2403:
2428:
2489:
2504:
2529:
Bosnia and
Herzegovina, which marked the height of the Serbian Empire in Middle Ages. However, the most serious menace came from the East, from the Turks. Entrenched on the shores of the Dardanelles, the Turks were the common enemies of Christendom. It was against them that the question of uniting and directing all forces in the Balkans to save Europe from the invasion arose. The Serbian Empire already included most of the region, and to transform the peninsula into a cohesive whole under a rule of a single master required seizure of Constantinople to add to Serbia what remained of the Byzantine Empire. DuŔan intended to make himself emperor and defender of Christianity against the Islamic wave.
111:
2391:
2367:
2453:
2036:
2477:
70:
551:
537:
495:
428:
858:
1050:
2379:
467:
100:
77:
869:
6290:
2465:
523:
2250:
453:
509:
481:
1736:
128:
1974:
3928:
880:
2402:
2528:
were condemned to work in mines, and people who propagated it were threatened with death. The Papacy grew concerned about this and the increasing power of DuŔan and aroused the old rivalry of the
Catholic Hungarians against the Orthodox Serbs. Once again DuŔan overcame his enemies from whom he seized
1950:
states. Too incompetent to sustain the empire created by his father, Stefan V could neither repel attacks of foreign enemies nor combat the independence of his nobility. The
Serbian Empire of Stefan V fragmented into a conglomeration of principalities, some of which did not even nominally acknowledge
1894:
It is unclear if DuŔan kept control in these lands. Certain historians say
Stephen Kotromanic returned and regained control in Bosnia, but the sources do not mention anything about him after DuŔan's conquests, until his death in late 1353. DuŔan most likely kept control over Dalmatia, since after his
2046:
After finishing most of his conquests, Stefan DuŔan dedicated himself to supervising the administration of the empire. One key objective was to create a written legal code, an effort his predecessors had only begun. An assembly of bishops, nobles, and provincial governors was charged with creating a
1990:
in 1371, making vassals of the southern governors; soon thereafter, the
Emperor died. As UroÅ” was childless and the nobility could not agree on a rightful heir, the Empire continued to be ruled by semi-independent provincial lords, who often were in feud with each other. The most powerful of these,
2179:
East-west Roman roads through the empire carried a variety of commodities: wine, manufactures, and luxury goods from the coast; metals, cattle, timber, wool, skins, and leather from the interior. This economic development made possible the creation of the Empire. Important trade routes were the
2541:
had given the first impulse, progressed remarkably during DuŔan's reign. Schools and monasteries secured royal favor. True seats of culture, they became institutions in perpetuating
Serbian national traditions. The fine arts, influenced by Italians, were not neglected. Architectural monuments,
1846:
across the
Bosnian border. Stephen, knowing he could not face such a force, opted to retreat in front of it in hopes of leading the Serbian army into hard terrain, where he could potentially fight them off. However, this did not work out because Bosnian nobility and even some of Stephen's own
2126:
The legislation resembled the feudal system then prevalent in
Western Europe, with an aristocratic basis and establishing a wide distinction between nobility and peasantry. The monarch had broad powers but was surrounded and advised by a permanent council of magnates and prelates. The court,
2003:, the son of Lazar, succeeded as ruler, but by 1394 he had become an Ottoman vassal. In 1402 he renounced Ottoman rule and became a Hungarian ally; the following years are characterized by a power struggle between the Ottomans and Hungary over the territory of Serbia. In 1453, the Ottomans
749:
in 1334, but was prevented conquering the city by the death of
Syrgian, who had been assassinated by a Byzantine spy. Syrgian was a key figure in DuŔan's army, as he had earned a great reputation in Greece, convincing Greek citizens to surrender cities rather than fight DuŔan's armies.
2355:
2195:
Srebrenica, Rudnik, TrepÄa, Novo Brdo, Kopaonik, Majdanpek, Brskovo, and
Samokov were the main centers for mining iron, copper, and lead ores, and silver and gold placers. The silver mines provided much of the royal income, and were worked by slave-labour, managed by
1938:, called "the Weak," a term that also described the empire as it slowly slid into feudal anarchy. The failure to consolidate its holdings after a sudden conquest led to the fragmentation of the empire. The period was marked by the rise of a new threat: the
915:. He did not fight a single field battle, instead winning his empire by besieging cities. DuŔan undertook a campaign against the Byzantine Empire, which was attempting to avert a deteriorating situation after the destruction caused by the
2427:
818:, although DuŔan was governing the whole state, with special responsibility for the newly acquired Roman (Byzantine) lands. These actions, which the Byzantines received with indignation, appear to have been supported by the
1854:
He left a portion of his army to continue besieging Bobovac; sent another portion to conquer the region of Krajina, while he himself led a third portion to conquer Hum. Then, after conquering Hum, DuŔan proceeded to enter
2913:
RadovanoviÄ, M. 2002, "Å ar mountain and its župas in South Serbia's Kosovo-Metohia region: Geographical position and multiethnic characteristics", Zbornik radova Geografskog instituta "Jovan CvijiÄ", SANU, no. 51,
2171:
Commerce was another object of DuŔan's concern. He gave strict orders to combat piracy and to assure the safety of travelers and foreign merchants. Traditional relations with Venice were resumed, with the port of
2633:
Gregory, Timothy E.; Å evÄenko, Nancy Patterson (1991). "Serres". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1881ā1882. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
1016:, for the functioning of the state and the Serbian Orthodox Church. In 1355, DuŔan began military preparations for new campaigns in the south and east, but suddenly died of an unknown illness in December 1355.
2192:, and the Kopaonik road, among others. Ragusan merchants in particular had trading privileges throughout the realm. Security of trade and merchants on the roads was a major concern for the state authorities.
2011:
was taken. In 1459, Serbia was annexed, and then Morea a year later. During the following centuries of Ottoman rule, the legacy of former statehood, embodied in the Serbian Empire, became an integral part of
1981:
The crumbling Serbian Empire under UroÅ” the Weak offered little resistance to the powerful Ottomans. In the wake of internal conflicts and decentralization of the state, the Ottomans defeated the Serbs under
1049:
686:(r. 1322ā1331). After his father's accession to the throne, DuÅ”an was awarded with the title of "young king". Although this title bore significant power in medieval Serbia, Stefan wanted his younger son,
2139:). The župa consisted of villages, and their status, rights, and obligations were regulated in the constitution. The ruling nobility possessed hereditary allodial estates, which were worked by dependent
977:
DuŔan later married, became his ally between 1332 and 1365. DuŔan ruled over major central part of the Balkan peninsula. He gave sanctuary to the former regent of the Byzantine Empire,
962:. The outcome of the battle shaped the balance of power in the Balkans for the next decades to come and although Bulgaria did not lose territory, the Serbs could occupy much of
2488:
6532:
706:, a province in Serbia where DuŔan ruled autonomously, being a tradition of Serbian heirs to rule this province. Advised by the nobility, DuŔan later marched from Zeta to
2503:
1891:, DuŔan was forced to retreat and repel him. While he was on his way back, he was welcomed and prepared a great feast in Dubrovnik, where his wife stayed for some time.
1823:
without DuŔan attacking him from the south. Stephen, feeling that his position in Hum and Krajina is becoming harder to defend, started building fortresses around river
2257:
Serbian military tactics consisted of wedge-shaped heavy cavalry attacks with horse archers on the flanks. Many foreign mercenaries were in the Serbian army, mostly
5632:
2476:
2354:
1922:
in 1355. Djuras Ilijic surrendered Skradin to the Venetians some time after DuŔan's death, on 10 January 1356, and Klis was conquered by the Croatian general
1871:
both continually tried to take control over these lands, so DuŔan entered Dalmatia to protect his sister's legal domains. He was welcomed as a liberator in
99:
2200:. A colony of Saxons worked the Novo Brdo mines and traded charcoal burners. The silver mines processed an annual 0.5 million dollars (1919 comparation).
7035:
3088:
1805:
on the west, DuŔan, being busy with his conquests on the south, tried to solve this territorial dispute with diplomacy, but that did not succeed, as
5454:
1911:
895:
Tsar DuŔan doubled the size of Serbian state, seizing territories in all directions, especially south and southeast. Serbia held parts of modern
2366:
1923:
4311:
1951:
his rule. Stefan UroÅ” V died childless on 4 December 1371, after much of the Serbian nobility had been killed by the Ottoman Turks during the
6203:
1684:
1636:
690:, to inherit him instead of DuŔan. However, DuŔan had significant support from the major part of the Serbian nobility, including the Serbian
2289:. The main strength of the Serbian army were the heavily armoured knights feared for their ferocious charge and fighting skills, as well as
6477:
707:
2077:
is notable with the articles 172 and 174 of DuŔan's Code, which regulated juridical independence. They were taken from the Byzantine code
6275:
2464:
2390:
1764:
6820:
6747:
5664:
7045:
5622:
7030:
6860:
6215:
1537:
2417:, manuscript of the late 16th or early 17th century. A modified version of it would later go on to become the coat of arms of the
7020:
6124:
6071:
6013:
1851:, the capital of Bosnia, to which he laid siege. The Bosnian ban fled to Hungary, and Bosnia was left open for DuŔan to conquer.
