168:
888:, distinguished between the outputs of what he termed "productive" and "unproductive" labor. The former, he stated, produced goods that could be stored after production and subsequently exchanged for money or other items of value. The latter, however useful or necessary, created services that perished at the time of production and therefore did not contribute to wealth. Building on this theme, French economist Jean-Baptiste Say argued that production and consumption were inseparable in services, coining the term "immaterial products" to describe them.
243:
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typically modified for each service-consumer or for each service-context. Example: The taxi service which transports the service consumer from home to work is different from the taxi service which transports the same service consumer from work to home – another point in time, the other direction, possibly another route, probably another taxi-driver and cab. Another and more common
541:. Both inputs and outputs to the processes involved providing services are highly variable, as are the relationships between these processes, making it difficult to maintain consistent service quality. Many services involve variable human activity, rather than a precisely determined process; exceptions include
835:
In some service industries, especially health care, dispute resolution and social services, a popular concept is the idea of the caseload, which refers to the total number of patients, clients, litigants, or claimants for which a given employee is responsible. Employees must balance the needs of each
437:
Service-relevant resources, processes, and systems are assigned for service delivery during a specific period in time. If the service consumer does not request and consume the service during this period, the related resources may go unused. From the perspective of the service provider, this is a lost
445:
The service provider must deliver the service at the exact time of service consumption. The service is not manifested in a physical object that is independent of the provider. The service consumer is also inseparable from service delivery. Examples: The service consumer must sit in the hairdresser's
854:
Lovelock used the number of delivery sites (whether single or multiple) and the method of delivery to classify services in a 2 x 3 matrix. Then implications are that the convenience of receiving the service is the lowest when the customer has to come to the service and must use a single or specific
454:
Each service is unique. It can never be exactly repeated as the time, location, circumstances, conditions, current configurations and/or assigned resources are different for the next delivery, even if the same service is requested by the consumer. Many services are regarded as heterogeneous and are
871:
The distinction between a good and a service remains disputed. The perspective in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries focused on creation and possession of wealth. Classical economists contended that goods were objects of value over which ownership rights could be established and
660:
Service consumer support times – the moments when the support team ("service desk") is available. The service desk is the Single Point of
Contact (SPoC) for service inquiries. At those times, the service desk can be reached via commonly available communication methods (phone, web,
907:), but also provides services in the form of ambience, the setting and clearing of the table, etc. And although some utilities actually deliver physical goods — like water utilities that deliver water — utilities are usually treated as services.
639:
Service consumer benefits – (set of) benefits that are triggerable, consumable and effectively utilizable for any authorized service consumer and that are rendered upon request. These benefits must be described in terms that are meaningful to
681:
Service delivery price – the amount of money the customer pays to receive a service. Typically, the price includes a service access price that qualifies the consumer to request the service and a service consumption price for each delivered
1721:, Kah Hin Chai, "Research Themes, Concepts and Relationships: A study of International Journal of Service Industry Management (1990 to 2005)", International Journal of Service Industry Management, (2008) Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 83–110.
650:
Service delivery point – the physical location and/or logical interface where the benefits of the service are rendered to the consumer. At this point the service delivery preparation can be assessed and delivery can be monitored and
667:
Service fulfillment target – the provider's promise to deliver the service, expressed as the ratio of the count of successful service deliveries to the count of service requests by a single consumer or consumer group over some time
788:
The service encounter is defined as all activities involved in the service delivery process. Some service managers use the term "moment of truth" to indicate that point in a service encounter where interactions are most intense.
872:
exchanged. Ownership implied tangible possession of an object that had been acquired through purchase, barter or gift from the producer or previous owner and was legally identifiable as the property of the current owner.
270:. Examples include work done by barbers, doctors, lawyers, mechanics, banks, insurance companies, and so on. Public services are those that society (nation state, fiscal union or region) as a whole pays for. Using
677:
Service delivery unit – the scope/number of action(s) that constitute a delivered service. Serves as the reference object for the
Service Delivering Price, for all service costs as well as for charging and
274:, skill, ingenuity, and experience, service provider's benefit service consumers. Services may be defined as intangible acts or performances whereby the service provider provides value to the customer.
864:
438:
business opportunity if no other use for those resources is available. Examples: A hairdresser serves another client. An empty seat on an airplane cannot be filled after departure.
671:
Service impairment duration – the maximum allowable interval between the first occurrence of a service impairment and the full resumption and completion of the service delivery.
