Entheogen - Knowledge

76: 87: 840: 331:, which means "god within," was introduced by Ruck et al. and has seen increasing use. This term suggests that these substances reveal or allow a connection to the "divine within." Although it seems unlikely that this name will ever be accepted in formal scientific circles, its use has dramatically increased in popular media and internet sites. Indeed, in much of the counterculture that uses these substances, entheogen has replaced psychedelic as the name of choice, and we may expect to see this trend continue. 1555: 1763: 1263: 1714: 611: 1229: 4895: 1435: 791: 472:, when he returned to claim his Olympian birthright. The Indo-European proto-Greeks "recognized it as the entheogen of Zeus, and their own traditions of shamanism, the Amanita and the 'pressed juice' of Soma – but better, since no longer unpredictable and wild, the way it was found among the 1961:

that would classify any plants containing any amount of DMT as "controlled plants". DMT itself was already controlled under current laws. The proposed changes included other similar blanket bans for other substances, such as a ban on any and all plants containing mescaline or ephedrine. The proposal

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In a strict sense, only those vision-producing drugs that can be shown to have figured in shamanic or religious rites would be designated entheogens, but in a looser sense, the term could also be applied to other drugs, both natural and artificial, that induce alterations of consciousness similar to

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Splendid by Law! declaring Law, truth speaking, truthful in thy works, Enouncing faith, King Soma!... O Pavāmana (mind clarifying), place me in that deathless, undecaying world wherein the light of heaven is set, and everlasting lustre shines.... Make me immortal in that realm where happiness and

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Entheogens have been used in various ways, including as part of established religious rituals and as aids for personal spiritual development. Anthropological study has established that entheogens are used for religious, magical, shamanic, or spiritual purposes in many parts of the world. They have

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were known to use cannabis in their religious and important life ceremonies, proven by discoveries of large clay pots with burnt cannabis seeds in ancient tombs and religious shrines. Also, local oral folklore and myths tell of ancient priests that dreamed with gods and walked in the smoke. Their

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In its sessions, UDV members drink Hoasca Tea for the effect of mental concentration. In Brazil, the use of Hoasca in religious rituals was regulated by the Brazilian Federal Government's National Drug Policy Council on January 25, 2010. The policy established legal norms for the religious

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Many different names have been proposed over the years for this drug class. The famous German toxicologist Louis Lewin used the name phantastica earlier in this century, and as we shall see later, such a descriptor is not so farfetched. The most popular names – hallucinogen,

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have suggested the possibility that psychedelics could complement Buddhist practice, bring healing and help people understand their connection with everything which could lead to compassion. Kornfield warns however that addiction can still be a hindrance. Other teachers such as Michelle

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Christianity is distinct from evidence that indicates the extent to which visionary plants were utilized or forgotten in later Christianity, including heretical or quasi-Christian groups, and the question of other groups such as elites or laity within orthodox Catholic practice.

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is still the most popular and has held sway for nearly four decades. Most recently, there has been a movement in nonscientific circles to recognize the ability of these substances to provoke mystical experiences and evoke feelings of spiritual significance. Thus, the term

7371: 1094: 1972:(golden wattle), illegal. The Therapeutic Goods Administration and federal authority had considered a motion to ban the same, but this was withdrawn in May 2012 (as DMT may still hold potential entheogenic value to native or religious peoples). 1663:(Brazilian Portuguese for "works") – are typically several hours long and are undertaken sitting in silent "concentration", or sung collectively, dancing according to simple steps in geometrical formation. Ayahuasca, referred to as 4022:

no longer mentions Sula Benet but continues to maintain that hemp is "the plant Cannabis sativa called kanbus in talmudic literature", but now adds, "Hashish is not mentioned however in Jewish sources". See p. 805 in Vol. 8 of the 2nd

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institutions that responsibly use this tea. The Supreme Court of the United States unanimously affirmed the UDV's right to use Hoasca tea in its religious sessions in the United States, in a decision published on February 21, 2006.

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Warf, Barney. "High points: An historical geography of cannabis." Geographical Review 104.4 (2014): 414-438. Page 422: "Psychoactive cannabis is mentioned in the Talmud, and the ancient Jews may have used hashish (Clarke and Merlin

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cultures have ingested the psychoactive pulverized root, typically taking it mixed with water. In these traditions, taking kava is believed to facilitate contact with the spirits of the dead, especially relatives and ancestors.

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The question of the extent of visionary plant use throughout the history of Christian practice has barely been considered yet by academic or independent scholars. The question of whether visionary plants were used in

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are from the native cultures of the Americas. However, it has also been suggested that entheogens played an important role in ancient Indo-European culture, for example by inclusion in the ritual preparations of the

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estimated to have been written sometime around 2000–1400 BCE, which mentions cannabis as one of the "five sacred plants... which release us from anxiety" and that a guardian angel resides in its leaves. The

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Santos, R. G.; Landeira-Fernandez, J.; Strassman, R. J.; Motta, V.; Cruz, A. P. M. (2007). "Effects of ayahuasca on psychometric measures of anxiety, panic-like and hopelessness in Santo Daime members".

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established the Sherbert Test, which consists of four criteria that are used to determine if an individual's right to religious free exercise has been violated by the government. The test is as follows:

587:, are yet to be investigated by western science. A recent revitalization has occurred in the study of southern African psychoactives and entheogens (Mitchell and Hudson 2004; Sobiecki 2002, 2008, 2012). 4226:

R. R. Griffiths; W. A. Richards; U. McCann; R. Jesse (7 July 2006). "Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance".

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are burned to produce the ash. The term "pituri" may also refer to the plants from which the leaves are gathered or from which the ash is made. Some authors use the term to refer only to the plant

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journal is of fairly widespread use of visionary plants in early Christianity and the surrounding culture, with a gradual reduction of use of entheogens in Christianity. R. Gordon Wasson's book

2222:(Melrose, Oxford 2013). This book includes a controversial analysis of the term entheogen arguing that Wasson et al. were mystifying the effects of the plants and traditions to which it refers. 4404: 1732:

The Thelema ceremony calls for five officers: a Priest, a Priestess, a Deacon, and two adult acolytes, called "the Children". The end of the ritual culminates in the consummation of the

460:. It could not be cultivated; thus it had to be found, which suited it to a nomadic lifestyle. When they reached the world of the Caucasus and the Aegean, the Indo-Europeans encountered 7705: 555:

plant in some of their religious rituals or just symbolically, it has been suggested that Egyptian religion once revolved around the ritualistic ingestion of the far more psychoactive

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to drink. This supposed spiritual challenge should help the boy develop the spiritual wellbeing that is required to become a man. Not all of the boys undergoing this ritual survived.

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Entheogens have played a pivotal role in the spiritual practices of most American cultures for millennia. The first American entheogen to be subject to scientific analysis was the

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is now, however, the most common designation in the scientific literature, although it is an inaccurate descriptor of the actual effects of these drugs. In the lay press, the term

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Timmermann, Christopher; Roseman, Leor; Williams, Luke; Erritzoe, David; Martial, Charlotte; Cassol, Héléna; Laureys, Steven; Nutt, David; Carhart-Harris, Robin (15 August 2018).

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are thought not to have used entheogens, although there is a strong barrier of secrecy surrounding Aboriginal shamanism, which has likely limited what has been told to outsiders.

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means "to come into being". Thus, an entheogen is a drug that causes one to become inspired or to experience feelings of inspiration, often in a religious or "spiritual" manner.

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494 U.S. 872 (1990) which held that a "neutral law of general applicability" was not subject to the test. Congress resurrected it for the purposes of federal law in the federal

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Tupper, Kenneth W.; Labate, Beatriz C. (2014). "Ayahuasca, Psychedelic Studies and Health Sciences: The Politics of Knowledge and Inquiry into an Amazonian Plant Brew".

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leads to dreams (visions) through sensory distortion. The psychedelic experience is often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as those experienced in

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The Peyote Way Church of God believe that "Peyote is a holy sacrament, when taken according to our sacramental procedure and combined with a holistic lifestyle".

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de Rios, Marlene Dobkin; Grob, Charles S. (2005). "Interview with Jeffrey Bronfman, Representative Mestre for the União do Vegetal Church in the United States".

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was also used to enhance spiritual wellbeing among adults. For instance, during a frightening situation, such as when seeing a coyote walk like a man, a leaf of

4777:, The Guardian UK (2003), describes Daniel's second journey with Iboga facilitated by Dr. Martin Polanco at the Ibogaine Association clinic in Rosarito, Mexico. 7761: 2950: 2084:

of 1978 was passed. This federal statute allow the "Traditional Indian religious use of the peyote sacrament", exempting only use by Native American persons.

