146:, the new drum of a shaman must go through a special ritual. This is regarded as "giving the drum life": the tree and the deer who gave their wood and skin for the new drum narrate their whole lives and promise to the shaman that they will serve him. The ritual itself involves a
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were sung during shamanistic rites,; this memory is conserved also in folklore tales of shamans. In the modern day, yoiks are sung in two different styles, one only used by young people. The more common style of singing, the "mumbling" style, resembles magic spell-chanting.
129:
music of the shaman could be heard: he invoked his spirits. It was performed in a way to suggest the direction of the sound was moving: implying that the shaman had flown around inside the tent before leaving it. Later, the voices of various animals (cuckoo, owl,
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shamans were accompanied by women imitating the sounds of a reindeer calf, (thought to provide fertility for women). In 1931, A. Popov observed the
Nganasan shaman Dyukhade Kosterkin imitating the sound of a polar bear in order to spiritually transform into one.
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150:: beer is poured onto the skin and wood of the drum, and these materials "come to life" and speak with the voice of the shaman in the name of the tree and the deer. Among the
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36:. Imitation of natural sounds may also serve other functions not necessarily related to shamanism, such as luring in the hunt; and entertainment (
435:
653:
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is far from being homogeneous. In some of the various cultures there, mimicking natural sounds can be present: some instances of
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as observed in yoiks with the ideals of other cultures. Some yoiks intend to mimic natural sounds. This can be contrasted with
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134:, duck, squirrel) could be heard. Later, the shaman performed a "flight" back into the tent via the song.
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shamanic song, the sounds of birds and wolves are imitated to represent the spirits helping the shaman.
757:
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317:: 164 (= Chpt 5 discussing the symbolics of shamanic drum and costume, the subsection about the drum)
521:
747:
706:
615:]. Bölcsesség • hit • mítosz (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magyar Könyvklub • Helikon Kiadó.
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Several characteristics of yoiks can be explained through comparing the concepts of musical
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368:. Translated from Hungarian by Anita Rajkay Babó. Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications.
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62:
37:
8:
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The shaman: voyages of the soul trance, ecstasy and healing from
Siberia to the Amazon
154:, this means the imitation of the behavior and the voice of the animal by the shaman.
714:
663:
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589:
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509:
508:. Musiques & musiciens du monde • Musics & musicians of the world. Montreal.
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61:. Some of their shamanistic beliefs and practice shared important features with
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25:
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Tracing shamans in
Siberia. The story of an ethnographical research expedition
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513:
388:
375:
118:
485:
294:
640:]. Népek meséi (Folktales) (in Hungarian). Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó.
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33:
122:
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Studies in
Siberian shamanism and religions of the Finno-Ugric peoples
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Pacific Rim Music
Festival, Ancient Sakhalin in Music, Song and Dance
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20:
358:. Terebess Ázsia E-Tár (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó.
96:, and also certain shamanic songs of some cultures can be examples.
436:
Site of publisher with short description on the book (in
Hungarian)
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Lapp sámánok énekes hagyománya • Singing tradition of Lapp shamans
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Sámánok nyomában Szibéria földjén. Egy néprajzi kutatóút története
353:
151:
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131:
126:
58:
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This book is published also in German, Estonian and
Finnish.
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in various cultures shows great diversity. In some cultures,
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347:. The Magazine for Traditional Music Throughout the World.
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The magic drum and the clairvoyant women. Sami folktales
569:(in Hungarian and English). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
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Le chamanisme et les techniques archaïques de'l extase
659:
Macht Musik. Musik als Glück und Nutzen für das Leben
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Macht Musik. Musik als Glück und Nutzen für das Leben
395:. Osiris könyvtár (in Hungarian). Budapest: Osiris.
504:, Faculty of Music, University of Montreal (2014).
564:
420:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
729:
506:Inuit Games and Songs • Chants et Jeux des Inuit
634:A varázsdob és a látó asszonyok. Lapp népmesék
125:tent in full darkness. Only the song and the
526:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
386:This book has been translated to Hungarian:
701:Translated from Russian by Lygia O'Riordan.
362:This book has been translated to English:
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393:A samanizmus. Az extázis ősi technikái
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693:"Aspects of the Music of the Nivkhs"
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121:shamanic séance: it took place in a
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382:(in French). Paris: Éditions Payot.
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16:Sound mimesis in shamanic practices
13:
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565:Szomjas-Schiffert, György (1996).
554:"Joik and the theory of knowledge"
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30:intentionally mimic natural sounds
14:
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588:. Living Wisdom. Duncan Baird.
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142:Among several peoples near the
117:A Russian traveler described a
63:those of some Siberian cultures
235:Szomjas-Schiffert 1996: 56, 76
1:
713:. Routledge. pp. 23–24.
332:
47:
458:. In Kilger, Gerhard (ed.).
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7:
656:. In Gerhard Kilger (ed.).
654:"Music of Shamanic Healing"
602:Translated into Hungarian:
453:"Music of Shamanic Healing"
59:shamanism among Sami groups
10:
774:
711:Shamanism. An Introduction
705:Stutley, Margaret (2002).
691:Mamcheva, Natalia (2004).
411:
387:
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276:Szomjas-Schiffert 1996: 74
253:Szomjas-Schiffert 1996: 64
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364:Diószegi, Vilmos (1968).
352:Diószegi, Vilmos (1960).
339:Deschênes, Bruno (2002).
662:. Köln: Wienand Verlag.
584:Vitebsky, Piers (1995).
462:. Köln: Wienand Verlag.
164:
137:
652:Hoppál, Mihály (2006).
451:Hoppál, Mihály (2006).
412:Hoppál, Mihály (2005).
52:
632:Voigt, Vilmos (1966).
341:"Inuit Throat-Singing"
498:Nattiez, Jean Jacques
486:"The Clean Tent Rite"
57:This holds e. g. for
552:Somby, Ánde (1995).
500:; Research Group in
90:Shamanism in Siberia
542:website curated by
414:Sámánok Eurázsiában
65:. Some of the Sami
707:"Evenki shamaness"
479:on 8 October 2007.
441:2010-01-02 at the
418:Shamans in Eurasia
345:Musical Traditions
326:Diószegi 1960: 203
191:2015-04-02 at the
758:Traditional music
544:Jerome Rothenberg
502:Musical Semiotics
305:Vitebsky 1996: 89
32:, sometimes with
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753:Sound production
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672:. Archived from
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556:. Archived from
536:available online
534:These songs are
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484:Lintrop, Aarno.
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472:. Archived from
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646:Further reading
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144:Altai Mountains
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104:The seances of
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34:onomatopoeia
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315:Eliade 2001
732:Categories
683:2012-05-08
613:The shaman
333:References
263:Somby 1995
206:Nattiez: 5
123:birch bark
48:Localities
743:Semiotics
738:Shamanism
538:from the
514:892647446
113:Obi-Ugric
100:Samoyedic
79:bel canto
38:katajjaqs
21:Shamanism
607:(1996).
439:Archived
391:(2001).
378:(1983).
189:Archived
148:libation
106:Nganasan
609:A sámán
295:Lintrop
152:Tubalar
85:Siberia
40:of the
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132:hoopoe
127:dombra
119:Khanty
75:ideals
677:(PDF)
636:[
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477:(PDF)
456:(PDF)
416:[
165:Notes
159:Soyot
157:In a
138:Altai
67:yoiks
42:Inuit
715:ISBN
664:ISBN
617:ISBN
590:ISBN
571:ISBN
528:link
510:OCLC
464:ISBN
422:ISBN
397:ISBN
53:Sami
28:may
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