Entheogen - Knowledge

65: 76: 829: 320:, which means "god within," was introduced by Ruck et al. and has seen increasing use. This term suggests that these substances reveal or allow a connection to the "divine within." Although it seems unlikely that this name will ever be accepted in formal scientific circles, its use has dramatically increased in popular media and internet sites. Indeed, in much of the counterculture that uses these substances, entheogen has replaced psychedelic as the name of choice, and we may expect to see this trend continue. 1544: 1752: 1252: 1703: 600: 1218: 4884: 1424: 780: 461:, when he returned to claim his Olympian birthright. The Indo-European proto-Greeks "recognized it as the entheogen of Zeus, and their own traditions of shamanism, the Amanita and the 'pressed juice' of Soma – but better, since no longer unpredictable and wild, the way it was found among the 1950:

that would classify any plants containing any amount of DMT as "controlled plants". DMT itself was already controlled under current laws. The proposed changes included other similar blanket bans for other substances, such as a ban on any and all plants containing mescaline or ephedrine. The proposal

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In a strict sense, only those vision-producing drugs that can be shown to have figured in shamanic or religious rites would be designated entheogens, but in a looser sense, the term could also be applied to other drugs, both natural and artificial, that induce alterations of consciousness similar to

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Splendid by Law! declaring Law, truth speaking, truthful in thy works, Enouncing faith, King Soma!... O Pavāmana (mind clarifying), place me in that deathless, undecaying world wherein the light of heaven is set, and everlasting lustre shines.... Make me immortal in that realm where happiness and

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Entheogens have been used in various ways, including as part of established religious rituals and as aids for personal spiritual development. Anthropological study has established that entheogens are used for religious, magical, shamanic, or spiritual purposes in many parts of the world. They have

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were known to use cannabis in their religious and important life ceremonies, proven by discoveries of large clay pots with burnt cannabis seeds in ancient tombs and religious shrines. Also, local oral folklore and myths tell of ancient priests that dreamed with gods and walked in the smoke. Their

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In its sessions, UDV members drink Hoasca Tea for the effect of mental concentration. In Brazil, the use of Hoasca in religious rituals was regulated by the Brazilian Federal Government's National Drug Policy Council on January 25, 2010. The policy established legal norms for the religious

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Many different names have been proposed over the years for this drug class. The famous German toxicologist Louis Lewin used the name phantastica earlier in this century, and as we shall see later, such a descriptor is not so farfetched. The most popular names – hallucinogen,

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have suggested the possibility that psychedelics could complement Buddhist practice, bring healing and help people understand their connection with everything which could lead to compassion. Kornfield warns however that addiction can still be a hindrance. Other teachers such as Michelle

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Christianity is distinct from evidence that indicates the extent to which visionary plants were utilized or forgotten in later Christianity, including heretical or quasi-Christian groups, and the question of other groups such as elites or laity within orthodox Catholic practice.

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is still the most popular and has held sway for nearly four decades. Most recently, there has been a movement in nonscientific circles to recognize the ability of these substances to provoke mystical experiences and evoke feelings of spiritual significance. Thus, the term

7360: 1083: 1961:(golden wattle), illegal. The Therapeutic Goods Administration and federal authority had considered a motion to ban the same, but this was withdrawn in May 2012 (as DMT may still hold potential entheogenic value to native or religious peoples). 1652:(Brazilian Portuguese for "works") – are typically several hours long and are undertaken sitting in silent "concentration", or sung collectively, dancing according to simple steps in geometrical formation. Ayahuasca, referred to as 4011:

no longer mentions Sula Benet but continues to maintain that hemp is "the plant Cannabis sativa called kanbus in talmudic literature", but now adds, "Hashish is not mentioned however in Jewish sources". See p. 805 in Vol. 8 of the 2nd

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institutions that responsibly use this tea. The Supreme Court of the United States unanimously affirmed the UDV's right to use Hoasca tea in its religious sessions in the United States, in a decision published on February 21, 2006.

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Warf, Barney. "High points: An historical geography of cannabis." Geographical Review 104.4 (2014): 414-438. Page 422: "Psychoactive cannabis is mentioned in the Talmud, and the ancient Jews may have used hashish (Clarke and Merlin

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cultures have ingested the psychoactive pulverized root, typically taking it mixed with water. In these traditions, taking kava is believed to facilitate contact with the spirits of the dead, especially relatives and ancestors.

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The question of the extent of visionary plant use throughout the history of Christian practice has barely been considered yet by academic or independent scholars. The question of whether visionary plants were used in

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are from the native cultures of the Americas. However, it has also been suggested that entheogens played an important role in ancient Indo-European culture, for example by inclusion in the ritual preparations of the

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estimated to have been written sometime around 2000–1400 BCE, which mentions cannabis as one of the "five sacred plants... which release us from anxiety" and that a guardian angel resides in its leaves. The

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Santos, R. G.; Landeira-Fernandez, J.; Strassman, R. J.; Motta, V.; Cruz, A. P. M. (2007). "Effects of ayahuasca on psychometric measures of anxiety, panic-like and hopelessness in Santo Daime members".

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established the Sherbert Test, which consists of four criteria that are used to determine if an individual's right to religious free exercise has been violated by the government. The test is as follows:

576:, are yet to be investigated by western science. A recent revitalization has occurred in the study of southern African psychoactives and entheogens (Mitchell and Hudson 2004; Sobiecki 2002, 2008, 2012). 4215:

R. R. Griffiths; W. A. Richards; U. McCann; R. Jesse (7 July 2006). "Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance".

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are burned to produce the ash. The term "pituri" may also refer to the plants from which the leaves are gathered or from which the ash is made. Some authors use the term to refer only to the plant

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journal is of fairly widespread use of visionary plants in early Christianity and the surrounding culture, with a gradual reduction of use of entheogens in Christianity. R. Gordon Wasson's book

2211:(Melrose, Oxford 2013). This book includes a controversial analysis of the term entheogen arguing that Wasson et al. were mystifying the effects of the plants and traditions to which it refers. 4393: 1721:

The Thelema ceremony calls for five officers: a Priest, a Priestess, a Deacon, and two adult acolytes, called "the Children". The end of the ritual culminates in the consummation of the

449:. It could not be cultivated; thus it had to be found, which suited it to a nomadic lifestyle. When they reached the world of the Caucasus and the Aegean, the Indo-Europeans encountered 7694: 544:

plant in some of their religious rituals or just symbolically, it has been suggested that Egyptian religion once revolved around the ritualistic ingestion of the far more psychoactive

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to drink. This supposed spiritual challenge should help the boy develop the spiritual wellbeing that is required to become a man. Not all of the boys undergoing this ritual survived.

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Entheogens have played a pivotal role in the spiritual practices of most American cultures for millennia. The first American entheogen to be subject to scientific analysis was the

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is now, however, the most common designation in the scientific literature, although it is an inaccurate descriptor of the actual effects of these drugs. In the lay press, the term

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Timmermann, Christopher; Roseman, Leor; Williams, Luke; Erritzoe, David; Martial, Charlotte; Cassol, Héléna; Laureys, Steven; Nutt, David; Carhart-Harris, Robin (15 August 2018).

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are thought not to have used entheogens, although there is a strong barrier of secrecy surrounding Aboriginal shamanism, which has likely limited what has been told to outsiders.

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means "to come into being". Thus, an entheogen is a drug that causes one to become inspired or to experience feelings of inspiration, often in a religious or "spiritual" manner.

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494 U.S. 872 (1990) which held that a "neutral law of general applicability" was not subject to the test. Congress resurrected it for the purposes of federal law in the federal

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Tupper, Kenneth W.; Labate, Beatriz C. (2014). "Ayahuasca, Psychedelic Studies and Health Sciences: The Politics of Knowledge and Inquiry into an Amazonian Plant Brew".

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leads to dreams (visions) through sensory distortion. The psychedelic experience is often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as those experienced in

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The Peyote Way Church of God believe that "Peyote is a holy sacrament, when taken according to our sacramental procedure and combined with a holistic lifestyle".

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de Rios, Marlene Dobkin; Grob, Charles S. (2005). "Interview with Jeffrey Bronfman, Representative Mestre for the União do Vegetal Church in the United States".