4927: 4845: 2631: 3877: 2071: 4699: 4438: 2317: 2039:, 521 U.S. 507 (1997) RFRA was held to trespass on state sovereignty, and application of the RFRA was essentially limited to federal law enforcement. In 360:

have proposed several examples of the cultural use of entheogens that are found in the archaeological record. Hemp seeds discovered by archaeologists at

75: 3700: 1562:, an entheogenic cactus that has been used for over 3,000 years. Today the vast majority of extracted mescaline is from columnar cacti, not vulnerable 4648: 2211: 419:

that preceded initiation into the Eleusinian Mysteries is another entheogen, which was investigated (before the word was coined) by Carl Kerényi, in

2045:, 546 U.S. 418 (2006), a case involving only federal law, RFRA was held to permit a church's use of a DMT-containing tea for religious ceremonies. 1481:

fibers, not hashish, as hemp was a vital commodity before linen replaced it. Lexicons of Hebrew and dictionaries of plants of the Bible such as by

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aside from a variant species of kava, although some modern scholars have claimed that there may be evidence of psilocybin mushroom use. Natives of

1838:. Furthermore, scientific studies on entheogens present some significant challenges to researchers, including philosophical questions relating to 1526:

Scholars such as David Hillman suggest that a variety of drug use, recreational and otherwise, is to be found in the early history of the Church.

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and cannabis have been used in religious ceremonies, although the religious use of datura is not very common, as the primary alkaloids are strong

3417:"The Pituri Learning Circle: Central Australian Aboriginal women's knowledge and practices around the use of Nicotiana SPP. As a chewing tobacco" 2247: 347: 4318:

Nutt, David J.; King, Leslie A.; Nichols, David E. (2013). "Effects of Schedule I Drug Laws on Neuroscience Research and Treatment Innovation".

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within the practice, which contains several psychoactive compounds, is drunk as part of the ceremony. The drinking of Daime can induce a strong

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food, according to Ruck and Staples, not something to be indulged in, sampled lightly, or profaned. It was seen as the food of the gods, their

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J.R. Hale, J.Z. de Boer, J.P. Chanton and H.A. Spiller (2003) Questioning the Delphic Oracle, 2003, Scientific American, vol 289, no 2, 67-73.

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Calabrese, Joseph D. (1997). "Spiritual healing and human development in the Native American church: Toward a cultural psychiatry of peyote".

7315: 7228: 2358: 3458:"The pituri story: a review of the historical literature surrounding traditional Australian Aboriginal use of nicotine in Central Australia" 4400: 2076: 1454:

of the Book of Exodus, was cannabis. According to theories that hold that cannabis was present in Ancient Israelite society, a variant of

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The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross: A Study of the Nature and Origins of Christianity within the Fertility Cults of the Ancient Near East

112:(such as magic mushrooms and magic plants), used in sacred contexts in religion for inducing spiritual development throughout history. 6064: 5993: 4540:

Rätsch, Christian; "The Psychoactive Plants, Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications"; Park Street Press; Rochester Vermont; 1998/2005;

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monasteries. The Sufi monks drank coffee as an aid to concentration and even spiritual intoxication when they chanted the name of God.

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medicine" – used by the people of Pala in rites of passage, such as the transition to adulthood and at the end of life.

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McDonald-Smith expressed views which saw entheogens as not conducive to Buddhist practice ("I don't see them developing anything").

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prints a letter from art historian Erwin Panofsky asserting that art scholars are aware of many "mushroom trees" in Christian art.

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The shrine at Tel Arad, where the earliest use of cannabis in the Near East is thought to have occurred during the Kingdom of Judah

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referring to the sacrament of the UDV, Hoasca tea (also known as ayahuasca). This beverage is made by boiling two plants, Mariri (

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is held to have been present. In 2020, it was announced that cannabis residue had been found on the Israelite sanctuary altar at

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Millière, Raphaël; Carhart-Harris, Robin L.; Roseman, Leor; Trautwein, Fynn-Mathis; Berkovich-Ohana, Aviva (4 September 2018).

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Millière, Raphaël; Carhart-Harris, Robin L.; Roseman, Leor; Trautwein, Fynn-Mathis; Berkovich-Ohana, Aviva (4 September 2018).

7603: 7540: 6074: 4545: 4064:, by Mark Hoffman, Carl Ruck, and Blaise Staples. Entheos: The Journal of Psychedelic Spirituality, Issue No. 1, Summer, 2001 3939: 3316: 3201: 3191: 2081: 1937: 732: 3379: 2893: 492:(which, based on the morphological similarity of the words amanita, amrita and ambrosia, is entirely plausible) and perhaps 6531: 4913: 2210:

A critical examination of the ethical and societal implications and relevance of "entheogenic" experiences can be found in

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by Chumash, Tongva, and others. Among the Chumash, when a boy was 8 years old, his mother would give him a preparation of

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Food of the Gods: The Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge - A Radical History of Plants, Drugs, and Human Evolution

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Hajicek-Dobberstein (1995). "Soma siddhas and alchemical enlightenment: psychedelic mushrooms in Buddhist tradition".

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features a moon under the control of a religious government that uses neurological viruses to induce religious faith.

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experiment, volunteer graduate school divinity students from the Boston area almost all claimed to have had profound

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medicine. Control of the supply of melange was crucial to the Empire, as it was necessary for, among other things,

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in most participants and that they rank the personal and spiritual meaningfulness of the experiences very highly.

1123:) has been cultivated for at least 3,000 years by a number of Pacific island-dwelling peoples. Historically, most 782:

evidence for these plants from archaeological sites shows they were used in ancient times thousands of years ago.

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Shimamura, Ippei (2004). "Yellow Shamans (Mongolia)". In Walter, Mariko Namba; Neumann Fridman, Eva Jane (eds.).

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In the West, some modern Buddhist teachers have written on the usefulness of psychedelics. The Buddhist magazine

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The psychedelic experience is often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as those experienced in

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region. Other plants with ritual significance in North American shamanism are the hallucinogenic seeds of the

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Crown were evidently designed to represent pin-stages of this mushroom. There is also evidence for the use of

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This article is about psychoactive substances in a spiritual context. For general information about them, see

7484: 6661: 6592: 4095:, José Celdrán and Carl Ruck, Entheos: The Journal of Psychedelic Spirituality, Vol. I, Issue 2, Winter, 2002 2074:, leading to religious discrimination issues regarding about the U.S. policy towards drugs. As the result of 1954: 1411: 312:

psychotomimetic, and psychedelic ("mind manifesting") – have often been used interchangeably.

4774: 7746: 7299: 4679: 2022: 1643: 893:, appears to be consistent with the effects of an entheogen. In his 1967 book, Wasson argues that Soma was 803: 341: 4596: 7771: 6885: 6656: 4899: 2242: 1343: 527: 270: 3039: 7323: 6031: 1835: 1797: 17: 2389: 1473:

While Benet's conclusion regarding the psychoactive use of cannabis is not universally accepted among

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translates to English as "full of the god, inspired, possessed", and is the root of the English word "

7659: 7355: 6451: 5979: 5702: 5346: 5321: 5043: 3967: 2894:"The entheomycological origin of Egyptian crowns and the esoteric underpinnings of Egyptian religion" 2010: 1958: 638: 3794:

Touw, Mia (January 1981). "The Religious and Medicinal Uses of Cannabis in China, India and Tibet".

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Carl A. P. Ruck; Jeremy Bigwood; Danny Staples; Jonathan Ott; R. Gordon Wasson (January–June 1979).

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novel refers to the religion in the future as a result of entheogens, used freely by the population.

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that it has pursued that interest in the manner least restrictive, or least burdensome, to religion.

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whether the government action is a substantial burden on the person's ability to act on that belief.

663:, who live in what became Oklahoma. While it was used traditionally by many cultures of what is now 7736: 7685: 7463: 7453: 7363: 7235: 6524: 6157: 6110: 5576: 2097: 2067: 2035: 1816: 1583: 1034:

Mushroom consumption is part of the culture of Europeans in general, with particular importance to

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Chawane, Midas H. (2014). "The Rastafarian Movement in South Africa: A Religion or Way of Life?".