1313:
7040:
6782:
3488:"Serbian Hagiographies on the Warfare and Political Struggles of the NemanjiÄ Dynasty (from the Twelfth to Fourteenth Century)"
2452:
5264:
4646:
2761:
2335:, which was purple and had a golden cross in the center. Another of DuŔan's flags was the Imperial cavalry flag, kept at the
974:
846:
7055:
7010:
6634:
5737:
665:
5170:
2293:, versatile light cavalry formations armed mainly with spears and crossbows, ideal for scouting, raiding and skirmishing.
6489:
5741:
5447:
110:
2378:
1124:
6465:
6401:
6232:
5658:
5654:
5542:
5316:
4316:
1704:
1294:
1281:
1995:, a Duke of present-day central Serbia (which had not yet come under Ottoman rule), stood against the Ottomans at the
1366:
787:", a title signifying a claim to succession of the Byzantine Empire. The ceremony was performed by the newly elevated
710:, where he besieged his father and forced him to surrender the throne. Stefan was later imprisoned in the fortress of
6161:
5935:
5627:
5557:
5538:
3960:
3892:
3871:
3850:
3829:
3805:
3742:
3718:
3694:
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3614:
3564:
3513:
3459:
3419:
3374:
3353:
3329:
3306:
3257:
3233:
3212:
3186:
3071:
1569:
1091:
1527:
1106:
1096:
502:
69:
6629:
6208:
5576:
5565:
5561:
5534:
2615:
1101:
339:
1111:
7050:
7005:
6908:
5514:
5510:
5463:
4942:
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2524:
Influenced by the clergy, DuŔan showed extreme severity towards Roman Catholicism. Those who integrated into the
2135:
and krajiŔtes"; the župas and krajiŔtes were one and the same, where župas on the borders were called krajiŔtes (
1757:
784:
4104:
3574:
5585:
5506:
5440:
3398:
2651:
2598:
1494:
2317:, which was characteristic for capital cities at the time the drawing was produced. The flag, depicting a red
834:
638:
6918:
6913:
6887:
6583:
6255:
5593:
5589:
5380:
3099:
2915:
2442:
2325:, seen by Dimitrije AvramoviÄ, was alleged by the brotherhood to have been a flag of Emperor DuÅ”an; it was a
691:
1860:
6830:
6603:
6220:
6193:
6134:
6129:
6021:
6017:
5888:
5375:
5259:
2176:(Dubrovnik) becoming an important transaction point. Exploitation of mines produced appreciable resources.
1867:, Mladen Subic, who died of plague in 1348, leaving his lands to his wife. After his death, Hungarians and
1694:
1405:
1059:
603:
433:
3578:
1906:
was built in that region. Also, he is recorded sending 2 military units under the command of his generals
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6865:
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6588:
6416:
6365:
6101:
6064:
5553:
5385:
4422:
2662:
1084:
702:, where DuŔan showed his military capabilities, and they seem to have culminated when king Stefan raided
474:
3609:. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 188ā195.
6815:
6805:
6777:
6652:
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6265:
5931:
5669:
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5502:
3640:
3624:
3559:. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 90ā114.
2244:
2159:
1964:
1750:
1433:
1395:
1337:
1181:
1029:
970:
842:
826:
726:
649:
352:
3324:. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 72ā89.
3301:. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 32ā40.
3207:. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 20ā31.
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3431:"Living by the Border: South Slavic Marcher Lords in the Late Medieval Balkans (13thā15th Centuries)"
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2013:
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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
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5249:
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4743:
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3448:"Legislation Concerning the Vlachs of the Balkans Before and After Ottoman Conquest: An Overview"
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The Reluctant Emperor: A Biography of John Cantacuzene, Byzantine Emperor and Monk, c. 1295ā1383
2329:
with red at the top and bottom and white in the center. Emperor DuŔan also adopted the Imperial
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2004:
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6227:
6198:
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4033:
4023:
3982:
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3884:
The Serbs and Byzantium during the reign of Tsar Stephen DuÅ”an (1331ā1355) and his successors
3662:
The Despotate of Epiros 1267ā1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages
3552:
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3294:
3200:
3196:
2751:
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1880:
1819:
However, the situation changed when Louis signed a treaty with DuŔan, so he could attack the
1673:
1547:
1066:
978:
857:
830:
5209:
3537:
3523:
1579:
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4910:
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250:
206:
5194:
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1983:
1907:
8:
6800:
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in 1340, he imposed a treaty assuring Serbia sovereignty over regions extending from the
803:
799:
530:
367:
5688:
4822:
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and the imperial coronation of Stefan UroŔ IV DuŔan. Dushan made marriage alliance with
105:
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185:
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3824:. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies.
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1952:
1827:, to strengthen his presence and even went as far as to raid the Serbian province of
1820:
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1038:
618:
243:
180:
3494:. Cluj-Napoca: Romanian Academy, Center for Transylvanian Studies. pp. 103ā129.
1333:
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had expanded his state to cover half of the Balkans, more territory than either the
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1996:
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572:
203:
169:
50:
36:
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1968:
1935:
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286:
76:
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Reform and Renewal in Medieval East and Central Europe: Politics, Law and Society
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2131:. The code enumerated the administrative hierarchy as following: "lands, cities,
1999:
in 1389. The result was indecisive, but it led to the subsequent fall of Serbia.
1926:
for the Hungarian king sometime after 1356, ending Serbian presence in Dalmatia.
1456:
1216:
939:
904:
872:
653:
626:
446:
190:
4817:
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2437:
1847:
soldiers, unhappy with his rule, started defecting to DuŔan. DuŔan soon reached
862:
679:
669:
656:
in parts of Serbia until 1402, but the territory in Greece was never recovered.
607:
313:
274:
91:
6156:
5979:
5647:
5338:
5333:
5296:
5271:
5254:
5165:
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4713:
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4291:
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4040:
3579:"On the Composition and Processing of Precious Metals mined in Medieval Serbia"
3452:
State and Society in the Balkans Before and After Establishment of Ottoman Rule
3295:"Serbian Spirituality in the 13th and 14th Centuries and Western Scholasticism"
2326:
2211:
2128:
2058:
1939:
1903:
1888:
1503:
1246:
916:
868:
766:
387:
214:
175:
687:
6994:
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frescoes and mosaics testify the artistic level archived during this period.
2249:
2205:
2181:
2070:
1809:
continually refused or ignored DuŔan's requests, counting on the help of his
1740:
993:
399:
115:
4847:
4827:
3499:
2305:
depicts a number of flags, and Serbia is represented by a flag placed above
6717:
5747:
5311:
5052:
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5008:
4937:
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4859:
4649:
4631:
4592:
4587:
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4427:
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2586:
2525:
2314:
2286:
2189:
2082:
2062:
1303:
1256:
997:
943:
791:
746:
695:
3471:"The Danube in Serbian-Hungarian Relations in the 14th and 15th Centuries"
958:. Bulgaria had never fully recovered since its defeat by the Serbs at the
698:. Tensions slowly rose between the king and his son, especially after the
648:
The Serbian Empire effectively ended with the death of UroÅ” V in 1371 and
6707:
5030:
5015:
4864:
4577:
4486:
4476:
4402:
4050:
4045:
3593:
3284:
2340:
2185:
2061:. The law regulated all social spheres, thus it is considered a medieval
1513:
1211:
599:
300:
3272:"The Double Wreath: A Contribution to the History of Kingship in Bosnia"
2149:: peasants owing labour services, formally bound by decree. The earlier
5862:
5057:
4874:
4748:
4708:
4641:
3603:"Serbian Medieval Law and the Development of Law in Subsequent Periods"
2217:
2100:
1992:
1835:. DuŔan could not tolerate this, so he marched with his army westward.
1794:
1329:
1136:
1872:
4947:
4718:
4602:
4572:
4353:
4227:
4018:
3629:"The Balkan States, I: The Zenith of Bulgaria and Serbia (1186ā1355)"
2282:
2266:
2262:
2112:
2108:
2066:
1899:
1828:
1798:
1790:
1325:
1156:
1131:
1009:
989:
86:
3903:
3487:
3470:
3430:
807:
645:, lost most of the territory conquered by DuŔan, hence his epithet.
