2049:
2255:
2372:. Most businesses have names, logos, and similar branding techniques that could benefit from trademarking. Patents and copyrights in the United States are largely governed by federal law, while trade secrets and trademarking are mostly a matter of state law. Because of the nature of intellectual property, a business needs protection in every jurisdiction in which they are concerned about competitors. Many countries are signatories to international
45:
1710:
2174:
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and enforced by the United States
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Other western nations have comparable regulatory bodies. The regulations are implemented and enforced by the China Securities Regulation Commission (CSRC) in China. In Singapore, the regulatory authority is the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), and in Hong Kong, it is the Securities and Futures Commission (SFC).
235:
1679:, finance deals with the problems of ensuring that the firm can safely and profitably carry out its operational and financial objectives; i.e. that it: (1) has sufficient cash flow for ongoing and upcoming operational expenses, and (2) can service both maturing short-term debt repayments, and scheduled long-term debt payments. Finance also deals with the
2121:
where the partnership is located. No paperwork or filing is necessary to create a partnership, and without an agreement, the relationships and legal rights of the partners will be entirely governed by the law of the jurisdiction where the partnership is located. A single person who owns and runs a business is commonly known as a
2147:(IPO) means that part of the business will be owned by members of the public. This requires the organization as a distinct entity, to disclose information to the public, and adhering to a tighter set of laws and procedures. Most public entities are corporations that have sold shares, but increasingly there are also public
3921:
2112:, limited partners, or members are governed partly by the charter documents and partly by the law of the jurisdiction where the entity is organized. Generally speaking, shareholders in a corporation, limited partners in a limited partnership, and members in a limited liability company are shielded from
2326:
Businesses that have gone public are subject to regulations concerning their internal governance, such as how executive officers' compensation is determined, and when and how information is disclosed to shareholders and to the public. In the United States, these regulations are primarily implemented
2107:
Many businesses are operated through a separate entity such as a corporation or a partnership (either formed with or without limited liability). Most legal jurisdictions allow people to organize such an entity by filing certain charter documents with the relevant
Secretary of State or equivalent and
2120:
Where two or more individuals own a business together but have failed to organize a more specialized form of vehicle, they will be treated as a general partnership. The terms of a partnership are partly governed by a partnership agreement if one is created, and partly by the law of the jurisdiction
1631:
Commerce is the process of exchanging goods and services. It is not just a single activity, but a set of activities that includes trade (buying and selling goods and services) and auxiliary services or aids to trade, that includes communication and marketing, logistics, finance, banking, insurance,
1216:
is a company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors; the second company being deemed as a subsidiary of the parent company. The subsidiary company can be allowed to maintain its own board of directors. The
1100:
is the most common form of the company used for business ventures. Specifically, a limited company is a "company in which the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount individually invested" with corporations being "the most common example of a limited company." This type of company is
2330:
The proliferation and increasing complexity of the laws governing business have forced increasing specialization in corporate law. It is not unheard of for certain kinds of corporate transactions to require a team of five to ten attorneys due to sprawling regulation. Commercial law spans general
2226:
Some specialized businesses may also require licenses, either due to laws governing entry into certain trades, occupations or professions, that require special education or to raise revenue for local governments. Professions that require special licenses include law, medicine, piloting aircraft,
1208:
as to the issued shares, the trading of shares and a future issue of shares to help bolster the reputation of the exchange or particular market of exchange. Private companies do not have publicly traded shares, and often contain restrictions on transfers of shares. In some jurisdictions, private
2376:
concerning intellectual property, and thus companies registered in these countries are subject to national laws bound by these treaties. In order to protect trade secrets, companies may require employees to sign noncompete clauses which will impose limitations on an employee's interactions with
1147:
were the only types of companies before the passing of modern companies legislation. Now they are relatively rare, except for very old companies that still survive (of which there are still many, particularly many
British banks), or modern societies that fulfill a quasi-regulatory function (for
1890:
Research and development refer to activities in connection with corporate or government innovation. Research and development constitute the first stage of development of a potential new service or product. Research and development are very difficult to manage since the defining feature of the
2030:. BPM attempts to improve processes continuously. It can, therefore, be described as a "process optimization process". It is argued that BPM enables organizations to be more efficient, effective and capable of change than a functionally focused, traditional hierarchical management approach.
1118:
A company limited by guarantee with a share capital is a hybrid entity, usually used where the company is formed for non-commercial purposes, but the activities of the company are partly funded by investors who expect a return. This type of company may no longer be formed in the UK, although
1739:
are relatively new as they began developing in the late 20th century. HR departments main goal is to maximize employee productivity and protecting the company from any issues that may arise in the future. Some of the most common activities conducted by those working in HR include increasing
2139:
In most countries, there are laws that treat small corporations differently from large ones. They may be exempt from certain legal filing requirements or labor laws, have simplified procedures in specialized areas, and have simplified, advantageous, or slightly different tax treatment.
2136:, because first the corporation pays tax on the profit, and then when the corporation distributes its profits to its owners, individuals have to include dividends in their income when they complete their personal tax returns, at which point a second layer of income tax is imposed.
2395:
who have come together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, achieving higher pay and benefits such as health care and retirement, increasing the number of employees an employer assigns to complete the work, and better
2075:. Generally, a smaller business is more flexible, while larger businesses, or those with wider ownership or more formal structures, will usually tend to be organized as corporations or (less often) partnerships. In addition, a business that wishes to raise money on a
3913:
1040:
or co-op is a limited-liability business that can organize as for-profit or not-for-profit. A cooperative differs from a corporation in that it has members, not shareholders, and they share decision-making authority. Cooperatives are typically classified as either
1992:
Owners may manage their businesses themselves, or employ managers to do so for them. Whether they are owners or employees, managers administer three primary components of the business's value: financial resources, capital (tangible resources), and
2128:
General partners in a partnership (other than a limited liability partnership), plus anyone who personally owns and operates a business without creating a separate legal entity, are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the business.
