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efforts are focused near appropriate rocky habitats. Existing studies suggest these bats most commonly use ground level rock roosts in talus slopes, rock fields, stone rip rap, and vertical cliff faces for their summer roosts. The species has also been documented roosting in or on buildings. On average they change their roosts every 1.1 days, and in one study males traveled about 41 meters between consecutive roosts and females around 67 meters. This study also found that females roosting sites were closer to ephemeral water sources than male's roosts. However in another study on talus slopes in
Virginia, males and female roosts appeared to be segregated on the basis of rock size. Reproductive females in Virginia roosted in boulders that were larger and more thermally stable than those used by males at the same sites. Temperatures in maternity roosts did not get as high as some male roosts during the day and they tended to retain more heat through the night, a microclimate likely beneficial to young bats that remain in the roost at night. Females who have young require roost sites that receive a lot of sunlight in order to keep the pups warm while the mother is away from the roost. Reproductive females and their young are sometimes observed congregated at the entrance to the roost, or even just outside the roost, likely to aid in thermoregulation.
579:. Many states in the US in which the bat resides have begun listing it as threatened, and have begun conservation efforts in order to improve its numbers. In Canada, eastern small-footed bats are considered endangered in Ontario, and "threatened or vulnerable" in Quebec. The species is not protected under the US Endangered Species Act, but was a former C2 candidate for listing prior to the abolishment of that category by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife service in 1996. Some states (e.g. Pennsylvania) have given the species legal protection while others have recognized its apparently low numbers and consider the eastern small-footed bat a species of concern. In the report Species of Special Concern in Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Biological Survey assigned
455:, and has been counted at approximately 125 caves and mines. They are one of the last species to enter hibernation in the fall and the first to leave in the spring, with a hibernation period lasting from late November to early April. They have been found in relatively cold caves and mines and can tolerate lower temperatures than other bat species. Unlike most other bat species, they often hibernate in caves and mines that are relatively short (150m) and they are most often found hibernating near the entrance where temperatures sometimes dip below zero and the humidity is low (Barbour and Davis 1969; Merritt 1987; Harvey 1992). Eastern small-footed bats have been impacted by the fungal disease
468:
459:(WNS), but apparently less so than some other eastern bat species. Aspects of their biology make them difficult to count during surveys of hibernacula, but also probably offer some protection from WNS. For example, they tend to hibernate individually or in groups of less than 50, and often in small crevices. Bat biologists have speculated that the species also hibernates outside of caves and mines. Observations of eastern small-footed bats in western Virginia roosting in crevices along sandstone cliff faces in winter support this idea.
501:
occurs in the spring once the females are active again, and gestation occurs between 50–60 days with young being born in late May and early June. Mating has also been noted to occur throughout the hibernation period, if individuals are awake. During the time of breeding, large number of bats come together in a behavior commonly known as "swarming". All bats of this genus are polyandrous, meaning they mate with multiple partners throughout the mating period. This mating behavior allows them to increase the likelihood of
262:
using surveys conducted in caves and mines in the winter, but eastern small-footed bats hibernate in places that make them unlikely to be encountered during these surveys. Perhaps as a result, the numbers of eastern small-footed bats counted in winter tend to be low and they are relatively variable compared to other species of bats. Many biologists believe the species is stable, having declined little in recent times, but that it is vulnerable due to its relatively restricted geographic range and habitat needs.
444:
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86:
204:
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42:
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information regarding their spring and summer roosting sites, meaningful conservation efforts are difficult. The species will not usually use bat boxes like many other bat species, so construction of bat boxes is not an appropriate action to mitigate against habitat disturbance issues. However, the species is known to roost in man-made rocky habitats such as road cuts and rip-rap embankments, suggesting it should be possible to create roost sites for conservation purposes.
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use the same rock outcrops, but as is typical for other bats in the genus, the sexes typically roost separately from one another. In
Virginia, both sexes appear to roost alone or occasionally in pairs, except females begin to congregate into maternity groups around the time pups are born and likely maintain these "maternity colonies" until pups are weaned. Size of maternity colonies is not well studied, but they appear to form smaller groups than other bats in the genus.
