2223:
1910:
595:
1760:
1289:, are distinct languages with phonological, morphological, and lexical differences. They demonstrate limited mutual intelligibility. Additionally, both Alutiiq and Central Yup'ik have considerable dialect diversity. The northernmost Yupik languages – Siberian Yupik and Naukan Yupik – are linguistically only slightly closer to Inuit than is Alutiiq, which is the southernmost of the Yupik languages. Although the grammatical structures of Yupik and Inuit languages are similar, they have pronounced differences phonologically. Differences of vocabulary between Inuit and any one of the Yupik languages are greater than between any two Yupik languages. Even the dialectal differences within Alutiiq and Central Alaskan Yup'ik sometimes are relatively great for locations that are relatively close geographically.
2287:
1108:
1497:
5841:
1300:
1031:
1838:
1579:
432:
610:
2204:, Central Alaskan Yup'ik has the most speakers, with about 10,000 of a total Yup'ik population of 21,000 still speaking the language. The five dialects of Central Alaskan Yup'ik include General Central Yup'ik, and the Egegik, Norton Sound, Hooper Bay-Chevak, and Nunivak dialects. In the latter two dialects, both the language and the people are called
1622:, and land animals for food, heat, light, clothing, and tools. Their food sources primarily relied on seals, whales, whale blubber, walrus, and fish, all of which they hunted using harpoons on the ice. Clothing consisted of robes made of wolfskin and reindeer skin to acclimate to the low temperatures. They maintain a unique
5215:(= Names derived from a combination of Russian and Native words include: Alutiiq, from the Russian word Aleut (a term something like English "Eskimo" but referring to the people of the Aleutian Islands, the Alaska Peninsula, and the Kodiak archipelago); plus the Russian plural suffix -y; plus the Native singular suffix -q)
2248:
on St. Lawrence Island in Alaska. The
Central Siberian Yupik spoken on the Chukchi Peninsula and on St. Lawrence Island is nearly identical. About 1,050 of a total Alaska population of 1,100 Siberian Yupik people in Alaska speak the language. It is the first language of the home for most St. Lawrence
1487:
There has been a long-running linguistic debate about whether or not the speakers of the Eskimo-Aleut language group have an unusually large number of words for snow. The general modern consensus is that, in multiple Eskimo languages, there are, or have been in simultaneous usage, indeed fifty plus
749:
is inclusive of (and under U.S. and
Alaskan law, as well as the linguistic and cultural legacy of Alaska, refers to) all Indigenous peoples of Alaska, including not only the Iñupiat (Alaskan Inuit) and the Yupik, but also groups such as the Aleut, who share a recent ancestor, as well as the largely
376:
There are between 171,000 and 187,000 Inuit and Yupik, the majority of whom live in or near their traditional circumpolar homeland. Of these, 53,785 (2010) live in the United States, 70,545 (2021) in Canada, 51,730 (2021) in
Greenland and 1,657 (2021) in Russia. In addition, 16,730 people living in
1079:
Approximately 1,500 to 2,000 years ago, apparently in northwestern Alaska, two other distinct variations appeared. Inuit language became distinct and, over a period of several centuries, its speakers migrated across northern Alaska, through Canada, and into
Greenland. The distinct culture of the
2354:
Little is known about the origin of this diversity. The peculiarities of this language may be the result of a supposed long isolation from other Eskimo groups, and being in contact only with speakers of unrelated languages for many centuries. The influence of the
Chukchi language is clear.
1219:,) and increased consonant lengthening, and lexical change. Thus, speakers of two adjacent Inuit dialects would usually be able to understand one another, but speakers from dialects distant from each other on the dialect continuum would have difficulty understanding one another.
2271:
in
Siberia. Despite the relatively small population of Naukan speakers, documentation of the language dates back to 1732. While Naukan is only spoken in Siberia, the language acts as an intermediate between two Alaskan languages: Siberian Yupik Eskimo and Central Yup'ik Eskimo.
774:, have been proposed, but none has gained widespread acceptance. Early 21st century population estimates registered more than 135,000 individuals of Eskimo descent, with approximately 85,000 living in North America, 50,000 in Greenland, and the rest residing in Siberia.
1057:) date to 5,000 years ago. Several earlier indigenous peoples existed in the northern circumpolar regions of eastern Siberia, Alaska, and Canada (although probably not in Greenland). The Paleo-Eskimo peoples appear to have developed in Alaska from people related to the
2358:
Because of all these factors, the classification of
Sireniki Eskimo language is not settled yet: Sireniki language is sometimes regarded as a third branch of Eskimo (at least, its possibility is mentioned). Sometimes it is regarded rather as a group belonging to the
1292:
Despite the relatively small population of Naukan speakers, documentation of the language dates back to 1732. While Naukan is only spoken in
Siberia, the language acts as an intermediate between two Alaskan languages: Siberian Yupik Eskimo and Central Yup'ik Eskimo.
627:
is still used by people to encompass Inuit and Yupik, as well as other
Indigenous or Alaska Native and Siberian peoples. In the 21st century, usage in North America has declined. Linguistic, ethnic, and cultural differences exist between Yupik and Inuit.
2151:, speak what they call Sugpiaq. They are able to understand those who speak Yupik in Bethel. With a population of approximately 3,000, and the number of speakers in the hundreds, Alutiiq communities are working to revitalize their language.
1691:(lit. "lands, waters and ices of the people"), their traditional homeland although some people live in southern parts of Canada. Inuit Nunangat ranges from the Yukon–Alaska border in the west across the Arctic to northern Labrador.
2316:
As early as in 1895, Imtuk was a settlement with a mixed population of
Sirenik Eskimos and Ungazigmit (the latter belonging to Siberian Yupik). Sirenik Eskimo culture has been influenced by that of Chukchi, and the language shows
1198:
in Alaska, across northern Alaska and Canada, and east to Greenland. Changes from western (Iñupiaq) to eastern dialects are marked by the dropping of vestigial Yupik-related features, increasing consonant assimilation (e.g.,
1014:
population was genetically distinct from the modern circumpolar populations, but eventually derives from the same far northeastern Asian cluster. It is understood that some or all of these ancient people migrated across the
3899:
Edmonton's team has seen repeated calls for a name change in the past, and faces renewed criticism as sports teams in Canada, the United States and elsewhere are urged to remove outdated and sometimes racist names and
3869:
The U.S. owner of Eskimo Pie ice cream will change the product's brand name and marketing, it told Reuters on Friday, becoming the latest company to rethink racially charged brand imagery amid a broad debate on racial
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Images documenting Alaska and Western Canada, primarily Yukon and British Columbia, depicting scenes of the Gold Rush of 1898, city street scenes, Eskimo and Native Americans of the region, hunting and fishing, and
8533:
2684:"H.R.4238 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): To amend the Department of Energy Organization Act and the Local Public Works Capital Development and Investment Act of 1976 to modernize terms relating to minorities"
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Genetic evidence suggests that the Americas were populated from northeastern Asia in multiple waves. While the great majority of indigenous American peoples can be traced to a single early migration of
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his Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed so as to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal, treaty or other rights or freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal peoples of Canada.
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in Canada, and Greenland (associated with Denmark). Until fairly recent times, there has been a remarkable homogeneity in the culture throughout this area, which traditionally relied on fish,
2119:). In the early 1800s there were more than 60 Alutiiq villages in the Kodiak archipelago, with an estimated population of 13,000 people. Today more than 4,000 Alutiiq people live in Alaska.
1552:, they consume this type of diet because a mostly meat diet is "effective in keeping the body warm, making the body strong, keeping the body fit, and even making that body healthy".
331:
in official documents, but it has not been eliminated, as the word is in some places written into tribal, and therefore national, legal terminology. Canada officially uses the term
327:
continues to be used within a historical, linguistic, archaeological, and cultural context. The governments in Canada and the United States have made moves to cease using the term
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Island children. In Siberia, about 300 of a total of 900 Siberian Yupik people still learn and study the language, though it is no longer learned as a first language by children.
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2332:) Eskimo language amounted to mutual unintelligibility even with its nearest language relatives: in the past, Sirenik Eskimos had to use the unrelated Chukchi language as a
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Some people regard the word Eskimo as offensive, and the peoples inhabiting the regions of northern Canada and parts of Greenland and Alaska prefer to call themselves Inuit
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2309:, Imtuk, and some small villages stretching to the west from Sireniki along south-eastern coasts of Chukchi Peninsula. They lived in neighborhoods with Siberian Yupik and
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5801:
1183:, which is virtually extinct, is sometimes regarded as a third branch of the Eskimo language family. Other sources regard it as a group belonging to the Yupik branch.
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is potentially harmful to the relationships between archaeologists and the Inuit and Inuvialuit communities who are our hosts and increasingly our research partners."
1142:
varies, with Aleut languages having a greatly reduced case system compared to those of the Eskimo subfamily. Eskimo–Aleut languages possess voiceless plosives at the
1296:
The Sirenikski language is sometimes regarded as a third branch of the Eskimo language family, but other sources regard it as a group belonging to the Yupik branch.
705:
1088:) developed in northwestern Alaska. It very quickly spread over the entire area occupied by Eskimo peoples, though it was not necessarily adopted by all of them.
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of 1971. It does not apply to Inuit or Yupik originating outside the state. As a result, the term Eskimo is still in use in Alaska. Alternative terms, such as
999:
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639: or terms specific to a particular group or community. This has resulted in a trend whereby some non-Indigenous people believe that they should use
2343:
from in Siberian Yupik, but even the grammar has several peculiarities distinct not only among Eskimo languages, but even compared to Aleut. For example,
5804:
Photographs documenting scenery, towns, businesses, mining activities, Native Americans, and Eskimos in the vicinity of Nome, Alaska from 1901 to 1909.
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is the Sugtestun pronunciation of the Russian-introduced name Aleut and is commonly used as a self-designation by the people of the Chugach region";
751:
4962:
Searles, Edmund. "Food and the Making of Modern Inuit Identities." Food & Foodways: History & Culture of Human Nourishment 10 (2002): 55–78.
2596:"Words First An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada Communications Branch Indian and Northern Affairs Canada October 2002"
529:
5077:
Iñupiaq/Inupiaq is spoken by the Iñupiat/Inupiat on the Seward Peninsula, the Northwest Arctic and the North Slope of Alaska and in Western Canada.
3179:
4817:
Jacobson, Steven A. (13 November 2006). "History of the Naukan Yupik Eskimo dictionary with implications for a future Siberian Yupik dictionary".
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4789:
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2651:
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Grenoble, Lenore A. (2018). "Arctic Indigenous Languages: Vitality and Revitalization". In Hinton, Leanne; Huss, Leena; Roche, Gerald (eds.).
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Braymer-Hayes, Katelyn; Anderson, Shelby L.; Alix, Claire; Darwent, Christyann M.; Darwent, John; Mason, Owen K.; Norman, Lauren Y.E. (2020).
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as a designation for all circumpolar Native peoples, regardless of their local view on an appropriate term. They voted to replace the word
4473:
Flegontov, Pavel; Altinişik, N. Ezgi; Changmai, Piya; et al. (13 October 2017). "Paleo-Eskimo genetic legacy across North America".
