1316:
284:
1351:
52:
2546:
851:
1390:
839:
1438:
1374:
1454:
1422:
1358:
1406:
2694:) it seems to have been his practice to close with a few words in his own handwriting, as a precaution against such forgeries... In the present case he writes a whole paragraph, summing up the main lessons of the epistle in terse, eager, disjointed sentences. He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr.
3210:
2525:
finds it likely that Paul first collected his letters for publication himself. It was normal practice in Paul's time for letter writers to keep one copy for themselves and send a second copy to the recipient(s); surviving collections of ancient letters sometimes originated from the senders' copies,
1010:
questioned its authorship), but from the 16th century onwards opinion steadily moved against
Pauline authorship and few scholars now ascribe it to Paul, mostly because it does not read like any of his other epistles in style and content and because the epistle does not indicate that Paul is the
2489:
The
Marcionite Epistle to the Laodiceans. The Muratorian fragment (2nd century CE) denounces a claimed Epistle to the Laodiceans as another spurious work forged by Marcion of Sinope. Its text has been lost and nothing is known about its
1579:, although anonymous and not really in the form of a letter, has long been included among Paul's collected letters. Although some churches ascribe Hebrews to Paul, neither most of Christianity nor modern scholarship does so.
2629:, publ. Geoffrey Chapman, 1989, chapter 60, at p. 920, col. 2 "That Paul is neither directly nor indirectly the author is now the view of scholars almost without exception. For details, see Kümmel, I N T 392–94, 401–03"
2453:, a correspondence of two letters allegedly sent by the Corinthians to Paul, and then a reply letter allegedly sent by Paul to the Church of Corinth. It was considered genuine for some time by the
2708:
1992:
This ordering is remarkably consistent in the manuscript tradition, with very few deviations. The evident principle of organization is descending length of the Greek text, but keeping the three
2305:. In B, Galatians ends and Ephesians begins on the same side of the same folio (page 1493); similarly 2 Thessalonians ends and Hebrews begins on the same side of the same folio (page 1512).
2526:
at other times from the recipients' copies. A collection of Paul's letters circulated separately from other early
Christian writings and later became part of the New Testament. When the
1344:, the author and writer does claim to be Paul. The contested letters may have been written using Paul's name, as it was common to attribute at that point in history.
3608:
1552:
by many scholars (traditional dating given): The content of these letters strongly suggests they were written a decade or more later than the traditional dates.
1315:
1525:
The three letters on which scholars are about evenly divided: If these letters are inauthentic, then the consensus dates are probably incorrect.
3293:
4225:
4107:
2921:
1350:
2269:
1469:
1003:
741:
4184:
2948:
1996:
addressed to individuals in a separate final section. The only anomaly is that
Galatians precedes the slightly longer Ephesians.
4092:
4087:
882:
4102:
2931:
2788:
2794:
3793:
17:
1022:(also called the general epistles) in modern editions. Most Greek manuscripts place the general epistles first, and a few
3899:
1166:
801:
115:
2686:, and the concluding paragraph is written with his own hand. From the time when letters began to be forged in his name (
4220:
3894:
3755:
3143:
3038:
2640:
1331:
1156:
796:
110:
66:
3141:
Haines-Eitzen, Kim. "'Girls
Trained in Beautiful Writing': Female Scribes in Roman Antiquity and Early Christianity."
994:) is widely debated. According to some scholars, Paul wrote the questionable letters with the help of a secretary, or
3862:
3171:. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1974. 281–297. idem, "On the Form, Function, and Authority of the New Testament Letters."
2981:
2732:
2506:
1196:
771:
85:
3980:
3857:
3708:
3286:
3257:
2569:
2564:
2450:
1186:
919:
are some of the earliest extant
Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of
766:
80:
2820:
4309:
4240:
2501:. Theories vary, but it was possibly made as a counterforgery to offset the popularity of the Marcionite epistle.
4304:
3202:
3099:
3090:
3075:
2653:
2283:
between Romans and 1 Corinthians (i.e., in order by length without splitting the
Epistles to the Corinthians):
243:
4230:
2691:
4194:
2886:
2687:
283:
210:
4189:
2875:
2864:
2394:
Paul's own writings are sometimes thought to indicate several of his letters that have not been preserved:
2372:
4299:
4273:
3703:
3279:
3084:
2464:
34:
1324:
3877:
2908:
2897:
2498:
2208:
2100:
1241:
875:
786:
185:
100:
3995:
3249:
4294:
3909:
3888:
3882:
2483:
2458:
2420:
2321:
1287:
1255:
811:
791:
703:
556:
165:
125:
105:
3904:
3872:
3867:
3603:
3564:
2442:
Several other epistles were attributed to Paul during the course of history but are now considered
2022:
1699:
1482:
1277:
1262:
1141:
939:
806:
781:
776:
120:
95:
90:
3131:. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. New Testament. Ed. Dan O. Via, Jr. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1988.
