73:
515:
52:
551:
578:
533:
430:
before him) continued to use the pre-existing
Byzantine administration. How clear this duality was in practice is open to question. Nevertheless, modern historians note that—in contrast to the lionization of Dušan by modern Serbian historiography—Dušan's proclamation of empire was not well received
416:, which alone conferred full legitimacy to a Byzantine ruler. Notably, when the Byzantines came around to recognizing Dušan's imperial title, it was only for Serbia proper, much as they had done with the Bulgarian Tsar
1146:
In una crisobolla dello stesso mese
Stefano concedeva privilegi al monastero di Iveron sul monte Athos in qualità di βασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ Σερβίας καὶ Ῥωμανίας («imperatore e autocratore di Serbia e Romanía»)
420:
four centuries earlier. The contemporary
Byzantine writers also clearly distinguished between the ancestral Serbian lands, where Dušan's son Stefan Uroš ruled as king, and the conquered lands "in
1118:
Car, Book 3 of Car Dušan: istorijski roman iz XIV oga veka u tri knjige, Car Dušan: istorijski roman iz XIV oga veka u tri knjige. Vladan Đorđević, Edition reprint, Publisher K. Stilos, p. 135.
1109:
Car, Book 3 of Car Dušan: istorijski roman iz XIV oga veka u tri knjige, Car Dušan: istorijski roman iz XIV oga veka u tri knjige. Vladan Đorđević Edition reprint, Publisher K. Stilos, p. 122.
400:', the Byzantine Empire) and not the usual Byzantine formula "of the Romans" was probably deliberately chosen; although in his Law Code Dušan claimed the direct succession to all
1131:
Honos alit artes. Studi per il settantesimo compleanno di Mario
Ascheri. III. Il cammino delle idee dal medioevo all'antico regime: Diritto e cultura nell'esperienza europea
687:"Emperor of all Serb and Greek lands, the Maritime Region, Arbania and the Western Provinces (цар свију српских и грчких земаља, Поморја, Арбаније и Западних Страна).
305:
Following his conquest of Serres, which crowned his conquest of
Macedonia, in November or December 1345 Stefan Dušan proclaimed himself emperor (
17:
337:. According to imperial tradition, only one emperor could exist, the emperor of Roman Empire. Others may be only Caesars (the second in rank).
438:
On his early
Western-style coinage, issued between his proclamation as emperor and his coronation, Dušan continued to use the abbreviated
1611:
492:
into provinces ruled by magnates, holding various titles, except the imperial. In 1527, a renegade
Serbian commander in Hungary,
259:
1448:
1406:
1331:
1139:
248:
230:
72:
1636:
1563:
1492:
1427:
1381:
1308:
1549:
1626:
1631:
282:, and fuelled Dušan's imperial ambitions: already in early 1343, the Serbian ruler elevated his titles to "
1318:
Maksimovic, Ljubomir (2011). "Chapitre XVII. – La Serbie : pouvoir et administration sociale". In
485:
1621:
1294:
795:
1300:
The Late
Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
313:), laying claim on the Byzantine imperial inheritance. On 16 April 1346 he was crowned emperor at
1616:
1590:"Avtokrator i Samodržac: prilog za istoriju vladalačke titulature u Vizantiji i u južnih Slovena"
850:
823:
413:
330:
1370:
The Serbs and
Byzantium during the reign of Emperor Stephen Dušan (1331–1355) and his successors
197:
435:, or why his official biography, alone among the medieval Serbian rulers, was never completed.
1129:
877:
514:
405:
322:
713:
489:
417:
349:. In Serbian charters, ethnic terms are used – "Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks" (Serbian:
484:
with the death of heirless Stefan Uroš V in 1371, the imperial title became obsolete. The
8:
326:
1573:
1345:
481:
1585:
1478:
1466:
1398:
401:
263:
790:
1559:
1488:
1444:
1423:
1402:
1377:
1327:
1304:
1135:
318:
705:
472:
When Stefan Dušan died in 1355, his son Stefan Uroš V succeeded him. Uroš V's uncle
449:
841:
814:
681:
334:
179:
1502:
537:
222:
116:
51:
1589:
1553:
1482:
1438:
1417:
1392:
1341:
1298:
1007:
519:
464:("Emperor of the Romans"). After his coronation, the title of king was dropped.
