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health and ecosystems. With nearly half of the world's population residing in regions highly susceptible to climate change, the urgency for global actions that are both rapid and sustained is underscored. The importance of integrating diverse knowledge systems, including scientific, Indigenous, and local knowledge, into climate action is highlighted as a means to foster inclusive solutions that address the complexities of climate impacts across different communities.
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1956:
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2049:), pollute the environment, and degrade the living space for humans and nature, resulting in conflict. A particular case of environmental conflicts are forestry conflicts, or forest conflicts which "are broadly viewed as struggles of varying intensity between interest groups, over values and issues related to forest policy and the use of forest resources". In the last decades, a growing number of these have been identified globally.
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lowering fertility rates and lessening the impacts of population growth on GHG emissions and biodiversity loss. These policies make family-planning services available to all people, remove barriers to their access and achieve full gender equity, including primary and secondary education as a global norm for all, especially girls and young women (Bongaarts and O'Neill 2018).
2281:
equitable climate action and underscores the need for a substantial increase in support and resources. The IPCC's analysis suggests that with adequate financial investment and international cooperation, it is possible to embark on a pathway towards resilience and sustainability that benefits all sections of society.
3367:
Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere whenever people burn fossil fuels. Oceans play an important role in keeping the Earth's carbon cycle in balance. As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rises, the oceans absorb a lot of it. In the ocean, carbon dioxide reacts with seawater to form
144:
Environment destruction caused by humans is a global, ongoing problem. Water pollution also cause problems to marine life. Most scholars think that the project peak global world population of between 9-10 billion people, could live sustainably within the earth's ecosystems if human society worked to
2276:
report highlighted the disproportionate effects of climate change on vulnerable populations. The report's findings make it clear that every increment of global warming exacerbates challenges such as extreme heatwaves, heavy rainfall, and other weather extremes, which in turn amplify risks for human
1350:
but also applies broadly to all major human impacts on the environment. Many of the actions taken by humans that contribute to a heated environment stem from the burning of fossil fuel from a variety of sources, such as: electricity, cars, planes, space heating, manufacturing, or the destruction of
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Holder, J., (2004), Environmental
Assessment: The Regulation of Decision Making, Oxford University Press, New York; For a comparative discussion of the elements of various domestic EIA systems, see Christopher Wood Environmental Impact Assessment: A Comparative Review (2 ed, Prentice Hall, Harlow,
3218:
Still increasing by roughly 80 million people per year, or more than 200,000 per day (figure 1a–b), the world population must be stabilized—and, ideally, gradually reduced—within a framework that ensures social integrity. There are proven and effective policies that strengthen human rights while
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In addition, the report points out the critical gap in adaptation finance, noting that developing countries require significantly more resources to effectively adapt to climate challenges than what is currently available. This financial disparity raises questions about the global commitment to
3906:
A new study evaluating models of future climate scenarios has led to the creation of the new risk categories "catastrophic" and "unknown" to characterize the range of threats posed by rapid global warming. Researchers propose that unknown risks imply existential threats to the survival of
2320:. Environmental law is seen as the body of laws concerned with the protection of living things (human beings inclusive) from the harm that human activity may immediately or eventually cause to them or their species, either directly or to the media and the habits on which they depend.
2464:
and varies from country to country. Due to its large membership, varying and strong beliefs, and occasionally speculative nature, the environmental movement is not always united in its goals. At its broadest, the movement includes private citizens, professionals,
2368:, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made". EIAs are unique in that they do not require adherence to a predetermined environmental outcome, but rather they require decision-makers to
2345:
of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. In this context, the term "environmental impact assessment" is usually used when applied to actual projects by individuals or companies and the term
2197:
within rich countries. The movement was later expanded to consider gender, international environmental injustice, and inequalities within marginalized groups. As the movement achieved some success in rich countries, environmental burdens were shifted to the
157:
by the world's wealthiest populations. The UN Environmental
Program, in its "Making Peace With Nature" Report in 2021, found addressing key planetary crises, like pollution, climate change and biodiversity loss, was achievable if parties work to address the
1432:. It is defined as any change or disturbance to the environment perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. The environmental degradation process amplifies the impact of environmental issues which leave lasting impacts on the environment.
2064:, or threats to communities whose livelihoods are dependent on the ocean. Outcomes of local conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks that comprise the global environmental justice movement.
3092:
Wuebbles DJ, Fahey DW, Hibbard KA, DeAngelo B, Doherty S, Hayhoe K, Horton R, Kossin JP, Taylor PC, Waple AM, Weaver CP (2017). "Executive
Summary". In Wuebbles DJ, Fahey DW, Hibbard KA, Dokken DJ, Stewart BC, Maycock TK (eds.).
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frequently confront multi-national corporations in resource extraction or other industries. Local outcomes of these conflicts are increasingly influenced by trans-national environmental justice networks.
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Johnson, D. L.; Ambrose, S. H.; Bassett, T. J.; Bowen, M. L.; Crummey, D. E.; Isaacson, J. S.; Johnson, D. N.; Lamb, P.; Saul, M.; Winter-Nelson, A. E. (1 May 1997). "Meanings of
Environmental Terms".
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Lenton, Timothy M.; Xu, Chi; Abrams, Jesse F.; Ghadiali, Ashish; Loriani, Sina; Sakschewski, Boris; Zimm, Caroline; Ebi, Kristie L.; Dunn, Robert R.; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Scheffer, Marten (2023).
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4714:
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Steffen, Will; Sanderson, Regina
Angelina; Tyson, Peter D.; Jäger, Jill; Matson, Pamela A.; Moore III, Berrien; Oldfield, Frank; Richardson, Katherine; Schellnhuber, Hans-Joachim (January 27, 2006).
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the neoliberal paradigm contributes significantly to planetary unraveling. Neoliberal thinking treats the economy and the ecosphere as separate independent systems and essentially ignores the latter.
1457:
are depleted, the environment is degraded; direct environmental degradation, such as deforestation, which is readily visible; this can be caused by more indirect process, such as the build up of
3616:
119:) or they can be natural. These issues are considered serious when the ecosystem cannot recover in the present situation, and catastrophic if the ecosystem is projected to certainly collapse.
