741:
that represent what everyday life could look like in Geneva in 2035. The personas were then discussed in participatory workshops (N=142) with consumer-citizen, with three aims: 1) relating the personas to understandings of the good life, through a needs-based approach, 2) discussing trade-offs between energy reduction potentials and the good life, and 3) reflecting on necessary changes, collective and individual, towards the normative goal of the good life in an energy transition. The results demonstrate that people can reflect on social change in the present, moving beyond personal practices towards more collective forms of change that would be necessary for the future.
1260:
729:
sufficiency approaches and concepts in the building sector will be researched and analyzed, e.g. the optimization of existing use or the adaptability of buildings to changing conditions of use and requirements over the life cycle, for which significant potential for greenhouse gas mitigation and the reduction of further environmental impacts and resource consumption can be demonstrated. For this purpose, current methods of modeling and quantifying sufficiency in climate, energy and resource scenarios will be taken up.
400:" or persuaded into taking some sufficiency actions without either being engaged with the issue or being primarily motivated by environmental concerns. There appear to be many co-benefits to sufficiency actions that could encourage their uptake, e.g. health and animal welfare for vegetarian diets, air pollution reduction for driving less, children's health for limiting screen use, biodiversity protection for limiting artificial lights, etc.
110:
production and consumption patterns to a level compatible with the goal. It raises the question of individual and social limitations on these current patterns, building in particular on a sense of "enoughness". The IPCC defines sufficiency as "a set of policy measures and daily practices that avoid the demand for energy, materials, land, water, and other natural resources while providing wellbeing for all within the planetary boundaries".
39:. As a goal, sufficiency is about ensuring that all humans can live a good life within planetary boundaries, meaning without overshooting the ecological limits of the Earth and thus limiting resource use and pollution. Princen argues that "seeking enough when more is possible is both intuitive and rational – personally, organizationally and ecologically. And under global ecological constraint, it is ethical."
740:
The WEFEL project addresses the energy transition through a social practices and wellbeing approach. Energy scenarios are not always relatable to people, and often focused on technological solutions for the future. The aim of the project was to translate energy scenarios into personas from the future
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This French research-action programme aims at studying how sufficiency governance may be considered at various levels, and how it can be experienced as a lifestyle change, a new economic model, or a local planning vision. Issues such as limit setting, value creation, and upscaling will be addressed.
608:
The transdisciplinary research project explores the conditions for success and obstacles to sufficiency-oriented urban development at the municipal level. The central question is how municipal administrations are (not) able to influence city development so that people can live well while consuming as
572:
The EDITS network (Energy Demand changes
Induced by Technological and Social innovations) brings together experts of various disciplines to regularly discuss about and engage in the multi-faceted energy demand research, notably ways to reduce it such as sufficiency. The EDITS community works together
632:
This 5-year project in political philosophy focuses on 'Limitarianism' and 'Sufficientarianism', i.e. the view that there should be upper limits to how much a person could have of valuable goods. The philosophical argumentation is discussed, as well as what 'limitarian' institutions could look like.
536:
The FULFILL project explores the contribution of lifestyle changes in decarbonising Europe. By examining sufficiency-based habits at the micro, meso and macro levels through social sciences, it discusses enablers and barriers and contributes to a better design of sufficiency policies and sufficiency
524:
This scientific network has been established in 2018 to bring together scientists and experts from around the world and from various fields working on sufficiency. It aims to increase the visibility of the topic, facilitate networking activities and information sharing, and act as a resource centre.
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The issue is not only relevant at the level of individual values, ethics, and lifestyles, but also for public decisions. As an illustration, whereas building or extending an airport was rarely challenged successfully in the past, two recent decisions show this has changed: the decision of the French
549:
and how political, economic and social contexts enable or constrain sustainable lifestyles options. The project involves researchers from
Finland, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, the Netherlands, Spain and Sweden, and is funded through the financial support of the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme.