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was also used to enhance spiritual wellbeing among adults. For instance, during a frightening situation, such as when seeing a coyote walk like a man, a leaf of

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of 1978 was passed. This federal statute allow the "Traditional Indian religious use of the peyote sacrament", exempting only use by Native American persons.

4916: 4834: 2620: 3866: 2060: 4688: 4427: 2306: 2028:, 521 U.S. 507 (1997) RFRA was held to trespass on state sovereignty, and application of the RFRA was essentially limited to federal law enforcement. In 349:

have proposed several examples of the cultural use of entheogens that are found in the archaeological record. Hemp seeds discovered by archaeologists at

64: 3689: 1551:, an entheogenic cactus that has been used for over 3,000 years. Today the vast majority of extracted mescaline is from columnar cacti, not vulnerable 4637: 2200: 408:

that preceded initiation into the Eleusinian Mysteries is another entheogen, which was investigated (before the word was coined) by Carl Kerényi, in

2034:, 546 U.S. 418 (2006), a case involving only federal law, RFRA was held to permit a church's use of a DMT-containing tea for religious ceremonies. 1470:

fibers, not hashish, as hemp was a vital commodity before linen replaced it. Lexicons of Hebrew and dictionaries of plants of the Bible such as by

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aside from a variant species of kava, although some modern scholars have claimed that there may be evidence of psilocybin mushroom use. Natives of

1827:. Furthermore, scientific studies on entheogens present some significant challenges to researchers, including philosophical questions relating to 1515:

Scholars such as David Hillman suggest that a variety of drug use, recreational and otherwise, is to be found in the early history of the Church.

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and cannabis have been used in religious ceremonies, although the religious use of datura is not very common, as the primary alkaloids are strong

3406:"The Pituri Learning Circle: Central Australian Aboriginal women's knowledge and practices around the use of Nicotiana SPP. As a chewing tobacco" 2236: 336: 4307:

Nutt, David J.; King, Leslie A.; Nichols, David E. (2013). "Effects of Schedule I Drug Laws on Neuroscience Research and Treatment Innovation".

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within the practice, which contains several psychoactive compounds, is drunk as part of the ceremony. The drinking of Daime can induce a strong

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food, according to Ruck and Staples, not something to be indulged in, sampled lightly, or profaned. It was seen as the food of the gods, their

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J.R. Hale, J.Z. de Boer, J.P. Chanton and H.A. Spiller (2003) Questioning the Delphic Oracle, 2003, Scientific American, vol 289, no 2, 67-73.

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Calabrese, Joseph D. (1997). "Spiritual healing and human development in the Native American church: Toward a cultural psychiatry of peyote".

7304: 7217: 2347: 3447:"The pituri story: a review of the historical literature surrounding traditional Australian Aboriginal use of nicotine in Central Australia" 4389: 2065: 1443:

of the Book of Exodus, was cannabis. According to theories that hold that cannabis was present in Ancient Israelite society, a variant of

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The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross: A Study of the Nature and Origins of Christianity within the Fertility Cults of the Ancient Near East

101:(such as magic mushrooms and magic plants), used in sacred contexts in religion for inducing spiritual development throughout history. 6053: 5982: 4529:

Rätsch, Christian; "The Psychoactive Plants, Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications"; Park Street Press; Rochester Vermont; 1998/2005;

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monasteries. The Sufi monks drank coffee as an aid to concentration and even spiritual intoxication when they chanted the name of God.

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medicine" – used by the people of Pala in rites of passage, such as the transition to adulthood and at the end of life.

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McDonald-Smith expressed views which saw entheogens as not conducive to Buddhist practice ("I don't see them developing anything").

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prints a letter from art historian Erwin Panofsky asserting that art scholars are aware of many "mushroom trees" in Christian art.

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The shrine at Tel Arad, where the earliest use of cannabis in the Near East is thought to have occurred during the Kingdom of Judah

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referring to the sacrament of the UDV, Hoasca tea (also known as ayahuasca). This beverage is made by boiling two plants, Mariri (

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is held to have been present. In 2020, it was announced that cannabis residue had been found on the Israelite sanctuary altar at

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Millière, Raphaël; Carhart-Harris, Robin L.; Roseman, Leor; Trautwein, Fynn-Mathis; Berkovich-Ohana, Aviva (4 September 2018).

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Millière, Raphaël; Carhart-Harris, Robin L.; Roseman, Leor; Trautwein, Fynn-Mathis; Berkovich-Ohana, Aviva (4 September 2018).

7592: 7529: 6063: 4534: 4053:, by Mark Hoffman, Carl Ruck, and Blaise Staples. Entheos: The Journal of Psychedelic Spirituality, Issue No. 1, Summer, 2001 3928: 3305: 3190: 3180: 2070: 1926: 721: 3368: 2882: 481:(which, based on the morphological similarity of the words amanita, amrita and ambrosia, is entirely plausible) and perhaps 6520: 4902: 2199:

A critical examination of the ethical and societal implications and relevance of "entheogenic" experiences can be found in

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by Chumash, Tongva, and others. Among the Chumash, when a boy was 8 years old, his mother would give him a preparation of

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Food of the Gods: The Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge - A Radical History of Plants, Drugs, and Human Evolution

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Hajicek-Dobberstein (1995). "Soma siddhas and alchemical enlightenment: psychedelic mushrooms in Buddhist tradition".

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features a moon under the control of a religious government that uses neurological viruses to induce religious faith.

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experiment, volunteer graduate school divinity students from the Boston area almost all claimed to have had profound

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medicine. Control of the supply of melange was crucial to the Empire, as it was necessary for, among other things,

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in most participants and that they rank the personal and spiritual meaningfulness of the experiences very highly.

1112:) has been cultivated for at least 3,000 years by a number of Pacific island-dwelling peoples. Historically, most 771:

evidence for these plants from archaeological sites shows they were used in ancient times thousands of years ago.

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Shimamura, Ippei (2004). "Yellow Shamans (Mongolia)". In Walter, Mariko Namba; Neumann Fridman, Eva Jane (eds.).

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In the West, some modern Buddhist teachers have written on the usefulness of psychedelics. The Buddhist magazine

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The psychedelic experience is often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness such as those experienced in

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region. Other plants with ritual significance in North American shamanism are the hallucinogenic seeds of the

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Crown were evidently designed to represent pin-stages of this mushroom. There is also evidence for the use of

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This article is about psychoactive substances in a spiritual context. For general information about them, see

7473: 6650: 6581: 4084:, José Celdrán and Carl Ruck, Entheos: The Journal of Psychedelic Spirituality, Vol. I, Issue 2, Winter, 2002 2063:, leading to religious discrimination issues regarding about the U.S. policy towards drugs. As the result of 1943: 1400: 301:

psychotomimetic, and psychedelic ("mind manifesting") – have often been used interchangeably.

4763: 7735: 7288: 4668: 2011: 1632: 882:, appears to be consistent with the effects of an entheogen. In his 1967 book, Wasson argues that Soma was 792: 330: 4585: 7760: 6874: 6645: 4888: 2231: 1332: 516: 259: 3028: 7312: 6020: 1824: 1786: 2378: 1462:

While Benet's conclusion regarding the psychoactive use of cannabis is not universally accepted among

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translates to English as "full of the god, inspired, possessed", and is the root of the English word "

7648: 7344: 6440: 5968: 5691: 5335: 5310: 5032: 3956: 2883:"The entheomycological origin of Egyptian crowns and the esoteric underpinnings of Egyptian religion" 1999: 1947: 627: 3783:

Touw, Mia (January 1981). "The Religious and Medicinal Uses of Cannabis in China, India and Tibet".

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Carl A. P. Ruck; Jeremy Bigwood; Danny Staples; Jonathan Ott; R. Gordon Wasson (January–June 1979).

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novel refers to the religion in the future as a result of entheogens, used freely by the population.

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that it has pursued that interest in the manner least restrictive, or least burdensome, to religion.

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whether the government action is a substantial burden on the person's ability to act on that belief.

652:, who live in what became Oklahoma. While it was used traditionally by many cultures of what is now 7725: 7674: 7452: 7442: 7352: 7224: 6513: 6146: 6099: 5565: 2086: 2056: 2024: 1805: 1572: 1023:

Mushroom consumption is part of the culture of Europeans in general, with particular importance to

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Chawane, Midas H. (2014). "The Rastafarian Movement in South Africa: A Religion or Way of Life?".