4348:
4131:
4089:
4028:
2538:
2336:
2331:
2322:
2145:
2119:. Its basic purpose was to organize the functions of the state and
2078:
2053:
was enacted in two state assemblies, the first on May 21, 1349, in
2047:
code of laws, bringing together the customs of the Slav countries.
1946:
to Europe and conquered first Byzantine Thrace, and then the other
1856:
1839:
1321:
1186:
1146:
931:
920:
742:
544:
394:
127:
6049:
2969:
2482:
Geographic map of the Serbian Empire overlayed with modern borders
2081:(book VII, 1, 16ā17). The Code had its roots in the first Serbian
718:
5724:
4261:
4190:
4146:
4001:
3366:
The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895ā1526
2957:
2945:
2306:
2290:
2258:
1973:
1919:
1864:
1848:
1843:
1824:
1161:
1141:
947:
908:
888:
222:
148:
4062:
2991:
JOM: the journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
2132:
6289:
6080:
4094:
3969:
3927:
2274:
2270:
2054:
2008:
1947:
1876:
1802:
1714:
1317:
1236:
1206:
1201:
981:, in revolt against the government, and agreed to an alliance.
955:
935:
912:
900:
776:
738:
703:
630:
622:
156:
152:
138:
3904:"Foreign Soldiers in the NemanjiÄ State ā A Critical Overview"
2987:
2644:
Hungary and the Fall of Eastern Europe 1000ā1568 (Men-at-Arms)
621:
multi-ethnic and multi-lingual empire that stretched from the
5870:
4728:
3651:. Vol. 4. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 552ā593.
3635:. Vol. 4. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 517ā551.
2127:
chancellery and administration were rough copies of those of
1884:
1832:
1151:
734:
231:
227:
3109:
875:, where DuŔan adopted the title of Emperor at his coronation
2835:
1943:
1915:
967:
879:
823:
771:
613:
During DuŔan's rule, Serbia was the most powerful state in
254:
3938:
3201:"On the National Identity of the Serbs in the Middle Ages"
2933:
2883:
2470:
Serbian Empire in 1358 according to Louis Etienne Dussieux
3758:
Il Regno de gli Slavi hoggi corrottamente detti Schiavoni
3645:"The Balkan States, II: The Turkish Conquest (1355ā1483)"
3145:
2998:
2921:
2895:
2859:
2823:
2731:
2668:
2226:
2871:
2692:
2597:
For a list of magnates, feudal lords and officials, see
2153:
title was abolished and replaced with the Greek-derived
1789:, Stephen expanded his rule to the Serbian provinces of
694:, and some of the king's most trusted generals, such as
617:
and one of the most powerful European states. It was an
3133:
2847:
2509:
Map of the Serbian Empire, University of Belgrade, 1922
1859:, in order to secure his sister's domains. His sister,
984:
In 1349 and 1354, DuŔan enacted a set of laws known as
3454:. Belgrade: The Institute of History. pp. 25ā42.
3121:
2794:
2719:
2680:
3887:. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection.
3553:"Serbian Architecture Between Byzantium and the West"
3393:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
2709:
2707:
2360:
Flag of Serbia on the map of Angelino Dulcert (1339).
1883:
attacked DuŔan from the south, capturing the city of
1019:
3734:
The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500ā1453
3665:(2. expanded ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3318:"The European Scope of Painting in Medieval Serbia"
2782:
2770:
2321:, represented the realm of Stefan DuŔan. A flag in
1977:
Internal divisions of the Serbian Empire after 1360
652:. Some successors of Stefan V claimed the title of
5462:
3042:
3025:
2704:
2343:; a triangular bicolored flag, of red and yellow.
833:Simeon had participated in both the creation of a
3842:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000ā1500
3468:
729:, with the help of a deserted Byzantine general,
6992:
3221:
3814:
3573:
3059:
2951:
2749:
3345:The Slavs in European History and Civilization
3089:"The cross with symbols S as heraldic symbols"
3036:
2103:. St. Sava's Nomocanon was the compilation of
6065:
5448:
3954:
3411:Studies in Byzantine and Serbian Medieval Art
3222:Äanak-MediÄ, Milka; TodiÄ, Branislav (2017).
3053:
2663:Positive Peace in Kosovo: A Dream Unfulfilled
2285:; he became leader of all mercenaries in the
2281:" in 1331 upon crossing Serbia on the way to
1758:
725:, at the time ruled by the ambitious emperor
583:
577:
42:
28:
5411:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
3797:Prince Marko: The Hero of South Slavic Epics
3181:] (in French). Lausanne: LāAge dāHomme.
2756:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 37ā.
3845:. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
3779:
3348:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
3292:
3115:
2737:
2065:. The Code included 201 articles, based on
891:, which was one of the cities of the Empire
7036:States and territories established in 1346
6072:
6058:
5455:
5441:
3961:
3947:
3863:Banditry in the Medieval Balkans, 800ā1500
3686:The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261ā1453
3469:IvanoviÄ, MiloÅ”; IsailoviÄ, Neven (2015).
3407:
3195:
2841:
2589:with the title of "young king" (1369ā1371)
1765:
1751:
126:
3859:
3727:
3713:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3689:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3445:
3428:
3283:
3167:
2994:. Vol. 6. Society (TMS). p. 27.
2939:
2229:was one dinar coin, per house, annually.
1929:
3485:
3266:
3242:
3225:The Monastery of the Patriarchate of PeÄ
3151:
3004:
2975:
2927:
2889:
2865:
2829:
2800:
2698:
2494:The Serbian Empire in 1350 according to
2265:as infantry. The army also had personal
2248:
2034:
1972:
878:
867:
856:
852:
733:. DuŔan quickly conquered the cities of
610:, who significantly expanded the state.
379:250,000 km (97,000 sq mi)
16:1346ā1371 empire in the Balkan Peninsula
5235:
3800:. New York: Syracuse University Press.
3793:
3639:
3623:
3536:
3522:
3338:
3086:
2988:National City Bank of New York (2002).
2674:
2277:, became the commander of the Serbian "
2225:was the largest unit, and the imperial
1958:
950:river, and including parts of southern
6993:
3901:
3880:
3838:
3751:
3600:
3369:. London & New York: I.B. Tauris.
2901:
2812:
2269:guards for the emperor, mainly German
1785:. During the reign of DuŔan's father,
806:. At the same time, DuŔan had his son
6053:
5436:
3942:
3765:
3761:. Pesaro: Apresso Girolamo Concordia.
3703:
3679:
3655:
3550:
3362:
3315:
3139:
3127:
3029:Monumenta Cartographica Jugoslaviae 2
2582:with the title of "king" (1365ā1371)
2532:
2446:, manuscript of the late 16th century
2372:Reconstruction based on Dulcert's map
1777:Bordering Serbia to the west was the
765:in that time. Therefore, in 1345, in
593:
3498:
3383:
2963:
2877:
2853:
2788:
2776:
2725:
2713:
2686:
2665:by Elisabeth Schleicher, p. 49. 2012
1695:Federal unit of Socialist Yugoslavia
602:Serbian state that emerged from the
6079:
3775:. ŠŠµŠ¾Š³ŃŠ°Š“: Š”ŃŠæŃŠŗŠ° ŠŗŃŠøŠ¶ŠµŠ²Š½Š° Š·Š°Š“ŃŃŠ³Š°.
2253:15th century Serbian medieval armor
1914:to protect the Dalmatian cities of
814:, giving him nominal rule over the
775:" ("Caesar"). On 16 April 1346, in
13:
6233:Federal Republic (1992–2006)
3098:. pp. 149ā158. Archived from
1282:Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum
1020:Expansion into Bosnia and Dalmatia
783:capital), he had himself crowned "
629:in the south, with its capital in
14:
7072:
3920:
2750:Steven Runciman (26 March 2012).
2296:
2019:
1705:Constituent state with Montenegro
650:the break-up of the Serbian state
7046:1371 disestablishments in Europe
6288:
3926:
3881:Soulis, George Christos (1984).
3508:. Edgware: Porthill Publishers.
3252:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
3066:. Službeni Glasnik. p. 22.