61:
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counted in hibernacula suggested a 12 percent decline in eastern small-footed bat populations. However, changes in capture rates during summer, in West
Virginia and New Hampshire, suggested declines from WNS may have been more severe (68–84%). Due to their dependency on exposed and predominantly non-forested rock outcrops for roosting sites, they may be at risk from "natural" processes such as forest encroachment and establishment of more
275:(the membrane between the legs and tail) are dark and contrast starkly with the lighter colored fur on the rest of the body. The fur on the dorsal side of their body is dark at the roots, and fades to a light brown at the tips, which gives the bats a signature shiny, chestnut-brown appearance. Like all bats, the eastern small-footed bat has a
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hibernating bats. Once awake bats begin to expend energy and deplete critical fat reserves needed to survive winter. If disturbances within hibernacula are repeated, bats (especially juveniles) are likely to die. This phenomenon was well documented in other species of bats in eastern North
America, such as the
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forest types due to suppression of forest fires. Likewise, the species is likely threatened by a host of human activities that impact rocky habitats or the surrounding areas where eastern small-footed bats forage, such as: mining, quarrying, oil and gas drilling and other forms of mineral extraction,
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and are capable of filling their stomachs within an hour of eating. They are nighttime foragers and usually forage in and along wooded areas at and below canopy height, over streams and ponds, and along cliffs. Moths compose nearly half of their diet, and they forage primarily on soft-bodied prey. It
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Newborn bats (called "pups") weigh 20–35% of their mother's body weight and are completely dependent on their mother. The young's large body size is believed to lead to high-energy expenditure from the mother, which is what limits her to only having one offspring a year. Adult males and females may
549:
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal infection that attacks bats while they hibernate. In the first six years following the discovery of WNS, 7 million bats of six different species were estimated to have been killed by the disease. Early estimates of impacts from white-nose syndrome based on bats
508:
Male bats initiate copulation by mounting the female and tilting her head back nearly perpendicularly. The male secures his position by biting and pulling back on the hairs at the base of the female's skull. The male then uses his thumbs to further stabilize his position and enters the female using
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reproductive strategy means that their populations are not capable of withstanding high mortality rates, making them particularly vulnerable to sudden population declines. Mating most often occurs in autumn and the female stores the male's sperm throughout hibernation in the winter. Fertilization
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has caused declines in their populations. However, most occurrences of this species have only been counted within the past decade or two and are not revisited regularly, making their population status difficult to assess. Additionally, most bat populations in the eastern U.S. have been monitored
479:
Compared to many other bat species, relatively little information about the spring and summer roosting locations of eastern small-footed bats is available. Summer roosts were previously considered difficult to find, but recent studies have shown that the species can be easy to locate if survey
270:
The eastern small footed bat is between 65 and 95 millimeters in length, has a wingspan of 210 to 250 millimeters, and weighs between 4 and 8 grams (with 4.0 to 5.25 grams being typical). The bat got its name from its very small hind feet, which are at most 8 millimeters long. A
368:
forests. Most observations have been from mountainous areas from 240–1125 meters in elevation, where exposed rock formations are more common. However, the species has also been observed at lower elevation rocky sites. During the spring, summer, and autumn they predominantly roost at emergent
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the status of "threatened". Other states, such as
Virginia, are currently working to get the eastern small-footed Myotis legal protection. Despite these efforts not many conservation projects have been initiated to help the species. Due to their cryptic hibernation patterns, and the lack of
529:
The main threat to this species is habitat disturbance, both natural and human caused. They also likely are under threat from white-nose syndrome, pollution (especially water pollution) and human disturbance during hibernation. Very low levels of light, noise and heat are sufficient to wake
242:
and in mountainous portions of the eastern United States from New
England to northern Georgia, and westward to northern Arkansas. It is among the smallest bats in eastern North America and is known for its small feet and black face-mask. Until recently, all North American small-footed
888:
Pennsylvania
Ecological Services Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2011). "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List the Eastern Small-Footed Bat and the Northern Long-Eared Bat as Threatened or Endangered".
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logging, highway construction, wind energy and other forms of agricultural, industrial and residential development. However, it is also likely that some of the above activities have created roosting sites by providing exposed rock faces.
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have been found in New York, Pennsylvania, West
Virginia and the western part of Virginia. The total count of individuals across all known hibernacula is only 3,000, with roughly 60% of the total number from just two sites in New York.
509:
his penis, stabilized by its baculum, under her interfemoral membrane. Both individuals have been noted to be very quiet during copulation. Once the process is over the male dismounts the female and flies away to find another mate.