3073:. "The Problem of Anonymity and Pseudonymity in Christian Literature of the First Two Centuries."
4210:
4082:
3939:
3800:
3540:
2675:
1023:
175:
3266:
2527:
2443:
4066:
3949:
3934:
3924:
3516:
2454:
2333:
2253:
1965:
1576:
1341:
999:
180:
412:
4015:
3954:
3944:
3852:
3227:. Library of Early Christianity. Vol. 8. Ed. Wayne A. Meeks. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1989.
2923:
Sacra
Scriptura: How "Non-Canonical" Texts Functioned in Early Judaism and Early Christianity
2113:
1618:
1506:
1211:
943:
868:
761:
75:
4215:
4135:
3847:
3760:
3670:
3436:
3323:
3055:
Paul's Large
Letters: Pauline Subscriptions in the Light of Ancient Epistolary Conventions.
2364:
2360:
2279:
The placement of
Hebrews among the Pauline epistles is less consistent in the manuscripts:
1529:
1015:
530:
505:
399:
273:
215:
407:
8:
4157:
4122:
3919:
3598:
3381:
3351:
2472:
2356:
2273:
2185:
1939:
1518:
1488:
1248:
955:
843:
821:
135:
3110:. Eds. Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2000. 857–864.
2997:
2597:
4049:
3964:
3770:
3765:
3727:
3650:
3613:
3593:
3523:
3150:
3028:
2559:
2510:
2383:
2368:
2325:
2313:
1500:
938:
Most scholars believe that Paul actually wrote seven of the thirteen Pauline epistles (
928:
920:
623:
608:
372:
314:
236:
160:
3244:
3211:
Qualitative nouns in the Pauline epistles and their translation in the revised version
3189:. Tübingen: Mohr, 1991. idem, "The Codex and the Early Collection of Paul's Letters."
4250:
4059:
4054:
3827:
3737:
3680:
3501:
3491:
3341:
3214:
3168:
3034:
2977:
2927:
2784:
2728:
2649:
2494:
2476:
1993:
1970:
1494:
1019:
708:
683:
551:
2409:
A third epistle to Corinth, written in between 1 and 2 Corinthians, also called the
4235:
4130:
4112:
4032:
3990:
3929:
3914:
3805:
3693:
3486:
3431:
3411:
3391:
2329:
2309:
2257:
2221:
1913:
1568:
1320:
1297:
979:
932:
912:
816:
474:
266:
205:
130:
51:
42:
3175:. Eds. D.A. Carson and John D. Woodbridge. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983. 101–114.
3153:. "The New Testament." New Haven and London: Yale University Press: 2017. 570–574.
2974:
Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics
4027:
4005:
3959:
3506:
3466:
3441:
3371:
3346:
3331:
3261:
2778:
2379:
2317:
2302:
2118:
2064:
2059:
2046:
2041:
1834:
1807:
1549:
1007:
983:
967:
963:
357:
4263:
4245:
4179:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3788:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3559:
3535:
3496:
3446:
3426:
3396:
3376:
3361:
3356:
3336:
3302:
3195:
Paul and First-Century Letter Writing: Secretaries, Composition, and Collection
3024:
2522:
2497:, but is widely considered a forgery, and is largely a copy of verses from the
2437:
1944:
1562:
1335:
1039:
998:, who would have influenced their style, if not their theological content. The
924:
718:
713:
668:
2950:
Biblical Commentary on St. Paul's First and Second Epistles to the Corinthians
2848:
2808:
2698:), that his handwriting may reflect the energy and determination of his soul."
2615:
Paul and First-Century Letter Writing: Secretaries, Composition and Collection
4288:
4010:
3819:
3688:
3554:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3451:
3421:
3319:
2410:
2349:
2345:
2292:
2288:
2095:
2077:
1892:
1866:
1672:
1645:
1556:
1035:
1031:
1027:
951:
947:
908:
673:
515:
453:
309:
298:
229:
2750:
The New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle to the Hebrews
2617:. Downers Grove, IL; Leicester, England: InterVarsity Press; Apollos, 2004.
4268:
4168:
4097:
3999:
3461:
3456:
3416:
3386:
3366:
3314:
3218:
2824:
2551:
2424:
1840:
1813:
1444:
855:
736:
678:
510:
170:
1478:
Seven letters (with consensus dates) considered genuine by most scholars:
4151:
3747:
3665:
3660:
3574:
3569:
3401:
2969:
2642:
The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance
2534:
and Paul's letters were the core of what would become the New Testament.
2341:
2337:
2149:
1918:
1753:
1587:
In the order they appear in the New Testament, the Pauline epistles are:
1512:
959:
3985:
3254:
2659:
4140:
3163:
Longenecker, Richard N. "Ancient Amanuenses and the Pauline Epistles."