548:
The aim of this EU project is to foster the mainstreaming of lifestyles in accordance with the 1.5 °C aspirational climate target. The project develops guidance for policy makers, intermediary actors and individuals based on scientific evidence on how lifestyle choices affect carbon footprint,
479:
Sufficiency supposes a moderation in the consumption and development of high energy-based and material-based services, which are often delivered by or associated with goods and equipment. Thus, sufficiency means limitations on current consumption levels of some products and renouncing some types of
458:
As it builds on a sense of self and collective moderation in relation to the consumption of energy and material-based services, sufficiency requires drawing a line between wants seen as superfluous and actual justified needs. It triggers potentially complex and contentious theoretical and practical
596:
This project involves multidisciplinary qualitative and modelling approaches to answer three research questions: What are the biophysical resources required to achieve human well-being? What influence do social and technical systems have on the levels of resource use associated with well-being? If
157:
Drawing on the limits of technical efficiency and rebound effects, sufficiency proponents argue that energy demand and its associated emissions cannot be sufficiently reduced if the root causes of this demand are not addressed, that is the nature and level of the energy services our societies rely
877:
SuPraStadt stands for quality of life, participation and resource conservation through social diffusion of sufficiency practices in urban neighborhoods.The project focused on transdisciplinary cooperation with three real laboratories with three different lead actors: a civil society initiative in
853:
This project led by the NGO Virage
Energie and supported by ADEME and regional authorities aimed at discussing sufficiency potentials at the level of a French region in collaboration with academic partners. Two reports were published: one focusing on sufficiency modelling in food, material goods,
820:
This project supported by ADEME aimed at analysing how far innovative collective schemes promoting acculturation to sufficiency may contribute to a widespread participation of consumers to the transition towards sustainability. It involved three French universities (Université de Rouen
Normandie,
781:
This project involving 10 European research partners aimed at going beyond existing sustainable consumption research by developing innovative theoretical frameworks fusing social practice and energy cultures approaches. It assessed energy consumption reduction initiatives, investigated the use of
757:
The IntSuf project aimed at integrating knowledge about the social dynamics of energy consumption into energy modelling tools in order to develop sustainable energy scenarios that will be more useful in policy making. The project integrated experiences from
European research of sustainable energy
680:
The research project analyzes how rural municipalities in
Switzerland can adopt sufficiency policies and contribute to sustainable development. It examines the potential for sufficiency policies in rural municipalities, the factors that hinder and promote such policies, and how the superordinate
560:
This carbon-neutrality scenario for the EU is developed through a bottom-up approach of national trajectories constructed by 20+ national partners from the academic world, research, or civil society. It includes a strong consideration for energy sufficiency and lifestyle changes to reduce energy
865:
This interdisciplinary research project supported by the French Hauts-de-France Region and ADEME was led by Lille
University and aimed at institutionalising energy sufficiency strategies at the regional and local level. It contributed to structuring a network of regional actors who reconsidered
832:
This project examined the social and environmental impacts of the provision and consumption of digital services, through several angles: how digitalization changes energy use (Environmental
Engineering), changes in consumption patterns (Psychology), digital sufficiency marketing (Sustainability
487:
concept, is that this would hurt economic growth, increase unemployment and lead to social problems. While it is clear that current energy and resource intensive services would be hit by sufficiency, leaner, more local, and employment-intensive activities would also be fostered in the meantime.
227:
While several established environmental strategies and policies do not question upstream the need for perpetual growth in energy and material services, sufficiency does. It needs to be translated into implementation principles to challenge current lifestyles and social paradigms. The "Four D's"
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Exploratory participative research into an innovative, frugal and human-centered heating system that allows us to live well in our homes. Living with 16, 15, or even 14 °C is possible and comfortable under certain conditions, which the SlowHeat research project aims to describe. Funded by
176:
Sufficiency is also applicable to material consumption. Similar to energy sufficiency, it consists in reducing demand for services and activities requiring high level of material resources, and favouring intrinsically lean ones. It is for instance associated with the ideas of avoiding wasteful
109:
As an increasing number of experts consider that technical progress and greener technologies alone will not be enough to achieve this goal, sufficiency also designates the societal transformations (in terms of lifestyles, social practices, infrastructures, etc.) that will be necessary to bring
704:
The projekt from
Institute for Ecological Economy Research (IĂ–W), adelphi and Heidelberger Energiegenossenschaften focuses on how energy cooperatives can encourage their members and customers to lead a sufficiency-oriented lifestyle. As a central part of the project, they fostered consumption
202:
There are exceptions though. The French négaWatt
Association has assessed the potential of energy sufficiency at the level of France, through its national négaWatt 2050 scenario. The scenario is based on three principles (sufficiency-efficiency-renewables) with the goal of reaching a factor 2
728:
The project identifies sufficiency approaches in the building sector and political-legal measures for their strategic anchoring and support, with which potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions can be exploited in addition to efficiency and consistency strategies. To this end, existing
584:
This German research project led by a team of young researchers wants to investigate which sufficiency policies are needed in order to enable people to consume less resources and aim and integrating sufficiency options in energy and climate scenarios. and modelling. The project has organised
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This project involved four partners (University of Turku, University of Naples, University of Barcelona, and SERI). It aimed at studying energy consumption from different angles and suggested strategies to save energy in various fields. It notably included a report on "Stocktaking of social
692:
The primary objective of the MidWay-project is to probe the concept of sufficiency as a useful organising principle to achieve reduced consumption based on the empirical inputs from meat and milk practices in China. Host Institution for the project is the Norwegian University of Science and
656:
This French project involving five research partners is a multidisciplinary observatory of sufficiency and energy saving practices. Surveys and interviews, as well as living lab experiments, will help better understand how consumers react to energy crises and implement sufficiency actions.