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Cleansing the Doors of Perception: The Religious Significance of Entheogenic Plants and Chemicals

4107:, by Carl Ruck, Blaise Staples, Jose Alfredo Celdran, Mark Hoffman, Carolina Academic Press, 2007 2186: 1948: 1785: 1778: 1442:

The primary advocate of the religious use of cannabis in early Judaism was Polish anthropologist

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widely across the continent. Leaves are gathered from any of several species of native tobacco (

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is an artifact of its ancient use in higher doses as an entheogen (possibly in conjunction with

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The growth of Roman Christianity also saw the end of the two-thousand-year-old tradition of the

476:: as befit their own assimilation of agrarian modes of life, the entheogen was now cultivable." 7561: 7545: 7535: 7494: 7489: 7347: 7339: 6353: 5796: 5233: 4816: 4397:"Consultation on implementation of model drug schedules for Commonwealth serious drug offences" 2286: 2257: 2220:

Entheogens, Society & Law: Towards a Politics of Consciousness, Autonomy and Responsibility

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was not pursued after political embarrassment on realisation that this would make the official

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Shamans all over the world and in different cultures have traditionally used drugs, especially

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drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree appears in the middle of the 15th century, in Yemen's

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on psychedelics has accordingly been limited due to the difficulty of getting approval from

1270: 1012:. The term 'ambrosia' is used in Greek mythology in a way that is remarkably similar to the 590:

Among the amaXhosa, the artificial drug 2C-B is used as entheogen by traditional healers or

402:. Soma was ritually prepared and drunk by priests and initiates and elicited a paean in the 7695: 7690: 7413: 7408: 7205: 6565: 6540: 6431: 6416: 6391: 6371: 5774: 5436: 5238: 5068: 4700:"Entheogens & Education: Exploring the Potential of Psychoactives as Educational Tools" 4628: 4006: 2318:"Entheogens & education: Exploring the potential of psychoactives as educational tools" 2291: 2262: 1891: 1805: 1753: 1695: 1630:. Santo Daime incorporates elements of several religious or spiritual traditions including 1477:

scholars, there is general agreement that cannabis is used in talmudic sources to refer to

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received popular press attention in the early 2000s, yet has not been conclusively proven.

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was inappropriate owing to its etymological relationship to words relating to delirium and

1682:(UDV) is a religious society founded on July 22, 1961, by José Gabriel da Costa, known as 960:, predating the introduction of wine, which was the more familiar entheogen of the reborn 8: 7741: 7581: 7566: 7307: 7267: 6922: 6907: 6709: 6604: 6599: 6575: 6517: 6483: 6386: 6343: 6328: 6183: 6167: 6079: 6016: 5228: 4045:

The Chemical Muse: Drug Use and the Roots of Western Civilization by D. C. A. Hillman PhD

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Kornfield, Jack; "Bringing Home the Dharma: Awakening Right Where You Are", excerpted at

3027: 2267: 1827: 1820: 1744:, after which the congregant proclaims "There is no part of me that is not of the gods!" 1635: 1559: 1501: 1372: 1360: 1289: 1165:, also known as mingkulpa, is a mixture of leaves and wood ash traditionally chewed as a 957: 702: 570: 493: 384: 156: 125: 4854: 4791: 3415:

Ratsch, Angela; Mason, Andrea; Rive, Linda; Bogossian, Fiona; Steadman, Kathryn (2017).

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and also because it had become irreversibly associated with various connotations of the

7751: 7458: 7390: 6634: 6493: 6243: 6084: 6048: 5278: 4671: 4649:"Entheogens and Existential Intelligence: The Use of Plant Teachers as Cognitive Tools" 4489: 4464: 4343: 4295: 4270: 4251: 4140: 3987: 3921: 3677: 3566: 3531: 3484: 3457: 3110: 3068:

Healing with medicinal plants of the west - cultural and scientific basis for their use

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Entheogens also play an important role in contemporary religious movements such as the

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Roberts, Thomas B. (2006) "Chemical Input, Religious Output—Entheogens" Chapter 10 in

4374: 2629: 1078:, which was later forgotten by its adherents, but this view has been widely disputed. 368:

occurred during the 5th to 2nd century BCE, confirming previous historical reports by

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traditionally been used to supplement many diverse practices geared towards achieving

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also refer to it as a "source of happiness", "joy-giver" and "liberator", and in the

1281: 1237: 924: 874: 817: 813: 774: 713: 552: 547: 432: 428: 109: 32: 3393: 2928: 2616: 839: 7654: 7170: 6890: 6771: 6761: 6694: 6587: 6498: 6283: 6278: 6233: 6213: 6069: 5880: 5849: 5541: 5301: 4983: 4780: 4732: 4663: 4484: 4476: 4370: 4347: 4327: 4290: 4282: 4255: 4235: 3979: 3913: 3838: 3807: 3803: 3665: 3661: 3626: 3561: 3543: 3479: 3469: 3428: 2908: 2721: 2682: 2647: 2643: 2596: 2559: 2543: 2499: 2481: 2440: 2422: 2373: 2105: 1968: 1631: 1619: 1514: 1486: 1467: 1398: 1277: 1148: 1074: 1028: 903:, an alkaloid with stimulant properties derived from the soma plant, identified as 895: 861: 779: 719: 707: 469: 456: 388: 357: 353: 304: 199: 4465:"Brave New World versus Island--utopian and dystopian views on psychopharmacology" 3983: 1826:

Except in Mexico, research with psychedelics is limited due to ongoing widespread

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Stolaroff, M. J. (1999). "Are Psychedelics Useful in the Practice of Buddhism?".

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may be used synonymously with these terms, or it may be chosen to contrast with

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argued that early Jewish and Christian cultic practice was based on the use of

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According to Ruck, Eyan, and Staples, the familiar shamanic entheogen that the

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The Amazons : lives and legends of warrior women across the ancient world

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was also seen as problematic, owing to the similarity in sound to words about

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12th century frescoes depicting alleged entheogenic mushrooms in Christian art

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Entheogens have been used by different people groups for thousands of years.

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devoted their entire fall 1996 edition to this issue. Some teachers such as

1371:. The earliest known reports regarding the sacred status of cannabis in the 7675: 7331: 7283: 7067: 7020: 7015: 6975: 6736: 6619: 6468: 6338: 6308: 6223: 6203: 6198: 6188: 6162: 6142: 5837: 5561: 5526: 5243: 5108: 5038: 4947: 4936: 4756: 4554:

Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities

4498: 4382: 4339: 4304: 4247: 3673: 3638: 3575: 3493: 3474: 3442: 3237:"History : Oracle at Delphi May Have Been Inhaling Ethylene Gas Fumes" 2920: 2743: 2694: 2608: 2573: 2513: 2454: 2175: 2129:

as the entheogen underlying the creation of Christianity is the premise of

1928:

Some countries have legislation that allows for traditional entheogen use.

1843: 1801: 1757: 1542: 1376: 993:" which in Dacian was supposed to mean "the ones that walk in the clouds". 886: 765: 584: 393: 251: 195: 61: 36: 5831: 4587:

Where God and Science Meet: Vol. 3: The Psychology of Religious Experience

4105:

The Hidden World: Survival of Pagan Shamanic Themes in European Fairytales

4015: 3850: 3815: 3602: 2837:

The world of classical myth : gods and goddesses, heroines and heroes

2092:

Many works of literature have described entheogen use; some of those are:

1280:, for their religious experiences. In these communities the absorption of 7251: 7195: 7135: 7035: 7000: 6985: 6927: 6840: 6766: 6689: 6463: 6208: 6100: 6041: 5900: 5712: 5657: 5461: 5446: 5391: 5123: 5088: 5053: 4269:

MacLean, Katherine A.; Johnson, Matthew W.; Griffiths, Roland R. (2011).

4196: 4054: 2872: 2655: 1831: 1770: 1652: 1605: 1312: 1144: 1046:-containing mushrooms was an integral part of the ancient culture of the 698: 574: 562: 261: 179: 137: 121: 7180: 2547: 2111:

acts as both an entheogen (in large enough quantities) and an addictive

1998:

whether the person has a claim involving a sincere religious belief, and

831:

infusion to have foretelling dreams for successful hunting expeditions.