4321:
Scheidel, Arnim; Del Bene, Daniela; Liu, Juan; Navas, Grettel; Mingorría, Sara; Demaria, Federico; Avila, Sofía; Roy, Brototi; Ertör, Irmak; Temper, Leah; Martínez-Alier, Joan (2020-07-01).
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83 states, 108 government agencies, 766 Non-governmental organizations and 81 international organizations and about 10,000 experts, scientists from countries around the world. International
3893:
5759:
5468:
1793:
2861:"Dominic Lawson: The population timebomb is a myth The doom-sayers are becoming more fashionable just as experts are coming to the view it has all been one giant false alarm"
2943:"Good Intents, but Low Impacts: Diverging Importance of Motivational and Socioeconomic Determinants Explaining Pro-Environmental Behavior, Energy Use, and Carbon Footprint"
1444:
3871:
Conservation biologists agree that humanity is on the verge of causing a mass extinction and that its primary driver is our immense and rapidly expanding global economy.
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217:
2414:(sometimes referred to as the ecology movement) is a social movement that aims to protect the natural world from harmful environmental practices in order to create
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3205:
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The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision-makers consider the environmental impacts when deciding whether or not to proceed with a project. The
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5657:
2029:
Parties involved in these conflicts include locally affected communities, states, companies and investors, and social or environmental movements; typically
5635:
2304:, agreements and common law that governs how humans interact with their environment. This includes environmental regulations; laws governing management of
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3606:
3275:
The consensus that humans are causing recent global warming is shared by 90%–100% of publishing climate scientists according to six independent studies
1771:
1436:
5454:
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for marginalized communities in making environmental decisions that affect their lives. The global environmental justice movement arises from local
3467:
Pimm, S. L.; Jenkins, C. N.; Abell, R.; Brooks, T. M.; Gittleman, J. L.; Joppa, L. N.; Raven, P. H.; Roberts, C. M.; Sexton, J. O. (30 May 2014).
2698:
5062:
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1983:
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in
Encyclopedia of Environmental Science, D. E. Alexander and R. W. Fairbridge (eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands,
2500:
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46:
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defines environmental degradation as "the reduction of the capacity of the environment to meet social and ecological objectives, and needs".
4032:"Extraordinary human energy consumption and resultant geological impacts beginning around 1950 CE initiated the proposed Anthropocene Epoch"
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5066:
3151:
2667:
772:
5647:
5620:
5593:
5568:
4591:
Mola-Yudego, Blas; Gritten, David (October 2010). "Determining forest conflict hotspots according to academic and environmental groups".
2632:
2543:
3959:
3843:"Reducing Human Numbers and the Size of our Economies is Necessary to Avoid a Mass Extinction and Share Earth Justly with Other Species"
5118:
4144:
Trenberth, Kevin E. (2 October 2018). "Climate change caused by human activities is happening and it already has major consequences".
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5719:
5179:
4955:
4456:
Cardoso, Andrea (December 2015). "Behind the life cycle of coal: Socio-environmental liabilities of coal mining in Cesar, Colombia".
2273:
2186:
2026:
documented 3,100 environmental conflicts worldwide as of April 2020 and emphasised that many more conflicts remained undocumented.
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1639:
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The environmental movement is an international movement, represented by a range of environmental organizations, from enterprises to
6302:
6249:
6244:
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216:. The UN system has adopted international frameworks for environmental issues in three key issues, which has been encoded as the "
6239:
5583:
5440:
5010:
MacKinnon, A. J., Duinker, P. N., Walker, T. R. (2018). The
Application of Science in Environmental Impact Assessment. Routledge.
5969:
3800:"Neoliberalism and the Environment: Are We Aware of Appropriate Action to Save the Planet and Do We Think We Are Doing Enough?"
2718:
1766:
1644:
1594:
1346:" in the mid-1970s. The term is sometimes used in the context of pollution produced from human activity since the start of the
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4916:
4542:
4403:
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Yeganeh, Kia Hamid (1 January 2020). "A typology of sources, manifestations, and implications of environmental degradation".
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2990:"Measuring the Ecological Impact of the Wealthy: Excessive Consumption, Ecological Disorganization, Green Crime, and Justice"
2706:
2888:"Explaining the Variation in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Between Households: Socioeconomic, Motivational, and Physical Factors"
2364:(IAIA) defines an environmental impact assessment as "the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the
6079:
5927:
3920:
2496:
1462:
101:
2210:). The movement for environmental justice has thus become more global, with some of its aims now being articulated by the
5932:
5578:
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3888:
2617:
1976:
1219:
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1284:. Some human activities that cause damage (either directly or indirectly) to the environment on a global scale include
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5418:
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Orta-Martínez, Martí; Finer, Matt (December 2010). "Oil frontiers and indigenous resistance in the
Peruvian Amazon".
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1624:
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812:
80:
17:
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5535:
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5501:
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Lee, James R. (2019-06-12). "What is a field and why does it grow? Is there a field of environmental conflict?".
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Environmental issues are addressed at a regional, national or international level by government organizations.
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forming a part of project approval and decision-making. Environmental assessments may be governed by rules of
2219:
1969:
1959:
1903:
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The overarching driver of species extinction is human population growth and increasing per capita consumption.
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on the individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans.
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2508:
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827:
159:
5142:"Sustainability, human rights, and environmental justice: Critical connections for contemporary social work"
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regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review.
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1312:. Some of the problems, including global warming and biodiversity loss, have been proposed as representing
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458:
171:
6064:
2350:" (SEA) applies to policies, plans and programmes most often proposed by organs of state. It is a tool of
2041:
disposal. Resource extraction and hazardous waste activities often create resource scarcities (such as by
5882:
5766:
5523:
5306:"Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land"
4091:
Elhacham, Emily; Ben-Uri, Liad; et al. (2020). "Global human-made mass exceeds all living biomass".