441:
When the service has been completely rendered to the consumer, this particular service irreversibly vanishes. Example: a passenger has been transported to the destination.
657:
Service delivery readiness time – the moments when the service is available and all the specified service elements are available at the delivery point
643:
Service-specific functional parameters – parameters that are essential to the respective service and that describe the important dimension(s) of the
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chair, or in the airplane seat. Correspondingly, the hairdresser or the pilot must be in the shop or plane, respectively, to deliver the service.
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Moderating
Effects of Service Characteristics on the Sources of Competitive Advantage – Positional Advantage Relationship
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Any service can be clearly and completely, consistently and concisely specified by means of standard attributes that conform to the
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Mass generation and delivery of services must be mastered for a service provider to expand. This can be seen as a problem of
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Service delivery duration – the maximum allowable period for effectively rendering all service benefits to the consumer.
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can be regarded as service industries to the extent they provide an intangible service, as opposed to a tangible good.
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The following is a list of service industries, grouped into sectors. Parenthetical notations indicate how specific
116:
891:
In the modern day, Gustofsson & Johnson describe a continuum with pure service on one terminal point and pure
1588:
Anders
Gustofsson and Michael D. Johnson, Competing in a Service Economy (San Francisco: Josey-Bass, 2003), p.7.
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Equipment used to provide the service (e.g. vehicles, cash registers, technical systems, computer systems)
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Petit, Pascal (1991). "Services". In
Eatwell, John; Newman, Peter K.; Milgate, Murray (eds.).
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545:. The human factor is often the key success factor in service provision. Demand can vary by
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Services are by definition intangible. They are not manufactured, transported or stocked.
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individual case against the needs of all other current cases as well as their own needs.
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One cannot store services for future use. They are produced and consumed simultaneously.
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Service consumer count – the number of consumers that are enabled to consume a service.
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outlet. Convenience increases (to a point) as the number of service points increase.
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administrators (providing services like ensuring that employees are paid accurately)
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view service provision as a performance or act (sometimes humorously referred to as
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Service
Management – Operations, Strategy, Information Technology
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2004:
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Service consumer support language – the language(s) spoken by the service desk.
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Delivering
Quality Service: Balancing Customer Perceptions and Expectations
1467:
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1221:
1162:(institutions offering the services of teaching and access to information)
1080:
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557:, etc. Consistency is necessary to create enduring business relationships.
242:
1106:(who perform the service of dispute resolution backed by the power of the
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Service
Economics: Profitable Growth with a Brand Driven Service Strategy
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1154:(not really a service unless someone is negotiating on behalf of another)
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1148:(performs the service of protecting states in disputes with other states)
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1052:
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and decisionmaking in many dispute resolution and prevention processes)
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271:
255:
1725:
Downton, Steve; Rustema, Hilbrand; van Veen, Jan (1 August 2010).
1250:(offering lending services and safekeeping of money and valuables)
816:
followed by those involved, including the client(s). Some service
246:
A restaurant waiter is an example of a service-related occupation.
2220:
2119:
2031:
1765:
1605:
Zeithaml, Valarie A.; Parasuraman, A.; Berry, Leonard L. (1990).
1226:
1165:
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1029:
267:
259:
1127:(provides the service of identifying and apprehending criminals)
993:
Business functions (that apply to all organizations in general)
2406:
2195:
1754:
1175:
1170:
1130:
808:
and the objects that facilitate the service process are called
546:
804:). The location of the service delivery is referred to as the
2080:
1962:
1942:
1206:
1185:(when provided live or within a highly specialized facility)
1099:
1083:(who prepare corpses for public display, cremation or burial)
825:
817:
2432:
843:, if a service provider is induced to deliver services to a
775:
Physical facilities (e.g. buildings, parking, waiting rooms)
2237:
1243:
1197:
904:
885:
829:
550:
1121:(provides the service of keeping criminals out of society)
765:
The delivery of a service typically involves six factors:
1680:
Service
Operations Management: Improving Service Delivery
1625:
Valerie
Zeithaml, A. Parasumaran, Leonhard Berry (1990):
1103:
1643:
John Swearingen: Operations Management –
1604:
695:
Coffee house – a type of service delivery
1565:
The Routledge Companion to Financial Services Marketing
1450:
1724:
1660:
An Investigation Into Four Characteristics of Services
1055:(offering the service of making wiring work properly)
1562:
Harrison, Tina; Estelami, Hooman (5 December 2014).