7619: 7423: 7082: 7025: 7010: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6835: 6815: 6614: 6544: 6509: 6446: 6333: 6313: 6273: 6238: 5885: 5803: 5722: 5682: 5672: 5667: 5591: 5531: 5501: 5471: 5426: 5401: 5306: 5183: 5148: 4675: 4597:

https://web.archive.org/web/20071111053855/http://csp.org/chrestomathy/

4104: 2385: 1809: 1623: 1609: 1587: 1443: 1403: 1285: 1207: 1174: 1132: 1039: 1005: 969: 879: 473: 237: 148: 4905: 4118: 3615: 3529: 2408: 2005:

If these two elements are established, then the government must prove

1762: 1023:

used by inhalation may have played a role in divinatory ceremonies at

7115: 6897: 6875: 6825: 6798: 6473: 6421: 6258: 6152: 6125: 5905: 5875: 5717: 5692: 5687: 5601: 5596: 5546: 5521: 5516: 5411: 5371: 5316: 5311: 5188: 5073: 5013: 5008: 4973: 4513: 3433: 3262: 2191: 2112: 1733: 1647: 1308: 1262: 1201: 1183: 1166: 1128: 1106: 984: 900: 498: 423:

Other entheogens in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean include the

376: 369: 365: 266: 183: 172: 6671: 4783:

1995 "Traditional use of psychoactive mushrooms in Ivory Coast?" in

4667: 4331: 2377: 682:). Other well-known entheogens used by Mexican cultures include the 7706:

Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period

7629: 7372:

Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants

7190: 7072: 6990: 6830: 6793: 6609: 6426: 6298: 6026: 5971: 5950: 5925: 5727: 5707: 5647: 5606: 5466: 5451: 5376: 5341: 5336: 5296: 5223: 5213: 5163: 5063: 4813:

Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing and Hallucinogenic Powers

4605:

Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture

3092:

Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices and Cultures

2772:

Samorini, Giorgio (1998). "The 'Mushroom-Trees' in Christian Art".

2123: 1839: 1668: 1459: 1296:

is often described as a key feature of the psychedelic experience.

1098: 1043: 1020: 961: 869: 769: 761: 577:. Numerous other plants used in shamanic ritual in Africa, such as 515: 511: 507: 465: 256: 163:

is often described as a key feature of the psychedelic experience.

6629: 5940: 3263:"НАРКОТИКИ.РУ | Наркотики на Руси. Первый этап: Древняя Русь" 3007:"2CB chosen over traditional entheogen's by South African healers" 2757:

Samorini, Giorgio (1997). "The 'Mushroom-Tree' of Plaincourault".

1363:. It has been used in food and drink as early as 1000 BCE by 7175: 7105: 6995: 6756: 6731: 6376: 6147: 6002: 5910: 5890: 5867: 5820: 5757: 5697: 5611: 5571: 5481: 5441: 5386: 5198: 5193: 5173: 5143: 4034:

Figs, dates, laurel, and myrrh: plants of the Bible and the Quran

3697:"2CB chosen over traditional entheogens by South African healers" 2467: 1784:

Notable early testing of the entheogenic experience includes the

1766: 1727: 1713: 1671:

effect which is embraced as both emotional and physical purging.

1639: 1455: 1324: 1001: 979: 852: 828: 799: 694: 610: 437: 398: 4629:"Entheogenic Education: Psychedelics as Tools of Wonder and Awe" 3512:((F.Muell.) F.Muell.) (Solanaceae), Trade of Central Australia." 3104: 882:, which causes serious intoxication with unpredictable effects. 290:

those documented for ritual ingestion of traditional entheogens.

7185: 7140: 7110: 7062: 7057: 7052: 6965: 6948: 6943: 6870: 6105: 5960: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5556: 5511: 5486: 5476: 5431: 5421: 5331: 5326: 5291: 5286: 5258: 5203: 5138: 5133: 5028: 4998: 4894: 4594:

Religion and Psychoactive Sacraments: An Entheogen Chrestomathy

3743:"The Bhang Lassi Is How Hindus Drink Themselves High for Shiva" 2156: 2055: 1613: 1591: 1563: 1474: 1434: 1300: 1195: 1162: 1059: 1024: 1009: 965: 937: 915: 690: 664: 644: 538: 485: 416: 380: 129: 3394:"Benjamin Thomas Ethnobotany & Anthropology Research Page" 3065: 2233:

List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids

1215:

and its leaves and any chewing mixture containing its leaves.

1058:

It has been suggested that the ritual use of small amounts of

468:, who brought it with him from his birthplace in the mythical 375:

Most of the well-known modern examples of entheogens, such as

7715: 7155: 7150: 7130: 7120: 7047: 6958: 6953: 6902: 6810: 6788: 6783: 6714: 5935: 5895: 5843: 5826: 5785: 5652: 5621: 5581: 5536: 5361: 5351: 5208: 5103: 5098: 5023: 4993: 2710:"Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures" 1819:, showing that under controlled conditions psilocybin causes 1664: 1381: 1364: 1348: 1299:

Entheogens used in the contemporary world include biota like

890: 686: 672: 660: 615: 594:

over their traditional plants; they refer to the chemical as

542: 326: 241: 240:". The Greeks used it as praise for poets and other artists. 231: 225: 219: 213: 207: 4580:

Psychoactive Sacramentals: Essays on Entheogens and Religion

2873:

Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa

790: 7145: 7077: 6845: 6803: 5930: 5915: 5616: 5416: 5406: 5396: 5268: 5218: 5083: 5033: 2951:"Traditional Use of Psychoactive Mushrooms in Ivory Coast?" 2139:, a theme that seems to be inspired by John Allegro's book. 1737: 1493:(2010) and others identify the plant in question as either 1478: 1320: 1151:

are known to use several species of entheogenic mushrooms (

1112: 953: 941: 807: 622: 566: 514:, and as mediating between the two realms. It is said that 461: 396:, the "pressed juice" that is the subject of Book 9 of the 4055:

Conjuring Eden: Art and the Entheogenic Vision of Paradise

3968:"Cannabis and Frankincense at the Judahite Shrine of Arad" 2190:

series, the main character receives guidance after taking

2070:, perceive the regulations regarding the use of peyote as 2042:

Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal

1450:

mentioned five times in the Hebrew Bible, and used in the

1187:) or from at least one distinct population of the species 899:. The active ingredient of Soma is presumed by some to be 5253: 5078: 4167: 3770:

Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World

2532:"Self unbound: ego dissolution in psychedelic experience" 1788:, conducted by physician and theology doctoral candidate 810:

plant before engaging in extended meditation and prayer.

551:. Although the ancient Egyptians may have been using the 27:

Psychoactive substances that induce spiritual experiences

4807:

Eleusis - Journal of Psychoactive Plants & Compounds

3414: 5168: 4083:, Michael S. Hoffman, Journal of Higher Criticism, 2007 3455: 2882:

by James W. Fernandez, Princeton University Press, 1982

1093: 518:'s crime was inviting commoners to share his ambrosia. 4074:

Wasson and Allegro on the Tree of Knowledge as Amanita

3878:"Psychedelics and Spiritual Practice - Jack Kornfield" 1815:

Beginning in 2006, experiments have been conducted at

1706:), both of which are native to the Amazon rainforest. 697:(known as 'picietl' to the Aztecs, and 'sikar' to the 3645: 2833: 2062:

controlled substance. However, practitioners of the

820:

by Mapacho, and tobacco shamans known as tobaqueros.

659:

documented the ritual use of peyote cactus among the

4832:

Brain & Belief: An Exploration of the Human Soul

4535:

The Way of the Shaman: A Guide to Power and Healing,

4401:

Australian Government, Attorney-General's Department

3828: 3688: 2052:intended to mirror the federal RFRA's protections. 625:leaves to stay awake during long nights of prayer. 621:For centuries, religious leaders have consumed the 4592:Roberts, Thomas, and Hruby, Paula J. (1995–2003). 3740: 3532:"Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness" 3190:Weinberg, Bennett Alan; Bealer, Bonnie K. (2001). 2666: 2411:"Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness" 928:, or some combination of any of the above plants. 3966:Arie, Eran; Rosen, Baruch; Namdar, Dvory (2020). 3863:Tricycle: Buddhism & Psychedelics, Fall 1996 421:Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter. 7728: 3219:"How a drink downed by Arab mystics went global" 2827: 2587:Godlaski, Theodore M. (2011). "The God within". 2530:Letheby, Chris; Gerrans, Philip (30 June 2017). 1590:beliefs and by sacramental use of the entheogen 667:, in the 19th century its use spread throughout 4317: 3965: 3525: 3523: 3304: 3177:Notas de un botánico en el Amazonas y los Andes 3158:"Meeting The Tobacco Spirit - Reality Sandwich" 2404: 2402: 2248:List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals 2020:This test was eventually all-but-eliminated in 651:). One of the founders of modern ethno-botany, 411:transports, where joy and felicities combine... 348:Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record 7229:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament 4582:San Francisco: Council on Spiritual Practices. 4439:"Book of a Lifetime: Island, By Aldous Huxley" 4420:American Herb Association Quarterly Newsletter 4168:"The Peyote Way Church of God » Overview" 3865:https://tricycle.org/magazine-issue/fall-1996/ 3694: 3456:Ratsch, A; Steadman, KJ; Bogossian, F (2010). 3189: 2529: 1886:Legal status of psychoactive cactus by country 1586:characterized by mixed traditional as well as 751:was sucked to help keep the soul in the body. 484:hypothesises that the ambrosia of various pre- 7762:Drug classes defined by psychological effects 7316:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts 6525: 5987: 4921: 4119:"The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Substances" 3179:. Quito, Ecuador: Colección Tierra Incógnita. 3098: 2673:Nichols DE (February 2004). "Hallucinogens". 1994:For the individual, the court must determine 1139:There are no known uses of entheogens by the 1019:A theory that naturally-occurring gases like 952:Fermented honey, known in Northern Europe as 545:, who used a preparation of the root bark of 4360: 3609: 3520: 3517:. 2012; 10:037-044. Retrieved 30 April 2015. 2891: 2525: 2523: 2399: 2356: 2315: 2077:Peyote Way Church of God, Inc. v. Thornburgh 281:of the same drugs. The meanings of the term 4608:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 649–651. 3787: 3766: 3651: 3109:(in Spanish). Banrep.gov.co. Archived from 2707: 2580: 1269:people performing a Salvia ritual dance in 1236:It has been suggested that this section be 431:, and the unidentified "lotus" (likely the 6532: 6518: 6065:Association for Research and Enlightenment 5994: 5980: 4928: 4914: 4436: 3942:", in Vera Rubin; Lambros Comitas (eds.), 3308:The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea 3298: 3028:The Nexus Factor - An Introduction to 2C-B 2819:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1923: 1717:A Native American peyote drummer (c. 1927) 1402:mushroom was used by the Tantric Buddhist 1000:, the initiation ceremony for the cult of 914:to suggest that Soma could have also been 537:The best-known entheogen-using culture of 406:that embodies the nature of an entheogen: 364:suggest early ceremonial practices by the 4601: 4488: 4294: 4219: 3903: 3588: 3582: 3565: 3547: 3483: 3473: 3462:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3432: 2725: 2563: 2520: 2503: 2485: 2444: 2426: 936:The earliest credible evidence of either 202:). The term is derived from two words of 6539: 4511: 4462: 3508:"Quantifying the Mulligan River Pituri, 3311:. Oxford University Press. p. 305. 2948: 2771: 2756: 2586: 2058:is listed by the United States DEA as a 2050:State Religious Freedom Restoration Acts 1761: 1712: 1553: 1529:The historical picture portrayed by the 1522:real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 1433: 1388:, the gods send hemp to the human race. 1261: 1097:A sign showing a "Kava licence area" at 1092: 838: 789: 701:(from where the word 'cigar' derives)), 609: 4935: 4707:Journal of Drug Education and Awareness 3721: 3515:Ethnobotany Research & Applications 3500: 3279: 3183: 3066:Cecilia Garcia, James D. Adams (2005). 2840:. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. 2834:Staples, Danny; Carl A.P. Ruck (1994). 2672: 2325:Journal of Drug Education and Awareness 2009:that it is acting in furtherance of a " 1038:. Some academics argue that the use of 14: 7729: 7635:List of people executed for witchcraft 4697: 4646: 4626: 4437:Gunesekera, Romesh (26 January 2012). 3940:Early Diffusions and Folk Uses of Hemp 3449: 3380:"Psilocybian mushrooms in New Zealand" 3216: 3174: 3105:Museo del Oro, Banco de la República. 3059: 2470:"DMT Models the Near-Death Experience" 1792:under the supervision of psychologist 1513:For non-psychoactive use of wine, see 1406:tradition of the 8th to 12th century. 7604:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire 6513: 5975: 4909: 4819:, Albert Hofmann, Christian Ratsch - 3831:American Journal of Ethnopharmacology 3331: 2786: 2082:American Indian Religious Freedom Act 1938:Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1612:religion founded in the 1930s in the 1008:involving the use of a drug known as 285:was formally defined by Ruck et al.: 6001: 4873:Kava: From Ethnology to Pharmacology 4578:Roberts, Thomas B. (editor) (2001). 4550: 4537:Harper & Row Publishers, NY 1980 3793: 3741:Staelens, Stefanie (10 March 2015). 3386: 3273: 2708:Carod-Artal, F.J. (1 January 2015). 2136:The Transmigration of Timothy Archer 1909:Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms 1880:Legal status of ayahuasca by country 1808:subsequent to the ingestion of pure 1222: 735:and has been used in ceremonies and 4775:"Ten Years of Therapy in One Night" 4207:from the original on 17 August 2023 4146:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 4116: 3773:. Harvard Univ. Press. p. 39. 3334:Kava from ethnology to pharmacology 1949:Dimethyltryptamine § Australia 1903:Legal status of ibogaine by country 1674: 1626:by Raimundo Irineu Serra, known as 435:) eaten by the Lotus-Eaters in the 24: 7701:Left-hand path and right-hand path 7276:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus 5663:Eutheism, dystheism, and maltheism 4859:TYR: Myth—Culture—Tradition Vol. 2 4851:The Sacred Plants of our Ancestors 4526: 4018:. Note, the second edition of the 3506:Silcock JL, Tischler M, Smith MA. 3358:"Macropiper Excelsum - Maori Kava" 2253:List of substances used in rituals 1896:Global cannabis legalization table 55:List of substances used in rituals 53:For comparison of entheogens, see 46:For religious views on drugs, see 25: 7783: 4887: 4375:10.2174/1874473708666150107155042 3724:Journal for the Study of Religion 3042:Photo by Erowid. 2002 Erowid.org 2297:Scholarly approaches to mysticism 2028:Religious Freedom Restoration Act 1931: 600:Medicine of the Singing Ancestors 249:Ruck et al. argued that the term 190:, Jeremy Bigwood, Danny Staples, 178:was coined in 1979 by a group of 4893: 4589:Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood. 3906:Journal of Humanistic Psychology 2687:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002 2087: 1975: 1918:Legal status of Salvia divinorum 1227: 785: 764:hunter-gatherer cultures of the 561:mushroom, and that the Egyptian 124:, divination, meditation, yoga, 85: 74: 4505: 4456: 4430: 4411: 4389: 4354: 4311: 4262: 4189: 4178: 4160: 4133: 4110: 4098: 4086: 4067: 4048: 4039: 4026: 3998: 3959: 3949: 3932: 3897: 3869: 3857: 3822: 3760: 3734: 3715: 3408: 3372: 3350: 3325: 3255: 3229: 3210: 3168: 3150: 3125: 3084: 3045: 3033: 3021: 2999: 2977: 2942: 2885: 2866: 2791:. Princeton. pp. 147–149. 2780: 2765: 2750: 2675:Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2238:List of plants used for smoking 1957:was considering changes to the 1858: 1853: 1508: 1396:It has been suggested that the 972:world are intertwined with the 598:, which roughly translates to " 7399:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy 7260:Summis desiderantes affectibus 4875:, 2004, Taylor & Francis, 4403:. 24 June 2010. Archived from 3808:10.1080/02791072.1981.10471447 3695:Chen Cho Dorge (20 May 2010). 3666:10.1080/02791072.2005.10399800 3217:McHugo, John (18 April 2013). 2701: 2648:10.1080/02791072.1979.10472098 2623: 2461: 2350: 2309: 2181:The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger 1600: 1218: 1053: 605: 325:, derived from the Greek word 166: 13: 1: 4746:Carl Ruck and Danny Staples, 4656:Canadian Journal of Education 4275:Journal of Psychopharmacology 4197:"Liber 15 – The Gnostic Mass" 3984:10.1080/03344355.2020.1732046 3796:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 3699:. Evolver.net. Archived from 3654:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 3332:Singh, Yadhu N., ed. (2004). 3136:. Bantam. 1992. p. 196. 3094:. ABC-CLIO. 2004. p. 18. 3009:. Tacethno.com. 27 March 2008 2536:Neuroscience of Consciousness 2366:Canadian Journal of Education 2302: 2151:(1962), depicted a fictional 2122:Consumption of the imaginary 1955:Australian Federal Government 1870:Legal status of psychoactive 1446:, who claimed that the plant 39:. For the musical group, see 7404:accusations against children 7300:The Discoverie of Witchcraft 4713:(2): 145–161. Archived from 4010:. 1st Ed. Volume 8. p. 323. 3843:10.1016/0378-8741(95)01292-L 3619:Journal of Ethnopharmacology 3280:Allegro, John Marco (1970). 