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2057:
2023:
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from which they do not benefit. The movement has generated hundreds of studies showing that exposure to
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2520:
2487:
1540:
1153:
651:
4954:
Phillipe Sands (2003) Principles of
International Environmental Law. 2nd Edition. p. xxi Available at
3987:. "The 'Anthropocene'" in International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Newsletter. 41 (May 2000): 17–18
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to address environmental injustice, which occurs when poor or marginalized communities are harmed by
2015:
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2528:
2504:
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1335:
1313:
702:
537:
122:
62:
5384:
4735:"Environmental justice and natural resource extraction: intersections of power, equity and access"
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6142:
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2591:
1699:
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1233:
1212:
952:
942:
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792:
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154:
3176:; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M.; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William R. (5 November 2019).
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2100:
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There are an increasing number of films being produced on environmental issues, especially on
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2019:
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Human impact on the environment (or anthropogenic environmental impact) refers to changes to
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993:
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632:
597:
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3607:"The best way to reduce your carbon footprint is one the government isn't telling you about"
2988:
Lynch, Michael J.; Long, Michael A.; Stretesky, Paul B.; Barrett, Kimberly L. (2019-05-15).
2836:"David Attenborough's claim that humans have overrun the planet is his most popular comment"
100:
is an environmental issue that affects many water bodies. This photograph shows foam on the
6132:
5900:
5540:
5496:
4746:
4600:
4562:. Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Society of Forest Science Finnish Forest Research Institute.
4500:
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4206:
4153:
4102:
4045:
3813:
3761:
3653:
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3423:
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3246:
3233:"Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming"
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2524:
2516:
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that addresses environmental issues through advocacy, legislation education, and activism.
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Conflict cultures: qualitative comparative analysis of environmental conflicts in forestry
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1017:
8:
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6187:
6127:
6024:
6019:
5694:
4967:
4691:
Size, Julie; London, Jonathan K. (July 2008). "Environmental
Justice at the Crossroads".
3930:
3469:"The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection"
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1996:
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93:
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4049:
3884:"New Climate Risk Classification Created to Account for Potential "Existential" Threats"
3817:
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3657:
3567:
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where communities organize in opposition to the forces that mismanaged the environment.
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Environmental Public Awareness Handbook: Case Studies and Lessons Learned in Mongolia
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Martinez-Alier, Joan; Temper, Leah; Del Bene, Daniela; Scheidel, Arnim (3 May 2016).
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3781:
3720:
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3611:
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3579:
3538:
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3493:
3476:
3449:
3410:"Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction"
3384:
3173:
3021:
3009:
2974:
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2927:
2915:
2748:
2702:
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2403:
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2297:
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2083:
1933:
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527:
472:
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3097:. Vol. I. Washington, DC: U.S. Global Change Research Program. pp. 12–34.
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are laws that protect the environment. Environmental law is the collection of laws,
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Environmental degradation is one of the ten threats officially cautioned by the
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5994:
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5709:
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Martinez Alier, Joan; Temper, Leah; Del Bene, Daniela; Scheidel, Arnim (2016).
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Environmental justice scholars have produced a large interdisciplinary body of
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or exacerbate existing conflicts – especially in the context of
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2767:"Humans Destroying Ecosystems: How to Measure Our Impact on the Environment"
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5858:
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5803:
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5339:
5321:
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Chapin, F. Stuart; Matson, Pamela A.; Vitousek, Peter (September 2, 2011).
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205:
5286:
3095:
Climate Science Special Report – Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4)
2812:"Why we should be wary of blaming 'overpopulation' for the climate crisis"
1515:
5989:
5944:
5813:
5786:
4836:
4484:
3826:
3799:
3530:
2886:
Nässén, Jonas; Andersson, David; Larsson, Jörgen; Holmberg, John (2015).
2431:
2427:
2071:
2042:
1923:
1089:
1061:
1033:
917:
872:
602:
577:
329:
146:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4308:
3381:
The Sixth Extinction : Patterns of Life and the Future of Humankind
3325:
3078:
2394:
2109:
6054:
5021:
Environmental Impact Assessment: A Guide to Best Professional Practices
4068:
3638:
Nordström, Jonas; Shogren, Jason F.; Thunström, Linda (15 April 2020).
3182:
2911:
2512:
2461:
2372:
in their decisions and to justify those decisions in light of detailed
2365:
2301:
1421:
1413:
1289:
622:
542:
467:
3200:
2225:
1369:
1326:. The term was first used in the technical sense by Russian geologist
6177:
5823:
4305:
3921:"Biodiversity loss: An existential risk comparable to climate change"
3146:
3103:
2443:
2442:
In its recognition of humanity as a participant in (not an enemy of)
1811:
1429:
1305:
1237:
1041:
997:
384:
336:
185:
112:
4909:
Sustainability: Approaches to Environmental Justice and Social Power
4886:(9th ed.). Pacific Grove, California: Brooks/Cole. p. G5.
4842:
4625:
3640:"Do parents counter-balance the carbon emissions of their children?"
4936:"Urgent climate action can secure a liveable future for all — IPCC"
3644:
2175:
1425:
1252:. Modifying the environment to fit the needs of society (as in the
3061:"SDGs will address 'three planetary crises' harming life on Earth"
1188:
6004:
5954:
4030:
Syvitski, Jaia; Waters, Colin N.; Day, John; et al. (2020).
3345:
2447:
2313:
2261:
428:
4726:
4268:"Environmental Degradation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
3690:
It is well understood that adding to the population increases CO
2699:"Natural Resources Conservation and Advances for Sustainability"
5828:
5435:
4968:"What is Environmental Law? | Becoming an Environmental Lawyer"
4524:
4522:
4294:. The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. 2004-03-31
3368:
carbonic acid. This causes the acidity of seawater to increase.
2744:
Global Environmental Policy: Concepts, Principles, and Practice
2576:
2451:
2309:
1385:
remain the only vegetation in some areas of the site's grounds.
1382:
4787:
3408:; Garcia, Andrés; Pringle, Robert M.; Palmer, Todd M. (2015).
2885:
5201:
3399:
2233:
The goal of the environmental justice movement is to achieve
1405:
1249:
5056:"Principle of Environmental Impact Assessment Best Practice"
4519:
4425:
4423:
3091:
2074:
disputes or where communities have been displaced to create
1445:
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
5350:
Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure
2376:
and public comments on the potential environmental impacts.