3070:
2683:
2468:
2284:
2167:
1780:
1535:
995:
991:
850:
723:
500:
485:
3200:
Robson, E. Iliff. "Composition and Dictation in New Testament Books."
3088:
28 (1966): 465–477. idem, "The Subscriptions in the Pauline Letters."
3655:
3271:
2239:
2226:
2203:
2131:
1887:
1861:
1726:
1541:
987:
975:
971:
618:
536:
2513:. They are universally considered a forgery from the 4th century CE.
2308:
between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy (i.e., before the Pastorals):
2298:
between 2 Corinthians and Galatians: minuscules 1930, 1978, and 2248
4162:
3732:
3719:
3698:
3645:
3640:
3234:. Vol. 10. Ed. Leander E. Keck. Nashville: Abingdon, 2002. 369–391.
2493:
The Latin Epistle to the Laodiceans. It is found in some old Latin
2461:, but is now widely dated in the second half of the 2nd century CE.
1786:
1759:
1428:
1412:
638:
495:
347:
337:
318:
303:
2475:(2nd century CE), which denounces it as a spurious work forged by
4174:
4039:
2855:, Volume 23 #12, published 1 December 2003, accessed 12 June 2023
2509:, a collection of correspondence claiming to be between Paul and
2416:
An earlier epistle to the Ephesians referenced at Ephesians 3:3-4
2261:
2082:
2027:
1732:
1705:
1678:
1651:
1396:
1380:
1364:
966:), while three of the epistles in Paul's name are widely seen as
916:
838:
653:
613:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
541:
525:
469:
464:
443:
438:
392:
342:
3082:
Bahr, Gordon J. "Paul and Letter Writing in the First Century."
2601:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2479:. Its text has been lost and nothing is known about its content.
4145:
4022:
3406:
2531:
2265:
663:
520:
490:
459:
387:
362:
352:
1042:) place the Pauline epistles at the end of the New Testament.
3306:
3138:. Vol. 1. Ed. David Noel Freedman. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
2752:. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eardmans Publishing Co. p. 3.
2582:
2301:
between Galatians and Ephesians: implied by the numbering in
915:, although the authorship of some is in dispute. Among these
730:
648:
643:
633:
628:
577:
546:
480:
448:
433:
382:
377:
367:
3124:. Trans. Alexander Grieve. 1901. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1988.
2727:. New Canaan, PA: St. Tikhon's Seminary Press. p. 408.
982:). Whether Paul wrote the three other epistles in his name (
2920:
Charlesworth, James H.; McDonald, Lee Martin (2014-04-24).
2682:
writes: "At this point the apostle takes the pen from his
2244:
2190:
2172:
2154:
2136:
1624:
1460:
1323:
of the Pauline epistles, written in 1517, preserved in the
927:
of the New Testament, they are foundational texts for both
3180:
Paul the Letter-Writer: His World, His Options, His Skills
2761:
2759:
3230:
Wall, Robert W. "Introduction to Epistolary Literature."
3117:. Interpreting Biblical Texts. Nashville: Abingdon, 1996.
2413:, referenced at 2 Corinthians 2:4 and 2 Corinthians 7:8-9
658:
27:
Books of the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle
2260:. This practice was popularized through the 4th century
2756:
3213:". Chicago, Illonis: The University of Chicago Press.
2467:, an alleged epistle written by Paul to the Church of
2398:
A first, or "zeroth", epistle to Corinth, also called
2256:
is placed at the end of Paul's letters and before the
2919:
2541:
1014:
The Pauline epistles are usually placed between the
2783:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2008. pp. 1806–1807.
2976:. Oxford University Press. p. 452–458.
3097:Bauckham, Richard J. "Pseudo-Apostolic Letters."
4286:
3245:The Marcionite Prologues to the Pauline Epistles
3106:Carson, D.A. "Pseudonymity and Pseudepigraphy."
3019:
3017:
3287:
3014:
876:
237:
3158:A Theological Introduction to Paul's Letters
2268:, who was aware of ancient doubts about its
2747:
2431:
2406:, possibly referenced at 1 Corinthians 5:9.
2252:In modern editions, the formally anonymous
3294:
3280:
3064:
2680:Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians
2400:A Prior Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians
1002:, although it does not bear his name, was
883:
869:
244:
230:
155:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2946:
3267:MS 484/13 Epistolae cum glossis at OPenn
3023:
2765:
2389:
2276:manuscripts with hardly any exceptions.
2272:, and is also followed in most medieval
1473:Locations where Paul's letters were sent
1314:
3225:Letter Writing in Greco-Roman Antiquity
2843:
2841:
2722:
2638:
14:
4287:
3301:
3160:. Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books, 2011.
