548:(SD), in full close cooperation with other EU actors, supported Kosovo's rule of law institutions at the senior management level in their progress towards sustainability and accountability. It aimed to strengthen the chain of criminal justice, with an emphasis of fighting political interference, through monitoring mentoring and advising, including the monitoring of selected Kosovo case, such as corruption, organised crime, inter-ethnic crimes and war crimes, providing advice on the prosecution and investigation of these crimes. In addition, it provided structured support to develop the capacity and competence of the Kosovo Judicial Council and Kosovo Prosecutorial Council. It supported also the Kosovo Correctional Service with mobile capacity to focus on handling of high-profile detainees, prisons and detention centres, including the Mitrovica Detention Centre, and provided support to the Kosovo Police (KP) senior management, including a mobile capacity for police to address structural and organisational weaknesses to improve targeting of serious criminality, including terrorism, corruption, organised crime and specialised units. The Strengthening Division also assisted the Kosovo Border Police/Kosovo Customs in the implementation of the Kosovo IBM and migration strategies, including freedom of movement and IBM agreements and joint activities with FRONTEX. Finally, the SD supported the Civil Registration Agency in implementing the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue agreements.
560:(ED), EULEX focused on delivering law services until the progress of local authorities allowed a complete transition of executive functions to them. This means that EULEX Judges and Prosecutors were embedded in Kosovo institutions and served in accordance with Kosovo law. Joint cases were investigated and prosecuted by mixed teams consisting of Kosovo prosecution authorities and EULEX prosecutors. In these cases, the Executive Division engaged in mentoring the counterpart in the form of peer-to-peer cooperation in their investigation and prosecution. EULEX dealt with highly sensitive cases related to war crimes, terrorism, organised crime and corruption. EULEX Civil Judges adjudicated property disputes and privatisation matters. In the area of privatisation matters, the mandate of EULEX Judges was restricted to cases falling within the jurisdiction of the Special Chamber of the Supreme Court of Kosovo. EULEX under its Executive objective supported the Department for Forensic Medicine by carrying out executive functions with reference to missing persons and war crimes.
584:
supports the Kosovo Police in the field of international police cooperation by facilitating the exchange of information between the Kosovo Police and
Interpol, Europol or the Serbian Ministry of Interior. The Mission also assists the Kosovo Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor's Office by providing logistic and operational support in line with relevant Kosovo legislation. In addition, EULEX experts continue to work together with their local counterparts at the Institute of Forensic Medicine to determine the fate of missing persons by offering expertise and advice in the identification of potential clandestine graves and the exhumation and identification of victims from the Kosovo conflict. Last but not least, the Mission continues to manage its witness protection programme.
501:
27:
476:("Self-Determination") in reaction to EULEX's police cooperation with Serbia and its actions in Kosovo. There is resentment towards the EU mission for exercising its powers over Kosovo while mediating between the state and Serbia. Policies concentrating on crisis management, rather than resolution, as well as the pursuit of ethnic autonomy and its overly broad mandate over Kosovo's governance is at the stem of the discontent with the EU mission.
65:
719:
EULEX stated in
November 2017 that Simmons himself had been under investigation due to serious allegations against him, which at the time had not been concluded. In a 2021 press release, the mission criticized Simmonsâ statements as âa deliberate disinformation campaignâ and stated that an independent investigation had not been able to confirm Simmonsâ allegations.
571:
Through its Case
Monitoring Unit, the Monitoring Pillar conducts a robust monitoring of selected cases, which covers the entire chain of criminal justice as well as civil justice cases on property and privatization issues. The Pillar also focuses its monitoring activities on selected cases which were
643:
According to a
February 2016 report by FOL, an accountability NGO in Kosovo, during the first 7 years of operation up until August 2015, EULEX judges delivered 47 verdicts on corruption cases and 23 verdicts on organised crime. This makes a total of 70 verdicts in these respective crimes since 2008.
