259:
1380:, in the Dordogne river valley, the second of the three children of Pons de Salignac, Comte de La Mothe-Fénelon by his wife Louise de La Cropte. Reduced to the status of "impecunious old nobility" by François' time, the La Mothe-Fénelons had produced leaders in both Church and state. His uncle Francois currently served as bishop of nearby Sarlat, a see in which fifteen generations of the Fénelon family had filled the episcopal chair. "In fact, so many members of the family occupied the position that it had begun to be considered as practically a familial apanage to which the Salignac-Fénelon had a right as seigneurs of the locality"
1973:...those same questions, in the same sorrowing tone, Fénelon puts to to his pupil, the Duc de Bourgogne, against the day, when he will have to take over the royal power: Do you understand the constitution of kingship? Have you acquainted yourself with the moral obligations of Kings? Have you sought means of bringing comfort to the people? The evils that are engendered by absolute power, by incompetent administration, by war, how will you shield your subjects from them? And when in 1711, the same Duc de Bourgogne became Dauphin of France, it was a whole string of reforms that Fénelon submitted to him in preparation for his accession
76:
2578:
1875:
1611:
226:
251:
267:
4270:
4219:
1259:
4246:
4282:
2563:
1271:
1825:, which he submitted to the commission members, as well as to the Bishop of Chartres and Fénelon, requesting their signatures before its publication. Fénelon refused to sign, arguing that Mme Guyon had already admitted her mistakes and there was no point in further condemning her. Furthermore, Fénelon disagreed with Bossuet's interpretation of the Articles d'Issy, as he wrote in
1683:"the true key to the museum of the eighteenth-century imagination". One of the most popular works of the century, it became an immediate best seller both in France and abroad, going through many editions and translated into every European language and even Latin verse (first in Berlin in 1743, then in Paris by Étienne Viel ). It inspired numerous imitations, such as the Abbé
1996:
is the nation to the universal commonweal; wherefore it is infinitely more harmful for nation to wrong nation, than for family to wrong family. To abandon the sentiment of humanity is not merely to renounce civilization and to relapse into barbarism, it is to share in the blindness of the most brutish brigands and savages; it is to be a man no longer, but a cannibal.
4258:
1995:
A people is no less a member of the human race, which is society as a whole, than a family is a member of a particular nation. Each individual owes incomparably more to the human race, which is the great fatherland, than to the particular country in which he was born. As a family is to the nation, so
1535:
region of France preaching to
Protestants. He persuaded the king to remove troops from the region and tried to avoid outright displays of religious oppression. But, in the end, he was willing to resort to force to make Protestants listen to his message. He believed that "to be obliged to do good is
1805:
condemned in 1687. Mme de
Maintenon responded by requesting an ecclesiastical commission to examine Mme Guyon's orthodoxy: the commission consisted of two of Fénelon's old friends, Bossuet and de Noailles, as well as the head of the Sulpician order of which Fénelon was a member. The commission sat
2018:
The world is not abstraction; it is the sum total of families; and who can civilize it more effectively than women . . . . are scarcely less important to the public than those of men, since women have a household to rule, a husband to make happy, and children to bring up well . . . . In
1724:
is therefore widely seen as the most thorough exposition of the brand of reformism in the
Beauvilliers-Chevreuse circle, which hoped that following Louis XIV's death, his brand of autocracy could be replaced by a monarchy less centralized and less absolute, and with a greater role for aristocrats
1908:, Spanish troops encamped in his archdiocese (an area France had only recently captured from Spain), but they never interfered with the exercise of his archiepiscopal duties. Warfare, however, produced refugees, and Fénelon opened his palace to refugees fleeing the ongoing conflict.
1925:, which revived the old Jansenist distinction between questions of law and questions of fact, and argued that though the church had the right to condemn certain opinions as heretical, it did not have the right to oblige one to believe that these opinions were actually contained in
2024:
H.C. Barnard, Fénelon on
Education: A Translation of the 'Traité de l'education des filles' and Other Documents Illustrating Fénelon's Educational Theories and Practice, Together with an Introduction and Notes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966), 2-3., quoted in
1720:, who generally disliked Fénelon, admitted that when Fénelon became tutor, the duke was a spoiled, violent child; when Fénelon left him, the duke had learned the lessons of self-control as well as being thoroughly impressed with a sense of his future duties.
1598:, usually known simply as Madame Guyon. At that time, she was well received in the social circle of the Beauvilliers and Chevreuses. Fénelon was deeply impressed by her piety and actively discipled her. He would later become a devotee and defend her brand of
1536:
always an advantage and that heretics and schismatics, when forced to apply their minds to the consideration of truth, eventually lay aside their erroneous beliefs, whereas they would never have examined these matters had not authority constrained them."
1675:
which affirmed the divine foundations of absolute monarchy while also exhorting the future king to use restraint and wisdom in exercising his absolute power, Fénelon went so far as to write "Good kings are rare and the generality of monarchs bad".
1865:
was published. This book also enraged Louis XIV, for it appeared to question his regime's very foundations. Thus, even after Fénelon abjured his
Quietist views, the king refused to revoke his order forbidding Fénelon from leaving his archdiocese.
1956:
Although confined to the
Cambrai archdiocese in his later years, Fénelon continued to act as a spiritual director for Mme de Maintenon, as well as the ducs de Chevreuse and de Beauvilliers, the duke of Burgundy, and other prominent individuals.
2139:
valuing its profound spiritual insights and practical guidance for deepening one’s relationship with God. Tozer regards it as an essential read for those earnest in pursuing a devout
Christian life, emphasizing its timeless significance.
2162:, as an example of man whose life and continued authorship of important works was so valuable to society at large, that if his palace was in flames and someone was in a position to rescue either Fenelon or his valet (some editions say
1960:
Fénelon's later years were blighted by the deaths of many of his close friends. Shortly before his death, he asked Louis XIV to replace him with a man opposed to
Jansenism and loyal to the Sulpician order. He died on 7 January 1715.
1900:
churches and other institutions within his archdiocese. He preached in his cathedral on festival days, and took an especial interest in seminary training and in examining candidates for the priesthood prior to their ordination.