3108:Dictionary of New Testament Background
2968:
2957:
2807:Digital Vatican Library (DigiVatLib),
2000:Chronological order of Paul's letters
3275:
3250:Chronological Order of Paul's Letters
3182:. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 1995.
3165:New Dimensions in New Testament Study
2517:
1340:In all of these epistles, except the
1319:Beginning of the Greek manuscript by
1237:
3197:. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2004.
3187:The Secretary in the Letters of Paul
2838:
2797:from the original on March 21, 2023.
1437:
4226:Other books referenced in the Bible
4185:New Testament manuscript categories
2771:
1167:Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
24:
3756:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
3167:. Eds. Richard N. Longenecker and
3144:Journal of Early Christian Studies
2849:Are There Lost Books of the Bible?
2627:The New Jerome Biblical Commentary
1332:Authorship of the Pauline epistles
1157:First Epistle to the Thessalonians
25:
4321:
3238:
3209:Slaten, Arthur Wakefield (1918) "
3129:Letters in Primitive Christianity
2507:Correspondence of Paul and Seneca
2404:Paul's previous Corinthian letter
1197:Second Epistle to the Corinthians
2713:(Abingdon Press, 2002), pp. 373.
2570:New Testament military metaphors
2565:New Testament athletic metaphors
2544:
2451:Third Epistle to the Corinthians
2344:, and about 60 minuscules (e.g.
1452:
1436:
1421:
1420:
1405:
1404:
1388:
1372:
1356:
1349:
1187:First Epistle to the Corinthians
1004:traditionally considered Pauline
907:, are the thirteen books of the
849:
837:
282:
50:
4241:Biblical and Quranic narratives
3134:Gamble, Harry Y. "Amanuensis."
3047:
2990:
2940:
2913:
2902:
2891:
2880:
2869:
2858:
2813:
2801:
2375:and the majority of minuscules.
1849:Epistola II ad Thessalonicenses
1389:
1373:
1357:
1045:
3203:Journal of Theological Studies
3191:Bulletin for Bulletin Research
3100:Journal of Biblical Literature
3091:Journal of Biblical Literature
3076:Journal of Theological Studies
3002:www.earlychristianwritings.com
2741:
2716:
2710:New Interpreter's Bible Vol. X
2701:
2669:
2632:
2620:
2607:
2598:New Testament Letter Structure
1822:Epistola I ad Thessalonicenses
1077:(31–36 AD: conversion of Paul)
13:
1:
2723:Arhipov, Sergei, ed. (1996).
2575:
2233:
2215:
2197:
2179:
2161:
2143:
2125:
2107:
2089:
2071:
2053:
2035:
2016:
211:Apostles in the New Testament
3255:Chronology of Paul's Letters
3057:London: T&T Clark, 2016.
2998:"Letters of Paul and Seneca"
1453:
7:
3085:Catholic Biblical Quarterly
2947:Olshausen, Hermann (1851).
2537:
2465:Epistle to the Alexandrians
1011:author, unlike the others.
10:
4326:
4221:English Bible translations
3609:Song of the Three Children
2821:"Lost Books of the Bible?"
2748:Ellingworth, Paul (1993).
2639:Metzger, Bruce M. (1987).
2499:Epistle to the Philippians
2435:
1548:The letters thought to be
1329:
1242:Epistle to the Philippians
4259:
4203:
4121:
4075:
3973:
3818:
3781:
3746:
3717:
3679:
3624:
3531:
3515:
3313:
3178:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome.
3033:. Minneapolis: Fortress.
2926:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2484:Epistle to the Laodiceans
2471:. It is mentioned in the
2459:Armenian Apostolic Church
2421:Epistle to the Laodiceans
2295:, 1961, 1964, 1977, 1994.
1687:Epistola II ad Corinthios
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1308:(64–67 AD: death of Paul)
1303:
1293:
1288:Second Epistle to Timothy
1283:
1273:
1268:
1256:Epistle to the Colossians
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1207:
1202:
1192:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1147:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1072:
166:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
3193:8 (1998): 151–66. idem,
3030:Paul's Letter Collection
2809:Manuscript – Vat.gr.1209
2432:Pseudepigraphic epistles
1901:Epistola II ad Timotheum
1768:Epistola ad Philippenses
1660:Epistola I ad Corinthios
1582:
1325:Zentralbibliothek Zürich
1278:First Epistle to Timothy
1263:Epistle to the Ephesians
1142:Epistle to the Galatians
4083:Intertestamental period
3232:New Interpreter's Bible
3185:Richards, E. Randolph.
3136:Anchor Bible Dictionary
3065:Bibliographic resources
2853:Reason & Revelation
2676:Joseph Barber Lightfoot
2613:Richards, E. Randolph.