718:
In
November 2017, chief judge Malcolm Simmons resigned and accused EULEX and several senior members of corruption and malpractice. He further claimed that EULEX was subject to political interference and a political mission, rather than one to promote the rule of law. In response to the accusations,
639:
The
European Court of Auditors in a 2012 report found that EULEX assistance has not been sufficiently effective. Although the EU helped to build capacity, notably in the area of customs, assistance to the police and the judiciary has had only modest success. Levels of organised crime and corruption
626:
The Panel reviews complaints that are submitted to it within six months from the date of the alleged violation, decides if a complaint is admissible and when admissible, it reviews the complaint and renders a finding as to whether or not EULEX has violated the human rights law applicable in Kosovo.
608:
Security Policy in 2014. The
Specialist Chambers are attached to each level of the court system in Kosovo â Basic Court, Court of Appeals, Supreme Court and Constitutional Court and function according to relevant Kosovo laws as well as customary international law and international human rights law.
535:
Before
December 2018, EULEX had an executive mandate to pursue two operational objectives: a monitoring, mentoring and advising objective, providing support to Kosovo's rule of law institutions â specifically in the police, judiciary and customs areas â and to the Belgrade-Pristina dialogue, and an
422:
announced in a meeting of
European Union Foreign Ministers that Spain would not send its contingent to the EULEX mission until there has been a formal transfer of powers from the United Nations. The other EU countries that do not recognize the independence of Kosovo are Greece, Cyprus, Romania and
583:
Operational functions are undertaken by the
Mission's Operations Support Pillar, which maintains a limited residual capability as a Kosovo's second security responder, where Kosovo Police is the first security responder, EULEX is the second one, and KFOR is the third security responder. EULEX also
575:
Through its Correctional Unit, the Monitoring Pillar also supports the Kosovo Correctional Service (KCS) in developing a professional management team through monitoring, mentoring and advising and through a continued presence in KCS facilities. The Correctional Unit also helps the KCS increase its
243:
EULEX was therefore set up in February 2008 to support local institutions in the rule of law, right after the self-declared independence by Kosovo on 17 February 2008. After signing a five-point plan between Serbia and the UN, the UN Security Council approved the addition of EULEX as an assistance
630:
When the Panel determines that a violation has occurred, its findings may include non-binding recommendations for remedial action by the Head of Mission. The recommendations of the Panel and the subsequent actions by the Head of Mission with regard to the implementation of its recommendation are
651:
high official, from 2008 to 2013, EULEX policy was to not encroach upon the political elite's interests, or to only do so to protect its credibility; and in these cases to achieve the minimum necessary result. For war crimes, EULEX was much more successful, as these generally had less impact on
607:
On 3 August 2015, the Kosovo Assembly adopted Article 162 of the Kosovo Constitution and the Law on Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor's Office, following the Exchange of Letters between the President of Kosovo and the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and
251:
The Mission included around 3,200 police and judicial personnel (1,950 international, 1,250 local), and began a four-month deployment process on 16 February 2008. In September 2012, the Kosovo Assembly voted to extend EULEX to 2014. In April 2014, the Kosovo Assembly once again voted to extend
603:
In the summer of 2014, the Task Force announced that the evidence investigated was of sufficient weight to file an indictment. In order to address these allegations, there had to be an adequate institution for proper judicial proceedings, so the Kosovo authorities have agreed with the EU on
177:. EULEX supports selected Kosovo rule of law institutions on their path towards increased effectiveness, sustainability, multi-ethnicity and accountability, free from political interference and in full compliance with international human rights standards and best European practices.
536:
executive objective, supporting the adjudication of constitutional and civil justice and prosecuting and adjudicating selected criminal cases. The mission implemented this mandate through the Strengthening Division (Monitoring, Mentoring and Advising) and the Executive Division.
235:
with Serbia on that date. The officially voiced reason for the postponement was the lack of a legal basis for the mission. A Joint Action was approved on 4 February 2008 and the final decision was made on 16 February 2008 (a joint action is a method of implementing the
409:
Kosovo as an independent state. Spain for instance did not take part in the EULEX mission, since legal questions over how it replaces the UN administration have not been answered, according to the Spanish government. Furthermore, political issues related to the
640:
in Kosovo remained high. The judiciary continued to suffer from political interference, inefficiency and a lack of transparency and enforcement. There had been almost no progress in establishing the rule of law in the north of Kosovo, the 2012 report stated.
619:
To guarantee the full transparency and accountability of EULEX, on 29 October 2009 the European Union established the Human Rights Review Panel with a mandate to review alleged human rights violations by EULEX Kosovo in the conduct of its executive mandate.