255:
218:
106:
1373:
1319:
868:
725:
673:
432:
431:
in Serbia proper, as indicated by the fact that he was never sanctified by the
427:
409:
242:
214:
203:
555:
550:
473:
1605:
1440:
Nationalism and
Territory: Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe
721:
1523:
Maksimović, Ljubomir (1970). "Грци и Романија у српској владарској титули".
1324:
Le monde byzantin, Tome III: L'empire grec et ses voisins (XIIIe-XVe siècle)
717:
271:
252:
582:
477:
1416:
Darby, Henry Clifford; Clissold, Stephen (1968). Stephen Clissold (ed.).
493:
338:
289:
191:
174:
1514:
Dinić, Mihailo (1951). "Dušanova carska titula u očima savremenika".
1235:
421:
391:
379:
373:
367:
306:
287:
209:
57:
737:
591:
568:
397:
308:
226:
185:
1326:(in French). Presses Universitaires de France. pp. 323–342.
1127:
690:"Emperor of Greece and King of All Serb Lands and the Maritime" (
333:
and various other neighbors and trading partners, but not by the
295:
279:
208:
Emperor and Autocrat of the Serbs and Greeks, the Bulgarians and
153:
149:
1347:
Monumenta Serbica spectantia historiam Serbiae, Bosnae, Ragusii
733:
564:
476:
in Thessaly claimed the title in rivalry, continued by his son
314:
267:
167:
1016:
439:
385:
163:
1259:
1247:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1163:
1079:
1067:
1055:
730:
imperator Raxie et Romanie, dispotus Lartae et Blachie comes
266:
by 1345, with the exception of the great fortress cities of
1045:
1043:
283:
157:
577:
251:
by alternately supporting both sides of the conflict, the
225:(r. 1355–1371). Two other claimants of the title ruled in
1175:
644:"Emperor of Serbs and Greeks and the Western Provinces" (
27:
Royal title of the rulers of the Serbian Empire (1345–71)
1271:
1151:
1091:
1040:
778:), twice in 1357, 1362, 1365, and between 1356 and 1367.
532:
1516:
Zbornik u čast šeste stogodišnjice Zakonika cara Dušana
960:
658:"Emperor of Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians and Albanians". (
989:
987:
936:
1536:
Maksimović, Ljubomir (1998). "Српска царска титула".
1303:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
855:
828:
1555:
Vladarska ideologija Nemanjića: diplomatička studija
1505:(1958). "Srpska vladarska titula za vreme Carstva".
1028:
1419:
Short History of Yugoslavia from early time to 1966
984:
972:
948:
882:
692:царь грьчкїи и краль все срьбскїе земли и поморскїе
1548:
665:"Emperor of the Serbs", by the Athonite community.
1469:(1999). Ćirković S.; Mihaljčić R. (eds.). "Car".
1009:Vizantijski izvori za istoriju naroda Jugoslavije
1603:
1355:Soulis, George C. (1963). "Thessalian Vlachia".
1578:Законски споменици Српских држава средњега века
1121:
1005:
480:. With the extinction of the main line of the
1596:(CLXIV). Srpska kraljevska akademija: 95–187.
1415:
918:
697:"Emperor of Serbia and the Maritime Region" (
358:
351:
1128:Maffei, Paola; Varanini, Gian Maria (2014).
884:vasilèfs kaì aftokrátor Servías kaì Romanías
873:βασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ Σερβίας καὶ Ῥωμανίας
678:βασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ Σερβίας καὶ Ῥωμανίας
651:"Emperor of Serbs, Greeks and Bulgarians". (
387:βασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ Σερβίας καὶ Ῥωμανίας
1584:
999:
625:), in 1349 (Skopje), and in September 1349.