5482:
594:
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Holton, Gary (2018). "Place naming strategies in Inuit-Yupik and Dene languages in Alaska". In Pratt, Kenneth L.; Heyes, Scott (eds.).
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to describe themselves nor is the term legally applicable only to Iñupiat and Yupik in Alaska, and as such, terms used in Canada like
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culture has been in place for perhaps less than 500 years, are greatly affected by phonological influence from the Yupik languages.
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peoples. Other non-enrolled individuals also claim Eskimo/Aleut descent, making it the world's "most widespread aboriginal group".
5295:
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1909:
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still play an important role in the identity of Inuit, much food is purchased from the store, which has led to health problems and
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became distinct. It is not generally considered an Eskimo culture. However, there is some possibility of an Aleutian origin of the
713:
7292:
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802:. Even at that time, such a designation was not accepted by all. As a result, the Canadian government usage has replaced the term
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can be applied to all of the Eskimo peoples in Canada and Greenland, that is not true in Alaska and Siberia. In Alaska, the term
709:
7659:
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3428:
Mailhot, Jose (1978). "L'etymologie de "esquimau" revue et corrigée" [The etymology of "eskimo" revised and corrected].
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to North America during the pre-neolithic era, somewhere around 5,000 to 10,000 years ago. It is believed that ancestors of the
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean, by Samuel Hearne
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meat. Inuit are known for their practice of food sharing, where large catches of food are shared with the broader community.
5668:
Bicultural Education in the North: Ways of Preserving and Enhancing Indigenous Peoples' Languages and Traditional Knowledge
2618:
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5754:
Adapting to climate change: social-ecological resilience in a Canadian western arctic community. Conservation Ecology 5(2)
1231:, at the opposite end of Inuit range, has had significant word replacement due to a unique form of ritual name avoidance.
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1540:. After hunting, they often honour the animals' spirit by singing songs and performing rituals. Although traditional or
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4197:"Priscilla Renouf Remembered: An Introduction to the Special Issue with a Note on Renaming the Palaeoeskimo Tradition"
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571:(meaning "eats something raw"). Regardless, the term still carries a derogatory connotation for many Inuit and Yupik.
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Inuit Women and Graphic Arts: Female Creativity and Its Cultural Context. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies 9(2)
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277:. The three groups share a relatively recent common ancestor, and speak related languages belonging to the family of
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We the People: American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States. Census 2000 Special Reports February 2006
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Today, the term "Eskimo" is viewed as the "non preferred term". Some Inuit find the term offensive or derogatory.
1355:
1286:
942:, citing the ICC resolution, but finding a consensus within the Alaskan context particularly is difficult, since
7235:
6690:
4230:"Studying pre-colonial gendered use of space in the Arctic: Spatial analysis of ceramics in Northwestern Alaska"
3345:
Holst, Jan Henrik (May 10, 2022). "A Survey of Eskimo-Aleut Languages". In Danler, Paul; Harjus, Jannis (eds.).
2709:"Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs"
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that migrated into America at a later date and are closely linked to the peoples of far northeastern Asia (e.g.
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Some speakers of Siberian Yupik languages used to speak an Eskimo variant in the past, before they underwent a
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A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the Northern Ocean in the Years 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772
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1541:
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3322:, vol. 5, ed. William C. Sturtevant, pp. 5–7. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Cited in Campbell 1997
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The Yupik are indigenous or aboriginal peoples who live along the coast of western Alaska, especially on the
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area. But, it is considered a distinct language with two major dialects: the Koniag dialect, spoken on the
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Inuit Exposure to Organochlorines through the Aquatic Food Chain. Environmental Health Perspectives 101(7)
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in eastern Asia, whose ancestors had probably migrated to Alaska at least 3,000 to 5,000 years earlier.
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866:, Canadian archaeologist Max Friesen argued fellow Arctic archaeologists should follow the ICC and use
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About 70 of 400 Naukan people still speak Naukanski. The Naukan originate on the Chukot Peninsula in
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540:(Montagnais) in the eastern areas adopted their word for the more western peoples and spelled it as
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editor Patricia Wells wrote: "In the Canadian context, continued use of any term that incorporates
353:
for enrolled tribal members of the Yupik, Inuit, and Aleut, and also for non-Eskimos including the
5477:
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2082:; plural often "Sugpiat"), as well as Pacific Eskimo or Pacific Yupik, are one of eight groups of
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In this Act, aboriginal peoples of Canada includes the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.
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532:, a Quebec anthropologist who speaks Innu-aimun (Montagnais), published a paper suggesting that
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University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Alaska and Western Canada Collection
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Indigenous culture developed in Alaska. At least 4,000 years ago, the Unangan culture of the
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University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Arthur Churchill Warner Photographs
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positions in all languages except Aleut, which has lost the bilabial stops but retained the
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speakers, this later ancestral component makes up almost half of their genomes. The ancient
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5663:"Endangered Languages in Northeast Siberia: Siberian Yupik and other Languages of Chukotka"
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generally refer to themselves as Greenlanders ("Kalaallit" or "Grønlændere") and speak the
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Raghavan, Maanasa; DeGiorgio, Michael; Albrechtsen, Anders; et al. (29 August 2014).
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Their traditional homelands date back to over 7,500 years ago, and include areas such as
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The Yupik languages and cultures in Alaska evolved in place, beginning with the original
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has important legal usage in Alaska and the rest of the United States as a result of the
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2638:"The Little-Known History of How the Canadian Government Made Inuit Wear 'Eskimo Tags'"
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The term "Eskimo", applied to Inuit by European explorers, is no longer used in Canada.
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3883:"Edmonton CFL team heeds sponsors' calls, accelerates review of potential name change"
3485:"Setting the Record Straight About Native Languages: What Does "Eskimo" Mean In Cree?"
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University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Frank H. Nowell Photographs
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5608:"Contemporary Studies of the Eskimo–Aleut Languages and Dialects: A Progress Report"
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Backhouse, Constance; Osgoode Society for Canadian Legal History (January 1, 1999).
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The word "Eskimo" is a racially charged term in Canada. In Canada's Central Arctic,
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speaker suggested the original word that became corrupted to Eskimo might have been
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4516:"The roles and impacts of human hunter-gatherers in North Pacific marine food webs"
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829:(Greenland) and Yupik (Russia)". Despite the ICC's 1977 decision to adopt the term
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A variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origin of the word
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Some Psychological Aspects of the Impact of the White Man upon the Labrador Eskimo
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meant "people who speak a different language". French traders who encountered the
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1876:). The Yupik economy has traditionally been strongly dominated by the harvest of
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Language, memory and landscape: Experiences from the boreal forest to the tundra
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5327:. Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Archived from
5298:. Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Archived from
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1430:(Avanersuarmiutut, Thule dialect or Polar Eskimo, approximately 1,000 speakers)
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1006:), and only more remotely to the majority indigenous American type. For modern
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392:, the Eskimo branch has an Inuit language sub-branch, and a sub-branch of four
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3154:
3025:
2572:
836:
In 2010, the ICC passed a resolution in which they implored scientists to use
525:. This interpretation is generally confirmed by more recent academic sources.
8487:
8334:
8226:
7923:
7881:
7810:
7615:
7299:
7282:
6985:
6457:
6358:
6330:
6249:
6160:
6109:
6062:
5490:
4152:"On the Naming of Arctic Archaeological Traditions: The Case for Paleo-Inuit"
3111:
3068:
2484:
2378:
2333:
2258:
2132:
1918:
1877:
1832:
1792:
1784:
1711:
1623:
1619:
1511:
1039:
983:
737:
579:
555:
offensive, because it is popularly perceived to mean "eaters of raw meat" in
514:
440:
349:
258:
8106:
5210:
4594:
Archaeology in America: An Encyclopedia [4 volumes]: An Encyclopedia
4439:
4420:
3853:"Eskimo Pie owner to change ice cream's name, acknowledging derogatory term"
3484:
2123:
The Alutiiq language is relatively close to that spoken by the Yupik in the
1107:
885:
Hodgetts and Wells suggested using more specific terms when possible (e.g.,
635:
is predominantly seen as offensive and has been widely replaced by the term
8262:
7305:
6839:
6829:
6768:
6658:
6478:
6351:
6240:
5729:
Yazyk sirenikskikh eskimosov. Fonetika, ocherk morfologii, teksty i slovar'
5154:"Report on Population and Resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census: 1890"
4951:
4938:
4703:
4661:
4626:
4619:
4559:
4448:
4400:
4180:
4092:
4028:
3799:
3761:
3565:
3447:
3305:(Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1985, 978-0874741858), pages 5–7.
3200:
3158:
3115:
3072:
3029:
2775:
2576:
2530:
2488:
2403:
2173:
1978:
1496:
1397:
1381:
1195:
1081:
1050:
1011:
488:
358:
159:
7388:
4315:
3513:
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition, 2000
1788:
1643:
make up 90% of Greenland's population. They belong to three major groups:
8140:
7746:
7381:
7183:
7120:
7053:
6964:
6950:
6877:
6713:
6365:
6048:
5736:
Language of Sireniki Eskimos. Phonetics, morphology, texts and vocabulary
5111:
5012:
4920:
3671:
2383:
2177:
1849:
1738:
1411:
1393:
1325:
Western-Central dialects: Atkan, Attuan, Unangan, Bering (60–80 speakers)
1016:
759:
472:
309:
8534:
Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
7803:
5732:Язык сиреникских эскимосов. Фонетика, очерк морфологии, тексты и словарь
4382:
4323:
4213:
4196:
4170:
4151:
3667:"Expert says 'meat-eater' name Eskimo an offensive term placed on Inuit"
3226:
Inuit | Definition, History, Culture, & Facts | Britannica
3175:
Nunavut Generations: Change and Continuity in Canadian Inuit Communities
1299:
567:(meaning "he eats it raw"); Inuit are referred to in some Cree texts as
323:, which is of a disputed etymology, to be pejorative or even offensive.
8280:
8234:
8230:
8124:
7959:
7917:
7543:
7356:
7169:
6846:
6809:
6651:
6471:
6337:
6095:
6027:
4889:
3333:
American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America
2971:
2509:
2408:
1695:
1599:
1065:
822:
518:
492:
460:
5525:
4541:
2844:
1764:
1754:
1536:
diet began to change and by the 21st century the diet was closer to a
1224:
1076:
people, who in turn are a likely ancestor of today's Inuit and Yupik.
987:
733:
456:
250:
8306:
7926:
7856:
7780:
7627:
7573:
7465:
6741:
6316:
6269:
6130:
5949:
5643:
4830:
4307:
4270:
3817:"Obama signs measure to get rid of the word 'Eskimo' in federal laws"
2652:"Obama signs measure to get rid of the word 'Eskimo' in federal laws"
2160:
1857:
1647:
1583:
1403:
1239:
826:
698:
658:
631:
In Canada and Greenland, and to a certain extent in Alaska, the term
444:
366:
313:
289:
27:
Exonym used to describe Indigenous people from the circumpolar region
5162:(= "The Kaniagmiut, to whom the Russians applied the name of Aleut")
4881:
3369:
Mailhot, J. (1978). "L'étymologie de «Esquimau» revue et corrigée",
2986:
8454:
8046:
7329:
7260:
7003:
6795:
6706:
6123:
5970:
5956:
4598:
4482:
3886:
3856:
2950:
2550:
Language of the Inuit: Syntax, Semantics, and Society in the Arctic
2306:
2172:, who live in western Alaska and southwestern Alaska from southern
1881:
1742:
1722:. The land was demarked in 1984 by the Inuvialuit Final Agreement.
