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The initial success or otherwise of executive agencies was examined in the Sir Angus Fraser's Fraser Report of 1991. Its main goal was to identify what good practices had emerged from the new model and spread them to other agencies and departments. The report also recommended further powers be
2710:
governments. During these the agency model became the standard model for delivering public services in the United
Kingdom. By 1997, 76% of civil servants were employed by an agency. The new Labour government in its first such report – the
3214:
490:
475:
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is a part of a government department that is treated as managerially and budgetarily separate, to carry out some part of the executive functions of the
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2596:"), each of which enjoy legal and constitutional separation from ministerial control. The model has been applied in several other countries.
2841:
2723:. Since 1988 agencies have transformed the landscape of government and the responsive and effectiveness of services delivered by Government."
2617:
2352:
2054:
1434:
950:
870:
286:
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2407:
2102:
2029:
1998:
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865:
2715:– endorsed the model introduced by its predecessor. A later review (in 2002, linked below) made two central conclusions (their emphasis):
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32:
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2144:
2072:
1643:
1625:
725:
628:
480:
427:
3031:
In Canada, executive agencies were adopted on a limited basis under the name "special operating agencies." One example is the
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2137:
2107:
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1806:
1726:
1015:
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1005:
1000:
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835:
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815:
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795:
790:
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745:
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735:
730:
548:
281:
2873:
2868:
2787:
2609:
2314:
2279:
2274:
2234:
2219:
2209:
2192:
2187:
2182:
1459:
525:
247:
217:
188:
48:
3109:
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2197:
1786:
516:
351:
58:
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The latter point is usually made more forcefully by critics of the government, describing agencies as "unaccountable
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3000:
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1958:
1671:
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1503:
1301:
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128:
115:
40:
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3207:" published by The Prime Minister's Office of Public Services Reform. Contains a list of agencies. (
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161:
133:
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3183:. HOW OTTAWA SPENDS, G. Swimmer, ed., pp. 171-203 Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1996
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Executive agencies were also established in
Australia, Jamaica, Japan and Tanzania.
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2020:
2012:
1991:
1975:
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examining governmental delivery were published throughout the 1990s, under both
2449:
1969:
1664:
1557:
1553:
397:
2616:, ranges from a few million pounds for the smallest agencies to ÂŁ700m for the
2584:. Executive agencies are "machinery of government" devices distinct both from
3223:
448:
405:
315:
2731:
The gulf between policy and delivery is considered by most to have widened."
3164:. Public Administration Review, Vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 465-478, December 1997.
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2729:
Some agencies have, however, become disconnected from their departments ...
2005:
1708:
1486:
413:
294:
3205:
Better
Government Services – Executive agencies in the 21st century
3179:
Public Works and
Government Services: Beautiful Theory Meets Ugly Reality
2912:
2699:
2613:
1894:
1353:
510:
461:
389:
223:
140:
65:
2967:
2846:
1986:
1771:
1336:
435:
3198:
Economic
Research Council online database of all UK Quangos 1998-2006
3028:
imported the model under the name "performance-based organizations."
2803:
1980:
1598:
1513:
373:
2830:
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3177:
3159:
2495:
1941:
1866:
1861:
1447:
2620:. Virtually all government departments have at least one agency.
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1947:
1289:
2906:
2736:
2593:
2382:
1582:
2508:
1521:
2388:
Post-Brexit United
Kingdom relations with the European Union
2439:
1872:
3203:
2002 Government report into the agencies model entitled "
2815:
Centre for
Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science
2444:
3161:
3021:
Several other countries have an executive agency model.
702:
Scottish
Parliament constituencies and electoral regions
2889:
2968:
Ministry of
Housing, Communities and Local Government
692:
Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000
3077:
Independent agencies of the United States government
2764:
3245:
Executive agencies of the United Kingdom government
2896:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
2804:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
2612:. The annual budget for each agency, allocated by
2604:Agencies include well-known organisations such as
681:2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies
3108:. Cabinet Office. 28 October 2009. Archived from
2831:Department for Science, Innovation and Technology
1272:Intergovernmental relations in the United Kingdom
3221:
697:Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
2695:devolved from ministers to chief executives.
2545:
3067:Departments of the United Kingdom Government
2907:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
2103:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
2030:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1999:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
3082:United States federal executive departments
2857:
2781:
2662:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
707:Senedd constituencies and electoral regions
21:Executive agency of the European Commission
2552:
2538:
1650:Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties
1588:Measure of the National Assembly for Wales
2952:Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
2682:Learn how and when to remove this message
1026:European Parliament elections (1979–2019)
2991:Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority
3222:
3037:Public Services and Procurement Canada
2984:
2940:
2586:non-ministerial government departments
2073:Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute
2742:
2623:
2418:United Kingdom and the United Nations
2063:British Overseas Territories Act 2002
2979:Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre
2890:Department of Health and Social Care
2660:adding citations to reliable sources
2627:
2138:British National (Overseas) passport
2083:Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute
2045:British Overseas Territories citizen
1539:2011 referendum on law-making powers
1435:Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly
2874:Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency
2869:Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency
2788:Education and Skills Funding Agency
2721:The agency model has been a success
2610:Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency
1132:Northern Ireland Assembly elections
189:Republicanism in the United Kingdom
13:
3120:– via The National Archives.