180:
EULEX's current mandate has been launched to cover the period until 14 June 2025 based on Council Decision 2023/1095. Within its mandate, the Mission undertakes monitoring, mentoring, and advising activities and has limited executive functions.
579:
Through EULEX's Senior Police Advisors in northern Kosovo, the Monitoring Pillar advises Kosovo Police's Region North Directorate and the four police stations under its command on number of issues related to the provision of policing services.
3176:
679:
inquiry against some of her colleagues, after she became aware that a senior civil servant at the Kosovan health ministry, held in prison after corruption charges, discussed his case with her superiors. Ms Bamieh, who claims to act as a
255:
EULEX's current mandate has been launched to cover the period until 14 June 2025 with an allocated budget of EUR 58.5 million that will cover the EULEX Kosovo mission's expenditure for the implementation of its new mandate in Kosovo.
2522:
2206:
1594:
457:
In November 2008, the EU accepted the demand of Serbia not to implement the Ahtisaari Plan through EULEX and to be neutral regarding the status of Kosovo. In turn, EULEX would be accepted by Serbia and the UN Security Council.
655:
After the end of EULEXâs executive mandate in the judiciary, the Mission appears to have received acceptance by Kosovo. In his proposal on the steps to be taken to de-escalate the situation in north Kosovo, Prime Minister
884:
2625:
2601:
252:
EULEX's mandate, this time until June 2016. The European Council then decided to extend the mandate of the EU Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo until 14 June 2018, before extending it again in June 2018.
2633:
667:, awarded the Presidential Medal for Rule of Law to the Head of EULEX, Lars-Gunnar Wigemark, in recognition of his "steadfast support and cooperation in building a just and safe society in Kosovo".
644:
Numbers of convictions resulting from these verdicts was not provided to the researchers. In this period, EULEX prosecutors gained 24 indictments which amount to approximately a 6% indictment rate.
470:, resulting in the damaging of 28 EU vehicles. Three Kosovo police officers were injured in the clashes which resulted in 21 arrests by the Kosovo police. The attack was organised by a group called
688:
2529:
1540:"On the collection of ill-conceived and unsubstantiated untruths and personal opinions by Malcolm Simmons - EULEX Press Releases - EULEX - European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo"
2641:
832:
2752:
888:
2906:
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1338:
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223:
The final decision on the mission was planned to be taken on 28 January 2008. This was postponed due to concerns over possible negative effects on the second round of the
166:
3168:
450:, which introduced the international rule of Kosovo in 1999. However, the mission, which was previously planned to be covered by the Security Council's approval of the
2964:
454:, has not received a new UN Security Council mandate due to the opposition from Russia. Serbia also views the Mission as an EU recognition of an independent Kosovo.
1312:
2832:
2156:
1876:
3045:
611:
EULEX supports the Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor's Office with logistic and operational support in line with the relevant Kosovo legislation.
592:
In September 2011, the European Union decided to set up a Special Investigative Task Force to further the investigation into the allegations contained in the
3066:
3022:
2800:
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Under its current mandate extended until 14 June 2025, EULEX undertakes monitoring, mentoring, and advising activities and has limited executive functions.
3188:
2515:
1604:
981:
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pledged to provide full access and monitoring by EULEX and interested human rights NGOs of judicial proceedings in relation to perpetrators of violence.
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1589:
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dealt with by EULEX under its previous mandate that ended in mid-June 2018 and were later handed over to the local judiciary as well as other cases.
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1085:"KOSOVO SITUATION CALM, BUT POLITICAL TRANSITION FOLLOWING DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE MORE COMPLEX THAN EXPECTED, SECURITY COUNCIL TOLD"
821:
Council Decision (CFSP) 2023/1095 of 5 June 2023 amending Joint Action 2008/124/CFSP on the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo
2744:
1840:
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2044:
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511:
914:
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2101:
1832:
1635:
232:
1489:"EULEX Statement in Relation to the Media Article - EULEX Press Releases - EULEX - European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo"
939:
3232:
2566:
1513:
436:
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418:
region prevented Spain from recognizing Kosovo a self-declared independent State. In June 2008, Spanish Foreign Minister
185:
1190:
833:"Serbia, Russia fury as Kosovo independence draws near | EU â European Information on Enlargement & Neighbours"
623:
The Panel is an independent, external accountability body which performs its functions with impartiality and integrity.