3063:Grb Srbije: razvoj kroz istoriju
2616:Serbian nobility conflict (1369)
2502:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2451:
2434:Attributed imperial coat of arms
2426:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2313:) with the name Serbia near the
1942:sultanate gradually spread from
1934:DuŔan was succeeded by his son,
1734:
1048:
682:was the son of the Serbian king
674:
666:Byzantine civil war of 1341ā1347
606:. It was established in 1346 by
549:
535:
521:
507:
493:
479:
465:
451:
426:
109:
98:
75:
68:
7031:Former countries in the Balkans
3293:DragojloviÄ, Dragoljub (1993).
3228:. Novi Sad: Platoneum, Beseda.
3080:
3019:
3010:
2981:
2907:
2806:
2753:The Fall of Constantinople 1453
2743:
2646:pp. 35, 37; Osprey Publishing,
2396:Imperial cavalry flag, Hilandar
1879:, but as the Byzantine emperor
930:After besieging the emperor at
923:, Albania, Epirus, and most of
785:Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks
721:launched a large attack on the
7021:Medieval history of Montenegro
5464:European Middle Ages by region
3902:Uzelac, Aleksandar B. (2015).
3821:Serbs in European Civilization
3818:; DuŔkov, Milan, eds. (1993).
3786:History of the Byzantine State
3649:The Cambridge Medieval History
3633:The Cambridge Medieval History
3607:Serbs in European Civilization
3557:Serbs in European Civilization
3546:. Vol. 2. Gotha: Perthes.
3532:. Vol. 1. Gotha: Perthes.
3505:The History of Serbian Culture
3322:Serbs in European Civilization
3299:Serbs in European Civilization
3205:Serbs in European Civilization
2656:
2636:
2627:
2599:Nobility of the Serbian Empire
1528:Banate of Lugoj and CaransebeČ
578:
1:
7041:1346 establishments in Europe
3179:History of the Serbian People
2966:, pp. 199ā200, 316, 626.
2621:
2545:
2215:, derived from the Byzantine
2203:The currency used was called
5889:Hereditary Kingdom of Norway
3475:Tibiscvm: IstorieāArheologie
3414:. London: The Pindar Press.
2057:, and the second in 1354 in
1863:, was married to the ban of
769:, DuŔan proclaimed himself "
595:[srĢ©ĢpskoĖtsĆ¢ĖrstŹo]
327:Enaction of the DuŔan's Code
82:Top: Flag (mid-14th century)
7:
7011:Medieval history of Albania
3968:
3316:ÄuriÄ, Vojislav J. (1993).
3049:. Geca Kon. pp. 78ā80.
3043:Stanoje StanojeviÄ (1934).
3026:Gavro A. Å krivaniÄ (1979).
2604:
2519:
2232:
835:Serbian Patriarchate of PeÄ
745:, and attempted to besiege
584:
10:
7077:
6748:Inventions and discoveries
6466:Chief of the General Staff
6162:Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia
3908:Belgrade Historical Review
3789:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
3385:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.
3160:
3016:Solovyev 1958, pp. 134ā135
2978:, pp. 54ā55, 71, 123.
2549:
2514:
2346:
2245:Military history of Serbia
2242:
2236:
2209:; an alternative name was
2166:
2143:, the equivalent of Greek
2028:
1965:Fall of the Serbian Empire
1962:
727:Andronikos III Palaiologos
663:
659:
6952:
6896:
6841:
6791:
6693:
6660:
6651:
6622:
6571:
6515:
6511:
6502:
6392:
6383:
6306:
6297:
6286:
6243:
6100:
6091:
5988:Principality of Chernigov
5897:
5818:Principality of Catalonia
5715:
5706:
5603:
5483:
5470:
5404:
5356:
4873:
4277:
3976:
3866:. Cham: Springer Nature.
3860:Sophoulis, Panos (2020).
3794:PopoviÄ, Tatyana (1988).
3446:IsailoviÄ, Neven (2017).
3429:IsailoviÄ, Neven (2016).
3408:GavriloviÄ, Zaga (2001).
2611:Serbia in the Middle Ages
2384:Emperor DuŔan's Divellion
2096:
2014:Serbian national identity
641:. His son and successor,
576:
405:
393:
383:
373:
366:
362:
349:
340:Serbian nobility conflict
336:
323:
310:
306:
296:
292:
280:
268:
264:
249:
237:
221:
199:
162:
144:
134:
125:
84:Bottom: Personal banner (
64:
59:
29:
23:
6402:Administrative divisions
6167:History of modern Serbia
5967:Bosnia and Herzegovina (
3839:Sedlar, Jean W. (1994).
3575:KovaÄeviÄ-KojiÄ, Desanka
3551:KoraÄ, Vojislav (1993).
3486:IvanoviÄ, MiloÅ” (2019).
3174:Histoire du peuple serbe
3060:MiliÄ MiliÄeviÄ (1995).
2552:List of Serbian monarchs
2443:KorjeniÄ-NeoriÄ Armorial
2099:) from 1219, enacted by
2005:conquered Constantinople
988:. The Code was based on
812:King of Serbs and Greeks
106:Arms of NemanjiÄ dynasty
7056:GreeceāSerbia relations
6856:Serbian Orthodox Church
5898:Central, Eastern Europe
5604:Central, Eastern Europe
3601:KrstiÄ, Äurica (1993).
2561:Emperors, and co-rulers
2421:and its ruling dynasty.
2121:Serbian Orthodox Church
1797:, which stretched from
1380:11th–12th century
919:. DuŔan swiftly seized
763:Second Bulgarian Empire
633:. He also promoted the
7051:14th century in Greece
7006:14th century in Serbia
6926:Basketball superleague
5782:Burgundian Netherlands
5623:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2813:Orbini, Mauro (1601).
2642:David Nicolle; (1988)
2458:Alleged flag, Hilandar
2419:Principality of Serbia
2254:
2043:
2024:
1978:
1930:Reign of Stefan UroÅ” V
1617:Principality of Serbia
1598:Serbia 1804–1918
1343:7th–10th century
1314:Principality of Serbia
996:and the first Serbian
954:up to the environs of
897:Bosnia and Herzegovina
892:
876:
865:
845:, marrying his sister
475:Zeta under the BalÅ”iÄi
43:
6228:Serbia and Montenegro
6199:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
5659:Late Medieval Kingdom
5655:High Medieval Kingdom
5381:Medieval great powers
3543:Geschichte der Serben
3529:Geschichte der Serben
2550:Further information:
2273:. A German nobleman,
2252:
2239:Medieval Serbian army
2237:Further information:
2038:
2029:Further information:
1976:
1963:Further information:
1861:Jelena Nemanjic-Subic
1831:, reaching as far as
1801:on the east to river
1783:Stephen II Kotromanic
1674:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
1570:Habsburg-ruled Serbia
1548:Great Serb Migrations
1457:Prince Lazar's Serbia
1416:King Dragutin's realm
1012:system, based on the
979:John VI Kantakouzenos
911:, and half of modern
882:
871:
860:
853:Reign of Stefan DuŔan
831:Patriarch of Bulgaria
635:Serbian Archbishopric
461:District of BrankoviÄ
312:ā¢ Coronation of
163:Common languages
6783:World Heritage Sites
6216:Socialist Yugoslavia
6177:Revolutionary Serbia
5867:Caliphate of CĆ³rdoba
5773:Republic of Florence
5391:European colonialism
5376:Ancient great powers
3935:at Wikimedia Commons
3737:. London: Cardinal.
3594:10.2298/BALC1445097K
3285:10.2298/BALC1445107C
3087:AtlagiÄ, M. (1997).
2952:KovaÄeviÄ-KojiÄ 2014
2880:, pp. 116, 118.
2816:Kingdom of the Slavs
2537:Education, to which
2088:St. Sava's Nomocanon
1959:Aftermath and legacy
1504:Ottoman-ruled Serbia
1353:around 969–976
1002:St. Sava's Nomocanon
696:Jovan Oliver GrÄiniÄ
639:Serbian Patriarchate
625:in the north to the
5858:Lordship of Ireland
5853:Kingdom of Scotland
5842:Kingdom of Portugal
5822:Kingdom of Valencia
5792:Kingdom of Asturias
5386:Modern great powers
3781:Ostrogorsky, George
3538:JireÄek, Constantin
3524:JireÄek, Constantin
3363:Engel, PƔl (2001).
3169:BatakoviÄ, DuÅ”an T.
2904:, pp. 188ā195.
2856:, pp. 314ā317.
2728:, pp. 309ā310.
2689:, pp. 286ā382.
2677:, pp. 111ā114.
2411:of Serbia from the
2319:double-headed eagle
2163:, "head, master").