2116:
for the debts and obligations of the entity, which is legally treated as a separate "person". This means that unless there is misconduct, the owner's own possessions are strongly protected in law if the business does not succeed.
1126:
with or without a share capital is a hybrid entity, a company where the liability of members or shareholders for the debts (if any) of the company are not limited. In this case, the doctrine of a veil of incorporation does not
2335:, health-care law, securities law, mergers and acquisitions, tax law, employee benefit plans, food and drug regulation, intellectual property law on copyrights, patents, trademarks, telecommunications law, and financing.
1483:
organizations are involved in producing, facilitating, promoting, or organizing any activity, experience, or business enterprise focused on sports. They make their profits by selling goods and services that are sports
2091:
Disclosure and compliance requirements. Different business structures may be required to make less or more information public (or report it to relevant authorities) and may be bound to comply with different rules and
974:
is a business owned by two or more people. In most forms of partnerships, each partner has unlimited liability for the debts incurred by the business. The three most prevalent types of for-profit partnerships are
3474:
1070:
is a system in which entrepreneurs purchase the rights to open and run a business from a larger corporation. Franchising in the United States is widespread and is a major economic powerhouse. One out of twelve
1909:
costs, and workers' compensation claims. New technologies, like wearable safety devices and available online safety training, continue to be developed to encourage employers to invest in protection beyond the
2017:
on a company-type management system. Many state institutions and enterprises in China and Russia have transformed into joint-stock companies, with part of their shares being listed on public stock markets.
3127:; Desplaces, David E.; Davis, fAmy E. (2011). "A Comparison of Retail Franchises, Independent Businesses, and Purchased Existing Independent Business Startups: Lessons from the Kauffman Firm Survey".
1561:
act as middlemen and get goods produced by manufacturers to the intended consumers; they make their profits by marking up their prices. Most stores and catalog companies are distributors or retailers.
1081:
is commonly used where companies are formed for non-commercial purposes, such as clubs or charities. The members guarantee the payment of certain (usually nominal) amounts if the company goes into
1597:
in 1494. Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users, including
1166:
In legal parlance, the owners of a company are normally referred to as the "members". In a company limited or unlimited by shares (formed or incorporated with a share capital), this will be the
1928:
Sales are activity related to selling or the number of goods or services sold in a given time period. Sales are often integrated with all lines of business and are key to a companies' success.
2095:
Control and coordination requirements. In function of the risk and complexity of the tasks to organize, a business is organized through a set of formal and informal mechanisms. In particular,
2227:
selling liquor, radio broadcasting, selling investment securities, selling used cars, and roofing. Local jurisdictions may also require special licenses and taxes just to operate a business.
2082:
The sector and country. Private profit-making businesses are different from government-owned bodies. In some countries, certain businesses are legally obliged to be organized in certain ways.
1905:
Injuries cost businesses billions of dollars annually. Studies have shown how company acceptance and implementation of comprehensive safety and health management systems reduce incidents,
1859:"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large."
166:
for businesses is different from that of the corporates. A business structure does not allow for corporate tax rates. The proprietor is personally taxed on all income from the business.
2125:, whether that person owns it directly or through a formally organized entity. Depending on the business needs, an adviser can decide what kind is proprietorship will be most suitable.
1724:
job applicants. Human resources, or HR, is crucial for all businesses to succeed as it helps companies adjust to a fast-moving business environment and the increasing demand for jobs.
2215:
In many countries, it is difficult to compile all the laws that can affect a business into a single reference source. Laws can govern the treatment of labour and employee relations,
3292:
1997:. These resources are administered in at least six functional areas: legal contracting, manufacturing or service production, marketing, accounting, financing, and human resources.
1299:, or to other businesses. Interior decorators, beauticians, hair stylists, make-up artists, tanning salons, laundromats, dry cleaners, and pest controllers are service businesses.
3639:
Rowe, Kelly P. (2007). OSHA and small businesses: A winning combination: When small businesses tap into OSHA's many resources, everyone benefits. Occupational
Hazards, 69(3), 33.
1063:
by doing business under a separate legal entity with certain legal protections. In contrast, a general partnership or persons working on their own are usually not as protected.
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3322:
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A very detailed and well-established body of rules that evolved over a very long period of time applies to commercial transactions. The need to regulate trade and
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1217:
definition of a parent company differs by jurisdiction, with the definition normally being defined by way of laws dealing with companies in that jurisdiction.
3710:
3885:
1155:
Statutory companies are certain companies that have been formed by a private statute passed in the relevant jurisdiction, and are relatively rare today.
1861:
The term developed from the original meaning which referred literally to going to a market to buy or sell goods or services. Marketing tactics include
3545:
1766:
Some careers of those involved in the Human
Resource field include enrollment specialists, HR analyst, recruiter, employment relations manager, etc.
3103:
2026:
Business process management (BPM) is a holistic management approach focused on aligning all aspects of an organization with the wants and needs of
784:
162:
A business entity is not necessarily separate from the owner and the creditors can hold the owner liable for debts the business has acquired. The
3735:
2219:, discrimination on the basis of age, gender, disability, race, and in some jurisdictions, sexual orientation, and the minimum wage, as well as
1683:
objective of maximizing the value of the business, while also balancing risk and profitability; this includes the interrelated questions of (1)
3245:
500:
742:
4014:
3286:
931:, also known as a sole trader, is owned by one person and operates for their benefit. The owner operates the business alone and may hire
1196:
for legal and regulatory purposes. Public companies are companies whose shares can be publicly traded, often (although not always) on a
3603:
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innovation and creativity within a company, applying new approaches to work projects, and efficient training and communication with
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200:
rates. They are also more complicated and expensive to set up, but offer more protection and benefits for the owners and members.