1912:
For Fénelon all wars were civil wars. Humanity was a single society and all wars within it the greatest evil, for he argued that one's obligation to mankind as a whole was always greater than what was owed to one's particular
1462:. He initially dreamed of becoming a missionary to the East, but instead, and at the instigation of friends, he preached in Sulpician parishes and performed routine pastoral work as his reputation for eloquence began to grow.
1431:. Fénelon demonstrated so much talent at the Collège du Plessis that at age 15, he was asked to give a public sermon. About 1672 (i.e. around the time he was 21 years old), Fénelon's uncle managed to get him enrolled in the
1754:
wife of Louis XIV since roughly 1684) began to regularly consult Fénelon on matters of conscience. Also, since Fénelon had a reputation as an expert on educating girls, she sought his advice on the house of
2497:
MANSFIELD, ANDREW. “The
Political Principles of Fénelon.” In Ideas of Monarchical Reform: Fénelon, Jacobitism, and the Political Works of the Chevalier Ramsay, 83–104. Manchester University Press, 2015.
2019:
short, one has to consider not only the good which women do when they are well brought up, but also the evil which they cause in the world when they lack an education which inspires them to virtue..."
1713:
appeared in wallpaper. The
American president Andrew Jackson wallpapered the entrance hall to his slave plantation, The Hermitage, in Tennessee, with scenes from Telemachus on the Island of Calypso.
1969:
Fénelon wrote about the dangers of power in government. Historian Paul Hazard remarks that the author posed hard questions for his fictional hero Telemachus to put to Idomeneus, King of Salente:
1580:
1387:
by private tutors, who gave him a thorough grounding in the language and literature of the Greek and Latin classics. In 1663, at age 12, he was sent to the University of Cahors, where he studied
1840:. Shocked that his grandson's tutors held such views, the king removed Fénelon from his post as royal tutor and ordered Fénelon to remain within the boundaries of the archdiocese of Cambrai.
1836:
Louis XIV responded to the controversy by chastising Bossuet for not warning him earlier of Fénelon's opinions and ordered Bossuet, de Noailles, and the Bishop of Chartres to respond to the
2568:
2510:
Christoph Schmitt-Maaß, Stefanie Stockhorst and Doohwan Ahn (eds.). 'Fénelon in the Enlightenment: Traditions, Adaptations, and Variations'. Amsterdam - New York, Rodopi, 2014.
1473:, a community in Paris for young Huguenot girls, who had been removed from their families and were about to join the Church of Rome. In 1687, he published a pedagogical work,
1766:
while at the same time asking him to remain in his position as tutor to the duke of Burgundy. Fénelon accepted, and he was consecrated by his old friend Bossuet in August.
1618:
In 1689, Louis XIV named Fénelon's friend the Duc de Beauvilliers as governor of the royal grandchildren. Upon Beauvilliers' recommendation, Fénelon was named the tutor of
4342:
4317:
2209:
38:
2644:
2855:
2604:
2491:
Kanter, Sanford B. “Archbishop Fenelon’s Political Activity: The Focal Point of Power in Dynasticism.” French Historical Studies 4, no. 3 (1966): 320–34.
1747:
1818:. Both Fénelon and the Bishop of Chartres signed the articles, as did all three commission members. Mme Guyon immediately submitted to the decision.
4332:
1935:. The treatises, sermons, and pastoral letters Fénelon wrote in response occupy seven volumes in his collected works. Fénelon particularly condemned
2357:
1858:
Fénelon immediately declared that he submitted to the pope's authority and set aside his own opinion. With this, the Quietist matter was dropped.
4367:
2656:
2182:
1512:
in 1685, the Church began a campaign to send the greatest orators in the country into the regions of France with the highest concentration of
2873:
2756:
2637:
1576:
1302:
553:
1671:
2926:
2504:
Randall, Catharine. “‘LOOSENING THE STAYS’: MADAME GUYON’S QUIETIST OPPOSITION TO ABSOLUTISM.” Mystics Quarterly 26, no. 1 (2000): 8–30.
1619:
2529:
2848:
2716:
2514:
1814:, 34 articles which briefly condemned certain of Mme Guyon's opinions, as well as set forth a brief exposition of the Catholic view of
4327:
4392:
2630:
2519:
2055:
1669:
which was the dominant ideology of Louis XIV's France. In sharp contrast to Bossuet, who, when tutor to the Dauphin, had written
4347:
4337:
2395:
1353:
59:
4322:
1595:
2841:
2159:
1833:). Fénelon interpreted the Articles d'Issy in a way much more sympathetic to the Quietist viewpoint than Bossuet proposed.
1717:
1399:. When the young man expressed interest in a career in the church, his uncle, the Marquis Antoine de Fénelon (a friend of
4377:
1420:
935:
2319:
Letters from Baron Van Hugel to a Niece, edited with an introduction by Gwendolen Greene—first published in 1928, p. 110
1716:
Most believed Fénelon's tutorship resulted in a dramatic improvement in the young duke's behaviour. Even the memoirist
2451:
2289:
DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Dordogne, Bordeaux & the Southwest Coast: Dordogne, Bordeaux & the Southwest Coast
4362:
2708:
2297:
2030:
Finding their Place in the World: Meiji Intellectuals and the Japanese Construction of an East-West Binary, 1868-1912
1295:
439:
102:
1821:
At Issy, the commission asked Bossuet to follow up the Articles with an exposition. Bossuet thus proceeded to write
3886:
4372:
4352:
3911:
3174:
2892:
2572:
2046:
1798:
1646:
1599:
1348:
665:
2668:
2328:
Telemachus, Book XIV. "Ainsi les bons rois sont très rares, et la plupart sont si méchants …". See for example:
4387:
3836:
2887:
234:
4312:
3856:
3536:
2933:
1905:
479:
3952:
1432:
1130:
326:
2911:
1756:
1288:
1235:
2740:
2732:
1896:, Fénelon spent most of his time in the archiepiscopal palace, but also spent several months of each year
1155:
138:
3811:
1931:
975:
31:
4382:
4236:
3962:
3901:
2864:
1569:
1165:
311:
3725:
3705:
1843:
This unleashed two years of pamphlet warfare as the two sides traded opinions. On 12 March 1699, the
1520:. Upon Bossuet's suggestion, Fénelon was included in this group, alongside such oratorical greats as
1501:
915:
2812:
1060:
865:
75:
3876:
3069:
2961:
2904:
2700:
580:
336:
306:
3987:
3931:
3851:
3247:
2653:
2426:
2112:
1729:
1623:
1404:
1384:
1365:
1170:
800:
427:
289:
37:"François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon" redirects here. For the missionary in New France, see
17:
2518:
900:
4072:
4037:
3871:
3490:
2991:
2724:
1988:
1815:
1424:
1090:
725:
462:
3906:
3866:
3826:
2337:
1793:
to Mme de Maintenon. The bishop noted that Mme Guyon's opinions bore striking similarities to
4357:
3997:
3916:
3785:
3780:
3207:
3050:
2899:
1778:
1763:
1663:
1633:. He wrote several important works specifically to guide his young charge. These include his
1626:, who was second in line for the throne. This brought him a good deal of influence at court.