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2308:
2211:
2059:
2049:
1872:
1573:
652:
current elite's criminal activities and were less likely to expose widespread criminal practices, Capussela concludes.
485:
237:
170:
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2194:
1924:
1462:
302:
2441:
2371:
1825:
1817:
467:
1008:
2570:
1421:
2391:
1339:"President Osmani received the head of the EULEX Mission Ambassador Lars-Gunnar Wigemark in a farewell meeting"
2558:
411:
2562:
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1724:
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2074:
1957:
1628:
491:
2296:
2166:
1719:
1287:
1250:
820:
200:
on 14 December 2007. This was later increased to 2,000 personnel due to the lack of an agreement with
3270:
prior to 2003. These missions were not named using conventional prefixes such as EUFOR, EUNAVFOR etc.
2436:
2216:
1702:
1673:
419:
3312:
2131:
2084:
1962:
1742:
1697:
1198:
1212:
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3302:
2333:
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1952:
2507:
431:
The EU has been divided on whether to recognize an independent Kosovo without international and
3267:
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2386:
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2328:
2318:
2247:
2054:
1919:
1621:
859:
748:
406:
337:
1778:
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2094:
1911:
1812:
1668:
738:
224:
2468:
2451:
2416:
2411:
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2179:
2079:
697:
684:, cites several cases of corruption, dating back to 2012. She was suspended on 24 October.
676:
289:
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8:
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2277:
2254:
2189:
2146:
2106:
2064:
1902:
1690:
1313:"Prime Minister Kurti's address on how to approach de-escalation in the north of Kosova"
40:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2670:
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957:"EULEX Kosovo: European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo - Civilian Mission | EEAS"
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2018:
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with Serbia was seen as ensuring the unity of the EU on the question, however the
3184:
Minesweeping operation in the Strait of Hormuz, (Operation Cleansweep, 1987â1988)
2685:
2496:
2446:
2426:
2421:
2396:
2353:
2313:
2008:
1394:
943:
712:
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published in the English, Albanian and Serbian languages on the Panel's website.
205:
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705:
472:
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1728:
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2003:
1993:
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1373:
743:
681:
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399:
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1988:
1707:
982:"Kosovo's independence, recognition discussed in Council of Europe plenary"
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657:
391:
217:
209:
500:
1864:
1166:"What is EULEX? - EULEX - European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo"
1143:
1115:
597:
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announced it would not amount to recognition of an independent Kosovo.
440:
808:, accessed 15 January 2021, refers to both "EULEX" and "EULEX Kosovo".
614:
885:"Kosovo leaders agree a grand coalition, independence "top priority""
805:
715:
to ask the High Representative Mogherini to initiate investigations.
415:
2013:
1998:
1583:
1398:
694:
said she would appoint an independent legal expert to probe Eulex.
675:
In October 2014, British EULEX prosecutor Maria Bamieh, demanded a
93:
1613:
2537:
1983:
1685:
1426:
1110:
1422:"Prosecutor at center of EU graft scandal in Kosovo says to sue"
1138:
3192:
1885:
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1195:
Kosovo Specialist Chambers & Specialist Prosecutor's Office
432:
395:
387:
383:
378:
EULEX is supported by all 27 European Union Member States, the
228:
201:
140:
97:
1277:"EULEX: Anti-corruption and limits of quantitative assessment"
1240:"EULEX: Anti-corruption and limits of quantitative assessment"
1978:
1567:
1362:"EU's biggest foreign mission in turmoil over corruption row"
1213:"Rule of law assistance to Kosovo not sufficiently effective"
887:. News.monstersandcritics.com. 7 January 2008. Archived from
245:
213:
64:
911:"News â Politics â EU to postpone sending mission to Kosovo"
600:, in particular about alleged organ trafficking by the KLA.
729:
EULEX IG â EULEX's multinational police Intervention Group
588:
The Specialist Chambers and Specialist Prosecutor's Office
1590:
Kosovo 2009: Uncertain Future â spotlight europe 2009/01
1463:"Top judge quits EU Kosovo mission, alleging corruption"
860:"Factbox: EU launches Kosovo police and justice mission"
604:
modalities of dealing with those serious allegations.
