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conducted assassination campaigns and called its assassins "fedai", which originated from "feda," deriving from the first letters of "filiyas elenikis desmos anton" meaning "this is the tie of Greek friendship". However, "feda" also means sacrifice in
Turkish, representing the term's evolution which
315:, inheriting the name of the fighters who actively resisted the Ottoman Empire in the final decades of the nineteenth and early decades of the twentieth centuries. The Fedayeen during this period worked against attempts by the
1277:
535:. The name was chosen to imply a connection with the Palestinian Fedayeen. In July 2003, personnel records for the Fedayeen organization in Iraq were discovered in the basement of the former Fedayeen headquarters in east
1258:
614:
During this time (1948 – c. 1980), the word entered international usage and was frequently used in the Arab media as a synonym for great militancy. In the
Israeli Hebrew press of this time the term (
402:
forces had established numerous military outposts around the canal zone, which many
Egyptians viewed as a violation of their national sovereignty. This opposition was not supported by the
1274:
740:
1255:
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1135:
274:
civilians who voluntarily left their families to form self-defense units in reaction to the mass murder of
Armenians and the pillage of Armenian villages by criminals,
498:
1050:
309:
At the onset of the
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Armenians of Artsakh began forming small detachments of volunteers and often self-described themselves as
334:
935:
547:
occupied the building; after an extensive cataloging process, an operation was conducted in
Baghdad resulting in several individuals being detained.
359:
1296:
878:
486:. Operating between 1971 and 1983, the Fedayeen carried out a number of political assassinations in the course of the struggle against the
316:
680:. Literally, someone who redeems himself by risking or sacrificing his life. The pronunciation varies for the first vowel, for example
607:, these areas, originally destined for a Palestinian state, were under Jordanian and Egyptian occupation, respectively. After Israel's
363:
744:
475:
and enemies of Islam. After several successful assassinations it was suppressed in 1956 and several leading members were executed.
1236:
494:
1132:
917:
861:
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1021:"Which Came First- Terrorism or Occupation - Major Arab Terrorist Attacks against Israelis Prior to the 1967 Six-Day War"
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in 1946 for the purpose of demanding strict application of the sharia and assassinating those it believed to be
75:
826:
649:
53:
482:-leaning activist group known as the Fedayeen (Fedayân in Persian language) was founded in 1971 and based in
544:
438:
932:
910:
Denial of
Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789–2009
82:
1351:
1361:
1199:
222:, which means "sacrifice." It is widely understood as "those willing to sacrifice themselves for God".
639:
581:
151:
term used to refer to various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign.
64:
49:
685:
905:
1293:
814:
42:
1202:, Cambridge, England, 2004, provides the most up-to-date breakdown of the reasons for the flight
1164:
818:
806:
716:
710:
626:. Since the mid-1960s and the rise of more organized and specific militant groups, such as the
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434:
991:
286:
between the 19th and early 20th centuries. Their ultimate goal was to gain
Armenian autonomy (
608:
487:
569:
556:
8:
403:
1211:
Haya Regev, Dr. Avigail Oren, The operations in the 1950s, University of Tel Aviv, 1995
1157:
1115:
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414:
298:) depending on their ideology. Some of the key Fedayi figures also participated in the
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1168:
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437:. They operated secretly and eliminated people who were considered dangerous to the
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in 1955, the
Palestinian fedayeen were incorporated into an Egyptian army unit.
580:
in order to strike military as well as civilian targets in the aftermath of the
532:
413:
In 1951 "mobs of "irregular self-sacrificers, or fedayeen", some "armed by the
399:
333:
The term has also been used to refer to members of the
Armenian militant group
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275:
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1312:
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came to represent those who swore allegiance to CUP. Within the context of
853:
561:
604:
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http://www.yumuktepe.com/kurtulus-savasinda-icel-dort-ve-besinci-bolum/
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630:, the word has fallen out of usage, but not in the historical context.
588:
395:
879:"Armenia After the Crackdown: Old-Time Warriors Ready to Take a Stand"
417:", attacked British military outposts located in the Suez Canal Zone.
623:
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20:
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who would enforce the Central Committee's regime were also known as
31:
1159:
A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism
603:. Prior to Israel's seizure of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the
596:
536:
479:
430:
295:
291:
250:
19:"Fidai" redirects here. For the Palestinian national anthem, see
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565:
A demolished Israeli farmhouse, after a fedayeen attack (1956).
483:
426:
425:
Known by the same name, they operated inside the capital city,
241:
207:
600:
410:
groups held broad support among the general public in Egypt.
302:
that commenced during the same period, upon agreement of the
279:
211:
1227:. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1957. p. 289.
622:) had highly negative connotations and was associated with
449:
Two very different groups used the name Fedayeen in recent
320:
572:
are militants of a nationalist orientation from among the
1148:
954:
Quicksand: America's Pursuit of Power in the Middle East
804:
708:
576:. The fedayeen made efforts to infiltrate territory in
429:, during the last 15–20 years of the armed struggle in
186:, literally meaning: "those who sacrifice themselves".
1196:
The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
993:
A Political and Economic Dictionary of the Middle East
394:, which by then was limited to the region against the
386:
During the 1940s, groups of Egyptian civilians formed
1023:. Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 31 March 2002.
741:"Middle East Glossary - The Israel Project: FEDAYEE"
214:, used the term to refer to his fanatical devotees.
