2071:
945:
regardless of the economic situation in the country or resource scarcity, are required to ensure respect for minimum subsistence rights for all. State parties must also ensure that available resources are accessed and used equitably. Therefore, government decisions on how to allocate resources should be subject to scrutiny. Legislative measures alone are not sufficient to ensure compliance with the ICESCR and state parties are expected to provide judicial remedies in addition to taking administrative, financial, educational and social measures.
560:
964:. International enforcement mechanisms are strongest for civil and political rights, and their violation is considered more serious than that of economic, social and cultural rights. There are few international NGOs that focus on economic, social and cultural rights and there are few lawyers who have the knowledge or experience to defend economic, social and cultural rights at a national or international level. Economic, social and cultural rights are less likely than civil and political rights to be protected in national constitutions.
1113:
863:, not rights. Sweden, Finland, and Denmark, for example, adhere to a comparatively robust welfare effort, built primarily through social democratic parties and trade union mobilisation, without relying on judicial review of socio-economic rights. Nonetheless, majoritarian political arenas such as parliaments and trade union structures may remain unresponsive to minorities. The gains won through litigation, modest though they may be, can nonetheless be of value for those who benefit from them.
979:
monitoring, with the networks of UNESCO National
Commissions and academic partners mobilized in countries to ensure implementation and monitoring at country level. For the other major international human rights conventions mentioned above there are various other treaty bodies to ensure some monitoring of implementation. And each may transmit to the Human Rights Council reports of individual cases when a state is the subject of a Universal Periodic Review.
56:
1862:
960:(NGOs) have persistently neglected economic, social and cultural rights over the past 50 years. While all human rights are said to be "equal, indivisible, interrelated, and interdependent", the monitoring, enforcement and implementation framework for economic, social and cultural rights is less advanced than that for
939:
State parties to the ICESCR are required to take "progressive action" towards fulfilment of the ICESR rights. While immediate fulfilment may not be possible due to the economic situation of a country, postponement of proactive action is not permitted. State parties must show genuine efforts to secure
785:(ICESCR). The Committee has been central in developing the normative definition of key economic, social and cultural rights, interpreting the role of State Parties to the ICESCR, and monitoring protection and violation of the ICESCR rights. The Committee issues guiding pronouncements in the form of
1659:
Hirschl, Ran and Evan
Rosevear, 'Constitutional Law Meets Comparative Politics: Socio-economic Rights and Political Realities' in Tom Campbell, K. D. Ewing, and Adam Tomkins (eds.), 2011, The Legal Protection of Human Rights: Sceptical Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 207–28, pp. 213,
944:
in relation to economic, social and cultural rights is regarded as having immediate effect. State parties must abolish laws, policies and practices which affect the equal enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights and take action to prevent discrimination in public life. All state parties,
923:
Economic, social and cultural right enshrined in international and regional human rights instruments are legally binding. Member states have a legal obligation to respect, protect and fulfil these rights. The exact nature of states' obligations in this respect has been established principally in
978:
In 2017, for the common global standards in the
Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers relating to the right to science, states agreed at the UNESCO General Conference to adopt four-yearly reporting on implementation, and agreed that UNESCO's Executive Board is competent to manage
709:(ILO) protect a range of work related economic, social and cultural rights. Common global standards were agreed by some 195 states in the Recommendation on Science and Scientific protect and reassert scientific freedoms, the rights of scientists, and rights of
1232:. Currently, human rights advocacy groups are working diligently to fine-tune rules, regulations and implementation schemes; little news of complaint successes or failures is available. The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (
809:
and its sub-commissions, key rapporteurs include the
Special Rapporteur on the Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Adequate Housing, the Special Rapporteur on the Right to
1229:
968:
929:
1104:
on states when they make decisions regarding education and the education system. It offers an internationally agreed normative framework for the standards that states must not fall beneath concerning the education of its
1042:
It is a right; Education is not a privilege or subject to political or charitable whims. It is a human right. It places mandatory demands on duty-bearers (particularly the state, but also parents, children, and other
174:
792:
Other important secondary legal sources on economic, social and cultural rights are the
Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1987 and the
866:
Civil society movements have advanced alternative institutions, norms and practices for constitution-making and making socio-economic rights effective. Participants in recent constitution-making experiments in
1124:
of the individual. The right to education is broad and covers many aspects of education. This means that for the specific areas related to education, states must act within the boundaries permitted under
847:
them, and hence disrupt the democratic chains of accountability of the so-called elected branches. Nonetheless, a growing literature from the Global South has tracked very different judicial responses.