2117:Ecumenical Councils
1993:Lazar HrebeljanoviÄ
1538:Habsburg occupation
1477:Despotate of Serbia
1277:Diocese of Pannonia
1014:Ecumenical Councils
899:, Moravian Serbia,
804:Archbishop of Ohrid
796:Bulgarian Patriarch
531:Despotate of Epirus
7016:Medieval Macedonia
6604:Telecommunications
6221:Socialist Republic
6172:Serbian Revolution
6130:Grand Principality
6018:Grand Principality
5936:Kingdom of Croatia
5883:Emirate of Granada
5848:Kingdom of England
5832:Kingdom of Navarre
5826:Kingdom of Majorca
5804:Kingdom of Galicia
5800:Kingdom of Castile
5763:Republic of Venice
5734:Kingdom of Bohemia
3816:SamardžiÄ, Radovan
3772:ŠŃŠ°ŃŠµŠ²ŃŃŠ²Š¾ Š”Š»Š¾Š²ŠµŠ½Š°
3729:Obolensky, Dimitri
3142:, pp. 90ā114.
2954:, pp. 97ā106.
2892:, pp. 43, 68.
2533:Education and arts
2337:Hilandar monastery
2255:
2044:
1979:
1881:John Kantakouzenos
1715:Republic of Serbia
1607:Serbian Revolution
1447:Lordship of Prilep
1396:Grand Principality
1242:Dacia Mediterranea
960:Battle of Velbazhd
893:
877:
866:
489:Lordship of Prilep
6988:
6987:
6948:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6866:Roman Catholicism
6647:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6498:
6497:
6490:Political parties
6473:National Assembly
6417:Foreign relations
6379:
6378:
6284:
6283:
6204:German occupation
6047:
6046:
6043:
6042:
5999:Novgorod Republic
5973:Kingdom of Bosnia
5911:Bulgarian Empire
5814:Kingdom of Aragon
5778:Duchy of Burgundy
5768:Republic of Genoa
5758:Kingdom of Naples
5753:Kingdom of Sicily
5742:Swiss Confederacy
5730:Holy Roman Empire
5702:
5701:
5430:
5429:
5352:
5351:
5317:PolishāLithuanian
4492:Gurjara-Pratihara
3931:Media related to
3197:BlagojeviÄ, MiloÅ”
3154:, pp. 77ā79.
3130:, pp. 72ā89.
3118:, pp. 32ā40.
3046:Iz naŔe proŔlosti
3032:. Narodna knjiga.
3007:, pp. 55ā56.
2942:, pp. 39ā55.
2930:, pp. 70ā71.
2868:, pp. 67ā71.
2844:, pp. 20ā31.
2832:, pp. 78ā80.
2763:978-1-107-60469-8
2701:, pp. 63ā80.
2580:VukaŔin of Serbia
2556:Emperor of Serbia
1988:Battle of Maritsa
1953:Battle of Maritsa
1838:DuŔan led 50,000
1821:kingdom of Naples
1775:
1774:
1741:Serbia portal
1726:
1725:
1722:
1665:Serbia since 1918
1655:
1654:
1647:Kingdom of Serbia
1627:Serbian Vojvodina
1588:
1587:
1560:Military Frontier
1485:
1484:
1406:Kingdom of Serbia
1357:
1356:
1349:Catepanate of Ras
1295:Early Middle Ages
1267:Diocese of Moesia
1192:Pannonia Inferior
1004:(1219). It was a
883:Main Gate of the
789:Serbian Patriarch
714:, where he died.
700:battle of Velbužd
692:archbishop Danilo
604:Kingdom of Serbia
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
439:
438:
434:Kingdom of Serbia
282:ā¢ 1355ā1371
270:ā¢ 1346ā1355
244:Absolute monarchy
211:Serbian Orthodoxy
7068:
7061:Christian states
6968:
6961:
6778:National symbols
6691:
6690:
6658:
6657:
6544:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6390:
6389:
6304:
6303:
6292:
6098:
6097:
6074:
6067:
6060:
6051:
6050:
5969:Banate of Bosnia
5907:Byzantine Empire
5788:Crown of Castile
5738:Kingdom of Italy
5713:
5712:
5481:
5480:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5434:
5433:
5233:
5232:
4898:Austro-Hungarian
4598:Chagatai Khanate
3963:
3956:
3949:
3940:
3939:
3930:
3915:
3898:
3877:
3856:
3835:
3811:
3790:
3776:
3762:
3748:
3724:
3705:Nicol, Donald M.
3700:
3681:Nicol, Donald M.
3676:
3657:Nicol, Donald M.
3652:
3636:
3620:
3597:
3583:
3570:
3547:
3533:
3519:
3495:
3482:
3465:
3442:
3425:
3404:
3380:
3359:
3340:Dvornik, Francis
3335:
3312:
3289:
3287:
3263:
3239:
3218:
3192:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3116:DragojloviÄ 1993
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3093:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3023:
3017:
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2747:
2741:
2738:Ostrogorsky 1956
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2585:designated heir
2506:
2491:
2479:
2467:
2455:
2430:
2414:Fojnica Armorial
2405:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2303:Angelino Dulcert
2301:The 1339 map by
2098:
2001:Stefan LazareviÄ
1997:Battle of Kosovo
1897:Serbian Orthodox
1779:banate of Bosnia
1767:
1760:
1753:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1720:
1670:
1669:
1637:Serbia and Banat
1603:
1602:
1500:
1499:
1386:Theme of Sirmium
1372:
1371:
1367:High Middle Ages
1300:
1299:
1272:Diocese of Dacia
1262:Pannonia Secunda
1052:
1042:
1024:
1023:
861:Serbian Emperor
820:Bulgarian Empire
759:Byzantine Empire
723:Byzantine empire
619:Eastern Orthodox
615:Southeast Europe
608:DuŔan the Mighty
597:
592:
588:
587:
581:
580:
553:
552:
539:
538:
525:
524:
517:VojinoviÄ domain
511:
510:
503:DejanoviÄ domain
497:
496:
483:
482:
469:
468:
455:
454:
443:
442:
430:
429:
423:
422:
407:
406:
353:Empire collapses
204:Eastern Orthodox
130:
113:
102:
79:
72:
54:
46:
40:
32:
31:
21:
20:
7076:
7075:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7065:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6971:
6964:
6957:
6940:
6892:
6837:
6787:
6773:Public holidays
6689:
6639:
6618:
6567:
6542:
6494:
6451:Law enforcement
6375:
6293:
6280:
6239:
6145:Moravian Serbia
6087:
6078:
6048:
6039:
5984:Kingdom of Rus'
5942:Crusader states
5899:
5893:
5810:Crown of Aragon
5796:Kingdom of LeĆ³n
5725:Frankish Empire
5718:Northern Europe
5717:
5708:
5698:
5605:
5599:
5486:Northern Europe
5485:
5477:political units
5476:
5474:
5472:
5466:
5461:
5431:
5426:
5415:American Empire
5400:
5396:African empires
5348:
5231:
4923:Central African
4869:
4687:Romano-Germanic
4273:
4007:Middle Assyrian
3980:
3972:
3967:
3923:
3918:
3895:
3874:
3853:
3832:
3808:
3745:
3721:
3697:
3673:
3641:Miller, William
3625:Miller, William
3617:
3581:
3567:
3516:
3462:
3422:
3401:
3377:
3356:
3332:
3309:
3278:(45): 107ā143.