1060:"Stabilisation and Association Agreement with Serbia"
576:
capacities in providing rehabilitation of prisoners.
3200:
Police contingent in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
466:
On 25 August 2009, the EULEX mission was subject to
196:
A 1,800 to 1,900 strong mission was approved by the
615:
The European Union Human Rights Review Panel (HRRP)
231:on 3 February 2008 and the possible signing of the
2567:Operations of the European Rapid Operational Force
3206:Multinational Advisory Police Element in Albania
2555:Operations of the European Border and Coast Guard
1395:"Kosovo EU bribe claims face independent inquiry"
1275:Calpin, Shaunna; Crossley, Gabriel David (2016).
1238:Calpin, Shaunna; Crossley, Gabriel David (2016).
3279:
3218:General security surveillance mission in Kosovo
835:. EurActiv.com. 15 February 2008. Archived from
1111:"Violent protests against EU mission in Kosovo"
1035:"Which countries recognise Kosovo's statehood?"
448:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244
1607:, Opinion by Jelena ObradoviÄ, February 2009,
1274:
1237:
563:
3249:European Union Partnership Mission in Moldova
3225:European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia
2523:
1629:
1609:European Union Institute for Security Studies
1599:European Union Institute for Security Studies
825:
929:
816:
814:
734:Overseas interventions of the European Union
259:
155:European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo
58:European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo
1841:Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija
776:
530:
3288:Rule of law missions of the European Union
2571:Missions of the European Gendarmerie Force
2530:
2516:
1636:
1622:
1009:"Spain Holds Staff From EU Kosovo Mission"
184:The Mission works within the framework of
2563:Operations of the European Maritime Force
2157:UN Interim Administration Mission (UNMIK)
811:
663:On 9 June 2023, the President of Kosovo,
539:
479:
3088:Mission to provide advice and assistance
2575:Exercises of the European Maritime Force
1108:
647:According to Andrea Capussela, a former
220:issues, including democratic standards.
3212:Demining Assistance Mission to Croatia
3059:Integrated rule of law mission (EUJUST)
1595:EULEX Kosovo breaks new ground for ESDP
1514:"EU courts trouble with Kosovo scandal"
437:Stabilization and Association Agreement
233:Stabilization and Association Agreement
3280:
3233:EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia
1580:Viewpoint: The EU's toughest operation
1419:
1359:
913:. B92. 15 January 2008. Archived from
373:
2634:Chad and the Central African Republic
2602:Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
2511:
1617:
1136:
551:
248:, rather than outright replacing it.
240:, and are binding on member states).
1006:
857:
799:
495:
426:
20:
3015:Aviation security mission (EUAVSEC)
2202:UN Security Council Resolution 1244
1643:
1139:"Comment: Causing damage in Kosovo"
186:UN Security Council Resolution 1244
13:
3187:Police and customs operation with
3090:for security sector reform (EUSEC)
2674:(Operation Atalanta, 2008âpresent)
2666:(Operation Sharp Guard, 1993â1996)
1574:Council Joint Action 2008/124/CFSP
1420:Bytyci, Fatos (10 November 2014).
1360:Borger, Julian (5 November 2014).
1109:Phillips, Leigh (26 August 2009).
1032:
405:However, some EU countries do not
238:Common Foreign and Security Policy
216:â hence focusing on issues on the
208:(including four anti-riot units),
171:Common Security and Defence Policy
14:
3329:
3241:European Union Mission in Armenia
2994:Military advisory mission (EUMAM)
2899:Border assistance mission (EUBAM)
2862:Capacity building mission (EUCAP)
2717:Military assistance mission (MAM)
2696:(Operation Aspides, 2024âpresent)
1713:Late Antiquity and Medieval sites
1679:Copper, Bronze and Iron Age sites
1561:
1137:Kurti, Albin (2 September 2009).