1665:
1656:
1615:
1385:
1259:
1247:
1030:
678:
666:
500:
4418:
2168:, with an apostrophe, denotes the speakers of the Central Alaskan
344:
319:
Some Inuit, Yupik, Aleut, and other individuals consider the term
8468:
8447:
8441:
8367:
8250:
8243:
8208:
8040:
7969:
7838:
7673:
7603:
7513:
7420:
7374:
6699:
6434:
6424:
6344:
6279:
6199:
6164:
6041:
5771:
Contemporary Food Sharing: A Case Study from Akulivik, PQ. Canada
4472:
4269:(2016). "Kalaallisut: The Language of Greenland". In Day, Delyn;
3415:"Eskimo, Inuit, and Inupiaq: Do these terms mean the same thing?"
2972:
People born in Greenland and living in Denmark 1. January by time
2459:
Houghton Mifflin Company (2005). Houghton Mifflin Company (ed.).
2351:
have dual, including its neighboring Siberian Yupikax relatives.
2099:
1926:
1902:
1861:
1841:
1730:
1715:
1669:
1607:
1427:
1407:
1307:
An overview of the Eskimo–Aleut languages family is given below:
1263:
1043:
682:
468:
464:
431:
409:
354:
305:
293:
155:
4668:
4591:
Cordell, L.S.; Lightfoot, K.; McManamon, F.; Milner, G. (2008).
4227:
3003:
Language, Politics, and Social Interaction in an Inuit Community
2505:
Language, Politics, and Social Interaction in an Inuit Community
2192:
is a written convention to denote the long pronunciation of the
1981:"; plural often "Alutiit"), also called by their ancestral name
1837:
1602:
coasts of Alaska in the United States, and Arctic coasts of the
609:
8462:
8396:
8344:
8215:
7953:
7773:
7739:
7714:
7483:
7190:
7176:
7155:
7134:
7113:
7026:
7019:
6978:
6957:
6932:
6871:
6734:
6727:
6585:
6564:
6485:
6440:
6404:
6390:
6302:
6285:
6256:
6102:
6083:
6034:
5880:
5759:
Canadian Council on Learning, State of Inuit Learning in Canada
5618:
5588:
4866:
Damas, David (1972). "Central Eskimo Systems of Food Sharing".
4590:
3982:"Native American populations descend from three key migrations"
2423:
2418:
1885:
1734:
1611:
1595:
1501:
833:, this has not been accepted by all or even most Yupik people.
297:
4514:
Dunne, J. A.; Maschner, H.; Betts, M. W.; et al. (2016).
4134:"On the use of the term Inuit in scientific and other circles"
404:, and two in western Alaska, southwestern Alaska, and western
8388:
8377:
8327:
8296:
8201:
8076:
8010:
7944:
7893:
7863:
7753:
7721:
7529:
7447:
7244:
7162:
7148:
7141:
6971:
6720:
6529:
6418:
6323:
6309:
6219:
6156:
6087:
6076:
5963:
5935:
4632:
2014:
1944:
1889:
1703:
1682:
1562:
1533:
1523:
1069:
1020:
991:
644:
505:
452:
339:
who are living in the country's northern sectors and are not
266:
246:
192:
5846:
Eskimo Hunters in Alaska - The Traditional Inuit Way of Life
4355:
Reich, D.; Patterson, N.; Campbell, D.; et al. (2012).
4354:
3089:
Colour-coded: A Legal History of Racism in Canada, 1900-1950
965:
has also explicitly deferred to the ICC resolution and used
928:
In 2020, Katelyn Braymer-Hayes and colleagues argued in the
265:) of eastern Siberia and Alaska. A related third group, the
8289:
8269:
8099:
8033:
7987:
7557:
6644:
6557:
6543:
6501:
5479:
The Old Sirinek Language: Texts, Lexicon, Grammatical Notes
3347:
Las Lenguas De Las Americas - the Languages of the Americas
2462:
The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style
2054:
1935:
1791:, the northernmost city in the United States, is above the
1572:
1251:
670:
601:
from hardened leather reinforced by wood and bones worn by
560:
537:
362:
229:
214:
2240:
in Siberia in the Russian Far East and in the villages of
2045:
1999:
1358:
or Yuit (Chaplinon and St Lawrence Island, 1,400 speakers)
692:
is the preferred term, and in the eastern Canadian Arctic
657:
and Danish. Greenlandic Inuit belong to three groups: the
8361:
8092:
8069:
7976:
7696:
7689:
7197:
6802:
6788:
5984:
4131:
3647:
2823:"Ancient DNA Sheds New Light on Arctic's Earliest People"
2060:
2048:
2011:
2002:
1950:
223:
4513:
2987:"Inuit Circumpolar Council – United Voice of the Arctic"
2930:"The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010"
2731:"Aboriginal rights and freedoms not affected by Charter"
2458:
2236:
Siberian Yupik reside along the Bering Sea coast of the
1575:, a First Nations people in eastern Quebec and Labrador.
4468:
4466:
4059:
4057:
2866:"Indigenous peoples – 2021 Census promotional material"
2147:, located on southern part of the Kenai Peninsula near
2086:
that inhabit the southern-central coast of the region.
1844:
dancer during the biennial "Celebration" cultural event
1799:. Their current communities include 34 villages across
1131:
family of languages includes two cognate branches: the
4414:
4412:
4410:
1795:
and in the Iñupiat region. Their language is known as
1436:(East Greenlandic known as Tunumiisut, 3,500 speakers)
559:
common to people along the Atlantic coast. An unnamed
8433:
usually Indigenous, regarded as primitive/uncivilized
4956:
3301:
R. H. Ives Goddard, "Synonymy". In David Damas (ed.)
2613:
2611:
2072:
2063:
2057:
2042:
2026:
2017:
2005:
1996:
1962:
1953:
220:
217:
5821:
Inuit Myopia: an environmentally induced "epidemic"?
5489:. The author's untransliterated (original) name is "
4463:
4054:
3728:
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
3079:
2051:
2008:
1947:
1941:
1462:
has explicitly deferred to this resolution and used
1447:
1303:
Distribution of language variants across the Arctic.
5875:
Victor Levine Manuscripts on origins of the Eskimos
5089:"Inupiaq (Inupiat)—Alaska Native Cultural Profile."
5041:. Inuvialuit Regional Corporation. 21 November 2016
4905:"The Changing Landscape of Arctic Traditional Food"
4723:
4407:
4357:"Reconstructing Native American Population History"
3303:
Handbook of North American Indians: Volume 5 Arctic
2039:
1993:
1938:
1328:
Eastern dialect: Unalaskan, Pribilof (400 speakers)
226:
211:
8255:(sometimes used against other semi-nomadic groups)
4674:
4633:Greenberg, J.; Croft, W.; ProQuest (Firm) (2005).
2608:
2135:, and the Chugach dialect, spoken on the southern
934:that there is a "clear need" to replace the terms
821:as including "the Inupiat, Yupik (Alaska), Inuit,
5319:
5317:
5288:
4730:Comparative Eskimo Dictionary with Aleut Cognates
4304:The Routledge Handbook of Language Revitalization
4261:
4259:
3771:
3503:
3501:
3165:
752:indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast
702:, though other local designations are also used.
574:One of the first printed uses of the French word
8485:
5180:Cordova Ranger District, Chugach National Forest
5173:"East Prince William Sound Landscape Assessment"
4636:Genetic Linguistics: Essays on Theory and Method
4421:"The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic"
2635:
2495:
1530:that were fished, hunted, and gathered locally.
273:, are generally excluded from the definition of
2636:MacDonald-Dupuis, Natasha (December 16, 2015).
5314:
4256:
3911:
3498:
2805:"Race Relations In The USA and Diversity News"
2590:
2588:
2586:
2339:Many words are formed from entirely different
1550:Food and the Making of Modern Inuit Identities
1223:dialects in western Alaska, where much of the
5896:
5817:Includes images of Eskimos from 1898 to 1900.
5726:
5674:. Münster: Waxmann Verlag. pp. 159–173.
5605:
4812:
4810:
4678:An Introduction to the Languages of the World
4675:Lyovin, A.; Kessler, B.; Leben, W.R. (2017).
4194:
4143:
3777:
2454:
2452:
2325:also show the influence of Chuckchi culture.
2114:
2097:
1982:
1548:. According to Edmund Searles in his article
412:language is sometimes claimed to be related.
5777:Internet Sacred Text Archive: Inuit Religion
5569:
5371:
5369:
5367:
4853:"Are There Really 50 Eskimo Words for Snow?"
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
3955:"Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada"
3335:, pg. 394. New York: Oxford University Press
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3122:
2947:"Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года"
2758:"Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada"
2542:
2540:
777:
385:(NGO), claims to represent 180,000 people.
347:. The United States government legally uses
288:have traditionally inhabited the Arctic and
5503:
5158:United States Census Office - Alaska - 1893
2893:
2891:
2860:
2858:
2583:
2347:is not known in Sirenik Eskimo, while most
1819:; and sixteen villages affiliated with the
720:recognized Inuit as a distinctive group of
491:, etymologically the word derives from the
5903:
5889:
5399:
5381:
5218:
5099:National Network of Libraries of Medicine.
4807:
4782:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4125:
4099:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3036:
2449:
2290:Model of an ice scoop, Eskimo, 1900–1930,
2196:sound; but it is spoken the same in other
513:means "she laces a snowshoe" in Innu, and
5459:
5364:
4928:
4710:
4549:
4490:
4438:
4390:
4247:
4212:
4179:
4169:
4063:
4004:
3928:"Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"
3905:
3733:
3660:
3658:
3643:"Why You Probably Shouldn't Say 'Eskimo'"
3536:
3534:
3381:
3379:
3237:
2537:
2328:The above peculiarities of this (already
2154:
1725:The majority of Inuit live in Nunavut (a
905:was still an open question and discussed
5082:
4902:
4816:
4301:
4265:
4195:Hodgetts, Lisa; Wells, Patricia (2016).
3832:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3716:
3577:
3575:
3440:
3387:"Cree Mailing List Digest November 1997"
3363:
3325:
3128:
3046:The Oxford Dictionary of Difficult Words
2888:
2855:
2787:United States Department of the Interior
2285:
2221:
2188:. The use of the apostrophe in the name
1908:
1836:
1787:region, including the Seward Peninsula.
1758:
1577:
1495:
1298:
1190:, or dialect chain, that stretches from
1135:(Unangan) branch and the Eskimo branch.