3260:
3236:
3215:
3189:
3163:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3102:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3058:
3054:
3041:
3037:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2908:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2864:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2842:BlagojeviÄ 1993
2840:
2836:
2828:
2824:
2811:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2657:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2607:
2558:
2548:
2535:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2498:
2492:
2483:
2480:
2471:
2468:
2459:
2456:
2447:
2431:
2422:
2409:Attributed arms
2406:
2397:
2394:
2385:
2382:
2373:
2370:
2361:
2358:
2349:
2299:
2279:Alemannic Guard
2261:as cavalry and
2247:
2241:
2235:
2169:
2033:
2027:
2022:
1971:
1961:
1940:Ottoman Turkish
1932:
1813:protector king
1787:Stefan DeÄanski
1771:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1709:1992–2006
1699:1944–1992
1689:1941–1944
1685:Axis occupation
1679:
1678:1918–1941
1667:
1657:
1656:
1651:1882–1918
1641:1849–1860
1631:1848–1849
1621:1815–1882
1611:1804–1815
1600:
1590:
1589:
1584:1788–1791
1580:KoÄa's frontier
1574:1718–1739
1564:1702–1882
1554:1737–1739
1553:
1542:1686–1699
1532:16th–17th
1522:1526–1530
1518:Radoslav Äelnik
1508:1459–1804
1497:
1487:
1486:
1481:1402–1537
1471:1371–1412
1461:1371–1402
1451:1371–1395
1441:1346–1371
1438:
1420:1282–1325
1410:1217–1346
1400:1071–1217
1390:1018–1071
1369:
1359:
1358:
1340:
1297:
1287:
1286:
1232:
1222:
1221:
1217:Dacia Aureliana
1207:Moesia Superior
1177:
1167:
1166:
1127:
1117:
1116:
1087:
1077:
1076:
1062:
1040:
1033:
1022:
973:, whose sister
940:Gulf of Corinth
905:North Macedonia
903:, Zeta, modern
873:Skopje Fortress
855:
753:By 1345, DuŔan
684:Stefan DeÄanski
677:
672:
664:Main articles:
662:
627:Gulf of Corinth
590:
550:
536:
522:
508:
494:
480:
466:
452:
447:Moravian Serbia
427:
376:
358:4 December 1371
355:
342:
329:
316:
283:
271:
195:
191:Common Romanian
155:
151:
121:
120:
119:
114:
103:
95:
94:
83:
80:
73:
55:
48:
41:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7074:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7026:Former empires
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
7001:Serbian Empire
6986:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6970:
6969:
6962:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6902:
6900:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6869:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6847:
6845:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6806:Notable people
6803:
6797:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6768:Naming culture
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6697:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6661:
6655:
6649:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6630:Shopping malls
6626:
6624:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6575:
6573:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6558:Stock Exchange
6555:
6550:
6545:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6525:
6519:
6517:
6506:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6481:
6480:
6470:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6453:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6432:Prime Minister
6429:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6398:
6396:
6387:
6381:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6341:Extreme points
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6209:NediÄ's regime
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6157:Ottoman period
6154:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6117:
6112:
6106:
6104:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6077:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6054:
6045:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6010:
5995:Rus' Khaganate
5991:
5976:
5965:
5939:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5886:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5834:
5829:
5807:
5785:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5651:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5551:
5546:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5478:
5468:
5467:
5460:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5437:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5324:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5197:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5180:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5006:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4962:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4810:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4281:
4279:Post-classical
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4078:Middle Kingdom
4075:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4034:Neo-Babylonian
4031:
4026:
4024:Old Babylonian
4016:
4015:
4014:
4009:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3933:Serbian Empire
3922:
3921:External links
3919:
3917:
3916:
3899:
3893:
3878:
3872:
3857:
3851:
3836:
3830:
3812:
3806:
3791:
3777:
3763:
3749:
3743:
3725:
3719:
3701:
3695:
3677:
3671:
3653:
3637:
3621:
3615:
3598:
3588:(45): 97ā106.
3571:
3565:
3548:
3534:
3520:
3514:
3502:, ed. (1995).
3496:
3483:
3466:
3460:
3443:
3426:
3420:
3405:
3399:
3381:
3375:
3360:
3354:
3336:
3330:
3313:
3307:
3290:
3268:ÄirkoviÄ, Sima
3264:
3258:
3244:ÄirkoviÄ, Sima
3240:
3234:
3219:
3213:
3193:
3187:
3171:, ed. (2005).
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3105:on 2013-05-21.
3096:BaŔtina, no. 8
3079:
3072:
3052:
3035:
3018:
3009:
2997:
2980:
2968:
2956:
2944:
2940:Sophoulis 2020
2932:
2920:
2906:
2894:
2882:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2822:
2805:
2793:
2791:, p. 274.
2781:
2779:, p. 272.
2769:
2762:
2742:
2740:, p. 468.
2730:
2718:
2716:, p. 309.
2703:
2691:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2570:
2563:
2562:
2547:
2544:
2534:
2531:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2501:
2499:
2496:Gustav Droysen
2493:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2450:
2448:
2432:
2425:
2423:
2407:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2298:
2297:State insignia
2295:
2234:
2231:
2180:ancient Roman
2168:
2165:
2129:Constantinople
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:Administration
2018:
2007:, and in 1458
1960:
1957:
1931:
1928:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1247:Dacia Ripensis
1244:
1239:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1021:
1018:
971:Ivan Alexander
917:Fourth Crusade
854:
851:
843:Ivan Alexander
827:Ivan Alexander
676:
673:
661:
658:
585:Srpsko carstvo
579:Š”ŃŠæŃŠŗŠ¾ ŃŠ°ŃŃŃŠ²Š¾
569:Serbian Empire
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
547:
541:
540:
533:
527:
526:
519:
513:
512:
505:
499:
498:
491:
485:
484:
477:
471:
470:
463:
457:
456:
449:
440:
437:
436:
431:
419:
418:
413:
403:
402:
397:
391:
390:
388:Serbian perper
385:
381:
380:
377:
374:
371:
370:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
350:
347:
346:
343:
337:
334:
333:
330:
324:
321:
320:
317:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
298:
297:Historical era
294:
293:
290:
289:
284:
281:
278:
277:
272:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
247:
246:
241:
235:
234:
225:
219:
218:
201:
197:
196:
194:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
166:
164:
160:
159:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
123:
122:
108:
104:
97:
96:
81:
74:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
57:
56:
44:Srpsko carstvo
30:Š”ŃŠæŃŠŗŠ¾ ŃŠ°ŃŃŃŠ²Š¾
27:
25:Serbian Empire
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7073:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6996:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6967:
6963:
6960:
6956:
6955:
6951:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6906:
6905:Federations:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6895:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6873:Protestantism
6871:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6621:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6570:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6528:National Bank
6526:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6501:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6474:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6461:General Staff
6459:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6382:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6291:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6242:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6229:
6226:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6075:
6070:
6068:
6063:
6061:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5940:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5900:and Near East
5896:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5714:
5711:
5705:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:and Near East
5602:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5479:
5469:
5465:
5458:
5453:
5451:
5446:
5444:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5421:
5420:Soviet empire
5418:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5405:Miscellaneous
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5004:German Empire
5002:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4744:Turco-Persian
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4276:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3894:9780884021377
3890:
3886:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3873:9783030559052
3869:
3865:
3864:
3858:
3854:
3852:9780295800646
3848:
3844:
3843:
3837:
3833:
3831:9788675830153
3827:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3807:9780815624448
3803:
3799:
3798:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3753:Orbini, Mauro
3750:
3746:
3744:9780351176449
3740:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3720:9780521522014
3716:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3696:9780521439916
3692:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3672:9780521261906
3668:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3616:9788675830153
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3566:9788675830153
3562:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3515:9781870732314
3511:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3461:9788677431259
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3441:(2): 105ā117.
3440:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3421:9781899828340
3417:
3413:
3412:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3376:9781850439776
3372:
3368:
3367:
3361:
3357:
3355:9780813507996
3351:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3331:9788675830153
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3308:9788675830153
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3259:9781405142915
3255:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3235:9788685869839
3231:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3214:9788675830153
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3188:9782825119587
3184:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3153:
3152:ÄirkoviÄ 2004
3148:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3117:
3112:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3073:9788675490470
3069:
3065:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3030:
3022:
3013:
3006:
3005:ÄirkoviÄ 2004
3001:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2977:
2976:ÄirkoviÄ 2004
2972:
2965:
2960:
2953:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2928:ÄirkoviÄ 2004
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2890:ÄirkoviÄ 2004
2886:
2879:
2874:
2867:
2866:ÄirkoviÄ 2004
2862:
2855:
2850:
2843:
2838:
2831:
2830:ÄirkoviÄ 2004
2826:
2818:
2817:
2809:
2803:, p. 75.