2901:Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2727:10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.07.010 2714:Neurología (English Edition) 2636:Journal of Psychedelic Drugs 2601:10.3109/10826084.2011.561722 2023:Employment Division v. Smith 1942: 1736:, consisting of a goblet of 1319:), and synthetic drugs like 968:. Its religious uses in the 956:, was an early entheogen in 931: 804:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta 521: 342:History of entheogenic drugs 327: 297:Journal of Psychedelic Drugs 242: 232: 226: 214: 7: 4809:n.s. vol 4 (no current url) 4748:The World of Classical Myth 4698:Tupper, Kenneth W. (2003). 4647:Tupper, Kenneth W. (2002). 4627:Tupper, Kenneth W. (2014). 4320:Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3767:Courtwright, David (2001). 3196:. Routledge. pp. 3–4. 2243:List of psychoactive plants 2226: 2119:(folding space) navigation. 1953:Between 2011 and 2012, the 1836:institutional review boards 1747: 1549: 1391: 1344:Entheogenic use of cannabis 1337: 628: 528:Regional forms of shamanism 10: 7788: 7324:Daemonolatreiae libri tres 4363:Current Drug Abuse Reviews 2949:Samorini, Giorgio (1995). 2155: – termed " 1964:Floral Emblem of Australia 1946: 1935: 1798:Harvard Psilocybin Project 1751: 1725: 1721: 1519: 1512: 1427: 1423: 1341: 1253:Proposed since March 2024. 1081: 910:. However, there are also 851:The indigenous peoples of 632: 525: 345: 339: 335: 220: 208: 29: 7668: 7647: 7612: 7596: 7554: 7503: 7472: 7441: 7432: 7389: 7382: 7356:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men 7219: 7096: 6936: 6749: 6682: 6558: 6551: 6352: 6176: 6093: 6057: 6009: 5866: 5766: 5630: 5277: 4966: 4943: 4481:10.1007/s11019-007-9059-1 4240:10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5 3631:10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.012 3336:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 3107:"Museo del Oro, Colombia" 3040:Ubulawu Nomathotholo Pack 2985:"Ethnobotanical Research" 2913:10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.028 2048:Some states have enacted 2011:compelling state interest 1777:'s Marsh Chapel, site of 1036:Slavic and Baltic peoples 983:names, as transmitted by 947: 889:, mentioned often in the 639:Entheogenics and the Maya 532: 454:brought knowledge of was 7686:Christian views on magic 7364:The Discovery of Witches 7236:Directorium Inquisitorum 6158:Transpersonal psychology 6111:Human Potential Movement 4871:Yadhu N. Singh, editor, 4787:1 22-27 (no current url) 4763:, 2000, Tarcher/Putnam, 4512:Sterling, Bruce (1997). 4287:10.1177/0269881111420188 3918:10.1177/0022167899391009 3549:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475 3305:Taylor, Joan E. (2012). 3284:. Hodder and Stoughton. 2787:Mayor, Adrienne (2014). 2589:Substance Use and Misuse 2487:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01424 2428:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475 2068:Native American religion 2064:Peyote Way Church of God 2036:City of Boerne v. Flores 1959:Australian Criminal Code 1817:Johns Hopkins University 1659:Ceremonies – 1584:Native American religion 1448:kaneh bosem קְנֵה-בֹשֶׂם 885:Also, the ancient drink 859:was borrowed) have used 60:Not to be confused with 7292:De praestigiis daemonum 7244:De maleficis mulieribus 6489:Psychological astrology 4953:Outline of spirituality 4735:, Oakland, California. 3536:Frontiers in Psychology 3421:Rural and Remote Health 2961:: 22–27. Archived from 2474:Frontiers in Psychology 2415:Frontiers in Psychology 1924:By country or territory 1786:Marsh Chapel Experiment 1779:Marsh Chapel Experiment 1574:(NAC) is also known as 1016:of the Hindus as well. 834: 635:Aztec use of entheogens 106:psychoactive substances 7348:Compendium Maleficarum 7340:Magical Investigations 7231:(8th–2nd centuries BC) 6397:Creative visualization 6037:Progressive electronic 5797:The Cloud of Unknowing 4817:Richard Evans Schultes 4801:8 January 2017 at the 4469:Med Health Care Philos 4093:Daturas for the Virgin 4079:14 August 2007 at the 4060:14 August 2007 at the 3475:10.1186/1746-4269-6-26 3396:. Shaman-australis.com 2287:Psychology of religion 2258:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine 2216:Casey William Hardison 1907:Psilocybin mushrooms: 1832:peer-reviewed research 1781: 1718: 1572:Native American Church 1567: 1439: 1305:Native American Church 1273: 1179:Aboriginal Australians 1109: 1088:indigenous Australians 848: 795: 653:Richard Evans Schultes 618: 413: 333: 301: 192:Richard Evans Schultes 153:near-death experiences 128:, asceticism, prayer, 6971:Cloak of invisibility 6727:Solitary practitioner 6640:Witch-cult hypothesis 6289:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 5781:Akilattirattu Ammanai 4958:Category:Spirituality 4835:, 2004, AEGIS PRESS, 4752:Introductory excerpts 4557:. U of Washington P. 4551:Pegg, Carole (2001). 4463:Schermer, MH (2007). 4426:(3): 14. Summer 2012. 4004:Roth, Cecil. (1972). 3591:Psychoanalytic Review 3193:The world of caffeine 3132:"Shamanic Tobaccos". 2892:S.R. Berlant (2005). 2357:Tupper, K.W. (2002). 2316:Tupper, K.W. (2003). 2153:psychoactive mushroom 1884:Psychoactive cactus: 1806:religious experiences 1765: 1716: 1686:. The translation of 1557: 1437: 1265: 1193:. Various species of 1096: 1066:-containing acacia). 842: 802:people of Colombia's 793: 649:Lophophora williamsii 613: 480:, in his foreword to 408: 309: 307:wrote the following: 287: 132:, rituals, chanting, 7691:Magical organization 7206:Witches of Benevento 6432:Higher consciousness 6372:Alternative medicine 5775:A Course in Miracles 5239:Spiritual possession 5069:Ethic of reciprocity 4902:at Wikimedia Commons 4685:on 23 September 2015 4185:Mestre Irineu photos 4032:Lytton J. Musselman 4020:Encyclopedia Judaica 4007:Encyclopedia Judaica 3946:. Moutan, pp. 39–49. 3944:Cannabis and Culture 2938:on 22 December 2009. 2878:28 June 2006 at the 2395:on 29 December 2004. 2292:Religion and alcohol 2263:Psilocybin mushrooms 1892:Legality of cannabis 1821:mystical experiences 1754:Eleusinian Mysteries 1697:Banisteriopsis caapi 1430:Cannabis and Judaism 1290:mystical experiences 998:Eleusinian Mysteries 974:mythology of the bee 855:(from whom the term 823:A ritual use by the 757:Sophora secundiflora 703:psilocybin mushrooms 596:Ubulawu Nomathotholo 571:psilocybin mushrooms 565:, Triple Crown, and 494:psilocybin mushrooms 385:psilocybin mushrooms 157:mystical experiences 7747:Religious practices 7308:Newes from Scotland 7268:Malleus Maleficarum 6645:Anglo-Saxon England 6484:Religious pluralism 6387:Bicameral mentality 6344:Marianne Williamson 6329:Neale Donald Walsch 6168:Western esotericism 6080:Findhorn Foundation 6017:New Age communities 5229:Spiritual evolution 5159:Planes of existence 4937:Modern spirituality 4794:Macropiper excelsum 4407:on 7 November 2011. 3938:Benet, S. (1975). " 3703:on 3 September 2013 3175:Spruce, R. (1996). 2987:. ethnobotany.co.za 2268:Psychedelic therapy 1773:above the altar at 1692:Union of the Plants 1636:Kardecist Spiritism 1502:Cymbopogon citratus 1373:Indian subcontinent 1361:Indian subcontinent 958:Aegean civilization 780:Paleoethnobotanical 705:, morning glories ( 464:, the entheogen of 295:Ruck et al., 1979, 273:. In modern usage, 134:imitation of sounds 126:sensory deprivation 7772:Spiritual practice 7660:Witches in fiction 7648:In popular culture 7222:historic treatises 6494:Sun sign astrology 6085:New World Alliance 6049:New Age travellers 4720:on 9 October 2007. 4418:"Aussie DMT Ban". 4228:Psychopharmacology 4117:Rudgley, Richard. 3510:Duboisia hopwoodii 2346:on 9 October 2007. 2282:Psychoactive cacti 1983:Sherbert v. Verner 1782: 1719: 1703:Psychotria viridis 1568: 1452:holy anointing oil 1440: 1353:edible preparation 1332:Rastafari movement 1274: 1271:Huautla de Jiménez 1243:Religion and drugs 1213:Duboisia hopwoodii 1190:Duboisia hopwoodii 1110: 1103:Northern Territory 1070:John Marco Allegro 849: 843:Salvia divinorum ( 827:involves drinking 796: 731:is sacred to some 680:Calia secundiflora 657:Harvard University 619: 558:Psilocybe cubensis 48:Religion and drugs 41:Entheogenic (band) 7724: 7723: 7681:Witch (archetype) 7643: 7642: 7592: 7591: 6918:Sympathetic magic 6745: 6744: 6507: 6506: 6479:Quantum mysticism 6459:Michael Teachings 6442:Law of attraction 6106:Hippie subculture 5969: 5968: 5815:Guru Granth Sahib 5753:Transcendentalism 5607:Wearing vestments 5492:Religious ecstasy 5317:Bearing testimony 4898:Media related to 4773:Daniel Pinchbeck, 4546:978-0-89281-978-2 4533:Harner, Michael, 4281:(11): 1453–1461. 3884:on 5 October 2014 3318:978-0-19-955448-5 3203:978-0-415-92723-9 2595:(10): 1217–1222. 2548:10.1093/nc/nix016 2199:Alastair Reynolds 2117:faster-than-light 1775:Boston University 1307:), extracts like 1260: 1259: 1255: 1121:Piper Methysticum 925:Atropa belladonna 875:Datura stramonium 865:as an entheogen. 814:Nicotiana rustica 775:Datura stramonium 714:Turbina corymbosa 548:Tabernanthe iboga 271:1960s pop culture 230:). The adjective 110:psychedelic drugs 33:Psychoactive drug 16:(Redirected from 7779: 7655:Magic in fiction 7485:Northern Moravia 7439: 7438: 7419:Papua New Guinea 7387: 7386: 7171:Nine sorceresses 6923:Witches' Sabbath 6772:Ceremonial magic 6762:Apotropaic magic 6556: 6555: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6511: 6510: 6499:Yoga as exercise 6284:Shirley MacLaine 6279:Max Freedom Long 6234:Marilyn Ferguson 6214:Carlos Castaneda 6070:Esalen Institute 6003:New Age movement 5996: 5989: 5982: 5973: 5972: 5850:The Urantia Book 5542:Self-realization 5322:Being born again 5302:Ancestor worship 4930: 4923: 4916: 4907: 4906: 4897: 4855:Christian Rätsch 4829:John J. McGraw, 4781:Giorgio Samorini 4733:Ronin Publishing 4721: 4719: 4704: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4684: 4678:. Archived from 4653: 4643: 4633: 4623: 4622:on 15 July 2014. 4618:. Archived from 4575: 4573: 4571: 4520: 4519: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4492: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4298: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4201:sacred-texts.com 4193: 4187: 4182: 4176: 4175: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4071: 4065: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4030: 4024: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3963: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3901: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3880:. Archived from 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3569: 3551: 3527: 3518: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3487: 3477: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3436: 3434:10.22605/RRH4044 3412: 3406: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3360:. Entheology.org 3354: 3348: 3347: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3267:www.narkotiki.ru 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3164:. 