1584:
660:
600:
575:
383:
112:
92:
67:
4042:
2748:
1408:
965:
940:
496:
4307:
4302:
4173:
4143:
4092:
3770:
3655:
3585:
3375:
3350:
3330:
3310:
3272:
3267:
3232:
3114:
3008:
2796:
1897:
1736:
1549:
1055:
845:
810:
780:
750:
720:
615:
511:
331:
321:
242:
4158:
3690:
1150:
8:
4274:
4148:
4112:
4082:
3846:
3750:
3590:
3551:
3531:
3459:
3345:
3154:
2997:
2984:
2973:
2692:
2204:
2118:
Spiritual Letters (2 volumes, letters to men; letters to women, Rivingtons, London, 1877)
1807:
1774:
As already noted, Fénelon had met Madam Guyon in 1688 and became an admirer of her work.
1751:
1557:
1532:
1466:
1428:
1416:
1120:
990:
870:
805:
610:
538:
417:
406:
341:
213:
4193:
3650:
2780:
1045:
1005:
960:
4223:
4163:
3775:
3715:
3685:
3600:
3595:
3464:
3360:
3257:
3237:
3197:
3139:
3104:
3099:
2943:
2351:
2147:
deeply, never lending it out, and considered it an unparalleled aid to spiritual life.
1782:
1412:
1400:
1263:
1190:
815:
795:
765:
715:
590:
585:
533:
348:
3957:
3615:
3516:
2617:
2246:
Classics of Western Spirituality. New York and Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2006, p. 6f.
1525:
895:
4153:
4138:
4027:
3891:
3831:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3676:
3645:
3625:
3511:
3469:
3449:
3365:
3325:
3300:
3189:
3159:
3109:
3094:
2788:
2548:
2447:
2331:
2293:
1874:
1794:
1666:
1275:
1175:
1100:
1085:
1080:
1050:
1020:
985:
980:
905:
835:
745:
516:
279:
175:
3972:
3881:
3710:
3700:
2820:
1644:
But by far the most lasting of his works that Fénelon composed for the duke was his
1140:
945:
4262:
4062:
4057:
3982:
3967:
3947:
3735:
3660:
3521:
3405:
3390:
3370:
3315:
3295:
3282:
3227:
3119:
2951:
2804:
2582:
2051:
1936:
1926:
1878:
1802:
1777:
In 1697, following a visit by Mme Guyon to Mme de Maintenon's school at Saint-Cyr,
1610:
1521:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1180:
1110:
1035:
860:
770:
675:
650:
620:
388:
296:
4178:
4067:
3806:
3605:
2772:
2764:
2410:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 9–39. Quote on p. 11.
4188:
4077:
4012:
4002:
3926:
3821:
3816:
3720:
3695:
3526:
3506:
3479:
3474:
3444:
3385:
3129:
2956:
2597:
2287:
2104:
2075:
2068:
1944:
1509:
1323:
1200:
1160:
1105:
1040:
1030:
1000:
995:
970:
925:
910:
890:
830:
775:
705:
640:
3620:
4017:
3992:
3921:
3861:
3635:
3630:
3610:
3565:
3400:
3395:
3340:
3262:
3242:
3179:
3055:
2916:
2833:
2676:
2544:
2155:
2028:
1689:
1684:
1630:
1629:
As tutor, Fénelon was charged with guiding the character formation of a future
1369:
1195:
1185:
1010:
930:
920:
790:
730:
484:
457:
422:
358:
271:
171:
4102:
2618:"Educating Telemachus: Lessons in Fénelon's Underworld" by Ippokratis Kantzios
2384:
The Mirror of Antiquity: American Women and the Classical Tradition, 1750–1900
1145:
4296:
4286:
4250:
4198:
4168:
4097:
3790:
3745:
3484:
3454:
3355:
3335:
3320:
3212:
3202:
3089:
3002:
2622:
2612:
2533:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 252–254.
2524:
2499:
2403:
1982:, translated by J. Lewis May (Cleveland Ohio: Meridian Books , 1967) p. 282.
1746:
The early- to mid-1690s are significant since it was during this period that
1565:
1517:
1481:), which brought him much attention, not only in France, but abroad as well.
1095:
1025:
840:
825:
785:
700:
655:
645:
506:
432:
378:
353:
81:
4183:
4122:
4032:
3841:
3501:
3305:
3144:
3084:
2591:
2587:
2199:
1852:
1740:
1220:
760:
635:
474:
4107:
3896:
225:
4117:
4087:
4052:
4047:
4022:
4007:
3977:
3575:
3570:
3547:
3439:
3434:
3415:
3380:
3290:
3079:
2399:
2166:), we should rescue Fenelon, even if the servant was our close relative.
2132:
1943:. His writings contributed to the tide of scholarly opinion which led to
1844:
1695:
1230:
1225:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1015:
855:
850:
820:
755:
735:
371:
275:
2088:
2061:
1544:
During this period, Fénelon assisted Bossuet during his lectures on the
1373:
4203:
3580:
3496:
3164:
3024:
2505:
1949:
1659:
1583:, who were married to the daughters of Louis XIV's minister of finance
1392:
1339:
1335:
680:
393:
301:
208:
1572:. This work was not published until 1820, long after Fénelon's death.