2802:
2801:ÄirkoviÄ 2004
2797:
2790:
2785:
2778:
2773:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2700:
2699:ÄirkoviÄ 2004
2695:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2671:
2664:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:Stefan UroÅ” V
2571:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2540:
2530:
2527:
2505:
2500:
2497:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2380:
2375:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2182:Via Militaris
2177:
2175:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:Zakonopravilo
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:transplanting
2072:
2071:Byzantine law
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1970:
1969:Stefan UroÅ” V
1966:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1936:Stefan UroÅ” V
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1912:Palman Bracht
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1732:
1731:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1376:Duklja (Zeta)
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:around 600 AD
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
994:Byzantine law
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
890:
886:
881:
874:
870:
864:
859:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
825:
821:
817:
816:Serbian lands
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
675:Establishment
671:
667:
657:
655:
651:
646:
644:
643:UroÅ” the Weak
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
596:
586:
574:
570:
548:
546:
543:
542:
534:
532:
529:
528:
520:
518:
515:
514:
506:
504:
501:
500:
492:
490:
487:
486:
478:
476:
473:
472:
464:
462:
459:
458:
450:
448:
445:
444:
441:
435:
432:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
404:
401:
398:
396:
395:ISO 3166 code
392:
389:
386:
382:
378:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
354:
348:
344:
341:
335:
331:
328:
322:
319:16 April 1346
318:
315:
309:
305:
302:
299:
295:
291:
288:
287:Stefan UroÅ” V
285:
279:
276:
273:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
248:
245:
242:
240:
236:
233:
229:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
202:
198:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
124:
117:
116:Imperial arms
112:
107:
101:
93:
90:) of emperor
89:
88:
78:
71:
63:
58:
52:
45:
38:
22:
19:
6851:Christianity
6831:Sportspeople
6793:Demographics
6703:Architecture
6635:Supermarkets
6439:Human rights
6407:Constitution
6184:Principality
6139:
6125:Principality
6025:
6014:Principality
5748:Papal States
5473:histories of
5171:Contemporary
5021:Indo-Persian
5009:Nazi Germany
4953:Contemporary
4855:Vijayanagara
4754:Great Seljuk
4703:
4665:Thessalonica
4593:Golden Horde
4233:Carthaginian
4012:Neo-Assyrian
3997:Neo-Sumerian
3911:
3907:
3883:
3862:
3841:
3820:
3796:
3785:
3771:
3767:ŠŃŠ±ŠøŠ½, ŠŠ°Š²ŃŠ¾
3757:
3733:
3709:
3685:
3661:
3648:
3632:
3606:
3585:
3556:
3542:
3528:
3504:
3491:
3478:
3474:
3451:
3438:
3434:
3410:
3389:
3365:
3344:
3321:
3298:
3275:
3248:
3224:
3204:
3178:
3173:
3147:
3135:
3123:
3111:
3100:the original
3095:
3082:
3062:
3055:
3045:
3038:
3028:
3021:
3012:
3000:
2990:
2983:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2909:
2897:
2885:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2815:
2808:
2796:
2784:
2772:
2752:
2745:
2733:
2721:
2694:
2682:
2675:Dvornik 1962
2670:
2658:
2643:
2638:
2629:
2596:
2587:Prince Marko
2575:(1355ā1371)
2567:Stefan DuŔan
2536:
2526:Latin Church
2523:
2441:
2438:Stefan DuŔan
2412:
2330:
2310:
2300:
2287:Serbian Army
2256:
2223:golden dinar
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2190:Via de Zenta
2178:
2170:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2125:
2086:
2083:constitution
2073:. The legal
2063:constitution
2051:DuŔan's Code
2049:
2045:
2040:DuŔan's Code
2031:DuŔan's Code
1980:
1933:
1924:Nikola Banic
1908:ÄuraÅ” IlijiÄ
1893:
1853:
1837:
1818:
1776:
1516: /
1495:Early Modern
1428:
1304:White Serbia
1257:Praevalitana
1237:Moesia Prima
998:constitution
986:DuŔan's Code
983:
966:. Bulgarian
944:Adriatic Sea
929:
894:
863:Stefan DuŔan
815:
811:
798:Simeon, and
792:Joanikije II
770:
754:
752:
747:Thessalonica
716:
680:Stefan DuŔan
678:
670:Stefan DuŔan
647:
612:
568:
566:
416:Succeeded by
415:
410:
375:ā¢ Total
314:Stefan DuŔan
275:Stefan DuŔan
207:Christianity
85:
18:
6675:Health care
6579:Agriculture
6256:Demographic
6120:Middle Ages
6115:Roman times
6110:Prehistoric
5980:Kievan Rus'
5716:Western and
5709:territories
5633:Czech lands
5484:Western and
4759:Khwarezmian
4692:Carolingian
4497:Rashtrakuta
4201:Shaishunaga
4100:Hellenistic
4083:New Kingdom
4073:Old Kingdom
3500:IviÄ, Pavle
2902:KrstiÄ 1993
2569:(1346ā1355)
2341:Mount Athos
2186:Via Egnatia
2115:, based on
2107:, based on
1895:conquests,
1842:and 30,000
1781:, ruled by
1719:2006–
1514:Jovan Nenad
1175:Early Roman
1092:Paleolithic
1039:History of
942:, from the
810:crowned as
688:Simeon UroÅ”
411:Preceded by
332:31 May 1349
301:Middle Ages
118:(alternate)
6995:Categories
6909:Basketball
6816:Architects
6753:Literature
6584:Automotive
6548:Healthcare
6543:(currency)
6422:Government
6394:Governance
6371:Waterfalls
6194:Since 1918
5875:Almoravids
5863:al-Andalus
5836:Portugal (
5679:Anatolia (
5329:Portuguese
5210:Revival Le
5200:Vietnamese
4843:Later Tran
4813:Vietnamese
4709:Singhasari
4697:Holy Roman
4321:Bulgarian
4257:Satavahana
4228:Phoenician
4164:Achaemenid
4125:Indo-Greek
4105:Macedonian
4019:Babylonian
3481:: 377ā393.
3400:0472082604
3140:KoraÄ 1993
3128:ÄuriÄ 1993
2652:0850458331
2622:References
2546:Government
2243:See also:
2218:hyperpyron
2101:Saint Sava
1467:Vuk's Land
1330:Narentines
1230:Late Roman
1137:Autariatae
1107:Bronze Age
1097:Mesolithic
1085:Prehistory
1060:By century
956:Adrianople
755:the Mighty
708:Nerodimlje
591:pronounced
239:Government
223:Demonym(s)
172:(official)
6861:Patriarch
6826:Musicians
6821:Inventors
6801:Languages
6728:Education
6670:Education
6614:Transport
6589:Companies
6553:Insurance
6533:governors
6478:President
6427:President
6412:Elections
6366:Mountains
6299:Geography
6150:Despotate
6034:Despotate
5978:Ukraine (
5962:Jerusalem
5926:Croatia (
5681:Byzantine
5653:Hungary (
5644:Byzantine
5543:1169ā1536
5322:Couronian
4960:Ethiopian
4948:Manchukuo
4903:Brazilian
4749:Ghaznavid
4719:Srivijaya
4670:Trebizond
4655:Byzantine
4637:North Sea
4632:Norwegian
4620:Almoravid
4603:Ilkhanate
4573:Majapahit
4546:Muromachi
4455:Solomonic
4440:Ethiopian
4354:Caliphate
4287:Aragonese
4115:Ptolemaic
3731:(1974) .
3683:(1993) .
3659:(1984) .
3643:(1923b).
3627:(1923a).
3586:Balcanica
3387:(1994) .
3276:Balcanica
3270:(2014) .
3249:The Serbs
2964:Fine 1994
2878:Fine 1994
2854:Fine 1994
2789:Fine 1994
2777:Fine 1994
2726:Fine 1994
2714:Fine 1994
2687:Fine 1994
2578:co-ruler
2440:from the
2283:Jerusalem
2267:mercenary
2263:Spaniards
2113:Canon law
2109:Roman Law
2105:Civil law
2042:from 1349
1900:monastery
1869:Venetians
1811:Hungarian
1799:Dubrovnik
1326:Zachlumia
1182:Illyricum
1157:Scordisci
1132:Illyrians
1125:Pre-Roman
1102:Neolithic
1010:Canon law
964:Macedonia
925:Macedonia
907:, modern
839:Bulgarian
829:, as the
781:Bulgarian
717:In 1333,
200:Religion
186:Bulgarian
87:divellion
60:1346ā1371
6975:Category
6936:Olympics
6931:Football
6919:Handball
6914:Football
6878:Hinduism
6843:Religion
6743:Heritage
6738:Identity
6733:Folklore
6685:Religion
6599:Forestry
6572:Industry
6563:Taxation
6485:Politics
6456:Military
6385:Politics
6266:Military
6251:Capitals
6244:By topic
6102:Timeline
6085:articles
6030:Lordship
6012:Serbia (
5993:Russia (
5932:Pannonia
5928:Dalmatia
5879:Almohads
5707:Medieval
5642:Greece (
5554:Scotland
5539:800ā1169
5471:Medieval
5302:Japanese
5265:Scottish
5245:American
5237:Colonial
5166:Imperial
5134:Moroccan
5070:Japanese
5048:Afsharid
4907:Burmese
4893:Austrian
4848:Later Le
4823:Early Le
4808:Venetian
4734:Tiwanaku
4647:Hellenic
4610:Moroccan
4541:Kamakura
4531:Japanese
4514:Saffarid
4467:Georgian
4381:Chalukya
4359:Rashidun
4349:Calakmul
4317:Bruneian
4196:Haryanka
4174:Sasanian
4169:Parthian
4120:Bactrian
4110:Seleucid
4090:Goguryeo
4068:Egyptian
4002:Assyrian
3992:Akkadian
3983:Colonies
3914:: 69ā89.