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Cleansing the Doors of Perception: The Religious Significance of Entheogenic Plants and Chemicals

4096:, by Carl Ruck, Blaise Staples, Jose Alfredo Celdran, Mark Hoffman, Carolina Academic Press, 2007 2175: 1937: 1774: 1767: 1431:

The primary advocate of the religious use of cannabis in early Judaism was Polish anthropologist

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widely across the continent. Leaves are gathered from any of several species of native tobacco (

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is an artifact of its ancient use in higher doses as an entheogen (possibly in conjunction with

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The growth of Roman Christianity also saw the end of the two-thousand-year-old tradition of the

465:: as befit their own assimilation of agrarian modes of life, the entheogen was now cultivable." 7550: 7534: 7524: 7483: 7478: 7336: 7328: 6342: 5785: 5222: 4805: 4386:"Consultation on implementation of model drug schedules for Commonwealth serious drug offences" 2275: 2246: 2209:

Entheogens, Society & Law: Towards a Politics of Consciousness, Autonomy and Responsibility

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was not pursued after political embarrassment on realisation that this would make the official

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Shamans all over the world and in different cultures have traditionally used drugs, especially

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drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree appears in the middle of the 15th century, in Yemen's

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on psychedelics has accordingly been limited due to the difficulty of getting approval from

1259: 1001:. The term 'ambrosia' is used in Greek mythology in a way that is remarkably similar to the 579:

Among the amaXhosa, the artificial drug 2C-B is used as entheogen by traditional healers or

391:. Soma was ritually prepared and drunk by priests and initiates and elicited a paean in the 7684: 7679: 7402: 7397: 7194: 6554: 6529: 6420: 6405: 6380: 6360: 5763: 5425: 5227: 5057: 4689:"Entheogens & Education: Exploring the Potential of Psychoactives as Educational Tools" 4617: 3995: 2307:"Entheogens & education: Exploring the potential of psychoactives as educational tools" 2280: 2251: 1880: 1794: 1742: 1684: 1619:. Santo Daime incorporates elements of several religious or spiritual traditions including 1466:

scholars, there is general agreement that cannabis is used in talmudic sources to refer to

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received popular press attention in the early 2000s, yet has not been conclusively proven.

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was inappropriate owing to its etymological relationship to words relating to delirium and

1671:(UDV) is a religious society founded on July 22, 1961, by José Gabriel da Costa, known as 949:, predating the introduction of wine, which was the more familiar entheogen of the reborn 8: 7730: 7570: 7555: 7296: 7256: 6911: 6896: 6698: 6593: 6588: 6564: 6506: 6472: 6375: 6332: 6317: 6172: 6156: 6068: 6005: 5217: 4034:

The Chemical Muse: Drug Use and the Roots of Western Civilization by D. C. A. Hillman PhD

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Kornfield, Jack; "Bringing Home the Dharma: Awakening Right Where You Are", excerpted at

3016: 2256: 1816: 1809: 1733:, after which the congregant proclaims "There is no part of me that is not of the gods!" 1624: 1548: 1490: 1361: 1349: 1278: 1154:, also known as mingkulpa, is a mixture of leaves and wood ash traditionally chewed as a 946: 691: 559: 482: 373: 145: 114: 4843: 4780: 3404:

Ratsch, Angela; Mason, Andrea; Rive, Linda; Bogossian, Fiona; Steadman, Kathryn (2017).

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and also because it had become irreversibly associated with various connotations of the

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Healing with medicinal plants of the west - cultural and scientific basis for their use

2913: 2803: 2601: 2553: 2520: 2493: 2458: 2434: 2399: 2370: 2348:"Entheogens and existential intelligence: The use of plant teachers as cognitive tools" 2270: 1971: 1690: 1440: 1320: 1319:

Entheogens also play an important role in contemporary religious movements such as the

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Roberts, Thomas B. (2006) "Chemical Input, Religious Output—Entheogens" Chapter 10 in

4363: 2618: 1067:, which was later forgotten by its adherents, but this view has been widely disputed. 357:

occurred during the 5th to 2nd century BCE, confirming previous historical reports by

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traditionally been used to supplement many diverse practices geared towards achieving

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also refer to it as a "source of happiness", "joy-giver" and "liberator", and in the

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Except in Mexico, research with psychedelics is limited due to ongoing widespread

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Stolaroff, M. J. (1999). "Are Psychedelics Useful in the Practice of Buddhism?".

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may be used synonymously with these terms, or it may be chosen to contrast with

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argued that early Jewish and Christian cultic practice was based on the use of

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According to Ruck, Eyan, and Staples, the familiar shamanic entheogen that the

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The Amazons : lives and legends of warrior women across the ancient world

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was also seen as problematic, owing to the similarity in sound to words about

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12th century frescoes depicting alleged entheogenic mushrooms in Christian art

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Entheogens have been used by different people groups for thousands of years.

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devoted their entire fall 1996 edition to this issue. Some teachers such as

1360:. The earliest known reports regarding the sacred status of cannabis in the 7664: 7320: 7272: 7056: 7009: 7004: 6964: 6725: 6608: 6457: 6327: 6297: 6212: 6192: 6187: 6177: 6151: 6131: 5826: 5550: 5515: 5232: 5097: 5027: 4936: 4925: 4745: 4543:

Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities

4487: 4371: 4328: 4293: 4236: 3662: 3627: 3564: 3482: 3463: 3431: 3226:"History : Oracle at Delphi May Have Been Inhaling Ethylene Gas Fumes" 2909: 2732: 2683: 2597: 2562: 2502: 2443: 2164: 2118:

as the entheogen underlying the creation of Christianity is the premise of

1917:

Some countries have legislation that allows for traditional entheogen use.

1832: 1790: 1746: 1531: 1365: 982:" which in Dacian was supposed to mean "the ones that walk in the clouds". 875: 754: 573: 382: 240: 184: 50: 25: 5820: 4576:

Where God and Science Meet: Vol. 3: The Psychology of Religious Experience

4094:

The Hidden World: Survival of Pagan Shamanic Themes in European Fairytales

4004: 3839: 3804: 3591: 2826:

The world of classical myth : gods and goddesses, heroines and heroes

2081:

Many works of literature have described entheogen use; some of those are:

1269:, for their religious experiences. In these communities the absorption of 7240: 7184: 7124: 7024: 6989: 6974: 6916: 6829: 6755: 6678: 6452: 6197: 6089: 6030: 5889: 5701: 5646: 5450: 5435: 5380: 5112: 5077: 5042: 4258:

MacLean, Katherine A.; Johnson, Matthew W.; Griffiths, Roland R. (2011).

4185: 4043: 2861: 2644: 1820: 1759: 1641: 1594: 1301: 1133: 1035:-containing mushrooms was an integral part of the ancient culture of the 687: 563: 551: 250: 168: 126: 110: 7169: 2536: 2100:

acts as both an entheogen (in large enough quantities) and an addictive

1987:

whether the person has a claim involving a sincere religious belief, and

820:

infusion to have foretelling dreams for successful hunting expeditions.

7608: 7412: 7071: 7014: 6999: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6824: 6804: 6603: 6533: 6498: 6435: 6322: 6302: 6262: 6227: 5874: 5792: 5711: 5671: 5661: 5656: 5580: 5520: 5490: 5460: 5415: 5390: 5295: 5172: 5137: 4664: 4586:

https://web.archive.org/web/20071111053855/http://csp.org/chrestomathy/

4093: 2374: 1798: 1612: 1598: 1576: 1432: 1392: 1274: 1196: 1163: 1121: 1028: 994: 958: 868: 462: 226: 137: 4894: 4107: 3604: 3518: 2397: 1994:

If these two elements are established, then the government must prove

1751: 1012:

used by inhalation may have played a role in divinatory ceremonies at

7104: 6886: 6864: 6814: 6787: 6462: 6410: 6247: 6141: 6114: 5894: 5864: 5706: 5681: 5676: 5590: 5585: 5535: 5510: 5505: 5400: 5360: 5305: 5300: 5177: 5062: 5002: 4997: 4962: 4502: 3422: 3251: 2180: 2101: 1722: 1636: 1297: 1251: 1190: 1172: 1155: 1117: 1095: 973: 889: 487: 412:

Other entheogens in the Ancient Near East and the Aegean include the

365: 358: 354: 255: 172: 161: 6660: 4772:

1995 "Traditional use of psychoactive mushrooms in Ivory Coast?" in

4656: 4320: 2366: 671:). Other well-known entheogens used by Mexican cultures include the 7695:

Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period

7618: 7361:

Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants

7179: 7061: 6979: 6819: 6782: 6598: 6415: 6287: 6015: 5960: 5939: 5914: 5716: 5696: 5636: 5595: 5455: 5440: 5365: 5330: 5325: 5285: 5212: 5202: 5152: 5052: 4802:

Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing and Hallucinogenic Powers

4594:

Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture

3081:

Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices and Cultures

2761:

Samorini, Giorgio (1998). "The 'Mushroom-Trees' in Christian Art".