2078:. The study of these conflicts is related to the fields of
1473:. Mismanagement that leads to degradation can also lead to
1409:
27:
Concerns and policies regarding the biophysical environment
5346:
4796:"Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview"
4619:
4531:"Environmental Conflicts and Regional Conflict Management"
4323:"Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview"
4194:
3125:
4535:
WELFARE ECONOMICS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – Volume II
4420:
3637:
2987:
2941:
Moser, Stephanie; Kleinhückelkotten, Silke (2017-06-09).
2495:
The largest international agency, set up in 1972, is the
2473:, and individual advocates like former Wisconsin Senator
1461:
over time or the buildup of greenhouse gases that causes
1401:
4684:
4320:
3172:
3142:"The Biggest Threat to the Earth? We Have Too Many Kids"
2534:
and this is done to differing degrees around the world.
1330:, and it was first used in English by British ecologist
5104:
Reclaiming Paradise: The Global Environmental Movement
4987:
3536:
3466:
3286:
2940:
6265:
2008:
Environmental conflicts, socio-environmental conflict
220:": climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss.
5229:
3128:
2562:
gained commercial success and a high media profile.
1822:
Corporate accountability for human rights violations
1449:
Environmental degradation comes in many types. When
5476:
4845:"Is there a global environmental justice movement?"
4672:
International Institute for Sustainable Development
4628:"Is there a global environmental justice movement?"
4590:
4490:
3745:"Ecological economics for humanity's plague phase"
3178:"World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency"
2066:Environmental conflict can complicate response to
1437:High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change
153:. The bulk of environmental impacts are caused by
5303:
4029:
3117:
115:. Further, these issues can be caused by humans (
6289:
2010:or ecological distribution conflicts (EDCs) are
1373:More than eighty years after the abandonment of
5063:International Association for Impact Assessment
4090:
2362:International Association for Impact Assessment
2189:in the 1980s. It was heavily influenced by the
2020:unequal distribution of environmental resources
180:Major current environmental issues may include
5304:Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J.; Ferry, P.A. (2010).
5276:
5257:
4781:
3545:; Rees, William E.; Wolf, Christopher (2022).
3289:"Quantifying the human cost of global warming"
3121:
2501:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1322:designates an effect or object resulting from
5462:
4884:Environmental Science: Working With the Earth
4529:Mason, Simon; Spillman, Kurt R (2009-11-17).
4528:
4146:Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law
3797:
3351:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1977:
1465:. Efforts to counteract this problem include
1213:
43:The examples and perspective in this article
5258:Hawksworth, David L.; Bull, Alan T. (2008).
4988:"NOUN | National Open University of Nigeria"
2668:Environmental implications of nanotechnology
2052:Frequently environmental conflicts focus on
5233:Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology
4429:
3034:
2633:Environmental impact of the energy industry
2544:Environmental issues in film and television
2316:, or fisheries; and related topics such as
2214:. The movement overlaps with movements for
104:as it enters the United States from Mexico.
5469:
5455:
5374:
4720:
4690:
3798:Jones, Ellie-Anne; Stafford, Rick (2021).
2252:literature that includes contributions to
1984:
1970:
1220:
1206:
391:
5980:Environmental issues in the United States
5385:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199286294.001.0001
5329:
5157:
5100:
4819:
4758:
4668:"Environment, Conflict and Peacebuilding"
4557:
4362:
4143:
4067:
4057:
3825:
3675:
3665:
3443:
3324:
3314:
3270:1983/34949783-dac1-4ce7-ad95-5dc0798930a6
3268:
3258:
3199:
3102:
155:excessive consumption of industrial goods
111:are disruptions in the usual function of
81:Learn how and when to remove this message
5965:Effects of climate change on agriculture
5408:
4793:
3139:
2398:Levels of air pollution rose during the
2393:
2224:
1995:
1368:
92:
5260:Biodiversity and Conservation in Europe
5139:
4455:
4231:
3604:
3379:Leakey, Richard and Roger Lewin, 1996,
2809:
2764:
14:
6290:
5970:Effects of climate change on livestock
4881:
4388:Environmental Conflict and Cooperation
4037:Communications Earth & Environment
3918:
3896:from the original on 15 September 2017
3840:
3705:
2606:(includes mitigation and conservation)
2537:
2477:and Rachel Carson in the 20th century.
1595:Corporate environmental responsibility
1316:to the survival of the human species.
1256:) is causing severe effects including
5450:
5039:
4930:
4928:
4732:
4219:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600030002x
3996:
3154:from the original on 18 December 2019
2438:through changes in public policy and
2406:to be passed in the mid-19th century.
6224:
6080:Tropical cyclones and climate change
4432:"What is an Environmental Conflict?"
3739:
3619:from the original on 1 December 2017
3230:
3129:Chapin, Matson & Vitousek (2011)
2810:Alberro, Heather (28 January 2020).
2497:United Nations Environment Programme
2220:human right to a healthy environment
2104:
2033:are protecting their homelands from
1463:tipping points in the climate system
1334:in reference to human influences on
324:Middle-left: a picture from 1997 of
29:
6113:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion
5353:. Springer Science+Business Media.
5236:. Springer Science+Business Media.
4906:
4385:
4234:Management of Environmental Quality
3889:Scripps Institution of Oceanography
3547:"Scientists' warning on population"
3515:from the original on 7 January 2020
3208:from the original on 3 January 2020
2853:
2828:
2803:
2618:Environmental impact of agriculture
2003:protest against coal mine expansion
24:
5402:
4925:
4733:Malin, Stephanie (June 25, 2019).
3937:from the original on 13 April 2016
2719:"Human Impacts on the Environment"
2663:Environmental impact of pesticides
2643:Environmental impact of irrigation
2628:Environmental impact of reservoirs
2348:strategic environmental assessment
1471:environmental resources management
335:Middle-right: a seabird during an
125:is the practice of protecting the
25:
6314:
5760:pharmaceuticals and personal care
5428:
5182:from the original on 5 March 2023
5121:from the original on 8 April 2023
3357:from the original on 23 June 2011
3118:Sahney, Benton & Ferry (2010)
3035:Environment, U. N. (2021-02-11).
