladder of the Pioneer, Hook and Lader Co.
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and airport area, large water capacity as well as a
1904:
1870:. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub., 2011. 112. Print.
1459:"Fire Commentary: European Firefighting Operations"
1265:"What Type Of Fire Truck Lights Are Most Effective"
893:converted for use as a firefighting vehicle by the
708:is a specialized fire engine designed for use at
491:M68L, with a range of 68 meters (223.1 ft).
102:to an incident as well as carrying equipment for
26:"Fire truck" redirects here. For other uses, see
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1845:. London: Lockwood & Co., 1866. 335. Print.]
1325:"Why lime-yellow fire trucks are safer than red"
732:nozzles/injection systems that add dry chemical
1910:
1526:
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926:. Hand squirts and hand pumps are noted before
728:. Newer airport crash tenders also incorporate
2019:
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1435:. Fire Apparatus. 7 June 2016. Archived from
1165:, turntable ladders were supplemented by the
852:A Scania hazardous materials vehicle used by
698:Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport
380:will need the gear to deal with brush fires.
232:. Some fire engines in the United States are
2753:Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel
1521:
987:to found an organized fire company in 1737.
627:Fire departments that serve areas along the
1662:. Santa Barbara County Fire. Archived from
724:tank, a high-capacity pump, and water/foam
553:An articulating platform truck used by the
263:
86:, usually a specially-designed or modified
16:Emergency vehicle intended to put out fires
2585:International Association of Fire Fighters
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2012:
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372:, self-contained breathing apparatus, and
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1779:Fire Apparatus & Emergency Equipment
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1533:"Pros and cons of tractor-drawn aerials"
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255:due to their proximity to the incident.
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1913:"Motor fire engines popular in England"
1864:Rorer, Beverly, and Barbara Marinelli.
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1020:Manually drawn fire pump in service in
873:Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service
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968:'s 1654 model appeared there, made by
960:that would supply the water at fires.
2007:
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1206:Fire appliances in the United Kingdom
535:Some departments elect to use tiller-
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2743:Modular Airborne FireFighting System
1937:. Arcadia Publishing. Archived from
1196:Containerized firefighting equipment
941:Fire engine invented by Hans Hautsch
183:, e.g. for towing damaged cars. The
1975:Larry Shapiro, "Hook and Ladders",
1953:
1301:. 15 September 2009. Archived from
1262:
487:The highest TL in the world is the
450:. Modern telescopic ladders may be
419:
410:
118:, and may also carry equipment for
13:
2391:Self-contained breathing apparatus
2091:Firefighter assist and search team
1965:. Spencer Press. 1955. p. 77.
1810:"Latest ARFF Apparatus Technology"
1329:American Psychological Association
1094:
196:. More modern designs make use of
56:Humberside Fire and Rescue Service
14:
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1985:
1911:Editorial staff (February 1905),
1773:Petrillo, Alan (29 August 2014).
1566:
1399:Leihbacher, Doug (1 April 2000).
755:
696:airport crash tender used by the
653:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
598:wildland fire engine used by the
542:
125:Many fire engines are based on a
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2116:Fire department ranks by country
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1991:
1688:Wright, Edward (1 August 2012).
1461:. Fire Engineering. 12 June 2008
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2590:International Firefighters' Day
2550:Candidate Physical Ability Test
1969:
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1722:"Wildland Type I & Type II"
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1531:Avsec, Robert (23 April 2013).
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1032:Horse-drawn fire pump given to
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383:Some fire engines have a fixed
2101:Special operations firefighter
1867:Images of America: Upper Darby
1535:. Fire Recruit. Archived from
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1211:Glossary of firefighting terms
1:
2640:Wildfire emergency management
2207:Hazardous materials apparatus
1838:Young, Charles Frederick T..
1816:(August 2008). Archived from
1808:Vaccaro, Bob (31 July 2008).
