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308:. The Judenrat did not tolerate this, because the Nazis gave them an ultimatum to end the resistance or face extermination. The Judenrat knew that Jews were smuggling weapons into the ghetto and when a Jew was arrested for buying a revolver, they finally gave the FPO an order to withdraw. The Judenrat turned the people against the resistance members by making them seem like selfish enemies who were provoking the Nazis.
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When the Nazis came to liquidate the ghetto in 1943, the members of the FPO again congregated. Gens took control of the liquidation so as to rid the ghetto of the
Germans, but helped fill the quota of Jews with those who would fight but were not necessarily part of the resistance. The FPO fled to the
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emphasized the people's responsibility for one another. He said that resistance was sacrificing the good of the community. In the end, the people confronted the resistance and demanded their own right to live. The resistance would not fire on the other Jews and they were eventually disarmed and
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Fania
Brantsovsky, 22 May 1922 - 22 September 2024 (aged 102), was the last known surviving member of the Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye. Remaining in Lithuania after the war, she served as the Vilnius
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Institute's librarian, and a beloved teacher there, lifelong advocate for the memory and legacy of the culture and heritage of the once illustrious Jewish
Lithuanian community.
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in August 1942. Unlike in other ghettos – where the underground resistance was coordinated to some extent with the officials of the local Jewish establishment – Vilna's
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The goals of the FPO were to establish self-defense in the ghetto, to sabotage German industrial and military activities and to join the partisan and
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This was the first Jewish resistance organization established in the ghettos of Nazi-occupied Europe in World War II, followed by
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https://www.jta.org/2024/09/23/obituaries/fania-brantsovsky-vilna-ghetto-survivor-and-partisan-resistance-fighter-dies-at-101
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The FPO did not succeed in its mission. In early 1943, the
Germans caught a resistance member in the forest. The
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organized an uprising. The FPO was able to rescue
Wittenberg through an armed struggle and then set up a small
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Rozka
Korczak & Abba Kovner with members of the United Partisan Organization (FPO)
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Chronicles of the Vilna Ghetto: wartime photographs & documents – vilnaghetto.com
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The FPO was formed on
January 21, 1942, in the Vilna Ghetto. It took on the motto:
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Shoah
Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies.
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Documentary film project on the former FPO partisan Fania
Brancovskaya
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The
Jerusalem of Lithuania: The Story of the Jewish Community of Vilna
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Jewish resistance organisation in Vilna Ghetto during World War II
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that organized armed resistance against the Nazis during
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The Fall of a Sparrow: The Life and Times of Abba Kovner
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Military units and formations of Poland in World War II
130:(back row, centre) with members of the FPO in Vilna
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
185:. The clandestine organisation was established by
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511:The Righteous among the Nations: Anna Borkowska.
1260:List of Lithuanian Righteous Among the Nations
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584:Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews 1933–1949
477:(Palo Alto, Stanford University Press, 2009).
276:, sheltered from the Nazis by Mother Superior
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373:List of last surviving World War II veterans
605:Undigested Past: The Holocaust in Lithuania
428:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1998. P. 104-105
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692:Partisan Rachel Rudnitzky After Liberation
540:. New York City: Routledge. p. 152.
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147:פֿאַראײניקטע פּאַרטיזאַנער אָרגאַניזאַציע
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
534:Rozett, Robert; Spector, Shmuel (2013).
504:
122:
1250:Occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany
641:vol. 2, pp. 470–472. Illustration.
608:, Rodopi, Robert van Voren, pp. 102–104
499:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
495:Oral history interview with Nusia Dlugi
426:Resistance. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
358:History of the Jews during World War II
321:units. FPO members participated in the
1311:Jewish resistance during the Holocaust
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1090:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police battalions
317:forest, where most were able to reach
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325:led by the Soviet army in July 1944.
193:partisans. Their leaders were writer
449:Museum of the History of Polish Jews
414:United Partisan Organization, Vilna.
60:"Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye"
49:adding citations to reliable sources
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215:"We will not allow them to take us
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652:The Underground Movements in Vilna
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439:"Łachwa Jewish community. History"
302:Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye
137:Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye
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1126:Fareinigte Partizaner Organizacje
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537:The Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
368:Jewish resistance under Nazi rule
278:Anna Borkowska (Sister Bertranda)
268:, stationed at a Polish Catholic
1255:History of the Jews in Lithuania
682:Jewish Partisan Group Near Vilna
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388:Shtil, di nakht iz oysgeshternt
313:arrested on September 1, 1943.