858:
847:
client by a deception, this is an offence under the
1657:Russell Wolak, Stavros Kalafatis, Patricia Harris:
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3532:
1561:
899:fall between these two extremes. For example, a
781:Other customers at the service delivery location
635:(Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive).
1284:(all health care professions provide services)
2448:
1781:
1676:
1524:Economics. Principles, Problems and Policies
1521:McConnell, Campbell R.; et al. (2009).
1704:. Vol. 4. Macmillan. pp. 314–15.
1701:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
1649:James A. Fitzsimmons, Mona J. Fitzsimmons:
1457:List of countries by GDP sector composition
949:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
733:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
599:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
505:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
401:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
324:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2455:
2441:
1788:
1774:
828:follows a script that harmonizes with the
1668:, Brendan Gray, Tony Garrett, Ken Deans:
1520:
969:Learn how and when to remove this message
753:Learn how and when to remove this message
619:Learn how and when to remove this message
525:Learn how and when to remove this message
421:Learn how and when to remove this message
344:Learn how and when to remove this message
282:Services have three key characteristics:
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
1677:Johnston, Robert; Clark, Graham (2008).
1530:(18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
1077:and determining time and cause of death)
1073:(who provide the service of identifying
862:
690:
433:Services are perishable in two regards:
241:
175:This article includes a list of general
1731:. Novetum Service Management, Limited.
769:Service provider (workers and managers)
3533:
820:are tightly scripted, others are more
277:
2436:
1769:
1697:
1557:
1555:
1451:List of countries by tertiary output
1196:(providing the service of showing a
947:adding citations to reliable sources
914:
731:adding citations to reliable sources
698:
597:adding citations to reliable sources
564:
503:adding citations to reliable sources
470:
399:adding citations to reliable sources
366:
322:adding citations to reliable sources
289:
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
824:. Role congruence occurs when each
13:
2344:Microfoundations of macroeconomics
1795:
1594:
466:
181:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3557:
1747:
1683:. Financial Times/Prentice Hall.
1552:
867:Service-Commodity Goods continuum
859:Service-commodity goods continuum
34:This article has multiple issues.
16:Activity for which payment is due
2978:neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis
2417:
2416:
2405:
1753:
919:
910:
703:
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560:
475:
371:
362:
294:
285:
166:
64:
23:
1032:(who provide cleaning services)
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1582:
1514:
903:provides a physical good (the
449:
1:
2914:Critique of political economy
2462:
1638:Product and Services Strategy
1508:
1133:(who perform the services of
254:is an act or use for which a
1545:(PDF contains full textbook)
832:played by the other actors.
812:. A script is a sequence of
7:
2289:Civil engineering economics
2274:Statistical decision theory
1914:Income elasticity of demand
1645:Characteristics of services
1461:
1203:Performing arts productions
686:
10:
3562:
3052:Real business-cycle theory
1924:Price elasticity of supply
1919:Price elasticity of demand
1909:Cross elasticity of demand
1454:
800:, perhaps in reference to
3492:
3450:
3092:
2826:
2575:
2540:
2470:
2400:
2367:
2246:
1803:
1980:Income–consumption curve
1503:Universal basic services
1488:List of economics topics
1091:and prevention services
99:"Service" economics
2692:Industrial organization
2522:Computational economics
2314:Industrial organization
196:more precise citations.
2897:Modern monetary theory
2562:Experimental economics
2532:Pluralism in economics
2517:Mathematical economics
1611:. Simon and Schuster.
1019:repair and maintenance
868:
696:
247:
2284:Engineering economics
1879:Cost–benefit analysis
881:The Wealth of Nations
866:
694:
245:
3546:Services (economics)
2771:Social choice theory
2527:Behavioral economics
2101:Price discrimination
1995:Intertemporal choice
1762:at Wikimedia Commons
1760:Services (economics)
1549:, Glossary, p. G-25.
1293:Information services
1288:Hospitality industry
943:improve this section
727:improve this section
593:improve this section
499:improve this section
395:improve this section
318:improve this section
84:improve this article
2855:American (National)
2555:Economic statistics
2412:Business portal
2349:Operations research
2176:Substitution effect
1493:Product (economics)
895:on the other. Most
278:Key characteristics
1990:Indifference curve
1958:Goods and services
1899:Economies of scope
1894:Economies of scale
1547:on 6 October 2016.