1106:
1029:
736:(singular: Iñupiaq), who are Inuit, and
608:
593:
430:
7033:Maritime Southeast Asian-origin Indians
5738:] (in Russian). Moscow, Leningrad:
5660:
5635:
5554:
5532:
5449:
5447:
5112:"Facts for Kids: Yup'ik People (Yupik)"
4741:
4149:
3778:Svartvik, Jan; Leech, Geoffrey (2016).
3640:
3586:. Ostgroenland-hilfe.de. Archived from
3581:
3472:
3446:
3427:
3421:
3349:. Logos Verlag Berlin. pp. 13–26.
3308:
3295:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3171:
2999:
2501:
2336:for communicating with Siberian Yupik.
893:) and agreed with Frieson in using the
732:is still used because it includes both
710:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
14:
8486:
5575:
5417:
5408:
4971:
4762:
4727:; Jacobson, Steven; Kaplan, Lawrence.
4235:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
4041:
3655:
3636:
3634:
3531:
3409:
3407:
3376:
3042:
2546:
2508:. Language, Power and Social Process.
1175:The Eskimo sub-family consists of the
1162:. In the Eskimo subfamily a voiceless
931:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
917:, as well as Inuktitut loanwords like
901:, although they noted replacement for
396:. Two Yupik languages are used in the
8519:Hunter-gatherers of the United States
5884:
5705:"Inuit or Eskimo: Which name to use?"
4865:
4859:
4010:
3823:
3739:
3664:
3572:
3540:
3344:
3314:Goddard, Ives (1984). "Synonymy", In
3265:"Inuit or Eskimo: Which name to use?"
2723:
1856:delta and along the Kuskokwim River (
1470:with regards to the language branch.
1352:or Pacific Gulf Yup'ik (400 speakers)
973:with regards to the language branch.
786:(ICC) meeting in Barrow, Alaska (now
5848:1949 Documentary on Native Americans
5540:"Ethnologue Report for Eskimo–Aleut"
5444:
5343:
5271:"Language Loss & Revitalization"
5139:. Retrieved January 13, 2008, from:
3947:
3695:
3207:
2681:
2677:
2675:
1921:. Photographed by N. B. Miller, 1889
1629:
860:In a 2015 commentary in the journal
855:
487:. According to Smithsonian linguist
377:Denmark were born in Greenland. The
56:Regions with significant populations
8529:Indigenous peoples of North America
6833:(to Japan-affiliated Korean people)
5578:"The Language of the Alaskan Inuit"
5207:"Mapping Alaska's Native languages"
4281:. Cambridge Scholars. p. 284.
4067:Films on Ice: Cinemas of the Arctic
3912:Ohokak, G.; Kadlun, M.; Harnum, B.
3641:Hersher, Rebecca (April 24, 2016).
3631:
3404:
2750:
1821:Bering Straits Regional Corporation
1748:
1179:and Yupik language sub-groups. The
1049:The earliest positively identified
998:populations exhibit admixture from
768:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
521:people using words that sound like
517:speakers refer to the neighbouring
241:that refers to two closely related
24:
6912:American-Born Confused Desi (ABCD)
5747:
5465:Linguist List's description about
4279:The Journeys of Besieged Languages
4132:Inuit Circumpolar Council (2010).
4014:Historical Dictionary of the Inuit
3665:Purdy, Chris (November 27, 2015).
3544:Historical Dictionary of the Inuit
3541:Stern, Pamela R. (July 27, 2004).
3452:Handbook of North American Indians
3320:Handbook of North American Indians
3262:
2275:
1864:); and along the eastern coast of
1775:The Iñupiat are Inuit of Alaska's
1111:English ("Welcome to Barrow") and
1102:
25:
8550:
5826:
5613:. In Collis, Dirmid R. F. (ed.).
4909:Environmental Health Perspectives
4767:. Alaska Native Language Center,
4763:Kaplan, Lawrence (July 1, 2011).
4733:. Alaska Native Language Center,
3781:English – One Tongue, Many Voices
3129:Steckley, John (1 January 2008).
2829:. August 28, 2014. Archived from
2719:(20): 5462–5467. 30 January 2020.
2672:
2211:
1813:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation
1687:Canadian Inuit live primarily in
1676:
1514:, which is taken here to include
1473:
1378:(northern Alaska, 3,500 speakers)
1335:Eskimo (Yup'ik, Yuit, and Inuit)
718:Canadian Constitution Act of 1982
8419:Non-Anglo immigrant to Australia
5910:
5867:The Traditional Labrador Eskimos
5839:
5583:. In Dirmid R. F. Collis (ed.).
5435:
5426:
5390:
5355:
3743:Pocket Oxford English Dictionary
3000:Patrick, Donna (June 10, 2013).
2035:
1989:
1931:
1913:Salmon drying. Alutiiq village,
1901:This section is an excerpt from
1803:(Iñupiaq lands) including seven
1718:border and includes the western
1526:cuisine, consisted of a diet of
499:, meaning "a person who laces a
427:Native American name controversy
207:
7407:Cheese-eating surrender monkeys
5707:. Alaska Native Language Center
5263:
5242:
5199:
5165:
5146:
5129:
5104:
5053:
5031:
5005:
4980:
4972:Nelson, Edward William (1899).
4965:
4952:Nunavut Food Security Coalition
4945:
4896:
4845:
4566:
4507:
4348:
4295:
4221:
4188:
4035:
3974:
3920:
3875:
3845:
3809:
3679:
3602:
3582:Peroni, Robert; Veith, Birgit.
3519:from the original on 2001-04-12
3338:
2993:
2979:
2965:
2939:
2922:
2837:
2815:
2797:
1406:(eastern Canada; together with
1384:(western Canada; together with
696:. The language is often called
439:of Eskimo peoples, showing the
415:
369:, in addition to at least nine
8509:Hunter-gatherers of the Arctic
8004:Jewish-American princess (JAP)
6535:non-Spanish speaking Hispanics
5727:Menovshchikov, Georgy (1964).
5615:Arctic Languages. An Awakening
5606:Menovshchikov, Georgy (1990).
5585:Arctic Languages. An Awakening
5141:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
5067:. Alaska Humanities Forum. n.d
4974:The Eskimo about Bering Strait
4769:University of Alaska Fairbanks
4735:University of Alaska Fairbanks
4639:. Oxford linguistics. Oxford:
4070:. Traditions in World Cinema.
4017:. Scarecrow Press. p. 2.
3914:Inuinnaqtun-English Dictionary
3691:– via www.gutenberg.org.
3277:University of Alaska Fairbanks
2766:Department of Justice (Canada)
2741:Department of Justice (Canada)
2701:
2644:
2629:
2547:Dorais, Louis-Jacques (2010).
1668:of north Greenland, who speak
1262:of north Greenland, who speak
1258:("East Greenlandic"), and the
1203:, meaning "thumb", changes to
681:of north Greenland, who speak
677:("East Greenlandic"); and the
253:, the Canadian Inuit, and the
117:Non-native European languages:
13:
1:
7909:eastern and central europeans
7283:English-speaking Welsh people
4765:"Comparative Yupik and Inuit"
4574:"- Saqqaq culture chronology"
3916:. Kitikmeot Heritage Society.
3703:"Eskimo: Websters Dictionary"
3273:Alaska Native Language Center
2305:inhabited the settlements of
1659:of east Greenland, who speak
1650:of west Greenland, who speak
1424:(Greenland, 47,000 speakers)
1242:of west Greenland, who speak
874:. In 2016, Lisa Hodgetts and
661:of west Greenland, who speak
383:non-governmental organization
249:(including the Alaska Native
5877:at Dartmouth College Library
5871:at Dartmouth College Library
5862:at Dartmouth College Library
5576:Kaplan, Lawrence D. (1990).
5516:[Eskimo languages].
5250:""Alutiiq / Suqpiaq Nation""
5039:"Inuvialuit Final Agreement"
3960:Department of Justice Canada
3933:Department of Justice Canada
3584:"Ostgroenland-Hilfe Project"
3043:Hobson, Archie, ed. (2004).
2949:(in Russian). Archived from
2783:"Frequently Asked Questions"
2682:Meng, Grace (May 20, 2016).
2443:
1868:in the Russian Far East and
1741:(Inuit settlement region in
1700:Inuvialuit Settlement Region
1571:Not to be confused with the
1372:or Inupik (75,000 speakers)
1254:(east Greenland), who speak
1238:belong to three groups: the
1091:
784:Inuit Circumpolar Conference
722:Aboriginal peoples in Canada
673:(east Greenland), who speak
420:
7:
8314:Fresh off the boat / F.O.B.
6570:Central and South Americans
5720:
5496:September 10, 2007, at the
4048:University of Calgary Press
3137:University of Toronto Press
3094:University of Toronto Press
2909:Central Intelligence Agency
2623:Library and Archives Canada
2366:
2301:. These former speakers of
1860:); in southern Alaska (the
1186:Inuit languages comprise a
1084:(drawing strongly from the
1059:Arctic small tool tradition
911:Arctic Small Tool Tradition
643:even for Yupik who are non-
509:(a breed of dog). The word
75:- Newfoundland and Labrador
63:- Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
10:
8555:
8524:Hunter-gatherers of Canada
5639:Encyclopedia of the Arctic
5226:"Alutiiq / Sugpiaq People"
5143:Retrieved August 30, 2012.
4794:Asuilaak Living Dictionary
4578:National Museum of Denmark
4072:Edinburgh University Press
3371:Études Inuit/Inuit Studies
3132:White Lies about the Inuit
2279:
2256:
2215:
2158:
1900:
1895:
1830:
1752:
1680:
1633:
1590:) fisherman's summer house
1570:
1560:
1480:
1123:, framed by whale jawbones
1117:Paġlagivsigiñ Utqiaġvigmun
1095:
976:
424:
337:indigenous Canadian people
168:Orthodox Church in America
29:
8279:
8225:
8191:
8116:
7986:
7943:
7873:
7848:
7790:
7763:
7731:
7706:
7590:
7475:
7457:
7430:
7398:
7366:
7348:
7234:
7207:
7105:
7096:
7067:
7045:
6995:
6942:
6903:
6894:
6863:
6819:
6778:
6689:
6622:
6613:
6606:
6382:
6239:
6140:
6003:
5994:
5927:
5918:
5838:
5833:
5665:. In Erich Kasten (ed.).
5661:Vakhtin, Nikolai (1998).
5570:General and cited sources
5522:Inuit Circumpolar Council
5193:
4492:21.11116/0000-0004-5D08-C
4249:10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101165
4111:Inuit Circumpolar Council
4011:Stern, Pamela R. (2013).
3990:University College London
3837:"Inuktitut, Greenlandic".
2467:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
2269:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
2252:
1710:, which stretches to the
1273:, by contrast, including
958:would not be acceptable.
778:Inuit Circumpolar Council
586:first published in 1795.
437:Inuit Circumpolar Council
379:Inuit Circumpolar Council
191:
186:
176:Anglican Church of Canada
142:
137:
95:
90:
60:
55:
50:
45:
8514:Hunter-gatherers of Asia
6924:westernized South Asians
5731:
5512:
5296:"Central Alaskan Yup'ik"
4150:Friesen, T. Max (2015).
3454:. Vol. 5 (Arctic).