459:
453:
443:
341:addressed him as Emperor, though rather as
236:
1535:
1522:
1317:
1022:
660:„Царь Србљем, Грком, Блгаром и Арбанасом".
646:царь Срблемь и Гркωмь и Западнимь Странамь
1572:
1340:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1193:
1169:
1157:
1134:. Firenze University Press. p. 133.
1097:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
458:("Emperor of the Roman lands"), but also
1477:
1465:
1390:
906:
317:in an assembly attended by the elevated
1580:. Državna štamparija Kraljevine Srbije.
329:. His imperial title was recognised by
274:. This growth in power made Serbia the
14:
1604:
1507:Zbornik radova Vizantološkog instituta
1367:
1357:Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta
1354:
1181:
1034:
966:
954:
942:
732:) in 1348, after the Serb conquest of
1513:
1501:
1436:
930:
206:. This title was soon enlarged into "
1394:Conflict and chaos in Eastern Europe
1350:. Vienna: apud Guilelmum Braumüller.
1293:
993:
978:
668:"Emperor and Autocrat of Serbia and
542:20 December 1355–2/4 December 1371
148:Between 1345 and 1371, the Serbian
24:
1458:
25:
1648:
639:), on 20 December 1356, obituary.
524:16 April 1346 – 20 December 1355
173:Emperor of the Serbs, Greeks and
1612:Government of the Serbian Empire
1594:Glas Srpske Kraljevske Akademije
1487:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
775:
768:
761:
754:
698:
691:
659:
652:
645:
636:
629:
622:
615:
576:
549:
531:
513:
249:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
217:was ruled by only two monarchs;
160:). The full title was initially
71:
50:
1112:
1103:
653:„Царь Србљем, Грком и Блгаром".
452:"), and simply added the title
258:expanded his state southwards,
18:Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks
1471:Leksikon Srpskog Srednjeg Veka
924:
912:
900:
862:
835:
808:
750:"Emperor of Serbs and Greeks"
611:"Emperor of Serbs and Greeks"
352:
13:
1:
893:
1558:. Srpska književna zadruga.
1443:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1391:Hupchick, Dennis P. (1995).
1244:, pp. 160–163, 164–165.
422:
392:
380:
374:
368:
307:
288:
7:
883:
856:
829:
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347:Emperor of Serbs and Greeks
78:Coronation of Emperor Dušan
61:(Emperor's personal banner)
10:
1653:
1550:Marjanović-Dušanić, Smilja
1368:Soulis, George C. (1984).
1287:
496:, styled himself Emperor.
486:fall of the Serbian Empire
408:, he lacked possession of
386:
240:
1437:White, George W. (2000).
919:Darby & Clissold 1968
872:
845:
818:
701:), between 1347 and 1356.
694:), between 1347 and 1356.
677:
600:
396:" (i.e. the 'land of the
366:In Greek, the title was "
350:
138:
130:
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112:
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97:
93:
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66:
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1637:Old Serbian inscriptions
1518:. Belgrade: SAN: 87–118.
857:car Srba i Grka i Bugara
846:цар Срба и Грка и Бугара
801:
796:List of Serbian monarchs
680:), from a chrysobull to
247:Taking advantage of the
237:Establishment and titles
1006:Franjo Barišić (1986).
769:царь Срьблемь и Грькωмь
637:царь Срьблѥмь и Грькωмь
623:царь Срьблемь и Грькωмь
414:Ecumenical Patriarchate
294:of all the Serbian and
1627:14th century in Serbia
762:царь Срьблемь и Гркοмь
755:царь Срьблемь и Гркωмь
729:
630:царь Сербомь и Геркомь
616:царь Срьблѥмь и Гркωмь
460:
454:
444:
302:of the Greek Lands".
278:dominant state in the
776:царь Срблемь и Гркωмь
406:Constantine the Great
1632:Serbian royal titles
1473:. Belgrade: 789–792.
1295:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
699:царь србкχ и пморски
1586:Ostrogorsky, George
1268:, pp. 172–173.