368:
One of the main barriers to sufficiency, often put forward by sceptics, is the dominant social paradigm in liberal societies which values material possession, greed, power, individualism, social differentiation through consumption, and other mindsets that conflict with the mentalities that
68:
There are significant barriers to the widespread adoption of sufficiency, as it goes against current dominant social paradigms (economic growth focus, materialism, individualism, etc.). However, there are signs of change in some trends, be they motivated by environmental concerns or other
609:
few resources as possible (focus on housing, mobility and land use). As part of the project, scientists from the University of Flensburg and employees of the City of Flensburg are conducting a real world laboratory on a sufficiency-oriented development of a 54-hectare redevelopment area.
878:
Heidelberg, the municipality in Dortmund and a housing industry company in Kelsterbach. The initiative for the conception, implementation and diffusion of sufficiency practices originated significantly from these lead actors and the implementation of their initiatives has already begun.
206:
A German study found that sufficiency measures could lead to a theoretical reduction of 70% of energy consumption at the level of households. The calculation assumes sufficiency measures encompassing the size of appliances (smaller, fewer appliances) as well as in their usage patterns.
769:
This project aimed at promoting the sufficiency concept and sufficiency policies at EU level. Several concept papers have been published (on definitions, rebound effects, sufficiency in buildings, sufficiency in products), and have been discussed at workshops in European cities.
503:
This suggests that sufficiency should be implemented as comprehensively as possible, to avoid savings in one sector being annihilated by the growing environmental footprint of another. Capping incomes and resource use are strategies that could mitigate rebound effects.
491:
There is currently limited research on the macroeconomic impacts of a sufficiency-based society. Notably, there is a lack of understanding of how systematic sufficiency-based business models could be developed and promoted, and how it would change the economic system.
203:
reduction on energy demand and factor 4 on greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, involving changes in lifestyles and societal organisation considered as reasonable by the modellers. Sufficiency appears to be able to provide more final energy savings than efficiency.
76:
and subsequent energy crisis in 2022 have put a significant pressure on energy supply, notably in Europe, and popularised the concept of sufficiency and sufficiency policies. For instance, France has published a National energy sufficiency plan in October 2022
395:
The role of intentionality in sufficiency is debated. While for many authors sufficiency requires (as a starting point) a profound and voluntary reassessment of personal and collective priorities in light of the Earth's limits, for others, audiences could be
180:
Here also, depending on authors' definitions, the boundary between efficiency and sufficiency may not always be perfectly drawn. As an illustration, a report for UNEP classifies items such as reducing living spaces, driving smaller cars and car sharing as
161:
In that prospect, energy sufficiency is about questioning and reducing energy demand through "changes in quantity or quality" of the energy-based services consumed, notably by "favouring behaviours and activities that are intrinsically low on energy use".
620:
This project is rooted in Austria and Germany (BOKU and University of Duisburg-Essen), and is about sufficiency and especially consumption reduction communication (with a consumer perspective, involving the disciplines economic psychology/marketing).
1173:
42:
In order to operationalise sufficiency, principles and ideas of concrete actions and policies have been proposed by various authors. Sufficiency may be approached at the individual level as a personal attitude or life philosophy (such as in the
213:
In order to encourage and improve the robustness and visibility of sufficiency modelling in energy scenarios, guidelines and recommendations have been published e.g. by the Ministry of Environment in Germany, or the SHIFT Project in France).
758:
practices initiatives into two energy modelling tools and developed modified Danish, Latvian and Lithuanian national sustainable energy scenarios building upon the combination of sufficiency, efficiency and renewable energy.
403:
There is increasing research into the role of policies in fostering sufficiency, although sufficiency is still in conflict with the ideological orientation of many decision-makers who are reluctant to engage with this idea.
668:
The increasing use of digital media can cause harm to the environment. The interdisciplinary project team aims to reduce the ecological burden by encouraging young people to use media in a way that is lighter on resources.
281:
The sufficiency theory also overlaps with the concept of 'consumption corridors'. This concept emerged notably from a transdisciplinary research program funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research, entitled
1628:
105:
As a goal, sufficiency is about ensuring that all humans can live a good life without overshooting the ecological limits of the Earth (for now and generations to come), and defining what that good life may be made of.
1578:
1437:
117:
published in 2005, in which he argues that "seeking enough when more is possible is both intuitive and rational – personally, organizationally and ecologically. And under global ecological constraint, it is ethical."
