901:（绍兴辛已年）我舟伏于七宝山后，令曰：「旗举则出江！」。先使一骑偃旗于山之顶，伺其半济，忽山上卓立一旗，舟师自山下河中两旁突出大江，人在舟中，踏车以行船。但见船行如飞，而不见有人，（金）虏以为纸船也。舟中忽发一「霹雳炮」，盖以纸为之，而实之以石灰、硫黄。炮自空而下落水中，硫黄得水而火作，自水跳出，其声如雷，纸裂而石灰散为烟雾，眯其人马之目，人物不相见。(Rough Translation: Once our ships had hid behind the Mount Qibao, an order was given to launch out followed after the signal. Earlier, a mounted scout was sent atop the peak to watch over half cross the river, suddenly a signal was shown from the peak, and the ships came out from the river on both sides at the foot, all men on board tread as to move the ship. The ships seemed to move swiftly without sails or oars, so the savages conceived that those were paper boats. Then, the paddle wheelers launched the "thunderbolt pao" at their enemy on a sudden, which were made of paper pots, packed with lime and sulfur. When alight, they exploded upon impact with the water, and bounce out, making a noise like thunder. The pots were cracked and lime scattered into a smoky fog, blinding and terrifying the enemy men and horses.) Collection from the Sincerity Studio ch. 44 (author:
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868:（靖康元年二月六日）是夕，宿于咸丰门，以金人进兵门外，治攻具故。先是，蔡楙号令将士，金人近城不得辄施放，有引炮及发床子弩者，皆杖之，将士愤怒。余（李纲）既登城，令施放，有引炮自便，能中（金）贼者，厚赏。夜，发「霹雳炮」以击，（金）贼军皆惊呼。(Rough Translation: In the evening, I slept at the gate of Xianfeng, as the Jin army arrived at the gate and nourishing their weapons. Earlier, Cai Mao had ordered the men that they were not allowed to fire on the Jin soldiers whoever came near, any firing from trebuchets and ballistas were to be caned, and the soldiers were irritate by the order. Once arrived at the walls, I had ordered them to fire, for those who could hit the enemy were to be extensively rewarded. At night, they launched the "thunderbolt pao" at the enemy, and they were all shocked.) Records of Messages from the Jingkang Era ch. 2 (author: Li Gang)
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1000::8erR2mluxYcJ:www.koreanhero.net/fiftywonders/FiftyWonders2_English.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjsozg5IL81-jP_Lw-c-YL2MBdYFKnU8_7GBsZr_A84mNbnR5pOLhN2e- Xc7Fdk7NAgj5IngazAUFsal8IkrPON2hNB_HQcwfX7rruPJY6-ZoJqyOFNZ22EaMKTWCN30jxkPAIu&s ig=AHIEtbRdGS56TF8sFZ4ooExjoVUlZJgJqg Fifty wonders of Korea
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Behind the arrow head wrap up some gunpowder with two or three layers of soft paper, and bind it to the arrow shaft in a lump shaped like a pomegranate. Cover it with a piece of hemp cloth tightly tied, and sealed fast with molten pine resin. Light the fuse and then shoot it off from a
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338:, also known as wako or kaizoku) in the 16th century were reported to have used the bo hiya which had the appearance of a large arrow. A burning element made from incendiary waterproof rope was wrapped around the shaft and when lit the bo hiya was launched from a mortar like weapon
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are not suitable as rocket propellant. According to
Stephen G. Haw, there is only slight evidence that rockets existed prior to 1200 and it is more likely they were not produced or used for warfare until the latter half of the 13th century.
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79:(火箭), which literally means fire arrow. In China a 'fire arrow' referred to a gunpowder projectile consisting of a bag of incendiary gunpowder attached to the shaft of an arrow. Fire arrows are the predecessors of
1002:, Volume 2, Korean Spirit and Culture Series, Authors Korean Spirit & Culture Promotion Project, Diamond Sutra Recitation Group, Publisher Korean Spirit & Culture Promotion Project, 2007,
75:, being used from the 9th century onward. Not to be confused with earlier incendiary arrow projectiles, the fire arrow was a gunpowder weapon which receives its name from the translated Chinese term
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and later on mobile rocket arrow launchers were utilized in China and later spread to Korea. The fire arrows propelled by gunpowder may have had a range of up to 1,000 ft (300 m).