27 March 2014. 3162:Reality Sandwich 3154: 3148: 3147: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3120: 3118: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3070:. Abedus Press. 3063: 3057: 3056: 3049: 3043: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2981: 2975: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2931:. Archived from 2907:(2005): 275–88. 2898: 2889: 2883: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2854:on 15 April 2012 2850:. Archived from 2831: 2825: 2824: 2818: 2810: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2729: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2662:on 16 July 2012. 2658:. Archived from 2642:(1–2): 145–146. 2627: 2621: 2620: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2567: 2527: 2518: 2517: 2507: 2489: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2448: 2430: 2406: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2388:. Archived from 2363: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2339:. Archived from 2322: 2313: 2145:'s final novel, 2030:(RFRA) of 1993. 1969:Acacia pycnantha 1914:Salvia divinorum 1830:. The amount of 1828:drug prohibition 1700:) and Chacrona ( 1688:União do Vegetal 1680:União do Vegetal 1675:União do Vegetal 1632:Folk Catholicism 1582:. Peyotism is a 1515:Sacramental wine 1505:, not cannabis. 1487:Hans Arne Jensen 1468:Kingdom of Judah 1399:Amanita muscaria 1317:União do Vegetal 1251: 1231: 1230: 1223: 1149:Papua New Guinea 1075:Amanita muscaria 1029:Classical Greece 896:Amanita muscaria 862:Amanita muscaria 806:use to chew the 772:and jimsonweed ( 760:was used by the 754:The mescal bean 737:rites of passage 733:Native Americans 720:Salvia divinorum 708:Ipomoea tricolor 671:, replacing the 553:sacred blue lily 506:was regarded as 504:Amanita muscaria 490:Amanita muscaria 482:The Greek Myths, 457:Amanita muscaria 433:sacred blue lily 358:Giorgio Samorini 354:R. Gordon Wasson 330: 305:David E. Nichols 299: 279:recreational use 245: 235: 229: 223: 222: 217: 211: 210: 200:R. Gordon Wasson 182:and scholars of 140:, drumming, and 89: 78: 65: 58: 51: 44: 21: 7787: 7786: 7782: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7777: 7776: 7737:1979 neologisms 7727: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7664: 7639: 7608: 7588: 7550: 7504:Northern Europe 7499: 7468: 7428: 7378: 7221: 7215: 7098: 7092: 7031:Magical weapons 6981:Flying ointment 6932: 6777:Magical formula 6741: 6678: 6625:Greece and Rome 6547: 6538: 6508: 6503: 6437:Indigo children 6412:Earth mysteries 6402:Crystal healing 6367:Age of Aquarius 6362:2012 phenomenon 6348: 6294:Claudio Naranjo 6172: 6121:Integral theory 6089: 6053: 6005: 6000: 5970: 5965: 5862: 5810:Hindu scripture 5762: 5626: 5497:Religious music 5273: 5119:Meaning of life 4979:Akashic Records 4962: 4939: 4934: 4890: 4885: 4857:, published in 4803:Wayback Machine 4725:Stafford, Peter 4717: 4702: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4668:10.2307/1602247 4651: 4631: 4616: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4529: 4527:Further reading 4524: 4523: 4510: 4506: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4435: 4431: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4395: 4394: 4390: 4359: 4355: 4332:10.1038/nrn3530 4316: 4312: 4267: 4263: 4224: 4220: 4210: 4208: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4179: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4121:. mescaline.com 4115: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4091: 4087: 4081:Wayback Machine 4072: 4068: 4062:Wayback Machine 4053: 4049: 4044: 4040: 4031: 4027: 4003: 3999: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3950: 3937: 3933: 3902: 3898: 3887: 3885: 3876: 3874: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3827: 3823: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3739: 3735: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3704: 3693: 3689: 3650: 3646: 3614: 3610: 3587: 3583: 3528: 3521: 3505: 3501: 3454: 3450: 3413: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3378: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3344: 3330: 3326: 3319: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3278: 3274: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3215: 3211: 3204: 3188: 3184: 3173: 3169: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3103: 3099: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3078: 3064: 3060: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3038: 3034: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2947: 2943: 2935: 2896: 2890: 2886: 2880:Wayback Machine 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2848: 2832: 2828: 2812: 2811: 2799: 2785: 2781: 2770: 2766: 2755: 2751: 2706: 2702: 2671: 2667: 2628: 2624: 2585: 2581: 2528: 2521: 2466: 2462: 2407: 2400: 2392: 2378:10.2307/1602247 2361: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2229: 2212:Daniel Waterman 2133:'s last novel, 2090: 2060:Schedule I 1978: 1951: 1945: 1940: 1934: 1926: 1861: 1856: 1760: 1750: 1730: 1724: 1677: 1646:South American 1603: 1580:Peyote Religion 1552: 1524: 1518: 1511: 1464:8th century BCE 1432: 1426: 1394: 1346: 1340: 1294:Ego dissolution 1256: 1232: 1228: 1221: 1157:Boletus manicus 1084: 1056: 950: 934: 837: 816:is used in the 788: 728:Datura wrightii 641: 631: 614:Khat leaves of 608: 580:Silene capensis 535: 530: 524: 389:morning glories 350: 344: 338: 300: 294: 188:Carl A. 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Ruck 169: 161:Ego dissolution 99: 98: 97: 96: 92: 91: 90: 81: 80: 79: 66: 59: 52: 45: 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7785: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7672: 7670: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7644: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7606: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7586: 7585: 7584: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7558: 7556: 7555:Western Europe 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7507: 7505: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7476: 7474: 7473:Eastern Europe 7470: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7445: 7443: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7395: 7393: 7384: 7380: 7379: 7377: 7376: 7368: 7360: 7352: 7344: 7336: 7328: 7320: 7312: 7304: 7296: 7288: 7280: 7272: 7264: 7256: 7248: 7240: 7232: 7225: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7213: 7211:Witch of Endor 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7102: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7088:Witch's ladder 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6951: 6946: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6786: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6753: 6751: 6747: 6746: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6718: 6717: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6686: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6674: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6585: 6584: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6562: 6560: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6537: 6536: 6529: 6522: 6514: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6358: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6319:David Spangler 6316: 6311: 6306: 6304:James Redfield 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6264:Michael Harner 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6229:Benjamin Creme 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6184:José Argüelles 6180: 6178: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6019: 6013: 6011: 6007: 6006: 5999: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5976: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5872: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5860: 5853: 5846: 5841: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5800: 5793: 5791:Book of Mormon 5788: 5783: 5778: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5634: 5632: 5631:Belief systems 5628: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5154:Parapsychology 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5114:Lataif-e-sitta 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5059:Eternal return 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5019:Creation myths 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4970: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4933: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4889: 4888:External links 4886: 4884: 4883: 4869: 4861:, 2003–2004 - 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Dick 2120: 2089: 2086: 2072:discriminating 2018: 2017: 2014: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1977: 1974: 1947:Main article: 1944: 1941: 1936:Main article: 1933: 1932:United Nations 1930: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1749: 1746: 1726:Main article: 1723: 1720: 1684:Mestre Gabriel 1676: 1673: 1602: 1599: 1551: 1548: 1510: 1507: 1496:Acorus calamus 1483:Michael Zohary 1462:dating to the 1428:Main article: 1425: 1422: 1417:Jack Kornfield 1393: 1390: 1375:come from the 1359:native to the 1342:Main article: 1339: 1336: 1258: 1257: 1235: 1233: 1226: 1220: 1217: 1083: 1080: 1055: 1052: 949: 946: 933: 930: 845:Herba de Maria 836: 833: 825:Quechua people 787: 784: 630: 627: 607: 604: 583:sacred to the 534: 531: 523: 520: 452:Indo-Europeans 340:Main article: 337: 334: 292: 180:ethnobotanists 168: 165: 142:ecstatic dance 94: 93: 84: 83: 82: 73: 72: 71: 70: 69: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7784: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 