3016:
2930:National Infrastructure Commission
16:Part of a UK government department
14:
3256:
3191:
2765:Department for Business and Trade
2747:
2599:
1317:Greater London Authority Act 1999
3230:Government of the United Kingdom
3215:Civil Service (archived in 2008)
2925:Government Internal Audit Agency
2825:Veterinary Medicines Directorate
2632:
2507:
2494:
2476:
2461:
532:
434:
404:
372:
246:
216:
145:
120:
47:
3001:HM Prison and Probation Service
2996:HM Courts and Tribunals Service
2423:United Nations Security Council
103:Other constitutional principles
3167:
3149:
3124:
3094:
2918:
2879:Maritime and Coastguard Agency
2810:Animal and Plant Health Agency
2590:non-departmental public bodies
1959:British Indian Ocean Territory
1504:Act of the Scottish Parliament
1302:English votes for English laws
1282:Council of Nations and Regions
41:Politics of the United Kingdom
1:
3087:
3011:Office of the Public Guardian
2947:Defence Equipment and Support
2078:Gibraltar sovereignty dispute
1509:Scottish statutory instrument
1084:Scottish Parliament elections
570:Justices of the Supreme Court
3072:Non-departmental public body
3062:Government-owned corporation
3057:Agency of the European Union
2884:Vehicle Certification Agency
2842:Intellectual Property Office
2793:Standards and Testing Agency
2606:His Majesty's Prison Service
2343:politics of Northern Ireland
1545:Government of Wales Act 1998
677:UK Parliament constituencies
7:
3045:
1953:British Antarctic Territory
1277:Legislative consent motions
419:The Lord McFall of Alcluith
10:
3261:
3024:In the United States, the
2798:Teaching Regulation Agency
2759:Government Property Agency
2582:Northern Ireland Executive
2393:UK–EU withdrawal agreement
18:
2957:Submarine Delivery Agency
2935:UK Debt Management Office
2901:UK Health Security Agency
2570:United Kingdom government
2468:United Kingdom portal
2358:Northern Ireland Protocol
1697:Non-metropolitan District
1386:Northern Ireland Act 1998
636:Monetary Policy Committee
88:Parliamentary sovereignty
2858:Department for Transport
2782:Department for Education
2754:Crown Commercial Service
2698:A series of reports and
2036:Turks and Caicos Islands
1307:Greater London Authority
457:Leader of the Opposition
162:William, Prince of Wales
31:This article is part of
3235:Government institutions
1782:Community council areas
1660:Non-metropolitan county
1440:Law of Northern Ireland
3026:Clinton administration
2962:UK Hydrographic Office
2733:
2725:
2713:1998 Next Steps Report
2121:Diplomatic missions of
1965:British Virgin Islands
3240:Political terminology
3132:"Building Digital UK"
2974:Planning Inspectorate
2864:Active Travel England
2820:Rural Payments Agency
2726:
2717:
2363:British–Irish Council
2348:Good Friday Agreement
2160:Free trade agreements
2125:in the United Kingdom
1936:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
1852:Bailiwick of Guernsey
1412:deputy First Minister
1297:Governance of England
308:Deputy Prime Minister
3102:"Executive Agencies"
2656:improve this section
1927:Overseas Territories
1692:Metropolitan Borough
1418:Emma Little-Pengelly
1359:Combined authorities
717:UK general elections
184:Counsellors of State
98:Separation of powers
19:For other uses, see
2985:Ministry of Justice
2941:Ministry of Defence
2837:Building Digital UK
2574:Scottish Government
2150:UK–CD Customs Union
1914:UK-CD Customs Union
1885:Bailiwick of Jersey
1672:Unitary authorities
1655:Metropolitan county
1640:Ceremonial counties
1594:Act of Senedd Cymru
1499:Scottish Parliament
1455:Scottish devolution
3200:, archived in 2007
3033:Translation Bureau
2776:Insolvency Service
2743:List by department
2624:Issues and reports
1909:Common Travel Area
1845:Crown Dependencies
1812:Preserved counties
1792:Shires of Scotland
368:King-in-Parliament
3174:Roberts, Alasdair
3156:Roberts, Alasdair
3112:on 6 October 2007
2692:
2691:
2684:
2562:
2561:
2353:UK–Ireland border
2145:Visa requirements
2096:Foreign relations
2050:Visa requirements
2024:
2015:
2008:
1832:Historic counties
1719:Historic counties
1465:Scotland Act 1998
687:Political parties
584:England and Wales
517:King-on-the-Bench
449:Sir Lindsay Hoyle
84:
3252:
3185:
3171:
3165:
3153:
3147:
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3006:Legal Aid Agency
2687:
2680:
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2578:Welsh Government
2566:executive agency
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2503:
2499:
2498:
2488:Northern Ireland
2481:
2480:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2403:The Commonwealth
2032:
2021:Tristan da Cunha
2019:
2013:Ascension Island
2011:
2003:
2001:
1992:Pitcairn Islands
1976:Falkland Islands
1938:
1875:
1727:Northern Ireland
1529:Welsh devolution
1404:Michelle O'Neill
1379:Northern Ireland
1369:Cornwall Council
1185:Senedd elections
629:Deputy governors
594:Northern Ireland
556:Deputy President
536:
438:
428:House of Commons
408:
376:
269:Starmer ministry
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3017:Other countries
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2018:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1985:
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1946:
1934:
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1918:
1904:British Islands
1900:
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1460:1997 referendum
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1349:London Assembly
1344:Mayoral cabinet
1331:Mayor of London
1319:
1312:1998 referendum
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476:59th Parliament
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76:Treaty of Union
61:
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3192:External links
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1970:Cayman Islands
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2055:Visa policies
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2026:
2022:
2017:
2014:
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1777:Council areas
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360:UK Parliament
357:
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316:Angela Rayner
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155:Heir apparent
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81:Acts of Union
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39:
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3139:. Retrieved
3135:
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3114:. Retrieved
3110:the original
3105:
3096:
3052:Trading fund
3041:
3030:
3023:
3020:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2704:Conservative
2700:white papers
2697:
2693:
2678:
2672:October 2022
2669:
2654:Please help
2642:
2603:
2565:
2563:
2300:South Africa
2285:Saudi Arabia
2006:Saint Helena
1798:
1768:Subdivisions
1754:
1739:Subdivisions
1725:
1631:Subdivisions
1617:
1563:
1520:
1487:John Swinney
1479:
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1364:Metro mayors
1329:
1288:
1232:
1228:
1184:
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1021:
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414:Lord Speaker
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295:Keir Starmer
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169:Royal family
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127:
59:Constitution
25:
3116:13 November
2919:HM Treasury
2913:Wilton Park
2614:HM Treasury
2270:New Zealand
2265:Netherlands
2155:Visa policy
2133:UK passport
1895:Isle of Man
1822:Communities
1772:Sheriffdoms
1590:(1999–2011)
1354:London Plan
670:referendums
511:Charles III
491:List of MPs
462:Rishi Sunak
390:Charles III
352:Legislature
329:Departments
224:Charles III
179:Prerogative
141:Charles III
129:The Monarch
93:Rule of law
66:Magna Carta
3224:Categories
3088:References
2847:Met Office
1987:Montserrat
1578:Government
1494:Government
1337:Sadiq Khan
1265:Devolution
956:1974 (Oct)
951:1974 (Feb)
871:1910 (Dec)
643:Currencies
481:Opposition
174:Succession
3141:8 October
2643:does not
2305:Palestine
2290:Singapore
2203:Hong Kong
2168:Australia
2068:UK-OT JMC
1981:Gibraltar
1748:Districts
1682:Districts
1599:Welsh law
1514:Scots law
1425:Executive
666:Elections
648:Banknotes
542:President
506:Judiciary
334:Ministers
202:Executive
116:The Crown
3046:See also
2608:and the
2501:Scotland
2330:Zimbabwe
2320:Portugal
2310:Pakistan
2255:Malaysia
2173:Barbados
1942:Anguilla
1867:Alderney
1862:Guernsey
1756:Scotland
1743:Counties
1550:2006 Act
1474:2016 Act
1470:2012 Act
1448:Scotland
1430:Assembly
1391:2006 Act
1322:2007 Act
615:Governor
589:Scotland
339:Agencies
33:a series
2737:quangos
2664:removed
2649:sources
2594:quangos
2483:England
2377:history
2338:Ireland
2225:Germany
2215:Denmark
2178:Belgium
2112:history
1948:Bermuda
1807:History
1763:History
1734:History
1635:Regions
1626:History
1619:England
1290:England
776:1832–33
444:Speaker
256:Cabinet
3136:GOV.UK
3106:GOV.UK
3035:under
2708:Labour
2383:Brexit
2315:Poland
2280:Russia
2275:Norway
2235:Israel
2220:France
2210:Cyprus
2193:Canada
2188:Brunei
2183:Belize
1583:Senedd
2592:(or "
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2250:Kenya
2245:Japan
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2230:India
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1800:Wales
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653:Coins
3143:2022
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2706:and
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1251:2016
1246:2011
1241:1975
1223:Next
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1198:2003
1193:1999
1175:Next
1170:2022
1165:2017
1160:2016
1155:2011
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1122:Next
1117:2021
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1107:2011
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1097:2003
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1074:2019
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1054:1999
1049:1994
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1016:2024
1011:2019
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1001:2015
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911:1945
906:1935
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856:1900
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3209:PDF
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