794:
1017:
698:
524:
975:
competence to receive and consider communications from individuals claiming that their rights under the
Covenant have been violated by a state party. The Protocol entered into force on 5 May 2013.
1228:
are working to create online resources and spread information about effective cases, initiatives, and working groups promoting ideals and celebrating victories of human rights initiatives and the
2883:
1669:
Whyte, 2014, 'The
Efficacy of Public Interest Litigation in Ireland' in Maluwa, Tiyanjana (ed.), Law, Politics and Human Rights: Essays in Memory of Kader Asmal. Leiden: Brill, pp. 252–86.
2803:
694:
532:
1284:
are "rights to the meeting of basic needs that are essential for human welfare." Examples of social rights include the right to healthcare and the right to decent working conditions.
1237:
851:
Sympathetic critics argue that socio-economic rights appear 'quite negligible' factors in terms of ensuring overall human development. Contemporary welfare states tend to emphasize
797:
1997. The
Limburg Principles have been extensively used in national legal systems as an interpretive tool for establishing violations of economic, social and cultural rights. The
778:
777:
A range of secondary legal sources exist on economic, social and cultural rights which provide guidance on their normative definition. An important secondary legal source is the
2297:
1010:
925:
782:
615:
528:
516:
1976:“Campaign for the Ratification and Implementation of the Optional Protocol to the ICESCR-Justice NOW! Ratify to protect all Human Rights.” ESCR-Net Newsletter December (2009)
801:
Guidelines build on the
Limburg Principles and identify the legal implications of acts and omissions which are violations of economic, social and cultural rights. Various
940:
the economic, social and cultural rights enshrined in the ICESCR. The burden of proof for progressive action is considered on be with the state party. The prohibition on
2378:
2393:
2383:
2309:
915:
individuals and communities can mobilise both alongside and outside of traditional institutions, act collectively, and advance economic, social and cultural rights.
2828:
2823:
2808:
2373:
536:
655:
248:
2503:
1680:
17:
3004:
843:
Constitutional recognition of economic, social and cultural rights has long been thought to be counterproductive, given that courts might be tasked to
2971:
2833:
2388:
972:
658:, adopted at the same time as the ICESCR, recognizes and protects a number of core economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to join
2818:
2718:
2813:
722:
2878:
1003:
2001:
Karel Vasak, "Human Rights: A Thirty-Year
Struggle: the Sustained Efforts to give Force of law to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights",
1187:
Educational freedom, that is, the freedom of parents to have their children educated in accordance with their religious and moral convictions.
2763:
2753:
2748:
2478:
1929:
2783:
2768:
2703:
2693:
2523:
2398:
677:
recognizes and protects many of the economic, social and cultural rights recognized in the ICESCR in relation to children. Including the
673:
A number of other major international human rights instruments contain provisions relating to economic, social and cultural rights. The
2853:
2638:
2623:
2453:
2438:
1713:
1225:
933:
697:
prohibits discrimination on the basis of racial or ethnic origin in relation to a number of economic, social and cultural rights. The
535:
prohibits discrimination on the basis of racial or ethnic origin in relation to a number of economic, social and cultural rights. The
3351:
2858:
2773:
2653:
2578:
2558:
2553:
2423:
618:(ICESCR) is the primary international legal source of economic, social and cultural rights. The Covenant recognized and protects the
757:, including the right to medical assistance and the right to social welfare services, in Article 12 to 14, protection of especially
3023:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
2873:
2798:
2708:
2663:
2608:
2528:
2488:
2468:
651:
608:
263:
3256:
2925:
2895:
2863:
2848:
2738:
2698:
2683:
2678:
2643:
2593:
2548:
2483:
2463:
2458:
2443:
2428:
2418:
2413:
2403:
631:
600:
481:
3057:
2997:
2843:
2838:
2793:
2743:
2728:
2713:
2673:
2658:
2633:
2598:
2533:
2493:
2473:
2408:
2348:
2109:
1526:
1281:
38:
1879:
2966:
2868:
2788:
2778:
2688:
2648:
2628:
2613:
2603:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2543:
2538:
2518:
2508:
2498:
1990:
1853:
1788:
1737:
1698:
1591:
1561:
1510:
1478:
1024:
674:
580:
520:
512:
1778:
1727:
1581:
1551:
1500:
1468:
2733:
2723:
2588:
2583:
2513:
3384:
3336:
3107:
2433:
1314:
419:
204:
2448:
2250:
1616:
827:
802:
630:
in Article 9, the right to protection of the family, including protection for mothers and children, in Article 10, the
2990:
2961:
2255:
1641:
1379:
1253:
840:
cases). The Supreme Court of India has interpreted Article 21 of the Constitution to contain positive social rights.