1248:caused directly or indirectly by
6275:
6235:
6234:
6223:
5911:decline in amphibian populations
5616:Deforestation and climate change
5434:
5279:The Environmentalism of the Poor
4705:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2008.00131.x
4198:Journal of Environmental Quality
3712:A Brief History of Neoliberalism
3555:Science of the Total Environment
3140:Stockton, Nick (22 April 2015).
2791:education.nationalgeographic.org
2723:education.nationalgeographic.org
2673:Environmental impact of shipping
2623:Environmental impact of aviation
2481:
2386:This section is an excerpt from
2370:account for environmental values
2330:This section is an excerpt from
2318:environmental impact assessments
2290:This section is an excerpt from
2151:This section is an excerpt from
2108:
1955:
1954:
1514:
1487:This section is an excerpt from
1361:This section is an excerpt from
1187:
290:
281:
270:
261:
250:
241:
229:This section is an excerpt from
34:
6303:Human impact on the environment
6045:Land surface effects on climate
5502:Environmental impact assessment
5478:Human impact on the environment
5194:
5133:
5094:
5084:
5048:
5033:
5013:
5004:
4980:
4960:
4948:
4900:
4875:
4812:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102104
4660:
4584:
4551:
4449:
4379:
4347:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102104
4284:
4260:
4225:
4188:
4137:
4023:
3990:
3977:
3949:
3912:
3876:
3834:
3791:
3733:
3699:
3631:
3598:
3576:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157166
3460:
3393:
3373:
3333:
3280:
3224:
3166:
3133:
3111:
3053:
3041:UNEP - UN Environment Programme
3028:
2981:
2934:
2765:McNeill, Z. Zane (2022-09-07).
2638:Environmental impact of fishing
2587:Index of environmental articles
2341:(EIA) is the assessment of the
2339:Environmental impact assessment
2332:Environmental impact assessment
1894:Human rights and climate change
1827:Corporate social responsibility
1657:List of environmental conflicts
773:Peace, war, and social conflict
301:Human impact on the environment
231:Human impact on the environment
223:
176:List of environmental disasters
117:human impact on the environment
5377:Defining Environmental Justice
5223:
5140:Hawkins, Catherine A. (2010).
5019:Eccleston, Charles H. (2011).
4849:The Journal of Peasant Studies
4513:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.04.022
4478:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.10.004
3957:"Anthropogenic Transformation"
3919:Torres, Phil (11 April 2016).
3774:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106519
3238:Environmental Research Letters
2879:
2779:
2758:
2741:Eccleston, Charles H. (2010).
2735:
2711:
2691:
2648:Environmental impact of mining
2582:Environmental impact statement
2509:non-governmental organizations
2446:, the movement is centered on
2191:American civil rights movement
1904:List of environmental killings
1451:natural habitats are destroyed
1355:
13:
1:
5916:decline in insect populations
5413:. Ulaanbaatar: DSConsulting.
5277:Martinez-Alier, Joan (2002).
4882:Miller, G. Tyler Jr. (2003).
4861:10.1080/03066150.2016.1141198
4794:Scheidel, Arnim (July 2020).
4760:10.1080/23251042.2019.1608420
4646:10.1080/03066150.2016.1141198
4430:Libiszewski, Stephan (1991).
4390:. Routledge. pp. 69–75.
4166:10.1080/02646811.2018.1450895
3605:Perkins, Sid (11 July 2017).
3260:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002
2892:Journal of Industrial Ecology
2684:
2658:Environmental impact of paper
2653:Environmental impact of paint
2324:
2182:is inequitably distributed.
362:
328:, a practice that has led to
306:Top-left: Satellite image of
160:Sustainable Development Goals
5107:. Indiana University Press.
4613:10.1016/j.forpol.2010.07.004
3667:10.1371/journal.pone.0231105
3231:Cook, John (13 April 2016).
3122:Hawksworth & Bull (2008)
2604:List of environmental issues
2430:management of resources and
2402:, sparking the first modern
2086:, and environmental justice.
1864:Environmentalism of the poor
1392:is the deterioration of the
1338:. The atmospheric scientist
1292:economic policies and rapid
172:List of environmental issues
7:
4800:Global Environmental Change
4593:Forest Policy and Economics
4327:Global Environmental Change
2678:Environmental impact of war
2565:
2469:, politicians, scientists,
2380:
2058:rights of indigenous people
2024:Environmental Justice Atlas
1695:Environmental Justice Atlas
1680:Decolonization of knowledge
1481:
353:Bottom-right: depiction of
57:, discuss the issue on the
10:
6319:
5375:Schlosberg, David (2007).
5262:. Springer. p. 3390.
4633:Journal of Peasant Studies
4059:10.1038/s43247-020-00029-y
3859:10.1007/s11406-022-00497-w
3316:10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6
3037:"Making Peace With Nature"
2541:
2521:World Wide Fund for Nature
2488:Environmental organization
2485:
2385:
2343:environmental consequences
2329:
2289:
2187:began in the United States
2150:
2145:
2094:
1772:Central and Eastern Europe
1486:
1360:
444:Human environmental impact
228:
210:genetically modified foods
200:lobbies for protection of
169:
6218:
6153:Environmental engineering
6103:
6000:Environmental degradation
5891:
5777:fishing down the food web
5554:
5484:
5409:Ferguson, Robert (1999).
5044:. Routledge. p. 227.
4957:Accessed 19 February 2020
4439:Journal of Peace Research
4292:"ISDR : Terminology"
4115:10.1038/s41586-020-3010-5
3962:22 September 2020 at the
3341:"Increased Ocean Acidity"
2140:
2016:environmental degradation
1909:Locally unwanted land use
1390:Environmental degradation
1363:Environmental degradation
1262:environmental degradation
208:valuable natural areas,
190:environmental degradation
6158:Environmental mitigation
6015:Greenhouse gas emissions
5975:Environmental insecurity
5101:McCormick, John (1991).
5042:Encyclopedia of the City
4558:Hellström, Eeva (2001).
4254:10.1108/MEQ-02-2019-0036
3006:10.1177/2329496519847491
2959:10.1177/0013916517710685
2947:Environment and Behavior
2356:administrative procedure
2352:environmental management
2202:(as for example through
2090:
1645:racism in Western Europe
1585:Corporate accountability
1467:environmental protection
1336:climax plant communities
1234:biophysical environments
538:Structural functionalism
361:by Portuguese settlers,
317:experts investigate the
165:
123:Environmental protection
6205:Sustainable consumption
5546:Social ecology (ethics)
5159:10.22329/csw.v11i3.5833
4739:Environmental Sociology
4396:10.4324/9781351139243-9
3841:Cafaro, Philip (2022).