3951:
906:
3421:
3004:
Holloway, S. S.; Parmigiani, A. (2014). "Friends and
Profits Don't Mix: The Performance Implications of Repeated Partnerships".
2412:) with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is "maintaining or improving the conditions of their
17:
3658:
3623:
Leigh, J. (2011). Economic Burden of
Occupational Injury and Illness in the United States. Milbank Quarterly, 89(4), 728–772.
2132:
Generally, corporations are required to pay tax just like "real" people. In some tax systems, this can give rise to so-called
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601:
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and legal services related to trade. Business is also defined as engaging in commerce, as these are done in all businesses.
1185:
There are, however, many, many sub-categories of types of company that can be formed in various jurisdictions in the world.
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in the United States employs "more than 3,000 team members with advanced computing, analytical and technical skills".
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1986:
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role as it involves oversight of the entirety of the company. HRIS involves the storage and organization of employee
1097:
538:
128:
81:
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Other types of capital sourcing include crowdsourcing on the
Internet, venture capital, bank loans, and debentures.
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to direct the corporation and hire its managerial staff. A privately owned, for-profit corporation can be either
88:
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66:
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3803:"Control–Trust Dynamics in Organizations: Identifying Shared Perspectives and Charting Conceptual Fault Lines"
2151:
that sell units (sometimes also called shares), and other more exotic entities as well, such as, for example,
2071:
The size and scope of the business firm and its structure, management, and ownership, broadly analyzed in the
3248:(Report). Committee on Accounting Procedure, American Institute of Accountants. November 1940. Archived from
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3039:
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2718:
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984:
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1819:, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from
1085:, but otherwise, they have no economic rights in relation to the company. This type of company is common in
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2152:
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business 1 the activity of making money by producing or buying and selling goods, or providing services.
1075:
businesses in the United States are franchised and 8 million people are employed in a franchised business.
95:
3095:
2216:
1056:
899:
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289:
2420:, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing, and promotion of workers, benefits,
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or to be owned by a wide range of people will often be required to adopt a specific legal form to do so.
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1763:
including full names, addresses, means of contact, and anything else required by that certain company.
1042:
508:
284:
269:
1911:
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research is that the researchers do not know in advance exactly how to accomplish the desired result.
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dates back to about 1772 BC for example and contains provisions that relate, among other matters, to
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1748:
857:
792:
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279:
209:
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of the business belong to a sole proprietor, including, for example, a computer infrastructure, any
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2708:
2300:
2043:
1885:
1828:
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1326:
752:
619:
294:
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2400:. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (
2088:. Different structures are treated differently in tax law and may have advantages for this reason.
1059:(LLC) and other specific types of business organization protect their owners or shareholders from
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2304:
2292:
2281:
2144:
1824:
1558:
1226:
461:
382:
55:
3648:
Goldberg, S. (2016). Business
Technical: Wearable Devices at Work. Business Insurance, 50(2), 1.
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2356:" that needs protection from competitors for the company to stay profitable. This could require
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offer intangible goods or services and typically charge for labor or other services provided to
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2014:
1966:
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1978:
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249:
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Accounting is the measurement, processing, and communication of financial information about
1101:
common in
England and many English-speaking countries. A company limited by shares may be a
3859:
3399:
3161:
Black's Law and lee Dictionary. Second Pocket Edition. Bryan A. Garner, editor. West. 2001.
2920:
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1970:
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Many businesses have an Information technology (IT) department, which supports the use of
8:
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2666:
2597:
2580:
2449:
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1950:
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Human resources can be defined as division of business that involves finding, screening,
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1510:
1502:
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complying with certain other ongoing obligations. The relationships and legal rights of
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3759:"Do formal contracts and relational governance function as substitutes or complements?"
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3021:
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2713:
2661:
2619:
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847:
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over time under conditions of different degrees of uncertainty and risk. In the
169:
A distinction is made in law and public offices between the term business and a
4069:
3181:
2784:
2540:
2505:
2285:
2231:
2192:
and resolve business disputes helped shape the creation of law and courts. The
2168:
2061:
1617:. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms.
1480:
1402:
1366:
1310:
1213:
1197:
1104:
1030:
1022:
940:
3523:
Thousands of new tech team members helping transform Ford with more on the way
1872:
With the rise in technology, marketing is further divided into a class called
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specify the forms of ownership that a business can take, creating a body of
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Organization undertaking commercial, industrial, or professional activity
2230:
Some businesses are subject to ongoing special regulation, for example,
1178:
in a bid to attract business for their jurisdictions. Examples include "
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3246:
Accounting Research Bulletins No. 7 Reports of Committee on Terminology
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2646:
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1170:. In a company limited by guarantee, this will be the guarantors. Some
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144:
is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or
4007:"What is Trade Union? Definition of Trade Union, Trade Union Meaning"
2842:
2735:
2651:
2587:
2365:
2361:
2067:
The major factors affecting how a business is organized are usually:
1962:
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1848:
1421:. These industries are usually operated under the charge of a public
1398:
1376:
1266:
1261:
businesses that extract natural resources and raw materials, such as
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1876:. It is marketing products and services using digital technologies.
159:). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit."
44:
3405:
2926:
2555:
2239:
2189:
2096:
1914:" and reduce the cost to businesses of protecting their employees.