844:
This project supported by Stiftung Zukunftserbe investigated sufficiency potentials and strategies in German households. Policy options for sufficiency were then analysed, discussed, and developed in several areas.
1203:
1514:"Energiesuffizienz : Strategien und Instrumente fĂĽr eine technische, systemische und kulturelle Transformation zur nachhaltigen Begrenzung des Energiebedarfs im Konsumfeld Bauen/Wohnen : Endbericht"
369:
sufficiency requires (temperance, moderation, downsizing, etc.). However, as environmental concerns grow, there are also signs showing the potential beginning of sufficiency trends. Three examples are:
69:
co-benefits. Sufficiency usually triggers debates around the notions of needs, wants, and 'enoughness'. Its impact on the economy and the role of rebound effects are also challenges to be addressed.
1512:
Brischke, Lars-Arvid; Leuser, Leon; Duscha, Markus; Thomas, Stefan; Thema, Johannes; Spitzner, Meike; Kopatz, Michael; Baedeker, Carolin; Lahusen, Miriam; Ekardt, Felix; Beeh, Martin (2016).
168:
Academic work released in 2022 systematically classified and databased specific public policy measures that can, individually and collectively, contribute to the uptake energy sufficiency.
837:
1478:
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workshops, published papers, and established the European Sufficiency Policy Database, a collection of hundreds of potential policy measures to foster sufficiency at various levels.
165:
The boundary between efficiency and sufficiency actions are not always precisely set; some authors have a broad conception of efficiency that may include aspects of lifestyle change.
854:
buildings, and mobility (2013), the other added considerations about barriers, social innovation approaches, and socio-economic impacts of sufficiency-based strategies (2016).
150:
The concept of sufficiency has been primarily developed in the area of energy consumption, where levels of greenhouse gas emissions far exceed what the planet may absorb and "
1604:"Are current policies promoting a change in behaviour, conservation and sufficiency? An analysis of existing policies and recommendations for new and effective policies"
1603:
264:
Sufficiency, as a strategy, may also be operationalised through distinguishing between different approaches to limiting the need for energy/resource-intensive services:
432:
Environmental labelling based on absolute product impacts or progressive indicators (i.e. that become more challenging as product size, capacity or features increases);
294:
There are many examples of individual and collective actions and changes that fall under the sufficiency approach. The following (non-exhaustive) list provides some:
134:
Sufficiency can be interpreted and discussed in virtually all social settings and economic sectors. In terms of lifestyles, it is strongly related to the concepts of
1227:
Best, Benjamin; Thema, Johannes; Zell-Ziegler, Carina; Wiese, Frauke; Barth, Jonathan; Breidenbach, Stephan; Nascimento, Leonardo; Wilke, Henry (24 February 2022).
1414:
Stromeinspareffekte durch Energieeffizienz und Energiesuffizienz im Haushalt - Modellierung und Quantifizierung fĂĽr den Sektor private Haushalte in Deutschland
573:
based on common interest in interlinked topics, on transferring methodological knowledge, and on exploring modelling innovations across demand-side models.
597:
remaining within planetary boundaries requires rapid decreases in resource use, how could these scarce resources best be employed to preserve well-being?
809:' society. Consumer habits, everyday routines, and sufficient lifestyles were investigated. Barriers and sufficiency governance have also been discussed.
57:), as well as a core collective value that could amend the notion of liberal societies. In terms of lifestyles, it is strongly related to the concepts of
1694:
435:
Incentives to encourage sufficiency behaviours and projects, such as financial bonus/malus schemes based on the absolute energy consumption of services;
750:
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Marketing), imaginaries and future visions (Social Philosophy). These findings were integrated into post-doc and a professorship research projects.
786:
1528:
1553:
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Living Lab approaches for transforming energy cultures, and produced new research on the role of routines and ruptures in shifting consumption.
661:
253:
The discussion about sufficiency principles is not restricted to a particular area or sector, and may relate to broad lifestyle aspects such as
649:
151:
1016:
697:
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questions. Answers may differ culturally, change with time and context, as well as depend on income and other socio-economic factors.
1412:
500:
A third objection to sufficiency is that, as for efficiency, the energy and material savings could lead to indirect rebound effects.
286:." Consumption corridors define a space between what is socially enough (the floor) and environmentally not too much (the ceiling).
1345:
Samadi, Sascha; Gröne, Marie-Christine; Schneidewind, Uwe; Luhmann, Hans-Jochen; Venjakob, Johannes; Best, Benjamin (2017-11-01).
681:
political levels can support municipalities in developing and implementing sufficiency policies. (project duration: 2021–2025)
31:, carbon and material-based services and products. The term was popularised by authors such as Thomas Princen, a professor at
794:
innovation for energy sufficiency" and a workshop organised in June 2017 on developing the potentials of energy sufficiency.