1244:
1141:came in to use in the 1850s.
910:One of the simplest forms of
837:command vehicles used by the
793:Mobile communications vehicle
780:Hazardous materials apparatus
476:, aerial ladder and multiple
432:turntable ladder used by the
204:pattern along with the words
600:United States Forest Service
561:A platform truck carries an
277:An E-One engine used by the
28:Fire engine (disambiguation)
7:
2615:World Police and Fire Games
2570:Fire protection engineering
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528:for front and rear wheels.
511:Los Angeles Fire Department
32:Fire Truck (disambiguation)
10:
3003:
2863:Glossary of wildfire terms
2595:List of firefighting films
2043:Personnel and organization
1433:"United States vs. Europe"
1077:Springfield, Massachusetts
1048:Antique Japanese fire pump
901:
681:
583:
572:Some booms are capable of
391:, commonly referred to as
356:(often referred to as the
318:Russian State Fire Service
179:fire engine with built-in
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2106:Volunteer fire department
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1885:19 September 2015 at the
1695:Fire Engineering Magazine
1406:Fire Engineering Magazine
1401:"Preconnects: The Basics"
891:infantry fighting vehicle
871:command post used by the
509:tiller truck used by the
2893:Template:Fire protection
2610:World Firefighters Games
2504:Gaseous fire suppression
1892:, accessed 6 August 2020
1890:www.bostonfiremuseum.com
1372:"What is a Fire Engine?"
797:Operational support unit
746:gaseous fire suppression
740:) to create a stream of
629:wildland–urban interface
264:Conventional fire engine
258:
238:U.S. Fire Administration
187:serve a similar purpose.
54:fire engine used by the
2580:History of firefighting
1573:City of San Luis Obispo
1073:Knox Automobile Company
928:Ctesibius of Alexandria
839:Seattle Fire Department
818:fire truck used by the
770:Fire investigation unit
671:in just a few seconds.
480:, are known as quad or
374:thermal imaging cameras
337:Henan Fire Rescue Corps
167:Design and construction
2718:Firefighting apparatus
2406:Thermal imaging camera
2386:Secure information box
2202:Firefighting apparatus
1152:wheeled escape ladders
1129:
1104:
1049:
1037:
1025:
1013:
942:
915:
701:
663:difficult to exploit.
655:
602:
558:
513:
465:these may also have a
436:
354:hydraulic rescue tools
279:Boston Fire Department
188:
92:firefighting apparatus
90:, that functions as a
67:
21:Firefighting apparatus
2763:Wildland water tender
2345:Hydraulic rescue tool
2111:Women in firefighting
1238:List of fire stations
1123:
1102:
1081:Peter Pirsch and Sons
1047:
1031:
1019:
1010:
940:
909:
691:
643:
593:
552:
504:
427:
174:
49:
2804:Wildland fire module
2758:Wildland fire engine
2645:Wildfire suppression
2182:Fire command vehicle
2177:Airport crash tender
2076:Retained firefighter
2000:at Wikimedia Commons
1201:Electric fire engine
1167:aerial work platform
895:German Fire Services
706:airport crash tender
684:Airport crash tender
678:Airport crash tender
611:wildfire suppression
607:wildland fire engine
586:Wildland fire engine
580:Wildland fire engine
563:aerial work platform
194:developing countries
112:wildfire suppression
2663:Aerial firefighting
2519:Stop, drop and roll
2509:Multiple-alarm fire
2376:Portable water tank
2285:Fire proximity suit
1789:on 28 December 2014
1785:(9). Archived from
1669:on 31 December 2013
1595:"Platform Features"
1509:on 16 November 2017
1483:. Fire Service Info
1305:on 24 February 2018
1128:, Australia in 1941
1034:Brockhampton Estate
1001:Sellers and Pennock
932:Heron of Alexandria
854:ACT Fire and Rescue
813:Mitsubishi Town Box
669:portable water tank
335:engine used by the
316:engine used by the
296:engine used by the
253:medical emergencies
214:Battenburg markings
2987:Emergency vehicles
2703:Fire retardant gel
2688:Fire lookout tower
2361:New York roof hook
2212:Light and air unit
2149:Fire lookout tower
2056:Chief fire officer
1216:Jan van der Heyden
1130:
1105:
1085:Kenosha, Wisconsin
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
970:Joseph Jenckes Sr.