1778:
and computer systems in support of enterprise goals. The role of a
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1721:
1626:
1602:
1598:
1590:
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and enterprises after business enterprises. In 2003, for example,
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1159:"Ltd after the company's name signifies limited company, and PLC (
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or privately owned, and they can organize either for profit or as
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2560:
1958:
1866:
1812:
1660:
1384:
1282:
1086:
330:
170:
2323:(India). Most countries with capital markets have at least one.
1501:
or from component parts, then export the finished products at a
3404:
business 2 The practice of making one's living by engaging in
3288:
Peggy Bishop Lane on Why Accounting Is the Language of Business
2925:
business 2 The practice of making one's living by engaging in
2435:
2373:
2357:
2308:
2201:
2177:
1900:
1550:
1089:. A company limited by guarantee may be with or without having
1072:
3659:"How To Organize Your Marketing Department In The Digital Age"
3234:. Financial Accounting Series (12 ed.). Cengage Learning.
2212:
in Iron-Age India accorded legal rights to business entities.
493:
Charitable incorporated organisation (England and Wales)
3886:"The Economic History of the Corporate Form in Ancient India"
2804:
2747:
2010:
2006:
1923:
1668:
1406:
1392:
1278:
1252:
948:
152:
145:
3040:"What is a for-profit organization? Definition and examples"
1009:. A privately owned, for-profit corporation is owned by its
2473:
2417:
1816:
1760:
1544:
1540:
1306:
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and not companies as the term is commonly understood today.
939:
for all obligations incurred by the business, whether from
234:
2799:
2103:
as well as support communication and information sharing.
1274:
4001:
3999:
3291:. Knowledge @ Wharton High School. September 23, 2013.
3213:"How a Parent Company Works: Types of Parent Companies"
3907:
3905:
3499:"What is an HRIS (Human Resource Information System)?"
2246:
are also very complex and can affect many businesses.
3538:
Marketing definition approved in October 2007 by the
3182:"What Public Limited Company (PLC) Means in the U.K."
2159:
in the UK. A general partnership cannot "go public".
1755:, or HRIS. The HRM route is for those who prefer an
1691:, deciding on the mix of funding to be used; and (3)
1437:
agencies generate profits primarily from the sale of
3996:
3382:(6th ed.). Oxofrd University Press. p. 26.
2431:
2223:, worker compensation, and working hours and leave.
181:. Colloquially, the terms are used interchangeably.
3902:
3451:"Human Resources (HR) Meaning and Responsibilities"
3123:
2280:Capital may be raised through private means, by an
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3883:
3344:
3343:
3003:
2000:
1687:, which businesses and projects to invest in; (2)
1663:is a field that deals with the study of money and
1235:, such as the domestication of fish, animals, and
1049:. Cooperatives are fundamental to the ideology of
196:for their owners and members. They are subject to
4079:
3590:
3588:
3564:"Why Research and Development (R&D) Matters"
3279:
2841:business 1. The activity of buying and selling
2204:. The word "corporation" derives from the Latin
2005:In recent decades, states modeled some of their
1395:and individuals to their destinations for a fee.
1209:companies have maximum numbers of shareholders.
1188:Companies are also sometimes distinguished into
1119:provisions still exist in law for them to exist.
3685:"What Are the Branches of Business Management?"
1747:Two of the most popular subdivisions of HR are
1535:businesses sell, invest, construct and develop
192:. They are separate legal entities and provide
2033:
2021:
1727:The term "Human Resource" was first coined by
1163:) indicates that its shares are widely held."
501:Scottish charitable incorporated organisation
3944:"What is Ipo? Definition of Ipo, Ipo Meaning"
3585:
3275:. London: Morre. pp. 001–002. id# 94452.
3229:
2234:, investment securities, banking, insurance,
2143:"Going public" through a process known as an
1152:is a corporation formed by a modern charter).
900:
3377:
3230:Needles, Belverd E.; Powers, Marian (2013).
2269:When businesses need to raise money (called
2099:and relational governance can help mitigate
1001:from its owners. Corporations can be either
3756:
3155:
1879:
1613:. Practitioners of accounting are known as
3800:
2893:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
1589:. The modern field was established by the
907:
893:
3774:
3475:"What is HR (Human Resource Management)?"
2200:costs and dealings between merchants and
2052:Time required to start a business in 2017
1782:is to lead this department. For example,
1769:
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
4035:
2341:
2253:
2172:
2047:
1708:
1135:Most corporations by letters patent are
3801:Long, Chris P.; Sitkin, Sim B. (2018).
3380:A Dictionary of Business and Management
3307:
3264:
3223:
2862:(2nd ed.). Pearson Longman. 2007.
2416:". This may include the negotiation of
1957:. The major branches of management are
1953:, and study of this subject, is called
14:
4080:
3371:
2940:
602:Limited liability limited partnership
517:Industrial and provident society
4036:Webb, Sidney; Webb, Beatrice (1920).
3974:"What is Intellectual Property (IP)?"
3796:
3794:
3738:from the original on 23 November 2020
3445:
3443:
3207:
3205:
2391:A trade union (or labor union) is an
923:, but several common entities exist:
699:Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung
4029:
4017:from the original on 1 February 2021
3984:from the original on 22 January 2021
3911:
3365:participating institution membership
3179:
3096:"Definition of a Franchise Business"
1695:, what to do with "excess" capital.
1182:" and restricted purpose companies.
1131:Less common types of companies are:
1021:by a small group of individuals, or
919:Forms of business ownership vary by
184:Corporations are distinct from with
67:adding citations to reliable sources
38:
3954:from the original on 10 August 2021
3924:from the original on 11 August 2021
3757:Poppo, Laura; Zenger, Todd (2002).