2112: 1828: 1657: 1448: 1285:

is often described as a key feature of the psychedelic experience.

1087: 1032: 1009: 950: 858: 758: 750: 566:. Numerous other plants used in shamanic ritual in Africa, such as 504: 500: 496: 454: 245: 152:

is often described as a key feature of the psychedelic experience.

6618: 5929: 3252:"НАРКОТИКИ.РУ | Наркотики на Руси. Первый этап: Древняя Русь" 2996:"2CB chosen over traditional entheogen's by South African healers" 2746:

Samorini, Giorgio (1997). "The 'Mushroom-Tree' of Plaincourault".

1352:. It has been used in food and drink as early as 1000 BCE by 7164: 7094: 6984: 6745: 6720: 6365: 6136: 5991: 5899: 5879: 5856: 5809: 5746: 5686: 5600: 5560: 5470: 5430: 5375: 5187: 5182: 5162: 5132: 4023:

Figs, dates, laurel, and myrrh: plants of the Bible and the Quran

3686:"2CB chosen over traditional entheogens by South African healers" 2456: 1773:

Notable early testing of the entheogenic experience includes the

1755: 1716: 1702: 1660:

effect which is embraced as both emotional and physical purging.

1628: 1444: 1313: 990: 968: 841: 817: 788: 683: 599: 426: 387: 4618:"Entheogenic Education: Psychedelics as Tools of Wonder and Awe" 3501:((F.Muell.) F.Muell.) (Solanaceae), Trade of Central Australia." 3093: 871:, which causes serious intoxication with unpredictable effects. 279:

those documented for ritual ingestion of traditional entheogens.

7174: 7129: 7099: 7051: 7046: 7041: 6954: 6937: 6932: 6859: 6094: 5949: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5545: 5500: 5475: 5465: 5420: 5410: 5320: 5315: 5280: 5275: 5247: 5192: 5127: 5122: 5017: 4987: 4883: 4583:

Religion and Psychoactive Sacraments: An Entheogen Chrestomathy

3732:"The Bhang Lassi Is How Hindus Drink Themselves High for Shiva" 2145: 2044: 1602: 1580: 1552: 1463: 1423: 1289: 1184: 1151: 1048: 1013: 998: 954: 926: 904: 679: 653: 633: 527: 474: 405: 369: 118: 3383:"Benjamin Thomas Ethnobotany & Anthropology Research Page" 3054: 2222:

List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids

1204:

and its leaves and any chewing mixture containing its leaves.

1047:

It has been suggested that the ritual use of small amounts of

457:, who brought it with him from his birthplace in the mythical 364:

Most of the well-known modern examples of entheogens, such as

7704: 7144: 7139: 7119: 7109: 7036: 6947: 6942: 6891: 6799: 6777: 6772: 6703: 5924: 5884: 5832: 5815: 5774: 5641: 5610: 5570: 5525: 5350: 5340: 5197: 5092: 5087: 5012: 4982: 2699:"Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures" 1808:, showing that under controlled conditions psilocybin causes 1653: 1370: 1353: 1337: 1288:

Entheogens used in the contemporary world include biota like

879: 675: 661: 649: 604: 583:

over their traditional plants; they refer to the chemical as

531: 315: 230: 229:". The Greeks used it as praise for poets and other artists. 220: 214: 208: 202: 196: 4569:

Psychoactive Sacramentals: Essays on Entheogens and Religion

2862:

Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa

779: 7134: 7066: 6834: 6792: 5919: 5904: 5605: 5405: 5395: 5385: 5257: 5207: 5072: 5022: 2940:"Traditional Use of Psychoactive Mushrooms in Ivory Coast?" 2128:, a theme that seems to be inspired by John Allegro's book. 1726: 1482:(2010) and others identify the plant in question as either 1467: 1309: 1140:

are known to use several species of entheogenic mushrooms (

1101: 942: 930: 796: 611: 555: 503:, and as mediating between the two realms. It is said that 450: 385:, the "pressed juice" that is the subject of Book 9 of the 4044:

Conjuring Eden: Art and the Entheogenic Vision of Paradise

3957:"Cannabis and Frankincense at the Judahite Shrine of Arad" 2179:

series, the main character receives guidance after taking

2059:, perceive the regulations regarding the use of peyote as 2031:

Gonzales v. O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal

1439:

mentioned five times in the Hebrew Bible, and used in the

1176:) or from at least one distinct population of the species 888:. The active ingredient of Soma is presumed by some to be 5242: 5067: 4156: 3759:

Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World

2521:"Self unbound: ego dissolution in psychedelic experience" 1777:, conducted by physician and theology doctoral candidate 799:

plant before engaging in extended meditation and prayer.

540:. Although the ancient Egyptians may have been using the 16:

Psychoactive substances that induce spiritual experiences

4796:

Eleusis - Journal of Psychoactive Plants & Compounds

3403: 5157: 4072:, Michael S. Hoffman, Journal of Higher Criticism, 2007 3444: 2871:

by James W. Fernandez, Princeton University Press, 1982

1082: 507:'s crime was inviting commoners to share his ambrosia. 4063:

Wasson and Allegro on the Tree of Knowledge as Amanita

3867:"Psychedelics and Spiritual Practice - Jack Kornfield" 1804:

Beginning in 2006, experiments have been conducted at

1695:), both of which are native to the Amazon rainforest. 686:(known as 'picietl' to the Aztecs, and 'sikar' to the 3634: 2822: 2051:

controlled substance. However, practitioners of the

809:

by Mapacho, and tobacco shamans known as tobaqueros.

648:

documented the ritual use of peyote cactus among the

4821:

Brain & Belief: An Exploration of the Human Soul

4524:

The Way of the Shaman: A Guide to Power and Healing,

4390:

Australian Government, Attorney-General's Department

3817: 3677: 2041:intended to mirror the federal RFRA's protections. 614:leaves to stay awake during long nights of prayer. 610:For centuries, religious leaders have consumed the 4581:Roberts, Thomas, and Hruby, Paula J. (1995–2003). 3729: 3521:"Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness" 3179:Weinberg, Bennett Alan; Bealer, Bonnie K. (2001). 2655: 2400:"Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness" 917:, or some combination of any of the above plants. 3955:Arie, Eran; Rosen, Baruch; Namdar, Dvory (2020). 3852:Tricycle: Buddhism & Psychedelics, Fall 1996 410:Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter. 7717: 3208:"How a drink downed by Arab mystics went global" 2816: 2576:Godlaski, Theodore M. (2011). "The God within". 2519:Letheby, Chris; Gerrans, Philip (30 June 2017). 1579:beliefs and by sacramental use of the entheogen 656:, in the 19th century its use spread throughout 4306: 3954: 3514: 3512: 3293: 3166:Notas de un botánico en el Amazonas y los Andes 3147:"Meeting The Tobacco Spirit - Reality Sandwich" 2393: 2391: 2237:List of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals 2009:This test was eventually all-but-eliminated in 640:). One of the founders of modern ethno-botany, 400:transports, where joy and felicities combine... 337:Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record 7218:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament 4571:San Francisco: Council on Spiritual Practices. 4428:"Book of a Lifetime: Island, By Aldous Huxley" 4409:American Herb Association Quarterly Newsletter 4157:"The Peyote Way Church of God » Overview" 3854:https://tricycle.org/magazine-issue/fall-1996/ 3683: 3445:Ratsch, A; Steadman, KJ; Bogossian, F (2010). 3178: 2518: 1875:Legal status of psychoactive cactus by country 1575:characterized by mixed traditional as well as 740:was sucked to help keep the soul in the body. 473:hypothesises that the ambrosia of various pre- 7751:Drug classes defined by psychological effects 7305:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts 6514: 5976: 4910: 4108:"The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Substances" 3168:. Quito, Ecuador: Colección Tierra Incógnita. 3087: 2662:Nichols DE (February 2004). "Hallucinogens". 1983:For the individual, the court must determine 1128:There are no known uses of entheogens by the 1008:A theory that naturally-occurring gases like 941:Fermented honey, known in Northern Europe as 534:, who used a preparation of the root bark of 4349: 3598: 3509: 3506:. 2012; 10:037-044. Retrieved 30 April 2015. 2880: 2514: 2512: 2388: 2345: 2304: 2066:Peyote Way Church of God, Inc. v. Thornburgh 270:of the same drugs. The meanings of the term 4597:. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 649–651. 3776: 3755: 3640: 3098:(in Spanish). Banrep.gov.co. Archived from 2696: 2569: 1258:people performing a Salvia ritual dance in 1225:It has been suggested that this section be 420:, and the unidentified "lotus" (likely the 6521: 6507: 6054:Association for Research and Enlightenment 5983: 5969: 4917: 4903: 4425: 3931:", in Vera Rubin; Lambros Comitas (eds.), 3297:The Essenes, the Scrolls, and the Dead Sea 3287: 3017:The Nexus Factor - An Introduction to 2C-B 2808:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1912: 1706:A Native American peyote drummer (c. 1927) 1391:mushroom was used by the Tantric Buddhist 989:, the initiation ceremony for the cult of 903:to suggest that Soma could have also been 526:The best-known entheogen-using culture of 395:that embodies the nature of an entheogen: 353:suggest early ceremonial practices by the 4590: 4477: 4283: 4208: 3892: 3577: 3571: 3554: 3536: 3472: 3462: 3451:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3421: 2714: 2552: 2509: 2492: 2474: 2433: 2415: 925:The earliest credible evidence of either 191:). The term is derived from two words of 6528: 4500: 4451: 3497:"Quantifying the Mulligan River Pituri, 3300:. Oxford University Press. p. 305. 2937: 2760: 2745: 2575: 2047:is listed by the United States DEA as a 2039:State Religious Freedom Restoration Acts 1750: 1701: 1542: 1518:The historical picture portrayed by the 1511:real presence of Christ in the Eucharist 1422: 1377:, the gods send hemp to the human race. 1250: 1086:A sign showing a "Kava licence area" at 1081: 827: 778: 690:(from where the word 'cigar' derives)), 598: 4924: 4696:Journal of Drug Education and Awareness 3710: 3504:Ethnobotany Research & Applications 3489: 3268: 3172: 3055:Cecilia Garcia, James D. Adams (2005). 2829:. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. 2823:Staples, Danny; Carl A.P. Ruck (1994). 2661: 2314:Journal of Drug Education and Awareness 1998:that it is acting in furtherance of a " 1027:. Some academics argue that the use of 7718: 7624:List of people executed for witchcraft 4686: 4635: 4615: 4426:Gunesekera, Romesh (26 January 2012). 3929:Early Diffusions and Folk Uses of Hemp 3438: 3369:"Psilocybian mushrooms in New Zealand" 3205: 3163: 3094:Museo del Oro, Banco de la República. 3048: 2459:"DMT Models the Near-Death Experience" 1781:under the supervision of psychologist 1502:For non-psychoactive use of wine, see 1395:tradition of the 8th to 12th century. 7593:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire 6502: 5964: 4898: 4808:, Albert Hofmann, Christian Ratsch - 3820:American Journal of Ethnopharmacology 3320: 2775: 2071:American Indian Religious Freedom Act 1927:Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1601:religion founded in the 1930s in the 997:involving the use of a drug known as 274:was formally defined by Ruck et al.: 5990: 4862:Kava: From Ethnology to Pharmacology 4567:Roberts, Thomas B. (editor) (2001). 4539: 4526:Harper & Row Publishers, NY 1980 3782: 3730:Staelens, Stefanie (10 March 2015). 3375: 3262: 2697:Carod-Artal, F.J. (1 January 2015). 2125:The Transmigration of Timothy Archer 1898:Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms 1869:Legal status of ayahuasca by country 1797:subsequent to the ingestion of pure 1211: 724:and has been used in ceremonies and 4764:"Ten Years of Therapy in One Night" 4196:from the original on 17 August 2023 4135:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 4105: 3762:. Harvard Univ. Press. p. 39. 3323:Kava from ethnology to pharmacology 1938:Dimethyltryptamine § Australia 1892:Legal status of ibogaine by country 1663: 1615:by Raimundo Irineu Serra, known as 424:) eaten by the Lotus-Eaters in the 13: 7690:Left-hand path and right-hand path 7265:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus 5652:Eutheism, dystheism, and maltheism 4848:TYR: Myth—Culture—Tradition Vol. 2 4840:The Sacred Plants of our Ancestors 4515: 4007:. Note, the second edition of the 3495:Silcock JL, Tischler M, Smith MA. 3347:"Macropiper Excelsum - Maori Kava" 2242:List of substances used in rituals 1885:Global cannabis legalization table 44:List of substances used in rituals 42:For comparison of entheogens, see 35:For religious views on drugs, see 14: 7772: 4876: 4364:10.2174/1874473708666150107155042 3713:Journal for the Study of Religion 3031:Photo by Erowid. 2002 Erowid.org 2286:Scholarly approaches to mysticism 2017:Religious Freedom Restoration Act 1920: 589:Medicine of the Singing Ancestors 238:Ruck et al. argued that the term 179:, Jeremy Bigwood, Danny Staples, 167:was coined in 1979 by a group of 4882: 4578:Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood. 3895:Journal of Humanistic Psychology 2676:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002 2076: 1964: 1907:Legal status of Salvia divinorum 1216: 774: 753:hunter-gatherer cultures of the 550:mushroom, and that the Egyptian 113:, divination, meditation, yoga, 74: 63: 4494: 4445: 4419: 4400: 4378: 4343: 4300: 4251: 4178: 4167: 4149: 4122: 4099: 4087: 4075: 4056: 4037: 4028: 4015: 3987: 3948: 3938: 3921: 3886: 3858: 3846: 3811: 3749: 3723: 3704: 3397: 3361: 3339: 3314: 3244: 3218: 3199: 3157: 3139: 3114: 3073: 3034: 3022: 3010: 2988: 2966: 2931: 2874: 2855: 2780:. Princeton. pp. 147–149. 2769: 2754: 2739: 2664:Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2227:List of plants used for smoking 1946:was considering changes to the 1847: 1842: 1497: 1385:It has been suggested that the 961:world are intertwined with the 587:, which roughly translates to " 7388:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy 7249:Summis desiderantes affectibus 4864:, 2004, Taylor & Francis, 4392:. 24 June 2010. Archived from 3797:10.1080/02791072.1981.10471447 3684:Chen Cho Dorge (20 May 2010). 3655:10.1080/02791072.2005.10399800 3206:McHugo, John (18 April 2013). 2690: 2637:10.1080/02791072.1979.10472098 2612: 2450: 2339: 2298: 2170:The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger 1589: 1207: 1042: 594: 314:, derived from the Greek word 155: 1: 4735:Carl Ruck and Danny Staples, 4645:Canadian Journal of Education 4264:Journal of Psychopharmacology 4186:"Liber 15 – The Gnostic Mass" 3973:10.1080/03344355.2020.1732046 3785:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 3688:. Evolver.net. Archived from 3643:Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 3321:Singh, Yadhu N., ed. (2004). 3125:. Bantam. 1992. p. 196. 3083:. ABC-CLIO. 2004. p. 18. 