952:Magia Universalis.
943:
916:
835:Chevrolet Suburban
789:Marine rescue unit
785:Light and air unit
702:
656:
603:
559:
522:semi-trailer truck
514:
437:
370:fire extinguishers
189:
134:emergency vehicles
127:commercial vehicle
68:
60:Kingston upon Hull
2969:
2968:
2876:
2875:
2868:List of wildfires
2728:Helicopter bucket
2723:Firefighting foam
2325:Hard suction hose
2270:Fire extinguisher
2260:Fire brigade keys
1996:Media related to
1941:on 1 October 2015
1917:Popular Mechanics
1156:turntable ladders
1124:A fire engine in
1068:Popular Mechanics
985:Benjamin Franklin
820:Chichibu, Saitama
742:firefighting foam
507:American LaFrance
136:authorized to be
2994:
2957:
2956:
2945:
2944:
2933:
2932:
2921:
2920:
2909:
2908:
2630:
2629:
2565:Fire photography
2347:("Jaws of life")
2305:Fireman's switch
2028:
2021:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1995:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1877:
1871:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1728:. Archived from
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1605:on 15 March 2015
1601:. Archived from
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1567:Hines, Charlie.
1564:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1271:. Archived from
1263:Dallman, Chris.
1260:
1234:
1226:Turntable ladder
1189:
1187:Transport portal
1184:
1183:
883:
864:
849:
831:
808:
619:four-wheel drive
615:ground clearance
420:Turntable ladder
411:Aerial apparatus
328:
309:
289:
274:
161:fire departments
142:emergency lights
120:technical rescue
106:operations in a
39:The Fire Engines
3002:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2942:
2930:
2897:
2872:
2851:
2808:
2767:
2668:Controlled burn
2655:
2649:
2619:
2560:Fire engine red
2538:
2529:Two-in, two-out
2484:Fireman's carry
2410:
2310:Flame retardant
2231:
2192:Fire motorcycle
2163:
2137:Fire department
2120:
2071:Station officer
2051:Battalion chief
2037:
2032:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1887:Wayback Machine
1878:
1874:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1732:on 8 April 2015
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1657:"Type 3 Engine"
1655:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1565:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1529:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1439:on 17 July 2019
1431:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1397:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1275:on 7 March 2016
1261:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1228:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1147:
1118:
1097:
1095:Hook and ladder
977:Richard Newsham
904:
897:
884:
875:
865:
856:
850:
841:
832:
823:
822:fire department
809:
800:
758:
700:fire department
686:
680:
638:
588:
582:
545:
526:steering wheels
497:
422:
413:
339:
329:
320:
310:
301:
290:
281:
275:
266:
261:
198:retroreflectors
169:
42:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3000:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2698:Fire retardant
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Structure fire
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Door breaching
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2401:Smoke detector
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2300:Fireman's pole
2297:
2292:
2290:Fire retardant
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2222:Rescue vehicle
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1987:
1986:External links
1984:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1952:
1926:
1903:
1894:
1872:
1857:
1847:
1831:
1820:on 29 May 2014
1800:
1765:
1743:
1713:
1680:
1648:
1625:"Engine Types"
1616:
1586:
1550:
1539:on 27 May 2016
1520:
1494:
1472:
1450:
1424:
1388:
1363:
1351:
1342:
1316:
1286:
1269:911 Signal USA
1249:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1174:
1171:
1146:
1143:
1117:
1114:
1096:
1093:
958:bucket brigade
903:
900:
899:
898:
885:
878:
876:
866:
859:
857:
851:
844:
842:
833:
826:
824:
810:
803:
799:
798:
795:
790:
787:
782:
777:
771:
768:
762:
757:
756:Other vehicles
754:
734:fire retardant
682:Main article:
679:
676:
637:
634:
584:Main article:
581:
578:
544:
543:Platform truck
541:
496:
493:
478:ground ladders
421:
418:
412:
409:
405:drafting water
341:
340:
330:
323:
321:
311:
304:
302:
291:
284:
282:
276:
269:
265:
262:
260:
257:
168:
165:
78:(also spelled
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2999:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2962:
2961:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Template:Fire
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2830:United States
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
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2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
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2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Saint Florian
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:Miscellaneous
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:Fire triangle
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:Dead man zone