3728:"Time required to start a business"
3665:from the original on April 26, 2018
3093:
2859:Longman Business English Dictionary
24:
3791:
3561:
3440:
3325:from the original on 19 March 2015
3273:Accounting Concepts & Theories
3232:Principles of Financial Accounting
3202:
2672:List of international trade topics
2291:Major stock exchanges include the
1827:, but is most commonly applied to
1753:Human Resource Information Systems
1698:
1677:context of business and management
1220:
935:. A sole proprietor has unlimited
25:
4114:
4049:
3428:from the original on 7 April 2020
3295:from the original on 13 June 2018
3270:
2352:Businesses often have important "
2162:
1987:information technology management
3629:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2011.00648.x
2434:
1789:
997:and the business has a separate
744:Société à responsabilité limitée
233:
43:
3966:
3936:
3877:
3866:from the original on 2013-10-19
3852:
3841:from the original on 2022-03-03
3750:
3720:
3701:
3677:
3651:
3642:
3633:
3617:
3606:from the original on 2020-10-03
3574:from the original on 2018-07-10
3555:
3532:
3515:
3491:
3467:
3419:
3413:
3386:
3337:
3238:
3191:from the original on 2018-07-06
3173:
3164:
3117:
3106:from the original on 2016-11-26
3087:
3076:from the original on 2020-10-30
2981:"What is a sole proprietorship"
2380:
2377:stakeholders, and competitors.
2001:Restructuring state enterprises
1865:as well as determining product
1449:, mass media companies such as
54:needs additional citations for
3540:American Marketing Association
3056:
3032:
2997:
2973:
2934:
2907:
2884:
2850:
2823:
2331:corporate law, employment and
1944:Outline of business management
1855:American Marketing Association
1667:. It includes the dynamics of
1656:Strategic financial management
1180:segregated portfolio companies
1174:have created special forms of
985:limited liability partnerships
13:
1:
3129:Journal of Marketing Channels
3069:Small Business Administration
3064:"Choose a business structure"
3006:Academy of Management Journal
2816:
2719:Management information system
2288:, or in multiple other ways.
2242:, and health care providers.
2153:real estate investment trusts
1931:
1570:
1565:
1343:real estate investment trusts
967:owned by the sole proprietor.
3807:Academy of Management Annals
3763:Strategic Management Journal
3141:10.1080/1046669X.2011.533109
2832:American Heritage Dictionary
2217:worker protection and safety
1949:The efficient and effective
1853:Marketing is defined by the
1842:
1733:The Distribution of Wealth'.
1079:Company limited by guarantee
626:Massachusetts business trust
7:
2427:
2184:Downtown Financial District
2034:Organization and regulation
2022:Business process management
1620:
1057:Limited liability companies
813:Piercing the corporate veil
509:Community interest company
484:UK / Ireland / Commonwealth
472:Economic interest grouping
10:
4119:
4040:. Longmans and Co. London.
3596:"Research and development"
3395:Oxford Living Dictionaries
3378:Jonathan Law, ed. (2016).
3315:"Department of Accounting"
3100:Small Business – Chron.com
2916:Oxford Living Dictionaries
2768:List of real estate topics
2447:
2384:
2345:
2249:
2166:
2037:
1941:
1935:
1921:
1898:
1883:
1846:
1793:
1702:
1649:
1639:
1635:
1624:
1574:
1224:
947:against the business. All
582:Limited liability company
207:
29:
4070:Resources in your library
4038:History of Trade Unionism
3352:Oxford English Dictionary
3319:Foster School of Business
2729:List of production topics
2704:List of largest employers
2699:List of company registers
2551:Change management analyst
2462:List of accounting topics
2244:Environmental regulations
1967:human resource management
1942:For a topical guide, see
1894:
1780:chief information officer
1749:Human Resource Management
1451:cable television networks
1098:company limited by shares
793:Internal affairs doctrine
788:and estoppel corporations
210:List of business entities
32:Business (disambiguation)
3884:Vikramaditya S. Khanna.
3819:10.5465/annals.2016.0055
2944:Burton's Legal Thesaurus
2941:Burton, William (2007).
2845:, products, or services.
2810:Types of business entity
2741:List of marketing topics
2709:List of oldest companies
2603:List of economics topics
2404:members) and negotiates
2301:Hong Kong Stock Exchange
2273:), they sometimes offer
2208:, meaning body, and the
2064:applicable to business.
2044:Industry self-regulation
1917:
1886:Research and development
1880:Research and development
217:This article is part of
203:
3860:"Law Code of Hammurabi"
3600:Encyclopedia Britannica
3529:, accessed 22 July 2023
3357:Oxford University Press
2393:organization of workers
2305:New York Stock Exchange
2293:Shanghai Stock Exchange
2282:initial public offering
2145:initial public offering
2015:state-owned enterprises
1951:operation of a business
1912:canary in the coal mine
1585:such as businesses and
1227:Industry classification
1105:publicly traded company
1025:, with publicly traded
1007:nonprofit organizations
463:Societas unius personae
325:General corporate forms
4103:Business organizations
2753:Organizational studies
2620:List of finance topics
2266:
2259:Mexican Stock Exchange
2185:
2053:
1807:for use or sale using
1776:information technology
1770:Information technology
1713:
1547:, and other buildings.