2791:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1826:
1817:Northwest Arctic Borough
1556:
1532:In the 20th century the
1500:Sharing of frozen, aged
817:The ICC charter defines
589:
371:northern Athabaskan/Dene
77:- Northwest Territories
8504:Ethnic groups in Russia
6678:westernized East Asians
6636:westernized East Asians
6021:Black American princess
5742:. Институт языкознания.
5396:Menovshchikov 1964: 6–7
5387:Menovshchikov 1964: 132
5137:Encyclopædia Britannica
5065:Alaska Native Languages
5017:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
5013:"Map of Inuit Nunangat"
4683:Oxford University Press
4641:Oxford University Press
4440:10.1126/science.1255832
3842:. Retrieved 6 Aug 2012.
3748:Oxford University Press
3740:Waite, Maurice (2013).
3627:– via Lexico.com.
3456:Smithsonian Institution
3331:Campbell, Lyle (1997).
3231:Encyclopedia Britannica
3051:Oxford University Press
2557:- MQUP. pp. 297–.
2303:Sirenik Eskimo language
2202:Alaska Native languages
2115:
2098:
1983:
1872:in western Alaska (the
1720:Canadian Arctic Islands
1702:, the northern part of
1491:
1444:Sirenik Eskimo language
164:Russian Orthodox Church
32:Eskimo (disambiguation)
8131:Indigenous Australians
5636:Nuttall, Mark (2005).
5432:Menovshchikov 1962: 11
5423:Menovshchikov 1964: 81
5414:Menovshchikov 1964: 38
5405:Menovshchikov 1964: 42
4064:MacKenzie, S. (2014).
3730:: Fourth Edition, 2000
3487:. Native-languages.org
2762:Constitution Act, 1982
2736:Constitution Act, 1982
2374:Alaska Native religion
2349:Eskimo–Aleut languages
2294:
2233:
2155:Central Alaskan Yup'ik
1922:
1858:Central Alaskan Yup'ik
1845:
1811:, affiliated with the
1772:
1733:(the northern part of
1591:
1505:
1356:Central Siberian Yupik
1344:Central Alaskan Yup'ik
1304:
1279:Central Alaskan Yup'ik
1124:
1046:
790:), officially adopted
620:
606:
548:in a transliteration.
480:
144:Alaska Native religion
8448:non-Jewish boy or man
8063:Rootless cosmopolitan
5441:Menovshchikov 1964: 9
5361:Menovshchikov 1964: 7
5101:Retrieved 4 Dec 2013.
4903:Lougheed, T. (2010).
4316:10.4324/9781315561271
4139:(Resolution 2010-01).
2321:influences. Folktale
2289:
2263:Naukan Yupik language
2225:
2182:Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta
2176:to the north side of
1912:
1840:
1815:; eleven villages in
1762:
1708:Northwest Territories
1604:Northwest Territories
1581:
1561:Further information:
1499:
1483:Eskimo words for snow
1302:
1110:
1033:
1023:people inhabited the
612:
597:
551:Some people consider
503:", and is related to
434:
425:Further information:
292:regions from eastern
187:Related ethnic groups
8499:Algonquian ethnonyms
7336:Scottish Highlanders
7267:Welsh-speaking elite
6317:Hillbilly / Hilljack
6272:of European descent)
5591:. pp. 131–158.
5528:on October 26, 2014.
5182:. September 9, 2008.
5135:"Yupik". (2008). In
4921:10.1289/ehp.118-a386
4819:Études/Inuit/Studies
3619:on February 10, 2021
3430:Études/Inuit/Studies
3283:on December 30, 2022
3172:McElroy, A. (2007).
2876:. September 21, 2022
2657:Anchorage Daily News
2555:McGill-Queen's Press
2502:Patrick, D. (2013).
2141:Prince William Sound
2090:Prince William Sound
1000:distinct populations
946:do not use the word
925:, as possibilities.
655:Greenlandic language
557:Algonquian languages
30:For other uses, see
6753:westernized Chinese
5511:"Yazyki eskimosov"
4992:Canadian Geographic
4601:. p. 3-PA274.
4534:2016NatSR...621179D
4383:10.1038/nature11258
4375:2012Natur.488..370R
4267:Grenoble, Lenore A.
4214:10.14430/arctic4678
4171:10.14430/arctic4504
3547:. Scarecrow Press.
3318:, ed. David Damas.
2953:on January 24, 2020
2430:Nanook of the North
2229:aboard the steamer
1870:St. Lawrence Island
1809:North Slope Borough
1727:territory of Canada
1528:animal source foods
1229:Eastern Greenlandic
1181:Sirenikski language
1034:Stone remains of a
756:Alaskan Athabaskans
406:Southcentral Alaska
402:St. Lawrence Island
286:circumpolar peoples
42:
6664:Chinese and Korean
6200:Redskin/Red Indian
5764:2017-12-01 at the
5740:Академия Наук СССР
5621:. pp. 69–76.
5485:2007-10-23 at the
5472:2007-10-26 at the
5376:Menovshchikov 1990
5094:2014-08-21 at the
4725:Fortescue, Michael
4521:Scientific Reports
3786:Palgrave Macmillan
3263:Kaplan, Lawrence.
2975:Statistics Denmark
2904:The World Factbook
2625:. 15 October 2013.
2433:, 1922 documentary
2295:
2234:
2107:Kodiak Archipelago
1923:
1846:
1773:
1594:Inuit inhabit the
1592:
1506:
1458:American linguist
1414:, 30,000 speakers)
1305:
1234:Ethnographically,
1125:
1098:Eskaleut languages
1055:Early Paleo-Eskimo
1047:
1027:10,000 years ago.
996:Indigenous Alaskan
961:American linguist
621:
607:
495:(Montagnais) word
481:
279:Eskaleut languages
269:, who inhabit the
243:Indigenous peoples
97:Eskaleut languages
83:- Yukon (formerly)
40:
8481:
8480:
7939:
7938:
7634:Northern Italians
7092:
7091:
7063:
7062:
7010:Northeast Indians
6890:
6889:
6602:
6601:
5869:(1960) Manuscript
5853:
5852:
5691:on April 13, 2007
5681:978-3-89325-651-8
5653:978-1-57958-436-8
5302:on April 11, 2021
5275:alutiiqmuseum.org
5230:alutiiqmuseum.org
4692:978-0-19-514988-3
4650:978-0-19-925771-3
4608:978-0-313-02189-3
4580:. April 19, 2011.
4542:10.1038/srep21179
4369:(7411): 370–374.
4333:978-1-315-56127-1
4288:978-1-4438-9943-7
4081:978-0-7486-9418-1
4024:978-0-8108-7912-6
3795:978-1-137-16007-2
3757:978-0-19-966615-7
3612:Oxford Dictionary
3590:on March 18, 2012
3554:978-0-8108-6556-3
3465:978-0-16-004580-6
3356:978-3-8325-5279-4
3189:978-1-4786-0961-2
3146:978-1-55111-875-8
3103:978-0-8020-8286-2
3060:978-0-19-517328-4
3053:. pp. 160–.
3017:978-3-11-089770-8
3008:Walter de Gruyter
2874:Statistics Canada
2870:Statistics Canada
2833:on March 9, 2021.
2809:www.usaonrace.com
2768:. June 30, 2021.
2743:. June 30, 2021.
2564:978-0-7735-3646-3
2519:978-3-11-089770-8
2476:978-0-618-60499-9
2469:. pp. 170–.
2238:Chukchi Peninsula
1970:in English; from
1783:boroughs and the
1641:Greenlandic Inuit
1636:Greenlandic Inuit
1630:Greenland's Inuit
1434:Tunumiit oraasiat
1346:(10,000 speakers)
1285:(Naukanski), and
1256:Tunumiit oraasiat
1236:Greenlandic Inuit
1188:dialect continuum
1172:is also present.
1121:Utqiaġvik, Alaska
856:Academic response
788:Utqiaġvik, Alaska
675:Tunumiit oraasiat
651:Greenlandic Inuit
477:Greenlandic Inuit
300:(United States),
255:Greenlandic Inuit
198:
197:
180:Church of Denmark
172:Roman Catholicism
65:- Sakha (Yakutia)
16:(Redirected from
8546:
8474:
8473:
8469:non-Jewish woman
8458:
8452:
8437:
8436:
8423:
8422:
8409:
8408:
8392:
8386:
8373:
8372:
8357:
8356:
8340:
8339:
8323:
8322:
8309:
8302:
8301:
8272:
8265:
8258:
8257:
8246:
8218:
8211:
8204:
8184:
8183:
8179:Pacific Islander
8168:
8167:
8163:Pacific Islander
8152:
8151:
8136:
8135:
8109:
8102:
8095:
8088:
8087:
8072:
8065:
8058:
8057:
8036:
8029:
8028:
8013:
8006:
7999:
7979:
7972:
7965:
7964:
7932:
7931:
7913:
7912:
7899:
7898:
7866:
7859:
7841:
7834:
7833:
7822:
7821:
7806:
7799:
7783:
7776:
7756:
7749:
7742:
7724:
7717:
7699:
7692:
7685:
7684:
7669:
7668:
7655:
7654:
7639:
7638:
7623:
7618:
7611:
7606:
7599:
7583:
7582:
7579:Anglophile Irish
7569:
7568:
7553:
7552:
7549:Anglophile Irish
7539:
7538:
7535:Irish Travellers
7525:
7524:
7520:Irish Travellers
7509:
7508:
7504:Irish Protestant
7495:
7494:
7468:
7450:
7443:
7423:
7416:
7409:
7391:
7384:
7377:
7359:
7341:
7340:
7325:
7324:
7311:
7310:
7295:
7288:
7287:
7272:
7271:
7256:
7255:
7227:
7220:
7200:
7193:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7165:
7158:
7151:
7144:
7137:
7130:
7123:
7116:
7103:
7102:
7085:
7078:
7068:Southeast Asians
7056:
7038:
7037:
7022:
7015:
7014:
6988:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6935:
6928:
6927:
6914:
6901:
6900:
6883:
6882:
6856:
6855:
6842:
6835:
6834:
6812:
6805:
6798:
6791:
6771:
6764:
6757:
6756:
6737:
6730:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6682:
6681:
6668:
6667:
6654:
6647:
6640:
6639:
6620:
6619:
6611:
6610:
6595:
6594:
6581:
6574:
6573:
6560:
6553:
6552:
6539:
6538:
6525:
6524:
6511:
6510:
6497:
6496:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6466:
6453:
6446:
6445:
6430:
6429:
6414:
6413:
6400:
6399:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6326:
6319:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6290:
6275:
6274:
6259:
6252:
6232:
6231:
6215:
6214:
6195:
6194:
6171:
6169:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6023:
6016:
6001:
6000:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5966:
5959:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5882:
5881:
5843:
5842:
5831:
5830:
5743:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5690:
5684:. Archived from
5673:
5657:
5632:
5612:
5602:
5582:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5542:. Ethnologue.com
5536:
5530:
5529:
5524:. Archived from
5507:
5501:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5442:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5406:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5362:
5359:
5353:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5325:"Siberian Yupik"
5321:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5254:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5222:
5216:
5214:
5209:. Archived from
5203:
5197:
5195:
5183:
5177:
5169:
5163:
5161:
5150:
5144:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5116:www.bigorrin.org
5108:
5102:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5072:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4988:"Inuit Nunangat"
4984:
4978:
4977:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4932:
4915:(9): A386–A393.