301:(cartilagenous rod on the hind legs to support the interfemoral membrane). The keeled calcar combined with their small forearms (less than 34 mm in length) can be used to distinguish them from all other
373:, but also man-made structures, including buildings, joints between segments of cement guard rails, turnpike tunnels, road-cuts, and rip-rap covered dams. The largest populations of
492:
A lactating female (left) and a juvenile (right) eastern small-footed bat visible in the entrance to their maternity roost. Note the differences in fur color and body proportions.
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is believed that the avoidance of hard prey is due to their small, delicate skulls. The food habits of eastern small-footed bats are similar to those of the closely related
328:), especially in individuals where the face-mask is less apparent; however, forearm size less than 34 mm and presence of a keeled calcar are considered diagnostic.
271:
defining characteristic of this bat is its appearance of having a dark facial "mask", created by nearly black ears and muzzle. In most individuals, the ears, wings and
2680:
2664:
1011:
Whitby, Scott (2013). "The
Discovery of a Reproductive Population of Eastern Small-footed bat, Myotis leibii, in Southern Illinois Using a Novel Survey Method".
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that connects the body to the forelimbs and tail, aiding in flight. Their head is relatively flat and short, with a forehead that slopes gradually away from the
675:
496:
As with many other species of bats, the eastern small-footed bat usually has only one offspring a year, although a few instances of twins have been noted. This
803:
Moosman; Veilleux; Pelton; Thomas (2013). "Changes in
Capture Rates in a Community of Bats in New Hampshire during the Progression of White-nose Syndrome".
257:. The eastern small-footed bat is rare throughout its range, although the species may be locally abundant where suitable habitat exists. Studies suggest
1336:
Moosman, Paul (2017). "Use of rock-crevices in winter by big brown bats and eastern small-footed bats in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley of Virginia".
360:. Distribution is spotty within their entire range, and they are considered to be uncommon. These bats are mostly associated with rock formations in
2052:
1747:
1043:
Kearny, Valerie (2022). "Distribution and Roost Site Selection of Eastern Smallfooted Bats (Myotis leibii) in Mountains of West-central Arkansas".
525:
Changes in numbers of eastern small-footed bats captured during mist-net surveys in New Hampshire during the period when WNS arrived in the region.
841:
Turner; Reeder; Coleman (2011). "Changes in Capture Rates in a Community of Bats in New Hampshire during the Progression of White-nose Syndrome".
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in eastern North America. The tail is between 25 and 45 millimeters in length and protrudes past their interfemoral membrane. They have a
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17:
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1532:
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1271:
2815:
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Whitaker, J. O.; Masser, C.; Cross, S. P. (1981). "Food habits if Eastern Oregon bats, based on stomach and scat analyses".
753:"Capture and Reproductive Trends in Summer Bat Communities in West Virginia: Assessing the Impact of White-Nose Syndrome"
860:
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1701:
992:
683:
65:
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1504:
Heoways. H., F.J. Brenner (1985). Species of Special Concern in Pennsylvania. Carnegie Museum of Natural History.
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1200:
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Moosman; Warner; Hendren; Hosler (2015). "Potential for monitoring eastern small-footed bats on talus slopes".
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887:
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472:
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Moosman; et al. (2007). "Food Habits of Eastern Small-footed Bats (Myotis leibii) in New Hampshire".
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Erdle Y., S. Hobson (2001). Current status and conservation strategy for the eastern small footed Myotis (
2849:
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1870:
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Scott, Victoria (2014). Powers, Karen; Newtoff, Kiersten; Whistleman, Melissa; Kent, Catherine (eds.).
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1906:
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Best, T., J.S. Altenback., J.M. Harvey Eastern small-footed bat. The Tennessee Bat Working Group.
652:
408:
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85:
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Johnson & Gates (2007). "Food Habits of Myotis leibii during Fall Swarming in West Virginia".
1139:), Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, National Heritage Technical Report: #00-19.
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A rock outcrop in western Virginia used as an overwintering site by an eastern small-footed bat
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genus. They have erect ears, which are broad at the base and a short flat nose. Like other
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Chapman, B (2007). "The Land Manager's Guide to Mammals of the South. Durham, NC".