1415:
students followed the same curriculum as the theology students at the
3739:
3425:
3019:
1918:
1810:
and, after six months of deliberations, delivered its opinion in the
1790:
1505:
1500:
During this period, Fénelon had become friends with his future rival
1485:
1436:
1377:
412:
316:
48:
2553:
4218:
3639:
3217:
3169:
3074:
3064:
3034:
3014:
2978:
2557:
2273:
1964:
1882:
1705:
1655:
1561:
1513:
1489:
1455:
1439:
1388:
1332:
1258:
625:
595:
501:
491:
469:
398:
2329:
1554:
Réfutation du système de Malebranche sur la nature et sur la grâce
4269:
3671:
3560:
3410:
3149:
3124:
3039:
2967:
2921:
2492:
2444:
The Crucified Life: How To Live Out A Deeper Christian Experience
1893:
1786:
950:
605:
570:
528:
523:
402:
192:
4245:
3252:
3134:
3029:
1886:
1700:
1552:. It was probably at Bossuet's urging that he now composed his
1459:
710:
670:
630:
2014:
He also wrote of women's education as a means against heresy.
2408:
The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought
2371:
La Naissance du Panthéon: Essai sur le culte des grands homes
1545:
1443:
1346:
and writer. Today, he is remembered mostly as the author of
3222:
1762:
In February 1696, the king nominated Fénelon to become the
1343:
740:
1917:
During these latter years, Fénelon wrote a series of anti-
2486:
François Fénelon, a Biography: The Apostle of Pure Love
1495:
2427:"The Alliance Weekly Volume 82 May 10, 1947 Number 19"
1484:
From 1681 to 1695, Fénelon was prior of the fortified
1454:
Around 1675 (when he would have been 24), Fénelon was
4234:
2210:
François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (missionary)
2177:
Fenelon, Archbishop of Cambrai: A Biographical Sketch
1829:(a work often regarded as his masterpiece - English:
1662:. On another level, it became a biting attack on the
39:
François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (missionary)
2233:
5:151. Ed. M. Viller et al. Paris: Beauchesne, 1964.
2150:
27:
French archbishop, theologian and writer (1651–1715)
1679:French literary historian Jean-Claude Bonnet calls
1449:
1359:
2386:(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007), page 39.
1352:, first published in 1699. He was a member of the
4343:18th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in France
4318:17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in France
2520:"Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe"
2420:
2418:
2416:
2259:, 3rd ed., I, pp. 45f. (Versailles: Lebel, 1817).
2158:referenced Fenelon in book II, chapter II of his
2122:
4294:
2863:
1965:Fénelon as reformer and defender of human rights
1855:listing 23 specific propositions as unorthodox.
1769:
2336:. Hurd and Houghton / Riverside Press. p.
1921:works. The impetus was the publication of the
1728:In 1693, Fénelon was elected to Seat 34 of the
1465:In early 1679, François Harlay de Champvallon,
1331:(6 August 1651 – 7 January 1715), was a French
2652:
2601:"Christian Counsel" (1810) English translation
2413:
2183:Stafford Harry Northcote, Viscount Saint Cyres
1699:. It also more directly supplied the plot for
1383:Fénelon's early education was provided in the
30:"Fénelon" redirects here. For other uses, see
2849:
2638:
1539:
1296:
2470:"François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon."
2356:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1614:Fénelon and the Duke of Burgundy by Neuville
2717:Emmanuel Félicité de Durfort, Duke of Duras
2330:Fenelon, Francois, Tr. Hawkesworth (1872).
2292:. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 119.
1941:Réflexions morales sur le Nouveau Testament
2856:
2842:
2645:
2631:
2257:Histoire de Fénelon, Archevêque de Cambrai
1303:
1289:
74:
2513:
2285:
1735:In 1694, the king named Fénelon Abbot of
1364:Fénelon was born on 6 August 1651 at the
4333:17th-century French Catholic theologians
2757:Frédéric Alfred Pierre, Count of Falloux
2685:François de Salignac de La Mothe Fénelon
1991:, and the unity of humankind. He wrote:
1873:
1693:(1731), which in turn inspired Mozart's
1609:
1324:[fʁɑ̃swadəsaliɲakdəlamɔtfenəlɔ̃]
1316:François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon
2472:Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed
2279:
1789:) expressed concerns about Mme Guyon's
1650:, written in 1693–94. On its surface,
1605:
1419:. While there, he became friends with
14:
4295:
3857:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
2488:. Brewster, MA; Paraclete Press, 2012.
2269:
2267:
2265:
2063:Treatise on the Education of Daughters
1596:Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon
1594:In 1688, Fénelon first met his cousin
1575:Fénelon also became friendly with the
2837:
2626:
2026:
1531:He spent the next three years in the
1322:
2160:Enquiry Concerning Political Justice
1823:Instructions sur les états d'oraison
1725:such as Beauvilliers and Chevreuse.
1718:Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon
1672:Politique tirée de l'Écriture sainte
1496:Missionary to the Huguenots, 1686–87
2813:Jacques de Bourbon, Count of Busset
2701:Louis de Bourbon, Count of Clermont
2262:
2033:(Thesis). Georgia State University.
1407:) arranged for him to study at the
24:
2579:Works by or about François Fénelon
2464:
2137:Inner Life (Christian Perfection),
2135:highly praises François Fénelon's
1827:Explication des Maximes des Saints
1785:(Saint-Cyr was located within his
1759:which she was founding for girls.
1622:'s eldest son, the seven-year-old
1516:to persuade them of the errors of
1479:Treatise on the Education of Girls
1469:, selected Fénelon as director of
1395:under the influence of the Jesuit
25:
4404:
4368:Members of the Académie Française
2709:Pierre-Laurent Buirette de Belloy
2538:
2276:, CCEL.org. Accessed 8 June 2024.
2189:(London: Methuen & Co., 1901)
2151:Later Reference by William Godwin
2077:Lives of the ancient philosophers
2001:Fénelon, "Socrate et Alcibiade",
1953:, condemning Quesnel's opinions.
4328:17th-century French male writers
4280:
4268:
4256:
4244:
4217:
2561:
2027:Racel, Masako N. Thesis (2011).
1739:, a lucrative post worth 14,000
1589:Treatise on the Existence of God
1475:Traité de l'éducation des filles
1450:Early years as a priest, 1675–85
1360:Childhood and education, 1651–75
1269:
1257:
265:
257:
249:
224:
4393:French male non-fiction writers
3175:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
2481:. Paris; Éditions Perrin, 2008.