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Incendiary gunpowder weapons had an advantage over previous incendiaries by using their own built-in oxygen supply to create flames, and were therefore harder to put out, similar to
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Two fire arrows (crossbow bolts). Southern
Germany, ca. 15th century, with preserved incendiary mixture of charcoal, sulphur, saltpeter and textile on the shaft.
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also made use of the fire arrow during their campaigns in Japan. Probably as a result of the
Mongolian military campaigns the fire arrows later spread into the
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In 1380, an order of "wasp nest" rocket arrow launchers were ordered by the Ming army and in 1400 rocket arrow launchers were recorded to have been used by
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sent to the Song dynasty a unit of soldiers skilled in the handling of fire arrows. In the same year, the Song used fire arrows to destroy the fleet of
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ame=&searchType=a&keyword=화차 "Articles of 1451, Munjongsillok of annals of Joseon
Dynasty (from book 5 to 9, click 문종 for view)"
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attached to an arrow. This type of fire arrow served the function of an incendiary and was launched using a bow or crossbow.
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Fighting techniques of the
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The rocket propelled fire arrow appeared later. By the mid-14 century rocket arrow launchers had appeared in the
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argues that rockets could not have existed prior to the 12th century since the gunpowder formulas listed in the
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This article is about the rocket-propelled projectile. For incendiary arrows shot with a bow or crossbow, see
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also started producing gunpowder and by 1377 was producing cannons and fire arrows, which they used against
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In 1083, Song records state that the court produced 350,000 fire arrows and sent them to two garrisons.
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Lu Zhen. "Alternative Twenty-Five
Histories: Records of Nine Kingdoms". Jinan: Qilu Press, 2000.
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pirates. Korean fire arrows were used against the
Japanese during the invasion of Korea in 1592.
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529:. It carries 32 medium small poisoned rocket arrows and comes with a sling to carry on the back.
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attributes the invention to two different people at different times, Feng
Jisheng in 969 and
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Arabic illustration showing a gunpowder arrow on the left, fireworks in the middle, and a
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The dating of the appearance of the gunpowder propelled fire arrow, otherwise known as a
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The
Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
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In 969, gunpowder propelled rocket arrows were invented by Yue Yifang and Feng
Jisheng.
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utilizing gunpowder were used to provide arrows with propulsive force and the term
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army of 100,000 men who were driven back by regular war machines and fire arrows.
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By 1127, the Jin were also using fire arrows produced by captured Song artisans.
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846:(Google eBook), William E. Burrows, Random House Digital, Inc., Nov 5, 1999P.8
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Science and technology in Korean history: Excursions, innovations, and issues
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Chinese Siege Warfare: Mechanical Artillery & Siege Weapons of Antiquity
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106:) underwent a different semantic shift and became synonymous with 'cannon'.
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A "nest of bees" (yi wo feng 一窩蜂) rocket arrow launcher as depicted in the
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In 1159, fire arrows were used by the Song navy in sinking a Jin fleet.
173:(fire lance or hand cannon) on the right, from Rzevuski MS, c. 1320-1350
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Depiction of a stationary fire arrow (rocket arrow) launcher from the
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An arrow strapped with gunpowder ready to be shot from a bow. From the
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In 1451, a type of mobile rocket arrow launcher known as the "Munjong
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the fire arrow was constructed and used in the following manner:
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http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrockethistory.htm
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The fire arrows were first reported to have been used by the
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Although the fire arrow is most commonly associated with its
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Cathayan Arrows and Meteors: The Origins of Chinese Rocketry
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An illustration of fire arrow launchers as depicted in the
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1124:, Stephen Turnbull, Osprey Publishing, Nov 20, 2007 P.34
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784:"History of Rocketry: Ancient times to the 17th Century"
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The 'convocation of eagles chasing hare arrow' from the
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A "long serpent" fire arrow launcher as depicted in the
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The Japanese version of the fire arrow was known as the
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642:(fire arrow), showing the fuse, Kumamoto Castle, Japan.