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Heat detector
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1978:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1851:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1753:
1747:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1665:
1658:
1652:
1637:on 1 May 2015
1633:
1626:
1620:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1525:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1482:
1476:
1460:
1454:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1355:
1346:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1304:
1300:
1299:Fire Rescue 1
1296:
1290:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1145:Early aerials
1142:
1140:
1136:
1135:fire hydrants
1127:
1122:
1116:Early pumpers
1113:
1111:
1101:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1009:
1005:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:New York City
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
953:
948:
939:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
913:
908:
896:
892:
889:
882:
877:
874:
870:
863:
858:
855:
848:
843:
840:
836:
830:
825:
821:
817:
814:
807:
802:
801:
796:
794:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
761:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
699:
695:
690:
685:
675:
672:
670:
664:
661:
654:
650:
647:
642:
633:
630:
625:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
601:
597:
596:International
592:
587:
577:
575:
570:
568:
564:
556:
551:
547:
540:
538:
533:
529:
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2982:Fire engines
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2911:
2820:Ancient Rome
2794:Hotshot crew
2779:Fire lookout
2678:Fire flapper
2469:Fire control
2434:Chimney fire
2320:Halligan bar
2295:Fire shelter
2280:Fire hydrant
2255:Fire blanket
2250:Escape chair
2227:Water tender
2186:
2154:Fire station
2081:Fire marshal
2061:Fire captain
2035:Firefighting
1998:Fire engines
1971:
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1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:the original
1929:
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1916:
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1822:. Retrieved
1818:the original
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1791:. Retrieved
1787:the original
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1778:
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1758:24 September
1756:. Retrieved
1754:. Sala Brand
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1730:the original
1726:Ferrara Fire
1725:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1699:
1693:
1683:
1671:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1632:the original
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1599:Ferrara Fire
1598:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1575:. Fire Chief
1572:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:the original
1511:. Retrieved
1507:the original
1497:
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1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:the original
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1375:
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1360:(in Finnish)
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1333:. Retrieved
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1298:
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1273:the original
1268:
1163:World War II
1160:
1155:
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1139:Steam pumper
1131:
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1054:steam pumper
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947:Hans Hautsch
944:
924:fire syringe
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660:water tender
657:
651:used by the
649:water tender
636:Water tender
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574:articulating
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557:fire brigade
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498:
495:Tiller truck
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358:jaws of life
346:water rescue
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300:fire service
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104:firefighting
96:firefighters
79:
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43:
2813:By location
2799:Smokejumper
2656:and tactics
2534:Ventilation
2474:Fire safety
2459:False alarm
2416:Terminology
2366:PASS device
2340:Hose bridge
2330:Hazmat suit
2265:Fire bucket
2245:Bunker gear
2187:Fire engine
2132:Drill tower
2086:Fire police
1673:30 December
1309:23 February
1229: [
989:Thomas Lote
869:Dennis Dart
774:Fire police
448:telescoping
393:preconnects
362:floodlights
234:lime yellow
175:Front of a
153:fire engine
72:fire engine
52:Scania P280
2976:Categories
2845:Washington
2840:California
2708:Fire trail
2654:Equipment
2494:Flash fire
2464:Fire class
2444:Deluge gun
2381:Rotary saw
2351:Kelly tool
2315:Fog nozzle
2159:Hose tower
2125:Facilities
2066:Fire chief
1945:24 October
1814:FireRescue
1481:"Glossary"
1245:References
1110:pike poles
752:involved.