3717:Oxford University Press
3490:10.1126/science.1246752
2592:Triple planetary crisis
2471:nonprofit organizations
2243:environmental defenders
2239:environmental conflicts
2031:environmental defenders
1700:Environmental sociology
1379:Kadina, South Australia
1348:Agricultural Revolution
558:Symbolic interactionism
453:Industrial revolutions
218:triple planetary crises
6148:Ecological engineering
5928:runaway climate change
5441:Environmental problems
5322:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024
5065:. 1999. Archived from
4537:. EOLSS Publications.
4004:NASA Earth Observatory
3997:Scott, Michon (2014).
3436:10.1126/sciadv.1400253
2556:. Al Gore's 2006 film
2412:environmental movement
2407:
2388:Environmental movement
2284:
2230:
2216:Indigenous land rights
2101:Cost of global warming
2076:environmental migrants
2004:
1847:Environmental defender
1489:Environmental conflict
1475:environmental conflict
1398:depletion of resources
1386:
548:Social constructionism
204:and protection of any
139:environmental movement
105:
5531:List of global issues
5287:10.4337/9781843765486
5040:Caves, R. W. (2004).
4272:www.sciencedirect.com
3892:. 14 September 2017.
3294:Nature Sustainability
3192:10.1093/biosci/biz088
3126:Steffen et al. (2006)
2867:. UK. 18 January 2011
2697:Jhariya et al. 2022.
2559:An Inconvenient Truth
2400:Industrial Revolution
2397:
2374:environmental studies
2228:
2162:or eco-justice, is a
2160:Environmental justice
2153:Environmental justice
2054:environmental justice
1999:
1662:Urban forest inequity
1508:Environmental justice
1412:; the destruction of
1372:
1342:introduced the term "
923:Conversation analysis
498:Social stratification
198:conservation movement
96:
6298:Environmental issues
6133:Community resilience
5933:in the United States
5901:Biodiversity threats
5574:cannabis cultivation
5541:Planetary boundaries
5507:Environmental issues
5497:Ecological footprint
5443:at Wikimedia Commons
5146:Critical Social Work
4493:Ecological Economics
4458:Ecological Economics
4011:on 17 September 2008
3931:Taylor & Francis
3827:10.3390/earth2020019
3753:Ecological Economics
3406:Barnosky, Anthony D.
2840:www.newstatesman.com
2525:environmental policy
2523:. Governments enact
2517:Friends of the Earth
2440:individual behavior.
2229:Cleaning environment
2195:environmental racism
2080:ecological economics
1690:Ecological economics
1620:inequality in the UK
308:Southeast Asian haze
151:planetary boundaries
109:Environmental issues
63:create a new article
55:improve this article
45:may not represent a
6195:Restoration ecology
6128:Climate engineering
6065:Ocean acidification
6055:Loss of green belts
6025:Holocene extinction
6020:Habitat destruction
5695:Environmental crime
4907:Sze, Julie (2018).
4782:Martinez-Alier 2002
4751:2019EnvSo...5..109M
4605:2010ForPE..12..575M
4505:2010EcoEc..70..207O
4470:2015EcoEc.120...71C
4339:2020GEC....6302104S
4246:2020MEnvQ..31..765Y
4211:1997JEnvQ..26..581J
4158:2018JENRL..36..463T
4107:2020Natur.588..442E
4050:2020ComEE...1...32S
3955:Bampton, M. (1999)
3818:2021Earth...2..331J
3766:2020EcoEc.16906519R
3658:2020PLoSO..1531105N
3568:2022ScTEn.84557166C
3428:2015SciA....1E0253C
3400:Ceballos, Gerardo;
3307:2023NatSu...6.1237L
3251:2016ERL....11d8002C
2904:2015JInEc..19..480N
2538:Film and television
2172:resource extraction
2035:resource extraction
1729:Joan Martinez Alier
1724:Dina Gilio-Whitaker
1625:injustice in Europe
1418:habitat destruction
1400:such as quality of
1282:ecological collapse
1266:ocean acidification
508:Social cycle theory
379:Part of a series on
127:natural environment
6210:Waste minimization
6168:Mitigation banking
6163:Industrial ecology
6123:Cleaner production
6075:Resource depletion
5611:Corporate behavior
5569:animal agriculture
3985:Eugene F. Stoermer
3983:Crutzen, Paul and
3539:Ripple, William J.
3353:. 30 August 2016.
3174:Ripple, William J.
2912:10.1111/jiec.12168
2787:"Marine Pollution"
2467:religious devotees
2416:sustainable living
2408:
2404:environmental laws
2298:Environmental laws
2260:, and theories on
2231:
2208:global waste trade
2180:environmental harm
2120:. You can help by
2062:rights of peasants
2005:
1884:Global waste trade
1387:
1314:catastrophic risks
1194:Society portal
817:History of science
798:Race and ethnicity
478:Social environment
344:Acid mine drainage
326:industrial fishing
319:Fukushima disaster
202:endangered species
194:resource depletion
106:
6263:
6262:
6085:Water degradation
5960:Ecological crisis
5906:biodiversity loss
5705:Industrialisation
5690:Genetic pollution
5536:Impact assessment
5439:Media related to
5394:978-0-19-928629-4
5360:978-3-540-26607-5
5296:978-1-84376-548-6
5243:978-1-4419-9504-9
5114:978-0-253-20660-2
4918:978-1-4798-9456-7
4693:Sociology Compass
4544:978-1-84826-010-8
4405:978-1-351-13924-3
4101:(7838): 442–444.
3484:(6187): 1246752.
3301:(10): 1237–1247.