706:
113:
445:
2280:
2209:
2199:
953:
789:, and other human rights treaty bodies may also issue comments relevant to economic, social and cultural rights.
80:
70:
3389:
3286:
3042:
2668:
2618:
1126:
957:
2304:
1329:
3326:
2758:
2368:
2214:
1349:
1334:
1273:
823:
493:
85:
1193:
quality education, including setting minimum standards regarding infrastructure and human rights education
3152:
3062:
2956:
2204:
822:
A number of national constitutions recognize economic, social and cultural rights. For example, the 1996
587:
in 1948, is one of the most important sources of economic, social and cultural rights. It recognizes the
231:
226:
75:
769:
protects a range of economic, social and cultural rights within the Inter-American human rights system.
3029:
2102:
1257:
961:
806:
159:
103:
3374:
3316:
888:
836:
394:
2052:
805:
have influenced the normative development of economic, social and cultural rights. Appointed by the
3331:
3296:
3241:
3127:
1294:
766:
754:
682:
627:
588:
548:
3037:
2946:
2343:
1753:
1364:
880:
738:
2070:
519:(ICESCR) is the primary international legal source of economic, social and cultural rights. The
3067:
3052:
2890:
2353:
2292:
2275:
2183:
1953:
1319:
314:
2031:
504:
to respect, protect and fulfil economic, social and cultural rights and are expected to take "
3379:
3187:
3177:
3142:
2951:
2139:
2095:
2039:
1384:
1265:
1171:
Fundamental education for those who have not received all or part of their primary education.
399:
339:
199:
194:
129:
1682:
Contesting Economic and Social Rights in Ireland: Constitution, State and Society, 1848–2016
1435:
1410:
3306:
3266:
3147:
2285:
2134:
1197:
1158:
758:
527:
recognises and protects many of the economic, social and cultural rights recognised in the
438:
374:
258:
169:
154:
149:
139:
670:
to engage in their culture, practice their religion and use their language in Article 27.
8:
3356:
3077:
3072:
3047:
2230:
904:
896:
584:
389:
369:
309:
243:
144:
1080:
It is a key right; Education is instrumental in ensuring all other human rights. It has
3394:
3271:
3197:
3092:
2338:
1354:
1339:
1230:
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1165:
1144:
1032:
969:
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
930:
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
912:
734:
686:
647:
604:
489:
473:
409:
404:
334:
278:
236:
209:
1866:
1256:, economic, social and cultural rights are considered second-generation rights, while
3301:
3261:
3214:
3162:
3087:
2144:
2079:
2027:
1986:
1849:
1843:
1804:
1784:
1733:
1694:
1637:
1612:
1587:
1557:
1506:
1474:
1374:
1309:
1299:
1261:
1151:
879:
have all linked economic and social rights to new institutional arrangements such as
852:
414:
379:
364:
283:
268:
216:
189:
3291:
3207:
3172:
2358:
1805:"Records of the 39th UNESCO General Conference, Resolutions, at 39 C/resolution 85"
1686:
884:
762:
639:
622:
and to just and favorable working conditions in Article 6 and 7, the right to join
596:
500:
in international and regional human rights instruments. Member states have a legal
477:
359:
31:
1120:
These standards define what states must do and avoid doing in order to ensure the
559:
3415:
3369:
3321:
3281:
3182:
3132:
1634:
Social Rights Jurisprudence, Emerging Trends in International and Comparative Law
1344:
1304:
1277:
750:
730:
702:
678:
643:
485:
431:
384:
354:
324:
319:
221:
1905:
3311:
3236:
3192:
2333:
1685:. Cambridge Studies in Law and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1389:
1359:
1324:
1112:
1047:
941:
908:
667:
540:
466:
349:
329:
273:
685:
in Article 25, the right to an adequate standard of living in Article 27, the
3409:
3341:
3276:
3157:
1690:
1369:
1269:
742:
741:
protects a wide range of economic, social and cultural rights, including the
726:
650:
in Article 13, as well as the right to participate in cultural life and the
635:
619:
592:
344:
134:
3251:
3246:
3137:
3014:
2982:
2173:
2129:
2118:
2075:
2023:
1906:"Refworld | International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"
1157:
Available and accessible, free education at the secondary level, including
1067:
991:
844:
795:
Maastricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
746:
690:
689:
in Article 28, and the right to protection from economic exploitation (see
663:
659:
623:
469:
293:
288:
253:
184:
179:
164:
94:
1018:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
699:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
525:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
3117:
2905:
2178:
2168:
1609:
The Future of Economic and Social Rights (Globalization and Human Rights)
1249:
1106:
1055:
860:
856:
1985:
K. Hassine, Regularizing Property Rights in Kosovo and Elsewhere, 2010,
3122:
1209:
1190:
The freedom of individuals and organizations to set-up private schools.