1256:, pp. 169–171.
1232:, pp. 168–169.
1220:, pp. 155–156.
1208:, pp. 165–167.
1196:, pp. 158–159.
1184:, pp. 272–273.
1172:, pp. 154–155.
1088:, pp. 149–152.
1076:, pp. 146–148.
1064:, pp. 142–145.
1025:, pp. 333–336.
327:Archbishop of Ohrid
323:Bulgarian Patriarch
221:(r. 1346–1355) and
1399:Palgrave Macmillan
969:, pp. 26, 29.
402:Byzantine emperors
260:conquering Albania
103:First monarch
1574:Novaković, Stojan
1450:978-0-8476-9809-7
1408:978-0-312-12116-7
1333:978-2-13-052008-5
1141:978-88-6655-632-9
945:, pp. 10–26.
881:
854:
827:
771:), in 1357, 1360.
598:
597:
590:Rival Emperor in
563:Rival Emperor in
490:state fragmenting
426:where Dušan (and
404:from the time of
378:of Serbia and of
319:Serbian Patriarch
146:
145:
134:2/4 December 1371
113:Last monarch
82:The Slavonic Epic
16:(Redirected from
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1622:Serbian emperors
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1422:. CUP Archive.
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819:цар Срба и Грка
813:
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603:
581:
554:
536:
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470:
390:). The use of "
360:car Srba i Grka
353:цар Срба и Грка
321:, and also the
245:
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162:Emperor of the
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1503:Dinić, Mihailo
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1479:Ćirković, Sima
1475:
1467:Ćirković, Sima
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1374:Dumbarton Oaks
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1338:
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1315:
1309:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:, p. 174.
1278:Miklosich 1858
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1266:Miklosich 1858
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1254:Miklosich 1858
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1242:Miklosich 1858
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1230:Miklosich 1858
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1218:Miklosich 1858
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1206:Miklosich 1858
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1194:Miklosich 1858
1186:
1174:
1170:Miklosich 1858
1162:
1160:, p. 154.
1158:Miklosich 1858
1150:
1140:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1100:, p. 155.
1098:Miklosich 1858
1090:
1086:Miklosich 1858
1078:
1074:Miklosich 1858
1066:
1062:Miklosich 1858
1054:
1052:, p. 142.
1050:Miklosich 1858
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996:, p. 324.
983:
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433:Serbian Church
428:Stefan Milutin
410:Constantinople
296:Maritime Lands
243:Serbian Empire
241:Main article:
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231:Central Greece
215:Serbian Empire
195:of Serbia and
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1159:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1037:, p. 30.
1036:
1031:
1024:
1019:
1011:
1010:
1002:
995:
990:
988:
980:
975:
968:
963:
957:, p. 19.
956:
951:
944:
939:
933:, p. 246
932:
927:
920:
915:
909:, p. 141
908:
907:Hupchick 1995
903:
899:
885:
879:
870:
865:
858:
852:
843:
838:
831:
825:
816:
811:
807:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
773:
766:
759:
752:
751:
749:
748:
745:Stefan Uroš V
744:
743:
739:
736:("Arta") and
735:
731:
727:
723:
720:and Count of
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
689:
686:
683:
675:
671:
667:
664:
657:
650:
643:
634:
627:
620:
613:
612:
610:
609:
605:
604:
593:
589:
586:
584:
579:
575:
574:
570:
566:
562:
559:
557:
552:
548:
547:
544:
541:
539:
538:Stefan Uroš V
534:
530:
529:
526:
523:
521:
516:
512:
511:
507:
504:
501:
500:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
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451:
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436:
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411:
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382:
376:
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364:
361:
348:
344:
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336:
332:
328:
324:
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311:
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303:
301:
297:
292:
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285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
254:
250:
244:
234:
232:
228:
224:
223:Stefan Uroš V
220:
216:
212:
211:
205:
201:
200:
199:
194:
193:
188:
187:
181:
177:
176:
170:
169:
165:
159:
155:
151:
141:
137:
133:
129:
126:16 April 1346
125:
121:
118:
117:Stefan Uroš V
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
96:
92:
88:
83:
79:
74:
69:
65:
60:
59:
53:
48:
41:
33:
30:
19:
1593:
1577:
1554:
1541:
1537:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1483:
1470:
1439:
1418:
1393:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1323:
1299:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1145:
1130:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1030:
1018:
1008:
1001:
974:
962:
950:
938:
926:
921:, p. 98
914:
902:
864:
837:
810:
791:Dušan's Code
740:("Vlachia").