4900:
4894:
4893:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4831:10.7202/013937ar
4825:(1–2): 149–161.
4814:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4760:
4739:
4738:
4721:
4708:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4553:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4494:
4470:
4461:
4460:
4442:
4416:
4405:
4404:
4394:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4275:Higgins, Rawinia
4263:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4173:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4113:. 3 January 2019
4103:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4050:. pp. 1–27.
4039:
4033:
4032:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3849:
3843:
3834:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3788:UK. p. 97.
3775:
3769:
3768:
3737:
3731:
3720:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3615:. Archived from
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3481:
3470:
3469:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3389:. Archived from
3383:
3374:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3342:
3336:
3329:
3323:
3312:
3306:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3279:. Archived from
3260:
3235:
3234:
3233:. 28 April 2023.
3220:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3196:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3139:. pp. 21–.
3126:
3120:
3119:
3096:. pp. 27–.
3083:
3077:
3076:
3040:
3034:
3033:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2983:
2977:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2713:Federal Register
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2601:. June 8, 2020.
2600:
2592:
2581:
2580:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2456:
2319:Chukchi language
2129:Alaska Peninsula
2118:
2111:Alaska Peninsula
2104:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1986:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1805:Alaskan villages
1777:Northwest Arctic
1749:Alaska's Iñupiat
1672:or Polar Eskimo.
1488:words for snow.
1449:
1221:Seward Peninsula
618:native Siberians
603:native Siberians
398:Russian Far East
388:In the Eskaleut
335:to describe the
271:Aleutian Islands
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
46:Total population
43:
39:
21:
8554:
8553:
8549:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8543:
8484:
8483:
8482:
8477:
8465:
8461:
8444:
8440:
8430:
8426:
8416:
8412:
8399:
8395:
8380:
8376:
8364:
8360:
8347:
8343:
8330:
8326:
8316:
8312:
8305:
8292:
8288:
8275:
8268:
8261:
8253:
8249:
8242:
8221:
8214:
8207:
8200:
8187:
8175:
8171:
8159:
8155:
8143:
8139:
8127:
8123:
8112:
8105:
8100:Zhyd / Zhydovka
8098:
8091:
8079:
8075:
8068:
8061:
8043:
8039:
8032:
8020:
8016:
8009:
8002:
7995:
7982:
7975:
7968:
7956:
7952:
7935:
7920:
7916:
7906:
7902:
7884:
7880:
7869:
7862:
7855:
7844:
7837:
7829:
7825:
7813:
7809:
7802:
7797:
7786:
7779:
7772:
7759:
7752:
7745:
7738:
7727:
7720:
7713:
7702:
7695:
7688:
7676:
7672:
7662:
7658:
7646:
7642:
7630:
7626:
7621:
7614:
7609:
7602:
7597:
7586:
7576:
7572:
7564:Irish Catholics
7560:
7556:
7546:
7542:
7532:
7528:
7516:
7512:
7500:
7498:
7486:
7482:
7471:
7464:
7453:
7446:
7439:
7426:
7419:
7412:
7405:
7394:
7387:
7380:
7373:
7362:
7355:
7344:
7332:
7328:
7318:
7314:
7302:
7298:
7291:
7279:
7277:Dic Siôn Dafydd
7275:
7263:
7259:
7247:
7243:
7230:
7223:
7216:
7203:
7196:
7189:
7182:
7175:
7168:
7161:
7154:
7147:
7140:
7133:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7088:
7081:
7074:
7059:
7052:
7041:
7029:
7025:
7018:
7006:
7002:
6991:
6984:
6977:
6970:
6963:
6956:
6949:
6938:
6931:
6921:
6917:
6910:
6886:
6874:
6870:
6859:
6849:
6845:
6838:
6832:
6828:
6815:
6808:
6801:
6794:
6787:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6744:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6705:
6698:
6685:
6675:
6671:
6661:
6657:
6650:
6643:
6633:
6629:
6598:
6588:
6584:
6577:
6567:
6563:
6556:
6546:
6542:
6532:
6528:
6518:
6514:
6504:
6500:
6488:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6460:
6456:
6449:
6437:
6433:
6421:
6417:
6407:
6403:
6393:
6389:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6329:
6322:
6315:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6282:
6278:
6266:
6262:
6255:
6248:
6235:
6226:Native American
6222:
6218:
6206:Native American
6202:
6198:
6190:American Indian
6182:Native American
6178:
6174:
6153:
6149:
6136:
6129:
6122:
6115:
6110:Queen / Queenie
6108:
6101:
6094:
6082:
6075:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6012:
5996:
5995:North and South
5990:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5923:
5914:
5909:
5840:
5834:External videos
5829:
5811:transportation.
5766:Wayback Machine
5750:
5748:Further reading
5733:
5723:
5710:
5708:
5703:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5671:
5654:
5629:
5610:
5599:
5580:
5572:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5545:
5543:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5514:
5513:Языки эскимосов
5509:
5508:
5504:
5498:Wayback Machine
5487:Wayback Machine
5474:Wayback Machine
5467:Nikolai Vakhtin
5464:
5460:
5452:
5445:
5440:
5436:
5431:
5427:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5400:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5374:
5365:
5360:
5356:
5348:
5344:
5334:
5332:
5323:
5322:
5315:
5305:
5303:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5252:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5234:
5232:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5134:
5130:
5120:
5118:
5110:
5109:
5105:
5096:Wayback Machine
5087:
5083:
5070:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5022:
5020:
5019:. April 4, 2019
5011:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4950:
4946:
4901:
4897:
4882:10.2307/3773217
4864:
4860:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4815:
4808:
4798:
4796:
4788:
4787:
4783:
4773:
4771:
4761:
4742:
4722:
4711:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4685:. p. 327.
4673:
4669:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4643:. p. 379.
4631:
4627:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4589:
4585:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4512:
4508:
4471:
4464:
4417:
4408:
4353:
4349:
4334:
4310:. p. 353.
4300:
4296:
4289:
4264:
4257:
4226:
4222:
4193:
4189:
4181:10515/sy5sj1b75
4148:
4144:
4136:
4130:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4062:
4055:
4040:
4036:
4025:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3993:
3992:. July 12, 2012
3980:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3910:
3906:
3892:
3890:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3862:
3860:
3859:. June 19, 2020
3851:
3850:
3846:
3835:
3824:
3819:. May 24, 2016.
3815:
3814:
3810:
3796:
3776:
3772:
3758:
3750:. p. 305.
3738:
3734:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3663:
3656:
3639:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3593:
3591:
3580:
3573:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3539:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3507:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3466:
3445:
3441:
3426:
3422:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3343:
3339:
3330:
3326:
3313:
3309:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3261:
3238:
3222:
3221:
3208:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3170:
3166:
3147:
3127:
3123:
3104:
3084:
3080:
3061:
3041:
3037:
3018:
3010:. pp. 2–.
2998:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2897:
2896:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2680:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2634:
2630:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2584:
2565:
2545:
2538:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2500:
2496:
2477:
2457:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2369:
2311:Chukchi peoples
2292:Brooklyn Museum
2284:
2282:Sirenik Eskimos
2278:
2276:Sirenik Eskimos
2265:
2257:Main articles:
2255:
2220:
2214:
2198:Yupik languages
2170:Yup'ik language
2163:
2157:
2143:. Residents of
2137:Kenai Peninsula
2121:
2120:
2094:Kenai Peninsula
2077:
2073:
2038:
2034:
2027:
1992:
1988:
1964:
1934:
1930:
1906:
1898:
1835:
1829:
1801:Iñupiat Nunaŋat
1757:
1751:
1685:
1679:
1638:
1632:
1576:
1569:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1546:food insecurity
1494:
1485:
1479:
1460:Lenore Grenoble
1456:
1390:Natsilingmiutut
1271:Yupik languages
1105:
1103:Language family
1100:
1094:
1086:Birnirk culture
1038:longhouse near
979:
963:Lenore Grenoble
956:Ancestral Inuit
895:Inuit tradition
858:
780:
740:, who are not.
614:Lamellar armour
592:
429:
423:
418:
394:Yupik languages
390:language family
302:Northern Canada
210:
206:
158:
118:
116:
100:
85:
84:
82:
80:
78:
76:
74:
72:
71:
69:
67:
66:
64:
62:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8552:
8542:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8479:
8478:
8476:
8475:
8459:
8438:
8424:
8410:
8393:
8374:
8358:
8341:
8324:
8310:
8303:
8285:
8283:
8277:
8276:
8274:
8273:
8266:
8259:
8247:
8239:
8237:
8223:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8212:
8205:
8197:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8185:
8169:
8153:
8137:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8110:
8103:
8096:
8089:
8073:
8066:
8059:
8037:
8030:
8024:Ashkenazi Jews
8014:
8007:
8000:
7992:
7990:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7980:
7973:
7966:
7949:
7947:
7941:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7934:
7933:
7914:
7900:
7877:
7875:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7867:
7860:
7852:
7850:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7842:
7835:
7823:
7807:
7800:
7794:
7792:
7788:
7787:
7785:
7784:
7777:
7769:
7767:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7750:
7743:
7735:
7733:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7725:
7718:
7710:
7708:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7693:
7686:
7680:South Italians
7670:
7656:
7640:
7624:
7619:
7612:
7607:
7600:
7594:
7592:
7588:
7587:
7585:
7584:
7570:
7554:
7540:
7526:
7510:
7496:
7479:
7477:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7469:
7461:
7459:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7451:
7444:
7436:
7434:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7417:
7410:
7402:
7400:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7392:
7385:
7378:
7370:
7368:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7342:
7326:
7312:
7296:
7289:
7273:
7257:
7251:English people
7240:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7225:Turco-Albanian
7221:
7213:
7211:
7205:
7204:
7202:
7201:
7194:
7187:
7180:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7145:
7138:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7109:
7107:
7100:
7094:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7079:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7064:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7023:
7016:
6999:
6997:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6982:
6975:
6968:
6961:
6954:
6946:
6944:
6943:Bengali Hindus
6940:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6929:
6915:
6907:
6905:
6898:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6867:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6857:
6843:
6836:
6825:
6823:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6806:
6799:
6792:
6784:
6782:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6765:
6758:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6710:
6703:
6695:
6693:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6669:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6626:
6624:
6617:
6608:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6582:
6575:
6561:
6554:
6540:
6526:
6512:
6498:
6492:Newfoundlander
6482:
6475:
6468:
6454:
6447:
6431:
6415:
6401:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6341:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6276:
6260:
6253:
6245:
6243:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6233:
6216:
6196:
6172:
6146:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6080:
6073:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6014:Alligator bait
6009:
6007:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5908:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5885:
5879:
5878:
5872:
5863:
5851:
5850:
5836:
5835:
5828:
5827:External links
5825:
5824:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5805:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5768:
5756:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5744:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5717:
5701:
5680:
5658:
5652:
5633:
5627:
5603:
5597:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5553:
5531:
5520:(in Russian).