1101:
1074:
948:
798:
568:
544:
501:
497:
701:
affirms a range of economic, social and cultural rights to women. The
554:
3102:
2930:
1133:
987:
811:
571:
in a number of international and regional human rights instruments.
551:
relating to full enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights.
515:
recognises a number of economic, social and cultural rights and the
3364:
3202:
2363:
1093:
1081:
710:
695:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
533:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2084:, 276, UNESCO, Right to Education Initiative (UK), UNESCO. UNESCO.
55:
3167:
3112:
3097:
3082:
2920:
2915:
2007:
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
1865:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
1181:
1121:
1089:
900:
892:
887:
as well as to new norms and discourses, notably those concerning
876:
872:
868:
1861:
779:
United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
2900:
2087:
2006:
1085:
1073:
It is high priority; Education is a key priority of the state.
995:
47:
1038:
Education as a human right has the following characteristics:
1011:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
926:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
783:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
616:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
517:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1233:
1164:
Accessible (on the basis of capacity), free education at the
1063:
1059:
1051:
1046:
It is universal; Everyone has the right to education without
1035:
places the individual at the centre of education frameworks.
749:
and to take collective labour action in Article 1 to 10, the
1780:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1729:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1583:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1553:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1502:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
1470:
Economic, social and cultural rights: a legal resource guide
2910:
496:. Economic, social and cultural rights are recognised and
30:"Economic rights" redirects here. Not to be confused with
967:
In 2008, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the
574:
2078:
work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from
1272:, are considered first-generation rights. The theory of
814:, and the Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women.
567:
Economic, social and cultural rights are recognized and
1880:"UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education"
1732:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xvi–xvii.
37:"Social rights" redirects here. For another sense, see
1527:"Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers"
826:
includes economic, social and cultural rights and the
745:, to favourable working conditions, the right to join
1776:
1725:
1579:
1556:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xv–xvi.
1549:
1498:
1466:
1077:
to ensure the right to education cannot be dismissed.
537:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
949:
Monitoring, enforcement and implementation framework
716:
656:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1783:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xiii.
626:and take collective labor action in Article 8, the
555:
International and regional human rights instruments
3375:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
2884:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
1586:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xvi.
1473:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xiv.
2972:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1867:Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)
1505:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. xv.
1174:Maintenance of an education system at all levels.
973:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
3407:
1904:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for.
713:subjects, and the right of everyone to science.
1954:"OHCHR | Convention on the Rights of the Child"
1276:considers economic, social and cultural rights
1215:Transparent and accountable education systems.
1004:Convention against Discrimination in Education
830:has heard claims under these obligations (see
781:which is overseeing the implementation of the
761:are enshrined in Article 15 to 17 and 19, and
2998:
2103:
1184:, their status, and their working conditions.
982:
439:
3012:
2074: This article incorporates text from a
1754:"Convention on the Rights of the Child text"
723:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
3043:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
2021:
1205:academic freedom at all levels of education
3005:
2991:
2110:
2096:
1714:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
934:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
772:
446:
432:
911:' campaigns have demonstrated how highly
817:
1631:
1111:
932:has been established in accordance with
652:right to benefits of science and culture
609:right to benefits of science and culture
558:
3257:Right to an adequate standard of living
2804:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1777:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1726:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1580:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1575:
1573:
1550:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1499:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1467:Leckie, Scott; Gallanger, Anne (2006).