1498:Services marketing
1394:Telecommunications
1248:building societies
1234:Financial services
1089:Dispute resolution
869:
794:business theorists
697:
248:
3541:Goods (economics)
3528:
3527:
3059:New institutional
2430:
2429:
2392:Political economy
2191:Supply and demand
2071:Pareto efficiency
1758:Media related to
1738:978-9963-9838-0-3
1711:978-0-333-37235-7
1690:978-1-4058-4732-2
1618:978-0-02-935701-9
1537:978-0-07-337569-4
1353:Body hair removal
1348:Personal grooming
979:
978:
971:
763:
762:
755:
629:
628:
621:
535:
534:
527:
431:
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353:
346:
240:
239:
232:
222:
221:
214:
160:
159:
152:
134:
57:
3553:
2732:Natural resource
2567:Economic history
2505:Mechanism design
2457:
2450:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2420:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2152:Returns to scale
2010:Market structure
1790:
1783:
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1757:
1742:
1715:
1694:
1622:
1601:SO Player :
1589:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1540:. Archived from
1529:
1518:
1478:Good (economics)
1399:Waste management
1358:Dental hygienist
1336:Stock management
1259:Stock brokerages
1200:on a big screen)
1002:Customer service
974:
967:
963:
960:
954:
923:
915:
878:'s famous book,
784:Customer contact
778:Service consumer
758:
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192:this article by
183:inline citations
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27:
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19:
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3524:
3521:Business portal
3488:
3487:
3486:
3446:
3210:von Böhm-Bawerk
3098:
3097:
3088:
2860:Ancient thought
2838:
2837:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2571:
2536:
2500:Contract theory
2485:Decision theory
2466:
2461:
2431:
2426:
2404:
2396:
2363:
2242:
1884:Deadweight loss
1821:Consumer choice
1799:
1794:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1719:Alan Pilkington
1712:
1691:
1666:Sheelagh Matear
1635:Sharon Dobson:
1619:
1597:
1595:Further reading
1592:
1587:
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1483:Intangible good
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1428:Social services
1411:Risk management
1304:Data processing
1125:Law enforcement
1007:Human resources
975:
964:
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913:
884:, published in
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188:Please help to
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91:
81:
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
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2924:Disequilibrium
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2737:Organizational
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2387:Macroeconomics
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2159:
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2117:
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2098:
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2086:Price controls
2078:
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2056:
2051:
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2029:
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2007:
2005:Market failure
2002:
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1797:Microeconomics
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1379:Public utility
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893:commodity good
860:
857:
849:Theft Act 1978
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633:MECE principle
627:
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577:
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555:business cycle
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451:
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379:
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266:is willing to
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3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
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3118:
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3108:
3106:
3105:de Mandeville
3103:
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3096:
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3085:
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3077:
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3072:
3070:
3067:
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3057:
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3048:
3047:New classical
3045:
3041:
3038:
3037:
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3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Malthusianism
3001:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2975:
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2964:Institutional
2962:
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2779:
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2768:
2767:Public choice
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Participation
2740:
2738:
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2728:
2725:
2723:
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2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
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2702:Institutional
2700:
2698:
2695:
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2690:
2688:
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2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
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2652:Expeditionary
2650:
2648:
2645:
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2642:Environmental
2640:
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2635:
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2628:
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2610:
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2600:
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2319:Institutional
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2264:Computational
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2209:Law of supply
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:Law of demand
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:Social choice
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:Excess supply
2168:
2165:
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2160:
2158:
2157:Risk aversion
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2148:
2145:
2143:
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2133:
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2102:
2099:
2097:
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2091:Price ceiling
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2087:
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2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
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2062:
2060:
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2048:
2047:Complementary
2045:
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2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
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2012:
2011:
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1833:
1831:
1830:non-convexity
1827:
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1600:
1599:
1585:
1577:
1575:9781134095629
1571:
1568:. Routledge.