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general Li Gang used a fire arrow machine known as the
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Great Chinese Encyclopedia - Ancient Chinese Rocket
287:In 1245, a military exercise was conducted on the
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118:mechanism, it originally consisted of a pouch of
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2756:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket
844:This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age
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2791:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket
749:The History of Early Fireworks and Fire Arrows
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71:were one of the earliest forms of weaponized
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622:(fire arrow cannon), Kumamoto Castle, Japan.
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58:Depiction of rocket arrows, from the
2718:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle
1254:Science & Civilisation in China
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273:, during a Jin maritime incursion.
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1186:Firearms: A Global History to 1700
291:using what were probably rockets.
280:) rather than just "fire arrows" (
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2186:Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms
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1025:, Jain Publishing Company, 2005,
1122:Pirate of the Far East: 811-1639
1120:wAA#v=onepage&q&f=false
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3243:Category:Early modern firearms
2751:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle
2722:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle
1260:, Cambridge University Press,
1188:, Cambridge University Press,
1169:, Princeton University Press,
942:ese%20fire%20arrow&f=true
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776:
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686:Technology of the Song dynasty
344:Tanegashima matchlock arquebus
13:
1:
2708:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle
2688:Belton M1777 repeating musket
709:
276:By 1206, "gunpowder arrows" (
191:Timeline of the Gunpowder Age
98:. In other languages such as
2834:Byzantine fire tube (cannon)
970:, New Cavendish books, 1978
947:, New Cavendish books, 1978
457:(國朝五禮儀, Five Rites of State)
27:Chinese gunpowder projectile
7:
2975:Medieval large calibre guns
2623:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun
2593:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon
2434:Self Strengthening Movement
647:
634:Antique Japanese (samurai)
610:Antique Japanese (samurai)
199:in 904 during the siege of
36:Fire Arrow (disambiguation)
10:
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2713:M1696 French common musket
2166:Jin & Sixteen Kingdoms
382:
327:" was invented in Joseon.
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29:
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3056:Byzantine rocket launcher
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2666:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon
2613:Meriam kecil hand cannon
2578:Heilongjiang hand cannon
2538:Bedil tumbak hand cannon
2125:Chinese military history
1231:Warfare in China to 1600
1203:Haw, Stephen G. (2013),
586:- the Korean fire arrow.
334:. The Japanese pirates (
305:In 1374, the kingdom of
265:used fire arrows at the
3248:Category:Early firearms
3065:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet
2171:Northern & Southern
1211:Liang, Jieming (2006),
1184:Chase, Kenneth (2003),
806:, p. 43, 259, 578.
360:solid-propellant rocket
220:Published in 1044, the
2652:Shou Chong hand cannon
2510:History of the firearm
2394:Ming gunpowder weapons
2349:Song gunpowder weapons
2082:Eighteen Arms of Wushu
396:A fire arrow from the
358:, more specifically a
240:On March 1, 1126, the
182:
174:
144:
65:
51:
34:. For other uses, see
3098:rocket arrow launcher
3092:rocket arrow launcher
3076:Fire crow rocket bomb
2703:Che Dian Chong musket
2588:Huo Chong hand cannon
2234:Ming treasure voyages
2123:Ancient and dynastic
1229:Lorge, Peter (2005),
261:In 1161, the general
209:In 975, the state of
180:
168:
131:
83:, the first firearm.
57:
44:
3085:Hale rocket launcher
2776:Spanish M1752 musket
2656:Tanegashima arquebus
2558:English horse pistol
2500:History of gunpowder
2413:Breechloading musket
187:History of gunpowder
3104:(Chinese petroleum)
2995:Dardanelles bombard
2966:Wuwei Bronze Cannon
2918:Obusier de vaisseau
1688:(nine section whip)
1308:Chinese Fire Arrows
362:, is disputed. The
269:, near present-day
246:Thunderbolt thrower
3289:Chinese inventions
3284:Artillery of China
3134:Thunder crash bomb
2781:Springfield musket
2698:Charleville musket
2598:Istinggar arquebus
2354:Thunder crash bomb
2299:Repeating crossbow
1976:(deer horn knives)
1891:Thunder crash bomb
1292:2020-04-10 at the
1258:The Gunpowder Epic
754:2020-04-10 at the
598:Korean fire arrows
449:Illustration of a
284:) were mentioned.
