56:
351:
appeared to her as if in a dream, and took her to a holy realm where the sutra was revealed to her in order to save her from disaster. After reading the sutra three times, she was able to memorize it and recall it perfectly upon awakening and writing it down. The sutra conveys conventional
Mahayana
323:
and Lady Xie (謝氏), second daughter of Xie
Zaixing (謝再興). She had four brothers—Xu Huizu (徐輝祖), Xu Tianfu (徐添福), Xu Yingxu (徐膺緒), and Xu Zengshou (徐增壽)—and two younger sisters, who were the wives of Zhu Gui, Prince Jian of Dai (thirteenth son of the
345:
Da Ming Ren xiao Huang hou meng kan Fo Shuo di yi xi yu da gong de jing (The sutra of great merit of the foremost rarity spoken by the Buddha which the
Renxiao empress of the great Ming received in a dream)
55:
1643:
98:
1623:
1710:
1256:
63:
1735:
1659:
1715:
1631:
1627:
1441:
1177:
Ellen Soullière, "Palace Women in the Ming dynasty: 1368-1644" (Doctoral dissertation, Princeton
University, 1987) 19, 22-24.
1755:
1745:
1740:
1619:
1489:
1265:
1705:
1700:
1494:
1615:
343:, Xu is the first person credited with transcribing a Buddhist sutra from a dream revelation. The work is entitled
328:) and Zhu Ying, Prince Hui of An (twenty-second son of the Hongwu Emperor). On 17 February 1376, she married the
1730:
1725:
1559:
311:. She was well educated, compiling bibliographies of virtuous women, an activity connected with court politics.
1655:
1607:
428:
1750:
1720:
421:
1406:
1249:
347:. In her introduction to the sutra, the empress wrote that one night after meditating and burning incense,
1383:
1348:
1599:
1569:
1471:
1216:
1200:
297:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1603:
1529:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1368:
1358:
1343:
1338:
1242:
1635:
1611:
1519:
1431:
1378:
1353:
1323:
1303:
91:
1226:
1695:
1690:
1564:
1554:
1293:
1209:
81:
8:
1587:
1288:
434:
128:
336:
on 17 July 1402, Consort Xu, as his primary wife, was created empress in
December 1402.
1333:
453:
Princess
Ancheng (安成公主; 1384 – 16 September 1443), the Yongle Emperor's third daughter
352:
philosophies, and the mantras for chanting were typical of
Tibetan Buddhist practices.
28:
445:
Princess Yong'ping (永平公主; 1379 – 22 April 1444), the Yongle
Emperor's second daughter
188:
461:
Princess
Xianning (咸寧公主; 1385 – 27 July 1440), the Yongle Emperor's fourth daughter
437:(永安公主; 1377–1417), personal name Yuying (玉英), the Yongle Emperor's first daughter
233:
23:
1234:
1524:
1451:
411:
377:
362:
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329:
325:
301:
196:
181:
1684:
1579:
1481:
1393:
424:(漢王 朱高煦; 30 December 1380 – 6 October 1426), the Yongle Emperor's second son
1546:
1511:
1446:
1423:
1401:
1363:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1280:
431:(趙簡王 朱高燧; 19 January 1383 – 5 October 1431), the Yongle Emperor's third son
332:, the Hongwu Emperor's fourth son. After Zhu Di ascended the throne as the
308:
19:
1436:
1313:
1373:
414:(洪熙帝 朱高熾; 16 August 1378 – 29 May 1425), the Yongle Emperor's first son
206:
170:
417:
201:
340:
440:
Married Yuan Rong (袁容), and had issue (one son, three daughters)
348:
264:
158:
136:
132:
464:
Married Song Ying (宋瑛; d. 1449) in 1403, and had issue (one son)
296:(仁孝文皇后; 5 March 1362 – 6 August 1407), of the Xu clan, was the
680:
393:
Empress Rénxiào Cíyì Chéngmíng Zhuāngxiàn Pèitiān Qíshèng Wēn
320:
305:
277:
456:
Married Song Hu (宋琥) in 1402, and had issue (one son)
319:
Lady Xu was born in 1362, as the eldest daughter of
1264:
1682:
448:Married Li Rang (李讓), and had issue (one son)
1250:
44:
1257:
1243:
243:Cíyì Chéngmíng Zhuāngxiàn Pèitiān Qíshèng
124:Yuan Zhizheng 22, 9th day of the 2nd month
54:
371:Princess consort of Yan (燕王妃; from 1376)
153:Ming Yongle 5, 4th day of the 7th month
1683:
1115:
1022:
917:
913:
909:
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1040:
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1026:
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997:
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536:
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511:
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494:
383:Empress (皇后; from 17 July 1402)
64:Empress consort of the Ming dynasty
35:Empress consort of the Ming dynasty
13:
1711:15th-century Chinese women writers
1188:The Cambridge History of China v.8
14:
1767:
1221:December 1402 – July 1407