388:
1754:
411:
Energy/resource taxation, especially progressive taxation (at a sufficient level to genuinely trigger behaviour change);
1462:
825:
1436:
Toulouse, Edouard; Sahakian, Marlyne; Bohnenberger, Katharina; Lorek, Sylvia; Leuser, Leon; Bierwirth, Anja (2019).
826:
Digitalization and social-ecological transformation: rebound risks and potential for sufficiency of digital services
673:
1480:
Référentiel méthodologique pour les études prospectives sur la transition des systèmes énergétiques et électriques
1327:
283:
468:
121:
Sufficiency may be approached at individual level as a personal attitude or life philosophy (such as in the
982:
953:
525:
It maintains a bibliographical database on sufficiency including hundreds of references and publications.
210:
A number of other scenarios and models lead to similar conclusions on the magnitude of saving potentials.
1347:"Sufficiency in energy scenario studies: Taking the potential benefits of lifestyle changes into account"
849:
Scenarios for sufficiency and societal changes – Project in the French Hauts-de-France Region (2012–2016)
73:
925:
199:
scenarios, where efficiency and greener technologies are the main and only strategies usually modelled.
464:
1259:
633:
The team involves five researchers and produced publications, events and blogs during the project.
139:
62:
1174:"Energy sufficiency policy: an evolution of energy efficiency policy or radically new approaches?"
613:
414:
1328:"Resource Efficiency and Climate Change: Material Efficiency Strategies for a Low-Carbon Future"
1513:
1498:
983:"Sufficiency, Liberal Societies and Environmental Policy in the Face of Planetary Boundaries"
721:
1273:
Best, Benjamin; Thema, Johannes; Zell-Ziegler, Carina; Wiese, Frauke; Vogel, Bendix (2022).
1083:
438:
Evolutions in public prescriptions (on comfort, lighting, hygiene...) to alter social norms;
1040:
Spengler, Laura (2016-09-02). "Two types of 'enough': sufficiency as minimum and maximum".
336:
Prolonging the lifetime of products through repairing, re-using, and fighting obsolescence;
24:
8:
183:
131:), as well as a core collective value that could amend the notion of liberal societies.
1065:
1675:
1368:
1151:
1069:
1057:
806:
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Phase-out or restrictions on certain highly intensive energy/resource-based services;
258:
196:
1244:
601:
537:
modelling. The project is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme.
1749:
1665:
1363:
1358:
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1228:
1141:
1104:
1049:
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896:
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concept of French environmentalist Pierre Rabhi, or Schneidewind's concept of the '
1301:
1146:
1129:
1053:
254:
1274:
1229:"Building a database for energy sufficiency policies — Brief report — Version 1"
1670:
1653:
814:
ESADICAS - Socio-anthropologic study on collective acculturation to sufficiency
246:
229:
798:
602:
EHSS – Potentials of and Limitations to Sufficiency Oriented Urban Development
530:
FULFILL (Fundamental Decarbonisation Through Sufficiency By Lifestyle Changes)
1743:
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1372:
1155:
1061:
751:
Integrating energy sufficiency into modelling of sustainable energy scenarios
135:
58:
1654:"Towards a sufficiency-driven business model: Experiences and opportunities"
1629:"Energy sufficiency in policy and practice: the question of needs and wants"
1438:"Energy sufficiency: how can research better help and inform policy-making?"
805:
This project examined different aspects of sufficiency as a strategy for a '
426:
Alternative urban planning reducing the need for individual transport means;
397:
381:
340:
50:
1001:
870:
423:
Investments in alternative mobility infrastructures (cycling lanes, etc.);
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Substituting (replacing highly-consuming services by less intensive ones);
637:
326:
102:
is a concept that relates both to an ideal and a strategy to achieve it.
1718:
676:– Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)
519:
ENOUGH: the International Network for Sufficiency Research & Policy
356:
307:
Choosing smaller appliances (or at least commensurate to actual needs);
195:
Sufficiency largely remains a blindspot in most established ecological/
152:
rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society
733:
717:
Innoviris (Research administration of the Brussels Region, 2020–2023)
578:
ENSU - The Role of Energy Sufficiency in Energy Transition and Society
1499:"Die vier E's : Merkposten fĂĽr einen maĂź-vollen Wirtschaftsstil"
1202:
Toulouse, Edouard; Gorge, Hélène; Le Dû, Mathieu; Semal, Luc (2017).
565:
553:
541:
762:
450:
284:
From Knowledge to Action – New Paths towards Sustainable Consumption
177:
consumption, owning fewer products, and prolonging their lifetimes.
