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muscles. Similarly the fleshy pad that houses the follicles of the remiges (primary and secondary feathers) caudal to the hand and the ulna is also often referred to as a patagium. The interremigial ligament that connects the bases all the primary and secondary feathers as it passes from the tip of
215:
and other mammals also have patagia that extend between the limbs; as in bats and pterosaurs, they also possess propatagia and uropatagia. Though the forelimb is not as specialised as in true flyers, the membrane tends to be an equally complex organ, composed of various muscle groups and fibers.
323:
had rather elaborate, superficially bat-like patagia in the forelimbs, unique among dinosaurs. The exact extent is not clear, but they were extensive and supported by a long styliform bone as in gliding mammals. Other scansoriopterygids might have had similar patagia, based on their long third
523:"Evolutionary transformation of the cervicobrachial plexus in the colugo (Cynocephalidae: Dermoptera) with a comparison to treeshrews (Tupaiidae: Scandentia) and strepsirrhines (Strepsirrhini: Primates)"
295:, making up the leading edge of the inner wing. Many authors use the term to describe the fold of skin between the body (behind the shoulder) and the elbow that houses the outer segments of the
429:"Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation"
486:
Endo, Hideki; Yokokawa, Kayoko; Kurohmaru, Masamichi; Hayashi, Yoshihiro (February 1998). "Functional anatomy of gliding membrane muscles in the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)".
161:
In the flying pterosaurs, the patagium was composed of the membrane forming the surface of the wing, supported primarily between the body and the elongated fourth finger.
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Propatagium: the anterior-most membrane, extending from the shoulder to the wrist. Pterosaurs developed a unique bone to support this membrane, the pteroid.
191:" (area conjunctioning the wing with the body at the neck), as opposed to the feathered or fur-composed "fairing" seen in birds and bats respectively.
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forming the surface of the wing is an extension of the skin of the abdomen that runs to the tip of each digit, uniting the forelimb with the body.
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569:
265:
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Brachiopatagium: the main flight surface, stretching from the elongated fourth finger to the hindlimbs.
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the hand to the elbow is thought to represent the caudal edge of the ancestral form of this patagium.
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Uropatagium or cruropatagium: the posterior-most membrane occurring between the two hindlimbs.
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Pittman, Michael; Barlow, Luke A.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Habib, Michael B. (2 November 2021).
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Various species have styliform bones to support the membranes, either on the elbow (
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Plagiopatagium: the portion found between the last digit and the hindlimbs.
98:. The patagium that stretches between an animal's hind limbs is called the
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Uropatagium: the posterior portion of the flap between the two hindlimbs.
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Kawashima, T; Murakami, K; Takayanagi, M; Sato, F (November 2012).
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Propatagium: the patagium present from the neck to the first digit.
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Membranous structure that assists an animal in gliding or flight
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280:-like extension of skin that catches the air, which allows
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Elgin, Ross A.; Hone, David W.E.; Frey, Eberhard (2011).
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Dactylopatagium: the portion found within the digits.
369:sleeves, which mimic the patagia of flying mammals
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433:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
139:The patagium of a bat has four distinct parts:
585:King, Anthony Stuart; McLelland, John (1979).
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388:"The Extent of the Pterosaur Flight Membrane"
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354: – Genus of scansoriopterygid dinosaur
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488:Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
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403:
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181:A laser-stimulated fluorescence scan on
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361: – Variant of skydiving that uses
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234:) or on the wrist (flying squirrels).
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46:that assists an animal in obtaining
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347: – Extinct genus of dinosaur
337: – Extinct family of mammals
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187:also identified a membranous "
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560:Pennycuick, Colin J. (2008).
500:10.1016/S0940-9602(98)80149-0
392:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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102:(especially in bats) or the
58:. The structure is found in
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564:. Academic Press/Elsevier.
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276:, the patagium is the flat
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587:Form and Function in Birds
168:had three distinct parts:
125:Lasiurus blossevillii
68:flying and gliding animals
562:Modelling the Flying Bird
297:latissimus dorsi caudalis
260:(throat flap) and patagia
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454:10.1073/pnas.2107631118
166:patagium of a pterosaur
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268:species, such as some
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405:10.4202/app.2009.0145
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104:interfemoral membrane
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445:2021PNAS..11807631P
439:(44): e2107631118.
589:. Academic Press.
527:Folia Morphologica
301:triceps scapularis
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42:) is a membranous
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596:978-0-12-407503-0
571:978-0-12-374299-5
309:scansoriopterygid
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253:Draco spilonotus
201:Flying squirrels
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359:Wingsuit flying
335:Volaticotherium
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196:Gliding mammals
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88:gliding mammals
25:flying squirrel
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631:Insect anatomy
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616:Mammal anatomy
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533:(4): 228–239.
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132:In bats, the
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23:Patagia on a
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621:Bird anatomy
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494:(1): 93–96.
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96:flying frogs
80:dromaeosaurs
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100:uropatagium
610:Categories
547:2464208012
398:: 99–111.
374:References
352:Ambopteryx
345:(dinosaur)
320:Ambopteryx
311:dinosaurs
258:gular flag
222:anomalures
213:anomalures
157:Pterosaurs
118:Wing of a
84:pterosaurs
70:including
66:groups of
324:fingers.
278:parachute
44:body part
543:ProQuest
539:23197142
473:34663691
414:51960058
363:jumpsuit
328:See also
32:patagium
508:9488912
464:8612209
441:Bibcode
270:lizards
266:gliding
218:colugos
209:colugos
189:fairing
90:, some
78:, some
64:extinct
52:gliding
40:patagia
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367:webbed
94:, and
60:extant
56:flying
410:S2CID
365:with
289:birds
238:Other
231:Eomys
76:birds
50:when
591:ISBN
566:ISBN
535:PMID
504:PMID
469:PMID
317:and
307:The
299:and
272:and
164:The
134:skin
110:Bats
72:bats
62:and
48:lift
30:The
496:doi
492:180
459:PMC
449:doi
437:118
400:doi
287:In
264:In
54:or
36:pl.
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343:Yi
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