1186:Yü, Chun-fang. "Ming Buddhism"
368:Lady Xu (徐氏; from 5 March 1362)
1736:Consorts of the Yongle Emperor
1180:
1171:
897:Empress Renxiaowen (1362–1407)
1:
1644:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1266:Empresses of the Ming dynasty
1164:
376:During the reign of the
361:During the reign of the
1716:15th-century Chinese writers
407:As Princess consort of Yan:
395:(仁孝慈懿誠明庄獻配天齊聖文皇后; from 1424)
314:
73:17 July 1402 – 6 August 1407
7:
1756:Mothers of Chinese emperors
1746:15th-century Chinese people
1741:14th-century Chinese people
1520:Grand Empress Dowager Zhang
472:
10:
1772:
1706:15th-century Chinese women
1701:14th-century Chinese women
1530:Grand Empress Dowager Wang
1525:Grand Empress Dowager Zhou
1016:
915:
911:
800:
699:
691:
582:
488:
484:
278:Xu Da, Prince of Zhongshan
17:
1596:
1578:
1545:
1538:
1510:
1503:
1480:
1422:
1415:
1392:
1279:
1272:
1223:
1214:
1206:
1199:
1096:
1078:
1070:
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1028:
1024:
991:
973:
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941:
923:
919:
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862:
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707:
703:
663:
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612:
594:
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557:
538:
530:
505:
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355:
304:and the third empress of
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118:
114:
104:
97:
87:
77:
69:
62:
53:
45:
40:
1570:Empress Dowager Xiaochun
1217:Empress consort of China
401:
202:Zhu Gaoxu, Prince of Han
1505:Grand empresses dowager
99:Princess consort of Yan
1731:Ming dynasty empresses
1726:Ming dynasty Buddhists
380: (r. 1402–1424):
365: (r. 1368–1398):
1462:Empress Dowager Zhang
1432:Empress Dowager Zhang
1227:Empress Chengxiaozhao
330:Zhu Di, Prince of Yan
209:, Prince Jian of Zhao
169:Changling Mausoleum,
92:Empress Chengxiaozhao
1751:People from Fengyang
1721:Women encyclopedists
1565:Empress Xiaoyuanzhen
1560:Empress Dowager Wang
1555:Empress Xiaoyizhuang
1540:Posthumous empresses
1490:Empress Dowager Wang
1467:Empress Dowager Chen
1457:Empress Dowager Wang
1452:Empress Dowager Zhou
1447:Empress Dowager Qian
1588:Noble Consort Zheng
1437:Empress Dowager Sun
1210:Empress Xiaominrang
429:Prince Jian of Zhao
82:Empress Xiaominrang
1495:Empress Dowager Ma
1472:Empress Dowager Li
1442:Empress Dowager Wu
389:(仁孝文皇后; from 1407)
294:Empress Renxiaowen
215:Princess Yong'ping
41:Empress Renxiaowen
1678:
1677:
1417:Empresses dowager
1274:Empresses consort
1233:
1232:
1224:Succeeded by
1161:
1160:
683: (1332–1385)
291:
290:
259:
258:
221:Princess Xianning
1763:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1207:Preceded by
1197:
1196:
1191:
1184:
1178:
1175:
478:
477:
435:Princess Yong'an
410:Zhu Gaochi, the
230:
229:
218:Princess Ancheng
212:Princess Yong'an
157:Forbidden City,
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58:
49:
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47:
38:
37:
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1388:
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1263:
1229:
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1201:Chinese royalty
1195:
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1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1162:
475:
404:
387:Empress Renxiao
358:
317:
298:empress consort
241:Empress Rénxiào
234:Posthumous name
224:
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156:
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127:
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108:
43:
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12:
11:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
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1120:
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1111:
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459:
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451:
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443:
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432:
425:
415:
412:Hongxi Emperor
403:
400:
399:
398:
397:
396:
390:
384:
378:Yongle Emperor
374:
373:
372:
369:
363:Hongwu Emperor
357:
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334:Yongle Emperor
326:Hongwu Emperor
316:
313:
302:Yongle Emperor
