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muscles. Similarly the fleshy pad that houses the follicles of the remiges (primary and secondary feathers) caudal to the hand and the ulna is also often referred to as a patagium. The interremigial ligament that connects the bases all the primary and secondary feathers as it passes from the tip of
226:
and other mammals also have patagia that extend between the limbs; as in bats and pterosaurs, they also possess propatagia and uropatagia. Though the forelimb is not as specialised as in true flyers, the membrane tends to be an equally complex organ, composed of various muscle groups and fibers.
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had rather elaborate, superficially bat-like patagia in the forelimbs, unique among dinosaurs. The exact extent is not clear, but they were extensive and supported by a long styliform bone as in gliding mammals. Other scansoriopterygids might have had similar patagia, based on their long third
534:"Evolutionary transformation of the cervicobrachial plexus in the colugo (Cynocephalidae: Dermoptera) with a comparison to treeshrews (Tupaiidae: Scandentia) and strepsirrhines (Strepsirrhini: Primates)"
306:, making up the leading edge of the inner wing. Many authors use the term to describe the fold of skin between the body (behind the shoulder) and the elbow that houses the outer segments of the
440:"Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation"
497:
Endo, Hideki; Yokokawa, Kayoko; Kurohmaru, Masamichi; Hayashi, Yoshihiro (February 1998). "Functional anatomy of gliding membrane muscles in the sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)".
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In the flying pterosaurs, the patagium was composed of the membrane forming the surface of the wing, supported primarily between the body and the elongated fourth finger.
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Propatagium: the anterior-most membrane, extending from the shoulder to the wrist. Pterosaurs developed a unique bone to support this membrane, the pteroid.
202:" (area conjunctioning the wing with the body at the neck), as opposed to the feathered or fur-composed "fairing" seen in birds and bats respectively.
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forming the surface of the wing is an extension of the skin of the abdomen that runs to the tip of each digit, uniting the forelimb with the body.
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Brachiopatagium: the main flight surface, stretching from the elongated fourth finger to the hindlimbs.
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the hand to the elbow is thought to represent the caudal edge of the ancestral form of this patagium.
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Uropatagium or cruropatagium: the posterior-most membrane occurring between the two hindlimbs.
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Pittman, Michael; Barlow, Luke A.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Habib, Michael B. (2 November 2021).
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Various species have styliform bones to support the membranes, either on the elbow (
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Plagiopatagium: the portion found between the last digit and the hindlimbs.
109:. The patagium that stretches between an animal's hind limbs is called the
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Uropatagium: the posterior portion of the flap between the two hindlimbs.
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Kawashima, T; Murakami, K; Takayanagi, M; Sato, F (November 2012).
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Propatagium: the patagium present from the neck to the first digit.
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Membranous structure that assists an animal in gliding or flight
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291:-like extension of skin that catches the air, which allows
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Elgin, Ross A.; Hone, David W.E.; Frey, Eberhard (2011).
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Dactylopatagium: the portion found within the digits.
380:sleeves, which mimic the patagia of flying mammals
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444:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
150:The patagium of a bat has four distinct parts:
596:King, Anthony Stuart; McLelland, John (1979).
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399:"The Extent of the Pterosaur Flight Membrane"
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365: – Genus of scansoriopterygid dinosaur
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499:Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
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192:A laser-stimulated fluorescence scan on
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372: – Variant of skydiving that uses
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245:) or on the wrist (flying squirrels).
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57:that assists an animal in obtaining
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358: – Extinct genus of dinosaur
348: – Extinct family of mammals
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198:also identified a membranous "
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571:Pennycuick, Colin J. (2008).
511:10.1016/S0940-9602(98)80149-0
403:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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113:(especially in bats) or the
69:. The structure is found in
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575:. Academic Press/Elsevier.
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287:, the patagium is the flat
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598:Form and Function in Birds
179:had three distinct parts:
136:Lasiurus blossevillii
79:flying and gliding animals
573:Modelling the Flying Bird
308:latissimus dorsi caudalis
271:(throat flap) and patagia
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465:10.1073/pnas.2107631118
177:patagium of a pterosaur
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279:species, such as some
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416:10.4202/app.2009.0145
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115:interfemoral membrane
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18:Interfemoral membrane
456:2021PNAS..11807631P
450:(44): e2107631118.
600:. Academic Press.
538:Folia Morphologica
312:triceps scapularis
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53:) is a membranous
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607:978-0-12-407503-0
582:978-0-12-374299-5
320:scansoriopterygid
16:(Redirected from
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212:Flying squirrels
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370:Wingsuit flying
346:Volaticotherium
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207:Gliding mammals
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99:gliding mammals
36:flying squirrel
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544:(4): 228–239.
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34:Patagia on a
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632:Bird anatomy
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505:(1): 93–96.
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285:flying frogs
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107:flying frogs
91:dromaeosaurs
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111:uropatagium
621:Categories
558:2464208012
409:: 99–111.
385:References
363:Ambopteryx
356:(dinosaur)
331:Ambopteryx
322:dinosaurs
269:gular flag
233:anomalures
224:anomalures
168:Pterosaurs
129:Wing of a
95:pterosaurs
81:including
77:groups of
335:fingers.
289:parachute
55:body part
554:ProQuest
550:23197142
484:34663691
425:51960058
374:jumpsuit
339:See also
43:patagium
519:9488912
475:8612209
452:Bibcode
281:lizards
277:gliding
229:colugos
220:colugos
200:fairing
101:, some
89:, some
75:extinct
63:gliding
51:patagia
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378:webbed
105:, and
71:extant
67:flying
421:S2CID
376:with
300:birds
249:Other
242:Eomys
87:birds
61:when
602:ISBN
577:ISBN
546:PMID
515:PMID
480:PMID
328:and
318:The
310:and
283:and
175:The
145:skin
121:Bats
83:bats
73:and
59:lift
41:The
507:doi
503:180
470:PMC
460:doi
448:118
411:doi
298:In
275:In
65:or
47:pl.
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