2436:
2389:
2005:(1718), quoted in Paul Hazard,
4348:18th-century Christian mystics
4338:17th-century Christian mystics
2888:History of the Catholic Church
2749:Louis Mathieu Molé, Count Molé
2398:, "The spirit of nations," in
2376:
2364:
2322:
2313:
2249:
2236:
2223:
1869:
1556:, a work in which he attacked
13:
1:
4323:17th-century French novelists
3537:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
2934:History of Christian theology
2613:Catholic Encyclopedia article
2231:Dictionnaire de Spiritualité,
2216:
2212:- half brother and missionary
1906:War of the Spanish Succession
1770:Quietist controversy, 1697–99
2865:History of Catholic theology
2669:Honorat de Porchères Laugier
2169:
2047:The Adventures of Telemachus
2007:The European Mind, 1680-1715
1980:The European Mind, 1680-1715
1863:The Adventures of Telemachus
1652:The Adventures of Telemachus
1349:The Adventures of Telemachus
7:
2560:(public domain audiobooks)
2244:Fénelon: Selected Writings.
2193:
10:
4409:
4378:University of Paris alumni
3963:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
3953:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
3238:Transubstantiation dispute
2143:Tozer cherished Fénelon's
2100:The Royal Way of the Cross
1647:Les Aventures de Télémaque
1540:Important friends, 1687–89
1433:Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice
1327:), more commonly known as
312:Principle of Double Effect
36:
29:
4212:
4131:
3940:
3799:
3669:
3545:
3424:
3281:
3188:
3048:
2942:
2880:
2871:
2741:Hyacinthe Louis de Quélen
2733:Louis François de Bausset
2663:
2588:Works by François Fénelon
2569:Works by François Fénelon
2554:Works by François Fénelon
2545:Works by François Fénelon
2515:Northcote, Stafford Henry
2242:Chad Helms, ed. and tr.,
2229:Louis Cognet, "Fénelon,"
1861:However, that same year,
207:
203:Theologian, writer, tutor
199:
182:
157:
152:
144:
139:Jacques-Théodore de Bryas
134:
126:
118:
108:
98:
88:
73:
66:
46:
4363:French religious writers
3877:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
3070:Athanasius of Alexandria
2962:First Epistle of Clement
2477:Sabine Melchior-Bonnet,
2333:Adventures of Telemachus
2274:François Fénelon profile
2052:doi:10.3931/e-rara-79368
2039:
32:Fénelon (disambiguation)
3988:Dietrich von Hildebrand
3852:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
3726:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
3706:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
3248:Paulinus II of Aquileia
3243:Predestination disputes
2530:Encyclopædia Britannica
2446:. Bethany House. 2011.
1881:of François Fénelon in
1847:formally condemned the
1502:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
428:Theological determinism
4373:Archbishops of Cambrai
4353:Roman Catholic mystics
4224:Catholicism portal
4073:Hans Urs von Balthasar
3872:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
3812:Félicité de La Mennais
3491:The Cloud of Unknowing
2992:The Shepherd of Hermas
2725:Dominique Joseph Garat
2474:. Gale Research, 1998.
2054:(Digitized Edition at
2037:
2012:
1989:universal human rights
1985:
1915:
1889:
1615:
1264:Catholicism portal
616:Gregory (of Nazianzus)
480:Christian Neoplatonism
4388:French male novelists
3998:Marie-Dominique Chenu
3917:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
3902:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
3786:Clement Mary Hofbauer
3781:Johann Michael Sailer
3208:Maximus the Confessor
2900:History of the papacy
2373:(Paris Fayard, 1998).
2255:Cardinal de Bausset,
2106:Maxims of the Mystics
2070:Dialogues of the dead
2016:
1993:
1971:
1910:
1877:
1779:Paul Godet des Marais
1764:Archbishop of Cambrai
1613:
1585:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
1471:Nouvelles-Catholiques
1423:, who later became a
1276:Philosophy portal
113:Old Cambrai Cathedral
68:Archbishop of Cambrai
4313:People from Dordogne
4174:Raniero Cantalamessa
4144:Alice von Hildebrand
4093:Edward Schillebeeckx
3771:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
3656:Lawrence of Brindisi
3586:Francisco de Vitoria
3376:Beatrice of Nazareth
3351:Hugh of Saint Victor
3331:Bernard of Clairvaux
3311:Anselm of Canterbury
3273:John Scotus Eriugena
3268:Paschasius Radbertus
3115:Gregory of Nazianzus
3009:Epistle to Diognetus
2797:Joseph de Pesquidoux
2382:Winterer, Caroline.
2145:Christian Perfection
2089:The Existence of God
2083:Christian Perfection
1831:Maxims of the Saints
1709:(1781). Scenes from
1606:Royal tutor, 1689–97
512:Second scholasticism
4149:Carlo Maria Martini
4113:Johann Baptist Metz
4083:Frederick Copleston
3907:Friedrich von Hügel
3867:Joseph Hergenröther
3847:Gaetano Sanseverino
3827:Ignaz von Döllinger
3751:Nicolas Malebranche
3591:Thomas of Villanova
3552:Counter-Reformation
3532:Girolamo Savonarola
3346:Hildegard of Bingen
3155:Cyril of Alexandria
2998:Aristides of Athens
2985:Epistle of Barnabas
2974:Ignatius of Antioch
2912:Ecumenical councils
2693:Claude Gros de Boze
2609:Librivox free audio
2205:Christian mysticism
2187:François de Fénelon
2175:H. L. Sidney Lear,
2009:(1967), pp. 282–83.
1639:Dialogues des Morts
1577:Duc de Beauvilliers
1558:Nicolas Malebranche
1467:Archbishop of Paris
1429:Archbishop of Paris
1421:Antoine de Noailles
342:Liberation Theology
243:Catholic philosophy
51:, The Most Reverend
4164:Alasdair MacIntyre
4043:Nouvelle théologie
3932:Thérèse of Lisieux
3776:Alfonso Muzzarelli
3716:Jean-Jacques Olier
3686:Tommaso Campanella
3601:Francisco de Osuna
3596:Ignatius of Loyola
3465:Catherine of Siena
3361:Robert Grosseteste
3258:Benedict of Aniane
3198:Isidore of Seville
3140:Augustine of Hippo
3105:Cyril of Jerusalem
3100:Hilary of Poitiers
2654:Académie française
2286:Ltd, D.K. (2012).