2842:. 4 November 2020
2707:978-0-12-822976-7
2532:environmental law
2420:Environmentalists
2306:natural resources
2292:Environmental law
2258:environmental law
2254:political ecology
2138:
2137:
2097:Cost of pollution
2084:political ecology
1994:
1993:
1934:Toxic colonialism
1889:Green imperialism
1874:Environmental law
1705:Political ecology
1650:Rights Amdenments
1640:racism in the USA
1459:plastic pollution
1455:natural resources
1286:population growth
1278:ecological crisis
1274:biodiversity loss
1254:built environment
1246:natural resources
1230:
1229:
948:Social experiment
828:Social psychology
473:Social complexity
91:
90:
83:
65:, as appropriate.
18:Ecological impact
16:(Redirected from
6310:
6280:
6279:
6271:
6238:
6237:
6227:
6226:
6060:Phosphorus cycle
6040:Land consumption
6035:Land degradation
6010:Freshwater cycle
5809:Overexploitation
5782:marine pollution
5589:cocoa production
5471:
5464:
5457:
5448:
5447:
5438:
5424:
5398:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5343:
5333:
5300:
5273:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5198:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5161:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5098:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5071:
5060:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5037:
5031:
5017:
5011:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4823:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4762:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4709:
4708:
4699:(4): 1331–1354.
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4526:
4517:
4516:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4436:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4366:
4318:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4071:
4061:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4007:. Archived from
3994:
3988:
3981:
3975:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3853:(5): 2263–2282.
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3749:
3741:Rees, William E.
3737:
3731:
3730:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3679:
3669:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3551:
3543:Ehrlich, Paul R.
3534:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3473:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3415:Science Advances
3402:Ehrlich, Paul R.
3397:
3391:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3318:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3262:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3203:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3137:
3131:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:10.7930/J0DJ5CTG
3089:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3032:
3026:
3025:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2816:The Conversation
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2715:
2709:
2695:
2133:
2130:
2112:
2105:
2068:natural disaster
2012:social conflicts
1986:
1979:
1972:
1958:
1957:
1914:Rights of nature
1899:Impact investing
1869:Environmentalism
1842:Electronic waste
1794:US-Mexico border
1734:Kyle Powys Whyte
1600:Energy democracy
1518:
1495:
1494:
1302:overexploitation
1222:
1215:
1208:
1192:
1191:
943:Network analysis
833:Sociocybernetics
823:Social movements
553:Social darwinism
503:Social structure
395:
376:
375:
367:
364:
294:
285:
274:
265:
254:
245:
131:Environmentalism
86:
79:
75:
72:
66:
38:
37:
30:
21:
6318:
6317:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6274:
6266:
6264:
6259:
6214:
6173:Organic farming
6099:
6090:Water pollution
6070:Ozone depletion
6050:Loss and damage
5950:Desertification
5887:
5799:Overconsumption
5720:cleaning agents
5621:Energy industry
5584:meat production
5550:
5480:
5475:
5431:
5421:
5405:
5403:Further reading
5395:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5310:Biology Letters
5297:
5270:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5226:
5221:
5220:
5211:
5209:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5185:
5183:
5138:
5134:
5124:
5122:
5115:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5085:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5049:
5038:
5034:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5005:
4996:
4994:
4986:
4985:
4981:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4953:
4949:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4905:
4901:
4894:
4880:
4876:
4841:
4837:
4792:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4731:
4727:
4721:Schlosberg 2007
4719:
4712:
4689:
4685:
4676:
4674:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4624:
4620:
4589:
4585:
4570:
4556:
4552:
4545:
4527:
4520:
4489:
4485:
4454:
4450:
4434:
4428:
4421:
4406:
4384:
4380:
4319:
4306:
4297:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4276:
4274:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4230:
4226:
4193:
4189:
4142:
4138:
4089:
4085:
4028:
4024:
4014:
4012:
3995:
3991:
3982:
3978:
3964:Wayback Machine
3954:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3926:Thebulletin.org
3917:
3913:
3899:
3897:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3839:
3835:
3796:
3792:
3747:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3719:. p. 173.
3704:
3700:
3693:
3652:(4): e0231105.
3636:
3632:
3622:
3620:
3603:
3599:
3549:
3537:Crist, Eileen;
3535:
3531:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3471:
3465:
3461:
3422:(5): e1400253.
3398:
3394:
3378:
3374:
3360:
3358:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3285:
3281:
3229:
3225:
3211:
3209:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3138:
3134:
3116:
3112:
3090:
3079:
3070:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3045:
3043:
3033:
3029:
2994:Social Currents
2986:
2982:
2939:
2935:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2865:The Independent
2859:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2820:
2818:
2808:
2804:
2795:
2793:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2759:
2740:
2736:
2727:
2725:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2611:Specific issues
2572:Citizen science
2568:
2546:
2540:
2490:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2335:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2295:
2287:
2270:
2269:
2193:and focused on
2168:hazardous waste
2164:social movement
2156:
2148:
2143:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2118:needs expansion
2103:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2039:hazardous waste
1990:
1949:
1948:
1852:Water protector
1837:Desertification
1817:Climate finance
1807:
1799:
1798:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1685:Human geography
1675:
1667:
1666:
1590:Corporate crime
1526:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1366:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1298:overconsumption
1294:economic growth
1270:mass extinction
1226:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1056:
982:
968:
966:Major theorists
958:
957:
893:
883:
882:
573:
563:
562:
533:Critical theory
528:Conflict theory
523:
513:
512:
483:Social equality
424:
374:
373:
372:
371:
365:
359:Atlantic forest
297:
296:
295:
287:
286:
277:
276:
275:
267:
266:
257:
256:
255:
247:
246:
234:
226:
178:
170:Main articles:
168:
98:Water pollution
87:
76:
70:
67:
52:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6316:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6285:
6284:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6231:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6200:Sustainability
6197:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6109:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6095:Water scarcity
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6030:Nitrogen cycle
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5995:Forest dieback
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5923:Climate change
5920:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5897:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5740:nanotechnology
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5560:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5524:on marine life
5516:
5515:
5514:
5512:list of issues
5504:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5481:
5474:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5430:
5429:External links
5427:
5426:
5425:
5419:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5393:
5372:
5359:
5344:
5316:(4): 544–547.
5301:
5295:
5274:
5269:978-1402068645
5268:
5255:
5242:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5218:
5193:
5132:
5113:
5093:
5083:
5072:on May 7, 2012
5047:
5032:
5029:978-1439828731
5012:
5003:
4979:
4959:
4947:
4924:
4917:
4899:
4892:
4874:
4855:(3): 731–755.