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1199:
1195:
1192:
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1187:
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1184:
1183:Entertainment
1181:
1177:
1174:
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1123:
1120:
1119:Incarceration
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1081:Funeral homes
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
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1045:
1044:
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1037:
1034:
1031:
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1023:
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1017:, patronage,
1016:
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1005:
1003:
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988:
987:organizations
984:
973:
970:
962:
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948:
944:
938:
937:
933:
928:This section
926:
922:
917:
916:
911:Service types
908:
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902:
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712:This section
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578:This section
576:
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567:
566:
561:Specification
558:
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518:
508:
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500:
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484:This section
482:
478:
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461:heterogeneity
458:
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440:
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385:
380:This section
378:
374:
369:
368:
363:Perishability
360:
357:
348:
345:
337:
327:
323:
319:
313:
312:
308:
303:This section
301:
297:
292:
291:
286:Intangibility
283:
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101: –
100:
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95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
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73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
3516:Publications
3472:Publications
3439:
3035:Neoclassical
3025:Mercantilism
2934:Evolutionary
2796:Sociological
2769: /
2667:Geographical
2647:Evolutionary
2622:Digitization
2587:Agricultural
2550:Econometrics
2490:Price theory
2354:Optimization
2339:Mathematical
2299:Experimental
2294:Evolutionary
2279:Econometrics
2137:Public goods
2111:Price system
2106:Price signal
2020:Monopolistic
1967:
1889:Distribution
1804:Major topics
1727:
1700:
1679:
1669:
1658:
1650:
1636:
1626:
1607:
1584:
1564:
1542:the original
1523:
1516:
1468:As a service
1443:Elderly care
1363:Hairdressing
1309:Interpreting
1264:Tax services
1222:Dry cleaning
1218:Fabric care
1053:Electricians
1043:Construction
980:
965:
956:
941:Please help
929:
890:
879:
874:
870:
853:
838:
834:
797:
791:
787:
764:
749:
740:
725:Please help
713:
645:servicescape
630:
615:
606:
591:Please help
579:
536:
521:
512:
497:Please help
485:
459:for this is
453:
444:
432:
417:
408:
393:Please help
381:
358:
355:
340:
331:
316:Please help
304:
281:
251:
249:
226:
208:
199:
180:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
3310:von Neumann
3079:Supply-side
3064:Physiocracy
3008:Marginalism
2697:Information
2637:Engineering
2617:Development
2612:Demographic
2495:Game theory
2472:Theoretical
2304:Game theory
2269:Development
2216:Uncertainty
2096:Price floor
2076:Preferences
2015:Competition
1985:Information
1948:Externality
1931:Equilibrium
1872:Transaction
1850:Opportunity
1811:Aggregation
1473:Deliverable
1433:Social work
1389:Natural gas
1331:Warehousing
1314:Translation
1282:Health care
1276:Foodservice
1254:Real estate
1239:Accountancy
1152:Negotiation
1095:Arbitration
983:occupations
841:English law
743:August 2022
651:controlled.
609:August 2022
450:Variability
202:August 2023
194:introducing
140:August 2023
3535:Categories
3467:Economists
3340:Schumacher
3245:Schumpeter
3215:von Wieser
3135:von ThĂĽnen
3095:Economists
2994:Circuitism
2959:Humanistic
2954:Historical
2929:Ecological
2919:Democratic
2892:Chartalism
2882:Behavioral
2845:Mainstream
2806:Statistics
2801:Solidarity
2722:Managerial
2687:Humanistic
2682:Historical
2627:Ecological
2592:Behavioral
2334:Managerial
2254:Behavioral
2127:Production
2064:Oligopsony
1904:Elasticity
1816:Budget set
1509:References
1372:pedicurist
1368:Manicurist
1212:Television
1066:Death care
997:Consulting
901:restaurant
876:Adam Smith
802:dramaturgy
798:dramalurgy
640:consumers.
264:government
177:references
110:newspapers
39:improve it
3385:Greenspan
3350:Samuelson
3330:Galbraith
3300:Tinbergen
3240:von Mises
3235:Heckscher
3195:Edgeworth
3074:Stockholm
3069:Socialist
2969:Keynesian
2949:Happiness
2909:Classical
2870:Mutualism
2865:Anarchist
2850:Heterodox
2747:Personnel
2707:Knowledge
2672:Happiness
2662:Financial
2632:Education
2607:Democracy
2542:Empirical
2464:Economics
2375:Economics
2247:Subfields
2142:Rationing
2059:Oligopoly
2054:Monopsony
2042:Bilateral
1975:Household
1826:Convexity
1438:Childcare
1416:Insurance
1341:Packaging
1326:Transport
1321:Logistics
1269:Valuation
1160:Education
1141:Mediation
1114:Diplomacy
1048:Carpentry
1036:Mechanics
1025:Gardeners
1021:services
959:June 2023
930:does not
845:dishonest
814:behaviors
714:does not
580:does not
543:utilities
515:June 2023
486:does not
411:June 2023
382:does not
334:June 2023
305:does not
272:resources
45:talk page
3496:Category
3476:journals
3462:Glossary
3415:Stiglitz
3380:Rothbard
3360:Buchanan
3345:Friedman
3335:Koopmans
3325:Leontief
3305:Robinson
3190:Marshall
3040:Lausanne
2944:Georgism
2939:Feminist
2887:Buddhist
2877:Austrian
2776:Regional
2752:Planning
2727:Monetary
2657:Feminist
2602:Cultural
2597:Business
2422:Category
2368:See also
2259:Business
2231:Marginal
2226:Expected
2167:Shortage
2162:Scarcity
2037:Monopoly
1943:Exchange
1855:Implicit
1845:Marginal
1628:SERVQUAL
1462:See also
1421:Security
1300:services
1298:Database
1278:industry
1189:Gambling
1146:Military
1135:advocacy
1075:cadavers
1071:Coroners
1059:Plumbing
1030:Janitors
1015:Cleaning
897:products
687:Delivery
682:service.