2626:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2621:(Operation Althea, 2004âpresent)
2610:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2579:Operations of the European Corps
2175:2008 declaration of independence
634:
499:
63:
25:
3318:KosovoâEuropean Union relations
1532:
1506:
1481:
1455:
1441:
1413:
1387:
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1305:
1268:
1231:
1205:
1183:
1158:
1130:
1102:
1077:
1052:
1026:
1000:
974:
858:John, Mark (16 February 2008).
3038:security sector reform (EUSSR)
2559:Exercises of the Western Union
2212:BelgradeâPristina negotiations
2070:EU Rule of Law Mission (EULEX)
1833:Socialist Autonomous Province
949:
903:
877:
851:
761:
670:
486:BelgradeâPristina negotiations
382:and five Contributing States (
1:
1197:. 20 May 2016. Archived from
792:
3140:Police advisory team (EUPAT)
2777:Police mission (EUPOL, EUPM)
2102:International Steering Group
1317:www.kryeministri.rks-gov.net
1286:. p. 15. Archived from
7:
2936:Rule of law mission (EULEX)
2605:(Operation Concordia, 2003)
1249:. p. 7. Archived from
771:(English abbreviation for '
722:
564:Current Mandate (2023â2025)
461:
10:
3334:
1601:, Newsletter, January 2009
946:Retrieved 20 February 2010
489:
483:
446:EULEX is legally based on
191:
3298:Law enforcement in Kosovo
3264:
3169:AMIS EU Supporting Action
3159:
3138:
3109:
3086:
3057:
3036:Mission in support of the
3034:
3013:
2992:
2957:Monitoring mission (EUMM)
2955:
2934:
2897:
2860:
2775:
2768:
2708:
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2613:(Operation Artemis, 2003)
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2585:
2549:
2481:
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2295:
2238:
2229:
2165:
2040:
2031:
1971:
1945:
1910:
1901:
1795:
1661:
1652:
1217:European Court of Editors
260:Heads of Mission of EULEX
135:
125:
113:
103:
89:
71:
62:
34:This article needs to be
3002:Central African Republic
2737:Central African Republic
2642:Central African Republic
2195:Unification with Albania
2152:Provisional institutions
942:23 December 2014 at the
754:
531:Former Executive Mandate
278:Giovanni Pietro Barbano
169:ever launched under the
3111:Advisory mission (EUAM)
2849:Palestinian Territories
2721:Training mission (EUTM)
2117:Kosovo Protection Corps
492:KosovoâSerbia relations
3268:Western European Union
2833:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2655:Naval force (EUNAVFOR)
2618:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2539:Overseas interventions
1007:BIRN (31 March 2008).
777:
749:OSCE Mission in Kosovo
546:Strengthening Division
540:Strengthening Division
508:This section is empty.
480:Intermediary mediation
420:Miguel Ăngel Moratinos
338:Xavier Bout de Marnhac
303:Alexandra Papadopoulou
77:; 16 years ago
2207:ICJ opinion on Kosovo
1857:Insurgency in Kosovo
1813:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
739:Kosovo status process
244:mission subjected to
225:presidential election
75:16 February 2008
2180:Standards for Kosovo
1888:(2008–present)
1843:(1990–present)
698:Parliament of Kosovo
290:Lars-Gunnar Wigemark
3266:: Conducted by the
3214:(WEUDAM, 1999â2001)
2907:Moldova and Ukraine
2586:Military operations
2112:Kosovo Force (KFOR)
2045:Accession to the EU
1849:Republic of Kosova
1779:Sanjak of Viçitrina
1743:BalĆĄiÄ noble family
1691:Kingdom of Dardania
1605:Kosovo: one year on
1544:www.eulex-kosovo.eu
1493:www.eulex-kosovo.eu
1170:www.eulex-kosovo.eu
891:on 13 February 2012
785:for 'law').