2011:Location of authorship
1875:Epistola I ad Timotheum
1795:Epistola ad Colossenses
4310:Collections of letters
4067:Apocalyptic literature
3704:Paralipomena of Baruch
2455:Syriac Orthodox Church
2254:Epistle to the Hebrews
1953:Epistola ad Philemonem
1845:Πρὸς Θεσσαλονικεῖς Βʹ
1818:Πρὸς Θεσσαλονικεῖς Αʹ
1577:Epistle to the Hebrews
1342:Epistle to the Hebrews
1327:
1000:Epistle to the Hebrews
531:Priscilla & Aquila
4305:Christian terminology
4231:Additional Scriptures
4195:New Testament uncials
3120:Deissmann, G. Adolf.
2530:was established, the
2436:Further information:
2390:Lost Pauline epistles
1318:
1212:Epistle to the Romans
4216:Bible version debate
4190:New Testament papyri
4136:Samaritan Pentateuch
3761:Testament of Abraham
3699:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3223:Stowers, Stanley K.
3147:6.4 (1998): 629–646.
3103:107 (1988): 469–494.
2953:. T. & T. Clark.
1979:Epistola ad Hebraeos
1741:Epistola ad Ephesios
1530:Second Thessalonians
1470:class=notpageimage|
1016:Acts of the Apostles
404:Split with Barnabas
400:Council of Jerusalem
274:Acts of the Apostles
216:Pauline Christianity
18:Epistles of St. Paul
4158:Muratorian fragment
4093:New Testament canon
4088:Old Testament canon
3981:Chapters and verses
3599:Additions to Daniel
3565:Additions to Esther
3206:18 (1917): 288–301.
3173:Scripture and Truth
3151:Hart, David Bentley
3115:The Letters of Paul
3113:Cousar, Charles B.
2887:2 Corinthians 7:8–9
2847:Apologetics Press,
2648:. pp. 295–96.
2604:by Felix Just, S.J.
2473:Muratorian fragment
2419:A possible Pauline
2001:
1714:Epistola ad Galatas
1683:Πρὸς Κορινθίους Βʹ
1656:Πρὸς Κορινθίους Αʹ
1633:Epistola ad Romanos
1538:(c. 57–59 or c. 62)
1521:(c. 57–59 or c. 62)
1515:(c. 57–59 or c. 62)
1489:First Thessalonians
1249:Epistle to Philemon
1069:
1053:of Pauline epistles
4300:Canonical epistles
3771:Testament of Jacob
3766:Testament of Isaac
3651:Prayer of Manasseh
3614:Bel and the Dragon
3594:Letter of Jeremiah
3260:2013-07-28 at the
2696:pelikois grammasin
2602:Catholic Resources
2560:Biblical apocrypha
2518:Collected epistles
2511:Seneca the Younger
1999:
1764:Πρὸς Φιλιππησίους
1501:Second Corinthians
1328:
1060:Captivity letters
1050:
929:Christian theology
921:early Christianity
373:Antioch in Pisidia
161:Apocalypse of Paul
149:Related literature
63:Pauline literature
4282:
4281:
4251:Textual criticism
3814:
3813:
3738:Psalms of Solomon
3681:Orthodox Tewahedo
3169:Merrill C. Tenney
3127:Doty, William G.
3079:12 (1961): 39–49.
2933:978-0-567-29668-9
2876:2 Corinthians 2:4
2865:1 Corinthians 5:9
2790:978-1-4335-0241-5
2495:Bible manuscripts
2477:Marcion of Sinope
2250:
2249:
1994:pastoral epistles
1990:
1989:
1971:Hebrew Christians
1927:Epistola ad Titum
1897:Πρὸς Τιμόθεον Βʹ
1871:Πρὸς Τιμόθεον Αʹ
1495:First Corinthians
1313:
1312:
1020:catholic epistles
923:. As part of the
893:
892:
698:Arrest and trials
413:Galatians 2:11–14
254:
253:
16:(Redirected from
4317:
4295:Pauline epistles
4131:Dead Sea Scrolls
4113:Dating the Bible
3991:Historical books
3628:Eastern Orthodox
3541:Eastern Orthodox
3529:
3528:
3522:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3094:2 (1968): 27–41.