499:
Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1156:
1303:. jafi.org (2005-05-15). Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
1284:. jafi.org (2005-05-15). Retrieved on 2012-05-09.
1256:Which Came First- Terrorism or Occupation – Major
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1343:
782:
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942:KURTULUŞ SAVAŞINDA İÇEL – DÖRT VE BEŞİNCİ BÖLÜM
1098:Aloni, Udi (2011). "Samson the Non-European".
945:
459:has been described as "one of the first real
668:
340:
168:
587:Members of these groups were living in the
329:ethnically cleanse the region of Armenians.
1038:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 171–172.
757:
980:, Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.116
876:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
912:. Oxford University Press. p. 195.
758:Frischauer, Willi (1970). "Chapter II".
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490:, after which the group was suppressed.
249:, wearing his uniform and medals with a
240:
16:Arabic term for irregular militia troops
1048:
1015:
1013:
1344:
1265:. Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
1246:. Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
1188:
1087:. Oxford University Press. p. 92.
1036:The Making of Modern Israel; 1948-1967
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783:Daftary, Farhad; Ali-de-Unzaga, Omar.
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439:struggle to gain Eritrean independence
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543:. At the time of the discovery, the
54:adding citations to reliable sources
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1322:. Adl.org. Retrieved on 2010-09-29.
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1163:. Oxford University Press. p.
996:. Taylor and Francis. p. 165.
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715:. Oxford University Press. p.
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842:Cromer, Gerald, ed. (2017-11-30).
787:. The Institute of Ismaili Studies
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441:, which lasted from 1961 to 1991.
317:Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD)
14:
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990:Seddon, David (11 January 2013).
895:
805:Tony Rea and John Wright (1993).
709:Tony Rea and John Wright (1993).
628:Palestine Liberation Organization
495:Iranian People's Fedâi Guerrillas
300:Iranian Constitutional Revolution
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877:Atanesian, Grigor (2016-08-05).
202:(c. 1050–1124), who founded the
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545:Assyrian Democratic Movement
366:irregular forces, known as:
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392:British occupation of Egypt
282:gangs, Ottoman forces, and
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1294:Fedayeen Attacks 1951–1956
1275:Remembrance Day Background
1200:Cambridge University Press
686:[feˈdæːʔ,feˈdæːʔi]
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147:"self-sacrificers") is an
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809:The Arab-Israeli Conflict
712:The Arab-Israeli Conflict
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341:Ottoman Empire and Turkey
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1357:Arabic words and phrases
1225:A Soldier with the Arabs
978:A Modern History Of Iran
952:Wawro, Geoffrey (2010).
381:
264:Armenian irregular units
1313:The 1956 Sinai Campaign
1049:Shapira, Anita (2012).
815:Oxford University Press
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444:
370:. Those most committed
1155:Byman, Daniel (2011).
1034:Stein, Leslie (2014).
667:Derives from the word
566:
461:Islamic fundamentalist
390:groups to contest the
254:
1133:Four Killed In Ambush
854:10.4324/9781351155564
640:Arab–Israeli conflict
609:Operation Black Arrow
582:1948 Arab–Israeli War
564:
467:". It was founded by
463:organizations in the
244:
183:[fɪdaːʔɪjuːn]
144:[fɪdaːʔɪjiːn]
976:Abrahamian, Ervand,
570:Palestinian fedayeen
557:Palestinian fedayeen
435:Ethiopian government
50:improve this article
1335:Armenian Fedayeen:
845:Insurgent Terrorism
523:group known as the
515:Beginning in 1995,
404:Egyptian government
290:) or independence (
1352:Arab ethnic groups
1318:2007-10-16 at the
1299:2015-07-15 at the
1280:2014-10-24 at the
1261:2018-11-01 at the
1242:2018-08-22 at the
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938:2021-02-24 at the
747:on April 27, 2012.
595:or in neighboring
574:Palestinian people
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415:Muslim Brotherhood
262:also known as the
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204:Order of Assassins
195:Order of Assassins
1362:Islamic terrorism
1221:Glubb, John Bagot
1052:Israel; A History
919:978-0-19-933420-9
906:Göçek, Fatma Müge
863:978-1-351-15556-4
726:978-0-19-917170-5
656:Explanatory notes
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493:In 1979 the
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465:Muslim world
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605:Six-Day War
354:, the term
1346:Categories
1180:14 October
888:2024-02-19
828:019917170X
817:. p.
791:2018-02-05
693:References
678:redemption
645:Mujahideen
589:Gaza Strip
396:Suez Canal
306:leaders.
288:Armenakans
76:newspapers
65:"Fedayeen"
1120:143362550
624:terrorism
616:פַדַאיוּן
593:West Bank
539:near the
473:apostates
372:Unionists
216:Fidāʼīyīn
176:fidā'īyūn
159:The term
155:Etymology
140:fidāʼīyīn
137:فِدائيّين
1316:Archived
1297:Archived
1278:Archived
1259:Archived
1240:Archived
1136:Archived
936:Archived
908:(2015).
634:See also
620:fada'iun
618:
591:and the
408:fedayeen
388:fedayeen
376:fedailer
356:fedailer
312:Fedayeen
296:Hunchaks
292:Dashnaks
272:Armenian
245:General
129:Fedayeen
663:^note A
597:Lebanon
537:Baghdad
480:Marxist
431:Eritrea
421:Eritrea
400:British
280:Kurdish
276:Turkish
270:, were
251:papakha
231:Armenia
171:فدائيون
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