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Eastern small-footed bats are believed to feed primarily on flying insects such as
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Johnson, J.S.; Kiser, J.D.; Watrous, K.S.; Peterson, T.S. (2011). "Day-Roosts of
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The eastern small-footed bat has been recorded living up to the age of 12 years.
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Johnson, J.; Gates, E. (2008). "Spring migration and roost selection of female
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Moosman, Paul R; Marsh, David M; Pody, Emily K; Brust, Timothy J (2023-04-21).
601:
306:
1360:"Efficacy of visual surveys for monitoring populations of talus-roosting bats"
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Francl, Karen E.; Ford, W. Mark; Sparks, Dale W.; Brack, Virgil (2011-12-30).
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1982:
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Example of a human made structure known to support eastern small-footed bats.
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227:
251:". The western population is now considered to be a separate species,
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361:
320:. Eastern small-footed bats are most likely to be confused with the
97:
2692:
1287:
1272:"Correspondence of food habits and morphology in insectivorous bats"
957:
940:
2715:
2033:
1879:
1560:
1542:
539:
341:
337:
276:
117:
1227:"Foods of bats from five sites in New Hampshire and Massachusetts"
1077:"Differential selection of roosts by Eastern Small-footed Myotis (
987:(Third ed.). Comstock Publishing Associates. pp. 89–92.
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and Ohio River basin, south into northern Georgia, and north into
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The eastern small-footed bat has been most often reported during
387:
353:
231:
223:
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1595:
1566:
1554:
357:
298:
239:
235:
127:
107:
283:, a feature that distinguishes them from other species in the
395:
391:
1390:
802:
576:
1201:
10.1674/0003-0031(2007)158[354:fhoesb]2.0.co;2
983:
Whitaker, Jr., John O.; Hamilton, Jr., William J. (1998).
982:
712:
1572:
1163:
10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[317:fhomld]2.0.co;2
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rock-outcrops such as cliffs, bluffs, shale barrens, and
137:
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in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley of West Virginia".
978:
976:
1074:
750:
505:, and therefore increase their reproductive success.
973:
1316:
840:
1540:
2921:
865:(Audubon and Bachman); Eastern small-footed Bat"
858:
1500:
1498:
1428:
1426:
1081:) relative to rock structure and microclimate"
908:
854:
852:
653:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T14172A22055716.en
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621:
619:
617:
462:
1495:
1432:
1423:
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1263:
1148:
938:
883:
881:
336:The range of this species includes northern
1129:
849:
1533:
1519:
1251:
927:
627:
614:
571:The eastern small-footed bat is listed as
483:
202:
59:
40:
1375:
1242:
1112:
956:
939:Best, T.L.; Jennings, J.B. (1997-05-09).
878:
768:
651:
331:
562:
520:
487:
466:
442:
1364:Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management
1357:
1335:
1269:
1186:
914:
757:Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management
14:
2922:
1224:
1042:
1010:
682:. Animal Diversity Web. Archived from
673:
2697:
2696:
1514:
1471:
1353:
1351:
1220:
1218:
1182:
1180:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1038:
1036:
1034:
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297:. They also have a distinctly keeled
985:Mammals of the Eastern United States
836:
834:
798:
796:
746:
744:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
639:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
415:), as well as other North American
24:
2950:Fauna of the Eastern United States
1348:
1215:
1177:
1063:
1031:
1001:
667:
471:An eastern small-footed myotis at
25:
2971:
1702:Sir David Attenborough's myotis (
831:
793:
741:
697:
2930:IUCN Red List endangered species
2229:Dark-nosed small-footed myotis (
84:
2272:Wall-roosting mouse-eared bat (
1465:
1329:
1142:
558:
438:
265:
230:. It can be found in southern
13:
1:
2671:Taiwan broad-muzzled myotis (
2159:Eastern small-footed myotis (
607:
2518:Mandelli's mouse-eared bat (
2211:Pallid large-footed myotis (
587:
473:Grayson Highlands State Park
7:
2195:Eastern long-fingered bat (
1189:American Midland Naturalist
1025:10.1674/0003-0031-169.1.229
1013:American Midland Naturalist
595:
196:Audubon & Bachman, 1842
18:Eastern Small-footed Myotis
10:
2976:
2439:Rickett's big-footed bat (
2025:Malagasy mouse-eared bat (
1871:Csorba's mouse-eared bat (
1844:Western small-footed bat (
1451:10.1656/1092-6194-15.3.453
516:
463:Spring and summer roosting
2960:Mammals described in 1842
2945:Bats of the United States
2705:
2652:
2527:Himalayan whiskered bat (
2502:Northern long-eared bat (
2493:Scott's mouse-eared bat (
2387:Beijing mouse-eared bat (
2360:Singapore whiskered bat (
2281:Greater mouse-eared bat (
2059:Lesser large-footed bat (
1593:
1549:
1231:Canadian Field-Naturalist
201:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
35:Eastern small-footed bat
34:
2043:Armenian whiskered bat (
1907:Kock's mouse-eared bat (
1772:Rufous mouse-eared bat (
1763:Lesser mouse-eared bat (
1244:10.22621/cfn.v126i2.1326
409:western small-footed bat
214:eastern small-footed bat
2622:Yanbaru whiskered bat (
2254:Burmese whiskered bat (
1439:Northeastern Naturalist
1397:Northeastern Naturalist
1270:Freeman, P. W. (1981).