730:twin agent
710:aerodromes
567:rappelling
389:hose lines
385:deluge gun
245:paramedics
157:fire truck
151:The terms
108:fire drill
76:fire truck
2825:Australia
2772:Personnel
2733:Hose pack
2713:Firebreak
2693:Fire rake
2683:Fire hose
2673:Driptorch
2625:Wildfires
2555:Fire camp
2499:Flashover
2429:Barn fire
2424:Backdraft
2275:Fire hose
2237:Equipment
2169:Apparatus
1923:(2): 202.
1752:"Tankbil"
1641:5 January
1487:5 January
1221:NFPA 1901
1022:Edinburgh
993:hand tubs
975:By 1730,
945:In 1650,
736:(such as
474:fire hose
456:pneumatic
452:hydraulic
441:turntable
366:fire hose
298:Södertörn
230:air horns
222:lightbars
80:firetruck
66:, England
64:Yorkshire
2936:Glossary
2912:Category
2881:See also
2789:Helitack
2784:Handcrew
2514:Rollover
2489:Firewall
2197:Fireboat
2096:Handcrew
1883:Archived
1855:133–141.
1824:17 March
1793:17 March
1736:18 March
1706:18 March
1609:17 March
1579:16 March
1543:16 March
1417:19 March
1381:17 March
1376:WiseGeek
1279:17 March
1173:See also
912:hand tub
766:Fire car
750:jet fuel
738:Purple-K
726:monitors
714:aircraft
555:Roskilde
185:shackles
138:equipped
2960:Outline
2924:Commons
2835:History
2748:Pulaski
2633:General
2371:The pig
1513:19 June
1465:17 July
1443:17 July
1335:26 July
1036:in 1818
1024:in 1824
902:History
816:kei car
694:Oshkosh
489:Magirus
467:monitor
350:ladders
218:beacons
202:chevron
130:chassis
84:vehicle
82:) is a
2738:McLeod
2600:Muster
1331:. 2014
1161:After
1126:Sydney
1012:truck.
966:Boston
920:squirt
888:Marder
718:runway
569:arms.
537:quints
294:Scania
226:sirens
220:" or "
210:rescue
146:sirens
2948:Index
2856:Lists
2454:Draft
2396:Siren
2356:Nomex
2217:Quint
1667:(PDF)
1660:(PDF)
1635:(PDF)
1628:(PDF)
1233:]
1062:Paris
646:Isuzu
482:quint
430:Iveco
259:Types
181:winch
140:with
100:water
88:truck
2142:list
1977:p.44
1947:2011
1826:2015
1795:2015
1760:2020
1738:2015
1708:2015
1675:2013
1643:2014
1611:2015
1581:2015
1545:2015
1515:2017
1489:2014
1467:2019
1445:2019
1419:2015
1383:2015
1337:2021
1311:2018
1281:2015
776:unit
722:foam
518:hook
333:Howo
314:Ural
249:EMTs
228:and
206:fire
155:and
144:and
114:and
98:and
30:and
1702:(8)
1700:165
1413:(4)
1411:153
1083:of
1075:of
922:or
712:in
704:An
692:An
644:An
594:An
505:An
454:or
428:An
399:or
360:),
312:An
251:to
247:or
208:or
177:MAN
74:or
58:in
2978::
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1915:,
1812:.
1783:19
1781:.
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1553:^
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1231:de
1087:.
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886:A
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2020:t
2013:v
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1842:f
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41:.
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