5502:
5458:
5443:
5434:
5425:
5416:
5407:
5398:
5389:
5380:
5363:
5354:
5342:
5331:on May 8, 2021
5313:
5287:
5262:
5257:Alutiiq Museum
5241:
5217:
5213:on 2015-01-06.
5198:
5164:
5145:
5128:
5103:
5081:
5052:
5030:
5004:
4979:
4964:
4955:
4944:
4895:
4876:(3): 220–240.
4858:
4844:
4806:
4781:
4740:
4709:
4691:
4667:
4649:
4625:
4607:
4597:. Non-Series.
4583:
4565:
4506:
4483:10.1101/203018
4462:
4406:
4347:
4332:
4294:
4287:
4255:
4220:
4187:
4142:
4124:
4098:
4080:
4074:. p. 60.
4053:
4034:
4023:
4003:
3973:
3946:
3919:
3904:
3889:. July 8, 2020
3874:
3844:
3822:
3808:
3794:
3770:
3756:
3732:
3715:
3694:
3678:
3654:
3630:
3601:
3571:
3553:
3530:
3497:
3471:
3464:
3439:
3420:
3403:
3375:
3362:
3355:
3337:
3324:
3307:
3294:
3236:
3206:
3188:
3180:Waveland Press
3164:
3145:
3121:
3102:
3078:
3059:
3035:
3016:
2992:
2978:
2964:
2938:
2921:
2887:
2854:
2836:
2814:
2796:
2774:
2749:
2722:
2700:
2671:
2660:. May 24, 2016
2643:
2628:
2607:
2582:
2563:
2536:
2518:
2494:
2475:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2437:Saqqaq culture
2434:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2414:Inuit religion
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:Eskimo kissing
2396:
2394:Eskimo kinship
2391:
2389:Eskimo archery
2386:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2299:language shift
2280:Main article:
2277:
2274:
2254:
2251:
2227:Siberian Yupik
2218:Siberian Yupik
2216:Main article:
2213:
2212:Siberian Yupik
2210:
2159:Main article:
2156:
2153:
2125:Bethel, Alaska
2116:Koniag Alutiiq
2084:Alaska Natives
1972:Promyshlenniki
1927:Alutiiq people
1907:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1878:marine mammals
1874:Siberian Yupik
1831:Main article:
1828:
1825:
1785:Bering Straits
1769:Noatak, Alaska
1753:Main article:
1750:
1747:
1689:Inuit Nunangat
1681:Main article:
1678:
1677:Canadian Inuit
1675:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1654:
1634:Main article:
1631:
1628:
1620:marine mammals
1567:Lists of Inuit
1558:
1555:
1510:Historically,
1508:
1507:
1493:
1490:
1481:Main article:
1478:
1472:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1446:(Sirenikskiy)
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1415:
1401:
1379:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:(700 speakers)
1359:
1353:
1347:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1321:Aleut language
1309:
1287:Siberian Yupik
1177:Inuit language
1138:The number of
1104:
1101:
1096:Main article:
1093:
1090:
1036:Dorset culture
1025:Aleutian Chain
978:
975:
944:Alaska Natives
857:
854:
814:in singular).
779:
776:
758:, such as the
599:Laminar armour
591:
588:
449:Siberian Yupik
422:
419:
417:
414:
408:. The extinct
400:as well as on
196:
195:
189:
188:
184:
183:
148:Inuit religion
140:
139:
135:
134:
93:
92:
88:
87:
58:
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8551:
8540:
8539:Modern nomads
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8471:
8470:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8450:
8449:
8443:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8411:
8406:
8405:
8398:
8394:
8390:
8384:
8379:
8375:
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8325:
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8299:
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8256:
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8232:
8228:
8224:
8217:
8213:
8210:
8206:
8203:
8199:
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8174:
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8119:
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8055:
8054:
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8042:
8038:
8035:
8031:
8026:
8025:
8019:
8015:
8012:
8008:
8005:
8001:
7998:
7997:Christ killer
7994:
7993:
7991:
7989:
7985:
7978:
7974:
7971:
7967:
7962:
7961:
7955:
7951:
7950:
7948:
7946:
7942:
7929:
7928:
7925:
7919:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7901:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7889:
7883:
7882:Bulgarophiles
7879:
7878:
7876:
7872:
7865:
7861:
7858:
7854:
7853:
7851:
7847:
7840:
7836:
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7824:
7820:
7818:
7812:
7808:
7805:
7801:
7796:
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7755:
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7730:
7723:
7719:
7716:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7698:
7694:
7691:
7687:
7682:
7681:
7675:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7660:Sheep shagger
7657:
7652:
7651:
7645:
7641:
7636:
7635:
7629:
7625:
7620:
7617:
7613:
7608:
7605:
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7460:
7456:
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7418:
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7411:
7408:
7404:
7403:
7401:
7397:
7390:
7386:
7383:
7379:
7376:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7365:
7358:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7338:
7337:
7331:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7313:
7308:
7307:
7301:
7300:Sheep shagger
7297:
7294:
7290:
7285:
7284:
7278:
7274:
7269:
7268:
7262:
7258:
7253:
7252:
7246:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7233:
7226:
7222:
7219:
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7210:
7206:
7199:
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7167:
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7160:
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7143:
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7110:
7108:
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7066:
7055:
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7017:
7012:
7011:
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6998:
6994:
6987:
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6862:
6853:
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6831:
6827:
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6811:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6793:
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6770:
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6763:
6759:
6754:
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6725:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6711:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6697:
6696:
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6692:
6688:
6679:
6674:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6656:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6605:
6592:
6587:
6586:Yank / Yankee
6583:
6580:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6499:
6494:
6493:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6476:
6473:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6448:
6443:
6442:
6436:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6420:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6359:Trailer trash
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6288:
6287:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6271:
6265:
6261:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6247:
6246:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6229:
6227:
6221:
6217:
6212:
6211:
6210:First Nations
6207:
6201:
6197:
6192:
6191:
6187:
6186:First Nations
6183:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6132:
6128:
6125:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6107:
6104:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5999:
5993:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5975:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5943:Black Diamond
5940:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5917:
5913:
5906:
5901:
5899:
5894:
5892:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5847:
5837:
5832:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5782:Inuit Culture
5780:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5741:
5737:
5730:
5725:
5724:
5706:
5702:
5687:
5683:
5677:
5670:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5634:
5630:
5628:92-3-102661-5
5624:
5620:
5616:
5609:
5604:
5600:
5598:92-3-102661-5
5594:
5590:
5586:
5579:
5574:
5573:
5562:
5557:
5541:
5535:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5506:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5462:
5455:
5450:
5448:
5438:
5429:
5420:
5411:
5402:
5393:
5384:
5377:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5358:
5351:
5346:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5318:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5276:
5272:
5266:
5258:
5251:
5245:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5191:
5187:
5184:(= "The term
5181:
5174:
5168:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5085:
5078:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5040:
5034:
5018:
5014:
5008:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4976:. U.S. G.P.O.
4975:
4968:
4959:
4953:
4948:
4940:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4914:
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4906:
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4755:
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4694:
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4415:
4413:
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4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
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4351:
4343:
4339:
4335:
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4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
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4284:
4280:
4276:
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4262:
4260:
4250:
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4236:
4231:
4224:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4164:(3): iii–iv.
4163:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4146:
4135:
4128:
4112:
4108:
4107:"ICC Charter"
4102:
4094:
4083:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4060:
4058:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4030:
4026:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4007:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3893:September 25,
3888:
3884:
3878:
3871:
3863:September 25,
3858:
3854:
3848:
3841:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3812:
3805:
3801:
3797:
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3704:
3698:
3690:
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3674:
3673:
3668:
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3659:
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3649:
3644:
3637:
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3614:
3613:
3605:
3589:
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3567:
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3537:
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3518:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3467:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3448:Goddard, Ives
3443:
3435:
3432:(in French).
3431:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3393:on 2012-06-20
3392:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3372:
3366:
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3328:
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3298:
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3266:
3259:
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3241:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3202:
3191:
3185:
3182:. p. 8.
3181:
3177:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3152:
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3138:
3134:
3133:
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2624:
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2604:
2597:
2591:
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2587:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2541:
2532:
2521:
2515:
2512:. p. 2.
2511:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2455:
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2438:
2435:
2432:
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2427:
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2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Blond Eskimos
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2334:lingua franca
2331:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2273:
2270:
2264:
2260:
2259:Naukan people
2250:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2200:. Of all the
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2186:Nelson Island
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:Kodiak Island
2130:
2126:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2068:
2032:
2031:
2022:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1928:
1920:
1919:Kodiak Island
1916:
1911:
1904:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1880:, especially
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1833:Yupik peoples
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:Arctic Circle
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1712:Amundsen Gulf
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1624:Inuit culture
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1598:and northern
1597:
1589:
1588:Nelson Island
1585:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1564:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:country foods
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Inuit cuisine
1503:
1498:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1445:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1400:765 speakers)
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:, changes to
1214:
1211:, changes to
1210:
1207:, changes to
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1040:Cambridge Bay
1037:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:Paleo-Indians
974:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
932:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
782:In 1977, the
775:
773:
769:
765:
764:Alaska Native
761:
757:
753:
748:
747:
746:Alaska Native
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
701:
700:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
626:
619:
615:
611:
604:
600:
596:
587:
585:
581:
580:Samuel Hearne
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
515:Innu language
512:
508:
507:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
428:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
350:Alaska Native
346:
342:
341:First Nations
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
234:
204:
203:
194:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
94:
89:
68:United States
59:
54:
49:
44:
33:
19:
8467:
8446:
8432:
8418:
8414:Reffo / Balt
8401:
8383:non-believer
8382:
8366:
8349:
8332:
8318:
8294:
8254:
8177:
8161:
8145:
8129:
8081:
8051:
8045:
8022:
7958:
7922:
7908:
7892:
7886:
7830:
7814:
7678:
7664:
7648:
7632:
7578:
7562:
7548:
7534:
7518:
7502:
7488:
7334:
7321:Welsh people
7320:
7306:Welsh people
7304:
7281:
7265:
7249:
7031:
7008:
6923:
6896:South Asians
6876:
6852:also Chinese
6851:
6840:Gaoli bangzi
6830:Ban-jjokbari
6752:
6746:
6677:
6663:
6635:
6590:
6569:
6548:
6534:
6520:
6506:
6490:
6462:
6439:
6423:
6409:
6395:
6352:Swamp Yankee
6284:
6267:
6224:
6204:
6180:
6176:Indian/Injun
6155:
6150:
5921:by ethnicity
5912:Ethnic slurs
5866:
5857:
5845:
5735:
5728:
5711:November 30,
5709:. Retrieved
5693:. Retrieved
5686:the original
5667:
5642:. New York:
5638:
5614:
5584:
5556:
5544:. Retrieved
5534:
5526:the original
5518:ICC Chukotka
5517:
5505:
5478:
5461:
5454:Vakhtin 1998
5437:
5428:
5419:
5410:
5401:
5392:
5383:
5357:
5350:Vakhtin 1998
5345:
5333:. Retrieved
5329:the original
5304:. Retrieved
5300:the original
5290:
5278:. Retrieved
5274:
5265:
5256:
5244:
5233:. Retrieved
5229:
5220:
5211:the original
5201:
5185:
5179:
5167:
5157:
5148:
5136:
5131:
5119:. Retrieved
5115:
5106:
5098:
5084:
5076:
5069:. Retrieved
5064:
5055:
5043:. Retrieved
5033:
5021:. Retrieved
5007:
4995:. Retrieved
4982:
4973:
4967:
4958:
4947:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4873:
4867:
4861:
4847:
4822:
4818:
4799:November 25,
4797:. Retrieved
4793:
4784:
4772:. Retrieved
4729:
4704:Google Books
4702:– via
4696:. Retrieved
4677:
4670:
4662:Google Books
4660:– via
4654:. Retrieved
4635:
4628:
4620:Google Books
4618:– via
4612:. Retrieved
4593:
4586:
4568:
4525:
4519:
4509:
4474:
4430:
4424:
4366:
4360:
4350:
4324:10072/380836
4303:
4297:
4278:
4239:
4233:
4223:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4161:
4155:
4145:
4127:
4115:. Retrieved
4101:
4093:Google Books
4091:– via
4085:. Retrieved
4066:
4043:
4037:
4029:Google Books
4027:– via
4013:
4006:
3996:December 12,
3994:. Retrieved
3985:
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3958:
3949:
3937:. Retrieved
3931:
3922:
3913:
3907:
3898:
3891:. Retrieved
3877:
3868:
3861:. Retrieved
3847:
3839:
3811:
3803:
3800:Google Books
3798:– via
3780:
3773:
3765:
3762:Google Books
3760:– via
3742:
3735:
3727:
3722:Usage note,
3718:
3706:. Retrieved
3697:
3687:
3681:
3670:
3646:
3623:December 19,
3621:. Retrieved
3617:the original
3611:
3604:
3592:. Retrieved
3588:the original
3566:Google Books
3564:– via
3558:. Retrieved
3543:
3521:. Retrieved
3515:. Bartleby.