3058:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2966:
2955:
2954:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2917:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2823:. Archived from
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2720:
2714:
2705:
2699:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2658:. Archived from
2647:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2611:
2605:
2595:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2423:, referenced at
2355:after Philemon:
2258:general epistles
2235:
2217:
2199:
2181:
2163:
2145:
2127:
2109:
2091:
2073:
2055:
2037:
2018:
2002:
1998:
1791:Πρὸς Κολοσσαεῖς
1590:
1589:
1456:
1455:
1440:
1439:
1424:
1423:
1408:
1407:
1392:
1391:
1376:
1375:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1321:Huldrych Zwingli
1298:Epistle to Titus
1070:
1067:Pastoral letters
1066:
1059:
1049:
913:Paul the Apostle
901:Epistles of Paul
899:, also known as
897:Pauline epistles
885:
878:
871:
853:
841:
286:
277:
276:
263:
262:
256:
255:
246:
239:
232:
206:Paul the Apostle
54:
30:
29:
21:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4255:
4199:
4117:
4108:Christian canon
4071:
4006:Prophetic books
3969:
3900:2 Thessalonians
3895:1 Thessalonians
3810:
3777:
3742:
3713:
3675:
3634:
3620:
3548:
3520:
3519:
3511:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3300:
3262:Wayback Machine
3241:
3156:Kim, Yung Suk.
3067:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3025:Trobisch, David
3022:
3015:
3006:
3004:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2967:
2958:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2918:
2914:
2909:Colossians 4:16
2907:
2903:
2898:Ephesians 3:3–4
2896:
2892:
2885:
2881:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2859:
2846:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2791:
2780:ESV Study Bible
2777:
2776:
2772:
2768:, p. 1–27.
2764:
2757:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2721:
2717:
2706:
2702:
2674:
2670:
2662:
2656:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2612:
2608:
2596:
2583:
2578:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2520:
2444:pseudepigraphic
2440:
2434:
2392:
2287:and minuscules
2060:2 Thessalonians
2042:1 Thessalonians
1835:2 Thessalonians
1808:1 Thessalonians
1585:
1550:pseudepigraphic
1476:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1338:
1330:Main articles:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:Possible dates
1048:
984:2 Thessalonians
968:pseudepigraphic
964:1 Thessalonians
905:Letters of Paul
889:
827:
826:
802:2 Thessalonians
797:1 Thessalonians
757:
747:
746:
699:
691:
690:
572:
564:
563:
428:
420:
419:
332:
324:
323:
294:
271:
270:
269:
264:
260:
259:
250:
221:
220:
201:
200:
191:
190:
176:Paul and Thecla
151:
150:
141:
140:
116:2 Thessalonians
111:1 Thessalonians
71:
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4323:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4246:Synod of Hippo
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4180:Masoretic Text
4177:
4172:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4016:Minor prophets
4013:
4011:Major prophets
4003:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3789:Pseudepigrapha
3785:
3783:
3782:Classification
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Psalms 152–155
3724:
3722:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3596:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3382:1–2 Chronicles
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3311:
3310:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3252:
3247:
3240:
3239:External links
3237:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3207:
3198:
3183:
3176:
3161:
3154:
3148:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3095:
3080:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3053:Reece, Steve.
3046:
3040:978-0800625979
3039:
3013:
2989:
2982:
2956:
2939:
2932:
2912:
2901:
2890:
2879:
2868:
2857:
2837:
2812:
2800:
2789:
2770:
2755:
2740:
2733:
2715:
2700:
2668:
2665:on 2013-06-01.
2654:
2631:
2619:
2606:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2539:
2536:
2523:David Trobisch
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2491:
2480:
2462:
2438:Pseudepigrapha
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2417:
2414:
2407:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2353:
2306:
2299:
2296:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2006:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1975:Πρὸς Ἑβραίους
1973:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1949:Πρὸς Φιλήμονα
1947:
1945:Saint Philemon
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1738:
1737:Πρὸς Ἐφεσίους
1735:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1629:Πρὸς Ῥωμαίους
1627:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1605:Abbreviations
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1584:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1563:Second Timothy
1560:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1336:Pseudepigrapha
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1044:
911:attributed to
891:
890:
888:
887:
880:
873:
865:
862:
861:
860:
859:
847:
835:
829:
828:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
758:
753:
752:
749:
748:
745:
744:
739:
734:
728:
727:
726:
721:
716:
706:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
687:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
595:
590:
585:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
562:
561:
560:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
467:
462:
457:
446:
441:
429:
427:Second mission
426:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
410:
402:
397:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
333:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
312:
306:
301:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
279:
278:
252:
251:
249:
248:
241:
234:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
208:
202:
198:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
186:Prayer of Paul
183:
181:Peter and Paul
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
152:
148:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
72:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
47:
46:
39:
38:
37:of articles on
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4322:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3863:2 Corinthians
3861:
3859:
3858:1 Corinthians
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3820:New Testament
3817:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:New Testament
3799:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3709:Broader canon
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3669:
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3320:Old Testament
3316:
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3308:
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3122:Bible Studies
3119:
3116:
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3109:
3105:
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3096:
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3018:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2985:
2983:9780199928033
2979:
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2842:
2827:on 2006-06-23
2826:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2766:Trobisch 1994
2762:
2760:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2734:1-878997-49-1
2730:
2726:
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2707:Robert Wall,
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2411:Severe Letter
2408:
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2099:
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2096:2 Corinthians
2094:
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2078:1 Corinthians
2076:
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2021:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
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1997:
1995:
1985:
1982:
1980:
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1911:
1907:
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1893:Saint Timothy
1891:
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1865:
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1710:Πρὸς Γαλάτας
1709:
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1671:
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1557:First Timothy
1555:
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989:
985:
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952:2 Corinthians
949:
948:1 Corinthians
945:
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936:
934:
930:
926:
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918:
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909:New Testament
906:
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571:Third mission
568:
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408:Acts 15:36–41
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344:
341:
340:
339:
335:
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331:First mission
328:
327:
320:
316:
313:
311:
308:Martyrdom of
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
290:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
272:according to
268:
261:Events in the
258:
257:
247:
242:
240:
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233:
228:
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225:
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217:
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195:
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187:
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169:
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164:
162:
159:
157:
156:Lost epistles
154:
153:
145:
144:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
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102:
99:
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87:
86:2 Corinthians
84:
82:
81:1 Corinthians
79:
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73:
68:
64:
58:
57:
53:
49:
48:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
4169:Vetus Latina
4167:
4150:
4103:Jewish canon
4098:Antilegomena
4044:
4000:Poetic Books
3996:Wisdom books
3974:Subdivisions
3887:
3592: /
3517:Deuterocanon
3437:Lamentations
3417:Ecclesiastes
3324:(protocanon)
3315:Hebrew Bible
3231:
3224:
3201:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3164:
3157:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3098:
3089:
3083:
3074:
3054:
3049:
3029:
3005:. Retrieved
3001:
2992:
2973:
2970:Ehrman, Bart
2949:
2942:
2922:
2915:
2904:
2893:
2882:
2871:
2860:
2852:
2829:. Retrieved
2825:the original
2815:
2803:
2779:
2773:
2749:
2743:
2724:
2718:
2709:
2703:
2695:
2679:
2671:
2660:the original
2641:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2552:Bible portal
2521:
2482:Non-Pauline
2441:
2425:Colossians 4
2403:
2399:
2393:
2278:
2251:
2030:(uncertain)
1991:
1978:
1952:
1926:
1900:
1874:
1848:
1841:Thessalonica
1821:
1814:Thessalonica
1794:
1767:
1740:
1713:
1686:
1659:
1632:
1586:
1574:
1547:
1524:
1477:
1445:Thessalonica
1339:
1307:
1076:
1046:Authenticity
1013:
937:
904:
900:
896:
894:
854:
844:Christianity
842:
754:
601:
529:
511:Thessalonica
473:
452:
171:Acts of Paul
62:
45:in the Bible
4274:WikiProject
4152:Diatessaron
4123:Manuscripts
4076:Development
3878:Philippians
3748:Beta Israel
3666:4 Maccabees
3661:3 Maccabees
3575:2 Maccabees
3570:1 Maccabees
3352:Deuteronomy
2725:The Apostol
2688:2 Thess 2:2
2150:Philippians
1923:Πρὸς Τίτον
1919:Saint Titus
1754:Philippians
1596:Addressees
1513:Philippians
960:Philippians
787:Philippians
101:Philippians
4289:Categories
4211:Authorship
4141:Septuagint
3986:Pentateuch
3965:Revelation
3889:Laodiceans
3883:Colossians
3372:1–2 Samuel
3219:1051723498
3071:Aland Kurt
3007:2021-05-26
2831:2006-06-29
2684:amanuensis
2655:0198261802
2576:References
2486:versions:
2469:Alexandria
2285:Papyrus 46
2270:authorship
2168:Colossians
1839:Church at
1812:Church at
1785:Church at
1781:Colossians
1758:Church at
1731:Church at
1704:Church at
1677:Church at
1650:Church at
1623:Church at
1571:(c. 66–67)
1565:(c. 62–65)
1559:(c. 62–64)
1536:Colossians
1532:(c. 51–52)
1509:(c. 55–57)
1503:(c. 55–56)
1497:(c. 53–54)
1491:(c. 49–51)
1485:(c. 48 AD)
1024:minuscules
1006:(although
996:amanuensis
992:Colossians
792:Colossians
724:Agrippa II
501:Amphipolis
486:Samothrace
315:Conversion
293:Early life
106:Colossians
67:Authorship
4050:Johannine
3910:2 Timothy
3905:1 Timothy
3873:Ephesians
3868:Galatians
3656:Psalm 151
3524:apocrypha
3502:Zechariah
3492:Zephaniah
3377:1–2 Kings
3342:Leviticus
2378:omitted:
2274:Byzantine
2240:2 Timothy
2227:Nicopolis
2209:Macedonia
2204:1 Timothy
2132:Ephesians
2101:Macedonia
2023:Galatians
1888:2 Timothy
1862:1 Timothy
1727:Ephesians
1700:Galatians
1575:Finally,
1542:Ephesians
1483:Galatians
988:Ephesians
976:2 Timothy
972:1 Timothy
940:Galatians
812:2 Timothy
807:1 Timothy
782:Ephesians
777:Galatians
733:shipwreck
704:Jerusalem
679:Ptolemais
624:Macedonia
619:Cenchreae
609:Macedonia
557:Jerusalem
537:Cenchreae
506:Apollonia
126:2 Timothy
121:1 Timothy
96:Ephesians
91:Galatians
4264:Category
4163:Peshitta
4060:Catholic
4055:Pastoral
4040:Epistles
4033:Synoptic
3920:Philemon
3733:2 Baruch
3720:Peshitta
3694:Jubilees
3646:2 Esdras
3641:1 Esdras
3536:Catholic
3487:Habakkuk
3432:Jeremiah
3412:Proverbs
3392:Nehemiah
3258:Archived
3027:(1994).