678:billing.
553:of day,
256:consumer
3511:Outline
3482:Schools
3474: (
3435:Piketty
3430:Krugman
3295:Kuznets
3285:Kalecki
3260:Polanyi
3150:Cournot
3145:Bastiat
3130:Ricardo
3120:Malthus
3110:Quesnay
3013:Marxian
2904:Chicago
2834:history
2829:Schools
2816:Welfare
2786:Service
2577:Applied
2380:Applied
2359:Welfare
2221:Utility
2181:Surplus
2120:Pricing
2032:Duopoly
2025:Perfect
1968:Service
1936:General
1840:Average
1227:Laundry
1166:Library
1131:Lawyers
951:removed
936:sources
735:removed
720:sources
668:period.
601:removed
586:sources
507:removed
492:sources
403:removed
388:sources
326:removed
311:sources
260:company
252:service
190:improve
124:scholar
3420:Thaler
3400:Ostrom
3395:Becker
3390:Sowell
3370:Baumol
3275:Myrdal
3270:Sraffa
3265:Frisch
3255:Knight
3250:Keynes
3225:Fisher
3220:Veblen
3205:Pareto
3185:Menger
3180:George
3175:Jevons
3170:Walras
3160:Gossen
3084:Thermo
2762:Public
2757:Policy
2712:Labour
2677:Health
2205:Supply
2196:Demand
2132:Profit
2000:Market
1862:Social
1735:
1708:
1687:
1615:
1572:
1534:
1176:School
1171:Museum
1100:Courts
839:Under
822:ad lib
818:dramas
547:season
179:, but
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
3506:Lists
3501:Index
3452:Lists
3425:Hoppe
3410:Lucas
3375:Solow
3365:Arrow
3355:Simon
3320:Lange
3315:Hicks
3290:Röpke
3280:Hayek
3230:Pigou
3200:Clark
3115:Smith
3030:Mixed
2989:Post-
2811:Urban
2791:Socio
2781:Rural
2324:Labor
2309:Green
2081:Price
1963:Goods
1953:Firms
1528:(PDF)
1244:Banks
1207:Sport
1198:movie
1108:state
830:roles
826:actor
810:props
806:stage
792:Many
661:etc.)
262:, or
131:JSTOR
117:books
3441:more
3165:Marx
3155:Mill
3140:List
3018:Neo-
2974:Neo-
2238:Wage
2147:Rent
2115:Free
1867:Sunk
1835:Cost
1828:and
1733:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1685:ISBN
1613:ISBN
1570:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1246:and
985:and
934:any
932:cite
905:food
886:1776
718:any
716:cite
584:any
582:cite
551:time
490:any
488:cite
457:term
386:any
384:cite
309:any
307:cite
103:news
3405:Sen
3125:Say
2984:New
2717:Law
2329:Law
1104:law
1102:of
945:by
729:by
595:by
501:by
397:by
320:by
268:pay
86:by
3537::
1554:^
1370:/
851:.
549:,
463:.
258:,
250:A
48:.
3478:)
2980:)
2976:(
2836:)
2832:(
2456:e
2449:t
2442:v
2207:/
2198:/
2169:/
2113:/
1789:e
1782:t
1775:v
1741:.
1714:.
1693:.
1621:.
1578:.
1110:)
972:)
966:(
961:)
957:(
953:.
939:.
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750:(
745:)
741:(
737:.
723:.
622:)
616:(
611:)
607:(
603:.
589:.
528:)
522:(
517:)
513:(
509:.
495:.
424:)
418:(
413:)
409:(
405:.
391:.
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341:(
336:)
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314:.
233:)
227:(
215:)
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204:)
200:(
186:.
153:)
147:(
142:)
138:(
128:·
121:·
114:·
107:·
80:.
55:)
51:(
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