2003:Dialogue des Morts
1890:
1849:Maximes des Saints
1838:Maximes des Saints
1783:Bishop of Chartres
1730:Académie française
1654:was a novel about
1616:
1409:Collège du Plessis
1401:Jean-Jacques Olier
1385:Château de Fénelon
1366:Château de Fénelon
621:Gregory (of Nyssa)
349:Christian Humanism
214:Collège du Plessis
4383:French male poets
4232:
4231:
4159:Gustavo Gutiérrez
4154:Pope Benedict XVI
4139:Pope John Paul II
4038:Josemaría Escrivá
4028:Henri Daniel-Rops
3912:Vladimir Solovyov
3892:Neo-scholasticism
3832:John Henry Newman
3766:Louis de Montfort
3761:Alphonsus Liguori
3756:Giambattista Vico
3691:Pierre de Bérulle
3677:French Revolution
3646:Robert Bellarmine
3626:John of the Cross
3512:Julian of Norwich
3470:Bridget of Sweden
3460:John of Ruusbroec
3450:William of Ockham
3366:Francis of Assisi
3356:Dominic de Guzmán
3326:Decretum Gratiani
3301:Berengar of Tours
3190:Early Middle Ages
3160:Peter Chrysologus
3110:Basil of Caesarea
3095:Ephrem the Syrian
3035:Antipope Novatian
2831:
2830:
2789:Jacques Bainville
2549:Project Gutenberg
2396:Sylvana Tomaselli
1987:Fénelon defended
1923:Cas de Conscience
1892:As Archbishop of
1795:Miguel de Molinos
1667:absolute monarchy
1354:Sulpician Fathers
1313:
1312:
1246:
1245:
1131:Garrigou-Lagrange
440:Divine Attributes
219:
218:
16:(Redirected from
4400:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4249:
4248:
4240:
4222:
4221:
4063:Emmanuel Mounier
4058:Bernard Lonergan
3983:Georges Bernanos
3968:Jacques Maritain
3948:G. K. Chesterton
3837:Henri Lacordaire
3736:Cornelius Jansen
3731:François Fénelon
3661:Francis de Sales
3651:Francisco Suárez
3522:Nicholas of Cusa
3406:Siger of Brabant
3391:Boetius of Dacia
3371:Anthony of Padua
3316:Joachim of Fiore
3296:Gregory of Narek
3283:High Middle Ages
3228:John of Damascus
3120:Gregory of Nyssa
2858:
2851:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2805:Maurice Genevoix
2800:
2792:
2784:
2781:Raymond Poincaré
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2672:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2624:
2623:
2583:Internet Archive
2565:
2564:
2534:
2522:
2458:
2457:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2411:
2393:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2260:
2253:
2247:
2240:
2234:
2227:
2035:
2034:
2010:
1983:
1937:Pasquier Quesnel
1927:Cornelius Jansen
1803:Pope Innocent XI
1748:Mme de Maintenon
1624:Duke of Burgundy
1581:Duc de Chevreuse
1522:Louis Bourdaloue
1411:in Paris, whose
1329:François Fénelon
1326:
1321:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1261:
651:John of Damascus
559:
558:
389:Moderate realism
297:Cardinal virtues
269:
268:
264:
261:
260:
256:
253:
252:
228:
221:
220:
189:
167:
165:
153:Personal details
78:
55:François Fénelon
44:
43:
21:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4267:
4257:
4255:
4243:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4216:
4208:
4189:Jean-Luc Marion
4127:
4078:Marcel Lefebvre
4003:Romano Guardini
3958:Joseph Maréchal
3936:
3927:Maurice Blondel
3822:Antonio Rosmini
3817:Luigi Taparelli
3795:
3721:Louis Thomassin
3696:Pierre Gassendi
3679:
3675:
3665:
3616:Teresa of Ávila
3554:
3550:
3541:
3527:Marsilio Ficino
3517:Thomas à Kempis
3507:Devotio Moderna
3480:Johannes Tauler
3475:Meister Eckhart
3445:Dante Alighieri
3420:
3386:Albertus Magnus
3277:
3184:
3130:John Chrysostom
3058:
3054:
3044:
2957:Clement of Rome
2938:
2876:
2867:
2862:
2832:
2827:
2819:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2651:
2562:
2541:
2467:
2465:Further reading
2462:
2461:
2454:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2349:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2237:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2196:
2172:
2153:
2129:
2042:
2036:
2023:
2011:
2000:
1984:
1977:
1967:
1945:Pope Clement XI
1872:
1812:Articles d'Issy
1772:
1608:
1542:
1526:Esprit Fléchier
1510:Edict of Nantes
1498:
1452:
1405:Vincent de Paul
1397:ratio studiorum
1362:
1319:
1309:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1065:
885:
877:
876:
875:
695:
687:
686:
685:
565:
556:
546:
545:
453:
445:
444:
374:
364:
363:
337:Social teaching
292:
282:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
191:
187:
178:
169:
163:
161:
84:
62:
57:
56:
53:
52:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4406:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4290:
4289:
4277:
4265:
4253:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4018:Henri de Lubac
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3993:Gabriel Marcel
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3973:Étienne Gilson
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3922:George Tyrrell
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3882:Émile Boutroux
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3862:Giuseppe Pecci
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3711:António Vieira
3708:
3703:
3701:René Descartes
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3672:Baroque period
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3636:Luis de Molina
3633:
3631:Peter Canisius
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:Francis Xavier
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3566:Thomas Cajetan
3563:
3557:
3555:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3497:Heinrich Seuse
3494:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3401:Thomas Aquinas
3398:
3396:Henry of Ghent
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Anselm of Laon
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3263:Rabanus Maurus
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3180:Pope Gregory I
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3056:Pope Gregory I
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2927:Biblical canon
2924:
2917:Catholic Bible
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:François Cheng
2817:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2677:Paul Pellisson
2673:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2602:
2598:Avis Chretiens
2594:
2585:
2576:
2566:
2551:
2540:
2539:External links
2537:
2536:
2535:
2525:Chisholm, Hugh
2511:
2508:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2484:Peter Gorday,
2482:
2475:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2453:978-0830759224
2452:
2435:
2412:
2388:
2375:
2363:
2321:
2312:
2298:
2278:
2261:
2248:
2235:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2179:(London, 1877)
2171:
2168:
2156:William Godwin
2152:
2149:
2128:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2113:The Inner Life
2109:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2041:
2038:
2021:
1998:
1975:
1966:
1963:
1871:
1868:
1771:
1768:
1690:Life of Sethos
1685:Jean Terrasson
1631:King of France
1607:
1604:
1541:
1538:
1497:
1494:
1451:
1448:
1370:Sainte-Mondane
1361:
1358:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1266:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
887:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
874:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
684:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
567:
566:
563:
562:
557:
552:
551:
548:
547:
544:
543:
542:
541:
536:
526:
521:
520:
519:
514:
504:
499:
494:
489:
488:
487:
485:Friends of God
477:
472:
467:
466:
465:
458:Augustinianism
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
437:
436:
435:
430:
423:Predestination
420:
415:
410:
396:
391:
386:
381:
375:
370:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