3512:
3489:. Retrieved
3451:
3442:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3395:. Retrieved
3391:the original
3370:
3365:
3346:
3340:
3332:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3281:the original
3268:
3230:
3225:
3201:Google Books
3199:– via
3193:. Retrieved
3174:
3167:
3159:Google Books
3157:– via
3131:
3124:
3116:Google Books
3114:– via
3088:
3081:
3073:Google Books
3071:– via
3045:
3038:
3030:Google Books
3028:– via
3002:
2995:
2981:
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2951:the original
2941:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2902:
2878:. Retrieved
2869:
2848:
2839:
2831:the original
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2752:
2744:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2712:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2688:congress.gov
2687:
2662:. Retrieved
2655:
2646:
2631:
2602:
2577:Google Books
2575:– via
2549:
2531:Google Books
2529:– via
2523:. Retrieved
2504:
2497:
2489:Google Books
2487:– via
2461:
2428:
2404:Eskimo yo-yo
2357:
2353:
2338:
2327:
2315:
2296:
2266:
2235:
2230:
2205:
2193:
2189:
2174:Norton Sound
2165:
2164:
2122:
1929:(pronounced
1924:
1847:
1800:
1774:
1767:family from
1724:
1698:live in the
1693:
1686:
1639:
1593:
1549:
1538:Western diet
1509:
1486:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1398:Uummarmiutun
1382:Inuvialuktun
1313:Eskimo–Aleut
1312:
1306:
1295:
1291:
1268:
1233:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:Norton Sound
1185:
1174:
1137:
1129:Eskimo–Aleut
1126:
1116:
1082:Thule people
1078:
1063:
1051:Paleo-Eskimo
1048:
1012:Paleo-Eskimo
1008:Eskimo–Aleut
980:
970:
966:
960:
955:
951:
947:
940:Paleo-Eskimo
939:
935:
929:
927:
923:Sivullirmiut
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:Palaeoeskimo
902:
898:
894:
884:
879:
875:
872:Paleo-Eskimo
871:
867:
861:
859:
850:Paleo-Eskimo
849:
845:
841:
837:
835:
830:
818:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
781:
771:
763:
744:
742:
729:
725:
704:
697:
693:
689:
687:
649:
640:
636:
632:
630:
624:
622:
583:
575:
573:
568:
564:
552:
550:
545:
541:
533:
530:José Mailhot
527:
522:
510:
504:
496:
489:Ives Goddard
484:
482:
416:Nomenclature
387:
375:
348:
332:
328:
324:
320:
318:
296:(Russia) to
283:
274:
201:
200:
199:
160:Christianity
37:Ethnic group
8083:German Jews
8053:Crypto-Jews
7888:Macedonians
7831:(Mercheros)
7490:Republicans
7382:China Swede
6965:Danchi babu
6878:Benshengren
6714:Ching chong
6615:East Asians
6366:White trash
6049:House Negro
5617:. Vendôme:
5587:. Vendôme:
5561:Kaplan 1990
5491:Н.Б. Вахтин
5061:"Inupiatun"
4698:November 7,
4656:November 5,
4614:November 7,
4046:. Calgary:
3672:Global News
3523:January 13,
3287:December 3,
3269:www.uaf.edu
3195:November 5,
2899:"Greenland"
2849:FactMonster
2525:November 5,
2384:Disc number
2345:dual number
2178:Bristol Bay
1781:North Slope
1739:Nunatsiavut
1652:Kalaallisut
1516:Greenlandic
1466:instead of
1464:Inuit–Yupik
1422:Greenlandic
1418:Kalaallisut
1412:Inuinnaqtun
1394:Inuinnaqtun
1277:(Sugpiaq),
1244:Kalaallisut
1017:Chukchi Sea
969:instead of
967:Inuit–Yupik
952:Paleo Inuit
907:Paleo-Inuit
897:to replace
870:instead of
868:Paleo-Inuit
844:instead of
842:Paleo-Inuit
772:Inuit-Yupik
762:. The term
760:Eyak people
724:. Although
663:Kalaallisut
605:and Eskimos
578:comes from
473:Nunatsiavut
435:Map of the
310:Nunatsiavut
110:Greenlandic
8488:Categories
8125:Blackfella
8107:Żydokomuna
7918:Yestonians
7849:Ukrainians
7665:Sardinians
7650:Sardinians
7644:Sardegnolo
7610:Greaseball
7357:Cheesehead
7170:Mat Salleh
7083:Vietnamese
7046:Pakistanis
6847:Sangokujin
6810:Xiao Riben
6652:Sangokujin
6507:Oklahomans
6472:Half-breed
6338:Peckerwood
6142:Indigenous
6096:Pickaninny
6028:Black Buck
5860:Manuscript
5235:2023-05-07
4271:Rewi, Poia
4242:: 101165.
3966:August 30,
3939:August 30,
3870:injustice.
3840:Ethnologue
3746:. Oxford:
3609:"Eskimo".
3491:2012-06-13
3397:2012-06-13
3373:2-2:59–70.
3223:"Eskimo".
3155:1077854782
3026:1091560161
2573:1048661404
2510:De Gruyter
2409:Eskimology
2092:and outer
1915:Old Harbor
1696:Inuvialuit
1661:Tunumiisut
1600:Bering Sea
1474:Words for
1192:Unalakleet
1066:pre-Dorset
1053:cultures (
936:Neo-Eskimo
899:Neo-Eskimo
825:(Canada),
823:Inuvialuit
750:unrelated
714:section 35
706:Section 25
497:ayas̆kimew
493:Innu-aimun
461:Inuvialuit
365:, and the
257:) and the
8319:immigrant
8307:Barbarian
8281:Outsiders
8117:Oceanians
8047:Conversos
7927:Estonians
7924:Russified
7791:Spaniards
7781:Serbomans
7628:Polentone
7574:West Brit
7466:Grecomans
7389:Finnjävel
7209:Albanians
7098:Europeans
7076:Filipinos
6864:Taiwanese
6742:Jook-sing
6591:Americans
6521:Americans
6410:Canadians
6270:Bahamians
6131:Uncle Tom
5997:Americans
5950:Boerehaat
5695:April 22,
5644:Routledge
5476:'s book:
4869:Ethnology
4839:128785932
4528:: 21179.
4342:150673555
4308:Routledge
3112:247186607
3069:250009148
2845:"Eskimos"
2485:496983776
2444:Citations
2184:, and on
2180:, on the
1977:Алеутъ, "
1854:Kuskokwim
1789:Utqiaġvik
1737:) and in
1648:Kalaallit
1404:Inuktitut
1269:The four
1240:Kalaallit
1170:fricative
1092:Languages
915:pre-Inuit
891:Groswater
827:Kalaallit
743:The term
699:Inuktitut
659:Kalaallit
623:The term
576:Esquimaux
565:askamiciw
546:Esquimaux
528:In 1978,
421:Etymology
367:Tsimshian
314:Greenland
290:subarctic
152:Shamanism
91:Languages
86:Greenland
79:- Nunavut
18:Esquimaux
8455:Shkutzim
8352:Japanese
7960:Shi'ites
7817:Catalans
7804:Gachupín
7732:Russians
7591:Italians
7330:Teuchter
7261:Crachach
7184:Wasi'chu
6796:Jjokbari
6780:Japanese
6748:overseas
6707:Chinaman
6549:Chileans
6425:Mestizos
6396:Mexicans
6124:Tar-Baby
6056:Jim Crow
5971:Golliwog
5957:Choc ice
5928:Africans
5762:Archived
5721:Cyrillic
5546:June 13,
5494:Archived
5483:Archived
5470:Archived
5335:April 3,
5306:April 3,
5280:June 12,
5121:June 20,
5092:Archived
5045:April 2,
5023:April 3,
4997:April 3,
4939:20810341
4774:April 3,
4599:ABC-CLIO
4560:26884149
4501:90288469
4449:25170159
4433:(6200).
4401:22801491
4277:(eds.).
4117:April 3,
3986:UCL News
3887:CBC News
3857:CBC News
3708:April 1,
3594:June 13,
3560:June 13,
3517:Archived
3509:"Eskimo"
3450:(1984).
2957:July 17,
2914:April 3,
2880:July 20,
2693:July 14,
2664:July 14,
2367:See also
2363:branch.
2307:Sireniki
2246:Savoonga
2149:Seldovia
2145:Nanwalek
2109:and the
1866:Chukotka
1743:Labrador
1714:and the
1706:and the
1666:Inughuit
1657:Tunumiit
1616:Labrador
1582:Eskimo (
1386:Siglitun
1260:Inughuit
1248:Tunumiit
1164:alveolar
1144:bilabial
754:and the
690:Inuinnaq
679:Inughuit
667:Tunumiit
616:worn by
542:Esquimau
511:assime·w
501:snowshoe
237:) is an
138:Religion
81:- Quebec
70:- Alaska
8494:Eskimos
8442:Shegetz
8404:Chinese
8368:non-Jew
8251:Gypsies
8244:Didicoy
8173:Coconut
8041:Marrano
7970:Raghead
7857:Khokhol
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