1225:Thomas, Howard (2012).
1151:Northeastern Naturalist
1097:10.1093/jmammal/gyad037
1045:Southeastern Naturalist
859:Linzey, D.; Brecht, C.
805:Northeastern Naturalist
770:10.3996/062011-JFWM-039
715:Northeastern Naturalist
484:Mating and reproduction
381:
247:were considered to be "
2466:Thick-thumbed myotis (
2143:Chinese water myotis (
1623:Silver-tipped myotis (
1377:10.3996/122019-NAF-002
1358:Moosman, Paul (2020).
917:The Nature Conservancy
568:
526:
493:
476:
448:
332:Range and distribution
293:, they have a pointed
2902:Paleobiology Database
2125:Hairy-legged myotis (
1729:Southeastern myotis (
1711:Southwestern myotis (
1541:Species of subfamily
646:: e.T14172A22055716.
566:
524:
491:
470:
446:
346:Appalachian Mountains
273:interfemoral membrane
2604:Long-legged myotis (
2412:Flat-headed myotis (
2326:Nimba mountain bat (
1781:Far Eastern myotis (
1482:Animal Diversity Web
1409:10.1656/045.018.0109
1276:Journal of Mammalogy
1085:Journal of Mammalogy
1057:10.1656/058.021.0201
817:10.1656/045.020.0405
727:10.1656/045.022.0102
721:: NENHC–1–NENHC–13.
674:Blasko, Jen (2001).
2396:Eastern water bat (
2378:Peninsular myotis (
2220:Schwartz's myotis (
1957:Long-eared myotis (
1853:Guatemalan myotis (
1817:Long-fingered bat (
1808:California myotis (
1720:Australian myotis (
897:(125): 38095–38106.
628:Solari, S. (2018).
457:white nose syndrome
259:white-nose syndrome
51:Conservation status
2504:M. septentrionalis
2186:Little brown bat (
2177:Kashmir cave bat (
2168:Yellowish myotis (
2016:Gomantong myotis (
2007:Fraternal myotis (
1973:Findley's myotis (
1923:Dominican myotis (
1605:Large-footed bat (
569:
527:
494:
477:
449:
433:M. septentrionalis
254:Myotis ciliolabrum
2917:
2916:
2889:Open Tree of Life
2699:Taxon identifiers
2690:
2689:
2613:Welwitsch's bat (
2484:Schaub's myotis (
2457:Riparian myotis (
2430:Felten's myotis (
2222:M. martiniquensis
2093:Ikonnikov's bat (
2077:Horsfield's bat (
2068:Herman's myotis (
2018:M. gomantongensis
1998:Cinnamon myotis (
1889:Daubenton's bat (
1799:Bocharic myotis (
1754:Bechstein's bat (
1738:Chestnut myotis (
1731:M. austroriparius
1693:Peters's myotis (
1675:Hairy-faced bat (
1641:Szechwan myotis (
1632:Myotis alcathoe (
1614:Southern myotis (
1319:Northwest Science
949:Mammalian Species
843:Bat Research News
544:Myotis grisescens
401:California myotis
210:
209:
74:
16:(Redirected from
2967:
2935:Mouse-eared bats
2910:
2909:
2897:
2896:
2884:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2844:
2832:
2831:
2819:
2818:
2806:
2805:
2793:
2792:
2780:
2779:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2753:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2694:
2693:
2579:Cape hairy bat (
2570:Fringed myotis (
2536:Velvety myotis (
2421:Frosted myotis (
2369:Montane myotis (
2351:Arizona myotis (
2308:Curacao myotis (
2299:Natterer's bat (
2197:M. macrodactylus
2109:Insular myotis (
2103:M. indochinensis
1941:Geoffroy's bat (
1932:Elegant myotis (
1898:David's myotis (
1864:Myotis crypticus
1862:Cryptic myotis (
1826:Chilean myotis (
1704:M. attenboroughi
1684:Atacama myotis (
1659:Annamit myotis (
1650:Anjouan myotis (
1579:Vespertilionidae
1535:
1528:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1116:
1072:
1061:
1060:
1040:
1029:
1028:
1008:
999:
998:
980:
971:
970:
960:
936:
925:
924:
912:
906:
898:
891:Federal Register
885:
876:
875:
873:
872:
856:
847:
846:
838:
829:
828:
800:
791:
790:
772:
748:
739:
738:
710:
695:
694:
692:
691:
671:
665:
664:
662:
660:
655:
625:
421:little brown bat
326:Myotis lucifugus
322:little brown bat
319:
318:
317:
314:
206:
192:
148:Vespertilionidae
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2905:
2900:
2892:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2796:
2788:
2783:
2775:
2770:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2701:
2691:
2686:
2648:
2642:Myotis zenatius
2640:Zenati myotis (
2529:M. siligorensis
2380:M. peninsularis
2290:Whiskered bat (
2245:Maluku myotis (
2231:M. melanorhinus
2134:Keen's myotis (
2045:M. hajastanicus
1989:Hodgson's bat (
1925:M. dominicensis
1810:M. californicus
1652:M. anjouanensis
1589:
1545:
1539:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1470:
1466:
1431:
1424:
1389:
1385:
1356:
1349:
1334:
1330:
1315:
1311:
1288:10.2307/1380489
1268:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1223:
1216:
1185:
1178:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1073:
1064:
1041:
1032:
1009:
1002:
995:
981:
974:
958:10.2307/3504255
937:
928:
913:
909:
886:
879:
870:
868:
867:. Discover Life
857:
850:
839:
832:
801:
794:
749:
742:
711:
698:
689:
687:
672:
668:
658:
656:
626:
615:
610:
598:
590:
561:
519:
486:
465:
441:
405:M. californicus
384:
334:
311:
310:
268:
197:
194:
188:
175:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2973:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2940:Bats of Canada
2937:
2932:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2898:
2885:
2872:
2859:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2807:
2794:
2781:
2768:
2755:
2742:
2727:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2681:S. moupinensis
2677:
2673:S. latirostris
2668:
2665:S. caliginosus
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2624:M. yanbarensis
2619:
2615:M. welwitschii
2610:
2601:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2564:M. taiwanensis
2560:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2448:Ridley's bat (
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2341:
2335:Nepal myotis (
2332:
2323:
2317:Black myotis (
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2269:
2263:Morris's bat (
2260:
2251:
2242:
2239:M. midastactus
2235:
2226:
2217:
2213:M. macrotarsus
2208:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2099:
2090:
2083:
2079:M. horsfieldii
2074:
2065:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1963:
1954:
1947:
1943:M. emarginatus
1938:
1929:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1891:M. daubentonii
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1846:M. ciliolabrum
1841:
1835:Large myotis (
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1801:M. bucharensis
1796:
1790:Brandt's bat (
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1756:M. bechsteinii
1751:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1686:M. atacamensis
1681:
1672:
1665:
1661:M. annamiticus
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1506:
1494:
1464:
1445:(3): 453–460.
1437:in Maryland".
1422:
1383:
1370:(2): 597–608.
1347:
1328:
1309:
1282:(1): 166–173.
1262:
1250:
1214:
1195:(2): 354–360.
1176:
1157:(3): 317–322.
1141:
1128:
1091:(4): 723–738.
1062:
1030:
1000:
993:
972:
926:
907:
877:
848:
830:
811:(4): 552–558.