813:
484:
330:
277:
Sharing (optimising the use of each energy/resource-based service).
113:
The term sufficiency has been popularised by Thomas Princen's book
529:
1435:
789:(European Futures for Energy Efficiency) – EU project (2017–2019)
774:
374:
310:
Owning and using less (often) appliances and electronic products;
1693:
Sorrell, Steve; Gatersleben, Birgitta; Druckman, Angela (2018).
686:
A Middle Way? Probing Sufficiency through Meat and Milk in China
554:
CLEVER - Collaborative Low Energy Vision for the European Region
441:
Information, communication, and educational campaigns and tools.
187:, while they would be more traditionally viewed as sufficiency.
1577:
Dufournet, Charline; Marignac, Yves; Toulouse, Edouard (2019).
821:
Université de Rennes 1, Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée).
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518:
407:
Policies that are viewed as supportive of sufficiency include:
28:
1344:
858:
705:
reduction, time wealth and civic engagement in a field study.
614:
Consumer sufficiency as a pathway to climate change mitigation
1579:"Energy sufficiency: how to win the argument on potentials?"
1411:
Lehmann, Franziska; WeiĂź, Uta; Brischke, Lars-Arvid (2015).
1204:"Stimulating energy sufficiency: barriers and opportunities"
709:
589:
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for daily trips in an increasing number of cities worldwide;
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Favouring low-energy transport modes (walking, cycling...);
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Technology, and PI is Associate professor Marius Korsnes.
1719:"Sufficiency: Moving beyond the gospel of eco-efficiency"
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685:
625:
32:
1695:"Energy sufficiency and rebound effects - Concept paper"
698:
Energy communities as multipliers for energy sufficiency
1266:
1201:
990:
Gaia - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society
640:– Ecole Polytechnique and University of Nantes (2020–)
274:
Better sizing (avoiding oversized services and waste);
1461:
Zell-Ziegler, Carina; Förster, Hannah (2018-09-27).
1290:
Contents under Creative Commons CC‑BY‑4.0 licensing.
1460:
1410:
801:– Swiss project at the Basel University (2016–2019)
734:
WEFEL - Wellbeing, energy futures and everyday life
363:
1299:
1084:"AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023 — IPCC"
23:, refers to the concept or strategy to reduce the
1658:Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions
1529:"Energy sufficiency in buildings - Concept paper"
980:
616:– BOKU & Duisburg-Essen University (202–2023)
298:Living and working in smaller (or shared) spaces;
242:Decentralize (choosing local and regional) ;
1741:
1554:"Energy sufficiency in products - Concept paper"
1526:
289:
245:Decommercialization (leaving less room for the
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1300:Guillard, Valérie; Ben Kemoun, Nathan (2019).
1220:
301:Moderating internal temperatures in buildings;
1652:Bocken, N. M. P.; Short, S. W. (2016-03-01).
86:Reduction in energy and resources consumption
27:of societies through moderating the need for
1626:
1014:
981:Muller, Adrian; Huppenbauer, Markus (2016).
954:"The Politics of Sufficiency | oekom verlag"
951:
866:regional energy policies under a new light.
122:
78:
44:
1651:
1464:Mit Suffizienz mehr Klimaschutz modellieren
1351:Technological Forecasting and Social Change
467:in 2018, and the UK court decision to rule
304:Using natural rather than artificial light;
1552:Toulouse, Edouard; Attali, Sophie (2018).
674:Sufficiency Policy in Rural Municipalities
652:– university of Caen-Normandie (2023–2026)
346:Favouring local low-techs over high-techs;
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1362:
1243:
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1601:
1527:Bierwirth, Anja; Thomas, Stefan (2018).
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763:EU policy guidance on energy sufficiency
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349:Switching to vegan and vegetarian diets;
53:, or Uwe Schneidewind's concept of the "
1130:"What is wrong with energy efficiency?"
1102:
926:"Vers la sobriété heureuse | Actes Sud"
873:I – Ifeu, ISOE, FH Dortmund (2019–2022)
840:– Project from Öko-Institut (2012–2013)
650:Exploratoire de la sobriété énergétique
451:The discussion around needs, wants and
236:Decelerate (going slower and less far);
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1427:
1197:
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1167:
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1017:"Energy sufficiency: an introduction"
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471:illegal over climate change in 2020.
313:Sharing equipment between businesses;
239:De-clutter (accumulate fewer things);
145:
80:Plan national de sobriété énergétique
1627:Fawcett, Tina; Darby, Sarah (2019).
1608:EU Science Hub - European Commission
1172:Thomas, Stefan; et al. (2015).
1015:Darby, Sarah; Fawcett, Tina (2018).