183:
175:
66:
52:
3256:
3255:
3144:Firing mechanisms
3123:Petroleum naphtha
3028:Pumhart von Steyr
2991:Byzantine bombard
2893:Hu Dun Pao cannon
2693:Brown Bess musket
2446:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2090:
2089:
2036:Armour and Helmet
1524:
1523:
1392:(butterfly sword)
1256:, vol. V:7:
1176:978-0-691-13597-7
1054:978-0-312-38696-2
1031:978-0-89581-838-6
1008:978-0-9797263-4-7
618:(fire arrow) and
370:in 1000. However
250:Jingkang Incident
125:According to the
16:(Redirected from
3311:
3304:Rocket artillery
3269:Weapons of China
2928:Pierrier a boite
2661:Toradar arquebus
2608:Jiaozhi arquebus
2533:Bajozutsu pistol
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2066:
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2054:
2053:
2042:
2041:
2019:
2018:
2006:
2005:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1968:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1944:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1920:
1898:
1897:
1886:
1885:
1874:
1873:
1862:
1861:
1850:
1849:
1838:
1837:
1826:
1825:
1814:
1813:
1802:
1801:
1790:
1789:
1778:
1777:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1719:
1718:
1707:
1706:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1667:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1630:
1619:
1618:
1607:
1606:
1595:
1594:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1545:
1517:
1516:
1505:
1504:
1493:
1492:
1481:
1480:
1458:
1457:
1446:
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1434:
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1422:
1421:
1410:
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1398:
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1385:
1384:
1373:
1372:
1355:
1354:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1270:
1234:
1225:
1207:
1198:
1179:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1040:
1034:
1017:
1011:
997:
991:
985:
979:
962:
956:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
906:
899:
893:
887:
881:
880:, p. 34-35.
875:
869:
866:
860:
854:
848:
840:
834:
828:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
794:
792:
791:
780:
774:
768:
759:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
631:
607:
595:
575:
556:
538:
520:
502:
484:
466:
453:manual from the
446:
428:
410:
393:
350:Rocket invention
267:Battle of Caishi
142:
96:Chinese language
21:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3234:
3201:
3138:
3108:Mysorean rocket
3060:Congreve rocket
3032:
2970:
2795:
2670:
2548:Combination gun
2514:
2486:
2484:thermal weapons
2477:
2447:
2438:
2318:
2304:Siege equipment
2250:
2220:
2127:
2121:
2091:
2086:
2070:
2023:
1901:
1722:
1712:Chang xiao bang
1662:(meteor hammer)
1647:
1520:
1461:
1390:Hudie shuangdao
1344:
1341:
1294:Wayback Machine
1278:
1268:
1250:Needham, Joseph
1223:
1196:
1177:
1158:
1153:
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1129:
1118:
1114:
1102:
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1064:
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1041:
1037:
1018:
1014:
998:
994:
986:
982:
963:
959:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
909:
900:
896:
888:
884:
876:
872:
867:
863:
855:
851:
841:
837:
829:
822:
814:
810:
802:
798:
789:
787:
786:. Spaceline.org
782:
781:
777:
769:
762:
756:Wayback Machine
747:
743:
735:
731:
723:
716:
712:
700:
676:Rocket Festival
650:
643:
632:
623:
608:
599:
596:
587:
576:
567:
557:
548:
539:
530:
521:
512:
503:
494:
485:
476:
467:
458:
447:
438:
429:
420:
411:
402:
394:
385:
364:History of Song
352:
342:or a wide bore
193:
163:
143:
138:
112:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3299:Early rocketry
3296:
3294:Early firearms
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3230:Wujing Zongyao
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3192:Snap matchlock
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3073:(rocket arrow)
3068:
3067:(flamethrower)
3062:
3057:
3054:
3047:
3045:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2771:Potzdam musket
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2731:Jazayer musket
2728:
2723:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2505:Historiography
2502:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2480:Early firearms
2476:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2391:
2388:Huolongchushui
2384:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2246:Late Qing Navy
2243:
2242:
2241:
2239:treasure ships
2230:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Three Kingdoms
2158:
2153:
2150:Warring States
2143:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
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2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2056:
2044:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1851:
1843:Che Dian Chong
1839:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1638:(monk's spade)
1632:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1547:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1522:
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1339:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1296:
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1277:
1276:External links
1274:
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1272:
1266:
1246:
1235:
1226:
1221:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1181:
1175:
1163:Andrade, Tonio
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1112:
1070:
1068:, p. 514.