792:
740:
696:
666:
612:
611:
609:
606:
605:
604:
602:Bats of Canada
597:
594:
589:
586:
560:
557:
536:Myotis sodalis
518:
515:
485:
482:
464:
461:
440:
437:
413:M. ciliolabrum
383:
380:
344:, east to the
333:
330:
307:dental formula
267:
264:
208:
207:
199:
198:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
172:M. leibii
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
27:Species of bat
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2972:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:Myotis_leibii
2747:
2743:
2738:
2737:Myotis leibii
2732:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2707:Myotis leibii
2704:
2700:
2695:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2633:M. yumanensis
2631:Yuma myotis (
2629:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2588:Cave myotis (
2586:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2572:M. thysanodes
2568:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2545:Indiana bat (
2543:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2406:M. phanluongi
2403:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2337:M. nipalensis
2333:
2331:
2329:
2328:M. nimbaensis
2324:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2292:M. mystacinus
2288:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2256:M. montivagus
2252:
2250:
2248:
2247:M. moluccarum
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2119:M. izecksohni
2116:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2095:M. ikonnikovi
2091:
2089:
2088:
2087:M. hyrcanicus
2084:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2036:M. grisescens
2032:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1967:M. fimbriatus
1964:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1855:M. cobanensis
1851:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1828:M. chiloensis
1824:
1822:
1820:
1819:M. capaccinii
1815:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1669:M. annatessae
1666:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1501:
1499:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1476:Myotis leibii
1468:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:Myotis leibii
1429:
1427:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:(1): 96–106.
1402:
1398:
1394:
1393:Myotis leibii
1387:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1137:Myotis leibii
1132:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1079:Myotis leibii
1071:
1069:
1067:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1005:
996:
994:0-8014-3475-0
990:
986:
979:
977:
968:
964:
959:
954:
950:
946:
944:
935:
933:
931:
922:
918:
911:
905:
902:
896:
892:
884:
882:
866:
864:
863:Myotis leibii
855:
853:
844:
837:
835:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
799:
797:
788:
784:
780:
776:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
745:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
686:on 2007-05-09
685:
681:
679:
678:Myotis leibii
670:
654:
649:
645:
641:
640:
635:
633:
632:Myotis leibii
624:
622:
620:
618:
613:
603:
600:
599:
593:
585:
582:
581:Myotis leibii
578:
574:
565:
556:
553:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
523:
514:
510:
506:
504:
499:
490:
481:
474:
469:
460:
458:
454:
445:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
393:
389:
379:
376:
375:Myotis leibii
372:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
340:and southern
339:
329:
327:
323:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:
282:
278:
274:
263:
260:
256:
255:
250:
249:Myotis leibii
246:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:
219:Myotis leibii
215:
205:
200:
193:
191:
190:Myotis leibii
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2955:Cave mammals
2706:
2679:
2672:
2663:
2653:
2641:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2555:
2554:Kei myotis (
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2512:M. sibiricus
2510:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2475:Red myotis (
2467:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2423:M. pruinosus
2422:
2414:M. planiceps
2413:
2404:
2397:
2389:M. pequinius
2388:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2336:
2327:
2319:M. nigricans
2318:
2310:M. nesopolus
2309:
2301:M. nattereri
2300:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2196:
2188:M. lucifugus
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2111:M. insularum
2110:
2101:
2094:
2085:
2078:
2069:
2061:M. hasseltii
2060:
2051:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
2000:M. fortidens
1999:
1990:
1981:
1974:
1965:
1958:
1951:M. escalerai
1949:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1917:M. diminutus
1915:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1882:M. dasycneme
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1837:M. chinensis
1836:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1739:
1730:
1722:M. australis
1721:
1713:M. auriculus
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1677:M. annectans
1676:
1667:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1625:M. albescens
1624:
1615:
1606:
1594:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:
1475:
1467:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1367:
1363:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1234:
1230:
1192:
1188:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1051:(2): 74–92.
1048:
1044:
1016:
1012:
984:
951:(547): 1–6.
948:
943:Myotis leibi
942:
920:
916:
910:
894:
890:
869:. Retrieved
862:
842:
808:
804:
763:(1): 33–42.