3783:(1956).
3769:(1968).
3755:(1601).
3707:(1996).
3577:(2014).
3540:(1918).
3526:(1911).
3435:Banatica
3342:(1962).
3246:(2004).
3199:(1993).
2916:pp. 7ā22
2605:See also
2539:St. Sava
2520:Religion
2332:divelion
2323:Hilandar
2233:Military
2155:kefalija
2146:paroikoi
2137:frontier
2079:Basilika
1857:Dalmatia
1840:infantry
1829:Travunia
1815:Louis I.
1552:1690 and
1322:Travunia
1252:Dardania
1197:Dalmatia
1187:Pannonia
1147:Triballi
1112:Iron Age
1030:a series
1028:Part of
952:Bulgaria
932:Salonica
921:Thessaly
885:Fortress
800:Nicholas
779:(former
743:Kastoria
600:medieval
598:) was a
545:Thessaly
384:Currency
215:official
181:Albanian
6959:Outline
6888:Judaism
6723:Cuisine
6695:Culture
6653:Society
6609:Tourism
6523:Banking
6516:Finance
6504:Economy
6356:Islands
6336:Geology
6321:Regions
6316:Climate
6189:Kingdom
6135:Kingdom
6093:History
6022:Kingdom
5954:Antioch
5950:Tripoli
5693:Ottoman
5670:Romania
5648:Ottoman
5638:Georgia
5628:Croatia
5618:Armenia
5613:Albania
5535:400ā800
5531:Ireland
5526:Germany
5503:England
5498:Denmark
5493:Corsica
5475:current
5369:largest
5364:Empires
5344:Swedish
5339:Spanish
5334:Russian
5297:Italian
5272:Chinese
5260:English
5255:British
5250:Belgian
5225:Vietnam
5215:Tay son
5161:Tsarist
5156:Russian
5151:Ottoman
5117:Dzungar
5112:Khoshut
5085:Mexican
5080:Maratha
5063:Pahlavi
5043:Safavid
5038:Iranian
4965:Haitian
4928:Chinese
4888:Ashanti
4860:Wagadou
4786:Eastern
4781:Western
4764:Timurid
4724:Tibetan
4714:Songhai
4704:Serbian
4625:Almohad
4615:Idrisid
4519:Samanid
4509:Tahirid
4504:Iranian
4482:Kannauj
4462:Genoese
4398:Chinese
4391:Eastern
4386:Western
4374:Fatimid
4369:Abbasid
4364:Umayyad
4337:Burmese
4297:Ayyubid
4292:Angevin
4262:Xianbei
4250:Eastern
4245:Western
4191:Magadha
4154:Iranian
4147:Xiongnu
4132:Hittite
4041:Chinese
4029:Kassite
3978:Ancient
3970:Empires
3161:Sources
2515:Culture
2347:Gallery
2327:triband
2307:Skoplje
2291:hussars
2271:knights
2259:Germans
2167:Economy
2160:kephale
2093:Serbian
1986:at the
1984:VukaŔin
1920:Skradin
1873:Sibenik
1865:Croatia
1849:Bobovac
1844:cavalry
1825:Neretva
1807:Stephen
1795:Krajina
1721:present
1162:Dacians
1142:Dardani
948:Maritsa
946:to the
938:to the
909:Albania
889:Prizren
761:or the
731:Syrgian
660:History
654:Emperor
637:to the
573:Serbian
351:ā¢
338:ā¢
325:ā¢
251:Emperor
228:Serbian
170:Serbian
149:Prizren
145:Capital
51:Serbian
37:Serbian
6980:Portal
6811:Actors
6713:Cinema
6680:People
6623:Retail
6594:Energy
6331:Swamps
6326:Rivers
6276:Postal
6271:Origin
6140:Empire
6083:
6081:Serbia
6026:Empire
6007:Moscow
6003:Ryazan
5958:Edessa
5946:Cyprus
5920:Second
5838:County
5685:Seljuk
5675:Serbia
5665:Poland
5577:Sweden
5521:France
5307:Mongol
5292:German
5287:French
5277:Danish
5220:Dainam
5195:Tongan
5183:Somali
5178:Sokoto
5144:'Alawi
5122:Kalmyk
5102:Mongol
5095:Second
5075:Korean
5026:Mughal
5016:Indian
4999:German
4992:Second
4982:French
4975:Second
4911:Second
4883:Afghan
4875:Modern
4801:Kyrgyz
4796:Uighur
4791:Second
4771:Turkic
4739:Toltec
4675:Epirus
4660:Nicaea
4583:Mongol
4536:Yamato
4472:Huetar
4330:Second
4267:Rouran
4216:Shunga
4211:Maurya
4186:Kushan
4159:Median
4137:Hunnic
4095:Harsha
3891:
3870:
3849:
3828:
3804:
3741:
3717:
3693:
3669:
3613:
3563:
3512:
3458:
3418:
3397:
3373:
3352:
3328:
3305:
3256:
3232:
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3185:
3070:
2918:; p. 5
2760:
2650:
2275:Palman
2221:. The
2212:perper
2206:dinars
2198:Saxons
2174:Ragusa
2059:Serres
2055:Skopje
2009:Athens
1948:Balkan
1889:Edessa
1877:Trogir
1803:Cetina
1429:Empire
1338:Bosnia
1318:Duklja
1202:Moesia
1041:Serbia
1032:on the
975:Helena
936:Danube
913:Greece
901:Kosovo
847:Helena
802:, the
794:, the
777:Skopje
767:Serres
739:Prilep
712:ZveÄan
631:Skopje
623:Danube
260:
157:Serres
153:Skopje
139:Empire
135:Status
47:
33:
6966:Index
6898:Sport
6883:Islam
6763:Media
6758:Music
6718:Clans
6665:Crime
6540:Dinar
6361:Lakes
6351:Fauna
6346:Flora
6311:Caves
5915:First
5871:Taifa
5586:Early
5582:Wales
5572:Spain
5558:Early
5549:Italy
5507:Early
5357:Lists
5312:Omani
5282:Dutch
5188:Isaaq
5139:Saadi
5107:Oirat
5090:First
5058:Qajar
4987:First
4970:First
4943:China
4916:Third
4776:First
4729:Tikal
4680:Morea
4650:Roman
4568:Latin
4563:Khmer
4558:Kanem
4524:Buyid
4450:Zagwe
4445:Aksum
4435:Chola
4342:First
4325:First
4312:Bornu
4307:Benin
4302:Aztec
4240:Roman
4221:Gupta
4206:Nanda
4142:White
3582:(PDF)
3177:[
3103:(PDF)
3092:(PDF)
2315:hoist
2311:Skopi
2151:župan
2141:sebri
2133:župas
2067:Roman
1885:Veria
1833:Kotor
1334:RaŔka
1212:Dacia
1152:Moesi
1006:Civil
990:Roman
841:tsar
735:Ohrid
719:DuŔan
368:Area
176:Greek
92:DuŔan
6444:LGBT
6261:LGBT
5840:and
5691:and
5657:and
5646:and
5594:Late
5590:High
5566:Late
5562:High
5515:Late
5511:High
5127:Bogd
5053:Zand
5031:Sikh
4938:Qing
4933:Ming
4865:Wari
4833:Tran
4818:Dinh
4588:Yuan
4578:Mali
4487:Pala
4477:Inca
4428:Yuan
4418:Song
4413:Liao
4408:Tang
4181:Kush
4063:DŹæmt
3889:ISBN
3868:ISBN
3847:ISBN
3826:ISBN
3802:ISBN
3739:ISBN
3715:ISBN
3691:ISBN
3667:ISBN
3611:ISBN
3561:ISBN
3510:ISBN
3456:ISBN
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3326:ISBN
3303:ISBN
3254:ISBN
3230:ISBN
3209:ISBN
3183:ISBN
3068:ISBN
2758:ISBN
2648:ISBN
2554:and
2111:and
1967:and
1944:Asia
1918:and
1916:Klis
1910:and
1904:Krka
1887:and
1875:and
1793:and
1434:Fall
1072:10th
1008:and
968:tsar
824:tsar
822:and
808:UroÅ”
772:Tsar
741:and
704:Zeta
668:and
567:The
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6708:Art
5873:,
5689:Rum
5205:Mac
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4551:Edo
4423:JÄ«n
4403:Sui
4056:Jin
4051:Han
4046:Qin
3590:doi
3280:doi
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2227:tax
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1791:Hum
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