4835:
4786:
4774:
4745:(2): 109–116.
4725:
4710:
4683:
4659:
4640:(3): 731–755.
4618:
4599:(8): 575–580.
4583:
4568:
4550:
4543:
4518:
4499:(2): 207–218.
4483:
4448:
4419:
4404:
4378:
4304:
4283:
4259:
4240:(3): 765–783.
4224:
4205:(3): 581–589.
4187:
4152:(4): 463–481.
4136:
4083:
4022:
3989:
3976:
3948:
3911:
3875:
3833:
3812:(2): 331–339.
3790:
3732:
3726:978-0199283279
3725:
3698:
3691:
3630:
3597:
3529:
3459:
3392:
3372:
3332:
3279:
3223:
3165:
3132:
3110:
3077:
3052:
3027:
3000:(4): 377–395.
2980:
2953:(6): 626–656.
2933:
2898:(3): 480–489.
2878:
2852:
2827:
2802:
2778:
2757:
2753:978-1439847664
2734:
2710:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2554:global warming
2550:climate change
2542:Main article:
2539:
2536:
2486:Main article:
2483:
2480:
2475:Gaylord Nelson
2392:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2336:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2296:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2266:sustainability
2250:social science
2212:United Nations
2157:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2115:
2113:
2092:
2089:
2001:Hambach Forest
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1939:Water conflict
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1919:Sacrifice zone
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1832:Decolonization
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1806:Related topics
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1784:United Kingdom
1781:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1767:Western Europe
1759:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:Dorceta Taylor
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1719:Robert Bullard
1712:
1710:Social ecology
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1531:Climate change
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1441:United Nations
1375:Wallaroo Mines
1367:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1332:Arthur Tansley
1324:human activity
1258:global warming
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
984:
983:
969:
964:
963:
960:
959:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
894:
889:
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
593:Astrosociology
590:
585:
580:
574:
569:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
524:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
451:
446:
441:
439:Human behavior
436:
431:
425:
422:
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
410:
405:
397:
396:
388:
387:
381:
380:
370:
369:
351:
340:
333:
322:
311:
299:
298:
289:
288:
280:
279:
278:
269:
268:
260:
259:
258:
249:
248:
240:
239:
238:
237:
236:
235:
227:
225:
222:
214:global warming
182:climate change
167:
164:
89:
88:
49:of the subject
47:worldwide view
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6315:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6272:
6269:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6232:
6230:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6183:Reforestation
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6138:Cultured meat
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6118:Birth control
6116:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5940:Deforestation
5938:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5716:
5715:Manufacturing
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5663:nuclear power
5661:
5659:
5658:fracking (US)
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5472:
5467:
5465:
5460:
5458:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5442:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5422:
5420:99929-50-13-7
5416:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5396:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5373:
5362:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5302:
5298:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5245:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5136:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5097:
5087:
5076:September 15,
5068:
5064:
5057:
5051:
5043:
5036:
5030:
5026:
5023:. Chapter 5.
5022:
5016:
5007:
4993:
4989:
4983:
4969:
4963:
4956:
4951:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4920:
4914:
4911:. NYU Press.
4910:
4903:
4895:
4893:0-534-42039-7
4889:
4885:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4778:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4717:
4715:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4687:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4587:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4569:951-40-1777-3
4565:
4561:
4554:
4546:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4523:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4487:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4445:(4): 407–422.
4444:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4424:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4382:
4374:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4293:
4287:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4140:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3980:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3879:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3837:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3707:Harvey, David
3702:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3634:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3390:
3389:0-385-46809-1
3386:
3382:
3376:
3369:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3245:(4): 048002.
3244:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2750:
2747:. Chapter 7.
2746:
2745:
2738:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2694:
2690:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2482:Organizations
2476:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2454:, as well as
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2422:advocate the
2421:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:The movement
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2132:
2123:
2119:
2116:This section
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2047:deforestation
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1857:Land defender
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:United States
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:Environmental
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:Alexey Pavlov
1325:
1321:
1320:anthropogenic
1317:
1315:
1311:
1310:deforestation
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1159:Organizations
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108: ·
1107:
1104: ·
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064: ·
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
996: ·
995:
991:
988:
981:
977:
974:
971:
970:
967:
962:
961:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
913:Computational
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
892:
887:
886:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
818:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:Environmental
656:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
608:Consciousness
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
572:
567:
566:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
522:
517:
516:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
488:Social equity
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
434:Globalization
432:
430:
427:
426:
420:
419:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
399:
398:
394:
390:
389:
386:
383:
382:
378:
377:
360:
356:
355:deforestation
352:
349:
345:
342:Bottom-left:
341:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
304:
302:
293:
284:
273:
264:
253:
244:
232:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
177:
173:
163:
161:
156:
152:
148:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
118:
114:
110:
103:
99:
95:
85:
82:
74:
64:
60:
56:
50:
48:
41:
32:
31:
19:
5876:urban sprawl
5871:Urbanization
5819:Particulates
5804:Overdrafting
5519:Human impact
5506:
5492:Anthropocene
5410:
5376:
5364:. Retrieved
5349:
5313:
5309:
5278:
5259:
5247:. Retrieved
5232:
5210:. Retrieved
5208:. 2014-12-03
5205:
5196:
5184:. Retrieved
5149:
5145:
5135:
5123:. Retrieved
5103:
5096:
5086:
5074:. Retrieved
5067:the original
5050:
5041:
5035:
5015:
5006:
4995:. Retrieved
4991:
4982:
4971:. Retrieved
4962:
4950:
4939:. Retrieved
4908:
4902:
4883:
4877:
4852:
4848:
4838:
4803:
4799:
4789:
4777:
4742:
4738:
4728:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4675:. Retrieved
4671:
4662:
4637:
4631:
4621:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4559:
4553:
4534:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4442:
4438:
4387:
4381:
4330:
4326:
4296:. Retrieved
4286:
4275:. Retrieved
4271:
4262:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4041:
4035:
4025:
4013:. Retrieved
4009:the original
4002:
3992:
3979:
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