760:
756:
718:
714:
688:. Retrieved
684:the original
677:
669:
657:. Retrieved
643:
637:
631:
591:
580:
570:
559:Conservation
548:
543:
535:
528:
511:
507:
495:
478:
450:
432:
429:northern bat
425:M. lucifugus
424:
416:
412:
404:
385:
374:
371:talus slopes
335:
325:
302:
290:
284:
269:
253:
248:
244:
218:
217:
213:
211:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
29:
2863:NatureServe
2785:iNaturalist
2731:Wikispecies
2655:Submyotodon
2581:M. tricolor
2556:M. stalkeri
2520:M. sicarius
2459:M. riparius
2441:M. ricketti
2353:M. occultus
2274:M. muricola
2205:M. macropus
2179:M. longipes
2053:M. handleyi
1991:M. formosus
1975:M. findleyi
1792:M. brandtii
1783:M. bombinus
1748:M. bartelsi
1643:M. altarium
1634:M. alcathoe
1607:M. adversus
1583:Subfamily:
1237:: 117–124.
1019:: 229–233.
532:Indiana bat
475:in Virginia
453:hibernation
439:Hibernation
352:, southern
350:New England
266:Description
2924:Categories
2590:M. velifer
2547:M. sodalis
2486:M. schaubi
2468:M. rosseti
2450:M. ridleyi
2432:M. punicus
2371:M. oxyotus
2265:M. morrisi
2145:M. laniger
2070:M. hermani
2034:Gray bat (
2027:M. goudoti
1934:M. elegans
1909:M. dieteri
1900:M. davidii
1880:Pond bat (
1873:M. csorbai
1774:M. bocagii
1765:M. blythii
1616:M. aelleni
1573:Chiroptera
1338:Banisteria
1325:: 281–292.
871:2007-12-07
690:2007-06-30
608:References
573:endangered
503:copulation
498:k-selected
366:coniferous
228:vesper bat
138:Chiroptera
66:Endangered
2606:M. volans
2598:M. vivesi
2495:M. scotti
2362:M. oreias
2345:M. nyctor
2283:M. myotis
2161:M. leibii
2153:M. lavali
2136:M. keenii
2127:M. keaysi
2009:M. frater
1983:M. flavus
1959:M. evotis
1740:M. badius
1553:Kingdom:
1105:0022-2372
779:1944-687X
588:Longevity
362:deciduous
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2868:2.106402
2855:13802455
2803:10194091
2722:Q1832366
2716:Wikidata
2538:M. simus
2477:M. ruber
2398:M. petax
2170:M. levis
1585:Myotinae
1577:Family:
1567:Mammalia
1561:Chordata
1559:Phylum:
1555:Animalia
1543:Myotinae
1487:22 April
1459:86480502
1417:86639908
1304:12934993
1209:86157856
1171:85677262
1123:37545666
1114:10399919
923:: 1–559.
825:84927003
787:86432394
735:86134583
659:22 April
596:See also
540:gray bat
342:Missouri
338:Arkansas
277:patagium
144:Family:
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2842:1005428
2777:2432455
1695:M. ater
1571:Order:
1565:Class:
1344:: 9–13.
1296:1380489
967:3504255
575:by the
517:Threats
419:, e.g.
388:beetles
354:Ontario
316:3.1.3.3
313:2.1.3.3
281:rostrum
232:Ontario
224:species
222:) is a
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2907:367939
2894:217241
2816:179999
2764:327547
1596:Myotis
1457:
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427:) and
417:Myotis
407:) and
394:, and
358:Quebec
303:Myotis
299:calcar
295:tragus
291:Myotis
286:Myotis
245:Myotis
240:Canada
236:Quebec
159:Myotis
2881:27668
2829:14172
2798:IRMNG
2790:40349
1455:S2CID
1413:S2CID
1300:S2CID
1292:JSTOR
1205:S2CID
1167:S2CID
963:JSTOR
904:38095
821:S2CID
783:S2CID
731:S2CID
552:mesic
396:flies
392:moths
2876:NCBI
2824:IUCN
2811:ITIS
2772:GBIF
1489:2024
1119:PMID
1101:ISSN
989:ISBN
775:ISSN
661:2024
644:2018
577:IUCN
382:Diet
356:and
234:and
212:The
2850:MSW
2837:MDD
2759:EoL
2746:ADW
1447:doi
1405:doi
1372:doi
1284:doi
1239:doi
1235:126
1197:doi
1193:158
1159:doi
1109:PMC
1093:doi
1089:104
1053:doi
1021:doi
1017:169
953:doi
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