976:
974:
947:
945:
919:
917:
483:A common criticism, shared with the
1325:
1134:Building Research & Information
894:
736:(2020–2023) – University of Geneva
628:– University of Utrecht (2017–2022)
512:
190:
154:" are necessary according to IPCC.
49:concept of French environmentalist
13:
1424:
1190:
1162:
861:– French local project (2010–2013)
722:Sufficiency in the building sector
710:SlowHeat: heat bodies not building
495:
474:
14:
1766:
1279:Energy Sufficiency Research Group
971:
942:
914:
217:
1258:
744:
590:Living Well Within Limits (LiLi)
391:in some countries (e.g. France).
364:Sufficiency drivers and policies
1711:
1686:
1645:
1620:
1595:
1570:
1545:
1520:
1505:
1490:
1471:
1454:
1404:
1379:
1338:
1319:
1302:"Penser la sobriété matérielle"
1293:
1245:10.12688/f1000research.108822.1
1128:Shove, Elizabeth (2018-10-03).
544:– EU funded project (2021–2025)
532:– EU funded Project (2022–2024)
268:Reducing (i.e. consuming less);
1364:10.1016/j.techfore.2016.09.013
1256:Updates may become available.
1121:
1096:
1076:
1033:
1008:
888:
429:Facilitating building sharing;
94:
1:
1467:(in German). Umweltbundesamt.
1275:"Sufficiency policy database"
1147:10.1080/09613218.2017.1361746
1054:10.1080/09644016.2016.1164355
881:
828:– IÖW / TU Berlin (2016–2022)
592:– University of Leeds (2017–)
465:Notre-Dame-des-Landes airport
352:Buying locally-produced food;
222:
89:
838:Sufficiency in everyday life
816:– French project (2018–2020)
290:Concrete sufficiency actions
7:
1755:Economics of sustainability
1723:Friends of the Earth Europe
507:
74:Russian invasion of Ukraine
10:
1771:
1671:10.1016/j.eist.2015.07.010
1387:"The négaWatt Association"
1105:"The Logic of Sufficiency"
952:Schneidewind, Uwe (2014).
897:"The Logic of Sufficiency"
415:Personal carbon allowances
1699:www.energysufficiency.org
1558:www.energysufficiency.org
1533:www.energysufficiency.org
1021:www.energysufficiency.org
799:Sufficiency in daily life
604:– BMBF / FONA (2017–2023)
1602:Bertoldi, Paolo (2017).
1497:Sachs, Wolfgang (1993).
1103:Princen, Thomas (2005).
777:– EU project (2016–2019)
389:average beef consumption
115:The Logic of Sufficiency
37:The Logic of Sufficiency
463:government to drop the
25:environmental footprint
17:Ecological sufficiency,
1486:. SHIFT Project. 2019.
1042:Environmental Politics
924:Rabhi, Pierre (2010).
123:
79:
45:
1002:10.14512/gaia.25.2.10
712:– Belgium (2020–2023)
638:Organiser la Sobriété
542:1.5 Degree Lifestyles
446:Limits and challenges
1391:Association négaWatt
688:(MidWay) (2022–2027)
469:Heathrow's extension
359:and packaging waste.
172:Material sufficiency
136:voluntary simplicity
59:voluntary simplicity
765:– eceee (2017–2020)
662:Digital Sufficiency
184:material efficiency
35:, in his 2005 book
664:– ZHAW Switzerland
146:Energy sufficiency
895:Princen, Thomas.
480:infrastructures.
387:The reduction of
322:Sharing vehicles;
259:work-life balance
232:are one example:
197:energy transition
124:Sobriété heureuse
46:Sobriété heureuse
1762:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1715:
1709:
1708:
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1690:
1684:
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1599:
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1590:
1589:
1574:
1568:
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1549:
1543:
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1539:
1524:
1518:
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1509:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1488:
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1475:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1433:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1199:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1109:mitpress.mit.edu
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1012:
1006:
1005:
987:
978:
969:
968:
966:
965:
949:
940:
939:
937:
936:
930:www.actes-sud.fr
921:
912:
911:
909:
907:
901:mitpress.mit.edu
892:
513:Ongoing projects
339:Refraining from
191:Potential impact
126:
82:
48:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1728:
1726:
1717:
1716:
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1701:
1691:
1687:
1650:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1625:
1621:
1612:
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1600:
1596:
1587:
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1575:
1571:
1562:
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1537:
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1525:
1521:
1510:
1506:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1459:
1455:
1446:
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1417:
1409:
1405:
1396:
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1343:
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1309:
1298:
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1284:
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1271:
1267:
1257:
1250:
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1231:
1225:
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1212:
1210:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1163:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1013:
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979:
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963:
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950:
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915:
905:
903:
893:
889:
884:
747:
568:– IIASA (2020–)
515:
510:
498:
496:Rebound effects
477:
475:Economic impact
456:
448:
366:
292:
255:quality of life
225:
220:
193:
174:
148:
97:
92:
87:
12:
11:
5:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1736:
1735:
1710:
1685:
1644:
1619:
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1569:
1544:
1519:
1504:
1489:
1470:
1453:
1423:
1403:
1378:
1337:
1332:Resource Panel
1318:
1292:
1265:
1219:
1189:
1161:
1140:(7): 779–789.