2998:. Tacethno.com. 27 March 2008 2525:Neuroscience of Consciousness 2355:Canadian Journal of Education 2291: 2140:(1962), depicted a fictional 2111:Consumption of the imaginary 1944:Australian Federal Government 1859:Legal status of psychoactive 1435:, who claimed that the plant 28:. For the musical group, see 7393:accusations against children 7289:The Discoverie of Witchcraft 4702:(2): 145–161. Archived from 3999:. 1st Ed. Volume 8. p. 323. 3832:10.1016/0378-8741(95)01292-L 3608:Journal of Ethnopharmacology 3269:Allegro, John Marco (1970). 2890:Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2716:10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.07.010 2703:Neurología (English Edition) 2625:Journal of Psychedelic Drugs 2590:10.3109/10826084.2011.561722 2012:Employment Division v. Smith 1931: 1725:, consisting of a goblet of 1308:), and synthetic drugs like 957:. Its religious uses in the 945:, was an early entheogen in 920: 793:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta 510: 331:History of entheogenic drugs 316: 286:Journal of Psychedelic Drugs 231: 221: 215: 203: 7: 4798:n.s. vol 4 (no current url) 4737:The World of Classical Myth 4687:Tupper, Kenneth W. (2003). 4636:Tupper, Kenneth W. (2002). 4616:Tupper, Kenneth W. (2014). 4309:Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3756:Courtwright, David (2001). 3185:. Routledge. pp. 3–4. 2232:List of psychoactive plants 2215: 2108:(folding space) navigation. 1942:Between 2011 and 2012, the 1825:institutional review boards 1736: 1538: 1380: 1333:Entheogenic use of cannabis 1326: 617: 517:Regional forms of shamanism 10: 7777: 7313:Daemonolatreiae libri tres 4352:Current Drug Abuse Reviews 2938:Samorini, Giorgio (1995). 2144: – termed " 1953:Floral Emblem of Australia 1935: 1924: 1787:Harvard Psilocybin Project 1740: 1714: 1710: 1508: 1501: 1416: 1412: 1330: 1242:Proposed since March 2024. 1070: 899:. However, there are also 840:The indigenous peoples of 621: 514: 334: 328: 324: 209: 197: 18: 7657: 7636: 7601: 7585: 7543: 7492: 7461: 7430: 7421: 7378: 7371: 7345:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men 7208: 7085: 6925: 6738: 6671: 6547: 6540: 6341: 6165: 6082: 6046: 5998: 5855: 5755: 5619: 5266: 4955: 4932: 4470:10.1007/s11019-007-9059-1 4229:10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5 3620:10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.012 3325:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 3096:"Museo del Oro, Colombia" 3029:Ubulawu Nomathotholo Pack 2974:"Ethnobotanical Research" 2902:10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.028 2037:Some states have enacted 2000:compelling state interest 1766:'s Marsh Chapel, site of 1025:Slavic and Baltic peoples 972:names, as transmitted by 936: 878:, mentioned often in the 628:Entheogenics and the Maya 521: 443:brought knowledge of was 7675:Christian views on magic 7353:The Discovery of Witches 7225:Directorium Inquisitorum 6147:Transpersonal psychology 6100:Human Potential Movement 4860:Yadhu N. Singh, editor, 4776:1 22-27 (no current url) 4752:, 2000, Tarcher/Putnam, 4501:Sterling, Bruce (1997). 4276:10.1177/0269881111420188 3907:10.1177/0022167899391009 3538:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475 3294:Taylor, Joan E. (2012). 3273:. Hodder and Stoughton. 2776:Mayor, Adrienne (2014). 2578:Substance Use and Misuse 2476:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01424 2417:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01475 2057:Native American religion 2053:Peyote Way Church of God 2025:City of Boerne v. Flores 1948:Australian Criminal Code 1806:Johns Hopkins University 1648:Ceremonies – 1573:Native American religion 1437:kaneh bosem קְנֵה-בֹשֶׂם 874:Also, the ancient drink 848:was borrowed) have used 49:Not to be confused with 7281:De praestigiis daemonum 7233:De maleficis mulieribus 6478:Psychological astrology 4942:Outline of spirituality 4724:, Oakland, California. 3525:Frontiers in Psychology 3410:Rural and Remote Health 2950:: 22–27. Archived from 2463:Frontiers in Psychology 2404:Frontiers in Psychology 1913:By country or territory 1775:Marsh Chapel Experiment 1768:Marsh Chapel Experiment 1563:(NAC) is also known as 1005:of the Hindus as well. 823: 624:Aztec use of entheogens 95:psychoactive substances 7337:Compendium Maleficarum 7329:Magical Investigations 7220:(8th–2nd centuries BC) 6386:Creative visualization 6026:Progressive electronic 5786:The Cloud of Unknowing 4806:Richard Evans Schultes 4790:8 January 2017 at the 4458:Med Health Care Philos 4082:Daturas for the Virgin 4068:14 August 2007 at the 4049:14 August 2007 at the 3464:10.1186/1746-4269-6-26 3385:. Shaman-australis.com 2276:Psychology of religion 2247:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine 2205:Casey William Hardison 1896:Psilocybin mushrooms: 1821:peer-reviewed research 1770: 1707: 1561:Native American Church 1556: 1428: 1294:Native American Church 1262: 1168:Aboriginal Australians 1098: 1077:indigenous Australians 837: 784: 642:Richard Evans Schultes 607: 402: 322: 290: 181:Richard Evans Schultes 142:near-death experiences 117:, asceticism, prayer, 6960:Cloak of invisibility 6716:Solitary practitioner 6629:Witch-cult hypothesis 6278:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 5770:Akilattirattu Ammanai 4947:Category:Spirituality 4824:, 2004, AEGIS PRESS, 4741:Introductory excerpts 4546:. U of Washington P. 4540:Pegg, Carole (2001). 4452:Schermer, MH (2007). 4415:(3): 14. Summer 2012. 3993:Roth, Cecil. (1972). 3580:Psychoanalytic Review 3182:The world of caffeine 3121:"Shamanic Tobaccos". 2881:S.R. Berlant (2005). 2346:Tupper, K.W. (2002). 2305:Tupper, K.W. (2003). 2142:psychoactive mushroom 1873:Psychoactive cactus: 1795:religious experiences 1754: 1705: 1675:. The translation of 1546: 1426: 1254: 1182:. Various species of 1085: 1055:-containing acacia). 831: 791:people of Colombia's 782: 638:Lophophora williamsii 602: 469:, in his foreword to 397: 298: 296:wrote the following: 276: 121:, rituals, chanting, 7680:Magical organization 7195:Witches of Benevento 6421:Higher consciousness 6361:Alternative medicine 5764:A Course in Miracles 5228:Spiritual possession 5058:Ethic of reciprocity 4891:at Wikimedia Commons 4674:on 23 September 2015 4174:Mestre Irineu photos 4021:Lytton J. Musselman 4009:Encyclopedia Judaica 3996:Encyclopedia Judaica 3935:. Moutan, pp. 39–49. 3933:Cannabis and Culture 2927:on 22 December 2009. 2867:28 June 2006 at the 2384:on 29 December 2004. 2281:Religion and alcohol 2252:Psilocybin mushrooms 1881:Legality of cannabis 1810:mystical experiences 1743:Eleusinian Mysteries 1686:Banisteriopsis caapi 1419:Cannabis and Judaism 1279:mystical experiences 987:Eleusinian Mysteries 963:mythology of the bee 844:(from whom the term 812:A ritual use by the 746:Sophora secundiflora 692:psilocybin mushrooms 585:Ubulawu Nomathotholo 560:psilocybin mushrooms 554:, Triple Crown, and 483:psilocybin mushrooms 374:psilocybin mushrooms 146:mystical experiences 7736:Religious practices 7297:Newes from Scotland 7257:Malleus Maleficarum 6634:Anglo-Saxon England 6473:Religious pluralism 6376:Bicameral mentality 6333:Marianne Williamson 6318:Neale Donald Walsch 6157:Western esotericism 6069:Findhorn Foundation 6006:New Age communities 5218:Spiritual evolution 5148:Planes of existence 4926:Modern spirituality 4783:Macropiper excelsum 4396:on 7 November 2011. 3927:Benet, S. (1975). " 3692:on 3 September 2013 3164:Spruce, R. (1996). 2976:. ethnobotany.co.za 2257:Psychedelic therapy 1762:above the altar at 1681:Union of the Plants 1625:Kardecist Spiritism 1491:Cymbopogon citratus 1362:Indian subcontinent 1350:Indian subcontinent 947:Aegean civilization 769:Paleoethnobotanical 694:, morning glories ( 453:, the entheogen of 284:Ruck et al., 1979, 262:. In modern usage, 123:imitation of sounds 115:sensory deprivation 7761:Spiritual practice 7649:Witches in fiction 7637:In popular culture 7211:historic treatises 6483:Sun sign astrology 6074:New World Alliance 6038:New Age travellers 4709:on 9 October 2007. 4407:"Aussie DMT Ban". 4217:Psychopharmacology 4106:Rudgley, Richard. 3499:Duboisia hopwoodii 2335:on 9 October 2007. 2271:Psychoactive cacti 1972:Sherbert v. Verner 1771: 1708: 1692:Psychotria viridis 1557: 1441:holy anointing oil 1429: 1342:edible preparation 1321:Rastafari movement 1263: 1260:Huautla de Jiménez 1232:Religion and drugs 1202:Duboisia hopwoodii 1179:Duboisia hopwoodii 1099: 1092:Northern Territory 1059:John Marco Allegro 838: 832:Salvia divinorum ( 816:involves drinking 785: 720:is sacred to some 669:Calia secundiflora 646:Harvard University 608: 547:Psilocybe cubensis 37:Religion and drugs 30:Entheogenic (band) 7713: 7712: 7670:Witch (archetype) 7632: 7631: 7581: 7580: 6907:Sympathetic magic 6734: 6733: 6496: 6495: 6468:Quantum mysticism 6448:Michael Teachings 6431:Law of attraction 6095:Hippie subculture 5958: 5957: 5804:Guru Granth Sahib 5742:Transcendentalism 5596:Wearing vestments 5481:Religious ecstasy 5306:Bearing testimony 4887:Media related to 4762:Daniel Pinchbeck, 4535:978-0-89281-978-2 4522:Harner, Michael, 4270:(11): 1453–1461. 3873:on 5 October 2014 3307:978-0-19-955448-5 3192:978-0-415-92723-9 2584:(10): 1217–1222. 2537:10.1093/nc/nix016 2188:Alastair Reynolds 2106:faster-than-light 1764:Boston University 1296:), extracts like 1249: 1248: 1244: 1110:Piper Methysticum 914:Atropa belladonna 864:Datura stramonium 854:as an entheogen. 