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7277: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7254: 7253: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7241: 7238: 7237: 7233: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7218: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7201:Three Witches 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7161:Morgan le Fay 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7095: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7006:Kitchen witch 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6935: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 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6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6407:Earth Changes 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6351: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6324:Eckhart Tolle 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6269:Andrew Harvey 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6254:Linda Goodman 6252: 6250: 6249:Shakti Gawain 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6219:Deepak Chopra 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6194:James Brennan 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6132:Seth Material 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6092: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6023: 6022:New-age music 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5997: 5992: 5990: 5985: 5983: 5978: 5977: 5974: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5956:Seven virtues 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5946:Moral courage 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5678:Kathenotheism 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5643:Anthroposophy 5641: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5587:Vegetarianism 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5567:Sufi whirling 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5552:Simple living 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5457:Nonresistance 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5417:Koan practice 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5382:Faith healing 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5357:Contemplation 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5249:Synchronicity 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5179:Reincarnation 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5044:Enlightenment 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5004:Consciousness 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4919: 4917: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4882: 4881:0-415-32327-4 4878: 4874: 4870: 4868: 4867:0-9720292-1-4 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4841:0-9747645-0-7 4838: 4834: 4833: 4828: 4826: 4825:0-89281-979-0 4822: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792:"Māori kava ( 4790:M. Bock 2000 4789: 4786: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4770: 4769:1-58542-034-4 4766: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4741:0-914171-18-6 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4723: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4701: 4696: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4636:MAPS Bulletin 4630: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4615:9781576076453 4611: 4607: 4606: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4581: 4577: 4566: 4564:9780295981123 4560: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4517: 4516: 4508: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4475:(2): 119–28. 4474: 4470: 4466: 4459: 4444: 4440: 4433: 4425: 4421: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4357: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4326:(8): 577–85. 4325: 4321: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4181: 4173: 4172:peyoteway.org 4169: 4163: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4136: 4120: 4113: 4106: 4101: 4094: 4089: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4070: 4063: 4059: 4056: 4051: 4042: 4035: 4029: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4001: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3952: 3945: 3941: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3900: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3837:(2): 99–118. 3836: 3832: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3782: 3780:0-674-00458-2 3776: 3772: 3771: 3763: 3748: 3744: 3737: 3730:(2): 214–237. 3729: 3725: 3718: 3702: 3698: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3524: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3411: 3395: 3389: 3382:. Erowid.org. 3381: 3375: 3359: 3353: 3345: 3339: 3335: 3328: 3320: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3301: 3293: 3291:0-340-12875-5 3287: 3283: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3258: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3213: 3205: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3186: 3178: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3145: 3143:0-553-37130-4 3139: 3135: 3128: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3093: 3087: 3079: 3077:0-9763091-0-6 3073: 3069: 3062: 3054: 3048: 3041: 3036: 3029: 3024: 3008: 3002: 2986: 2980: 2965:on 8 May 2014 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2945: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2895: 2888: 2881: 2877: 2874: 2869: 2853: 2849: 2847:0-89089-575-9 2843: 2839: 2838: 2830: 2822: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2798:9780691147208 2794: 2790: 2783: 2775: 2768: 2760: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2542:(1): nix016. 2541: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2524: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2464: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2405: 2403: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2360: 2353: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2319: 2312: 2308: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2273:Psychoactive 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2143:Aldous Huxley 2141: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2102:Frank Herbert 2099: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2088:In literature 2085: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2037: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2007: 2006: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1988:Supreme Court 1985: 1984: 1976:United States 1973: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1950: 1939: 1929: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1867: 1864:Psychoactive 1863: 1862: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794:Timothy Leary 1791: 1790:Walter Pahnke 1787: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1745: 1743: 1742:Cake of Light 1739: 1735: 1729: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1699: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628:Mestre Irineu 1625: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1547: 1544: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1491:James A. Duke 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1436: 1431: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1413: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:ancient India 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1225: 1224: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1089: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 994: 992: 991: 986: 981: 977: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 945: 943: 939: 929: 927: 926: 921: 917: 913: 909: 907: 902: 898: 897: 892: 888: 883: 881: 877: 876: 871: 866: 864: 863: 858: 854: 846: 841: 832: 830: 826: 821: 819: 815: 811: 809: 805: 801: 792: 786:South America 783: 781: 777: 776: 771: 770:Texas buckeye 767: 763: 759: 758: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 729: 724: 722: 721: 716: 715: 710: 709: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 685: 681: 677: 674: 670: 669:North America 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 640: 636: 626: 624: 617: 612: 603: 601: 597: 593: 588: 586: 582: 581: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 559: 554: 550: 549: 544: 540: 529: 519: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 500: 496:of the genus 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 478:Robert Graves 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 458: 453: 448: 446: 445: 440: 439: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 412: 407: 405: 401: 400: 395: 390: 386: 382: 378: 373: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 349: 343: 332: 329: 324: 319: 315: 308: 306: 298: 291: 286: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 263: 258: 254: 253: 247: 244: 239: 234: 228: 216: 205: 204:Ancient Greek 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 174: 164: 162: 158: 154: 150: 145: 143: 139: 136:, hymns like 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 118:transcendence 113: 111: 107: 103: 88: 77: 68: 63: 56: 49: 42: 38: 34: 19: 7767:Drug culture 7757:Spirituality 7676:Witch (word) 7625:Witch's mark 7434:Early Modern 7370: 7362: 7354: 7346: 7338: 7332:Daemonologie 7330: 7322: 7314: 7306: 7298: 7290: 7284:Laienspiegel 7282: 7274: 7266: 7258: 7250: 7242: 7234: 7166:Muma Pădurii 7097:Folklore and 7068:Sator Square 7021:Magic circle 7016:Magic carpet 6976:Crystal ball 6913:Spiritualism 6820: 6737:Witch doctor 6620:Cunning folk 6469:Neoshamanism 6339:Stuart Wilde 6309:Jane Roberts 6224:Paulo Coelho 6204:Eileen Caddy 6199:Rhonda Byrne 6189:Richard Bach 6163:UFO religion 6143:Spirituality 6138:Spiritualism 6130: 6032:Neoclassical 5855: 5848: 5838:Tao Te Ching 5836: 5819: 5802: 5795: 5773: 5733:Spiritualism 5562:Supplication 5366: 5244:Supernatural 5234:Spiritualism 5109:Kevala jnana 5039:Emanationism 4948:Spirituality 4872: 4850: 4831: 4812: 4806: 4793: 4784: 4760: 4757:Huston Smith 4747: 4729:Psychedelics 4728: 4715:the original 4710: 4706: 4687:. 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