1058:
1035:
1012:
992:
990:, p. 173.
980:
957:
934:
932:, p. 132.
922:
920:, p. 511.
907:
894:
882:
870:
861:
849:
835:
833:, p. 148.
820:
808:
796:
775:
773:, p. 154.
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582:that launches
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441:
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430:
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421:
412:
405:
403:
395:
388:
384:
381:
376:Wujing Zongyao
372:Joseph Needham
351:
348:
289:Qiantang River
223:Wujing Zongyao
162:
159:
140:Wujing Zongyao
136:
127:Wujing Zongyao
111:
108:
102:'fire arrow' (
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3316:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
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3220:Jixiao Xinshu
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
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3173:
3172:Miquelet lock
3170:
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3160:
3158:
3155:
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3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3141:
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3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:Orban bombard
3023:
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3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
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2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Korean cannon
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
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2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
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2869:
2866:
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2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:Kabyle musket
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:Jezail musket
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
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2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:Java arquebus
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Howdah pistol
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
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2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
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2511:
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2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
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2481:
2474:
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2467:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2419:Xun Lei Chong
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2407:San yan chong
2404:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2395:
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2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2147:
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2142:
2139:
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2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
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2113:
2111:
2106:
2104:
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2098:
2095:
2083:
2080:
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2073:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1856:
1855:Xun Lei Chong
1852:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1831:San yan chong
1828:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:Roped/chained
1650:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1612:Hongyingqiang
1609:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
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1527:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1333:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1267:0-521-30358-3
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:7-5333-0697-X
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1222:981-05-5380-3
1218:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1195:0-521-82274-2
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1149:, p. 41.
1148:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1095:
1080:
1074:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
989:
984:
977:
976:0-904568-10-5
973:
969:
968:
961:
954:
953:0-904568-10-5
950:
946:
945:
938:
931:
926:
919:
914:
912:
904:
898:
892:, p. 39.
891:
886:
879:
874:
865:
859:, p. 32.
858:
853:
847:
845:
839:
832:
827:
825:
817:
812:
805:
800:
785:
779:
772:
767:
765:
757:
753:
750:
745:
739:, p. 68.
738:
733:
727:, p. 31.