289:
288:
285:
281:
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275:
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237:
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197:Hongxi Emperor
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185:
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182:Yongle Emperor
179:
175:
174:
168:
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161:
151:(aged 45)
145:
141:
140:
126:(元至正二十二年二月初九日)
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1595:
1589:
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1585:
1583:
1581:
1580:Southern Ming
1577:
1571:
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1509:
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1496:
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1482:Southern Ming
1479:
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1468:
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1408:
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1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1394:Southern Ming
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1379:Empress Zhang
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:Empress Zhang
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1344:Empress Zhang
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Empress Zhang
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1255:
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1125:
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1049:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
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994:
989:
988:
983:
982:
979:
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969:
968:
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962:
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951:
950:
945:
944:
939:
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907:
906:
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902:
894:
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890:
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878:
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868:
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844:
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839:
834:
833:
828:
827:
822:
821:
818:
817:
804:
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798:
797:
789:
788:
785:
784:
779:
778:
773:
772:
767:
766:
763:
762:
753:
752:
747:
746:
739:
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734:
729:
728:
723:
722:
717:
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695:
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689:
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682:
677:
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1632:N. Dynasties
1628:S. Dynasties
1407:Empress Wang
1402:Empress Zeng
1384:Empress Zhou
1369:Empress Chen
1364:Empress Fang
1354:Empress Chen
1339:Empress Wang
1329:Empress Hang
1324:Empress Wang
1319:Empress Qian
1309:Hu Shanxiang
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155:(明永樂五年七月初四日)
149:(1407-08-06)
122:5 March 1362
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20:Chinese name
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1696:1407 deaths
1691:1362 births
1624:16 Kingdoms
1349:Empress Xia
1314:Empress Sun
1008:Xie Zaixing
78:Predecessor
24:family name
1685:Categories
1616:3 Kingdoms
1374:Wang Xijie
1334:Empress Wu
1299:Empress Xu
1294:Empress Ma
1289:Empress Ma
1165:References
251:慈懿誠明庄獻配天齊聖
207:Zhu Gaosui
171:Ming tombs
629:Lady Zhou
418:Zhu Gaoxu
339:A devout
315:Biography
109:1376–1402
88:Successor
1113:Lady Xie
792:Lady Cai
574:Xu Liusi
473:Ancestry
341:Buddhist
139:, China)
129:Yingtian
18:In this
551:Lady He
522:Xu Siqi
499:Xu Wusi
349:Guanyin
306:China's
300:to the
159:Nanjing
137:Jiangsu
133:Nanjing
1656:W. Xia
1598:Xia →
356:Titles
284:Mother
274:Father
269:Xu (徐)
178:Spouse
165:Burial
105:Tenure
70:Tenure
29:Xu (徐)
22:, the
1600:Shang
681:Xu Da
402:Issue
321:Xu Da
189:Issue
46:仁孝文皇后
1672:Qing
1668:Ming
1664:Yuan
1652:Song
1648:Liao
1640:Tang
1604:Zhou
1547:Ming
1512:Ming
1424:Ming
1281:Ming
265:Clan
144:Died
119:Born
1660:Jīn
1636:Sui
1620:Jìn
1612:Han
1608:Qin
253:文皇后
245:Wēn
26:is
1687::
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249:仁孝
135:,
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