169:by its Yiddish initials) was a
162:Jungtinė Partizanų Organizacija
36:needs additional citations for
638:Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust
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378:Resistance during World War II
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1336:Yiddish culture in Lithuania
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260:’s fight against the Nazis.
153:United Partisan Organization
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774:Related articles by country
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217:like sheep to the slaughter
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1316:The Holocaust in Lithuania
1095:Lithuanian Security Police
753:The Holocaust in Lithuania
591:, Pan Books, pp. 637–638,
237:, Communists/Marxists and
173:organization based in the
1301:Jewish Lithuanian history
1286:Anti-Zionism in Lithuania
1265:Songs of the Vilna Ghetto
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516:October 30, 2018, at the
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1197:Kailis forced labor camp
1166:Ninth Fort November 1941
658:an online exhibition by
209:Establishment of the FPO
1296:Vilnius in World War II
904:Franz Walter Stahlecker
1161:Kaunas 29 October 1941
675:June 18, 2006, at the
284:Crushing of the revolt
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1326:Generalbezirk Litauen
1306:Jewish Polish history
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1341:Zionism in Lithuania
1028:Bronislovas Paukštys
947:Shmerke Kaczerginski
864:Aleksandras Lileikis
235:Revisionist Zionists
45:improve this article
1100:Rollkommando Hamann
899:Rudolf Joachim Seck
670:About the Holocaust
566:Not My Last Journey
241:. It was headed by
1217:Marcinkonys Ghetto
1023:Petronėlė Lastienė
987:Yitzhak Wittenberg
982:Elchonon Wasserman
894:Adrian von Renteln
859:Algirdas Klimaitis
834:Algimantas Dailidė
702:Partisans of Vilna
697:Partisans in Vilna
573:, 2017, pp. 85–86.
243:Yitzhak Wittenberg
231:Socialist Zionists
223:Łachwa underground
203:Yitzhak Wittenberg
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1110:Ypatingasis būrys
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977:Abraham Sutzkever
952:Zelig Kalmanovich
825:Perpetrators and
547:978-1-57958-307-1
501:Collection, 1996.
323:Vilnius Offensive
274:Dominican Sisters
262:Abe (Abba) Kovner
171:Jewish resistance
165:; referred to as
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101:December 2023
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62: –
61:
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56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1331:Vilna Ghetto
1237:Vilna Ghetto
1207:Kovno Ghetto
1151:Jäger Report
1125:
1078:Perpetrators
1048:Anton Schmid
1013:Kazys Binkis
942:Jay M. Ipson
927:Chaim Yellin
909:Martin Weiss
889:Helmut Rauca
854:Bruno Kittel
764:Main article
636:
633:Yitzhak Arad
613:
604:
599:
582:
578:
564:
556:
536:
529:
520:
506:
490:
485:. pp. 76=105
474:
473:Dina Porat,
469:
457:. Retrieved
453:the original
442:
433:
420:
383:Vilna Ghetto
348:Anti-fascism
332:
315:
301:
294:Nazi Germany
287:
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183:World War II
175:Vilna Ghetto
166:
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98:
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1043:Ona Šimaitė
1033:Karl Plagge
967:Abba Kovner
918:Victims and
884:Mike Pasker
874:Franz Murer
593:Read online
251:Abba Kovner
195:Abba Kovner
128:Abba Kovner
1280:Categories
1222:Ninth Fort
1119:Resistance
920:resistance
849:Karl Jäger
660:Yad Vashem
522:Yad Vashem
410:Yad Vashem
394:References
310:Jacob Gens
227:Jacob Gens
157:Lithuanian
71:newspapers
329:Survivors
187:communist
179:Lithuania
1006:Rescuers
804:Slovakia
673:Archived
514:Archived
342:See also
290:Judenrat
258:Red Army
239:Bundists
809:Ukraine
784:Estonia
779:Belarus
459:May 26,
336:Yiddish
306:militia
298:Gestapo
270:convent
191:Zionist
149:
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1185:Places
1171:Ponary
1144:Events
1071:Groups
818:People
799:Russia
794:Poland
789:Latvia
544:
481:
300:. The
249:, and
87:
80:
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654:from
92:JSTOR
78:books
542:ISBN
479:ISBN
461:2012
201:and
189:and
134:The
64:news
177:in
167:FPO
155:";
151:; "
47:by
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447:.
441:.
402:^
253:.
245:,
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89:·
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