726:
721:
719:
714:
705:
704:Arrow poisons
702:
701:
697:
694:
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689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
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625:
621:
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613:
606:
601:
594:
589:
585:
581:
574:
569:
566:
565:Yungwon pilbi
562:
555:
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546:
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537:
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528:
527:
519:
514:
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496:
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218:
216:
215:Southern Tang
212:
207:
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135:
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89:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
63:
62:
56:
50:
49:
43:
37:
33:
32:Flaming arrow
19:
3177:Muzzleloader
3152:Breechloader
3130:rocket arrow
3102:Meng Huo You
3070:
3053:rocket arrow
3043:incendiaries
3015:Grose Bochse
2961:Wankou Chong
2424:
2417:
2405:
2398:
2386:
2379:
2370:
2337:Flamethrower
2331:
2058:
2046:
2034:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1889:
1877:
1867:Wankou Chong
1865:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1783:Tu Huo Qiang
1781:
1769:
1758:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1711:
1698:
1685:
1672:
1660:Liuxing Chui
1659:
1635:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1553:(dagger-axe)
1550:
1537:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1376:
1364:
1358:Short swords
1257:
1253:
1230:
1212:
1204:
1185:
1166:
1156:Bibliography
1142:
1130:
1121:
1115:
1083:. Retrieved
1073:
1066:Needham 1986
1061:
1044:
1038:
1021:
1015:
995:
983:
966:
960:
943:
937:
930:Needham 1986
925:
918:Needham 1986
897:
890:Andrade 2016
885:
878:Andrade 2016
873:
864:
857:Andrade 2016
852:
843:
838:
831:Needham 1986
811:
804:Needham 1986
799:
788:. Retrieved
778:
771:Needham 1986
744:
737:Needham 1986
732:
725:Andrade 2016
639:
635:
619:
615:
611:
564:
542:
524:
506:
488:
470:
455:Gukjo-oryeui
454:
432:
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397:
353:
329:
322:
315:
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293:
286:
281:
277:
275:
260:
257:
254:
245:
239:
236:
227:
221:
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208:
205:
194:
170:
155:Ming dynasty
152:
145:
132:
124:
113:
103:
91:
85:
76:
68:
67:
59:
46:
3279:Arrow types
3215:Huolongjing
3207:Literatures
3010:Faule Mette
3005:Faule Grete
3000:Dulle Griet
2863:Ekor lotong
2825:Baton a feu
2726:Jäger rifle
2618:Muff pistol
2573:Hand mortar
2568:Hand cannon
2543:Blunderbuss
2366:Hand cannon
2262:Traditional
2201:Jurchen Jin
2075:Major lists
2060:Hook shield
2012:Fenghuo lun
1819:Rocket cart
1686:Jiujie bian
1675:(rope dart)
1466:Long swords
1233:, Routledge
758:— About.com
691:Tracer ammo
620:hiya taihou
434:Huolongjing
340:hiya taihou
318:Li Jinglong
300:Middle East
248:during the
197:Southern Wu
81:fire lances
69:Fire arrows
61:Huolongjing
48:Huolongjing
18:Fire arrows
3263:Categories
3118:Pen Huo Qi
3080:Greek fire
3071:Fire arrow
2956:Xanadu Gun
2943:Swivel gun
2933:Pot de fer
2873:Fauconneau
2563:Fire lance
2381:Hu dun pao
2359:Fire lance
2332:Fire arrow
2028:Protection
1987:Hook sword
1974:Lujiao dao
1879:Hu dun pao
1759:Fire arrow
1727:Projectile