359:Works of mercy
356:
351:
346:
345:
344:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
293:
288:
287:
284:
283:
270:
246:
245:
239:
238:
230:
229:
217:
216:
211:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
190:(aged 63)
186:7 January 1715
184:
180:
179:
172:Sainte-Mondane
170:
159:
155:
154:
150:
149:
148:Jean d'Estrées
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
130:7 January 1715
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
93:Roman Catholic
90:
86:
85:
79:
71:
70:
64:
63:
58:
54:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4405:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4199:Aidan Nichols
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4179:Michał Heller
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:Walter Kasper
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:Thomas Merton
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:Jean Daniélou
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Joseph Görres
3805:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3791:Bruno Lanteri
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3746:Blaise Pascal
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:John of Ávila
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3485:Walter Hilton
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3455:Richard Rolle
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3336:Peter Lombard
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:Peter Abelard
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Monothelitism
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:John Climacus
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:Monophysitism
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3003:Justin Martyr
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2905:Papal primacy
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2847:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2773:Émile Gebhart
2770:
2766:
2765:Octave Gréard
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2404:Robert Wokler
2401:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2353:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2301:
2299:9781409384373
2295:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2258:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2031:
2020:
2015:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1978:Paul Hazard,
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:'s 1713 bull
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1587:. He wrote a
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:Protestantism
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
936:Chateaubriand
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
881:
880:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:Gundissalinus
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
691:
690:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
561:
560:
555:
550:
549:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
530:
527:
525:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
508:
507:Scholasticism
505:
503:
500:
498:
497:Ressourcement
495:
493:
490:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
464:
461:
460:
459:
456:
455:
449:
448:
441:
438:
434:
433:Compatibilism
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
408:
404:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
379:Conceptualism
377:
376:
373:
368:
367:
360:
357:
355:
354:Virtue ethics
352:
350:
347:
343:
340:
339:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
294:
291:
286:
285:
281:
277:
273:
248:
247:
244:
241:
240:
236:
232:
231:
227:
223:
222:
215:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:6 August 1651
160:
156:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
82:Joseph Vivien
77:
72:
69:
65:
61:
50:
45:
40:
33:
19:
4358:French poets
4275:Christianity
4184:Peter Kreeft
4132:21st century
4123:Henri Nouwen
4033:Jean Guitton
4013:Fulton Sheen
3941:20th century
3842:Jaime Balmes
3800:19th century
3730:
3621:Luis de León
3502:Geert Groote
3489:
3306:Peter Damian
3145:John Cassian
3085:Nestorianism
3007:
2990:
2983:
2966:
2944:Early Church
2684:
2605:
2596:
2592:Open Library
2528:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2443:
2438:
2407:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2341:. Retrieved
2332:
2324:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2288:
2281:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2200:Human rights
2186:
2176:
2163:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2045:
2029:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1940:
1930:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1891:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1853:Innocent XII
1851:, with Pope
1848:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1776:
1773:
1761:
1745:
1737:Saint-Valery
1734:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1694:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1670:
1664:divine right
1651:
1645:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1617:
1593:
1588:
1574:
1560:'s views on
1553:
1543:
1530:
1508:revoked the
1499:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1453:
1396:
1382:
1363:
1347:
1328:
1315:
1314:
1176:John Paul II
1101:Benedict XVI
1074:Contemporary
955:
554:Philosophers
475:Cartesianism
418:Quinque Viae
188:(1715-01-07)
80:Portrait by
4308:1715 deaths
4303:1651 births
4194:Tomáš Halík
4118:Jean Vanier
4103:René Girard
4088:Alfred Delp
4053:Yves Congar
4048:Karl Rahner
4023:Dorothy Day
4008:Edith Stein
3978:Ronald Knox
3576:John Fisher
3571:Thomas More
3548:Reformation
3440:Duns Scotus
3435:Ramon Llull
3428:and reforms
3416:Roger Bacon
3381:Bonaventure
3291:Roscellinus
3080:Pelagianism
3051:Constantine
2874:Key figures
2400:Mark Goldie
2164:chambermaid
2133:A. W. Tozer
1904:During the
1870:Later years
1845:Inquisition
1696:Magic Flute
1620:the Dauphin
1570:Incarnation
991:Malebranche
851:Roscellinus
796:Grosseteste
756:Bonaventure
576:Athenagoras
372:Metaphysics
332:Personalism
327:Natural law
322:Probabilism
135:Predecessor
122:30 May 1695
99:Archdiocese
4297:Categories
4204:Scott Hahn
3581:Johann Eck
3233:Iconoclasm
3165:Pope Leo I
3025:Tertullian
2573:Faded Page
2343:2019-03-11
2217:References
2125:Inner Life
2123:Fénelon's
1950:Unigenitus
1932:Augustinus
1752:morganatic
1722:Telemachus
1703:'s opera,
1660:Telemachus
1568:, and the
1550:Versailles
1393:philosophy
1340:theologian
1336:archbishop
1171:Hildebrand
1111:Chesterton
976:La Mennais
906:Bellarmine
901:Azpilcueta
846:Paschasius
726:Autrecourt
681:Tertullian
641:Chrysostom
581:Athanasius
463:Victorines
394:Nominalism
302:Just price
209:Alma mater
200:Occupation
164:1651-08-06
127:Term ended
4263:Biography
4108:Hans Küng
3897:Léon Bloy
3887:Modernism
3740:Jansenism
3426:Mysticism
3020:Montanism
2352:cite book
2170:Biography
2127:and Tozer
1919:Jansenist
1791:orthodoxy
1757:Saint-Cyr
1711:Télémaque
1687:'s novel
1681:Télémaque
1533:Saintonge
1514:Huguenots
1506:Louis XIV
1486:monastery
1437:Sulpician
1378:Aquitaine
1191:MacIntyre
1151:Gutiérrez
1121:Copleston
1091:Balthasar
946:Descartes
806:Hildegard
791:Gregory I
766:Catherine
716:Alexander
666:Dionysius
586:Augustine
539:Salamanca
413:Haecceity
317:Casuistry
145:Successor
119:Installed
49:His Grace
3640:Molinism
3218:Ecthesis
3170:Boethius
3075:Arianism
3065:Eusebius
3015:Irenaeus
2979:Polycarp
2893:Timeline
2575:(Canada)
2558:LibriVox
2517:(1911).