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1411:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
918:
632:right to an adequate standard of living
601:right to an adequate standard of living
531:in relation to children and women. The
482:right to an adequate standard of living
14:
3408:
3058:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
2896:List of human rights abuses by country
2384:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
2349:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
2017:
2015:
1678:
1494:
1492:
1490:
575:International human rights instruments
39:Social rights (social contract theory)
2986:
2967:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2091:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1655:
1653:
1606:
1025:Convention on the Rights of the Child
675:Convention on the Rights of the Child
581:Universal Declaration on Human Rights
521:Convention on the Rights of the Child
513:Universal Declaration on Human Rights
2022:Mantouvalou, Virginia (2010-04-12).
1903:
1570:
1453:
1202:the allocation of adequate resources
1100:The right to education places legal
459:Economic, social and cultural rights
2081:Right to education handbook
2012:
1487:
1315:Human right to water and sanitation
1243:
24:
18:Economic, social and cultural right
2394:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
2256:National human rights institutions
2251:List of human rights organisations
1930:"United Nations Treaty Collection"
1823:
1650:
828:South African Constitutional Court
803:United Nations Special Rapporteurs
25:
3427:
3178:Right to refuse medical treatment
1607:Young, Katharine G., ed. (2019).
1380:Three generations of human rights
1254:three generations of human rights
1208:the settings and contents of the
1177:Provision of a fellowship system.
717:Regional human rights instruments
707:International Labour Organization
2379:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
2117:
2069:
1860:
1238:Housing and Property Directorate
903:, social movements such as the '
662:in Article 22, and the right of
54:
2504:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
2210:Natural rights and legal rights
2200:Claim rights and liberty rights
1995:
1979:
1970:
1946:
1922:
1897:
1872:
1797:
1770:
1746:
1719:
1707:
1672:
1663:
1632:Langford, Malcolm, ed. (2009).
1116:Education as a multiplier right
954:Intergovernmental organisations
563:Women's economic rights in 2011
81:Natural rights and legal rights
71:Claim rights and liberty rights
3390:Sexual and reproductive health
3287:Right to a healthy environment
2374:against Palestinians by Israel
1636:. Cambridge University Press.
1625:
1611:. Cambridge University Press.
1600:
1543:
1519:
1428:
1403:
1236:) has helped to establish the
1150:Free and compulsory universal
1127:international human rights law
958:non-governmental organisations
13:
1:
3307:Right to public participation
1396:
1330:International labour standard
109:Economic, social and cultural
3327:Right to science and culture
2215:Negative and positive rights
2024:"The Case for Social Rights"
1350:Rule according to higher law
1335:Millennium Development Goals
1274:negative and positive rights
883:or technologically-enhanced
824:Constitution of South Africa
508:" towards their fulfilment.
494:right to science and culture
405:Self-determination of people
86:Negative and positive rights
7:
3153:Right to keep and bear arms
3063:Freedom from discrimination
2957:List of human rights awards
2829:in the United Arab Emirates
2205:Individual and group rights
1845:Right to education handbook
1287:
1219:
76:Individual and group rights
27:Socio-economic human rights
10:
3432:
2879:of the Marcos dictatorship
2063:
1258:civil and political rights
1224:Networking groups such as
983:Education as a human right
962:civil and political rights
807:Commission on Human Rights
666:, religious or linguistic
36:
29:
3350:
3317:Right to rest and leisure
3223:
3028:
3021:
2939:
2824:in the State of Palestine
2809:in the Dominican Republic
2389:during the Gaddafi regime
2326:
2271:
2264:
2243:
2223:
2192:
2164:
2153:
2125:
1436:"Women's Economic Rights"
837:Treatment Action Campaign
597:right to rest and leisure
547:including refusal of the
3332:Right to social security
3297:Right to Internet access
3242:Equal pay for equal work
3128:Presumption of innocence
1691:10.1017/cbo9781316652862
1295:Constitutional economics
1147:in the education system.