709:
704:"Emperor of
669:
606:Stefan Dušan
567:, and later
520:Stefan Dušan
471:
437:
365:
346:
342:
304:
299:
275:
272:Thessalonica
262:and most of
256:Stefan Dušan
253:Serbian king
246:
219:Stefan Dušan
207:
196:
190:
184:
183:
172:
161:
147:
107:Stefan Dušan
81:
77:
56:
29:
1182:Soulis 1963
1035:Soulis 1984
967:Soulis 1984
955:Soulis 1984
943:Soulis 1984
764:), in 1358.
757:), in 1357.
648:), in 1349.
632:), in 1351.
618:), in 1349.
556:Simeon Uroš
494:Jovan Nenad
474:Simeon Uroš
445:Rex Rasciae
412:and of the
339:Mount Athos
35:Emperor of
1606:Categories
1509:(5): 9–17.
931:White 2000
894:References
587:1370–1373
560:1359–1370
448:("King of
375:autokrator
290:autokrator
192:autokrator
175:Bulgarians
142:Hereditary
1538:Глас САНУ
1484:The Serbs
1297:(1994) .
994:Fine 1994
979:Fine 1994
878:romanized
851:romanized
824:romanized
583:John Uroš
508:Comments
478:John Uroš
264:Macedonia
210:Albanians
139:Appointer
131:Abolition
123:Formation
58:Divellion
37:the Serbs
1588:(1935).
1576:(1912).
1552:(1997).
1481:(2004).
1344:(1858).
785:See also
738:Thessaly
592:Thessaly
569:Thessaly
502:Monarch
488:saw the
468:Monarchs
461:Ip Roiom
369:basileus
331:Bulgaria
325:and the
309:basileus
276:de facto
227:Thessaly
186:basileus
171:, later
44:Imperial
1322:(ed.).
1288:Sources
880::
853::
842:Serbian
826::
815:Serbian
722:Vlachia
710:Romania
670:Romania
455:Ip Roma
423:Romania
393:Romania
381:Romania
300:čestnik
280:Balkans
213:". The
198:Romania
180:Serbian
154:emperor
150:monarch
98:Details
1562:
1491:
1447:
1426:
1405:
1380:
1330:
1307:
1138:
734:Epirus
714:Despot
706:Rascia
601:Titles
565:Epirus
505:Reign
450:Rascia
442:title
418:Simeon
398:Romans
315:Skopje
268:Serres
168:Greeks
84:(1926)
869:Greek
802:Notes
726:Latin
674:Greek
440:Latin
345:than
204:Greek
164:Serbs
80:, in
1560:ISBN
1525:ЗРВИ
1489:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1403:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1136:ISBN
718:Arta
708:and
372:and
298:and
286:and
284:tsar
270:and
189:and
182:and
166:and
158:tsar
1542:384
724:" (
716:of
672:" (
384:" (
363:).
202:in
178:in
1608::
1592:.
1540:.
1529:12
1527:.
1401:.
1397:.
1376:.
1372:.
1359:.
1144:.
1042:^
986:^
875:,
871::
848:,
844::
821:,
817::
728::
712:,
676::
594:.
571:.
357:/
233:.
229:,
1568:.
1544:.
1531:.
1497:.
1453:.
1432:.
1411:.
1386:.
1361:8
1336:.
1313:.
774:(
767:(
760:(
753:(
684:.
662:)
655:)
635:(
628:(
621:(
614:(
156:(
20:)
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