803:Nicotiana rustica 764:Datura stramonium 703:Turbina corymbosa 537:Tabernanthe iboga 260:1960s pop culture 219:). The adjective 99:psychedelic drugs 22:Psychoactive drug 7768: 7644:Magic in fiction 7474:Northern Moravia 7428: 7427: 7408:Papua New Guinea 7376: 7375: 7160:Nine sorceresses 6912:Witches' Sabbath 6761:Ceremonial magic 6751:Apotropaic magic 6545: 6544: 6523: 6516: 6509: 6500: 6499: 6488:Yoga as exercise 6273:Shirley MacLaine 6268:Max Freedom Long 6223:Marilyn Ferguson 6203:Carlos Castaneda 6059:Esalen Institute 5992:New Age movement 5985: 5978: 5971: 5962: 5961: 5839:The Urantia Book 5531:Self-realization 5311:Being born again 5291:Ancestor worship 4919: 4912: 4905: 4896: 4895: 4886: 4844:Christian Rätsch 4818:John J. McGraw, 4770:Giorgio Samorini 4722:Ronin Publishing 4710: 4708: 4693: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4673: 4667:. Archived from 4642: 4632: 4622: 4612: 4611:on 15 July 2014. 4607:. Archived from 4564: 4562: 4560: 4509: 4508: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4481: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4287: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4190:sacred-texts.com 4182: 4176: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4142: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4060: 4054: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4026: 4019: 4013: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3952: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3890: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3869:. Archived from 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3602: 3596: 3595: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3558: 3540: 3516: 3507: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3476: 3466: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3425: 3423:10.22605/RRH4044 3401: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3349:. Entheology.org 3343: 3337: 3336: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3256:www.narkotiki.ru 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3153:. 27 March 2014. 3151:Reality Sandwich 3143: 3137: 3136: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3059:. Abedus Press. 3052: 3046: 3045: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2920:. Archived from 2896:(2005): 275–88. 2887: 2878: 2872: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2843:on 15 April 2012 2839:. Archived from 2820: 2814: 2813: 2807: 2799: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2718: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2651:on 16 July 2012. 2647:. Archived from 2631:(1–2): 145–146. 2616: 2610: 2609: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2556: 2516: 2507: 2506: 2496: 2478: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2437: 2419: 2395: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2377:. Archived from 2352: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2334: 2328:. Archived from 2311: 2302: 2134:'s final novel, 2019:(RFRA) of 1993. 1958:Acacia pycnantha 1903:Salvia divinorum 1819:. The amount of 1817:drug prohibition 1689:) and Chacrona ( 1677:União do Vegetal 1669:União do Vegetal 1664:União do Vegetal 1621:Folk Catholicism 1571:. Peyotism is a 1504:Sacramental wine 1494:, not cannabis. 1476:Hans Arne Jensen 1457:Kingdom of Judah 1388:Amanita muscaria 1306:União do Vegetal 1240: 1220: 1219: 1212: 1138:Papua New Guinea 1064:Amanita muscaria 1018:Classical Greece 885:Amanita muscaria 851:Amanita muscaria 795:use to chew the 761:and jimsonweed ( 749:was used by the 743:The mescal bean 726:rites of passage 722:Native Americans 709:Salvia divinorum 697:Ipomoea tricolor 660:, replacing the 542:sacred blue lily 495:was regarded as 493:Amanita muscaria 479:Amanita muscaria 471:The Greek Myths, 446:Amanita muscaria 422:sacred blue lily 347:Giorgio Samorini 343:R. Gordon Wasson 319: 294:David E. Nichols 288: 268:recreational use 234: 224: 218: 212: 211: 206: 200: 199: 189:R. Gordon Wasson 171:and scholars of 129:, drumming, and 78: 67: 54: 47: 40: 33: 7776: 7775: 7771: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7766: 7765: 7726:1979 neologisms 7716: 7715: 7714: 7709: 7653: 7628: 7597: 7577: 7539: 7493:Northern Europe 7488: 7457: 7417: 7367: 7210: 7204: 7087: 7081: 7020:Magical weapons 6970:Flying ointment 6921: 6766:Magical formula 6730: 6667: 6614:Greece and Rome 6536: 6527: 6497: 6492: 6426:Indigo children 6401:Earth mysteries 6391:Crystal healing 6356:Age of Aquarius 6351:2012 phenomenon 6337: 6283:Claudio Naranjo 6161: 6110:Integral theory 6078: 6042: 5994: 5989: 5959: 5954: 5851: 5799:Hindu scripture 5751: 5615: 5486:Religious music 5262: 5108:Meaning of life 4968:Akashic Records 4951: 4928: 4923: 4879: 4874: 4846:, published in 4792:Wayback Machine 4714:Stafford, Peter 4706: 4691: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4657:10.2307/1602247 4640: 4620: 4605: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4518: 4516:Further reading 4513: 4512: 4499: 4495: 4450: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4424: 4420: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4348: 4344: 4321:10.1038/nrn3530 4305: 4301: 4256: 4252: 4213: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4184: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4168: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4140: 4138: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4110:. mescaline.com 4104: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4070:Wayback Machine 4061: 4057: 4051:Wayback Machine 4042: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4020: 4016: 3992: 3988: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3939: 3926: 3922: 3891: 3887: 3876: 3874: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3816: 3812: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3728: 3724: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3682: 3678: 3639: 3635: 3603: 3599: 3576: 3572: 3517: 3510: 3494: 3490: 3443: 3439: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3345: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3319: 3315: 3308: 3292: 3288: 3281: 3267: 3263: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3177: 3173: 3162: 3158: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3092: 3088: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3053: 3049: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3001: 2999: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2979: 2977: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2936: 2932: 2924: 2885: 2879: 2875: 2869:Wayback Machine 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2837: 2821: 2817: 2801: 2800: 2788: 2774: 2770: 2759: 2755: 2744: 2740: 2695: 2691: 2660: 2656: 2617: 2613: 2574: 2570: 2517: 2510: 2455: 2451: 2396: 2389: 2381: 2367:10.2307/1602247 2350: 2344: 2340: 2332: 2309: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2218: 2201:Daniel Waterman 2122:'s last novel, 2079: 2049:Schedule I 1967: 1940: 1934: 1929: 1923: 1915: 1850: 1845: 1749: 1739: 1719: 1713: 1666: 1635:South American 1592: 1569:Peyote Religion 1541: 1513: 1507: 1500: 1453:8th century BCE 1421: 1415: 1383: 1335: 1329: 1283:Ego dissolution 1245: 1221: 1217: 1210: 1146:Boletus manicus 1073: 1045: 939: 923: 826: 805:is used in the 777: 717:Datura wrightii 630: 620: 603:Khat leaves of 597: 569:Silene capensis 524: 519: 513: 378:morning glories 339: 333: 327: 289: 283: 177:Carl A. 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Dick 2109: 2078: 2075: 2061:discriminating 2007: 2006: 2003: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1966: 1963: 1936:Main article: 1933: 1930: 1925:Main article: 1922: 1921:United Nations 1919: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1738: 1735: 1715:Main article: 1712: 1709: 1673:Mestre Gabriel 1665: 1662: 1591: 1588: 1540: 1537: 1499: 1496: 1485:Acorus calamus 1472:Michael Zohary 1451:dating to the 1417:Main article: 1414: 1411: 1406:Jack Kornfield 1382: 1379: 1364:come from the 1348:native to the 1331:Main article: 1328: 1325: 1247: 1246: 1224: 1222: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1072: 1069: 1044: 1041: 938: 935: 922: 919: 834:Herba de Maria 825: 822: 814:Quechua people 776: 773: 619: 616: 596: 593: 572:sacred to the 523: 520: 512: 509: 441:Indo-Europeans 329:Main article: 326: 323: 281: 169:ethnobotanists 157: 154: 131:ecstatic dance 83: 82: 73: 72: 71: 62: 61: 60: 59: 58: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7773: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 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7266: 7262: 7259: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7222: 7219: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7191: 7190:Three Witches 7188: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7171: 7168: 7166: 7163: 7161: 7158: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7150:Morgan le Fay 7148: 7146: 7143: 7141: 7138: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7128: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7090: 7084: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6995:Kitchen witch 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6646:Latin America 6644: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6590: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6578: 6575: 6571: 6570:Witch smeller 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6546: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6524: 6519: 6517: 6512: 6510: 6505: 6504: 6501: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6442: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6396:Earth