767:Protocol of San Salvador
755:right to social security
683:right to social security
628:right to social security
589:right to social security
549:reasonable accommodation
63:Theoretical distinctions
3208:right to be a candidate
3038:Equality before the law
2947:History of human rights
2354:Enforced disappearances
2344:Crimes against humanity
1679:Murray, Thomas (2016).
1365:Social protection floor
1143:Non-discrimination and
881:participatory budgeting
773:Secondary legal sources
739:European Social Charter
733:in Article 16, and the
607:in Article 26, and the
583:(UDHR), adopted by the
3068:Freedom of information
3053:Freedom of association
2891:Incitement to genocide
2184:Universal jurisdiction
2047:Cite journal requires
1716:, Part II paragraph 75
1320:Human rights inflation
1240:(HPD/HPCC) in Kosovo.
1140:The aims of education.
1117:
928:(ICESCR), and further
889:ecological stewardship
818:National constitutions
564:
302:Other groups of rights
3380:Intersex human rights
3188:Right of self-defense
3143:Right to a fair trial
2952:List of global issues
1385:Universal health care
1266:right to a fair trial
1198:learning environments
1196:safe and non-violent
1115:
994:in many human rights
693:) in Article 32. The
642:, in Article 11, the
562:
122:Rights by beneficiary
3267:Right to development
3148:Right to family life
3098:Freedom from torture
3083:Freedom from slavery
2834:in the United States
2609:in Jammu and Kashmir
2155:Fundamental concepts
1159:vocational education
1132:The main aspects of
919:State responsibility
895:as well as care and
543:on the basis of the
420:Water and sanitation
3078:Freedom of religion
3073:Freedom of movement
3048:Freedom of assembly
3030:Civil and political
2819:in the Soviet Union
2719:in Papua New Guinea
2369:Human rights abuses
2327:Human rights abuses
2231:Corporal punishment
990:is guaranteed as a
897:social reproduction
765:in Article 31. The
753:in Article 11, the
737:in Article 17. The
729:in Article 15, the
681:in Article 24, the
654:in Article 15. The
646:in Article 12, the
603:in Article 25, the
599:in Article 24, the
595:in Article 23, the
591:in Article 22, the
585:UN General Assembly
539:also prohibits all
104:Civil and political
3395:Right to sexuality
3272:Right to education
3198:Security of person
3093:Freedom of thought
2814:in the Philippines
2339:Crime of apartheid
1884:Equal Rights Trust
1355:Security of person
1340:Right to education
1118:
1109:and non-citizens.
1033:right to education
971:, which gives the
735:right to education
687:right to education
648:right to education
605:right to education
565:
506:progressive action
474:right to education
3403:
3402:
3302:Right to property
3262:Right to clothing
3247:Fair remuneration
3215:Right to homeland
3163:Right to petition
3088:Freedom of speech
2980:
2979:
2962:Three generations
2322:
2321:
2239:
2238:
2026:. Rochester, NY.
1991:978-3-86553-340-1
1855:978-92-3-100305-9
1790:978-0-8122-3916-4
1739:978-0-8122-3916-4
1700:978-1-107-15535-0
1593:978-0-8122-3916-4
1563:978-0-8122-3916-4
1531:portal.unesco.org
1512:978-0-8122-3916-4
1480:978-0-8122-3916-4
1440:Our World in Data
1375:Social safety net
1310:Economic security
1300:Constitutionalism
1262:freedom of speech
1152:primary education
853:decommodification
759:vulnerable groups
456:
455:
114:Three generations
16:(Redirected from
3423:
3292:Right to housing
3226:Economic, social
3173:Right to protest
3168:Right to privacy
3007:
3000:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2734:in Punjab, India
2359:Forced migration
2269:
2268:
2162:
2161:
2157:and philosophies
2112:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2073:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2019:
2010:
2009:, November 1977.
1999:
1993:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1859:
1848:. UNESCO. 2019.