689:High Representative
665:Vjosa Osmani-Sadriu
412:independence claims
374:Contributing States
350:Roy Reeve (acting)
115:Parent organization
59:
3293:Politics of Kosovo
2678:Mediterranean Sea
2217:Brussels Agreement
1775:Sanjak of Dukagjin
1520:. 17 November 2017
1469:. 16 November 2017
961:www.eeas.europa.eu
692:Federica Mogherini
558:Executive Division
552:Executive Division
204:. It consisted of
57:
3275:
3274:
3260:
3259:
3208:(MAPE, 1997â2001)
2965:Former Yugoslavia
2769:Civilian missions
2764:
2763:
2709:Military missions
2704:
2703:
2505:
2504:
2477:
2476:
2291:
2290:
2268:Natural resources
2225:
2224:
2142:Political parties
2075:Foreign relations
2027:
2026:
1972:Regions of Kosovo
1897:
1896:
1881:(1999–2008)
1873:UN administration
1851:(1990–1999)
1818:Albanian Kingdom
1808:Kingdom of Serbia
1785:Vilayet of Kosovo
1771:Sanjak of Prizren
1748:BrankoviÄ dynasty
1733:Serbian Despotate
1725:Kingdom of Serbia
1401:. 5 November 2014
1219:. 30 October 2012
1064:eur-lex.europa.eu
1039:www.aljazeera.com
988:. 26 January 2023
696:On 24 July 2015,
594:Council of Europe
528:
527:
427:Political context
371:
370:
165:, is the largest
151:
150:
55:
54:
3325:
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2797:
2789:
2773:
2772:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2713:
2712:
2697:
2689:
2682:Operation Sophia
2675:
2667:
2646:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2590:
2589:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2509:
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2490:
2309:Cities and towns
2302:
2301:
2258:
2236:
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2038:
2037:
1908:
1907:
1889:
1882:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1827:1943–1944)
1821:
1820:(1939–1943
1803:First Balkan War
1753:Dukagjini family
1738:Battle of Kosovo
1659:
1658:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1568:Official website
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1203:
1202:
1201:on 31 July 2014.
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986:www.euractiv.com
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786:
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710:Kosovo President
523:
520:
510:You can help by
503:
496:
468:violent protests
361:Yves de Kermabon
264:
263:
198:European Council
167:civilian mission
147:
144:
142:
109:Giovanni Barbano
85:
83:
78:
67:
60:
56:
50:
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41:
29:
28:
21:
3333:
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3313:2010s in Kosovo
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3256:
3251:
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3235:
3227:
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3207:
3201:
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2803:
2795:
2787:
2760:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2700:
2695:
2688:, 2020âpresent)
2686:Operation Irini
2679:
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2665:
2649:
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2636:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2581:
2545:
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2473:
2437:Public holidays
2358:
2287:
2256:
2221:
2161:
2023:
1967:
1941:
1925:Protected areas
1893:
1887:
1880:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1835:(1946–90)
1834:
1826:
1819:
1791:
1720:Medieval period
1674:Neolithic sites
1648:
1642:
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1296:
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1293:on 6 March 2016
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1256:on 6 March 2016
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713:Atifete Jahjaga
708:that obligates
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356:2010 (May-Oct)
326:Bernd Borchardt
315:Gabriele Meucci
273:Term of office
267:Head of Mission
262:
206:police officers
194:
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131:3,200 Personnel
128:
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105:Head of Mission
81:
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30:
26:
17:
12:
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3308:2009 in Kosovo
3305:
3303:2008 in Kosovo
3300:
3295:
3290:
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3252:(2023âpresent)
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3244:(2023âpresent)
3238:
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3180:(2002âpresent)
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3130:(2017âpresent)
3124:
3122:(2014âpresent)
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2926:(2005âpresent)
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2918:(2013âpresent)
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2852:(2006âpresent)
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2756:(2022âpresent)
2750:
2748:(2010âpresent)
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2740:(2016âpresent)
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2732:(2013âpresent)
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2543:European Union
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2185:Status process
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2132:Municipalities
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2085:Prime Minister
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1796:Modern history
1793:
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1767:Rumelia Eyalet
1762:Ottoman period
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1562:External links
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1319:. 29 June 2023
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1013:Balkan Insight
999:
973:
948:
937:What is Eulex?
928:
917:on 6 June 2011
902:
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850:
839:on 9 June 2011
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484:Main article:
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452:Ahtisaari Plan
435:approval. The
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2707:
2694:
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2687:
2684:, 2015â2020,
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2091:Human rights
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1920:Biodiversity
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2637:(2008â2009)
1912:Environment
1865:Kosovo War
1669:Archaeology
1223:4 September
1175:4 September
1150:2 September
1122:2 September
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671:Controversy
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392:Switzerland
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