1120:
1095:
1075:
1048:(5): 921–940.
1032:
1007:
996:(2): 105–109.
970:
941:
913:
886:
885:
883:
880:
875:
874:
863:
862:
851:
850:
842:
841:
830:
829:
818:
817:
803:
802:
791:
790:
779:
778:
767:
766:
755:
754:
746:
743:
738:
737:
726:
725:
714:
713:
702:
701:
690:
689:
678:
677:
666:
665:
654:
653:
642:
641:
630:
629:
618:
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605:
594:
593:
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570:
569:
558:
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546:
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534:
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521:
514:
511:
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494:
476:
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449:
447:
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443:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
412:
393:
392:
385:
378:
373:The growth of
365:
362:
361:
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353:
350:
347:
344:
337:
334:
323:
320:
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308:
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291:
288:
279:
278:
275:
272:
269:
251:
250:
243:
240:
237:
230:Wolfgang Sachs
224:
221:
219:
218:Implementation
216:
192:
189:
173:
170:
147:
144:
96:
93:
91:
88:
85:
9:
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1633:www.eceee.org
1630:
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1583:www.eceee.org
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1530:
1523:
1515:
1508:
1500:
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1481:
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1442:www.eceee.org
1439:
1432:
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1428:
1416:
1415:
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1388:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1365:
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1348:
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1329:
1322:
1307:
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1296:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1261:
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1237:
1236:F1000Research
1230:
1223:
1209:
1208:www.eceee.org
1205:
1198:
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1179:
1178:www.eceee.org
1175:
1168:
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1131:
1124:
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1079:
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920:
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902:
898:
891:
887:
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872:
869:
868:
867:
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800:
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785:
784:
783:
776:
773:
772:
771:
764:
761:
760:
759:
752:
749:
748:
745:Past projects
742:
735:
732:
731:
730:
723:
720:
719:
718:
711:
708:
707:
706:
699:
696:
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579:
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567:
566:EDITS Network
564:
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228:suggested by
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1607:
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1557:
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1441:
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1390:
1381:
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1331:
1326:IRP (2020).
1321:
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1305:
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1278:
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1235:
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1177:
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958:www.oekom.de
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900:
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367:
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316:Flying less;
293:
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54:
51:Pierre Rabhi
41:
36:
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16:
15:
1393:(in French)
1357:: 126–134.
1308:(in French)
960:(in German)
753:(2020–2022)
724:(2022–2023)
626:Fair limits
580:(2021–2026)
556:(2020–2023)
384:" movement;
327:remote work
100:Sufficiency
95:Definitions
21:sufficiency
1744:Categories
1729:2020-03-30
1704:2020-03-30
1638:2020-03-30
1613:2020-03-30
1588:2020-03-30
1563:2020-03-30
1538:2020-03-30
1447:2020-03-30
1397:2020-03-30
1312:2020-03-30
1285:2022-04-14
1251:2022-04-12
1213:2020-03-30
1183:2020-03-30
1114:2020-03-30
1089:2023-06-26
1026:2020-03-30
964:2020-03-30
935:2020-03-30
906:15 October
882:References
871:SuPraStadt
453:enoughness
357:food waste
325:Promoting
223:Principles
129:Good Life'
90:Background
55:Good Life"
19:or simply
1680:2210-4224
1664:: 41–61.
1373:0040-1625
1281:. Germany
1156:0961-3218
1070:156769342
1062:0964-4016
859:Sobriétés
807:2000 watt
355:Avoiding
775:ENERGISE
561:demand.
508:Research
485:degrowth
331:flextime
1750:Ecology
1334:. UNEP.
787:EUFORIE
375:cycling
1725:. 2018
1678:
1371:
1154:
1068:
1060:
398:nudged
247:market
29:energy
1484:(PDF)
1418:(PDF)
1306:ADEME
1232:(PDF)
1066:S2CID
986:(PDF)
700:– IÖW
380:The "
1676:ISSN
1369:ISSN
1152:ISSN
1058:ISSN
908:2020
329:and
257:and
158:on.
138:and
72:The
61:and
1666:doi
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33:MIT
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.