1840:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1496:
1485:
1484:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1407:
1244:Theory of rights
1180:The training of
1050:. This includes
924:relation to the
885:direct democracy
787:general comments
763:right to housing
640:right to housing
634:, including the
478:right to housing
448:
441:
434:
395:Rest and leisure
58:
44:
43:
32:Economic freedom
21:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3370:Family planning
3355:
3346:
3322:Right of return
3282:Right to health
3230:
3227:
3219:
3183:Right to resist
3133:Right of asylum
3024:
3017:
3011:
2981:
2976:
2935:
2764:in South Africa
2754:in Sierra Leone
2749:in Saudi Arabia
2479:in Burkina Faso
2434:in Azad Kashmir
2318:
2260:
2235:
2219:
2188:
2158:
2156:
2149:
2140:Intersex people
2121:
2116:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2020:
2013:
2000:
1996:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1936:
1934:treaties.un.org
1928:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1912:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1856:
1842:
1841:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1497:
1488:
1481:
1465:
1454:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1345:Right to health
1305:Cultural rights
1290:
1278:positive rights
1246:
1222:
1013:(1966, ICESCR).
985:
951:
921:
857:general welfare
820:
775:
751:right to health
731:right to health
719:
703:ILO Conventions
679:right to health
644:right to health
611:in Article 27.
577:
557:
490:victims' rights
486:right to health
452:
325:Civil liberties
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3429:
3419:
3418:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3337:Right to water
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:Right of reply
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3237:Digital rights
3233:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3193:Right to truth
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2784:in Switzerland
2781:
2776:
2771:
2769:in South Korea
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2704:in North Korea
2701:
2696:
2694:in New Zealand
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2639:in Kyrgyzstan‎
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:in El Salvador
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:in Balochistan
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:in Afghanistan
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:Atrocity crime
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2049:|journal=
2011:
2005:30:11, Paris:
2003:UNESCO Courier
1994:
1978:
1969:
1945:
1921:
1896:
1871:
1854:
1822:
1796:
1789:
1769:
1758:www.unicef.org
1745:
1738:
1718:
1706:
1699:
1671:
1662:
1649:
1642:
1624:
1618:978-1108418133
1617:
1599:
1592:
1569:
1562:
1542:
1518:
1511:
1486:
1479:
1452:
1427:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1390:Welfare rights
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:Social pension
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1325:Human security
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1245:
1242:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:tertiary level
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1098:
1097:
1078:
1071:
1048:discrimination
1044:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1020:(1979, CEDAW).
1014:
1007:
984:
981:
950:
947:
942:discrimination
920:
917:
909:Repeal the 8th
819:
816:
774:
771:
718:
715:
576:
573:
556:
553:
541:discrimination
472:, such as the
467:socio-economic
454:
453:
451:
450:
443:
436:
428:
425:
424:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
350:Free migration
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
304:
303:
299:
298:
297:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
240:
239:
234:
224:
219:
214:
213:
212:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
124:
123:
119:
118:
117:
116:
111:
106:
98:
97:
91:
90:
89:
88:
83:
78:
73:
65:
64:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3428:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3342:Right to work
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:Right to food
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3158:Right to life
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:in Uzbekistan
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:in the Russia
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:in Kazakhstan
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:in Bangladesh
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:in Azerbaijan
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:South America
2303:
2301:
2299:
2298:North America
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2267:
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2244:Organizations
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2025:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1973:
1959:
1958:www.ohchr.org
1955:
1949:
1935:
1931:
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1370:Social rights
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1251:
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725:protects the
724:
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620:right to work
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33:
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3357:reproductive
3252:Labor rights
3228:and cultural
3225:
3138:Right to die
3015:human rights
3013:Substantive
2859:in Venezuela
2774:in Sri Lanka
2654:in Lithuania
2579:in Indonesia
2559:in Hong Kong
2554:in Guatemala
2424:in Australia
2414:in Argentina
2265:By continent
2193:Distinctions
2174:Positive law
2119:Human rights
2080:
2076:free content
2040:cite journal
2002:
1997:
1981:
1972:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:
1899:
1888:. Retrieved
1886:. 2009-03-27
1883:
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1808:
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1761:. Retrieved
1757:
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1530:
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1439:
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1417:. 2015-10-06
1414:
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1223:
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1068:older people
1037:
1030:
1027:(1989, CRC).
986:
977:
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850:
842:
835:
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791:
786:
776:
747:trade unions
720:
691:child labour
672:
660:trade unions
624:trade unions
613:
578:
566:
510:
505:
470:human rights
462:
458:
457:
400:Self defense
390:Reproductive
108:
95:Human rights
3385:LGBT rights
3118:Nationality
3108:LGBT rights
2906:Persecution
2874:in Zimbabwe
2799:in Thailand
2709:in Pakistan
2664:in Malaysia
2529:in Ethiopia
2489:in Cambodia
2469:in Botswana
2281:Middle East
2179:Sovereignty
2169:Natural law
1250:Karel Vasak
1102:obligations
1096:dimensions.