1347:sovereign wealth funds
1172:offshore jurisdictions
1161:public limited company
1111:privately held company
775:Business judgment rule
18:Enterprise (economics)
3018:10.5465/amj.2013.0581
2949:McGraw-Hill Education
2657:Intellectual property
2499:Social responsibility
2410:collective bargaining
2368:, or preservation of
2354:intellectual property
2348:Intellectual property
2342:Intellectual property
2321:Bombay Stock Exchange
2313:London Stock Exchange
2257:
2176:
2051:
1979:operations management
1975:production management
1835:are transformed into
1831:production, in which
1803:is the production of
1712:
1640:Further information:
1439:intellectual property
1083:insolvent liquidation
1043:consumer cooperatives
959:equipment, or retail
719:Naamloze vennootschap
709:Kabushiki gaisha
526:Limited company
3912:Hargrave, Marshall.
3180:Hargrave, Marshall.
3044:Market Business News
2790:Strategic management
2684:Job creation program
2632:Government ownership
2566:Corporate personhood
2516:Business mathematics
2317:Tokyo Stock Exchange
1971:strategic management
1959:financial management
1642:Financial management
1339:private-equity funds
1335:private-equity firms
1331:investment companies
1202:listing requirements
1145:Charter corporations
981:limited partnerships
977:general partnerships
843:Beneficial ownership
780:Corporate governance
616:Delaware corporation
443:Societas cooperativa
63:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
4098:Main topic articles
3521:Lodge-Jarrett, J.,
3355:(Online ed.).
3125:Welsh, Dianne H. B.
2839:on March 31, 2019.
2667:International trade
2642:Industry categories
2598:Financial economics
2581:Electronic business
2511:Business law topics
2450:Outline of business
2263:Paseo de la Reforma
2013:modeled 80% of its
1475:magazine publishing
1379:businesses such as
1323:insurance companies
1305:businesses include
1047:worker cooperatives
929:sole proprietorship
858:Corporate registers
818:Rochdale Principles
572:Benefit corporation
398:Sole proprietorship
4011:The Economic Times
3948:The Economic Times
3914:"What Is Capital?"
3713:2008-06-11 at the
3548:2010-12-27 at the
3527:Ford Motor Company
3422:"What is Finance?"
3170:Companies Act 2006
3094:Gleeson, Patrick.
2795:Strategic planning
2714:Lists of companies
2662:Interim management
2593:Economic democracy
2536:Business valuation
2398:working conditions
2297:Singapore Exchange
2267:
2186:
2114:personal liability
2073:theory of the firm
2054:
2040:Theory of the firm
1983:service management
1839:on a large scale.
1784:Ford Motor Company
1714:
1685:capital investment
1646:Managerial finance
1389:shipping companies
1303:Financial services
1289:Service businesses
1051:economic democracy
1015:board of directors
659:Aktiengesellschaft
631:Nevada corporation
146:buying and selling
4056:Library resources
3732:Our World in Data
3363:(Subscription or
3252:on 7 January 2014
2900:on July 9, 2019.
2780:Shareholder value
2775:Revenue shortfall
2694:Limited liability
2521:Business mediator
2194:Code of Hammurabi
1874:digital marketing
1689:capital structure
1652:Corporate finance
1583:economic entities
1447:production houses
1194:private companies
1138:corporations sole
1124:unlimited company
999:legal personality
995:limited liability
963:, as well as any
917:
916:
798:Limited liability
760:
759:
669:Ansvarlig selskap
556:Unlimited company
393:Shelf corporation
388:Shell corporation
376:Limited liability
194:limited liability
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
4110:
4093:Entrepreneurship
4043:
4041:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4003:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3891:. Archived from
3890:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3778:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3724:
3718:
3708:Major Industries
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3681:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3631:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3592:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3559:
3553:
3536:
3530:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3503:SearchHRSoftware
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3402:on May 1, 2019.
3398:. Archived from
3390:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3360:
3348:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3271:Diwan, Jaswith.
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
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3242:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3209:
3200:
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3197:
3196:
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3162:
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3115:
3114:
3112:
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3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2947:(4th ed.).
2938:
2932:
2931:
2923:on May 1, 2019.
2919:. Archived from
2911:
2905:
2904:
2896:. Archived from
2888:
2882:
2881:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2835:. Archived from
2827:
2689:Labour economics
2610:Entrepreneurship
2531:Business tourism
2444:
2439:
2438:
2422:workplace safety
2232:public utilities
1419:sewage treatment
1415:waste management
1190:public companies
1176:offshore company
1061:business failure
1003:government-owned
909:
902:
895:
863:Registered agent
808:Drag-along right
748:
733:
723:
713:
703:
693:
683:
673:
663:
653:
622:
605:
585:
529:
520:
512:
504:
496:
485:
475:
467:
457:
453:Societas privata
447:
437:
418:
417:
237:
214:
213:
186:sole proprietors
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
4118:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4034:
4030:
4020:
4018:
4005:
4004:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3910:
3903:
3895:
3888:
3882:
3878:
3869:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3844:
3842:
3799:
3792:
3776:10.1002/smj.249
3755:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3715:Wayback Machine
3706:
3702:
3693:
3691:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3622:
3618:
3609:
3607:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3577:
3575:
3560:
3556:
3550:Wayback Machine
3537:
3533:
3520:
3516:
3507:
3505:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3483:
3481:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3418:
3414:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3228:
3224:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3192:
3178:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3122:
3118:
3109:
3107:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3077:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3002:
2998:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2959:
2939:
2935:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2870:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2637:Human resources
2526:Business school
2494:Business ethics
2489:Business broker
2484:Business acumen
2452:
2442:Business portal
2440:
2433:
2430:
2406:labor contracts
2389:
2383:
2350:
2344:
2252:
2171:
2165:
2155:in the US, and
2134:double taxation
2123:sole proprietor
2046:
2036:
2024:
2003:
1995:human resources
1947:
1940:
1934:
1926:
1920:
1903:
1897:
1888:
1882:
1851:
1845:
1798:
1792:
1772:
1729:John R. Commons
1707:
1705:Human resources
1701:
1699:Human resources
1693:dividend policy
1658:
1648:
1638:
1629:
1623:
1579:
1573:
1568:
1519:medical devices
1505:. They include
1459:talent agencies
1441:. They include
1403:public services
1367:stock exchanges
1311:brokerage firms
1229:
1223:
1221:Classifications
1150:Bank of England
941:operating costs
913:
868:
867:
848:Civil procedure
838:
830:
829:
803:Tag-along right
770:
762:
761:
746:
731:
721:
711:
701:
691:
681:
671:
661:
651:
620:statutory trust
614:
603:
583:
527:
524:
518:
510:
502:
494:
483:
473:
465:
455:
445:
435:
415:
413:by jurisdiction
412:
411:Corporate forms
403:
402:
383:Private limited
351:Holding company
326:
318:
317:
299:
245:
244:By jurisdiction
212:
206:
164:taxation system
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4116:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4073:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:External links
4048:
4045:
4044:
4028:
3995:
3965:
3935:
3901:
3898:on 2013-10-19.