1673:Sheng biao
1636:Yueya chan
1135:Lorge 2005
1103:|url=
1085:2015-11-15
988:Chase 2003
967:The rocket
944:The rocket
903:Yang Wanli
816:Liang 2006
790:2013-05-31
710:References
674:Thai Isan
584:singijeons
278:huoyaojian
185:See also:
148:Greek fire
104:agni astra
92:fire arrow
3274:Gunpowder
3225:Wubei Zhi
3197:Wheellock
3182:Snaphance
3167:Matchlock
3162:Flintlock
3128:Singijeon
2951:Veuglaire
2947:Tarasnice
2923:Organ gun
2888:Hongyipao
2853:Chongtong
2843:Carronade
2802:artillery
2766:Musketoon
2633:Pepperbox
2426:Hongyipao
2342:Petroleum
2324:Gunpowder
2255:Equipment
1807:Shouchong
1510:Zhanmadao
1451:Yanmaodao
1427:Niuweidao
655:Gunpowder
563:from the
544:Wubei Zhi
526:Wubei Zhi
508:Wubei Zhi
490:Wubei Zhi
472:Wubei Zhi
416:Wubei Zhi
399:Wubei Zhi
271:Ma'anshan
263:Yu Yunwen
120:gunpowder
73:gunpowder
3187:Snaplock
3020:Mons Meg
2868:Falconet
2858:Culverin
2820:Basilisk
2786:Wall gun
2628:Petronel
2528:Arquebus
2520:Firearms
2495:Timeline
2372:Huochong
2314:War cart
2294:Crossbow
2289:Elephant
2284:Polearms
1906:Handheld
1795:Huochong
1771:Huoqiang
1747:Zhuge nu
1530:Polearms
1474:Changdao
1415:Liuyedao
1290:Archived
1252:(1986),
1165:(2016),
1147:Haw 2013
1094:cite web
752:Archived
648:See also
137:—
100:Sanskrit
3157:Doglock
3113:Naphtha
3090:Huo Che
3051:Bo-hiya
3039:rockets
2987:Basilic
2982:Bombard
2903:Lantaka
2848:Cetbang
2680:muskets
2400:Huo Che
2309:Stirrup
2269:Chariot
1999:Ji lian
1539:Guandao
1486:Miaodao
1439:Piandao
1105:value (
1010:P.51-60
681:Jiao Yu
665:Huo Che
640:bo hiya
612:bo hiya
383:Gallery
368:Tang Fu
332:bo hiya
296:Mongols
282:huojian
201:Yuzhang
161:History
88:rockets
77:huǒjiàn
3096:Hwacha
3037:Early
2938:Prangi
2913:Mortar
2838:Cannon
2800:Early
2761:Musket
2741:Jingal
2676:Rifles
2638:Pistol
2553:Dragon
2279:Swords
2274:Armour
2133:Armies
2048:Shield
1950:Emeici
1699:Sanjie
1350:Swords
1264:
1241:
1219:
1192:
1173:
1101:Check
1052:
1029:
1006:
974:
951:
670:Hwacha
660:Cannon
636:bohiya
616:bohiya
580:hwacha
561:hwacha
451:hwacha
356:rocket
325:Hwacha
307:Joseon
116:rocket
110:Design
86:Later
2141:Shang
1600:Qiang
1588:Podao
1498:Wodao
1366:Dadao
1056:P.102
336:wokou
311:wokou
226:, or
211:Wuyue
171:midfa
3041:and
2908:Lela
2810:Abus
2678:and
2482:and
2226:Navy
2216:Qing
2211:Ming
2206:Yuan
2196:Song
2191:Liao
2181:Tang
2146:Zhou
1962:Jiǎn
1938:Chúi
1914:Biān
1624:Tang
1403:Jian
1396:蝴蝶雙刀
1262:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1171:ISBN
1107:help
1050:ISBN
1033:P.82
1027:ISBN
1004:ISBN
972:ISBN
955:P.10
949:ISBN
294:The
242:Song
232:Liao
189:and
134:bow.
2176:Sui
2156:Han
2017:風火輪
1980:鹿角刀
1955:峨嵋刺
1926:Chǐ
1896:震天雷
1884:虎蹲砲
1872:碗口銃
1860:迅雷銃
1848:掣電銃
1836:三眼銃
1824:火箭車
1788:突火槍
1752:諸葛弩
1717:長小棒
1705:三節棍
1701:gun
1692:九節鞭
1666:流星錘
1642:月牙鏟
1617:紅纓槍
1564:Gun
1515:斬馬刀
1456:雁毛刀
1432:牛尾刀
1420:柳葉刀
1378:Dao
978:P.2
638:or
614:or
3265::
2064:鉤鑲
2040:甲胄
2004:鷄鐮
1812:手銃
1800:火銃
1776:火槍
1764:火箭
1735:Nu
1679:繩鏢
1593:朴刀
1576:Ji
1551:Ge
1544:關刀
1503:倭刀
1491:苗刀
1479:長刀
1444:片刀
1371:大刀
1098::
1096:}}
1092:{{
910:^
823:^
763:^
717:^
559:A
320:.
252:.
217:.
203:.
2472:e
2465:t
2458:v
2152:)
2148:(
2116:e
2109:t
2102:v
2052:盾
1991:鉤
1967:鐧
1943:錘
1931:尺
1919:鞭
1740:弩
1629:镗
1605:槍
1581:戟
1569:棍
1557:戈
1408:劍
1383:刀
1336:e
1329:t
1322:v
1271:.
1245:.
1199:.
1180:.
1137:.
1109:)
1088:.
905:)
818:.
793:.
493:.
437:.
419:.
38:.
20:)
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