2406:, eds.,
2194:See also
2022:—
1999:—
1976:—
1913:country.
1898:visiting
1883:Carennac
1801:, which
1799:Quietism
1743:a year.
1706:Idomeneo
1637:and his
1600:Quietism
1579:and the
1566:creation
1562:optimism
1504:. When
1490:Carennac
1456:ordained
1440:seminary
1427:and the
1425:cardinal
1417:Sorbonne
1413:theology
1389:rhetoric
1374:Périgord
1333:Catholic
1206:Maritain
1181:Lonergan
1161:Guardini
1086:Anscombe
1061:Caramuel
971:Krasicki
966:Kołłątaj
921:Brentano
781:Eriugena
746:Berengar
694:Medieval
646:Climacus
626:Irenaeus
596:Boethius
591:Benedict
534:Analytic
502:Occamism
492:Molinism
470:Llullism
399:Quiddity
307:Just war
235:a series
233:Part of
195:, France
4237:Portals
3561:Erasmus
3411:Thomism
3150:Orosius
3125:Ambrose
3040:Cyprian
2968:Didache
2922:Vulgate
2881:General
2657:seat 34
2606:Fenelon
2581:at the
2527:(ed.).
2479:Fénelon
2305:29 July
1894:Cambrai
1787:diocese
1750:(quasi-
1656:Ulysses
1320:French:
1318:, PSS (
1216:Mounier
1211:McLuhan
1166:Haldane
1106:Blondel
1056:Vitoria
1031:Rosmini
1006:Mercado
1001:Meinong
996:Mariana
986:Maistre
981:Liguori
961:Gracián
956:Fénelon
951:Erasmus
931:Cajetan
916:Bossuet
891:Arnauld
871:Thierry
826:Lombard
816:Isidore
776:Eckhart
761:Buridan
751:Bernard
731:Aquinas
701:Abelard
661:Maximus
636:Cassian
606:Cyprian
601:Clement
571:Ambrose
564:Ancient
529:Thomism
524:Scotism
452:Schools
403:essence
384:Realism
272:Aquinas
193:Cambrai
103:Cambrai
18:Fenelon
4287:France
4251:Poetry
3253:Alcuin
3135:Jerome
3030:Origen
2823:(2002)
2815:(1981)
2807:(1946)
2799:(1936)
2791:(1935)
2783:(1909)
2775:(1904)
2767:(1886)
2759:(1856)
2751:(1840)
2743:(1824)
2735:(1816)
2727:(1803)
2719:(1775)
2711:(1771)
2703:(1753)
2695:(1715)
2687:(1693)
2679:(1653)
2671:(1634)
2450:
2296:
2095:Let Go
2056:E-rara
1887:France
1816:prayer
1741:livres
1701:Mozart
1658:' son
1635:Fables
1564:, the
1460:priest
1435:, the
1236:Taylor
1226:Rahner
1221:Pieper
1201:Marion
1196:Marcel
1156:Dávila
1146:Girard
1141:Gilson
1126:Finnis
1116:Congar
1096:Barron
1046:Suárez
1026:Pascal
1021:Newman
1011:Molina
941:Cortés
926:Botero
911:Bonald
884:Modern
866:Symeon
856:Scotus
841:Oresme
836:Ockham
831:Martin
721:Anselm
711:Alcuin
706:Albert
671:Origen
656:Justin
631:Jerome
407:nature
290:Ethics
280:Ockham
278:, and
276:Scotus
263:
255:
176:France
89:Church
2523:. In
2430:(PDF)
2131:Rev.
2040:Works
1546:Bible
1458:as a
1444:Paris
1368:, in
1231:Stein
1186:Lubac
1136:Geach
1081:Adler
1036:Sales
896:Ávila
861:Siger
821:Llull
786:Giles
736:Bacon
611:Cyril
60:P.S.S
3223:Bede
2952:Paul
2448:ISBN
2424:>
2402:and
2358:link
2307:2018
2294:ISBN
1879:Bust
1808:Issy
1524:and
1403:and
1391:and
1344:poet
1051:Vico
1041:Soto
1016:More
811:Hugh
771:Cusa
741:Bede
676:Paul
183:Died
158:Born
2590:at
2571:at
2556:at
2547:at
2338:462
1939:'s
1929:'s
1806:at
1548:at
1488:at
1442:in
1356:.
517:Neo
109:See
4299::
3674:to
3053:to
2415:^
2354:}}
2350:{{
2264:^
2185:,
2058:).
2050:,
1885:,
1797:'
1781:,
1732:.
1641:.
1602:.
1591:.
1528:.
1492:.
1446:.
1376:,
1372:,
1342:,
1338:,
405:/
274:,
237:on
174:,
4239::
3742:)
3738:(
3642:)
3638:(
2857:e
2850:t
2843:v
2646:e
2639:t
2632:v
2507:.
2501:.
2494:.
2456:.
2432:.
2360:)
2346:.
2309:.
1477:(
1304:e
1297:t
1290:v
409:)
401:(
166:)
162:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