1075:Obligations
1056:adolescents
992:human right
905:Right2Water
861:common good
375:Development
315:Association
210:Transgender
3123:Personhood
2931:War crimes
2864:in Vietnam
2849:in Ukraine
2739:in Romania
2699:in Nigeria
2684:in Myanmar
2679:in Morocco
2669:in Manipur
2644:in Lebanon
2619:in Kashmir
2594:in Ireland
2549:in Germany
2484:in Burundi
2464:in Bolivia
2459:in Belarus
2444:in Bahrain
2429:in Austria
2419:in Armenia
2404:in Algeria
1963:2022-03-01
1939:2022-03-01
1915:2022-03-01
1890:2022-03-01
1763:2022-02-28
1536:2019-06-25
1421:2020-09-26
1415:www.un.org
1397:References
1268:, and the
1260:, such as
1210:curriculum
845:adjudicate
799:Maastricht
668:minorities
545:disability
502:obligation
365:Linguistic
340:Fair trial
222:Minorities
190:Indigenous
3103:Legal aid
2844:in Uganda
2839:in Turkey
2794:in Taiwan
2729:in Poland
2714:in Panama
2674:in Mexico
2659:in Malawi
2634:in Kuwait
2599:in Israel
2534:in France
2494:in Canada
2474:in Brazil
2409:in Angola
1134:education
1094:political
988:Education
913:networked
832:Grootboom
812:Education
569:protected
498:protected
410:Sexuality
335:Education
259:Prisoners
150:Creditors
145:Consumers
3410:Category
3365:Abortion
3203:Suffrage
2869:in Yemen
2789:in Syria
2779:in Sudan
2759:in Sindh
2689:in Nepal
2649:in Libya
2629:in Kenya
2614:in Japan
2604:in Italy
2574:in India
2569:in Haiti
2564:in Egypt
2544:in Ghana
2539:in Gabon
2519:in Egypt
2509:in China
2499:in Chile
2364:Genocide
2135:Children
1910:Refworld
1869:license.
1811:. UNESCO
1288:See also
1226:ESCR-Net
1220:Advocacy
1182:teachers
1145:equality
1129:(IHRL).
1107:citizens
1090:cultural
1082:economic
1052:children
1043:actors).
996:treaties
891:and the
859:and the
711:research
638:and the
523:and the
492:and the
380:Property
370:Movement
310:Assembly
274:Students
249:Peasants
244:Patients
195:Intersex
160:Disabled
140:Children
3113:Liberty
2940:Related
2926:Victims
2921:Torture
2916:Slavery
2724:in Peru
2589:in Iraq
2584:in Iran
2514:in Cuba
2310:Oceania
2224:Aspects
2064:Sources
2032:1588220
1445:5 March
1122:dignity
907:' and '
901:Ireland
893:commons
877:Ecuador
873:Bolivia
869:Iceland
705:of the
360:Housing
330:Digital
289:Workers
279:Victims
237:Mothers
232:Fathers
227:Parents
180:Fetuses
175:Farmers
135:Animals
130:Accused
3416:Rights
3352:Sexual
2901:Murder
2293:Europe
2276:Africa
2130:Humans
2030:
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1852:
1815:6 June
1809:UNESCO
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1066:, and
1064:adults
1060:youths
664:ethnic
529:ICESCR
465:) are
415:Speech
385:Repair
355:Health
320:Asylum
269:States
264:Robots
254:Plants
185:Humans
170:Family
165:Elders
48:Rights
2145:Women
1234:COHRE
1136:are:
899:. In
294:Youth
284:Women
200:Kings
2911:Rape
2286:Asia
2053:help
2028:SSRN
1987:ISBN
1850:ISBN
1817:2019
1785:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1660:223.
1638:ISBN
1613:ISBN
1588:ISBN
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1475:ISBN
1447:2020
1031:The
1023:The
1016:The
1009:The
1002:The
956:and
875:and
834:and
721:The
614:The
579:The
511:The
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345:Food
205:LGBT
155:Deaf
3354:and
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