2972:(2012).
2795:Archived
2538:See also
2490:content.
2457:and the
2186:Philemon
1966:Hebrews*
1940:Philemon
1853:2 Thess
1826:1 Thess
1787:Colossae
1760:Philippi
1519:Philemon
1429:Colossae
1413:Philippi
1018:and the
956:Philemon
917:epistles
822:Philemon
755:Epistles
709:Caesarea
684:Caesarea
639:Mytilene
552:Caesarea
496:Philippi
491:Neapolis
348:Seleucia
338:Barnabas
319:Damascus
304:Gamaliel
265:Life of
199:See also
136:Philemon
35:a series
33:Part of
4236:Studies
4204:Related
4175:Vulgate
4045:Pauline
4023:Gospels
3940:2 Peter
3935:1 Peter
3925:Hebrews
3828:Matthew
3718:Syriac
3604:Susanna
3507:Malachi
3467:Obadiah
3442:Ezekiel
3347:Numbers
3332:Genesis
3305:of the
2678:in his
2600:, from
2532:gospels
2262:Vulgate
2119:Corinth
2083:Ephesus
2065:Corinth
2047:Corinth
2028:Antioch
1957:Philem
1733:Ephesus
1706:Galatia
1679:Corinth
1652:Corinth
1544:(c. 62)
1397:Galatia
1381:Ephesus
1365:Corinth
834:Portals
654:Miletus
614:Corinth
603:Apollos
598:Ephesus
593:Phrygia
588:Galatia
583:Antioch
542:Ephesus
526:Corinth
470:Galatia
465:Phrygia
454:Timothy
444:Cilicia
439:Antioch
393:Antalya
358:Salamis
343:Antioch
310:Stephen
65: (
4269:Portal
4146:Targum
3955:3 John
3950:2 John
3945:1 John
3853:Romans
3806:Jewish
3631:Others
3590:Baruch
3585:Sirach
3580:Wisdom
3560:Judith
3545:Others
3497:Haggai
3447:Daniel
3427:Isaiah
3407:Psalms
3397:Esther
3362:Judges
3357:Joshua
3337:Exodus
3217:
3037:
2980:
2930:
2787:
2731:
2652:
2266:Jerome
2236:64–67
2218:62–64
2200:62–64
2114:Romans
2092:55–56
2074:53–55
1905:2 Tim
1879:1 Tim
1691:2 Cor
1664:1 Cor
1619:Romans
1602:Latin
1599:Greek
1507:Romans
1038:, and
978:, and
944:Romans
933:ethics
762:Romans
719:Festus
669:Patara
664:Rhodes
521:Athens
516:Beroea
460:Lystra
388:Lystra
363:Paphos
353:Cyprus
299:Tarsus
76:Romans
3930:James
3915:Titus
3689:Enoch
3555:Tobit
3482:Nahum
3477:Micah
3472:Jonah
3452:Hosea
3307:Bible
3303:Books
2663:(PDF)
2646:(PDF)
2528:canon
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2222:Titus
2056:49–51
2038:49–51
1914:Titus
1772:Phil
1613:Min.
1610:Full
1593:Name
1583:Order
1569:Titus
980:Titus
925:canon
856:Bible
817:Titus
742:Death
731:Malta
714:Felix
649:Samos
644:Chios
634:Assos
629:Troas
578:Silas
576:With
547:Syria
481:Mysia
475:Titus
449:Derbe
434:Silas
432:With
383:Derbe
378:Konya
368:Perge
336:With
317:near
131:Titus
4028:List
3960:Jude
3848:Acts
3843:John
3838:Luke
3833:Mark
3794:list
3671:Odes
3462:Amos
3457:Joel
3387:Ezra
3367:Ruth
3215:OCLC
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2978:ISBN
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