3876:
3851:
3813:(2): 725–751.
3790:
3769:(8): 707–725.
3749:
3719:
3700:
3676:
3650:
3641:
3632:
3616:
3584:
3562:Kenton, Will.
3554:
3531:
3514:
3490:
3466:
3439:
3412:
3385:
3370:
3336:
3306:
3278:
3263:
3237:
3222:
3201:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3116:
3086:
3055:
3031:
2996:
2972:
2957:
2951:. p. 68.
2933:
2906:
2883:
2868:
2849:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2785:Small business
2782:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2541:Businessperson
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2506:Business hours
2503:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2453:
2448:Main article:
2446:
2445:
2429:
2426:
2424:and policies.
2385:Main article:
2382:
2379:
2346:Main article:
2343:
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2311:(the US), the
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2019:
2016:
2012:
2008:
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1431:Entertainment
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1239:, as well as
1238:
1234:
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1218:
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1210:
1207:
1206:Listing Rules
1203:
1199:
1195:
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1183:
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1162:
1154:
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1148:example, the
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1109:
1106:
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1091:share capital
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1062:
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1055:
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1024:
1023:publicly held
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965:real property
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837:Related areas
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611:
610:S corporation
608:
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577:C corporation
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564:United States
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227:Corporate law
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198:corporate tax
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133:
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101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4060:
4037:
4031:
4019:. Retrieved
4010:
3986:. Retrieved
3978:www.wipo.int
3977:
3968:
3956:. Retrieved
3947:
3938:
3926:. Retrieved
3918:Investopedia
3917:
3893:the original
3879:
3868:. Retrieved
3854:
3843:. Retrieved
3810:
3806:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3740:. Retrieved
3731:
3722:
3717:. People.com
3703:
3692:. Retrieved
3689:business.com
3688:
3679:
3667:. Retrieved
3653:
3644:
3635:
3619:
3608:. Retrieved
3599:
3576:. Retrieved
3568:Investopedia
3567:
3557:
3534:
3526:
3517:
3506:. Retrieved
3502:
3493:
3482:. Retrieved
3478:
3469:
3458:. Retrieved
3455:Investopedia
3454:
3430:. Retrieved
3415:
3403:
3400:the original
3394:
3388:
3379:
3373:
3350:
3339:
3327:. Retrieved
3318:
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3287:
3281:
3272:
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3250:the original
3240:
3231:
3225:
3216:
3193:. Retrieved
3185:Investopedia
3184:
3175:
3166:
3157:
3132:
3128:
3119:
3108:. Retrieved
3099:
3089:
3078:. Retrieved
3067:
3058:
3047:. Retrieved
3043:
3034:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2988:. Retrieved
2984:
2975:
2943:
2936:
2924:
2921:the original
2915:
2909:
2901:
2898:the original
2892:
2886:
2858:
2852:
2840:
2837:the original
2831:
2825:
2571:Cost overrun
2479:Big business
2390:
2381:Trade unions
2351:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2290:
2284:or IPO on a
2279:
2268:
2236:broadcasting
2229:
2225:
2214:
2205:
2187:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2110:shareholders
2106:
2092:regulations.
2077:stock market
2066:
2055:
2025:
2004:
1991:
1965:management,
1948:
1927:
1904:
1889:
1871:
1858:
1852:
1799:
1773:
1765:
1746:
1732:
1726:
1715:
1680:
1659:
1630:
1595:Luca Pacioli
1587:corporations
1580:
1559:distributors
1539:, including
1463:mobile media
1443:film studios
1355:mutual funds
1319:credit cards
1211:
1187:
1184:
1168:shareholders
1165:
1158:
1136:
1130:
1029:listed on a
1011:shareholders
991:Corporations
921:jurisdiction
918:
822:
785:
743:
728:
718:
708:
698:
689:Aksjeselskap
688:
679:Aktieselskab
678:
668:
658:
647:
534:by guarantee
462:
452:
442:
431:
336:Conglomerate
280:South Africa
190:partnerships
183:
168:
161:
141:
140:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
3669:October 15,
3329:31 December
3299:25 December
3256:31 December
3217:MasterClass
2843:commodities
2763:Real estate
2627:Franchising
2469:Advertising
2387:Trade union
2182:Los Angeles
2157:unit trusts
2101:opportunism
2097:contractual
2056:Most legal
1863:advertising
1805:merchandise
1751:, HRM, and
1737:departments
1673:liabilities
1665:investments
1615:accountants
1555:wholesalers
1533:Real estate
1489:Industrial
1411:electricity
1363:hedge funds
1359:index funds
1271:natural gas
1233:Agriculture
1038:cooperative
972:partnership
824:Ultra vires
544:proprietary
361:Partnership
356:Joint-stock
346:Corporation
341:Cooperative
179:cooperative
175:corporation
119:August 2017
4082:Categories
4021:21 January
3988:21 January
3958:21 January
3928:21 January
3870:2013-10-18
3845:2020-09-05
3694:2022-11-26
3610:2020-06-12
3578:2020-06-12
3508:2022-11-29
3484:2022-11-29
3479:TheBalance
3460:2022-11-29
3367:required.)