Changes 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6340: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6313:Eckhart Tolle 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6258:Andrew Harvey 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6243:Linda Goodman 6241: 6239: 6238:Shakti Gawain 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6208:Deepak Chopra 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6183:James Brennan 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6122: 6121:Seth Material 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6039: 6036: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6012: 6011:New-age music 6009: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5986: 5981: 5979: 5974: 5972: 5967: 5966: 5963: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5945:Seven virtues 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5935:Moral courage 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5667:Kathenotheism 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5632:Anthroposophy 5630: 5628: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5576:Vegetarianism 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5556:Sufi whirling 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5541:Simple living 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5446:Nonresistance 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5406:Koan practice 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5371:Faith healing 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5346:Contemplation 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5265: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5238:Synchronicity 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5168:Reincarnation 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5033:Enlightenment 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4993:Consciousness 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4915: 4913: 4908: 4906: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4890: 4885: 4881: 4880: 4871: 4870:0-415-32327-4 4867: 4863: 4859: 4857: 4856:0-9720292-1-4 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4830:0-9747645-0-7 4827: 4823: 4822: 4817: 4815: 4814:0-89281-979-0 4811: 4807: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781:"Māori kava ( 4779:M. Bock 2000 4778: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4761: 4759: 4758:1-58542-034-4 4755: 4751: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4731: 4730:0-914171-18-6 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4685: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4625:MAPS Bulletin 4619: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4604:9781576076453 4600: 4596: 4595: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4566: 4555: 4553:9780295981123 4549: 4545: 4544: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4520: 4506: 4505: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4464:(2): 119–28. 4463: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4433: 4429: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4346: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4315:(8): 577–85. 4314: 4310: 4303: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4254: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4170: 4162: 4161:peyoteway.org 4158: 4152: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4109: 4102: 4095: 4090: 4083: 4078: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4059: 4052: 4048: 4045: 4040: 4031: 4024: 4018: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3990: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3951: 3941: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3889: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3826:(2): 99–118. 3825: 3821: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3771: 3769:0-674-00458-2 3765: 3761: 3760: 3752: 3737: 3733: 3726: 3719:(2): 214–237. 3718: 3714: 3707: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3513: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3400: 3384: 3378: 3371:. Erowid.org. 3370: 3364: 3348: 3342: 3334: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3290: 3282: 3280:0-340-12875-5 3276: 3272: 3265: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3231: 3227: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3202: 3194: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3175: 3167: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3134: 3132:0-553-37130-4 3128: 3124: 3117: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3076: 3068: 3066:0-9763091-0-6 3062: 3058: 3051: 3043: 3037: 3030: 3025: 3018: 3013: 2997: 2991: 2975: 2969: 2954:on 8 May 2014 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2884: 2877: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2842: 2838: 2836:0-89089-575-9 2832: 2828: 2827: 2819: 2811: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2787:9780691147208 2783: 2779: 2772: 2764: 2757: 2749: 2742: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2531:(1): nix016. 2530: 2526: 2522: 2515: 2513: 2504: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2453: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2394: 2392: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2349: 2342: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2301: 2297: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2262:Psychoactive 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2132:Aldous Huxley 2130: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2097: 2092: 2091:Frank Herbert 2088: 2084: 2083: 2082: 2077:In literature 2074: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2032: 2027: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1977:Supreme Court 1974: 1973: 1965:United States 1962: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1928: 1918: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1856: 1853:Psychoactive 1852: 1851: 1840: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1783:Timothy Leary 1780: 1779:Walter Pahnke 1776: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1734: 1732: 1731:Cake of Light 1728: 1724: 1718: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617:Mestre Irineu 1614: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1536: 1533: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1505: 1495: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1480:James A. Duke 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1425: 1420: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1358:ancient India 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1334: 1324: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1214: 1213: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1078: 1068: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 983: 981: 980: 975: 970: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 934: 932: 928: 918: 916: 915: 910: 906: 902: 898: 896: 891: 887: 886: 881: 877: 872: 870: 866: 865: 860: 855: 853: 852: 847: 843: 835: 830: 821: 819: 815: 810: 808: 804: 800: 798: 794: 790: 781: 775:South America 772: 770: 766: 765: 760: 759:Texas buckeye 756: 752: 748: 747: 741: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718: 713: 711: 710: 705: 704: 699: 698: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 674: 670: 666: 663: 659: 658:North America 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 629: 625: 615: 613: 606: 601: 592: 590: 586: 582: 577: 575: 571: 570: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 548: 543: 539: 538: 533: 529: 518: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 489: 485:of the genus 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 467:Robert Graves 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 447: 442: 437: 435: 434: 429: 428: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 401: 396: 394: 390: 389: 384: 379: 375: 371: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 338: 332: 321: 318: 313: 308: 304: 297: 295: 287: 280: 275: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 252: 247: 243: 242: 236: 233: 228: 223: 217: 205: 194: 193:Ancient Greek 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 163: 153: 151: 147: 143: 139: 134: 132: 128: 125:, hymns like 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 107:transcendence 102: 100: 96: 92: 77: 66: 57: 52: 45: 38: 31: 27: 23: 7756:Drug culture 7746:Spirituality 7665:Witch (word) 7614:Witch's mark 7423:Early Modern 7359: 7351: 7343: 7335: 7327: 7321:Daemonologie 7319: 7311: 7303: 7295: 7287: 7279: 7273:Laienspiegel 7271: 7263: 7255: 7247: 7239: 7231: 7223: 7155:Muma Pădurii 7086:Folklore and 7057:Sator Square 7010:Magic circle 7005:Magic carpet 6965:Crystal ball 6902:Spiritualism 6809: 6726:Witch doctor 6609:Cunning folk 6458:Neoshamanism 6328:Stuart Wilde 6298:Jane Roberts 6213:Paulo Coelho 6193:Eileen Caddy 6188:Rhonda Byrne 6178:Richard Bach 6152:UFO religion 6132:Spirituality 6127:Spiritualism 6119: 6021:Neoclassical 5844: 5837: 5827:Tao Te Ching 5825: 5808: 5791: 5784: 5762: 5722:Spiritualism 5551:Supplication 5355: 5233:Supernatural 5223:Spiritualism 5098:Kevala jnana 5028:Emanationism 4937:Spirituality 4861: 4839: 4820: 4801: 4795: 4782: 4773: 4749: 4746:Huston Smith 4736: 4718:Psychedelics 4717: 4704:the original 4699: 4695: 4676:. 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