3346:"Commerce"
3195:2018-07-06
3110:2016-11-25
3080:2021-05-13
3049:2024-01-30
3012:(2): 460.
2990:2024-01-30
2817:References
2679:Investment
2647:Innovation
2576:E-commerce
2546:Capitalism
2457:Accounting
2414:employment
2366:trademarks
2362:copyrights
2315:(UK), the
2277:for sale.
2275:securities
2038:See also:
1955:management
1938:Management
1932:Management
1829:industrial
1821:handicraft
1718:recruiting
1650:See also:
1611:regulators
1607:management
1577:Accounting
1571:Accounting
1566:Activities
1537:properties
1467:newspapers
1457:agencies,
1435:mass media
1423:government
1293:government
1249:vegetables
881:Law portal
729:Osakeyhtiö
648:Aktiebolag
597:Series LLC
173:such as a
89:newspapers
78:"Business"
3835:150017645
3827:1941-6520
3785:1097-0266
3149:154304180
3026:168091169
2878:954137383
2736:Marketing
2652:Insurance
2588:Economics
2333:labor law
1963:marketing
1907:insurance
1849:Marketing
1843:Marketing
1825:high tech
1742:employees
1681:long term
1603:creditors
1599:investors
1551:Retailers
1465:outlets,
1453:, online
1399:Utilities
1297:consumers
1267:petroleum
1237:livestock
1068:franchise
953:inventory
945:judgments
937:liability
933:employees
769:Doctrines
539:by shares
255:Australia
151:(such as
4088:Business
4061:Business
4015:Archived
3982:Archived
3952:Archived
3922:Archived
3864:Archived
3839:Archived
3736:Archived
3711:Archived
3663:Archived
3604:Archived
3572:Archived
3546:Archived
3426:Archived
3406:commerce
3323:Archived
3321:. 2013.
3293:Archived
3189:Archived
3104:Archived
3074:Archived
2967:70864526
2927:commerce
2556:Commerce
2428:See also
2374:treaties
2240:aviation
2198:shipping
2190:commerce
1813:machines
1722:training
1627:Commerce
1621:Commerce
1527:aircraft
1507:tangible
1495:products
1493:produce
1484:related.
1477:houses.
1405:such as
1401:produce
1391:deliver
1385:airlines
1381:railways
1333:such as
1283:minerals
961:fixtures
853:Contract
786:De facto
618: /
432:Societas
250:Anguilla
219:a series
157:services
149:products
142:Business
3742:7 March
3432:7 April
3219:. 2021.
2985:Default
2615:Finance
2561:Company
2358:patents
2271:capital
2250:Capital
2202:brokers
2180:in the
2178:Offices
2028:clients
1867:pricing
1661:Finance
1636:Finance
1591:Italian
1371:capital
1087:England
753:more...
371:Limited
366:General
331:Company
311:Germany
295:Vietnam
171:company
103:scholar
4058:about
3833:
3825:
3783:
3147:
3024:
2965:
2955:
2876:
2866:
2758:Profit
2309:NASDAQ
2221:unions
2206:corpus
2007:assets
1985:, and
1901:Safety
1895:Safety
1809:labour
1720:, and
1669:assets
1609:, and
1557:, and
1503:profit
1481:Sports
1387:, and
1279:metals
1259:Mining
1255:, etc.
1253:fruits
1241:lumber
1127:apply.
1073:retail
1027:shares
983:, and
949:assets
747:(SARL)
722:(N.V.)
712:(K.K.)
702:(GmbH)
650:
639:Others
604:(LLLP)
549:public
528:(Ltd.)
503:(SCIO)
474:(EEIG)
434:
306:France
265:Canada
105:
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4042:ch. I
3896:(PDF)
3889:(PDF)
3831:S2CID
3420:CFI.
3361:
3145:S2CID
3135:: 3.
3022:S2CID
2805:Trade
2748:Money
2418:wages
2149:LLC's
2011:China
1924:Sales
1918:Sales
1817:tools
1545:homes
1525:, or
1523:glass
1515:buses
1407:water
1393:goods
1327:asset
1307:banks
1295:, to
682:(A/S)
672:(ANS)
584:(LLC)
519:(IPS)
511:(CIC)
495:(CIO)
466:(SUP)
456:(SPE)
446:(SCE)
275:India
204:Forms
153:goods
110:JSTOR
96:books
4023:2021
3990:2021
3960:2021
3930:2021
3823:ISSN
3781:ISSN
3744:2020
3671:2018
3434:2020
3331:2013
3301:2013
3258:2013
2963:OCLC
2953:ISBN
2874:OCLC
2864:ISBN
2474:Bank
2307:and
2042:and
1811:and
1761:data
1671:and
1654:and
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1511:cars
1473:and
1471:book
1445:and
1329:and
1275:ores
1263:wood
1192:and
1107:or a
738:S.A.
732:(Oy)
692:(AS)
662:(AG)
652:(AB)
436:(SE)
188:and
155:and
82:news
3815:doi
3771:doi
3625:doi
3137:doi
3014:doi
2800:Tax
2261:in
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